DECLARATION

1
 DECLARATION

I Rahul Singh hereby declare that the information presented is correct to the
best of my knowledge and the analysis is as per the norms and guidelines
provided for the report. I have utilized the requisite concepts and applied the
required methodologies to analyze the primary data collected to reach the
conclusion present in the report.

Rahul Singh
MBA-III Sem.
Roll No. 2207470700025

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The project work is pursued as a part of RAJ SMS, Varanasi. I would rejoice
to express emphatically with profound sense of gratitude and highest
veneration, my sincere thanks to Miss. Sakshi Tripathi for giving me
guidance for this project.
Lastly, I am thankful to all the respondents for their corporation & patience
in filling up the questionnaire and to all those who have directly and
indirectly helped me in completing this survey successfully.

Rahul Singh
MBA-III Sem.
Roll No. 2207470700025

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PREFACE

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 PREFACE

Education is the process of sharpening one’s mind and which is given in the
school & colleges in form of various subjects. When any subject is thought
theoretically in class it is known as academics, but when it is studied with
the subject application in real life. It is known as Professional education.
The field of commercial study consists of business administration, which is
the good mixture of both theory subject and practical subject. Thus, it makes
the students familiar with the running of various industries. As a student of
MBA, a professional degree courses, it required having the knowledge about
theoretical as well as practical knowledge. Theoretical knowledge provided
me by the experienced staff of my college and the practical knowledge and

training is provided by the "Impact of Customer Service on Customers in the

Automobile Industry in the RAJ TVS", Varanasi.
The report contains all the detail about all the products of TVS in Varanasi
city. It involves specification and the analysis of the market with the help of
questionnaire. The report has been made conclusive and suggestive. I hope
that this report will prove to be useful to the organization as and will be able
to provide useful information to its readers.

Rahul Singh
MBA-III Sem.
Roll No. 2207470700025

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OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

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OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

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NEED OF THE STUDY

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Need of The Study

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SCOPE OF THE STUDY

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Scope of The Study

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

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OBJECTIVE OF THE FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

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OBJECTIVE OF THE FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

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RATIO ANALYSIS

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RATIO ANALYSIS

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STANDARD OF COMPARISON

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STANDARD OF COMPARISON

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FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF
TVS MOTORS COMPANY

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FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF
TVS MOTORS COMPANY

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INDUSTRY PROFILE

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 INDUSTRY PROFILE

Around the turn of the 20th century, bicycle racing was big in the USA Bicycles

would race around big curved tracks called velodromes aided by pacing machines

powered by internal combustion engines. These pacers were made in Europe and often

broke down. A young designer named Oscar Hendee, who had his own American pacer.

He met up with a racer named George Hendee who had his own bicycle manufacturing

plant in Springfield, MA. The two combined forces and created a bicycle powered by an

engine developed by Hedstrom. Thus was born the Hendee Manufacturing Company and

the Indian motorcycle. They chose the name Indian since it would signify an American

product. George Hendee became known as the Big Chief (B.C.) and Oscar Hedstrom

became known as the Medicine Man. The factory was called the Wigwam and the dealer

network was called the Tribe.

The company finally changed its name from the Hendee Manufacturing

Company to the Indian Motorcycle Company in 1923.The first V-twins from Indian were

produced in 1907.Hedstorm left the company after a dispute in 1913, never to work in the

motorcycle industry again. In another dispute within the newly formed company, Hendee

also left the company in 1916.The company grew at a rapid rate but had many

competitors, most notably Harley-Davidson. Indian competed with Harley-Davidson in

the showrooms, on the tracks, and on the streets to determine which brand was better .The

second part of this article gives details about this war for bragging rights. The war

continues to this day even though Indian was to go out of business for all intents and

purposes in 1954.

Indian began making motorcycle in 1901 as the Hendee Manufacturing

Company. The first production model was in 1902 and 143 units were produced.

In 1903, 376 motorcycles were sold. It continued production through 1953 when

it no longer made the classic Indian. In 1999 Indian motorcycle were again produced, this

time by the Indian Motorcycle Corporation. This was not the same company but it did

have rights to the Indian name and trademarks.

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 We present here a look at Indian models from the first prototype model in 1901

to the present as provided by About.com members. A gallery called “58 years of Indian “

is provided that gives a picture and description for each model year from 1901 to 2003.of

this article discusses the founding and early growth of the Indian Motorcycle

Company .Note the spelling here of “motorcycle “ instead of “motorcycle “. The term

“motorcycle “ was an archaic word used in the nineteenth century to denote any horseless

carriage. Indian wanted to distinguish itself from the competition by using the older word.

Historical Industry Development

India is the second largest manufacturer and producer of two-wheeler in the

world. It stands next only to japan and China in terms of the number of two-wheelers

produced and domestic sales respectively. This distinction was achieved due to variety of

reasons like restrictive policy followed by the Government of India towards the passenger

car industry, rising demand for personal transport, inefficiency in the transportation

system etc.

The Indian two-wheeler industry made a small beginning in the early 50s when

Automobile Products of India (API) starts manufacturing scooters in the country. Until

1958,API and Enfield were the sole producers.

In 1948, Bajaj Auto began trading in imported Vespa scooters and three-

wheelers. Finally, in 1960, it set up a shop to manufacture them in technical collaboration

with Piaggio of Italy .The agreement expired in 1971.

In the initial stages , API dominated the scooters segment ;Bajaj Auto later

overtook it. Although various government and private enterprises entered the fry for

scooters, the only new player that has lasted till today is LML.

Under the regulated regime, foreign companies were not allowed to operate In

India. It was a complete seller market with the waiting period for getting a scooter from

Bajaj Auto being as high as 12 years.

The motorcycles segment was no different, with only three manufactures viz

Enfield, Ideal Jawa and Escorts. While Enfield bullet was a four stroke bike, Jawa and the

34
Rajdoot were two-stroke bikes. The motor cycle segment was initially dominated by

Enfield 350cc bike and Escorts 175cc bikes.

The two-wheeler market opened to foreign competition in the mid-80s, and the

then market leaders-Escorts and Enfield- were caught unaware by the onslaught of the

100cc bikes of the Indo-Japanese joint ventures. With the availability of fuel-efficient low

power bikes, demand swelled, resulting in Hero Honda- then the only producer of four

stroke bikes(100cc category), gaining a top slot.

The first Japanese motorcycles were introduced in the early eighties. TVS Suzuki

and Hero Honda brought in the first two-stroke and four-stroke engine motorcycles

respectively. These two-players initially started with assembly of CKD kits, and later on

progressed to indigenous manufacturing. In the 90s the major growth of motorcycle

segment was brought in by bicycles, which grew at a rate of nearly 25 percent CAGR in

the last five years.

The Industry had a smooth ride in the 50s, 60s, and 70s when the government

prohibited new entries and strictly controlled capacity expansion. The industry was a

sudden growth in the 80s. The industry witnessed a steady growth of 14 percent leading

to a peak volume of 1.9mn vehicles in 199.

The entry of Kinetic Honda in mid-eighties with a variometric scooter helped in

providing ease of use to the sooter owners. This helped in including youngsters and

working women, towards buying scooters, who were earlier, inclined towards moped

purchases. In the 90s, this trend was reversed with the introduction of scooterettes. In line

with this the scooter segment has consistently lost its part of the market share in the two-

wheeler market.

In 1990, the entire automobile industry saw a drastic fall in demand. This resulted

in a decline of 15% in 1991 and 8% in 1992, resulting in a production loss of 0.4mn

vehicles. Barring Hero Honda, all the major producers suffered from recession in FY93

and FY94. Hero Honda showed a marginal decline in 1992.

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 The reasons for recession in the sector were in the incessant rise in fuel price, high

input costs and reduced purchasing power due to signify\cant rise in general price level

and credit crunch in consumer financing, Factors like increased production in 1992, due

to new entrants’ couple with the recession in the industry resulted in companies either

reporting losses or fall in profits.

India is one of the very few countries manufacturing three-wheelers in the world.

It is the world’s largest manufacturer and seller of three-wheelers, Bajaj Auto Commands

a monopoly in the domestic market with a market share of above 80% the rest is shared

by Bajaj Tempo, Greaves Ltd and scooters India.

The total number of registered two-wheelers and three-wheelers on road India, as

on March 31, 1998 was 27.9mn and 1.7mn respectively. The two-wheeler population has

almost doubled in 1996 from base of 12.6mn in 1990.

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COMPANY PROFILE

37
 COMPANY PROFILE

TVS Group

The TVS Group was established in 1911 by Sri. T V Sundaram Iyengar. As one

of India’s largest industrial entities. It epitomizes Trust, Value and Service.

TVS Motor Company

TVS Motor Company Limited is the Third largest two wheeler manufacturer in

India and amongst the top ten in the world.

Milestones

The company has been in the fore front in the Indian two wheeler market right

from the launch of the first moped on Indian roads to many new products launched this

year.

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Leadership

At the helm of the company is Mr. Venu Srinivasan, Chairman and Managing

director of the Company.

Awards

TVS is the only 2 wheeler company in the world to have received the coveted

Deming prize. All our processes are Deming Certified.

Net Work

TVS Motor Company has one of the most extensive net works with over 500

dealers and 2500 customers touch points.

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R&D

The TVS Motor company R & D team has a strong pool of technical talent

supported by state of the art infrastructure capable of developing new and innovative

designs.

Quality

At TVS Motor Company Quality is a Way of Life.

Information Technology

TVS Motor Company has established an e-business system, which maximizes

company values and profits through transformation.

Social Responsibility

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 To give back to society, TVS Motor Company has formed and funded the

Srinivasan Services trust to undertake all activities relating to community development.

THE TVS Group

The TVS Group was established in 1911 by Shri. T V Sundram Iyenger. As one
of the India’s largest industrial entities it epitomizes Trust, Value and Service.
Today, there are over thirty companies in the TVS Group, employing more than
40, 000 people worldwide and with a turnover in excess of USD 2.2 billion. With steady
growth, expansion and diversification, TVS commands a strong presence in
manufacturing of two-wheelers, auto components and computer peripherals. We also
have vibrant businesses in the distribution of heavy commercial vehicles passenger’s
cars, finance and insurance.
TVS Suzuki, a joint venture between the TVS group and Suzuki Motors of Japan,
was the first Indo-Japanese motorcycle venture in India. The TVS Group has been in the
business of auto components since the 70’s.
It started manufacturing mopeds in the early 80 as a part of Sundram Clayton Ltd,
a group of company. The moped business was transferred to TVS in 1987 at a
consiradation of Rs 320 mn. The company passed through a host of problems such as cost
escalations, teething problems with new product, labor problems(100 day lockout in
1990), marketing short comings etc., the problems were compounded by a severe
recession in 1991-92. The company made one of the most remarkable turnaround with the
help of a management consultant. The restructuring involved pruning of labor force,
major cuts in fixed overheads, value engineering dealer network revamp and a number of

41
new models. It started manufacturing Suzuki 100cc motorcycles in 1984. The TVS
employees around 1800 workers. The JV with Suzuki has been called off in FY02.
Group
TVS belongs to Madras based TVS Group founded by T V Sundram. Sundram
Clayton, the flagship company of the group is in the business of auto components and
owned a controlling stake of 32.47 percent in TVS. The Suzuki Motor Company held
25.97 percent stake. TVS has acquired Suzuki’s 25.97 percent stake after the fall off of
the JV at a price of Rs 15 per share for Rs 90mn. TVS Group now holds about 58 percent
of the Rs 230mn equity of TVS Motor Company.
Subsidiary
TVS has one subsidiary Lakshmi Auto Components Ltd. Which has facilities for
matching and manufacture of some parts like crankshaft, Connecting rods and gears?
LAC manufactures mainly for the parent company. TVS has a 65 percent stake in the
company.

Plant Locations
TVS first plant is located at Hosur, in the state of Tamilandu. Recently after
parting ways with SMC The Company has planned to enhance the production of ‘Victor’.
Its first indigenous motorbike at its Hosur plant. TVS has setup a second plant at
Byathahalli village near Mysore about 70kms from Bangalore (Karnataka) for
manufacture of scooters. The facility is equipped to produce 5, 00,000 scooters but with
the sales hovering at 1.45 lakh units a year, the consiradable spare capacity at the plant is
being used for the production of scooters.

TVS MOTOR COMPANY

World Class Facilities

TVS Motor Company Ltd, the flagship company of the USD 2.2 billion TVS
Group, is the third largest two wheeler manufacturer in India and among the top ten
in the world, with an annual turnover of over USD 650 million.
The year 1980 is one to be remembered for the Indian two wheeler industry, with
the roll out of TVS 50, Indian first two seater Moped that ushered in an era of affordable

42
personal transportation. For the Indian Auto mobile sector, it was a break through to be
etched in history.
TVS Motor Company is the first two wheeler manufacturer in the world to be
honored with the hallmark of Japanese Quality – The Deming Prize for total quality
management.
In the future, TVS Motors Company will be one among the top two 2-wheeler
companies in India and one among the top five 2-wheeler companies in Asia. We will
have profitable operations overseas, especially in Asian markets, capitalizing on our
expertise in the areas of manufacturing, technology and marketing. The company will
hone and sustain its cutting edge of technology by constant benchmarking against
international leaders.
TQM will be a way of life and guide all our endeavors.

Amalgamation:
The erstwhile TSL (transferor company), under a scheme of amalgamation,
amalgamated with Sundaram Auto Engineers (India) Limited (transferee company).
The scheme of amalgamation was approved by the shareholders of both the
companies. The scheme was approved by the High Court of Madras by its order dated 10th
December 1999. As per the scheme, all these assets and liabilities of erstwhile TSL
together with all obligations and contingent liabilities were vested in Sundaram Auto
Engineers Ltd with effect from 22nd April 1999. The transferor company also dissolved by
an order of High court of Madras dated 16th March 2000.
The scheme has become effective from 24th April 2000, the day on which the
order dissolving the transferor company was filed with the register of companies, Tamil
Nadu.
As per the order of the High Court, the company has also changed its name from
Sundaram Auto Engineers (India) Ltd to TVS-Suzuki Ltd by a special resolution passed
by the shareholders of the company on 24th April 2000 which was approved by the
register of companies and a certificate of name change was issued by the Register of
companies, Tamilnadu on 25th April 2000.
As per the scheme of amalgamation, the entire business of the transferor company
namely, erstwhile TSL was vested in the transferee company with effect from 22 nd April
1999. During the period from 22nd April 1999 to 31st March 2000, the business was
carried on by the transferor company as agents and trustees of the transferee company.

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The operations of the transferor company for the period 1 st April 1999 to 21st April 1999
which resulted in a net profit of Rs 193.8mn has been separately shown in the head, Profit
and Loss Account.
The record date for issue and allotment of equity shares of the company to the
shareholders of transferor Company viz, erstwhile TVS-Suzuki Ltd in the ratio of one
equity share for every one share held by them in the company was fixed as 6 th June2000.
The new share certificates were issued for those who surrendered their old certificates.

Milestones:
India’s first 2 seater 50cc Moped TVS50, launched in Aug 1980.

First Indian company to introduce 100cc Indo-Japanese motorcycles in Sept 1984.

Launched India’s first introduce Scooterette (sub 100cc variomatic scooters), TVS

Scooty in June 1994.

Introduced India’s first catalytic converter enabled motorcycle, the 110cc Shogun in Dec

1996.

Launched India’s first 5-speed motorcycle, the Shaolin in Oct 1997.

Launched TVS Fiero, India’s first 150cc, 4 stroke motorcycles in April 2000.

Launched TVS Victor , 4 stroke 110cc motorcycle, in August 2001, India’s first fully

indigenously designed and manufactured motorcycle.

Launched TVS Centra in January 2004, a world class 4-stroke 100cc motorcycle with

the revolutionary VT-I Engines for best-in-class mileage.

Launched TVS Star in Sept 2004, a 100cc motorcycle which is ideal for rough terrain.

TVS Motor Company (TVS) launches new 125cc, 4-stroke Victor GLX motorcycle in
Chennai on May 02, 2004

TVS Motor Company introduced its entry-level 4-stroke motorcycle - TVS Star - in the
Kerala market on 2005

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TVS Motor Company launches TVS Centra VT-i, a variant of its four-stroke 100cc model
TVS Centra on May 6,2005

TVS Motor rolls out two motorcycle variants named Victor EDGE, StaR City and Scooty
Pep plus on 2006.

TVS Motor Company launched a new version of 125 cc Victor GLX with an electric start
option on 2007.

TVS launched TVS APACHE 160 on 2007.

TVS Motor Co has rolled out seven new vehicles, including its first three-wheeler and a
new 125 cc bike, aimed at gaining lost share in a highly competitive market on 2007.

TVS launched TVS FLAME 125 on 2008

TVS Motor Company launched Scooty Streak, which is its latest scooterette targeted at
girls of 16 to 20 age group on 2008.

TVS Motor Company entered the 110 cc segment by unveiling 2 brand new products, an
auto-clutch motorcycle and an automatic scooter on 2009.

TVS launched TVS APACHE 180 In the year of 2009

TVS Motor Company has launched India's first auto-clutch motorcycle- TVS Jive, in
Chandigarh 2010.

TVS Motor Company has developed an engine that is 20 per cent more fuel efficient and
is usable both in scooters and motorcycles in 2014.

TVS introduced for TVS MAX4R in the year of 2015.

TVS launched JUPITER and WEGO on 2015, these models for the purpose of the laddies
under the year of 16 to 25.

Launched STAR CITY, SPORT is introduced year of 2016.

Launched SKOOTY PEP +, XL HD-STROKE on 2016.

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Awards

Mr. Venu Srinivasan, was conferred with the prestigious JRD Tata Corporate
Leadership Award for the year 2004.
The Deming Prize
TVS Motor Company is the only two-wheeler company in the world to be
awarded the world’s

Technology Award 2002 from Ministry of Science, Government of India for the
successful commercialization of indigenous technology for TVS Victor.
TPM Excellence Award-First Category by Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance

Star of Asia Award to Mr. Venu Srinivasan , CMD TVS Motors Company bu
Business Week International.
Venu Srinivasan, Chairman and Managing Director, TVS Motor Company was
Honored with Doctorate in Science by University of Warwick, United Kingdom.

Asia Network For Quality Award 2004

TVS Scooty Pep won the Prestigious ‘Outstanding Design Excellence Award’
from Business world and National Institute of Design.
TEAM TECH 2007 Award - TVS Motor Company bags TEAM TECH 2007
Award of Excellence for Integrated use of Computer Aided Engineering technologies.

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 SAP ACE AWARD 2007 - The company won the SAP ACE 2007 Award for
Customer Excellence in the Most Innovative Netweaver Category.
The 'Good Advertising' award by Auto India Best Brand Awards 2009.

TPM Excellence Award 2008 - First category by Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance
(JiPm) .
Progressive Manufacturer 100 Award - TVS wins coveted 2009 Progressive
Manufacturer 100 Award for end-to-end automation of the entire business process of its
lubricant brand, TVS TRU4.

TVS Motor Company Ltd is a winner of the CII ITC Sustainability Awards 2015,
Certificate of Commendation for Significant Achievement.

Management:
Emerging Corporate Giant in the Private Sector awarded by The Economic
Times and The Harvard Business School Association of India.
Best Managed Company Award from Business today, one of the India’s
leading business magazines.
Most Investor Friendly Company from Business today, one of the India’s
leading business magazines.

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 COMPANY PROFILE

1. Name and Address of the company : SRI SAI AUTO MOBILES

2. Name and status of the Contact person : JAYA SIMHA RDDY

3. Year of Establish : 1996

4. Our Banker : State Bank of India

5. No of Workers : 70

6. Raw Material: Spare parts

The company was started in the year 1996. The company has used modern techniques in

marketing like financial loans with help of Ashok Leyland, TATA, Cholamandalam etc.,

At the same time the company had the motto of achieving the optimum quality.

Under the leadership of present Marketing Director, Sri G. Jaya Simha Reddy and his

committed staff, the company’s business was progressed and a new marketing strategy

was introduced such a promotion of products in creating good will on quality.

OBJECTIVE: To sell quality products at responsible price.

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LIST OF MAJOR SPARE PARTS SUPPLIED
1. Set full Tank

2. Meter Assy combination

3. Puller Assy magneto

4. Battery Assy

5. Frame Assy AT

6. Wheel Rim Plated

7. Fender FR Black

8. Set Front RR Visor

9. Light Assy Head

10. Wheel Hab front

11. Key Set

12. Cushion Assy

13. Rim wheel

14. Shok Absorbers

15. Pump Assy oil

16. Needle Jet

17. Tool set

18. Plate Clutch

19. Pipe Steering Handle

20. Shoe Comp Brake

21. Gear Compressor Speedometer

22. Cable Camp

23. Clu Chain

24. Seal Value Steam

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25. Mirror Assy Rear Back

26. Lever Left Strong Handle

27. Boot FR Fork

28. Cable Camp. Throttle

29. Key Black Type 1

30. Contact Assy Natural

31. Spring Break Pedal

32. Front Fork Oil seal

33. Tool Bag

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 Organization Chart of SRI SAI TVS
MANAGING DIRECTOR

GENERAL MANAGER

SERVICE ACCOUNTS SPARES CLERK PRODUCTS

SUPERVISOR SALES EXECUTIVE SALES EXECTUIVE

TECHNICANS

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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 WHAT IS RESEARCH?

Marketing research is systematic gathering, recording, and analysis of data about

marketing problems to facilitate decision maker.
The American association has given the same definition but they also emphasize
on the systematic research rather than convenient research. The data are
objectively and accurate gathered, record and analyzed.
There are research are done for the solving any type the problem there are not
done any types of the research so defining the problem is the first step for any
type of the research.
Then there are taken the literature review about the solving the problem that
which research design is useful to solve out the problem.
By that data there are done analysis & after that there are we get the result to
solve out the problem so this is the process of the research.
By this way process we can solved out the problem which is accurse into the any
type of the firm & best and positive results from this research process.

Research process
 Formulating the research problem
 Preparing the research design
 Determining the sample design
 Collecting the data
 Analysis of the data
 Preparation of the report

RESEARCH DESIGN
A research design is a frame work or blue print for conducting the marketing
research project. Research design is an important and the vital part of the
research. It details the procedures necessary for obtaining the information
needed to structure or solve marketing problems. Research design provides an
excellent framework for the research plan of action.

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 Types of Research Design

Exploratory research helps determine the best research design, data

collection method and selection of subjects. It should draw definitive conclusions
only with extreme caution. Hence my research design is exploratory design.

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 SOURCES OF DATA

Data collection is the main thing for doing the research. It is main thing that now
we can get the data from the market. If we can collect right and effective data
than our research plan and objective are easily satisfied and we can get the
positive result.
But there are some mistakes in the research for data collection than we cannot
find the right conclusion and we can get the negative result.
For the data collection, I have used the questionnaire instrument. A questionnaire
consists of the set of the question presented to the respondents for their answers.
From the questionnaire we can get perfect feeding of the consumer.
The data are the 2 types which are as under.
1) Primary Data

2) Secondary Data

Sources of Data

Primary Data Secondary Data

1) Primary Data: Primary data is the data which are fresh and collected for the
first time, and are original in character. There are various Primary data collection
techniques, which have helped in data gathering.

The primary data collection techniques used in the project is as follows

 Personal Interview Method
 Survey Method
 Questionnaire Method
 Observation Method
 Experimentation Method

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2) Secondary Data: Secondary data are those data, which have been already
collected or published for the purpose other than specific research need at
hand .This data is simply used up by the researcher for his purpose of collected
the data and its use is now not the same.

The secondary data sources here in this project are:-

 Magazines
 Websites
 Review of Literature

DATA SELECTION
For this research report, I have collect the primary data base because through
the primary data base we can conclude or get the exactly or final result for our
report.
Primary Data: Questionnaire
Secondary Data: Journals, Review of literature

POPULATION OF STUDY
Meaning Of Population: The aggregate of all the elements sharing some
common set of characteristics, comprising the universe for the purpose of the
marketing researcher problem.

For this research report I have taken the population of Thaltej, Memnagar,
Satelight, Bodakdev, Bopal, Navrangpura, Prahlad Nagar, Narnpura, Aashram
Road, and Paldi.

SAMPLE SIZE
Meaning of Sample: A subgroup of the elements of the population selected for
the participation in the study.
My research work sample size is 100 because my project information provider
Mr. Krunal Odedara has assigned me this number of sample size.

56
 TOOLS & TECHNIQUE
CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION:
In probability theory and statistics, the chi-squared distribution (also chi-
square or χ²-distribution) with k degrees of freedom is the distribution of a sum of
the squares of k independent standard normal random variables. It is a special
case of the gamma distribution and is one of the most widely used probability
distributions in inferential statistics, e.g., in hypothesis testing or in construction
of confidence intervals. When it is being distinguished from the more general non
central chi-squared distribution, this distribution is sometimes called the central
chi-squared distribution.

The chi-squared distribution is used in the common chi-squared

tests for goodness of fit of an observed distribution to a theoretical one,
the independence of two criteria of classification of qualitative data, and
in confidence interval estimation for a population standard deviation of a normal
distribution from a sample standard deviation. Many other statistical tests also
use this distribution, like Friedman's analysis of variance by ranks.

Definition of Chi- Square:

If Z1, ..., Zk are independent, standard normal random variables, then the sum of
their squares,

is distributed according to the chi-squared distribution with k degrees of freedom.

This is usually denoted as

The chi-squared distribution has one parameter: k — a positive integer that

specifies the number of degrees of freedom (i.e. the number of Zi’s)
The chi-squared distribution has numerous applications in inferential statistics, for
instance in chi-squared tests and in estimating variances. It enters the problem of
estimating the mean of a normally distributed population and the problem of
estimating the slope of a regression line via its role in Student’s t-distribution. It

57
enters all analysis of variance problems via its role in the F-distribution, which is
the distribution of the ratio of two independent chi-squared random variables,
each divided by their respective degrees of freedom.

Following are some of the most common situations in which the chi-squared
distribution arises from a Gaussian-distributed sample.

 If X1, ..., Xn are i.i.d. N(μ, σ2) random variables,

then where .

 The box below shows some statistics based on Xi ∼ Normal(μi, σ2i), i = 1,

⋯, k, independent random variables that have probability distributions related
to the chi-squared distribution:

Name Statistic

chi-squared distribution

noncentral chi-squared
distribution

chi distribution

noncentral chi distribution

58
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION

59
Q. 1 what is your educational qualification?

1. Under graduate
2. Graduate
3. Post Graduate
4. Other

3 4
2 4% 4%
16%

1
76%

INTERPRETATION:
From the sample size of 100, 76% if the people are Under Graduate, 16% of
the people are Graduate & 4% of the people are Post Graduate & other
category. This shows the literacy ratio of our country. Most of the people in
village area are illiterate.

60
Q. 2 What is your occupation ?

1. Business
2. Service
3. Profession
4. Student

1
2
4%
16%
3
4%

4
76%

INTERPRETATION:
From the sample size of 100, 4% of the people are having their own
business, 16% of the people are doing service, 4% of the people are
professionals & 76% of the people are studying.

61
Q.3 Have you prefer to watch an advertisement ?

1. Yes
2. No

2
4%

1
96%

INTERPRETATION:
From the 100 samples surveyed, 96% of the people watch the
advertisements, which is a good sign to concentrate more on advertising,
which is one of the major sales promotion tools to create the awareness as
well as to increase the sales. While only 4% of them are not interested in
watching the advertisements.

62
Q.4 If yes, from the following parameters which do you prefer in
an advertisement ?

1. Color Combination
2. Brand Ambassador / Model
3. Advertising Theme
4. Product Quality / Features
5. Price

5 1
16% 12% 2
8%

4
24%
3
40%

INTERPRETATION:
From the above chart shows that 40% of people give first
preference to advertising theme while 24%,16%,12%,8% of people
give second, third, fourth, & fifth preference to price, color
combination, brand ambassador / model respectively.

63
Q.5 Do you have any bike ?

1. Yes
2. No

2
16%

1
84%

INTERPRETATION:
The above chart shows that 84% of the people are having two wheelers
while only 16% comes in the category of not having two wheeler.

Q.6 Do you watch an advertisement of RAJ TVS.

64
 1. Yes
2. No

2
8%

1
92%

INTERPRETATION:
The above chart shows that 92% of the people have watched the
advertisement & 8% of the people still don’t watch the advertisement of RAJ
TVS..

Q.7 If yes, from the following parameters which one of the parameter
you like in an advertisement of RAJ TVS.?

65
 1. Color combination
2. Brand ambassador/ Model
3. Advertisement theme
4. Product quality/ Features

4 1
24% 16%

2
20%
3
40%

INTERPRETATION:
From the above chart we can get idea about the parameters that 40% of the
people like the advertising theme while 24% of the people like the product
quality in the advertisement of RAJ TVS.. 20% & 16% of the people like
model & colour combination.

Q.8 Do you think language is more important in any advertisement ?

66
 1. Yes
2. No

2
24%

1
76%

INTERPRETATION:
From the above chart we can see that 76% of the people believe that
language is more important in any advertisement while 24% of people
believe that language is not more important in any advertisement.

Q.9 From where have you heard about RAJ TVS. ?

1. Friends & Relatives

67
 2. Advertisement
3. Demonstration
4. Show Rooms

4
0% 3
1
0%
24%

2
76%

INTERPRETATION:
As Television is the most effective medium of advertising, we can see that
the major part of the samples surveyed i.e. 76% have seen the advertisement
of RAJ TVS. on Television, 24% have heard about it from their friends,
while no person ever seen the demonstration of RAJ TVS. anywhere.

68
Q.10 During which time would you prefer to see an advertisement of RAJ
TVS. ?

1. Morning
2. Evening
3. Afternoon
4. Night

1
0% 2
32%

4
60% 3
8%

INTERPRETATION:
Time is as important factor to be considered at the time of deciding any
advertisement plan. So out of the total samples surveyed, majority of the
people i.e. 60% prefer to see the advertisement of RAJ TVS. during night
while 32% want to see the advertisement in the evening & 8% want to see
the advertisement in the afternoon and morning follows by 0% of the sample
size.

69
Q.11 From the following channels in which channel would you like to see
an advertisement of RAJ TVS. ?

1. Star Plus
2. Zee
3. Sony
4. Espn
5. Star Sports
6. Other

6
1
16%
28%
5
12%

4 2
8% 12%
3
24%

INTERPRETATION:
From the above chart we can get idea about the channel in which the
consumer would like to see the advertise of RAJ TVS.. 28% of people would
like to see the advertise in Star plus, 24% in Sony, 16% in Other, 12% in
Star Sports & Zee, 8% in Espn.

70
Q. 12 From the following parameters which parameter do you not like in an
advertisement of RAJ TVS. ?

1. Color
2. Picture
3. Language
4. Theme
5. Slogan

5
1
4 8%
24%
16%

3
8%
2
44%

INTERPRETATION :
From given sample size 44% of people don’t like the picture while 24%
don’t like the colour, 16% don’t like the theme & 8% don’t like the slogan
and language of the advertisement of RAJ TVS..

71
Q.13 What should be the class of customers to whom the appeal of an
advertisement of RAJ TVS. ?

1. Lower Class
2. Middle Class
3. Upper Class

1
8%
3
36%

2
56%

INTERPRETATION :
The above chart makes it clear that out of the total samples surveyed, 56% of
the people say that advertisement of the RAJ TVS. would be more effective
if the appeal is make to the Middle Class people. While 36% believe that
appeal should be make to the Upper Class people & Lower Class follows by
just 8%.

72
Q.14 How is the over all quality of an advertisement of RAJ TVS.?

1. Effective
2. Not Effective
3. Some What Fair

1
3
44%
48%

2
8%

INTERPRETATION:
From above chart shows that 48% of the people say that advertisement of
RAJ TVS. is some what fair. 44% of the people say that advertisement is
effective while 8% of the people say that advertisement is not effective.

73
 Q.15 Advertisement policy of RAJ TVS. Company is good ?

1. Strongly Agree
2. Strongly Disagree
3. Agree
4. Disagree
5. Neither Agree Nor Disagree

5 1 2
16% 8% 0%
4
8%

3
68%

INTERPRETATION:
Out of the total samples surveyed, majority of the people i.e. 68% agree that
advertising policy of RAJ TVS. is No. 1. 8% people extremely agree this
while 16% of them are neither agree nor disagree about being the advertising
policy of RAJ TVS. No. 1 & 4% of them are totally disagree about this while
0% are strongly disagree & do not believe that advertising policy of RAJ
TVS. is No. 1.

74
SUGGESTIONS

75
 SUGGESTIONS

 The company should arrange the road shows in metro cities.

 The company should give advertisement of RAJ TVS in all the

advertising medias.

 The company should show good qualities of RAJ TVS in comparison

of the other bikes.

 The company should mention the after sales services provided by

them in the advertisement of RAJ TVS

 They should make the advertisement by using one of the best pairs of
the bollywood.

 They should show in their advertisement that RAJ TVS is affordable

for middle class people.

 They should display the hoardings of RAJ TVS at the petrol pumps,
bus stations, railway station etc.

 It is shown in the advertisement of RAJ TVS that it gives more

mileage with less cost in comparison of the other bikes.

 They can also display the public reviews about the RAJ TVS in the
advertisement.

76
CONCLUSION

77
 CONCLUSION

To sum up, TVS Motors has a huge mass of incredibly innovative products providing
enough options. The Company has the advantage of the brand trust of thousands in India.
It has been updated with technology although not the most advanced but not behind as
well; however, TVS Motors lacks marketing tactics and strategy.
This case study concluded that TVS Motors is weak in marketing, but with a huge
increase in the automotive industry. There is a very high competition where marketing
plays a crucial role-taking advantage of technology not merely in this industry in which
every other company is focusing on digital marketing to rise ahead of each other. If you
are also interested in learning digital marketing and its different aspects, do check out top-
class courses offered by IIDE.
Liked the blog? If you want to read more such case studies on digital marketing, do check
out IIDE Knowledge Portal.
Thank you for taking the time to read the blog, share your thoughts in the comments
section below.

78
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Corporate Finance: The Basics – Terence C.M. Tse

Corporate Finance: Theory and Practice – Pierre Vernimmen, Pascal

Quiry, Maurizio Dallochio, Yann Le Fur, and Antonio Salvi

Company journals

Magazines and News papers

https://www.justdial.com/Varanasi/Raj-Tvs-Adjoining-Rangoli-Garden-

Shivpur/0542PX542-X542-170112131239-R7Q5_BZDET

https://www.tvsmotor.com/

79
QUESTIONNAIRE

80
 QUESTIONNAIRE

1. Name :-
__________________________________________________

2. Address :-
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

3. Age :-
( ) 18 to 20 ( ) 30 to 40

( ) 21 to 30 ( ) Above 40

4. Education :-
( ) Under Graduate ( ) Post Graduate

( ) Graduate ( ) Other

5. Occupation : -
( ) Business ( ) Service

( ) Profession ( ) Student

6. Have you prefer to watch an advertisement?

( ) Yes ( ) No

7. If yes, from the following parameters which do you prefer in

advertisement?
( ) Color Combination ( ) Brand Ambassador/Model

( ) Advertising Theme ( ) Product Quality/Features

( ) Price

8. Do you have any bike?

( ) Yes ( ) No

9. Do you watch an advertisement of RAJ TVS?

( ) Yes ( ) No

81
10.If yes, from the following parameters which one of the parameter you
like in an Advertisement of RAJ TVS
( ) Color Combination ( ) Brand Ambassador/Model

( ) Advertising Theme ( ) Product Quality/Features

11.Do you think language is more important in any advertisement?

( ) Very important ( ) Not important

( ) Important

12.From where have you heard about RAJ TVS?

( ) Friends & Relatives ( ) Advertisement

( ) Demonstration ( ) Show rooms

13.During which time would you prefer to see the advertisement of RAJ
TVS?
( ) Morning ( ) Evening

( ) Afternoon ( ) Night

14.From the following channels in which channel would you like to see
the advertisement of RAJ TVS ?
( ) Star plus ( ) Zee

( ) Sony ( ) Espn

( ) Star sports ( ) other

15.From the following parameters which parameter do you not like in

the advertisement of RAJ TVS?
( ) Color ( ) Picture ( ) Language

( ) Theme ( ) Slogan

16.What should be the class of consumers to whom the appeal of

advertisement of RAJ TVS should be made?
( ) Lower class ( ) Middle class

( ) Upper class

82
17.How is the over all quality of advertisement of RAJ TVS?
( ) Effective ( ) Not effective

( ) Some what fair

18.Advertising policy of RAJ TVS is good.

( ) Strongly agree ( ) strongly disagree

( ) Agree ( ) Disagree

( ) Neither agree nor disagree

19.Suggestions:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________

83