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    Lec 028

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    Saranya
    This document discusses obstacles in cylindrical waveguides. It analyzes a symmetrical obstacle represented as a two-port network with series and shunt elements. Transverse electric and magnetic fields are written for two regions separated by the obstacle using a modal analysis approach. Boundary conditions are applied at the obstacle location to relate the incident and reflected waves. This allows defining the self-reactance of a current sheet representing the coupling between a current source and the obstacle.

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    Lec 028

    Uploaded by

    Saranya
    7 views5 pages
    This document discusses obstacles in cylindrical waveguides. It analyzes a symmetrical obstacle represented as a two-port network with series and shunt elements. Transverse electric and magnetic fields are written for two regions separated by the obstacle using a modal analysis approach. Boundary conditions are applied at the obstacle location to relate the incident and reflected waves. This allows defining the self-reactance of a current sheet representing the coupling between a current source and the obstacle.

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    This document discusses obstacles in cylindrical waveguides. It analyzes a symmetrical obstacle represented as a two-port network with series and shunt elements. Transverse electric and magnetic fields are written for two regions separated by the obstacle using a modal analysis approach. Boundary conditions are applied at the obstacle location to relate the incident and reflected waves. This allows defining the self-reactance of a current sheet representing the coupling between a current source and the obstacle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views5 pages

    Lec 028

    Uploaded by

    Saranya
    This document discusses obstacles in cylindrical waveguides. It analyzes a symmetrical obstacle represented as a two-port network with series and shunt elements. Transverse electric and magnetic fields are written for two regions separated by the obstacle using a modal analysis approach. Boundary conditions are applied at the obstacle location to relate the incident and reflected waves. This allows defining the self-reactance of a current sheet representing the coupling between a current source and the obstacle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    RF and Microwave Networks

    Professor Bratin Ghosh


    Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering
    Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
    Lecture 28
    Obstacles in waveguides
    This lecture session focuses on the analysis of obstacles in waveguides. This is a very important
    problem as many kinds of obstacles can be present in the waveguide that realize different kinds
    of components.

    (Refer Slide Time: 01:06)

    Consider, a symmetrical object/obstacle in a cylindrical waveguide, about the cross-section T,


    which can be represented as a symmetrical two Port Network as shown in the Fig.1. So, this
    is a symmetrical obstacle, you can better write in a cylindrical waveguide. The two series
    elements are Zb, the shunt element is Za. At first consider the dominant mode sources in the
    cylindrical waveguide.

    (Refer Slide Time: 04:21)

    The waveguide section is terminated by magnetic conductor at z=0, over which the tangential
    magnetic field is 0 and is matched at z=- ∞. The waveguide is excited by a dominant source Js
    at Z=-l. The other side of the waveguide has the matched guide. So, the current source Js is
    located at a distance L from the magnetic conductor and this is my propagation Direction Z.
    So, this source Js is assumed to excite only the dominant mode, so this can be marked as figure
    2. So, this is the point Z equal to 0, this is the electric source and this is matched at Z equal to
    minus infinity.

    Let Superscripts (1) denote region -l<z<0

    (2) denote region z<-l

    Now, in region 1, there will be both an incident wave at Z = 0 such that the tangential magnetic
    field Ht=0 (magnetic conductor). From the previous week's lectures that the transverse fields
    for cylindrical waveguides can be written in terms of the modal currents and the modal
    voltages. Transverse fields for cylindrical waveguides are given by:

    (Refer Slide Time: 09:15)

    Et = eV and H t = hI (1)

    V = V + e − s + V − e + s and I =
    1
    Z0
    (
    V + e − s − V − e +  s ) (2)

    here as e and h are mode vectors, γ is the propagation constant in the waveguide and Z0 is the
    characteristic impedance. So, using this formalism or using these simple equations for the
    dominant mode essentially, transmission line equations, we can write down the transverse
    electric field and the transverse magnetic field in region 1 as below:

    ( )
    Et1 = A e− j z + e+ j  z e = 2 A cos(  z )e (3a)
    H t1 =
    Z0
    (
    A − j z
    e )
    − e+ j  z h = 2 A sin(  z )h
    (3b)

    Here β is the phase constant of the dominant mode, both of these are in region 1 comprising of
    the incident and the reflected fields.
    (Refer Slide Time: 13:10)

    In region 2, there will only be a wave propagating in a -z direction because it is matched at at


    z=- ∞. The fields in region 2 can be written as

    Et2 = Be + j  z e (4a)

    − B + j z (4b)
    H t2 = e h
    Z0

    (Refer Slide Time: 14:58)

    So, we now have the boundary conditions which is the continuity of the transverse magnetic
    field Ht at z =- l, from which we can determine a and b or determine the relationship between
    a and b. So, applying the continuity of the transverse electric field at z =- l, i.e. at the location
    of the current source JS, we have:

    Et1 = Et2
    = 2 A cos(  l )e = Be− j  l e
    (5)
    = B = 2 A cos(  l )e j  l

    Now, applying the boundary condition on H, at Z =- l, it can be written as:

    a z   H (1) − H (2)  = J sz (6)

    Substituting the values for H(1) and H(2), we get:

     2A − B − j l 
    a z  − sin(  l )h − e h = J s
     jZ 0 Z0 

    (Refer Slide Time: 19:20)

    Substitute B, from Eqn.5 we get.

     2A 2A 
    a  + j sin(  l )h + cos(  l )e j l e− j l h  = J s
     Z0 Z0 

     Js = −
    2A
    Z0
    2A
    ( cos  l + j sin  l ) = − e j l e
    Z0
     
    a  h = −e (7)

    So, now we are going to define a term that is Self-Reactance of a current sheet. So, the Self-
    Reactance for Coupling of a current sheet is given by
    (Refer Slide Time: 23:03)

     s, s =  E J s ds

    =−
    2 A j l 
    Z0
    e
     ( )
    A e− j l + e+ j l 

    =−
    2 A2
    Z0
    (
    1 + e2 j l ) (8)

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