Science

Quarter 2- Module 5, Week 5

Understanding Typhoons
Science - Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Understanding Typhoons
Revised Copy 2021

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cebu City Schools

Division Superintendent: Rhea Mar A. Angtud, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Writer/Compiler/s: Joy D. Labis, Master Teacher I- Science (CCDCAGMNHS)

Emarie Kathleen G. Verano Teacher I (CCDCAGMNHS)

Content Editors: Dr. Gemma A. Bendebel, Principal II. Zapatera National High School
Mr. Rommel C. Villahermosa, Assisting Principal, Don Sergio
Osmena MNHS

Language Editor: Mrs. Nenita Nacional, School Principal, Pardo Elementary Extension

Management Team: Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent

Dr. Bernadette A. Susvilla, Assistant Schools Division
Superintendent
Mrs. Grecia F. Bataluna, CID Chief
Mrs. Raylene S. Manawatao, EPS-Science
Mrs. Vanessa L. Harayo, EPS LRMDS

Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education – Division of Cebu City,

RO7 Office Address: New Imus Avenue, Barangay Day-as, Cebu City
Telephone Nos.: (032)2551516
E-mail Address: cebu.city@deped.gov.ph

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 Lesson
Understanding Typhoons

Quarter : Second Quarter

Content Standard : The learners demonstrate an understanding of the formation of
typhoons.
Performance Standard : The learners shall be able to demonstrate precautionary measures
before, during and after a typhoon including following advisories,
storm signals and calls for evacuation given by government
agencies in charge.
Competency : The learners should be able to explain how typhoon
develops. (S8ESII d-18)
Duration : Week 5
Topic: : Understanding Typhoons

What I Need to Know

Most of us are familiar with the effects of typhoons. Some say, jokingly, that you are not
a Filipino if you have not experienced the wrath of a very strong typhoon at least once in your
life. So, why is the Philippines prone to typhoons? Does destruction of the natural environment
contribute to the formation of typhoons? These are the questions that may come into Filipinos’
mind whenever they experience typhoons. Let’s find out more about typhoon in this module.
Objectives:

1.Describe and explain how a typhoon develops.

2.Identify and describe the categories of typhoon.
3.Cite the significance of the issuance of Public Storm Warning Signals.

What I Know
DIRECTIONS: Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of the item on a separate paper.
1. Which of the following factors contributes the high incidence of typhoons in the
Philippines?
A. low water temperature C. temperature 26.5°C and above
B. location of the Philippines D. warm waters in the Pacific Ocean
2. What category of a tropical cyclone when it is reached maximum sustained winds of 180 kph?
A. Tropical Depression B. Tropical Storm C. Typhoon D. Super Typhoon
3.What Public Storm Warning Signal (PSWS) number is characterized with winds of more than
230 kph, expected in at least 12 hours?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 5
4. Where do most Philippine typhoons formed?
A. at the equator C. Southwest monsoon or Habagat
B. over the Philippine Deep D. Caroline-Marianas area of the Pacific
5. What happen to the wind pressure moving away from the eye of the typhoon?
A. increasing air pressure C. Maintain air pressure
B. decreasing pressure D. Equal air pressure
6. How does a typhoon develop? It develops from a ___________.
A. low pressure area over an ocean near a pole C. high pressure area over an ocean near the equator
B. high pressure area over an ocean near a pole D. low pressure area over an ocean near the equator

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7. Which is CORRECT about the eyewall?
A. calm part of the typhoon C. part of the typhoon with the lowest air pressure
B. region of the typhoon with the slowest winds D. where strong winds and abundant rains are found
8. What characterizes the eye of the typhoon? It is associated with ____________.
A. low pressure, subsiding air and high winds C. high pressure, rising air and fairly calm winds
B. low pressure, rising air and fairly calm winds D. high pressure, subsiding air and fairly calm winds
9. Which of these, is NOT part of a typhoon anatomy?
A. eyewall B. inner rainband C. outer rainband D. storm surge
10. In which part of a typhoon is rainfall heaviest and the wind strongest? It is_______.
A. in the eye or center of the spiraling mass
B. on the outer edges of the spiraling air mass
C. just around the eye or center of the spiraling air mass
D. halfway between the eye and the outer edge of the spiraling air mass
11. What is the minimum temperature needed for the evaporation of huge amount of ocean
water in forming a typhoon?
A. 25o C B. 27o C C. 29o C D. 30o C
12. What brief storm is characterized by heavy rain and gusty winds, and generates lighting and
thunder?
A. typhoon B. tornado C. thunderstorm D. waterspout
13. Which of the following best describes a typhoon?
A. shaking of the land C. low pressure area
B. heavy rains and flood D. series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement
14. What violent tropical disturbance has winds moving at a speed of greater than 119
kilometers per hour?
A. tornado B. tropical depression C. tropical storm D. typhoon
15. In what part of the Earth do most typhons form?
A. between 00 latitude and 200 latitude of each hemisphere
B. between 500 latitude and 200 latitude of each hemisphere
C. between 150 latitude and 300 latitude of each hemisphere
D. between 200 latitude and 350 latitude of each hemisphere

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 What’s in
DIRECTIONS: Below are some of the words which you have learned from previous lesson that
have been divided into halves. Find the pieces that fit together and write them on a separate
sheet of paper.

* WORD PARTS*
seis ust wave
cr man tude
mic P- tle
seismo re ugh
ampli shea graph
co tro ring
Ray ans leigh

3. 7. 1. 5.
4. 8, 2. 6.

What’s new
The Philippines, with a total area of about 300,000 km², lies within the latitude and longitude
of 13°N and 122°E, respectively. It is located along major typhoon belts.
The Philippines is the largest country in the Northern Hemisphere closest to where the
sources of typhoons are – between 125°E and 150°E, and between 5°N and 20°N. Typhoons may
also develop in the West Philippine Sea ( formerly South China Sea) . These typhoons move generally
northward or toward the northeast , affecting the Philippines.
With its frequency and degree , the damage it can bring , and the many problems it has
caused our country , “typhoon” is definitely something to think about seriously. In what way do you
think about typhoons? How closely have you paid attention to its formation and development?

Activity no.1
Tropical cyclone formation
I. Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to :
1. explain how tropical cyclones form over warm sea surfaces :
2. discuss the movement of hot air and cold air in the formation of a
tropical cyclone.
II. Materials:
Basin or bowl , balloon, empty glass bottle , hot water

PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES: Be careful in handling hot water bath.

Ask the assistance of an adult in performing the activity.
III. Procedures: Fig.1
1. Place a non-inflated balloon on an empty glass bottle’s mouth.
2. Put the glass bottle in a bath of hot water as shown in figure 1.
3.Observe what happens to the balloon.
4. Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
A. What happened to the non-inflated balloon when you placed the empty glass
bottle in a bath of hot water? ___________________________________________
B. What caused the change in the balloon ? _______
C. What happened to the air inside the bottle when placed in a bath of hot water?

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 D. What made hot air rise over the cold air?
IV. Conclusion:
How are tropical cyclones formed ?
________________________________________________________________________

What is it

Typhoon is the Pacific-Asian regional name for the generic name tropical cyclone. In the
Caribbean, Mexico, and the United States, a tropical cyclone is officially called a hurricane, after
Huracan, who is the God of the storm from Island Carib.
The Philippines has various terms for typhoons depending on the dialect. Tagalog people
would call them sigwa, sigwada, and unos or malakas na unos while Cebuanos call it bagyo.
Let’s start this module by knowing the terms associated with typhoon for a better understanding.
*VOCABULARY WORDS*
1. Coriolis effect
- the tendency of a moving object (including the wind) to be deflected to the right in the northern
hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere due to the rotation of Earth around its axis
2. Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
- known by sailors as the doldrums or the calms because of its monotonous, windless weather. It
is the area where the northeast and southeast trade winds converge
3.Landfall
-is the event of a storm moving over land after being over water
4. Latitude
-the angular distance of a place, north or south of the earth’s equator
5. Longitude
- is a measurement of location east or west of the prime meridian
6. Low Pressure Area (LPA)
- region where the air pressure is lower than that of the surrounding locations
7. Monsoon
- a large-scale, seasonally reversing surface wind circulation in the tropics accompanied
by large amplitude seasonal changes in precipitation.
8. Sea surface temperature (SST)
- is the water temperature close to the ocean's surface
9. Storm surge, storm flood, tidal surge or storm tide
- is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated
with low-pressure weather systems, such as tropical cyclones. It is measured as the rise
in water level above the normal tidal level and does not include waves.
10. Thunderstorm
- a brief storm characterized by heavy rain and gusty winds and generates lightning and
thunder
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TYPHOON
In Activity No. 1 “ Tropical Cyclone Formation”, you learned that hot air is less dense than the
cool air thus tropical cyclones are formed over warm sea surfaces and not in areas near the pole.
What are the factors which contribute to the formation of typhoon besides warm and cold sea surface
temperatures?
*Six main requirements for a typhoon to form and develop:
1. Abundance of warm water- begins with the development of a low-pressure area (LPA) over
an ocean near the equator.

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2. Ocean water temperature of 26.5℃ (79.7 degrees Fahrenheit)-when the temperature of
surface water of this ocean has reached 26.5°C or higher, much water evaporates and the water
vapor produced carries much heat to the air above, making this air warm and very moist. The
warm and moist air, being much less dense than before, moves up.
3. Spanning from the surface up to a depth of at least 50m (160 ft)
4. High humidity - cool air rushes in to fill the space left by the rising warm air, causing more warm
and moist air to rise. When rising warm air and moist air reaches a layer of cool air above, water
vapor carried by the rising warm air condenses to form thunderclouds. When the weight of the
condensed water vapor exceeds the maximum amount the thunderclouds can hold, condensed
water will fall as rain.
5. Low vertical wind shear- When winds from different directions moving toward the low- pressure
areas meet, they bend inward, rotate, and then spiral upward. The swirling winds, increased in
speed by earth’s rotation, rotate faster and faster, forming a great circle which becomes the eye of
the typhoon. The heat released when condensation of water vapor takes place provides the energy
for a typhoon to move upward from one place to another.
6. Optimal location for the typhoon

STRUCTURE OF A TYPHOON

1. Eye -the center and calm region of a typhoon with occasional light
winds blowing at 20 km/hr. Normally, it is about 30 km in diameter.
2. Eyewall-a doughnut-shape wall, which is composed of a hot tower
of clouds in which the heaviest rains and the strongest winds occur.
3. Outer rainbands- these are outer spiral bands of a typhoon.
These bands are scattered and move inward. In this part, rainfall
maybe light to moderate and wind speed are up to 62 kph.
4. Inner rainbands – these are the main spiral bands of a typhoon.
These bands now appear organized and move inward (ex. toward the
center). In this part there is moderate intermittent rain and winds of 63-
117 kph.

oas.org.com
Figure. 2

phsyorg.com
Fig. 3. CROSS-SECTION OF A TYPHOON

-Strong pressure gradient within eyewall responsible for strong hurricane winds.
-Speed is fastest on “right” side of hurricane: sum of rotational and forward velocity
-Rain occurs in eyewall (heaviest) and spiral rainbands.
-Temperatures increase in the eye because of descending air.

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 The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA) has announced a revised public storm warning system and an updated classification
of tropical cyclones. Public Storm Warning Signal (PSWS) No. 5 has been added to the state
weather bureau's public storm warning signal.

PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNAL NO.1

PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNAL NO.2

slidesharecdn.com

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PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNAL NO.3

slidesharecdn.com

PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNAL NO. 4

slidesharecdn.com

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PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNAL NO.5

slidesharecdn.com

PAGASA modified the public storm warning signal because tropical cyclones have become
more intense recently. These tropical cyclone warning signals are usually raised when an area (in
the Philippines only) is about to be hit by a tropical cyclone. As a tropical cyclone gains strength
and/or gets nearer to an area having a storm signal, the warning maybe upgraded to a higher one in
that area (ex. a signal No.1 warning for an area may be increased to signal #3). Conversely, as a
tropical cyclone weakens and/or gets farther to an area, it may be downgraded to a lower signal or
may be lifted (that is, an area will have no storm signal). Aside from the revised storm warning
system, the categories of tropical cyclone has also been modified.

CATEGORY MAXIMUM WIND SPEED KILOMETERS PER

HOUR (KPH)

Tropical Depression (TD) up to 61 kph

Tropical Storm (TS) 62 to 88 kph

Severe Tropical Storm (STS) 89 to 117 kph

Typhoon (TY) 118 to 220 kph

Super Typhoon (STY) exceeding 220 kph

TABLE 1. TROPICAL CYCLONE CATEGORIES

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 What’s more
Activity no.2
Dissecting a Typhoon
I. OBJECTIVES:

After the activity, you should be able to :

1. describe the “eye” of a typhoon.
2. identify the factors which predict the location of the “eye” of the typhoon
II. MATERIALS:
weather data
III. DIRECTIONS:
1. Observe carefully Figure 4. It consists of two illustrations, the top one shows a tropical
cyclone as seen at an angle. White rain bands move around the center or “eye”. The
bottom illustration shows a cross-section of a tropical cyclone. It is like slicing it in half
and looking at it from the side.

FIG. 4.
Science 8 Learner’s Module

2. Study table 2 and compare the air pressure in locations A, B, C and D.

Location A B C D
Air pressure in 900 960 980 990
millibars (mb)

TABLE 2. *Air pressure refers to the weight of air over a certain areas
Location A is within the eye of the tropical cyclone. B, C and D are locations that are more and
more distant from the eye.
3. Study table 3 and compare the windspeed within the eye (E) and at the eyewall (F).
TABLE 3.
Location E F
Wind speed (km/hour) 10 200

TABLE 3. Location E is within the eye of the tropical cyclone. Location F is within the cloud
surrounding the eye. The clouds at F make up the eyewall.

4. Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.

A. What were the two factors considered in predicting if the location is near or far from the
“eye” of the typhoon?

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 B. What have you observed with the amount of air pressure where the location is near the “eye”
of the typhoon based on table 2?

C. What have you observed in table 3 with the windspeed in the “eye” of the
typhoon? Is it lower or greater with the windspeed on its surrounding areas? Why?

IV. CONCLUSION:______________________________________________

What I have learned

DIRECTIONS: Complete the sentences below by filling-out the correct terms in the
blanks. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper

1. The terms A and B are regionally specific names for

strong tropical cyclones.
2 . Warm moist air of sea surface temperatures not less than A_℃ over a surface
2 depth not lower than ___B__- meter is needed for a typhoon to form.
3. Typhoon originates about km North of the equator.
4. The movement and speed of typhoons is affected by the , the
passage of an eastward propagating mass of air and the interaction between one or
more typhoons within their respective peripheries.
5. PAGASA classifies tropical cyclones into five categories: A ,
B , C , D and E .
6. The four parts of a typhoon are the A , the B ,
The _C and the D .

What I can do
Info- sharing on Typhoons

The key to reducing damage from natural disasters such as typhoons, is through
widespread public awareness and education. As a student, you can do your part by sharing your
knowledge about typhoons.

DIRECTIONS: Make a pamphlet/ brochure using short bond paper that contains the necessary
information about typhoons: definition and parts, formation, categories , storm
public
warning signals.

RUBRIC: Content- 25 points

Organization- 15 points
Neatness- 10 points
TOTAL: 50 points

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 Assessment
DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What agency in the Philippines is responsible for updates regarding typhoons tracks,
typhoon signals and typhoon advisories?
A. BFAR B. DOST C. PAGASA D. PHIVOLCS
2. Which part of the typhoon has a wind speed of 62km / hr.?
A. Eye B. Eyewall C. Inner rainband D. Outer rainband
3. Which part of the typhoon is characterized with heavy rains and strong winds?
A. Eye B. Eyewall C. Inner rainband D. Outer rainband
4. What is the name of the tropical cyclone if it occurs in the North Atlantic area?
A. hurricane B. typhoon C. tropical storm D thunderstorms
5. Typhoon signal with winds of 61-120 kph or intermittent rains maybe expected within 24 hrs.
What PSWS is this?
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4
6. What is the classification of tropical cyclone with wind speed of 62-88 kph?
A. tropical depression B. tropical disturbance C. tropical storm D. super typhoon
7. What typhoon signal with wind speed of 121-170 kph or intermittent rains maybe expected within
18 hrs.?
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4
8. What does the acronym ITCZ stand for?
A. Interactive Convergence Zone C. Intertropical Convergence Zoning
B. Intertropical Convergence Zone D. International Convergence Zone
9. What PSWS with very strong winds of more than 200 kph maybe expected in at least 12 hrs?
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4
10. What is the classification of tropical cyclone with wind speed of 220 kph or more?
A. tropical depression B. tropical disturbance C. tropical storm D. super typhoon
11. How far from the equator are typhoons formed?
A. 500km B.600km C.700km D.800km
12. What is the center and calm region of a typhoon?
A. circumference B. eye C. eye wall D. pillar
13. What is the band of clouds that surround the center of the typhoon?
A. eye B. eyewall C. inner rainband D. outer rainband
14. Which of the following is NOT involved in the formation of a typhoon?
A. Low Pressure Area C. Intertropical Convergence Zone
B. Strong vertical wind shear D. Warm Sea surface temperature
15. What causes the formation of low- pressure area that can lead to the development of a
typhoon?
A. Cold and dry air
B. Very low moisture and humidity
C. Cold water surrounded by warm conditions.
D. Warm water surrounded by cold conditions

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References

Campo, Pia C., et.al. Science 8 Learner’s Module, First Edition. Philippines: Department of
Education, 2013.

Campo, Pia C., et.al. Science 8 Teacher’s Guide, First Edition. Philippines: Department of
Education, 2013.

Learning Module Science G8/Q2. 2017, Earth and Space: Faults and Earthquakes.
Philippines: Department of Education 2017_SciG8Q2

Lim, Anne Brigette U. Science for the 21st Century Learner. Philippines. Diwa Learning
Systems, Inc., 2012.

Villamar, Rufino Jr., et.al. Science: Conforming to the Globalized Trends in Education. Sta. Teresa
Publications, Inc., 2016.

Hurricane Anatomy. Accessed November 20, 2020. https://scx1.bcdn.net/csz/news/800/2007/hurricanecan.jpg

Tropical Cyclone Forecasting. Accessed November 22,2020.

https://www.oas.org/cdmp/document/forecast/forecast.htm

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2
FGeromeRosario%2Fcyclones

http://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/

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What I can Do
Answers may vary
WHAT HAVE I LEARNED
1. TYPHOON 8.TROPICAL STORM
2. HURRICANES 9.SEVERE TROPICAL STORM
3.26.5 10.TYPHOON
4.50 11.SUPER TYPHOON
5.500 12.EYE
6. CORIOLIS EFFECT 13.EYEWALL
7. TROPICAL DEPRESSION 14.OUTER BAND
15.INNER BAND
WHAT’S MORE
4. A. Air pressure , wind speed
B.Air pressure is lower near the
eye of the typhoon C.Wind speed
is lower near the eye of the
typhoon
WHAT’S NEW
4. A. it becomes bigger
B. warm air
C. rise
D. hot air is less dense than cold air
WHAT’S IN
1. CRUST 6.TROUGH
2.P-WAVE 7.SEISMOGRAPH
3. AMPLITUDE 8.CORE
4. MANTLE 9.RAYLEIGH
5. SHEARING 10.SEISMIC
Answer key
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Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education – Division of Cebu City

Office Address : New Imus Avenue, Barangay Day-as, Cebu City
Telephone Nos. : (032) 2551516
E-mail Address : cebu.city@deped.gov.ph
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