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    TYPE 2 Diabetes Mellitus Project

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    humaidali saiyed
    This document provides an overview of type 2 diabetes, including what it is, how insulin works, common symptoms, causes, complications, and preventions. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not properly use insulin to regulate blood sugar levels, resulting in high blood glucose that can damage organs over time if not managed. Key risk factors include obesity and lack of physical activity. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through diet, exercise, and weight management can help prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.

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    TYPE 2 Diabetes Mellitus Project

    Uploaded by

    humaidali saiyed
    23 views11 pages
    This document provides an overview of type 2 diabetes, including what it is, how insulin works, common symptoms, causes, complications, and preventions. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not properly use insulin to regulate blood sugar levels, resulting in high blood glucose that can damage organs over time if not managed. Key risk factors include obesity and lack of physical activity. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through diet, exercise, and weight management can help prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.

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    This document provides an overview of type 2 diabetes, including what it is, how insulin works, common symptoms, causes, complications, and preventions. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not properly use insulin to regulate blood sugar levels, resulting in high blood glucose that can damage organs over time if not managed. Key risk factors include obesity and lack of physical activity. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through diet, exercise, and weight management can help prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views11 pages

    TYPE 2 Diabetes Mellitus Project

    Uploaded by

    humaidali saiyed
    This document provides an overview of type 2 diabetes, including what it is, how insulin works, common symptoms, causes, complications, and preventions. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not properly use insulin to regulate blood sugar levels, resulting in high blood glucose that can damage organs over time if not managed. Key risk factors include obesity and lack of physical activity. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through diet, exercise, and weight management can help prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Diabetes

    Mellitus
    Type II
    From – Mohammed Mazin Saiyed {RJ}
    Class XII - C
    INDEX:
    • What is type 2 diabetes?
    • What is Insulin? How it works?
    • Role of GLUCOSE.
    • What are symptoms of Type 2
    Diabetes?
    • What are the causes of Type 2
    Diabetes?
    • What are the complications of
    Type 2 diabetes?
    • What are the preventions for Type
    2 diabetes?
    • BIBLIOGRAPHY
    • What is type 2
    diabetes?
    • Type 2 diabetes is a long-term condition
    that occurs when the body doesn't
    use insulin properly.
    • Type 2 diabetes, the most common type
    of diabetes, is a disease that occurs
    when your blood glucose, also called
    blood sugar, is too high. Blood glucose is
    your main source of energy and comes
    mainly from the food you eat. Insulin, a
    hormone made by the pancreas, helps
    glucose get into your cells to be used for
    energy.
    • In type 2 diabetes, your body doesn’t
    make enough insulin or doesn’t use
    insulin well. Too much glucose then stays
    in your blood, and not enough reaches
    your cells.
    • What is Insulin?
    How it works?
    • Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone
    made by your pancreas that helps your
    body use sugar for energy. If your
    pancreas doesn’t work as it should, it
    may not make or release the insulin you
    need to control your blood sugars,
    resulting in diabetes.
    • Insulin moves glucose from your blood
    into cells all over your body. Glucose
    comes from both food and your body’s
    own natural release of stored glucose
    • Once insulin opens your cell doors,
    glucose can leave your bloodstream and
    move into your cells where you use it for
    energy. Without enough insulin, glucose
    can’t get into your cells and instead
    builds up in your blood.
    • Role of GLUCOSE

    • Glucose :- A sugar ,is a main source


    of energy for the cells that make up
    muscles and other tissues. The use
    and regulation of glucose includes the
    following:
    • Glucose comes from two major
    sources: food and the liver.
    • Glucose is absorbed into the
    bloodstream, where it enters cells
    with the help of insulin.
    • The liver stores and makes glucose.
    • When glucose levels are low, the liver
    breaks down stored glycogen into
    glucose to keep the body's glucose
    level within a healthy range.
    • What are the
    symptoms of Type
    2 Diabetes?
    • Symptoms of diabetes include :
    • Increased thirst and urination
    • Increased hunger
    • Fatique
    • Blurred vision
    • Numbness or tingling in the feet or
    hands
    • Sores that do not heal
    • Unexplained weight loss
    • What are the
    causes of type 2
    Diabetes?
    • Type 2 diabetes is mainly the
    result of :
    • Cells in muscle, fat and the liver
    become resistant to insulin As a result,
    the cells don't take in enough sugar.
    • The pancreas can't make enough
    insulin to keep blood sugar levels
    within a healthy range.
    • Being overweight and inactive are key
    contributing factors.
    • Overweight and obesity
    • Not being physically active
    • Insulin resistance
    • Genes
    • What are the
    complications of
    Type 2 Diabetes?
    • Heart and blood vessel
    disease: Diabetes is associated with an
    increased risk of heart disease, stroke, high
    blood pressure and narrowing of blood
    vessels, a condition called atherosclerosis.

    • Nerve damage in limbs: This condition is


    called neuropathy. High blood sugar over
    time can damage or destroy nerves. That
    may result in tingling, numbness, burning,
    pain or eventual loss of feeling that usually
    begins at the tips of the toes or fingers and
    gradually spreads upward.

    • Other nerve damage: Damage to nerves


    of the heart can contribute to irregular heart
    rhythms. Nerve damage in the digestive
    system can cause problems with nausea,
    vomiting, diarrhoea or constipation. Nerve
    damage also may cause erectile dysfunction.
    • Kidney disease: Diabetes may lead to chronic
    kidney disease or end-stage kidney disease that can't
    be reversed. That may require dialysis or a kidney
    transplant.
    • Eye damage: Diabetes increases the risk of serious
    eye diseases, such as cataracts and glaucoma, and may
    damage the blood vessels of the retina, potentially
    leading to blindness.
    • Skin conditions: Diabetes may raise the risk of
    some skin problems, including bacterial and fungal
    infections.
    • Slow healing: Left untreated, cuts and blisters can
    become serious infections, which may heal poorly.
    Severe damage might require toe, foot or leg
    amputation.
    • Hearing impairment: Hearing problems are more
    common in people with diabetes.
    • Dementia: Type 2 diabetes seems to increase the risk
    of Alzheimer's disease and other disorders that cause
    dementia. Poor control of blood sugar is linked to a
    more rapid decline in memory and other thinking
    skills.
    • What are the
    preventions for type
    2 Diabetes?
    • Healthy lifestyle choices can help prevent type 2
    diabetes. If you've received a diagnosis of prediabetes,
    lifestyle changes may slow or stop the progression to
    diabetes.
    • A healthy lifestyle includes:
    • Eating healthy foods: Choose foods lower in fat and
    calories and higher in fibres. Focus on fruits, vegetables
    and whole grains.
    • Getting active: Aim for 150 or more minutes a week of
    moderate to vigorous aerobic activity, such as a brisk
    walk, bicycling, running or swimming.
    • Losing weight: If you are overweight, losing a modest
    amount of weight and keeping it off may delay the
    progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes. If you
    have prediabetes, losing 7% to 10% of your body weight
    may reduce the risk of diabetes.
    • Avoiding long stretches of inactivity: Sitting still
    for long periods of time can increase the risk of type 2
    diabetes. Try to get up every 30 minutes and move
    around for at least a few minutes.
    • Bibliography:

    • NIDDK
    • WIKIPEDIA
    • NCERT TEXTBOOK
    • MAYO CLINIC

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