GENERAL MATHEMATICS REVIEWER NOTE:

Leading Term – ito yung may pinakamataas na exponent sa isang expression.

COVERAGE: Leading Coefficient – ito yung number na nasa leading term.
- RATIONAL FUNCTION Example: 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 4
- EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION Leading Term: 2𝑥 2
- LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION Leading Coefficient: 2

Definition of Terms: SOLVING RATIONAL FUNCTION

Domain – the domain of a function is the set of all values that the variable Example:
x can take. 𝒙−𝟐
Range – the range of a function is the set of all values that the variable y 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝒙+𝟐
can take.
Zeros – The zeros of a function are the values of x which make the function Find the ff:
zero. Domain, Range, Zeros, Vertical Asymptote, and Horizontal Asymptote.
X – intercept – is the x-coordinate of the point where the graph crosses the
x-axis. Domain
Y – intercept – is the y-coordinate of the point where the graph crosses the Since the domain is the set of all values that x can take, it means that it is
y-axis. the value that you may substitute to x wherein the function will not be
undefined.
𝒙−𝟐
ASYMPTOTES 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝒙+𝟐
Vertical Asymptote – they are the restrictions on the x-values of a reduced In our example, this will be undefined if the denominator will be equal to
rational function. To find the restrictions, equate the denominator to 0 and zero. To make it easier, just EQUATE the denominator to ZERO.
solve for x. 𝒙+𝟐=𝟎
Then solve for x.
Horizontal Asymptote 𝒙 = −𝟐, therefore -2 is the restricted value for x.
Let n be the exponent of the LEADING TERM of the numerator and m be the
exponent of the LEADING TERM of the denominator: Domain: {𝒙|𝒙 𝑬 𝑹, 𝒙 ≠ −𝟐}
- If n < m, y = 0
𝑎
- If n = m, y = 𝑏 , where a is the leading coefficient of the numerator
and b is the leading coefficient of the denominator.
- If n > m, there is no horizontal asymptote or no restricted value for y.
Zeros Vertical Asymptote: Since this is the restricted value for x, get the
This is the value of x that will make the function equal to ZERO. To make it restricted value of our domain, that will be our vertical asymptote.
easier, EQUATE the NUMERATOR to ZERO. 𝒙 = −𝟐
𝑥−2 Horizontal Asymptote: Since this is the restricted value for y, get the
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+2 restricted value of our range, that will be our horizontal asymptote.
So, x – 2 = 0 𝒚 = 𝟏
Then solve for x:
SOLVING INVERSE FUNCTION
x=2
The process of finding the inverse of a one-to-one function:
Zeros: x = 2
1. Change the f(x) to y
2. Interchange the x and y
Range
3. Solve for y in terms of x
To get the range, at first you need to find the restricted value in y, to get
that, you may use the conditions in horizontal asymptote:
Example:
Let n be the exponent of the LEADING TERM of the numerator and m be the
𝒙+𝟏
exponent of the LEADING TERM of the denominator: 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝟐
- If n < m, y = 0
𝑎
- If n = m, y = 𝑏 , where a is the leading coefficient of the numerator 1. Change the f(x) to y
and b is the leading coefficient of the denominator. 𝒙+𝟏
𝒚=
- If n > m, there is no horizontal asymptote or no restricted value for y. 𝟐

𝑥−2 2. Interchange the x and y

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝒚+𝟏
𝑥+2 𝒙=
𝟐
LEADING TERM OF NUMERATOR: x
LEADING TERM OF DENOMINATOR: x 3. Solve for y in terms of x
n=1 𝒚+𝟏
m=1 𝒙=
𝟐
Therefore, n = m, so you’re going to get the LEADING COEFFICIENTS of the Cross multiply: 𝟐𝒙 = 𝒚 + 𝟏
1 Isolate y: 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝒚
LEADING TERM which will be 𝑦 = 1
Then, 𝒚 = 𝟏
Range: {𝒚|𝒚 𝑬 𝑹, 𝒚 ≠ 𝟏} Inverse function: 𝒚′ = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF AN INVERSE FUNCTION Example:

First, get the domain and range of the original function. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟗
𝒙+𝟏
ORIGINAL FUNCTION: 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐
Find the ff:
NOTE: If the function is linear, the domain and range will always be all
Domain, Range, Intercepts, Zeros, Asymptote
real numbers. (linear function – kapag 1 lang ang exponent ng LEADING
First: Identify the parts
TERM)
Let: 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂 • 𝒃𝑷(𝒙) + 𝒉
Domain: {𝒙|𝒙 𝑬 𝑹}
Range: {𝒚|𝒚 𝑬 𝑹} 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟗
𝒂 = 𝟏
𝒃 = 𝟑
After you got the domain and range of the original function, just get their
𝒑(𝒙) = 𝒙
inverse, the domain of the original function will be the range of an inverse
𝒉 = −𝟗
function, the range of the original function will be the domain of an
inverse function.
Then, you may find the domain and range:

INVERSE FUNCTION: 𝒚′ = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏
Domain: {𝒙|𝒙 𝑬 𝑹}
Domain: {𝒙|𝒙 𝑬 𝑹}
Range: {𝒚|𝒚 𝑬 𝑹}
If a > 0 then you will also use “>” symbol, then copy the value of h. So,
our range will be:
SOLVING EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION
Range: {𝒚|𝒚 𝑬 𝑹, 𝒚 > −𝟗}

Intercepts
x-intercepts: (𝟐, 𝟎) y-intercepts: (𝟎, −𝟖)

Let y = 0 Let x = 0

𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟗 𝒚 = 𝟑𝟎 − 𝟗
𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟗 𝒚= 𝟏−𝟗
𝟎 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟗 𝒚 = −𝟖
𝟗 = 𝟑𝒙
𝟑𝟐 = 𝟑𝒙
2=x
The VALUE of x is also called ZEROS. SINCE THE BASES ARE EQUAL, YOU MAY GET THE EXPONENTS.
We already solved the value of x in our x-intercept and that is: 𝟐(𝟒𝒙) = 𝟑(𝒙 − 𝟓)
𝒙 = 𝟐 𝟖𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓
Therefore, our ZEROS: 𝒙 = 𝟐 Then solve for x:

Asymptote: In exponential we only have HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE, to 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟑𝒙 = −𝟏𝟓

find the asymptote, just get the value of 𝒉 in our function.
𝟓𝒙 = −𝟏𝟓
Going back to our example a while ago: 𝟓𝒙 −𝟏𝟓
=
Let: 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂 • 𝒃𝑷(𝒙) + 𝒉 𝟓 𝟓
𝒙 = −𝟑
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟗
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟗
𝒂 = 𝟏
𝒃 = 𝟑 2. 𝟐𝒙+𝟒 > 𝟖
𝒑(𝒙) = 𝒙 SAME PROCESS WITH GETTING THE X VALUE OF EXPONENTIAL
𝒉 = −𝟗 EQUATION.

Therefore, our asymptote will be: 𝒚 = −𝟗 Solution:

𝟐𝒙+𝟒 > 𝟐𝟑
SOLVING X FOR EXPONENTIAL EQUATION AND INEQUALITY 𝒙+𝟒> 𝟑
1. 𝟒𝟒𝒙 = 𝟖𝒙−𝟓 𝒙>𝟑−𝟒
NOTE: YOU MUST HAVE A SAME VALUE OF BASE FOR YOU TO BE ABLE TO 𝒙 > −𝟏
GET THE EXPONENTS.
Solution:

𝟒𝟒𝒙 = 𝟖𝒙−𝟓
𝟐𝟐(𝟒𝒙) = 𝟐𝟑(𝒙−𝟓)
SOLVING LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION x-intercepts
Let y = 0
First, you need to know how to transform logarithmic to exponential and
𝒚 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 (𝒙 − 𝟏)
vice versa.
𝟎 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 (𝒙 − 𝟏)

𝑥 = 25 Transform it into exponential function:

𝟑𝟎 = 𝒙 − 𝟏
exponent Then solve for x:
base
𝟏=𝒙−𝟏
𝟏+𝟏=𝒙
Example:
𝟐 = 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 (𝒙 − 𝟏)
X intercept: (𝟐, 𝟎)
Find the ff:
Zeros: Since we already solved for the value of x, our zeros will be:
Domain, Range, x-intercept, Zeros, Vertical Asymptote.
𝒙=𝟐
Domain:
Vertical Asymptote: Going back to the domain, our domain are the values
Get the ARGUMENT. that are greater than 1, meaning, 1 is the restricted value for this
In our example, our argument is (𝑥 − 1) logarithmic function. Then, our vertical asymptote will be:

So, 𝑥 – 1 should be > 0 𝒙=𝟏

𝑥– 1 > 0 SOLVING LOGARITHMIC EQUATION

𝑥 > 1 1.

Then our domain will be:

Domain: {𝒙|𝒙 > 𝟏}
Range: In logarithmic, it is always all set of real numbers.
Range: {𝒚|𝒚 𝑬 𝑹}
SOLVING LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITY Use the law of logarithm to EXPAND this:
1.

Solution:

LAWS OF LOGARITHM Use the law of logarithm to CONDENSE this: