Chapter 6

Dynamics
introduction
 Dynamics is branch of mechanics which
deals with motion of bodies under actions
of forces.
 Dynamics has two distinct parts:
- Kinematics: Which is study of the motion
without reference to forces which cause
motion.
- Kinetics: Which relates the action of
forces on bodies to their resulting
motions.
Kinematics of Particles
Kinematics of Particles
 Constant Acceleration
 Kinematics of Particles
 Acceleration Given as a Function of Time, a= ƒ(t)
Rectilinear motion
 Problem 1
 The position coordinate of a particle which
is confined to move along a straight line is
given by:
s = 2t3 - 24t + 6, where s is measured in
meters from a convenient origin and t is in
seconds. Determine:
(a) the time required for the particle to reach
a velocity of 72 m/s from its initial
condition at t = 0.
(b) the acceleration of the particle when v =
30 m/s.
(c) the net displacement of the particle during
the interval from t = 1 s to t = 4 s.
Solution
 Problem 2
 A particle moves along the x-axis with an
initial velocity vx =50 ft/sec at the origin
when t = 0. For the first 4 seconds it has no
acceleration, and there after it is acted on
by a retarding force which gives it a
constant acceleration ax = 10 ft/sec2
 Calculate the velocity and the x-coordinate
of the particle for the conditions of t =8
sec and t = 12 sec and find the maximum
positive x-coordinate reached by the
particle.
Solution
 Plane curvilinear motion
 Rectangular Coordinates(x , y)
 Problem 3
 The curvilinear motion of a particle is
defined by vx = 50 -16t and y= 100 -
4t2, where vx is in meters per second, y
is in meters, and t is in seconds. It is
also known that x= 0 when t = 0. Plot
the path of the particle and determine
its velocity and acceleration when the
position y = 0 is reached.
Problem 3
Plane curvilinear motion
 Problem 4
 A team of engineering students designs a medium-size catapult
which launches 8-lb steel spheres. The launch speed is vo =80 ft/s.
The launch angle is Ɵ=35◦ above the horizontal, and the launch
position is 6 ft above ground level. The students use an athletic
field with an adjoining slope topped by an 8-ft fence as shown.
Determine:
(a) the x-y coordinates of the point of first impact
(b) the time duration tf of the flight
(c) the maximum height h above the horizontal field attained by the
ball
(d) the velocity (expressed as a vector) with which the projectile
strikes the ground
Problem 4
 Plane curvilinear motion
Normal and tangential coordinates(t-n)
Normal and tangential coordinates(t-n)
 Problem 5
 To anticipate the dip and hump in the road,
the driver of a car applies brakes to produce
a uniform deceleration. His speed is 100
km/h at the bottom A of the dip and 50
km/h at the top C of the hump, which is 120
m along the road from A. If the passengers
experience a total acceleration of 3 m/s2
at A and if the radius of curvature of the
hump at C is 150 m, calculate (a) the radius
of curvature at A, (b) the acceleration at
the inflection point B, and (c) the total
acceleration at C.
Solution
KINETICS OF PARTICLES
 Newton’s Second Law :
F= m a
 Equation of Motion
KINETICS OF PARTICLES
 Rectilinear Motion
 KINETICS – Problem 6
A 75-kg man stands on a spring
scale in an elevator. During the
first 3 seconds
of motion from rest, the
tension T in the hoisting cable
is 8300 N. Find the
reading R of the scale in
newtons during this interval
and the upward velocity v
of the elevator at the end of
the 3 seconds. The total mass
of the elevator, man, and scale
is 750 kg.
Problem 7
 A small inspection car with a mass of 200 kg runs along
the fixed overhead cable and is controlled by the
attached cable at A. Determine the acceleration of the
car when the control cable is horizontal and under a
tension T = 2.4 kN. Also find the total force P exerted by
the supporting cable on the wheels.
Problem 8
 The design model for a new ship has a mass of 10 kg and
is tested in an experimental towing tank to determine its
resistance to motion through the water at various speeds.
The test results are plotted on the accompanying graph,
and the resistance R may be closely approximated by the
dashed parabolic curve shown. If the model is released
when it has a speed of 2 m/s, determine the time t
required for it to reduce its speed to 1 m/s and the
corresponding travel distance x.
Problem 8
 Problem 9
 The 250-lb concrete block A is released from rest in the
position shown and pulls the 400-lb log up the 30◦ ramp. If
the coefficient of kinetic friction between the log and the
ramp is 0.5, determine the velocity of the block as it hits the
ground at B.
Problem 10
KINETICS OF PARTICLES
 Work and Energy method
 Work and Energy method
Work Associated with a Constant
External Force
Work and Energy method
Work Associated with Weight
Principle of Work and Kinetic Energy
Problem 11
 Calculate the velocity v of the 50-kg crate when it
reaches the bottom of the chute at B if it is given an
initial velocity of 4 m/s down the chute at A. The
coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.30.
 Problem 12
 The power winch A hoists the 800-lb log
up the 30 incline at a constant speed of
4 = ft/sec. If the power output of the
winch is 6 hp, compute the coefficient of
kinetic friction k between the log and
the incline. If the power is suddenly
increased to 8 hp, what is the
corresponding instantaneous
acceleration a of the log?
horsepower (550 ft.lb/sec)

Power= T x v
Problem 12
 Problem 13
The flatbed truck, which carries an 80-kg crate, starts from
rest and attains a speed of 72 km/h in a distance of 75 m on
a level road with constant acceleration. Calculate the work
done by the friction force acting on the crate during this
interval if the static and kinetic coefficients of friction
between the crate and the truck bed are
(a) 0.30 and 0.28, respectively,
or (b) 0.25 and 0.20, respectively.