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Structures 3 - Structures That Span Over A Space

Beams and lintels are used in structures to span spaces and provide support. Beams can be found in roofs, floors, and bridges and are made of various materials like wood, concrete, and steel. Lintels span spaces over windows, doors, and fireplaces. Arch bridges transfer vertical loads into compression forces that push outward on the sides of the arch via its curved shape. Cable-stayed bridges use cables to support the bridge deck from towers, providing advantages like lighter weight structures. Proper design can help prevent structural failures in bridges from bending, fracturing, or toppling over by considering factors like material selection and load distribution.

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Sarah Hanton
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454 views

Structures 3 - Structures That Span Over A Space

Beams and lintels are used in structures to span spaces and provide support. Beams can be found in roofs, floors, and bridges and are made of various materials like wood, concrete, and steel. Lintels span spaces over windows, doors, and fireplaces. Arch bridges transfer vertical loads into compression forces that push outward on the sides of the arch via its curved shape. Cable-stayed bridges use cables to support the bridge deck from towers, providing advantages like lighter weight structures. Proper design can help prevent structural failures in bridges from bending, fracturing, or toppling over by considering factors like material selection and load distribution.

Uploaded by

Sarah Hanton
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structures that span over a space Grade 8 Technology

Beams and lintels:

A Beam is . . ..
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

We find beams in different of structures


● In roofs and floors of buildings

● In bridges

Beams are used to span a space and provide support over that space.

Beams can be made out of a variety of materials and can take on different forms:

Materials Beam shapes

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Structures that span over a space Grade 8 Technology
A Lintel is . . .
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

Lintels are commonly found in structures over windows and doors. They are also found in fireplaces.

Lintels can be made of different materials

A beam lintel can be made of concrete, stone or wood.

Why do windows, doors and fireplaces need lintels?

BRIDGES

2
Structures that span over a space Grade 8 Technology

Beam and Column Bridge:


Describe the structure:

Label the bridge parts and the forces in the diagram:

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Suspension Bridge:
Describe the structure:
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Structures that span over a space Grade 8 Technology

Label the bridge parts and the forces in the diagram:

How do the different parts of the bridge work?

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Cable stayed bridge:


Describe the structure:

4
Structures that span over a space Grade 8 Technology

Draw an example of a cable stayed bridge and label the bridge parts and the forces in the diagram:

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Arches and Arch bridges


An arch is . . . .

5
Structures that span over a space Grade 8 Technology
Arches support a load over a space by transferring a vertical compression force to either side. This is due
to the arched shape (curved shape)
Label the bridge and forces below

Traditionally arches have been made out of stone - stone arches are found in all sorts of structures:
Ceilings, windows, doors and bridges

The shape of the stones transfers the compression


force to the side. The keystone is essential to hold the arch up.

More modern arch bridges are often made from metal or concrete frames
Draw and label your own simple arch bridge and explain how it works:

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Structures that span over a space Grade 8 Technology

What are the Advantage and disadvantages of arch bridges?


Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Describe how arches are used in Dam walls

Cantilevers and Cantilever bridges


A cantilever is . . .

7
Structures that span over a space Grade 8 Technology

Cantilever bridge.
Structure:

Label the forces and parts

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

8
Structures that span over a space Grade 8 Technology
Structural Failure:

Type of Description of failure When or why it occurs? How might it be prevented?


failure

Fracture

Bending

Toppling
over

What should be considered when designing a bridge?

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