Heavenly Elixir 1

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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

In the present time, it’s becoming more and more common for people to

deal with body pain and a lack of relaxation. This often happens because their

lifestyle has become very hectic, as they are very busy with their schedules for

the whole day and are involved in either light or heavy tasks. What makes it

even trickier is that there are underlying health issues, like stress and headaches,

that add to the struggle of coping with these discomforts. Massage oils have

become important for these people, as they are widely used for therapeutic

purposes to reduce pain of different body parts and have many applications,

such as nourishing the skin and promoting sleep and relaxation. According to

Concorde (2020), the field of massage has massively influenced the world and

has consistently gained popularity over the years due to its diverse benefits.

However, the cost of a massage session can be prohibitively expensive

for some people, like workers, potentially preventing them from addressing their

bodily discomforts, headaches, and stress and accessing the relaxation they

need. Consequently, people could end up buying commercialized massage oils,

which may be expensive, and may include false claims of benefits, and contain

harmful chemicals. This might lead them to overlook the potential risks, putting

their health in danger.


Thus, the researchers came up with the idea of making homemade

massage oil using the Makabuhay plant and Ylang-ylang. The crafted homemade

massage oil from these two natural extracts would be safer and more cost-

effective, which may provide a warming sensation and a heavenly fragrance that

will truly alleviate body discomfort, and promote sleep and relaxation.

According to Morales (2022), massage oils are used to lubricate the skin

to reduce friction while performing a massage, helping to give a smooth glide to

the skin surface. It also produces aromas that can further the relaxation and

beneficial effects of massage. The commercialization of massage oils is often

associated with high costs, false claims about their benefits, and the fact that

they may contain chemicals that may lead to several skin infections and allergies.

Consequently, health professionals recommend homemade massage oils infused

with several natural plant extracts, which can indeed be a safer, cheaper

alternative to commercially bought ones (Allied Market Research, 2014). The

attraction of medicinal and aromatic plants is continuously growing due to

increasing consumer demand and interest in these plants for various reasons,

including their potential therapeutic benefits, use in traditional medicine, herbal

remedies, natural cosmetics, and the fragrance industry (Fayoum, 2011). Among

those valued plants, our strong interest lies in two, the Makabuhay plant and

Ylang-ylang, which we are using to create our homemade massage oil.


Multiple studies have highlighted the potential health benefits of the

Makabuhay plant, such as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial

properties. As stated in an article in the Medical Health Guide (2011),

Makabuhay plant has traditionally been used to treat skin diseases, alleviate skin

itching, improves skin tone, and manage abdominal and joint pain. However, this

native and lesser-known Makabuhay plant may still harbor undiscovered potential

benefits and applications as a medicinal plant.

As for Ylang-ylang, according to Dorwart (2023), it is known for its

aroma's relaxing sedative effect. It has also been found to have mood-boosting,

stress-relieving, and antidepressant properties. However, in many cases, there is

a lack of knowledge and evidence regarding the crafting of massage oils from

these two plants, and research on massage oils tends to be more common for

well-studied plants like lavender, eucalyptus, or peppermint.

To create massage oil from the Makabuhay plant vines and Ylang-ylang

flowers, the process will begin by getting the ingredients in Poblacion,

Floridablanca, Pampanga. We will gather enough Makabuhay vines and Ylang-

ylang in the forests and then purchase 1 liter of mineral oil to use as a carrier oil.

After gathering our materials, we will now craft our massage oil by following a

careful series of steps. To start off, we will allow the Makabuhay plant vines and

the Ylang-ylang flower to dry for a few hours so that the moisture content will be

reduced.
Next, we will chop the dried vines and the flowers, preparing them to be

boiled in 5–6 hours at a low temperature together with the carrier oil, which is

mineral oil.

Carrier oil should be added to lessen the concentration of the massage oil

and facilitate its easy application to the skin when applied. Then, they will

undergo the process of infusion, and they are occasionally bruised to allow the

released oil from dried vines and flowers to infuse with the mineral oil. After a

thorough infusion period, we will strain the oil to remove the plant matter,

leaving behind a fragrant and concentrated massage oil blend. The proposed

homemade massage oil will then be compared, analyzed, and tested with the

commercialized massage oil. Office workers from Floridablanca Municipal Hall

may take part as respondents in this study, as they work extended hours and

experience physical and mental stress due to the demands of their jobs. They

can thus benefit from the proposed massage oil for body pain relief, promote

sleep and relaxation.

The researchers will use two plants to produce the proposed homemade

massage oil. The Makabuhay plant, which boasts sturdy vines and heart-shaped

leaves known for their resilience and traditional medicinal applications, and the

Ylang-ylang, known for its aromatic yellow flowers, perfect for extracting oils.

These two plants can be found along riverbanks and in forests, at Poblacion,

Floridablanca, Pampanga.
The goal of us, researchers, is to produce homemade massage oil using the

Makabuhay plant and Ylang-ylang and to test if it can be more effective than the

commercialized ones.

By utilizing these materials, we aim to enlighten others that creating natural

remedies, such as our homemade massage oil using natural ingredients, can be

a practical, affordable, and safe alternative to buying high-cost commercialized

ones. Additionally, it will give them insights into how beneficial and necessary

massages are for people like office workers. Consequently, it will inspire them to

make their own massage oil and use it for self-massage at home or in the

workplace, which may help address their health issues like body pain, muscle

tensions, and headaches and improve their work performance.


STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to observe and investigate the differences between

commercialized massage oil and the proposed homemade massage oil made out

of Makabuhay plant and Ylang-ylang.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. How may the commercialized massage oil be tested in terms of:

1.1 Efficiency,

1.2 Aroma,

1.3 Skin compatibility and

1.4 Consistency?

2. How may the proposed homemade massage oil made from Makabuhay plant

and Ylang-Ylang be tested in terms of:

2.1 Efficiency,

2.2 Aroma,

2.3 Skin compatibility and

2.4 Consistency?
3. Is there a significant difference between the commercialized massage oil and

the proposed Makabuhay plant and ylang-ylang massage oil in terms of

efficiency, aroma, skin compatibility, and consistency?

4. After the findings of the study, what alternative massage oil may be

proposed?

HYPOTHESIS

Ho1: There is no significant difference between the commercialized

massage oil and the proposed homemade massage oil made up of Makabuhay

plant and Ylang-ylang in terms of efficiency.

Ho2: There is no significant difference between the commercialized

massage oil and the proposed homemade massage oil made up of Makabuhay

plant and Ylang-ylang in terms of aroma.

Ho3: There is no significant difference between the commercialized

massage oil and the proposed homemade massage oil made up of Makabuhay

plant and Ylang-ylang in terms of skin compatibility.

Ho4: There is no significant difference between the commercialized

massage oil and the proposed homemade massage oil made up of Makabuhay

plant and Ylang-ylang in terms of consistency.


CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

• Analysis of • Utilization of • Proposal of a


homemade observable homemade
massage oil made checklist for massage oil made
out of Makabuhay testing the out of Makabuhay
plant and Ylang- materials. plant and Ylang-
ylang in terms of • Validation of the ylang.
efficiency, aroma, observable
skin compatibility, checklist for
and consistency? testing the
proposed material.
• Reading of
•Administration of
literatures and
the checklist and
studies for
conducting of the
conducting of tests.
tests. • Statistical
treatment. (t-test)

FEEDBACK

FIGURE 1. THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE RESEARCH


SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of this study will have a significant impact on the community.

The following are the benefactors that will benefit from this study:

OFFICE WORKERS. This study would greatly benefit office workers

because the homemade massage oil would offer them practical benefits such as

promoting sleep and relaxation, alleviating body discomfort, and improving

performance. Additionally, it will encourage them to create their own massage

oils, which can be a cost-effective alternative to buying commercialized ones,

and it may address others' inability to afford high-cost massage sessions.

COMPANIES. This study would benefit companies, as the use of this

massage oil by office workers is expected to improve their performance and

productivity, leading to an enhanced positive image of the company.

ENVIRONMENT. This study would benefit the environment by promoting

the use of natural ingredients such as the Makabuhay plant and Ylang-ylang in

homemade massage oils, reducing the reliance on chemically based production

of commercialized products. This will encourage sustainable use of natural

ingredients and may reduce the use of synthetic chemicals.


FUTURE RESEARCHERS. This study can serve as a valuable reference for

future researchers. It will provide them with a framework for conducting other

research related to this study and offer insights into the potential applications of

these natural extracts. Thus, it will pave the way for further research in the field

of natural remedies and massage oils.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The focus of this study is to observe and analyze the efficiency, aroma,

skin compatibility, and consistency of the proposed homemade massage oil

compared to the commercialized massage oil. The research will be conducted at

Solib, Floridablanca, Pampanga, during the academic year 2023-2024.

Experimentation and data collection will also take place within this locality.

The respondents of this research will be the selected office workers from

Floridablanca Municipal Hall, located in Poblacion, Floridablanca, Pampanga.

These specific group were chosen as primary respondents due to their relevance

to our research aims. They have to try the commercialized massage oil and the

proposed homemade massage oil to test the potential of the proposed

homemade essential oil made out of Makabuhay plant and Ylang-ylang.

Furthermore, topics outside of the scope will not be included.


DEFINITION OF TERMS

EFFICIENCY. Refers to the ability to achieve results with the least amount of

wasted resources, effort, time, or cost.

AROMA. A noticeable and usually pleasant smell.

SKIN COMPATIBILITY. Refers to the ability of a product or substance to be

well-tolerated by the skin without causing adverse reactions or irritations.

CONSISTENCY. Refers to the physical properties and characteristics of the

essential oil, including its texture, uniformity, and suitability for its intended use.
NOTES IN CHAPTER I

Concorde. (2020). The rich history of massage therapy

Retrieved from: https://www.concorde.edu/blg/rich-history-massage-therapy,

23/09/2023.

Morales, M. (2022). How to understand massage oils?

Retrieved from:

https://www.wikihow.com/Understand-Massage-Oils, 23/09/2023.

Fayoum, D. (2011). Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants for specialty

industrial materials.

Retrieved from:

https://www.academia.edu/2424597/

Cultivation_of_medicinal_and_aromatic_plants_for_specialty_industrial_materials

, 23/09/2023.

Medical Health Guide, (2011). Makabuhay - Herbal Medicine

Retrieved from: http://www.medicalhealthguide.com/articles/makabuhay().htm,

23/09/2023.

Dorwart, L. (2023). What is Ylang ylang?

Retrieved from:
https://www.health.com/ylang-ylang-7564321#:~:text=Multiple%20studies

%20have%20found%20ylang,%2Drelieving%2C%20and%20antidepressant

%20properties., 23/09/2023

CHAPTER II

THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

LITERATURE

Massages that use essential oils, either blended with massage oils or

diffused, have been proven to be more effective than those that do not. Some

studies have found that essential oils such as ylang-ylang, rosemary, eucalyptus,

and lavender can help us feel relaxed, help our bodies adapt to stress, enhance

mood, promote sleep, and help relieve strained muscles and joint pain, among

other ailments. (Natural Body International Inc., 2016).

Massage oil can be beneficial for making massage sessions restorative and

relaxing, which has different health benefits such as hydrating skin, protecting

the skin barrier, retaining moisture, maintaining blood circulation, improving

posture and alignment, and calming down any individual mentally. (Stone,

2023).

Moreover, according to an article in the Australian Association of Massage

Therapists (2017), oil massage promotes relaxation and deep breathing, which
improves overall skin health. Regularly taking massage also helps to increase

immunity function in the body and improve mental wellness and health.

The prevalence of stress among individuals is driving up demand for oil

massage. Individuals in both developed and developing nations are

overburdened these days, which has a negative impact on their mental and

physical health. Oil massage can help with physical disabilities as well as

emotional stress. According to the Global Organization for Stress, in April 2022,

75% of Americans had high to moderate levels of stress. Among high school

students, stress is a common health concern that needs to get treated.

Furthermore, about 80% of employees are anxious at work because of job

pressure. Growing worries about treating stress and anxiety, as well as mental

inabilities, are expected to increase demand for massage oil in spas, wellness

centers, and medical therapies. (Massage Oil Market Association, 2022).

Makabuhay plant (Tinospora cordifolia) is one of the most widely known

and used plants in traditional medicine systems in the Philippines. It is prized for

its medicinal capabilities and is used to cure a variety of ailments. One of these is

its potential to stimulate the immune system, which aids in the battle against

infectious illnesses. It also possesses anti-malarial and antipyretic effects, which

can aid in fever reduction. Makabuhay has been demonstrated to help manage

blood sugar levels and enhance insulin sensitivity, potentially benefiting


diabetics. It possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory qualities that may aid in

the relief of pain, inflammation, and edema in illnesses such as arthritis, gout,

and rheumatism.

Furthermore, its hepatoprotective qualities can help protect the liver from injury.

Makabuhay extracts are also utilized in various cosmetic and topical applications.

(Srathnam, 2023).

In the Philippines, Makabuhay plant extract is historically blended with

coconut oil to cure rheumatism and arthritis, stomach aches (kabag), scabies,

skin ulcers, and other ailments. Makabuhay is also used to cure skin illnesses

(athlete's foot, scabies, and so on), stimulate wound healing, and relieve skin

irritation. Furthermore, Makabuhay tonic is thought to increase general good

health and longevity, as well as improve memory, skin tone and texture, and

offer vitality. (Medical Health Guide, 2011).

As cited in a study by De Tavera (2008), scientists have proven that its

stem decoction can be used internally to aid in the various forms of fever,

abdominal pain, and dyspepsia. Externally, it is most useful to clean wounds,

relieve joint pain, and treat rheumatoid arthritis.

In accordance to an article in the Live to Plant Journal (2023), the

Makabuhay plant has anti-inflammatory characteristics that can help reduce

inflammation in the body. This helps to alleviate arthritis-related joint pain and

swelling. It is also beneficial in treating sinusitis and other respiratory disorders.


Moreover, as stated by Farrah (2019), Makabuhay vines have been used

in Asian countries to relieve pain and suffering related to muscle tensions and

headaches. The plant's anti-inflammatory characteristics aid in lowering the

severity of headaches, while its analgesic capabilities can help relieve muscle

tensions.

For many years, Ylang-ylang has been utilized in the culinary, perfume,

and cosmetic sectors, as well as traditional medicine and aromatherapy, due to

its distinct, powerful smell. According to certain studies, Ylang-ylang oil may be

used in aromatherapy to relieve symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia.

Furthermore, Ylang-ylang is used in some medicinal traditions as a natural

remedy for gastrointestinal issues, gout, malaria, asthma, arthritis, respiratory

problems, and headache conditions. (Dorwart, 2013).

Significant studies have shown that Ylang-ylang has a calming effect on

the heart. It can lower blood pressure and improve blood circulation. Moreover,

several studies have also indicated that Ylang-ylang can be used to treat

insomnia and enhance sexual drive. (BMV Fragrances, 2023).


Most of us are familiar with common oils: essential oils like castor and

rosemary, as well as carriers like coconut, olive, and more. However, there are

additional oils that are similarly beneficial but less well-known. Ylang-ylang oil is

one such oil that is utilized in a variety of cosmetic products. Ylang-ylang oil,

which comes from a flower in South Asia, is very beneficial.

Ylang-ylang oil benefits quite a lot in skin care It is known to work

effectively on acne. It has antifungal properties that help clear acne and works

towards making the skin clearer. It is also believed to help with cell regeneration

and to moisturize the skin. Moreover, it’s an excellent anti-aging agent due to its

moisturizing qualities as well as effective on wrinkles and fine lines. (Srivastava,

2020).

A powerful ingredient for combating inflammation and free radical

damage, Ylang-ylang has long been revered as an anti-aging salve. Its

antibacterial properties enable it to heal and lighten dark spots, while its

regenerative, skin-tightening properties make it an effective weapon against

wrinkles and sagging. In addition, Ylang-ylang stimulates the growth of new

cells, releasing tight muscles and smoothing wrinkles. (James, 2022).

Ylang-ylang not only has anti-inflammatory and anti-infection qualities,

but it also deeply hydrates the skin and gives it the nutrients and moisture it

needs. On the other hand, because Ylang-ylang effectively balances sebum


production, it has the opposite effect of leaving the skin seeming greasy or

heavy. As a result, the skin appears firm, hydrated and radiant. (Kim, 2022).

According to Kellett (2023), Ylang-ylang is one of the most opulent scents

of the flower oils; it is rich, exotic, and profoundly flowery. It is commonly

utilized in aromatherapy as a skin oil because it controls sebum production and

functions as an emollient.

As stated by Estrada (2020), aromatherapists have claimed that Ylang-

ylang might be a great holistic tool to add to our anti-stress kit. Some studies

have found that Ylang-ylang, whether applied to the skin or inhaled, can help

alleviate anxiety.

In Indonesia, married couples' beds are strewn with ylang-ylang flowers,

which are said to have aphrodisiac qualities. In the Philippines, healers use

ylang-ylang essential oil to treat burns, wounds, and pest and snake bites. In the

Molucca Islands, the oil was used to create Macassar Oil, a well-known hair

pomade. In the early 20th century, following the discovery of its therapeutic

effects by a French scientist, Ylang-Ylang Oil gained popularity as a powerful

treatment for intestinal infections, typhus, and malaria. It eventually grew

popular all over the world for its capacity to encourage relaxation by reducing

the signs and symptoms of anxiety and detrimental stress. Ylang-Ylang Oil is still

utilized today because of its health-promoting properties. It is said to be helpful

for treating conditions related to women's reproductive health, such as


premenstrual syndrome and low libido, because of its calming and stimulating

qualities. Additionally, it can help with stress-related disorders such anxiety,

sadness, nervous tension, sleeplessness, high blood pressure, and palpitations.

(New Directions Aromatic Org., 2017).

It has also been said that Ylang-ylang oil has a medium-to-strong initial

scent that is delicate, fresh, floral, and slightly fruity. Additionally, the blossom is

said to create a very pleasant aroma that is reminiscent of jasmine.

The Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) has certified

Ylang-ylang oil as generally recognized as safe, and it is commonly used as an

adjuvant and flavoring. Nowadays, Ylang-ylang oil is present in a wide range of

home and cosmetic items, including scented candles, moisturizers, massage oils,

and fragrances. Additionally, it is thought that one of the primary causes of

Ylang-ylang oil's rising fame in the field of aromatherapy is its medical qualities.

(Tan, et.al.,2015).

The potent anti-bacterial properties of Ylang-Ylang Essential Oil make it a

very effective skin cleanser. It also acts as a healing powerhouse, boosting the

regenerative process of the epidermis. Moreover, Ylang-Ylang Essential Oil is an

excellent tool for regulating the production of sebum. It might aid in controlling

the amount of oil secreted by our sebaceous glands, ensuring that our faces are

properly moisturized regardless of whether we have dry or oily skin. (De la Terre,

2015).
STUDIES

A study published in the Journal of Psychosomatic Research (2011) found

that patients who received oil massage therapy had lower levels of the stress

hormone cortisol than those who did not. This "feel-good" hormone, serotonin,

has also been demonstrated to rise in response to oil massage. In addition to

these, there are numerous other benefits of oil massage for the body.

These are: blood circulation, joint mobility, stress and anxiety reduction,

skin health enhancement, lowering tension, and encourages better sleep. (Blue

Nectar Org., 2022).

Many herbal plants are traditionally used in the Philippines to treat

common diseases and disorders. Angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood

vessels, is inhibited by medicinal plants. Tinospora rumphii Boerl, a large,

abundantly growing vine known as "Makabuhay," is one of them. It is used by

rural people to treat cancerous wounds and tropical ulcers. T's antiangiogenic

activity was investigated in this study. The number of new blood vessels formed

in the chorioallantoic membrane of fertilized mallard embryos after 48 hours of

treatment with rumphii leaf and stem extracts was measured. The CAM assay

results revealed that the T. Based on the number of blood vessels formed in the

chorioallantoic membrane of mallard embryos, rumphii extracts have

antiangiogenic properties. The pairing of T. In comparison to the leaf and stem

extracts, rumphii leaf and stem extracts produced the lowest mean number of
new blood vessels formed. The one-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference

in the mean number of blood vessels formed, while the Least Significant

Difference method determined that the combination of T. The leaf and stem

extracts of Rumphii are significantly more antiangiogenic than the leaf and stem

extracts. Based on these findings, it was determined that the T. Rumphii extracts

have antiangiogenic potential, and the combination of leaf and stem extracts

inhibits angiogenesis more than the leaf or stem extract alone. (Galia et.al,

2016).

Previous studies have shown that Tinospora rumphii Boerl crude ethanolic

extract has pediculocidal activity (Lagarejos et al., 2006). The purpose of this

study is to create a pediculicidal shampoo from Makabuhay ethanolic extract

using compatible excipients and to test its activity using Permethrin (Kwell) as a

positive control. Tinospora rumphii Boerl stems were percolated with 80%

ethanol and formulated with a base to determine their pediculocidal effect.

Organoleptic, pH, and density determinations were used to determine the

stability of the crude ethanolic extract with three (3) shampoo formulations.

Patch and scratch tests were also performed on test animals to determine skin

sensitivity and reaction in animals. After 72 hours, no visible irritation was

observed. An in-vitro test was also carried out to determine its lice killing activity.

Preliminary clinical studies were also conducted on five (5) respondents to test

for hypersensitivity and to further test its efficacy on human subjects. The mean

killing time of adult lice using the Makabuhay shampoo, Permethrin, and the
shampoo base was significantly different (p 0.001). The human patch test result

in thirty (30) subjects revealed no significant irritation with the Makabuhay

shampoo. ANOVA for Repeated Measures revealed no significant interaction

effect between treatment and duration of application-amount of adult lice (p =

0.077), nits (p = 0.58), and pruritus (0.519). In addition, there was no significant

difference in the number of adult lice (p = 0.233) or nits (0.580) killed in relation

to the treatment, but there was a significant difference in pruritus (p 0.001).

However, in terms of treatment duration, there was no significant

difference in the number of adult lice (p = 0.001) and pruritus (p = 0.071), but a

significant difference in the number of nits killed (0-0.02). As a result, the

shampoo formulated with Tinospora rumphii crude ethanolic extract has the

same efficacy as the commercially available positive control (Permethrin).

(Mamaril et.al., 2010)

The drugs used to treat lice infestations are referred to as pediculicides,

and they are typically neurotoxin-based chemical agents such as pyrethrin and

permethrin. The safety of these agents has been called into question, not to

mention the growing concerns about resistance. This research study on

Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook was motivated by the need for a safe, effective, and

affordable alternative pediculicidal agent. f. et Thoms., also known as

makabuhay in the Philippines, is a potential herbal pediculicide. To capitalize on

its reported pediculicidal activity, a hair crean was created using a methanolic
extract of the makabuhay stem. The continuous extraction method was used to

obtain the methanolic extract. The extract's physicochemical properties were

determined, and the extract concentration with the most effective pediculicidal

activity was identified. The extract was formulated into a hair cream at a 60%

concentration using selected compatible ingredients. The final product passed all

safety (acute dermal irritation test), pediculicidal efficacy, and stability tests.

(Balotro, 2011).

Most insect bite reactions resolve on their own, but the resulting

inflammation and pruritus have been shown to reduce quality of life. Tinospora

rumphii or the Makabuhay plant has been shown in previous studies to have

anti-inflammatory properties. The study's goal is to compare the efficacy and

safety of T rumphii 25% cream to hydrocortisone 1% cream in the treatment of

local cutaneous reactions caused by mosquito bites. This was a 3-month,

parallel-group, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a 1-week

duration (June 2019 to August 2019). were exposed for 5-10 minutes to sterile

noninfectious mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) to elicit cutaneous lesions. Throughout

the 7-day study period, tinospora 25% cream or hydrocortisone 1% cream was

applied twice daily. The Dermatology Outpatient Department of the Research

Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, Muntinlupa, Philippines, screened 70

participants for this study, which was approved by an institutional review board
(IRB 2019-07), and 58 met the inclusion criteria and were randomized to

treatment (Tinospora: n=29) and active control (hydrocortisone: n=29) groups.

In total, 58 people were randomly assigned to either Tinospora cream (n=29) or

hydrocortisone cream (n=29). The follow-up was completed by all participants.

There was a significant decrease in lesion size in both groups from the first 15

minutes to day 7 (P<.001). When the lesion size in both groups was compared,

there was a statistically significant reduction in lesion size after the first hour

(P=.003) and after 24 hours (P=.03). On the first day, 10% (n=29) of the

hydrocortisone group and 7% (n=29) of the Tinospora group experienced

complete resolution.

On the third day, all participants had complete resolution. There were no

adverse effects observed. Tinospora 25% cream is safe, effective, and

comparable to hydrocortisone 1% cream as an anti-inflammatory agent for

mosquito bite reactions based on lesion size reduction, proportion of participants

with complete resolution of wheals, and improvement in pruritus intensity score

using a visual analog scale. (Gatmaitan et.al., 2023).

Makabuhay plant has been found to have antibacterial qualities, giving

rise to commercially accessible prepared goods such as ointments and soaps.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Makabuhay plant

extract, which was manufactured as a facial cleanser and was subjected to

varying concentrations of the plant extract (50%, 75%, and 100%). Its
antibacterial properties were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, the

causative agent of acne and pimples. The Makabuhay facial cleanser was also

tested against a commercially available facial cleanser (control). Percolation was

used to extract the Makabuhay plant extract. The antibacterial activity of

Makabuhay plant extract was investigated using the Kirby-Bauer Test/Disk-

diffusion method in five trials. The susceptibility testing method was used to

examine the efficacy of the designed facial cleanser vs the control. For each trial,

a zone of inhibition (mm) was measured and compared to the control facial

cleanser. The designed Makabuhay facial cleanser had high antibacterial action

against Staphylococcus aureus at 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations.

Notably, the control revealed no anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity. At

various doses, the experiment confirms the antibacterial ability of Makabuhay

(Tinospora cordifolia) plant extract as a formulated facial cleanser against

Staphylococcus aureus. (Abarientos, et.al, 2017).

In a recent study, researchers evaluated the effects of Ylang-ylang oil

(Cananga odorata, Annonaceae) on human physiological measures and self-

evaluation following transdermal absorption in this study. The trials involved

forty healthy individuals. Skin temperature, heart rate, breathing rate, and blood

pressure were among the physiological indicators measured. Visual analog scales

(VAS) were used to measure self-evaluation. The Ylang-ylang oil significantly

decreased blood pressure while increasing skin warmth. participants in the


Ylang-ylang oil group evaluated themselves as calmer and more relaxed than

participants in the control group. These studies suggest that Ylang-ylang oil has

a soothing effect and give some evidence for its use in aromatherapy, such as

reducing depression and stress in humans. (Hongratanaworakit, 2006).

There aren't many scientific studies examining how scents affect people.

In 2004, a study was conducted to determine how ylang-ylang oil (Cananga

odorata, Annonaceae) affected human physiological measures as well as self-

perception. The experiments included twenty-four healthy volunteers. Inhalation

was the method used to administer fragrances.

Skin temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure were

the physiological parameters that were measured. The qualities of alertness,

attention, tranquility, mood, relaxation, and vitality were evaluated in relation to

the self-evaluation. Fragrances were also scored according to their effect,

strength, and pleasantness. The current study demonstrated that, as opposed to

sedation or relaxation, ylang-ylang oil may be best described as a

"harmonization" substance. Ylang-ylang oil significantly reduced blood pressure

and pulse rate and increased subjective attentiveness and alertness when

compared to an odorless placebo. The main cause of the observed effects,

according to correlational analysis, is a person's subjective perception of odor.

(Hongratanaworakit et.al., 2004)


In 2014, a pilot study was undertaken to determine if the use of Ylang-

ylang essential oil by cutaneous application or inhalation affects anxiety, self-

esteem perception, and physiological indicators such as blood pressure and

temperature. 34 nursing professionals were randomly assigned to one of three

groups: one got the Ylang-ylang essential oil by cutaneous application, another

by inhalation, and the third (placebo) received the Ylang-ylang essence via

cutaneous application. The Anxiety Inventory (IDATE) and the Dela Coleta self-

esteem measure were used at baseline, 30, 60, and 90 days, and 15 days’ post-

intervention (follow-up). There was a significant difference in self-esteem for the

three groups as a consequence of the pre- and post-intervention intergroup

analysis (p values: G1 = 0.014, G2 = 0.016, and G3 = 0.038).

There were no variations in anxiety or physiological indicators across

groups in the analysis. Following that, it was found that there were significant

alterations in the three groups' intergroup perceptions of self-esteem. (Aguiar,

2014).

Ylang-ylang oil clear soaps in three concentrations, 3.1%, 3.85%, and

4.58%, were created by combining virgin coconut oil (VCO), olive oil, and stearic

acid as a base soap and reacting it with NaOH as an alkaline base. Transparent

soap was tested for identity, pH, wetting, foam on distilled water, foam on hard

water, skin irritation, consumer preference, and microbiology using the agar

diffusion technique against Staphylococcus epidermidis, a bacterium that causes


acne. The results showed that all formulas were stable for six weeks during

storage conditions. Ylang-ylang transparent soap had medium antimicrobial

activity (12-16 mm) against S. epidermidis. Statistical evaluation of pH, wetting

test and micobiology test from formulas against control by using one way ANOVA

had significant difference (p<0,05). (Febriyenti et.al, 2014).

Slow-stroke back massage with Ylang-ylang essential oil is one of the non-

pharmacological methods that can lower blood pressure. Slow-stroke back

massage with Ylang-ylang essential oil can improve relaxation and blood

circulation while also decreasing blood pressure. In line with the study conducted

in 2022, researchers investigated how successful a slow stroke back massage

with Ylang-ylang essential oil was in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive

patients in Paku Alam village. A one-group pretest-posttest design is used in this

study. The population in this study was hypertensive patients from the hamlet of

Paku Alam RT.03. The purposive sampling technique was used to collect 10

samples. A paired t-test was used to examine the data. The research instrument

uses Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and observation sheets. According to

the findings of this study, blood pressure was reduced following a slow-stroke

back massage using Ylang-ylang essential oil. The analytical test findings show

that the systolic p value = 0.00 (0.05) and the diastolic p value = 0.004 (0.05).

As a result, it can be stated that slow stroke back massage with Ylang-ylang

essential oil is beneficial in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients in

Paku Alam Village. (Riduansyah et al., 2022).


In line with the study conducted in 2018, researchers aimed to develop

aroma massage oil containing natural oils for alleviating muscle pain and

evaluating users' satisfaction. In addition, the Kligman maximization method was

used to test the skin irritation and skin sensitization of goods. The formula's

active ingredients included seven essential oils. Six carrier oils were included in

the mix as carrier oils. 61 individuals were tested for odor preference and

product odor acceptance. For an eight-week period, the products were examined

for preliminary physical stability in terms of color, smell, rancidity, viscosity, and

precipitation. In addition, thirty customers took part in the satisfaction survey.

According to the findings, consumers preferred and accepted blended essential

oil preparation 1 (BEOP1), which is made up of rosemary, lavender, patchouli,

ylang-ylang, eucalyptus, and peppermint oils.

Customers were mostly satisfied with the carrier oil compositions, which

included sweet almond, grape seed, avocado, jojoba, and macadamia oils. A

massage oil combination containing BEOP1, vitamin E acetate, isopropyl

myristate, and carrier oils demonstrated the finest physical properties.

Furthermore, the massage oil developed stayed steady for 8 weeks. After two

weeks of applying the massage oil to the inner forearm, volunteers experienced

no skin discomfort or sensitization. As a result, it could be concluded that the

massage oil developed was safe. (Hongratanaworakit et.al., 2018)

In 2013, a study was carried out to evaluate the physiological changes in

the female human body in response to aromatherapy Ylang-ylang essential oil


and, secondly, to determine the participants' perceptions of their physiological

and psychological abilities after completing the treatment course. The study's

findings have added to the scientific understanding of aromatherapy essential

oils as a complementary and alternative medicine therapy. The study used a

single-blind, experimental case-control design. The study enrolled 36 female

volunteers between the ages of 20 and 45 from the Bloemfontein area. The 36

participants were divided into two equal groups: A and B. The face control

(carrier oil only) was followed by three face experimental treatments ( Ylang-

ylang essential oil combination) in Group A. The back control was then

performed, followed by three back experimental treatments. Similarly, group B

began with three back experimental treatments before moving on to the back

control. The three face experimental treatments were followed by the face

control.

Demographic and post-treatment questionnaires were used to collect

demographic information as well as any perceptual physiological and

psychological changes. The physiological parameters of blood pressure, pulse

rate, and breathing rate were measured using the Nihon Kodhen device. Physical

stress indicators such as increased pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic

blood pressure, and breathing rate during stress were lowered faster in

aromatherapy treatments containing Ylang-ylang essential oil. When applied to

the back area, dermal application of Ylang-ylang essential oil caused more

noticeable changes, indicating that a greater absorption surface gives superior


improvements in the physical parameters. The majority of participants reported

an improvement in stress, concentration, vitality, and self-esteem. In general, it

appears likely that Ylang-ylang essential oil has a calming effect on stress and a

reducing influence on various physiological parameters. (Westhuizen et.al.,

2013).

Ylang-ylang oil is used as a flavoring ingredient in the food industry. It is a

complex chemical mixture in the form of an essential oil extracted from the fresh

flowers of Cananga odorata Hook via water or water-and-steam distillation. f.

and Thomson. Ylang-Ylang oil has been reported to cause dermal sensitization

reactions in animals and humans, but it is unclear which constituent(s) within the

essential oil are the offending agent(s), and whether some Ylang-ylang oils that

have had certain constituent(s) removed are any less prone to causing such

allergic reactions. There is no evidence in the literature that Ylang-ylang oil has

caused allergic reactions in food.

One subchronic inhalation toxicity study, which included Ylang-Ylang oil as

part of a larger fragrance raw materials mixture, found no evidence of adverse

effects, but the relevance to risk assessment of oral food flavoring use exposures

is likely minimal. There are no additional toxicity data for Ylang-Ylang oil. Despite

the foregoing, Ylang-ylang oil has a long history of fragrance and food flavoring

use, with no evidence that its estimated food flavoring consumption (0.0001

mg/kg/day) has resulted in any adverse human health effects. These findings
indicate that Ylang-ylang oil does not pose a health risk to humans at the current

level of consumption as a food ingredient. (Burdock et.al, 2007)

In accordance to a 2021 study, anti-blemishing soap attempts to improve

skin texture by battling blemishes. The major goal of preparing this soap

composition in solid form is to cleanse the face while also conditioning the skin

with moisturizing properties. By modifying the formulation of a typical soap and

including such beneficial ingredients as Ylang-ylang oil, which benefits the skin in

all possible ways in addition to its aromatherapy therapies. (Marodkar et.al,

2021).

The Austronesian peoples, the forefathers of the majority of Indonesia's

current population, discovered and created a wide range of plant-based

medicines and therapies to battle sickness and preserve good health. Massage

oils are one example. This study investigated how three Indonesian tribal tribes

used botanicals to make massage oils in order to preserve their traditional

practices. Traditional plant-based massage oils used by western-central

Austronesians were researched in three traditional groups in West Java, Lombok

Island, and Sumbawa Island. Based on the findings, traditional herbal oils include

a variety of active ingredients that have therapeutic properties. Coconut (Cocos

nucifera; Arecaceae), a characteristic Austronesian flora, is collected for milk and

is the key element in the manufacturing of herbal massage therapies. Other


plant species that have been combined with coconut milk include 46 more. The

three major plant families are Fabaceae, Lauraceae, and Zingiberaceae.

Medicinal plants with great conservation value include Dipterocarpus

retusus (endangered) and Sindora galedupa. To conclude, changes in land usage

endanger wild plant species used to make herbal oils. Similarly, globalization has

the potential to destroy traditional communal knowledge. As a result, wild plant

cultivation and conservation are required to ensure their continued presence in

nature and the preservation of traditional knowledge. Local governments must

play a role in the development and popularization of traditional herbal massage

oils. It is intended that the local inhabitants' traditional knowledge and wisdom

would serve as the foundation for turning their area into a traditional village,

similar to the village of Songak on Lombok Island. (Rahayu et.al, 2021).

NOTES IN CHAPTER II

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market, 03/11/2023.

Srathnam Org. (2023) MAKABUHAY

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_5dzZyheMxaZkVdm2piLPp85D2Emw69UUIcqIypfRxPAOjHk#:~:text=Makabuha

y%20has%20been%20shown%20to,arthritis%2C%20gout%2C%20and

%20rheumatism, 03/11/2023.

Medical Health Guide. (2011). Makabuhay-Herbal Medicine

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makabuhay().htm#:~:text=Makabuhay%20is%20used%20to%20treat,and

%20texture%2C%20and%20provides%20energy, 03/11/2023.

De Tavera, P. (2008). The Medicinal Plants of the Philippines

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Live to Plant Journal. (2023). Makabuhay Plant

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Dr. Farrah MD. (2019). Heart-Leaved Moonseed (Makabuhay): The Herb That

Can Protect The Liver


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Dorwart, L. (2013) WHAT IS YLANG-YLANG?

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%20have%20found%20ylang,%2Drelieving%2C%20and%20antidepressant

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BMV Fragrances. (2023). An Overview on Ylang-ylang Oil

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_E. 03/11/2023.

Srivastava, K. (2020). YLANG YLANG OIL BENEFITS: THE MAGIC OIL YOUR

SKINCARE NEEDS

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essential-oil-benefits-and-uses?

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James, A. (2022). ANTI-AGING ESSENTIALS: HOW YLANG YLANG COMBATS

ACNE, AGING SKIN & MORE


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how-ylang-ylang-combats-acne-aging-skin-more?

fbclid=IwAR0EVR1Ej1nQqh82mXSAMijFLNWGFuObr46Q5f0Koac1Z2zuEWKzwZJU

XDo#:~:text=It%20promotes%20clear%2C%20acne%2Dfree,appearance

%20of%20acne%20and%20blemishes, 03/11/2023.

Kim, M. (2022). ANTI-AGING ESSENTIALS: HOW YLANG YLANG COMBATS

ACNE, AGING SKIN & MORE

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how-ylang-ylang-combats-acne-aging-skin-more?

fbclid=IwAR0EVR1Ej1nQqh82mXSAMijFLNWGFuObr46Q5f0Koac1Z2zuEWKzwZJU

XDo#:~:text=It%20promotes%20clear%2C%20acne%2Dfree,appearance

%20of%20acne%20and%20blemishes, 03/11/2023.

Kellett, J. (2023). What is Ylang-ylang oil good for?

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ylang-essential-oil-good-for/?

fbclid=IwAR2IrwqAca5SEU6fwOwjS82Nk9uW_iDBB1pP2NeWx_uiklXyYe_7uXCuF

9E, 03/11/2023.

Estrada J. (2020). Ylang-Ylang Is the Floral Essential Oil To Add to Your Anti-

Stress Kit—And 4 Ways To Use It

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https://www.wellandgood.com/ylang-ylang-oil/?

fbclid=IwAR3YqQom3MFlVPGz1TfJyhB4I8EiG4eVYo1mKxBs1cTBJ0yU1zLmc1htY_

k, 03/11/2023.

New Directions Aromatic Org. (2017). Ylang-ylang Varieties

Retrieved from: https://www.newdirectionsaromatics.com/blog/products/all-

about-ylang-ylang-oil.html?

fbclid=IwAR0BptrlMHFnLw3JbviSfWwLcTQFwsrI_54zejyAN90AFiJ7Vrvjidou_co#yl

ang-oil-varieties, 03/11/2023.

Tan, L. et.al. (2015). Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Bioactivities

of Cananga odorata (Ylang-Ylang)

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4534619/?

fbclid=IwAR16URUyecz1o6FiPhdbvC-6oV10xha1d7AfiywHhlWywLn4IrACVricrCY,

03/11/2023.

De la Terre, S. (2015). About Ylang-ylang essential oil


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blog.html?

fbclid=IwAR1h0szgfIslVwYbhT_eYV70opr6ZpUDcvmgQk6pWLF4yyo5N_cSK9vMU

Dw

03/11//2023.

Blue Nectar Org. (2022). Amazing health benefits of oil massage on body

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benefits-of-oil-massage-on-body?fbclid=IwAR3MmeChV_-

B0MfbQxynDR5zbC5ZrGCnubqdcavm2KokhFa8Y-ZJtnzQFf8#:~:text=Reasons

%20why%20you%20need%20to,tension%20headaches%2C%20and

%20promote%20relaxation, 03/11/2023.

Galia, J. et.al. (2016). Antiangiogenic Activity of Tinospora rumphii Boerl

(Makabuhay) Leaf and Stem Extracts

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182.pdf, 03/11/2023.
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Tinospora_shampoo_for_Pediculicide-libre.pdf?1392049752=&response-content-

disposition=inline%3B+filename

%3DFORMULATION_OF_PEDICULICIDAL_SHAMPOO_FRO.pdf&Expires=1699862

698&Signature=USzQrvp0BpX2f2M8aNl-~OZnA4sJ1jaDMM1sJNMsJncMue59pj6-

SbdqdvWMXMcezHJCXLd37LL~i5E9h6z1F6N1Pol4-QIX3wGlKeJZcRK~X43XK-

JtLK36Xz9fU3PpNihXTVdoQt7sOfY2bjguUsdFh2c4SPROu2loSks8rSivqyLoymXIf0L

JJUBtkhkq15I79IeADlGZNVmQoUpntBZiFRMOW3Xldn5SP-

Y9m9EM03UJEKny9YUrqtEDjmGbQ7Ea0cQhRI5p709Oq1V3At1H3KPa1E2V-

CwDCh9UTPXGmWocWeJGb9vSlpiocUHWOE5fcj2H9WnIAzw4-pqgkA__&Key-

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wWpQ55I9FLVKsulVcQ2oGTwp9WZbs17X3GGPfoCd2hjgmgmd0&_tp=eyJjb250Z

Xh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6ImluZGV4IiwicGFnZSI6Il9kaXJlY3QifX0&fbclid=IwAR

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content-disposition=inline%3B+filename

%3DAnti_blemishing_Soap_with_Ylang_Ylang_oi.pdf&Expires=1701416886&Sign

ature=HGPeYCRFsgzelSTF4sm8jTmfKuqX62q6sjkRZRmoqmQeqNbj84nT9RBtZttE

KutMDpwjOhaH~wia9KolY50ZO0cGWiujmuRcxY5mHjHOx4WzKEzhd9shbw9FOAK

luGVead8yL6UTe6pCiMJK50g7gdPydErUhaGz1g1WwwJbllgl7IiO-

T6aK74b7nwf60h-MmxfeLVObUnWBM-

ZVcHjH4YH5Y0SHRKp3jrzEJBZkZIn116jQvRD4Aun6jpUBZEFHemUndl7hpUknLKh
DXYg1J5HoCBxCeYHAUoSupSAX5J6Y2iO0mOAdzmTc-

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_oil_in_Indonesia?_sg=yEXmZyEOKamSuUfP4-RZmlYtFs52cRI-

ol8J5d7wq75xaSAR1REGtbG1GKZJ8HKp8kzzvPZ4tIx7U3I&_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7

ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6ImluZGV4IiwicGFnZSI6Il9kaXJlY3QifX0, 03/11/2023.
CHAPTER III

METHODS OF RESEARCH

This chapter presents the research design, population and sample,

research locale, research instrument, data gathering procedure, data analysis,

and the product development.

Research Design

The researchers used an experimental research design under quantitative

research. The study was designed experimentally and strictly quantitatively,

aiming to assess the efficiency, aroma, skin compatibility, and consistency of the

proposed massage oil.

As stated by Creswell (2014), quantitative research is an inquiry into a

social or human problem, based on testing a theory composed of variables,

measured with numbers, and analyzed with statistical procedures, in order to

determine whether the predictive generalizations of the theory hold true.

Experimental research is a traditional approach to conducting quantitative

research. This research design aims to test an idea, practice, or procedure to

determine whether it will affect the outcome or dependent variable.

Furthermore, the experiment was used when wanting to establish the possible
causes and effects between the independent variables and the dependent

variable. (Creswell, 2015).

Hence, the researchers will be conducting a quasi-experimental research

design. We intend to compare the proposed product to commercialized ones.

Furthermore, the researchers engaged two variables in the present study, which

served as independent and dependent variables.

Research Locale

This research will be carried out in Poblacion, Floridablanca, Pampanga.

The researchers chose this location since it houses all of our necessary

materials, tools, and supplies, such as the Makabuhay plant, Ylang-ylang,

mineral oil, knives, casserole, and strainer used to create our product.

Population and Sample

The respondents of this research will be the selected office workers from

Floridablanca Municipal Hall, located in Poblacion, Floridablanca, Pampanga.

These specific groups were chosen as primary respondents due to their

relevance to our research aims. Given their extended working hours and the

physical and mental stress associated with the demands of their job as municipal

hall office workers, the use of massage oil is particularly ideal for them.

Consequently, they can thus benefit from using massage oil for body pain relief,

sleep promotion, relaxation and stress relief.


The respondents will be purposively chosen using the purposive sampling

technique. Purposive sampling is a non-probability method that is selected based

on characteristics of a population and the objective of the study. This is to assure

that the respondents have particular characteristics that the researchers need to

evaluate their research questions. (Crossman, 2020).

Selecting the right respondents for this study requires inclusive and

exclusive criteria. But key features of the respondents are involved to allow the

researchers to address research questions.

Respondents should be, at least;

1. Office workers from Floridablanca Municipal Hall.

2. Between the ages of 30 and 50.

Research instrument

The self-made observable checklists shall be the instrument to be used to

evaluate the differences between commercialized massage oil and the proposed

homemade massage oil in terms of efficiency, aroma, skin compatibility, and

consistency.
An observable checklist is a type of research instrument that asks

respondents a series of questions or items in order to collect data. It is created

by evaluating the product's quality and performance, identifying whether an

attribute is present or absent, and requiring verification from the chosen

respondents. (Joseph, 2016).

The researchers will utilize a self-made observable checklist, consisting of

three parts. The first part of the observable checklist that the researchers had

prepared was a greeting for their participants and a word of appreciation for

their participation. Then, the second part consists of a Likert scale and

instructions, which will guide the respondents on how they will answer the

observable checklist. Lastly, the third part is the checklist itself. It will contain

four variables, and each has five declarative statements that will guide the

respondents to evaluate the product.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will use both direct and indirect methods to gather the

needed data for the study. The researchers shall ask permission from the

administration office of Floridablanca Municipal Hall; once approved, they will

seek consent from selected respondents to evaluate the features of the product.
The researchers will then proceed with the dissemination of the product and

administering the observable checklists.

The researchers will also implement an interview for additional survey

support for the respondents' assessment of the product. The collected data

from the survey and interview will be processed, analyzed, and interpreted.

Moreover, the survey and interview data will serve as the foundation for the

development of new and enhanced study products

The following were the steps for gathering the needed data;

1. The researchers will have a meeting for the preparation of the product

2. Product formulation and observation.

2.1. Have trial and error in order to produce the product.

2.2. Observe the physical changes in the product following the

formulation.

3. The researchers shall ask permission from the administration office of

Floridablanca Municipal Hall.

4. Product evaluation and assessment.

4.1. Efficiency

4.2. Aroma

4.3. Skin compatibility

4.4 . Consistency
4.5 . Selecting the respondents to evaluate the product.

4.6 . Product dissemination and distribution of

observable checklists.

4.7 . Interview the respondents and ask for their feedback about

the product.

4.8 The data will be collected following the evaluation.

5. The collected data will be processed and analyzed, and from this, the

researchers will finalize the findings.

Data Analysis

The gathered quantitative data will be processed, analyzed, and

interpreted. A frequency distribution and a weighted mean will be applied to

these data. The Likert scale, along with its verbal explanation, will be used to

analyze and interpret the gathered data.

Weighted Mean Verbal Description

3.26 - 4.00 Strongly Agree

2.51 - 3.25 Agree

1.76 - 2.50 Disagree

1.00 - 1.75 Strongly Disagree

The data collected are then treated using t-test statistic. A t-test is an

inferential statistic that is used to compare the means of two groups. It is often
used in hypothesis testing to determine whether a process or treatment actually

has an effect on the population of interest, or whether two groups are

significantly different from one another. (Bevans, 2023).

The researchers will statistically treat the survey results using Microsoft

Excel. Subsequently, survey results will be further tested through t-test, paired

with a two-sample assuming unequal variance, for the finalization of collected

data. By using this inferential statistic, the researchers can determine and

quantify if there is a significant difference between the proposed product and the

commercialized one.

Ethical Considerations

The researchers shall seek out approval from the respondents before

carrying out the surveys. They have the right to receive a detailed briefing on

what the content of the questionnaires will be all about.

In order to guarantee anonymity, secrecy, and avoidance of outside harm,

all information will be held and handled with the utmost confidentiality by not

disclosing the identity of respondents in accordance with the Data Privacy Act

(Republic Act 10173). The researchers ensures that there will be no bias and

injustice, as they only seek the natural results with the utmost honesty and

integrity.

According to Bryman and Bell (2007), the following ten points represent the

most important principles related to ethical considerations in dissertations:


1. Research participants should not be subjected to harm in any ways

whatsoever.

2. Respect for the dignity of research participants should be prioritized.

3. Full consent should be obtained from the participants prior to the study.

4. The protection of the privacy of research participants has to be ensured.

5. Adequate level of confidentiality of the research data should be ensured.

6. Anonymity of individuals and organizations participating in the research has

to be ensured.

7. Any deception or exaggeration about the aims and objectives of the

research must be avoided.

8. Affiliations in any forms, sources of funding, as well as any possible

conflicts of interests have to be declared.

9. Any type of communication in relation to the research should be done with

honesty and transparency.

10. Any type of misleading information, as well as representation of primary

data findings in a biased way must be avoided.

Product Development

Phase 1: Planning Phase

The researchers would like to investigate how Makabuhay plant and

Ylang-ylang can contribute to homemade massage oil and how it may differ

from commercialized massage oil in terms of efficiency, aroma, skin


compatibility and consistency. The following issues regarding the product were

raised during brainstorming sessions and meetings with researchers throughout

the planning phase:

1. Assessing the formulation of the product.

2. Identifying the tools and materials to be used.

3. Checking the availability and cost of the tools and materials to be

used.

4. Procedures to be done in making the product.

Phase II: Designing Phase

To create massage oil from the Makabuhay plant vines and Ylang-ylang

flowers, the process will begin by getting the ingredients in Poblacion,

Floridablanca, Pampanga. We will gather enough Makabuhay vines and Ylang-

ylang in the forests and then purchase 1 liter of mineral oil to use as a carrier oil.

After gathering our materials, we will now craft our massage oil by following a

careful series of steps.

To start off, we will allow the Makabuhay plant vines and the Ylang-ylang

flower to dry for a few hours so that the moisture content will be reduced. Next,

we will chop the dried vines and the flowers, preparing them to be boiled in 5–6

hours at a low temperature together with the carrier oil, which is mineral oil.
Carrier oil should be added to lessen the concentration of the massage oil and

facilitate its easy application to the skin when applied.

Lastly, they will undergo the process of infusion, and they are occasionally

bruised to allow the released oil from dried vines and flowers to infuse with the

mineral oil. After a thorough infusion period, we will strain the oil to remove the

plant matter, leaving behind a fragrant and concentrated massage oil blend.

Phase III: Development Phase

Materials:

Makabuhay Plant
Ylang-ylang

Mineral Oil
Tools:

Knives

Casserole
Strainer

Clean Cloth

Wooden Spatula

Procedures:
1. All the materials should be prepared.

- Ylang-ylang

- Makabuhay plant (Tinospora rumphii)

- 5 liter of mineral oil

- Knives

- Casserole

- Strainer

- Clean Cloth

- Wooden Spatula

2. We will allow the Makabuhay plant vines and the Ylang-ylang flower to dry

for a few hours so that the moisture content will be reduced.

3. We will chop the dried vines and the flowers, preparing them to be boiled

in 5–6 hours at a low temperature together with the carrier oil, which is

mineral oil.

4. They undergo the process of infusion, and they are occasionally bruised to

allow the released oil from dried vines and flowers to infuse with the mineral

oil.

5. We will strain the oil to remove the plant matter, leaving behind a fragrant

and concentrated massage oil blend.


Phase IV: Trial and Error Phase
This phase was created to create the best formulation of the homemade

massage oil made out of Makabuhay plant and Ylang-ylang with the goal of

improving its properties with respect to the target descriptions using the trial-

and-error method.

Target Description:

✓ Efficiency

✓ Aroma

✓ Skin Compatibility

✓ Consistency

Trial # 1
Materials Procedures Outcome Problem Solution
and Tools
- Makabuhay 1. All the (1) We were (1) We went to
Efficiency:
materials should unable to gather churches during
plant be prepared The target any Ylang-ylang the masses to
flowers because look for flower
aroma satisfies
- Ylang-ylang 2. We will allow we could only vendors.
the researcher’s
the Makabuhay find one tree Fortunately, we
target for the
- Mineral oil plant vines and and it was too found them and
product.
the Ylang-ylang tall for people to immediately
- Knives flower to dry for reach. bought Ylang-
a few hours so Aroma: ylang.
- Casserole that the moisture
content will be The target (2) We added
- Strainer reduced. aroma satisfies (2) We used an another 1 liter
the researcher’s excessive amount of mineral oil
- Wooden 3. We will chop target for the of ylang-ylang and makabuhay
the dried vines product. flowers in the to reduce the
Spatula and the flowers, blend, so the concentration of
preparing them Skin aroma of ylang- the blend.
-Cleaning cloth to be boiled in 5– Compatibility: ylang was
6 hours at a low dominant.
temperature The target skin
together with the compatibility has
carrier oil, which been achieved,
is mineral oil. and no
irritations were
4. They undergo noticed.
the process of
infusion, and Consistency:
they are The target
occasionally consistency
bruised to allow has been
the released oil achieved.
from dried vines
and flowers to
infuse with the
mineral oil.

5. We will strain
the oil to remove
the plant matter,
leaving behind a
fragrant and
concentrated
massage oil
blend.
Day #1

1. The aroma of Ylang-ylang was too dominant in the blend. Combining the right

amounts of Ylang-ylang, Makabuhay, and mineral oil would perfectly yield the

ideal massage oil blend.


HEAVENLY ELIXIR: MAKABUHAY PLANT AND YLANG-YLANG AS A
PROPOSED HOMEMADE MASSAGE OIL

NOTES IN CHAPTER III

Creswell, J. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed

methods approach.

Retrieved from:

https://www.ucg.ac.me/skladiste/blog_609332/objava_105202/fajlovi/

Creswell.pdf, 10/12/2023.

Creswell, J. (2015). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating

Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Retrieved from:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

324451568_Educational_Research_Planning_Conducting_and_Evaluating_Quantit

ative_and_Qualitative_Research_6th_Edition, 10/12/2023.

Crossman, A. (2020). Understanding Purposive Sampling.

Retrieved From: https://www.thoughtco.com/purposive-sampling-3026727,

10/12/2023.

Bryman and Bell, (2007). Ethical Considerations.

Retrieved from: https://research-methodology.net/research-methodology/ethical-

considerations/, 10/12/2023.

Bevans, R. (2023). An Introduction to T-tests


HEAVENLY ELIXIR: MAKABUHAY PLANT AND YLANG-YLANG AS A
PROPOSED HOMEMADE MASSAGE OIL

Retrieved from: https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/t-test/, 10/12/2023.

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