What Is An 8D Report

What is an 8D report?
An 8D report is the result of an eight‐step process of problem‐solving designed to address

manufacturing nonconformances and implement continuous improvement. So‐called because the eight steps
are referred to as eight disciplines (8D), the 8D report arises from a structured approach to problem‐solving in
which a team is formed and commissioned to investigate the underlying causes of a manufacturing issue.
The goal of 8D nonconformity management is not simply to identify and correct a nonconformance
but to eliminate the root causes that may lead to its recurrence. The 8D report provides a record of the
problem, the root cause(s) identified, and corrective and preventive actions taken to eliminate the
circumstances under which the problem occurred.
In factories that have implemented a digital manufacturing operations management (MOM) solution,
the 8D report is a function guided and tracked as part of a quality management system (QMS). In fact, an
effective QMS automatically creates the 8D report, capturing data and information generated during the 8D
nonconformity management process.
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8D report
What is an 8D report?
An 8D report is the result of an eight‐step process of problem‐solving designed to address

manufacturing nonconformances and implement continuous improvement. So‐called because the eight steps
are referred to as eight disciplines (8D), the 8D report arises from a structured approach to problem‐solving in
which a team is formed and commissioned to investigate the underlying causes of a manufacturing issue.
The goal of 8D nonconformity management is not simply to identify and correct a nonconformance
but to eliminate the root causes that may lead to its recurrence. The 8D report provides a record of the
problem, the root cause(s) identified, and corrective and preventive actions taken to eliminate the
circumstances under which the problem occurred.
In factories that have implemented a digital manufacturing operations management (MOM) solution,
the 8D report is a function guided and tracked as part of a quality management system (QMS). In fact, an
effective QMS automatically creates the 8D report, capturing data and information generated during the 8D
nonconformity management process.
8D product improvement and 8D process improvement procedures were first promulgated by the
Ford Motor Company but are now widely employed across a broad spectrum of manufacturing industries. The
8D report follows the Deming PDCA (plan‐do‐check‐act) structure.
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8D report structure
The 8D report memorializes actions taken in each problem‐solving project. These actions include the
following:
D1 Establish the team – In each 8D nonconformity management process, it is recommended that a

“champion” be established – a stakeholder who is well acquainted with the problem. An 8D team should then
be selected that includes appropriate cross‐functional members, representation, and expertise.
D2 Describe the problem – To ensure clarity about the problem at hand, the 8D report relies upon the
construction of an information database that answers the following questions:
Who? To which person or group does the problem belong?What? Describe the problem and which
object or part is concerned.Where? Where in‐house and/or in‐transit is the object or part of concern located?
Where else is it seen?When? When was the problem first discovered? When in the process cycle is it seen?
When else is it seen?How? How big? How much? How did the problem occur? What is the trend? How big is
the problem? How many objects/parts are affected?
In this step, the 8D report team continues to ask why until they reach a point at which they can
conclusively determine necessary actions and start a chronological action plan, including responsibilities and
dates.
D3 Implement and verify interim containment actions – The 8D report describes any immediate actions
taken to contain symptoms of the problem and protect internal and external stakeholders. In this step, the D8
team identifies and records any actions to be taken, including any purging or sorting at the customer, in
transit, or in‐house. The team must verify that the defined action stops defects at the customer and results in
customer protection and customer satisfaction. They must also validate the effectiveness of the containment
action and record relevant data in the D8 report.
D4 Perform root cause analysis – The D8 team finds, defines, and verifies the root cause(s) of the problem.
They explore two root‐cause paths: (1) The “occur cause path” answers why the problem occurred with the
part or object. (2) The “escape cause path” answers why the defect escaped to the customer. In both cases, it
is recommended to use the 5Whys process. The D8 team then verifies root causes by ensuring that the
problem is present when the root cause is present, and absent when the root cause is absent.
D5 Select and verify corrective actions – Using the information database that was undertaken in step D2 (and
amended as appropriate during D3 and D4), the team performs an analysis to determine the best corrective
action. Key criteria are impact and risk. The team then verifies that the selected corrective action eliminates
the root cause and does not create another problematic effect. This information is tracked in the D8 report.
D6 Implement permanent corrective action and standardize process – The D8 team implements the action
plan. To eliminate or minimize the effects of implementation, the team employs the same process they would
with an engineering change, working through a product process checklist and process sign‐off. The action plan
is validated using the original measurable indicator that identified the problem. In the case of an “escape
cause path,” the team assesses removal of the containment action. If there are any additional escapes, then
the root causes were not correctly identified.
D7 Prevent problem recurrence – The D8 team identifies the system, practices, procedures, and specification
standards that allowed the problem to occur. The actions, the results, and the makeup of the team itself are
reassessed and an evaluation is included in the D8 report. The D8 report standardizes the process changes and
links corrective actions to the product development process, identifying actions that will prevent similar
problems both for the current production run and for similar future products and processes.
D8 Conduct final discussion and review – The team determines appropriate recognitions and whether there is
a need to continue the problem resolution cycle.

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What is an 8D report?

An 8D report is the result of an eight‐step process of problem‐solving designed to address

Search Toggle navigation

Siemens Digital Industries Software › › › 8D report

An 8D report is the result of an eight‐step process of problem‐solving designed to address

Manufacturing Operations ManagementOpcenter QualityQuality and Compliance Management

D1 Establish the team – In each 8D nonconformity management process, it is recommended that a

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