Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Speed Management System Based on GPS

Nalen G. J.; Varshika K.
Electronic and Instrumentation Engineering
Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore

Abstract:- Excessive speeding by drivers is commonly The speed control mechanism may precisely
the cause of traffic accidents, which frequently results in recognize and react to predefined geographic zones by
property damage or fatalities. There are still a lot of integrating a GPS module. This method offers a dynamic
recorded incidents that occur because of irresponsible solution by enabling the customization of speed limitations
driving, even with all the efforts taken to protect based on the features of each zone. The system's
drivers, such as enforcing traffic laws and attempting to responsiveness is ensured using real-time GPS data, which
regulate speed in vital zones by using speed limiters. A enables speed restrictions to be changed instantly as
speed-limiting control system that would detect vehicles passes through different zones. At the same time
irresponsible driving, particularly in dangerous areas, is the real time speed data of the vehicle is collected in a
the project's proposed solution to the current issue. Our cloud platform called ThingSpeak. It is an open-source
systemuses the Global Positioning device (GPS) to Internet of Things (IoT) analytics platform that allows us to
identify crucial zones and automatically modify the collect, visualize, and analyze real time data from our
vehicle's speed when it surpasses the speed connected devices. This data would be helpful for real-time
restriction.The car's speed data is automatically tracking of our vehicle in case of any emergencies and
gathered and stored on a cloud platform for future accidents. Our proposedsystem is mainly for commercial
reference and real-time tracking. For commercial uses, purposes and can be mounted in taxis to ensure public
such as cabs, taxis, and trucks, this proposed approach safety. This system could also be found very useful for
would be highly beneficial in continually monitoring other commercial vehicles including trucks, buses, tipper
vehicles on huge mass and in promoting public safety. trucksetc.

I. INTRODUCTION II. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

Road accidents represent a persistent and pervasive  To provide advanced driver assistance system for
global challenge, exerting profound impacts on public commercial vehicles.
health, economic stability, and societal well-being. These  To enhance safety and compliance with speed limit in
incidents, often resulting from a complex interplay of certain areas.
factors, encompass not only collisions between vehicles but
also involve pedestrians, cyclists, and other vulnerable road III. METHODOLOGY
users. The significance of road accidents extends beyond
mere statistics, as they manifest as a major cause of This research aims to implement an effective solution
injuries, fatalities, and disabilities, thereby posing a to the given problem. The GPS module attempts to collect
considerable burden on healthcare systems and economies the location of the moving vehicle. This location data is
worldwide. given in latitude and longitude values. With the help of this
data the speed of the device can be calculated for every
Through the use of GPS technology, this research meter per second movement of the vehicle. The
attempts to automate the management of vehicle speed Microcontroller is used to compare the current speed of the
when it reaches crucial zones, providing an efficient vehicle with the predefined vehicles speed for a specific
solution to the given problem. Based on the coordinates zone. When the speed of the vehicle exceeds the predefined
given by the GPS module, the system will compare the speed, the MCU initiates an action to reduce the speed of
vehicle's speed in the critical zone to the maximum the vehicle by passing on the control to the ECU of the
permitted speed and make the necessary adjustments. vehicle which immediately reduces the vehicles speed
Several facets of tracking and navigation have been according to the speed limit to be maintained for the certain
completely transformed by the introduction of GPS zone. The real time data is stored in a cloud platform which
technology. In order to ensure the safety of both cars and could be monitored continuously, and an alert will be sent
pedestrians, restricted speeds are essential in some zones, in case of crossing the speed limit. It ensures the safety, and
such as residential neighborhoods, construction sites, and this device acts as a precaution for accidents and ensures
school zones. These particular difficulties are the focus of the safety of the individual. An alert email will be sent to
the proposed system. the head office of the authority in case of any accident
detected by the vibration sensor along with the exact
location and time detected by the GPS module.

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Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig. 1: Block diagram

V. COMPONENTS

 ESP8266 Micro-controller
 Neo 7M GPS module
 LCD Display

A. ESP8266 Micro-controller
An affordable System-on-a-Chip (SoC) known as the
ESP8266 serves as the foundation for the NodeMCU (Node
MicroController Unit), which is an open-source software Fig. 2: ESP 8266 module
and hardware development environment. The CPU, RAM,
networking (Wi-Fi), and even a contemporary operating B. Neo 7M GPS Module
system and SDK are all present in the Espressif Systems- Fig.3 represents Neo7M GPS Module. This compact
designed and manufactured ESP8266. It would be a great electronic device is designed to receive signals from Global
option for Internet of Things (IoT) projects of all kinds.The Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and determine its
ESP8266 has a variety of General-PurposeInput/Output precise location on Earth. GPS module contains an antenna
(GPIO) Pins that can be used for various purposes such as that continuously receives radio signals from a network of
interfacing with sensors, actuators and other peripherals. orbiting GPS satellites. Each satellite transmits precise
The ESP8266's versatility makes it suitable for countless information about its position and current line. Each
projects including Smart home devices, IoT sensors, signal's arrival time is measured by the GPS module. The
wearables and data logging and monitoring This model is speed of light is then used to determine each satellite's
widely used because of low cost, ease of use and Low distance. Satellite distances are calculated by GPS modules.
power consumption.Fig.2 represents ESP8266 micro Using the distances between several known sites (the
controller. satellites) to determine a position is known as trilateration.
The GPS module can determine its position within two
 Technical specification Earthly points using distance data from a minimum of three
 32-bit RISC Architecture satellites. The calculated position is expressed in latitude
 Clock speed - 80MHz and longitude coordinates:
 Flash memory - 4 MB  Latitude measures the north-south position, relative to
 RAM - 32 KB the equator (0°).
 Operating Voltage - 3.3 V  Longitude measures the east-west position, relative to
 Operating Temperature: -40°C to +125°C the Prime Meridian (0°).

It stands out for its accuracy, versatility, and less

complexity, making it a popular choice for various
applications. It is widely used in Geotagging,Robotics,
Environmental monitoring, and Asset tracking applications.

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Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Technical Specifications D. Vibration Sensor
 UART communication protocol A vibration sensor is a device that measures the level
 Operating Temperature: -40°C to +85°C and characteristics of mechanical vibrations in a system,
 Working voltage : 3.3v-5v machine or structure. It converts the physical motion of
 Current : 40 MA vibration into an electrical signal providing information
 Output frequency: 1hz about amplitude, frequency and displacement that can be
monitored and used for various purposes. There are a wide
variety of vibration sensors such as accelerometers, strain
gauges and piezoelectric sensors. It also has wide variety of
applications including security systems, consumer
electronics and biomedical applications. In our project,
vibration sensor is used to get the data in case of any
vehicle crash or accident. The data collected from the
sensor is analyzed for true values and sent to the taxi's head
office to indicate that an accident has occurred at the
particular location. An email alert is triggered to the Taxi
authority office and to the nearby hospital for timely
treatment and assistance.Fig.5 represents vibration sensor
used.

Fig. 3: GPS module

C. LCD Display
An electronic gadget that can display text or numbers
is called a liquid crystal display. Numerical displays and
alphanumeric text displays are the two primary categories
of LCD displays.The "crystal" on the display is composed
of several shapes. These crystals take the form of "bars" in
numeric displays and are merely organized into patterns of
"dots" in alphanumeric displays.LCD sizes are varied. The
LCD used in our system, model number RG1602A, has a
16x2 character display size, which is a commonly used
display size. With its 16-pin layout, it offers multiple
features such as power, contrast, control lines, data lines,
and backlight. Fig.4 represents LCD display.The 16x2 LCD Fig. 5: Vibration Sensor
in the system will show the speed as soon as the car starts,
which for example would be displayed as 60 km/h. At some E. Thing Speak
instance when the vehicle enters the speed controlling zone ThingSpeak is an IoT analytics cloud platform service
the LCD display will notify the user about the current that allows you to aggregate, visualize and analyze live data
location. The information will be passed on to proceed the streamsinthe cloud. ThingSpeak provides instant
further mechanism in reducing the speed of the vehicle. visualizations of data posted by your devices to
The 16x2 LCD display will show the speed decrease. ThingSpeak. ThingSpeak platform offers a variety of
features and is completely user friendly. It collects real time
data from our devices. The collected data can be visualised
in form of graph and charts. It analyses the collected data
and collects insights. We can also control our devices by
sending alerts that are commands which alters the vehicles
speed when it exceeds the speed in certain zone. It also has
a wide range of applications including Agriculture,
Environmental monitoring, Smart homes and Asset
tracking. Fig.6 represents the working of ThingSpeak IoT
cloud platform.

Fig. 4: LCD display

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Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig. 6: Thing Speak block diagram

VI. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Fig. 7: Flowchart

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Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
VII. TESTING keeping the location of the vehicle inside the specified
location i.e., school zone. Now the micro controller
We practically implemented our project idea to compares the current location and target location, and it is
testing. Firstly, we connected the GPS module with the identified as school zone. Now the speed of the vehicle is
NodeMCU ESP8266 micro controller to get the exact monitored. If the speed of the vehicle is under the
location or the zone where the vehicle lies in. GPS module predefined speed limit there is no change in speed of the
contains an antenna that continuously receives radio signals vehicle, but if the speed exceeds the predefined speed limit
from a network of orbiting GPS satellites. The exact the LCD displays the warningto the driver and the micro
position of the vehicle is expressed in latitude and longitude controller sends the signal to reduce the speed of the
coordinates.The result is shown as an output where the vehicle.Fig.9 represents the output of the code.Also,the
location is received from the GPS module. Fig.8 represents speed data of the vehicle is collected and sent to a cloud
the test output of the GPS.Based on the location platform called ThingSpeak where the speed of the vehicle
coordinates the zones are divided, in which the zones where could be monitored in real time. The speed is normalized
the speed to be controlled is considered. We tested this by once the vehicle crosses the speed limit zone.

Fig. 8: Arduino Code Output

Fig. 9: Arduino Code Output

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Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
VIII. THING SPEAK CLOUD DATA the graph which can be used to analyse the vehicle speed
data for the future purposes and this speed is also displayed
The data from the ESP8266 module is sent to in the real time graphics for better understanding. The data
ThingSpeak IoT cloud platform. Data such as speed of the is updated every 10 seconds whenever the vehicle is
vehicle, data from the vibration sensor, latitude and switched ON. Fig 10, 11 and 12 represents the data
longitude of the vehicle is collected in different fields in the collected in the ThingSpeak cloud platform.
ThingSpeak channel. The speed of the vehicle is plotted in

Fig. 10: Thing Speak Speed Graph

Fig. 11: Vehicle Status Data in Thing Speak

Fig. 12: Latitude, Longitude Graph

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Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
IX. ACCIDENT ALERT NOTIFICATION accident is detected an email alert is automatically sent to
the head office in case of emergency along with the exact
When an accident occurs to the vehicle, vibration location coordinates and time where the accident has
sensor detects the accident and sends this data to occurred. As an additional application Hospitals in the area
ThingSpeak. Fig.14 represents the output of the vibration are notified when a passenger needs emergency rescue. The
sensor. Using MATLAB Analysis, the data from the hospital confirms the accident and authorizes it after
vibration sensor is analysed. The MATLAB analysis is verifying it at the designated site. It would help to offer
programmed in such a way that the data from the vibration timely assistance and care to the taxi driver as well as the
sensor is monitored continuously and whenever an passenger. Fig.13 represents the email alert received.

A. MATLAB code

B. Email alert

Fig. 13: Alert mail

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Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig. 14: Vibration Sensor Detects Accident

X. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION const char *ssid = "YourWiFiSSID";

const char *password = "YourWiFiPassword";
#include <TinyGPS++.h> const char *thingSpeakApiKey =
#include <SoftwareSerial.h> "0ABUCI59LXX7EX2S";
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h> const char *thingSpeakAddress =
#include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h> "api.thingspeak.com";
// Choose the RX and TX pins for the GPS module // Function prototypes
#define GPS_RX_PIN D1 bool isInZone(double currentLatitude, double
#define GPS_TX_PIN D2 currentLongitude, Location targetLocation);
#define VIBRATION_SENSOR_PIN D3 void controlSpeedInZone(float currentSpeed, const
#define MOTOR_PWM_PIN D4 char* locationName);
// Create a TinyGPS++ object void sendToThingSpeak(float speed, int
TinyGPSPlus gps; vibrationValue, double currentLatitude, double
currentLongitude);
// Create a SoftwareSerial object to communicate with
the GPS module void setup() {
SoftwareSerial gpsSerial(GPS_RX_PIN, Serial.begin(9600);
GPS_TX_PIN); gpsSerial.begin(9600);
pinMode(MOTOR_PWM_PIN, OUTPUT);
// Define a struct to represent a location with a name pinMode(VIBRATION_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
and coordinates // Connect to WiFi
struct Location { WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
const char* name; while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
double latitude; delay(1000);
double longitude; Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");
}; }
Serial.println("Connected to WiFi");
// Set the locations with names and coordinates }
Location locations[] = {
{"School Zone ", 11.0600, 76.9528}, // School void loop() {
{"Hospital Zone", 12.3456, 78.9012} // Hospital // Read GPS data
// Add more locations as needed while (gpsSerial.available() > 0) {
}; if (gps.encode(gpsSerial.read())) {
// Check if GPS data is valid
// Set the maximum speed allowed in the specific zone if (gps.location.isValid()) {
(in meters per second) // Print the latitude, longitude, and altitude
float maxAllowedSpeed = 10.0; // Adjust as needed Serial.print("Latitude: ");
Serial.println(gps.location.lat(), 6);
// ThingSpeak settings

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Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Serial.print("Longitude: "); int motorSpeed = map(currentSpeed, 0,
Serial.println(gps.location.lng(), 6); maxAllowedSpeed, 0, 255); // Map speed to motor PWM
int vibrationValue = range
digitalRead(VIBRATION_SENSOR_PIN); analogWrite(MOTOR_PWM_PIN, motorSpeed);
if (sensorValue == HIGH) Serial.print("Reducing speed in the ");
{ Serial.println(locationName);
Serial.println("Vibration detected!"); } else {
} else // If speed is within the allowed range, stop the
{ motor
Serial.println("No vibration"); analogWrite(MOTOR_PWM_PIN, 0);
} }
}
// Check if the vehicle is in any of the specific
zones void sendToThingSpeak(float speed, int vibration,
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(locations) / double currentLatitude, double currentLongitude) {
sizeof(locations[0]); i++) { if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
if (isInZone(gps.location.lat(), HTTPClient http;
gps.location.lng(), locations[i])) { WiFiClient client; // Declare a WiFiClient variable
float currentSpeedCmPerSec =
gps.speed.isValid() ? (gps.speed.mps() * 100) : 0.0; // ThingSpeak API endpoint
handleVibration(); String url = "http://" + String(thingSpeakAddress) +
// Send speed data to ThingSpeak "/update?api_key=" + String(thingSpeakApiKey) +
sendToThingSpeak(currentSpeedCmPerSec, "&field1=" + String(speed) + "&field2=" +
vibrationValue, gps.location.lat(), gps.location.lng()); String(vibrationValue) + "&field3=" +
String(currentLatitude) + "&field4=" +
// Control the vehicle speed in the specific String(currentLongitude);
zone
controlSpeedInZone(currentSpeedCmPerSec, // Use WiFiClient variable to begin HTTP request
locations[i].name); http.begin(client, url);
break; // No need to check other zones if the
current location is in one // Make the request
} int httpCode = http.GET();
}
} else { // Check the response
// Print "No GPS Fix" if the GPS data is not valid if (httpCode == HTTP_CODE_OK) {
Serial.println("No GPS Fix"); Serial.println("Speed data sent to ThingSpeak
} successfully");
} } else {
} Serial.println("Failed to send speed data to
} ThingSpeak");
Serial.println(httpCode);
bool isInZone(double currentLatitude, double }
currentLongitude, Location targetLocation) {
// You can customize the criteria for being in the http.end();
zone } else {
// For simplicity, we use a small radius around the Serial.println("Not connected to WiFi");
target coordinates }
double radius = 0.001; // Adjust as needed }
return (fabs(currentLatitude - targetLocation.latitude)
< radius) && XI. CONCLUSION
(fabs(currentLongitude -
targetLocation.longitude) < radius); The discussed system can be designed to control the
} speed of vehicle in specific zones to avoid the accidents in
the low-speed areas. By comparing the initial speed data in
void controlSpeedInZone(float currentSpeed, const specific zone with vehicles speed to avoid accidents and
char* locationName) { over speeding of vehicles. The proposed system is mainly
if (currentSpeed > maxAllowedSpeed) { for commercial purposes such as for taxis and other public
// Implement your speed control logic here means of transport where prior safety is completely
// For example, reduce motor speed or activate necessary. So hence the vehicle speed controller
brakes automatically helps in lowering the speed and therefore this

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Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
system has heavy impacts to reduce the lives of people by
accidents.

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