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Form 3 worksheets WORKBOOK

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UNIT 3.0: MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

3.1-The Nature of Matter

Atoms, molecules and Elements

1. Fig. 16.1 shows representations of elements, compounds and mixtures.

Choose the letter which represents

(a) a compound, .....................

(b) an element, .....................

(c) a diatomic molecule, .....................

(d) a mixture. ..................... [4]

2. Complete the following by filling in the blanks.

(a) An element is a pure substance containing only one kind of ____________.

(b) A molecule is a pure substance containing two or more _________________ chemically

combined.

(c) An element _____________ be separated into simpler materials (except during nuclear
reactions).

(d) Molecules can only be _____________________ separated, not physically.

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3. The most common isotope of phosphorus has the symbol .

(a) How many protons and neutrons are there in one atom of this isotope?

number of protons ......................................

number of neutrons ...................................... [2]

(b) What is the difference between this isotope and the other isotopes of phosphorus?

.........................................................................................................................................................

………......................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Complete Fig. 2.1 to show the electronic structure of .

(d) Name another element that has the same number of outer shell electrons as phosphorus.

………....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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4. (a) Complete Fig. 5.2 to show the electronic structure of .

(b) Name the element represented by the symbol Mg.

……………...……………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(c) The atomic mass of an isotope of the above element is 25.

Calculate the number of neutrons in a nucleus of this isotope.

…................................................................................................................................................ [1]

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Periodic Table

1. The structure of an atom of fluorine is shown in Fig. 10.1.

(a) For this atom, state

(i) the proton number, .................................................

(ii) the nucleon number. ................................................. [2]

(b) Complete Fig. 10.1 to show the electronic structure of this atom of fluorine. [1]

(c) Fluorine is in Group VII of the Periodic Table.

(i) State the general name given to the elements in Group VII.

………......................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State how the reactivity of the elements changes as the group is descended.

………......................................................................................................................................... [1]

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2. The electronic structures of various atoms are shown below.

(a) (i) Which one of these structures A to E represents a noble gas?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(ii) Which two of these structures represent atoms from the same Group of the Periodic Table?

……………………………….…………….. and ……………………………………………………… [1]

(iii) Which one of these structures represents an atom with an atomic number of 8?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(iv) Which one of these structures is in Period 3 of the Periodic Table?

………………………………...…………………………………………………………………………. [1]

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3. Table 5.1 shows the elements of the third period of the Periodic Table with their electronic
structures.

(a) Describe how the metallic character of these elements changes across the period.

……………………………..…………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(b) State the relationship between the metallic character of an element and its electronic
structure.

………………………………………...…………………………………………………………………. [1]

(c) State and explain which period these elements belong to?

……………………………………………….………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………...……………………………………………………. [2]

(d) Draw the electronic structure of aluminum.

[1]

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4. Figure 3 shows the electron arrangement of a different atom from an element in the second
row of the periodic table.

(a) Give the chemical symbol of this element.

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Why is this element unreactive?

……………...……………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

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Compounds and Mixtures

1. State which of the following statements best describes a Compound or Mixture.

(a) Can be separated into their components by chemical or physical means……………………....

(b) Properties are usually different than the properties of the elements it contains. ……………….

(c) A pure substance containing two or more kinds of elements. …………………………………….

(d) Properties are similar to the properties of its components. …………………………… [4]

2. Which box (A,B,C,D,E) represents an element, compound, molecule and mixture.

A ………………………………………………….

B ………………………………………………….

C ………………………………………………….

D ………………………………………………….

E …………………………………………………... [5]

3. Complete the table below about compounds, mixtures and their constituents.

Compound constituent atom

carbon, oxygen
water
calcium, carbon, oxygen

Mixture Constituents
nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour
Steel
copper, zinc

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Boiling and Melting Points of Pure Substances

1. Kagiso was given ice blocks to determine the boiling point of water. He presented his result
on a graph below.

Study the heating curve below to answer questions that follow.

(a) (i) Explain why the temperature remained constant at plateau 2?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(ii) Which change of state of matter is taking place at plateau 2?

………………………...…………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(b) Explain the increase of temperature at plateau 3.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(c) What state of water is at plateau 5?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

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(d) On the space below sketch a cooling curve of the experiment above.

2. Briefly explain what happens to the particles of a substance that is:

(a) Boiling

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………...………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

(b) Freezing

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………...………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

(c) Melting

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………...…………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

3. Describe the effects of impurities on the freezing and boiling points of substances.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

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Separation Techniques

1. Diagrams P,Q and R below shows some methods for separating mixtures. Use the diagrams
to answer question 1.

(a) Name the methods shown in P,Q and R above.

P ……………………………………………………….

Q ……………………………………………………….

R ………………………………………………………. [3]

(b) Which of the three diagrams shows a method which can be used to separate,

(i) a salt solution, ……………………………………………..

(ii) ink? ……………………………………………… [2]

(c) What is the use of ethanol in the method shown in diagram Q?

…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….. [1]

(d) What would be the effect of using hot water instead of ice in the method shown in diagram
P?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

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(e) Give the term to describe pure water formed in the method shown in diagram P.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...………………. [1]

2. Use the information and the diagram below to answer question 1.

Traditional alcohol is made by mixing malt powder, sugar and plenty of water. The mixture is
allowed to ferment for 2-3 days in a warm room. The mixture is then boiled to separate the
traditional alcohol as shown in the set-up below.

(a) Name the separation technique used above.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]

b) In this set- up, what is the purpose of the cold water in the trough?

………………………………………………………………………………………….……..………... [1]

c) Explain why the pipe passing through the trough is at the bottom rather than at the top.

…………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3]

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3. The set-up below was used to illustrate how salty water can be desalinated.

(a) Name the desalination method used.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(b) Describe how pure water is obtained in the desalination process illustrated above.

………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………...…………………………………………………. [3]

(c) Ice- cubes are to be added to water from time to time.

Explain what will happen if ice- cubes are not added?

…………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………

………………………………………………..…………………….……………………………………. [2]

(d) State two physical properties of water.

…………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

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4. The diagram below shows a chromatogram obtained using solutions of three single dyes of
colours blue, green and red three other samples H,I, and J. Use it to answer question 4.

(a) Which of the samples H, I and/or J contain the following;

(i) One dye only?

…………………………………………………………………………………...………………………. [1]

(i) A dye other than blue, green or red?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…. [1]

(b) Which dye is present in all samples?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(c) Explain why the starting line of the chromatogram should be drawn with a pencil rather than
with ink.

……………………………………………………….………………………………………………………

………………………………………………….……………...………………………………………… [2]

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5. Student was asked to separate a mixture consisting of copper metal powder and sodium
chloride powder. Copper metal powder is insoluble in water. Sodium chloride powder is
soluble in water.

Using the list of apparatus and materials below, describe a procedure that the student can
follow to obtain copper metal from the mixture. You may use a diagram to support your answer.

Filter paper evaporating dish chromatograph paper funnel

Beakers

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [5]

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3.2-Acids and Bases

Classes of Acids and Bases

1. Vinegar is a weak acid used to remove limescale from kettles.

(a) Explain the meaning of the term weak acid?

.........................................................................................................................................................

………......................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The pH of an aqueous solution of vinegar can be determined using a pH scale.

(i) Define the term pH.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(ii) What is likely to be the pH of vinegar?

………………...…………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

1. When ammonia is dissolved in water, an alkaline solution is produced.

(a) (i) State the colour of Universal Indicator paper after it has been dipped into the solution.

.......................................................... [1]

(ii) Which ion in the solution causes it to be alkaline?

.......................................................... [1]

(b) When sulphuric acid is added to ammonia solution in a titration experiment, ammonium
sulphate is produced.

(i) What pH is ammonium sulphate likely to be?

…………………………………………… [1]

(c) Sulphuric acid is a strong acid.

(i) Differentiate between strong and weak acid.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

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(d) Only 25% of sulphuric acid was used to neutralize 75% of ammonia.

(i) Describe the concentration and strength of both sulphuric acid and ammonia?

Sulphuric acid …………………………………………………………………………………………...

Ammonia ………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

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Reactions of Acids with Bases

1. The diagram shows the changes in pH in a student’s mouth after she has eaten a sweet.

(a) Describe how the acidity in the student’s mouth changes after she has eaten the sweet.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(b) (i) Chewing a sweet stimulates the formation of saliva. Saliva is slightly alkaline. Use this
information to explain the shape of the graph.

……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(ii) State the name of the type of reaction which occurs when an acid reacts with an alkali.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

2. Ammonium nitrate can be made by adding nitric acid to a solution of ammonia.

(a) Complete the word equation for this reaction.

Ammonia + nitric acid Ammonium nitrate + …………………………….………….… [1]

(ii) State two application of this type of reaction in everyday life.

…………………………………………………………………...………………………………………...

…...……………………………………………………………….…………………………………….. [2]

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Reactions of Acids with Metals

1. Magnesium reacts with nitric acid to produce hydrogen gas.

(a) Describe the test for the presence of hydrogen gas.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

(b) Name another product from the above mentioned reaction.

…………………………...………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(c) State one application of acid- metal reaction in everyday life.

…………………………………...………………………………………………………………………. [1]

Rate of Chemical Reactions

1. A student carried out an experiment to determine the rate of reaction of calcium carbonate
with excess hydrochloric acid.

(a) Complete the word equation below.

Hydrochloric acid + Calcium carbonate Carbon dioxide gas +……………… + ……………..

[2]

(b) He recorded the loss of mass of the reaction mixture over a period of time.

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(i) Explain why the reaction mixture decreases in mass.

……………….............................................................................................................................. [1]

He carried out the reaction at constant temperature using 2 g of calcium carbonate in small
pieces. The hydrochloric acid was in excess.

He plotted his results on a grid. This is shown below.

(ii) At what time has the reaction just finished?

................... s [1]

(iii) From the graph, deduce the loss in mass in the first 100 seconds.

................... g [1]

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(iv) The student repeated the experiment keeping everything the same except for the size of the
pieces of calcium carbonate. He used smaller pieces of calcium carbonate but the mass used
was the same.

On the grid above, draw a line to show how the loss of mass changes with time when smaller
pieces of calcium carbonate are used. [2]

(v) State the effect of increasing the concentration of hydrochloric acid on the rate (speed) of
this reaction when all other factors remain constant.

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

2. A student used the apparatus shown below to investigate the speed of reaction when large
lumps of zinc reacted with excess sulfuric acid.

Zinc + sulphuric acid → zinc sulphate + hydrogen

(a) As the reaction proceeds, describe what happens to

(i) The concentration of zinc sulphate in the solution in the flask.

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain, using ideas about colliding particles, what happens to the speed of this reaction
when larger particles of zinc are used.

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(b) The student’s results are shown below.

(i) Plot a graph of volume of hydrogen against time. Use the axes below.

(i) Use your graph to calculate the time taken to produce 25 cm³ volume of hydrogen.

……………………………………….............................................................................................. [1]

(ii) The reaction between zinc and sulphuric acid is catalysed by copper (II) sulfate solution.
What do you understand by the term catalyst?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

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3.5-Metals and Non-metals

Properties and Uses of Metals and Non-metals

1. State three physical properties which are characteristic of all metals.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. [3]

2. State three physical properties which are characteristic of all non-metals.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...………. [3]

3. The list below shows some of the substances which are found in the liquid which drains
through the waste.

From this list choose

(a) a metal used to galvanise iron. .......................................................

(b) a metal which is used to make aircraft bodies. .......................................................

(c) a non-metallic gas that supports burning ………………………………………

(d) a non-metallic solid used in matches ………………………………………

(e) a non-metallic gas used to sterilize water ……………………………………….

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4. Fig. 1.1 shows an experiment to compare how three metals react with dilute hydrochloric
acid.

In two of the test-tubes, bubbles of a gas G are produced. Gas G is an element.

(a) State the name of gas G.

……….……………………………………………………………………………………………...…… [1]

(b) List the three metals X, copper, magnesium in order of reactivity.

most reactive ……………………………………

……..……………………………

least reactive……………………………………. [2]

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5. A piece of sodium metal attached to a copper wire was left for a few days as shown in the
diagram below. Use the diagram to answer question 5.

(a) The sodium reacted with one of the gases in the air under the test tube to form an oxide.

(i) Name the gas that reacted with sodium?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(ii) Write the word equation for the reaction

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(iii) What happened to the water level inside the test tube after the reaction?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(iv) Explain your answer in (iii)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(b) Give one physical property of water.

…………………………………………………………..……………………………………………….. [1]

(c) Name one element found in the same group with sodium in the periodic table.

……………………………………………………………….…………………………………………... [1]

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The Chemical Process of Rusting

1. When Group I elements react with water, hydrogen gas is given off.
The diagram shows the reaction of lithium, potassium and sodium with water.

(a) Which one of these elements A, B or C is lithium?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(b) (i) Write the equation for the reaction of sodium with water by completing the right-hand side.

sodium + water ………………………….. + ……………………………. [1]

(ii) Apart from fizzing, describe two things that you would see when sodium reacts with water.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

After the sodium had reacted with the water, the solution was tested with red litmus paper.

What colour did the litmus paper turn?

Colour………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Reason………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

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2. A student investigates various methods of protecting iron from rusting. She sets up four
tubes as shown in the diagram below.

(i) Tube 1 contains unprotected iron. What is the purpose of this experiment?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the names of the two substances needed for iron to rust.

.......................................................... and .......................................................... [2]

(iii) Explain why the iron in tube 4 does not rust.

.........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Explain why the iron in tube 3 eventually rusts.

.........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

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Carbon

1. Forms of carbon are diamond and graphite.

(a) State two differences in structure between graphite and diamond.

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Which of the two allotropes conduct electricity?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Explain ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(b) Suggest why graphite is used as a lubricant.

Refer to the layers in your answer.

.........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(a) State one structural use for diamond.

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

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Mining Techniques

1. Fig. 11.1 shows a blast furnace for the extraction of iron from iron ore.

(a) Name an ore from which iron is extracted. .................................................................. [1]

(b) In the extraction of iron, the iron ore is reduced by carbon monoxide.

(i) Complete the word equation for the reduction of iron ore.

Iron (II) Oxide + Carbon monoxide ……………………….. + ………………………….. [2]

(ii) Explain what is meant by reduction.

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Name two raw materials added to the blast furnace.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]

(i) Which one of the raw materials is added to the blast furnace to help remove the impurities
from the iron ore?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]

(ii) The impurities are removed as a slag. Which letter on the diagram shows the slag?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]

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2. The diagram below illustrates the stages in extraction of copper from its ore:

(a) What is meant by the term ore?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(b) The main copper ore contains copper Sulphide.

(i) In the first stage of extraction copper Sulphide is heated with air. Complete the word
equation below.

Copper Sulphide + ………………… Copper Oxide + …………………...…………….. [2]

(ii) In the second stage copper oxide is reduced using carbon. Describe and explain what
happens during this reaction.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… [3]

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Radioactive Materials

1. Radioactive materials are stored in a cupboard.

(a) Which of the symbols shown in Fig. 12.2 is used on the door of the cupboard to warn of the
radiation hazard? Tick one box.

[1]

(b) State two other safety precautions that should be taken when storing the radioactive
substances in the cupboard.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………...…………………. [2]

(c) What is radioactivity?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….. [1]

(d) Complete the following paragraph using the words below.

lead mutations hazard leukaemia greenhouse

Radiation cause ……………. of DNA. One disease caused by radiation is …………………,

which is a type of cancer. Radioactive materials should be kept in …………. containers.

All radioactive materials should be labelled with correct ………. sign. A merit of nuclear energy

is that it does not produce ………………………. gases. [5]

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UNIT 5.0: FORCE MOTION AND ENERGY

5.4-Motion

Newton’s Laws of Motion

1. (a) A string is used to pull a cube across a smooth horizontal surface.

This is shown in Fig. 2.1.

The cube has a mass of 0.20 kg. The constant force accelerating the cube is 0.32 N.
Calculate the acceleration of the cube.

acceleration = ..................... units ................... [3]

(b) On Earth, the gravitational field strength g = 10 N / kg.

Calculate the weight of the cube.

weight = ............................................. N [1]

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2. Fig. 2.1 shows two horizontal forces that act on a car. Force B is caused by air resistance
and friction.

The car is travelling along a straight level road.

(a) Describe the motion of the car.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(b) The mass of the car is 800 kg.

(i) Force A increased to accelerate the car at 1.5 m/s².

Calculate the force net.

F-net = ………… N [2]

(ii) Calculate the amount of force A that caused the acceleration of 1.5 m/s².

Force A …….. N [1]

(e) Explain the term inertia.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

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3. Fig. 9.2 shows the rocket as it takes off.

The rocket has a mass of 2000 kg and its accelerate upwards at 4m/s².

(a) Calculate the weight of the rocket. (Gravity = 9.8 m/s²)

W= ……. N [2]

(b) Calculate the magnitude of the resultant force responsible for the acceleration of the rocket.

F-net = ……… direction…………….. [3]

(c) Which newton’s law of motion is applied above to make the rocket accelerate upwards?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

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5.7-Machines

Simple Machines

1. The diagram below shows Thabo and Neo playing on a see- saw.

(a) On the diagram clearly label the:

(i) Pivot

(ii) Effort when Neo is moving up [2]

(b) Thabo has a mass of 65kg. Calculate his weight (g= 9.8N/kg)

Weight= ……………………………… N [2]

(c) State what Neo should do to lift Thabo up yet applying less effort.

.………………………………………………………...………………………………………………… [1]

(d) Name the class of levers a see-saw is classified under.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

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Turning Effect of Force

1. Fig. 4.1 shows a crowbar that is used to lift a heavy object.

A force of 25 N is applied at a distance of 90 cm from the pivot P. The load F on the lever is
5.0 cm from pivot P. The directions of the 25 N force and of the load F are both at right-angles
to the lever.
(a) Calculate the load F on the lever.

…………………………….. [2]

(b) The effort is then moved 80 cm from the pivot. State how this will affect force applied at the
effort. Tick the appropriate box.

Increase

Decrease

Explain………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

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2. Fig. 12.1 shows a spanner being used.

A moment of 30 N m is needed to tighten the nut.

(a) Calculate the force applied to the spanner.

force = ..............................................N [2]

(b) The force needed to undo the bolt is smaller when a spanner with a longer handle is used.

Explain why.

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [2]

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3. The diagram below shows a crane used to lift heavy loads. W is the weight of the counter
weight. Use the diagram to answer question 3.

(a) The crane is in equilibrium

[1]

(b) Calculate the moment of the load about the pivot.

Moment ………………………………….[2]

(c) Calculate force W of the counter weight.

W= ……………………………… N [2]

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UNIT 7.0: THE HUMAN BODY

7.4-Body Systems

The Skeletal System

1. Diagram 1 shows a bent human arm. Diagram 2 is the cross section of the upper arm taken
through the line X- Y to show the humerus bone and structure L and M.

(a) Name the following structures.

L ………………………………………

M …………………………………….. [2]

(b) What type of tissue is L and M.

………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………. [1]

(c) What actions of structure L and M will make the arm to straighten?

L ……………………………………..………………………………………………………………………

M ………………………………………..……………...……………………………………………….. [2]

(d) Name the type of joint at the elbow.

..…………………………………………..……………………………………………………………... [1]

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2. Fig. 8.1 shows the bones and muscles of a human leg.

(a) Muscles in the leg work antagonistically.

(i) State which muscle is antagonistic to muscle A.

………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………. [1]

(ii) Explain what is meant by antagonistic.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(b) Name the type of joint formed by the knee joint.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(c) List at least two functions of the skeleton.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………..………………………….. [2]

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UNIT 8.0: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETIS

8.1-Electrical Energy

Electric Resistance

1. A circuit diagram containing two lamps P and Q is shown in Fig. 3.1.

The switch is now closed.

(a) Calculate the resistance at lamp P.

resistance = .................. [2]

The resistance of lamp Q is 40.

(b) Calculate the total resistance of the circuit.

resistance = .................. [3]

(c) Determine the current in the circuit at

(i) point A, ........................... A

(ii) point B, ........................... A [2]

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(d) State the reason why the current passing through the bulbs is not equal.

………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………. [1]

(e) The two lamps are then connected in series.

(i) What will happen to the brightness of the bulbs?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………...…… [1]

(ii) Explain your answer in (e) (i).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

2. A circuit diagram containing three resistors P, Q and R is shown in Fig. 12.1.

(a) Calculate the combined resistance of resistors P, Q and R.

resistance = ...................................................... Ω [2]

(b) The circuit is switched on for 40 seconds.

The current in resistor P is 0.5 A.

(i) Calculate the potential difference (p.d.) across resistor P.

potential difference = ................. [2]

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(ii) Calculate the charge passing through resistor P in 40 seconds.

charge = ....................... C [1]

(c) Explain why resistor R is the resistor with the largest potential difference across it.

.........................................................................................................................................................

…................................................................................................................................................ [1]

3. Three resistors of 5 Ω, 3 Ω, and 15 Ω are connected in parallel. This parallel combination is

connected in series with a 10 Ω resistor.

(a) Calculate the total resistance of this set of resistors.

resistance = ………. Ω [3]

(b) Explain why

(i) parallel resistors are called current dividers.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(ii) series resistors are called potential dividers.

…………………...………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

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UNIT 9.0: THE SOLAR SYSTEM

9.2-Astronomy

Space Exploration

1. The satellite is placed into orbit by a rocket.

These are some of the technologies used in space exploration.

(a) State one possible benefit of space exploration using the listed technologies.

Technology Benefits
(i) rocket

(ii) satellite

(b) Name any other technology that maybe used to explore space from the surface of the earth.

……………………………...……………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(c) Define astronomy.

………………...…………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(d) Name one field of astronomy.

………………………...…………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

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