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IS : 9320 - 1979
(Reaffirmed 1996)
(Reaffirmed 2012)
Indian Standard (Reaffirmed 2017)
GUIDE FOR TESTING
DIRECT-CURRENT ( D C ) MACHINES
(Reaffirmed 2011)
(Third Reprint MAY 1997)

(Reaffirmed 2010)

UDC 621.313.2 : 620.1 (026)

(Reaffirmed 2009)

(Reaffirmed 2008)

(Reaffirmed 2007)

(Reaffirmed 2006)

(Reaffirmed 2005)

© Copyright 1980
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAHZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
Gr 3 March 1980
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IS : 9320 - 1979

Indian Standard
GUIDE FOR TESTING
DIRECT-CURRENT ( D C ) MACHINES
Rotating Machinery Sectional Committee, ETDC 15
Chairman Representing
S H R I J. S. ZAVERI Bharat Bijlee Ltd, Bombay
Members
S H R I S. G. DESHMUKH (Alternate to
Shri J. S. Zaveri)
S H R I T. APPASWAMY NGEF Ltd, Bangalore
S H R I A. N. SRIVATHSA (Alternate)
S H R I P. R. BAPAT Guest, Keen. Williams Ltd. Bombay
S H R I A. S ABRYANKAR (Alternate)
S H R I S. S. B I J L A N I Walchandnagar Industries Ltd, Walchandnagar
S H R I A. G. DOSHI (Alternate)
C H I E F ENGINEER ( E ) - I I Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
SURVAYOR OF W O R K S I I (Alternate)
D E P U T Y DIRECTOR OF INSPECTION Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals
New Delhi
S H R I J . S. PASSI (Alternate)
D E P U T Y DIRECTOR O F W E A P O N Naval Headquarters (Ministry of Defence)
EQUIPMENT New Delhi
ASSISTANT D I R E C T O R
ELECTRICAL ENGG (Alternate)
DIRECTOR ( H E D - 1 ) Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi
D E P U T Y DIRECTOR ( H E D - 1 ) (Alternate)
J O I N T DIRECTOR STANDARDS Railway Board, Ministry of Railways
( E L E C T ) - I , RDSO
D E P U T Y DIRECTOR STAND-
ARDS (EI E C T ) - I , RDSO (Alternate)
S H R I P. G. M A T H U R Army Headquarters (Ministry of Defence)
New Delhi
S H R I P. ANANTHA RAM (Alternate)
S H R I A. K. NAGARKATH Kirloskar Electric Co Ltd, Bangalore
S H R I M. G A N E S H (Alternate)
S H R I J. M N A I K Millowners' Association. Bombay
S H R I S. S A R U P (Alternate)
S H R I J. S. NEGI Jyoti Ltd, Vadodara
S H R I D . K . K U L K A R N I (Alternate)

(Continued on page 2)

© Copyright 1980
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( X I V of 1957) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
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IS : 9320 - 1979
(Continutd from page 1)
Members Representing
DB M. S PADBIDRI Hindustan Brown B o v r i Ltd, Bombay
SHRI Y. D. DORAJ (Alternate)
S H R I D. P. PATEL Crompton Greaves Ltd, Bombay
SHRI R, K. TASKAR (Alternate)
DR G. M. PHADKE Indian Electrical Manufacturers' Association,
Bombay
S H R I K. P. R. PILLAI Fact Engineering & Design Organization, Udyoga-
mandal
S H R I K. N. RAMASWAMY Directorate General of Technical Development,
New Delhi
SHRI R. K. GUPTA (Alternate)
SHRI V. RAMASWAMY Siemens India Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. N. G H O S H (Alternate)
SHRI RAMESH CHANDRA Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking, New Delhi
SHRI P. DUTTA (Alternate)
S H R I A. S. R. SASTRY Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Hyderabad
S H R I N. P GUPTA (Alternate I )
S H R I S. C GOELLA (Alternate I I )
S H R I P. K SAXENA Rural Electrification Corporation Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI G. L. DUA (Alternate)
S H R I G B. SINGH Steel Authority of India Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI P. C. SENGUPTA (Alternate)
S H R I D. N. UPADHYAY National Test House. Calcutta
SHRI S P. SACHDEV, Director General,BIS (Ex-officio Member)
Director (Elec tech)

Secretary
S H R I R. K. MONGA
Deputy Director (Elcc tech), BIS

Panel for dc Machines (Excluding Traction), ETDC 15/P17

Convener
S H R I R. NATARAJAN Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Secunderabad
Members
S H R I R. V. MYANKAR (Alternate to
Shri R. Natarajan)
S H R I G. K. BHANDARXAR Crompton Greaves Ltd, Bombay
SHRI V. T. INGOLE (Alternate)
S H R I S. N. G H O S H Siemens India Ltd. Bombay
S H R I A. K. SRIVASTAVA (Alternate)
S H R I S. C. MITRA Steel Authority of India Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI R. P. RASTOGI (Alternate)
SHRI B. MUKHOPADHYAY National Test House, Calcutta
SHRI J. M. NAIK Millowners' Association, Bombay
S H R I B. P. SARKAR Metallurgical & Engg Consultants ( I n d i a ) Limited,
Ranchi
S H R I A. N. SRIVATHSA NGEF Limited, Bangalore
S H R I R. VIJAYARAGHAVAN Kirloskar Electric Go Ltd, Bangalore

2
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IS : 9320 - 1979

Indian Standard
GUIDE FOR TESTING
DIRECT-CURRENT ( D C ) MACHINES
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standard
Institution on 20 November 1979, after the draft finalized by the
Rotating Machinery Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Electrotechnical Division Council.
0.2 The requirements of dc machines are covered in IS : 4722-1968*.
This guide has been prepared with a view to provide guidance on the
methods of tests of dc machines. This standard, therefore, shall be read
in conjunction with IS : 4722-1968*.
0.3 The term 'large dc machine' (see 5.7.3) has been used in this
standard. Whether the machine is large or not would depend upon the
size and output in kW/rpm.
0.4 This guide covers instructions for conducting and reporting the more
generally applicable and acceptable tests to determine the characteristics
of direct current machines. It is not intended to cover all possible tests
nor those of research nature. The guide shall not be deemed as making
it obligatory to carry out any or all the tests discussed here in any given
transaction.
0.5 In the preparation of this standard, assistance has been derived from
the following standards:
GOST : 183-1966 Electric machinery general technical requirements.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
GOST : 10159-1962 Direct current machines test methods. Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics.
IEEE 113-1973 Test code for direct-current machines. Institution
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, USA.
0.6 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,
expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS : 2-1960†. The number of significant places retained in the rounded
off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this
standard.
*Specification for rotating electrical machines.
†Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised).
3
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IS : 9320-1979
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers methods for conducting and reporting the tests
for dc machines except traction machines, marine service, air transport
and mill type motors. This standard applies to direct current generators
and motors rated 0·3 kW and higher.
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in I S : 1885
( P a r t XXXV)-1973* shall apply.
3. GENERAL CONDITIONS
3.1 The provision given in 3 of IS : 4889-1968† shall apply for reference,
temperature, general conditions of tests and class of accuracy of measur-
ing instruments.
4. PREPARATION FOR TESTS
4.1 Instruments shall be so chosen that quantities to be measured fall
within 20 to 95 percent of the scale of the instrument.
4.2 While measuring by more than one instrument, readings for each
measurement on all instruments should be preferably taken
simultaneously.
4.3 Before starting the tests, the value of the air gap between main pole
and armature, and interpole and armature shall be measured by means
of feeler gauges. When the machine is small and there is no possibility
of measuring air gap by feeler gauges, the air gap may be calculated by
measuring the diameter of the bores at the centre of main poles and
interpoles before inserting armature into magnetic system. Subtract the
armature diameter value from bore diameters and half of these values
will be the air gap between main pole and armature, and interpole
and armature.
The spacing of brushes along the surface of commutator shall also
be checked.
4.4 After checking that the machine is ready for the test, the brush bed-
ding shall be done depending upon the commutator surface. Brushes
shall be fixed in geometrical neutral position, with the armature held in
one position and by connecting a sensitive moving coil instrument to the
brushes and passing pulses from separate source of supply through the
main pole winding. If the brushes are in magnetic neutral position, the

*Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part XXXV Rotating machinery.

† Methods of determination of efficiency of routing electrical machines.

4
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IS : 9320 - 1979
instrument pointer shall not be deflected or deflection shall be minimum
and equal in opposite directions when the armature is set in different
positions with respect to machine poles.
4.5 When the machine is running at rated load, the magnetic neutral
position of the brushes is determined by the following condition at
changes in direction of rotation of the machine:
a) The speed is practically constant at a constant voltage, load and
field current of the motor; and
b) The terminal voltage is practically constant at a constant speed,
load and field current of the generator, provided the field wind-
ing is connected to an independent source of supply.
In case of machines with compound excitation, the system of
excitation (that is, commutative or differential) shall be kept unchanged
at either right- or left-hand rotation of the machine.
5. TEST METHODS
5.1 The standard describes methods for the following tests:
a) Measurement of winding resistances,
b) Measurement of winding insulation resistance,
c) Determination of open circuit characteristics,
d) Determination of regulation characteristics for generator and
motor,
e) Determination of external characteristics (for generator only),
f) Temperature-rise test,
g) Checking of commutation at rated load and at short-time current
overload,
h) Determination of efficiency of a machine,
j) Measurement of vibrations,
k) Load saturation characteristics (for exciters only),
m) Nominal exciter response for dc exciters,
n) Over-speed test, and
p) High voltage test.
5.2 Measurement of Winding Resistance
5.2.1 Resistance of all windings shall be measured in accordance
with 6 of I S : 4029-1967*.

*Guide for testing three-phase induction motors.

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IS : 9320-1979
5.2.2 When the resistance of armature with a simple lap or
simple wave winding is measured, it is recommended to measure
the resistance between commutator bars K/2p apart (where K is the
number of commutator bars and 2p total number of poles). In case
when 'K/2p' ratio is a fractional number, it shall be rounded off to
the nearest whole number.
5.2.3 The resistance of the armature winding shall be measured before
and after the temperature-rise test at the same commutator bars as far
as possible at one and the same position of the armature. Care shall be
taken to secure accurate resistance measurements, since a small error in
measuring resistance will cause a comparatively large error in determin-
ing the temperature.
5.3 Measurement of Insulation Resistance — Insulation resistance
shall be measured between winding and frame ( e a r t h ) , and between
winding and winding.
5.3.1 The insulation resistance when the high voltage test is applied,
shall be not less than one megohm. The insulation resistance shall be
measured with dc voltage of about 500 V applied for a sufficient time for
the reading of the indicator to become practically steady, such voltage
being taken from an independent source or generated in the measuring
instrument.
NOTE — When it is required to dry out windings at site to obtain the minimum
value of insulation resistance, it is recommended that procedure for drying out as
specified in IS : 900-1965* may be followed.

5.4 Determination of Open Circuit Characteristics

5.4.1 The no-load curve represents the dependence of the armature
voltage on the field current at rated speed of a direct current machine at
no-load condition at both separate and self excitation. In the latter
case, the series field winding ( i f used) shall not carry the current of the
shunt field winding. The no-load characteristics curve of series excited
generators shall be determined only at separate excitation.
5.4.2 If the speed (n) differs from rated value ( n r a t e d ) when determin-
ing the no-load characteristics curve, the no-load voltage ( V o ) may be
calculated by following formula:

where
V = measured voltage.

*Code of practice for installation and maintenance of induction motors (revised).

6
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IS : 9320 - 1979
5.4.3 The no-load saturation curve is determined by the field
excitation required to provide given voltages at rated base speed and no-
load. The data should be taken at properly spaced voltages to permit
an accurate plot from zero field current up to approximately 125 percent
of rated voltage.
5.4.3.1 Separately driven—The machine should be driven at rated speed
by any suitable means. Its brushes should be well fitted and located on
the magnetic neutral position (see 4.4). If possible, field current should be
supplied from a separate source to stabilize the voltage and facilitate the
taking of data. Simultaneous readings of field current and armature
voltage should be taken. A set of readings should be taken beginning
with zero field cutrrent and increasing until maximum voltage is obtained.
Three readings taken should be as near as possible to 90 percent, 100
percent and 110 percent of rated voltage. The residual voltage may be
measured at the beginning and completion of this test. To avoid
hysteresis effects, the field current should never be carried above the
desired point and then decreased. If this should occur during the test,
the field current should be reduced to zero and increased to the desired
value. Another set of readings may be obtained by starting at maximum
voltage and decreasing field current. To avoid hysteresis effects, the
field current should never be carried below the desired point and then
increased. If this should occur during the test, the field current should
be increased to the maximum value and decreased to the desired value.
5.4.3.2 Self driven (except series motors) — If no suitable separate
drive is available, data for an approximate no-load saturation curve may
be taken by operating the machine as an uncoupled motor from a
separate source of direct-current power. This source shall be adjustable
from approximately 25 percent to 125 percent of rated voltage. Field
current required to obtain rated speed at the different voltages differ
from no-load saturation curve data by the effects of the armature
currents which are required to operate the machine as an uncoupled
motor. The machine may become unstable at low voltage and pre-
cautions against overspeed should be observed.
5.4.4 For motors the no-load curve shall be determined by running the
machine as generator.
5.5 Determination of Regulation Characteristics
5.5.1 Regulation characteristics of a dc generator represent the
dependence of the terminal voltage on the load current at constant field
current and shall be determined at winding temperature approximately
equal to the working temperature.
5.5.2 Regulation characteristics of a dc motor represents the depen-
dence of the speed of motor on the load current at constant field current
and shall be determined at temperature approximately equal to working
temperature.
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IS : 9320 - 1979

5.5.3 Regulation characteristics shall be plotted at various loads from

zero load to 150 percent of rated value.
5.5.4 In case of compound or series excitation, regulation test shall be
done up to a value of load where the speed does not exceed the permissible
limits.
5.6 Determination of External Characteristics ( f o r Generators
Only)
5.6.1 The external characteristic curve of dc generators represents the
dependence of the terminal voltage on the load current or output at
constant speed and field current (for separately excited generators) or
at constant setting of field rheostat (for self-excited machines) and is
determined at a winding temperature approximately equal to the design
working temperature.
5.6.2 External characteristics shall be plotted at various loads from
zero load to 150 percent of rated value.
5.6.3 The departure of the voltage from rated value (∆ V) in
percent shall be calculated for any point of the curve from the following
formula:

where
V = the voltage at the given point of the curve, and
Vrated = the rated voltage of the machine.
5.6.4 For large machines external characteristics test shall be per-
formed if it is agreed between the purchaser and the supplier.
5.7 Temperature-Rise Test
5.7.1 Temperature-rise test shall specify the values of temperature-rise
of different parts of the machine and rated data of the machine.
5.7.2 The machine shall run at rated data till such time the tem-
perature of all the parts become constant and then the temperature-rise
of different parts of the machine shall be measured in accordance
with 11 of IS:4722-1968*.
5.7.3 The temperature-rise on continuous rated large dc machines may
be carried out employing indirect method.

*Specification for rotating electrical machines.

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IS : 9320 -1979
5.7.3.1 The machine shall be running continuously under no-load
condition, that is, at rated volts and zero current; and after that under
short circuit condition, that is, at zero volts and rated current. The
temperature-rise of the tested windings shall be considered. as equal to
the sum of the winding temperature-rises measured directly after each
of the above runs.
5.7.4 Where two or more similar machines are tested, back to back
connection shall be resorted for loading.
5.8 Checking of Commutation at Rated Load and at Short Time
Current Overload — Commutation test shall be performed in accord-
ance with 23 of IS : 4722-1968*.
5.9 Efficiency Test — Efficiency test shall be conducted in accordance
with IS : 4889-1968†.
5.10 Measurement of Vibrations — The vibrations of the machines
shall be measured in accordance with IS : 4729-1968‡.
5.11 Load Saturation Characteristics ( f o r Exciters Only) — Load
saturation characteristics represent the dependence of the armature
voltage on the field current at rated speed and constant load resistance.
The value of constant load resistance shall be equal to the field resistance
at 75°C, of the machine while this exciter is feeding power. Alternati-
vely constant load resistance shall be obtained from the following
formula:

5.11.1 Load saturation characteristics shall be plotted starting from

zero field current and then gradually increasing it to its maximum value
and then gradually decreasing to zero field current.
5.12 Nominal Exciter Response for dc Exciters — Nominal exciter
voltage response or the response ratio is determined from the following
formula in accordance with definition given in I S : 1885 (Part X X X V ) -
1973§:

*Specification Tor rotating electrical machines.

†Methods of determination of efficiency of rotating electrical machines.
‡Measurement and evaluation of vibration of rotating electrical machines.
§Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part XXXV Rotating machinery.

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IS : 9320 - 1979
where
t = 0·5 seconds,
Uπ = exciter voltage attained after 0·5 seconds converting the
excitation voltage time area into equivalent triangle, and
UN = rated exciter voltage or voltage at the slip-rings of the
machine to be excited.
5.12.1 Testing shall be carried out as follows.
5.12.1.1 The exciter which is to be tested shall be run at no-load rated
voltage and corresponding field current adjusted by providing variable
resistance in series of the field winding. After some time this variable
resistance is short circulated. An oscillograph shall be connected across
the armature terminals. From oscillograph the voltage increase in 0·5
seconds shall be found out and thus response ratio may be calculated.
5.13 Overspeed Test — All dc machines shall be tested for overspeed
in accordance with 24 of IS : 4722-1968* for 2 minutes.
5.14 High Voltage Test — High voltage test shall be conducted in
accordance with 21 of IS : 4722-1968*.

*Specification for routing electrical machines.

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BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
Telephonas: 323 0131, 323 3375, 323 9402
Fax : 91 11 3234062, 91 11 3239399, 91 11 3239382 Telegrams: Manaksanstha
(Common to all Offices)
Central Labortory: Telephone
Plot No. 20/9, Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, SAHIBABAD 201010 8-77 00 32
Regional Offices:
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