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Sound Chapter Notes Class IX

The document discusses several topics related to sound, including: 1) The minimum distance needed to hear an echo is about 17 meters, calculated using the speed of sound and time for an echo to return. 2) Reverberation in large halls is caused by repeated reflections of sound off walls, ceilings, and floors, which can make sounds blurred if reverberation is too long. Methods to reduce reverberation include adding sound absorbing panels and curtains. 3) The normal human hearing range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz, though some animals can hear lower or higher frequencies, and hearing aids amplify sounds to help those with hearing loss. Ultrasound above 20 kHz has various industrial and medical applications

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65 views

Sound Chapter Notes Class IX

The document discusses several topics related to sound, including: 1) The minimum distance needed to hear an echo is about 17 meters, calculated using the speed of sound and time for an echo to return. 2) Reverberation in large halls is caused by repeated reflections of sound off walls, ceilings, and floors, which can make sounds blurred if reverberation is too long. Methods to reduce reverberation include adding sound absorbing panels and curtains. 3) The normal human hearing range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz, though some animals can hear lower or higher frequencies, and hearing aids amplify sounds to help those with hearing loss. Ultrasound above 20 kHz has various industrial and medical applications

Uploaded by

bhavnoordeepsingh
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Minimum distance to hear an echo

Speed = Distance/Time
Here, Speed of sound in air=344 ms at 22 C
Time = 0.1 second
344 = Distance/0.1sec
Distance =344 x 0.1= 34.4 m
So,distance between reflecting surface and
audience = 34.4/2 = 17.2 (at 22 C).

- Rolling of thunder is due to multiple


reflection of sound of thunder from a number
of reflecting surfaces such as clouds and the
earth.
Reverberation

" The persistence of sound in a big hall due to


repeated reflection of sound from the walls,
ceiling and floor of the halliscalled
reverberation.

’ If reverberation is too long, sound


becomes blurred, distorted and confusing
due to overlapping of different sound.

Methods to reduce reverberation in big halls


or auditoriums

- Panels made of felt or compressed fibre


board are put on walls and ceiling to absorb
sound.

’ Heavy curtains are put on doors and


windows.

Carpets are put on the floor.


Seats are made of material having sound
absorbing properties.
Range of Hearing

(i) Range of hearing in human is 20 Hz to


20000 Hz.
’
Children younger than 5 years anddogs
can hear upto 25 KHz.

(ii) The sounds of frequencies lower than 20


Hz are known as infrasonic sounds.

’ Avibrating simple pendulum produces


infrasonic sounds.
- Rhinoceroses communicate each other
using frequencies as low as 5 Hz.
- Elephants and whales produces infrasonic
waves.

- Earthquakes produces infrasonic waves


(before shock waves)
which some animals can hear and get
disturbed.

(ii) The sounds of frequencies higher than 20


KHz are known as 'ultrasonic waves.
- Dogs, parpoises, dolphins, bats and rats
’

can hear ultrasonic sounds.


- Bats and rats can produce ultrasonic
sounds.

Hearing Aid

- Itis battery operated electronicdevice


used by persons who are hard of hearing.

’
-Microphone convert sound into electrical
signals, than those are amplified by amplifier.
Amplified signals are send to the speaker of
hearing aid. The speaker converts the
amplified signalto sound and sends toear for
clear hearing.

Applications of Ultrasound

(i) It is used to detect cracks in metal blocks in


industries without damaging them.
Applicationsof Ultrasound

(i) It is used to detect cracks in metal blocks in


industries without damaging them.

(ii) It is used in industries to clean 'hard to


reach' parts of objects such as spiral tubes,
odd shaped machines etc.

(iii) It is used to investigate the internal


organs of human body such as liver, gall
bladder, kidneys,uterus and heart.

(iv) Ecocardiography: These waves are used to


reflect the action of heart and its images are
formed. This technique is called
echocardiography.
(v) Ultrasonography: The technique of
obtaining pictures of internal organs of the
body by using echoes of ultrasound waves is
called ultrasonography.

(vi) Ultrasound is used to split tiny stones in


kidneys into fine grains.
Defect or flaw

Ulrasound Delectors

Metal Block
Ultrasound is reflected back from the
defective locations inside a metal block.

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