TVET TERM III COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT,

SCHOOL YEAR 2021/2022

MARKING GUIDES
SECTOR: ICT

TRADE: NETWORKING

RTQF LEVEL: 4

MODULE CODE AND TITLE: NEWNF401 APPLY NETWORK

FUNDAMENTALS
DURATION: 3 HOURS

DATE: TIME:

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

THIS EXAM PAPER IS COMPOSED OF THREE SECTIONS OF COMPULSORY

QUESTIONS:

(15) questions in section A 50 marks

(9) questions in section B 30 marks
(6) questions in section C 20 marks

Materials allowed:

(NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS) Page 1 of 18 – Marking Guides

SECTION A: ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS /50 MARKS

Question 1: Classify types of network by working principle. (4 marks)

Answer
 Classifying network by components roles
Client-Server Network: This model is broadly used network model. In Client-
Server Network, Clients and server are differentiated, specific server and clients
are present. In Client-Server Network, Server respond the services which is
request by Client.

Peer-to-Peer Network: This model does not differentiate the clients and the
servers, in this each and every node is itself client and server. In Peer-to-Peer
Network, Each and every node can do both request and respond for the
services.

Reference: Learning Unit 1 Introduction to Network Concepts

LO 1.1 – Description of Network concepts and Technologies
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 320 year 2014

Question 2: Explain the Main benefits of networks. (4 marks)

benefits of networks include:

answer

• File sharing – you can easily share data between different users, or
access it remotely if you keep it on other connected devices.
• Resource sharing – using network-connected peripheral devices like
printers, scanners and copiers, or sharing software between multiple
users, saves money.
• Sharing a single internet connection – it is cost-efficient and can help
protect your systems if you properly secure the network.
• Increasing storage capacity – you can access files and multimedia, such
as images and music, which you store remotely on other machines or
network-attached storage devices.

Reference: Learning Unit 1 Introduction to Network Concepts

(NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS) Page 2 of 18 – Marking Guides

LO 1.1 – Description of Network concepts and Technologi
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 320 year 2014
Question 3: Read carefully and choose correct statements that describe the
Definition of “computer Network: (3 marks)
i) A collection of hardware components and computers interconnected by
communication channels that aren’t allow sharing of resources and
information.
ii) A network Architecture in which each computer on the network is either
a client or a server network.
iii) I s a Powerful computer that provides services to other computers on
the network.
iv) A computer network is a group of computers connected with each other
to communicate and share information and resources like hardware,
data, and software.
Anwer
i) A computer network is a group of computers connected with each other
to communicate and share information and resources like hardware,
data, and software.

Reference: Learning Unit 1 Introduction to Network Concepts

LO 1.1 – Description of Network concepts and Technologies
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 320 year 2014
Question 4: List different ways of securing a computer network. (3 marks)
Answer
 Install a reliable and updated anti-virus program on all computers.
 Make sure firewalls are setup and configured correctly.
 User authentication will also help a lot.

Reference: Learning Unit 1 Introduction to Network Concepts

LO 1.1 – Description of Network concepts and Technologies
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 320 year 2014

Question5: Choose correct Answer

CSMA/CD network is described by which frame specification? (2 Marks)
A. IEEE 802.2
B. IEEE 802.3
C. IEEE 802.4
D. IEEE 802.5
Answer

(NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS) Page 3 of 18 – Marking Guides

B. IEEE 802.3

Reference: Learning Unit 1 Introduction to Network Concepts

LO 1.1 – Description of Network concepts and Technologies
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 320 year 2014
Question 6: In networking we have different types of network topology
Compare tree Topology from hybrid Topology (4 Marks)
Answer
. TREE Topology
It has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it forming a hierarchy.
It is also called hierarchical topology. It should at least have three levels to the
hierarchy.

Fig.5: Tree topology

Features of Tree Topology
 Ideal if workstations are located in groups.
 Used in Wide Area Network.
Advantages of Tree Topology
 Extension of bus and star topologies.
 Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.
 Easily managed and maintained.
 Error detection is easily done.
Disadvantages of Tree Topology

 Heavily cabled.
 Costly.
 If more nodes are added maintenance is difficult.
 Central hub fails, network fails.

(NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS) Page 4 of 18 – Marking Guides

 6. HYBRID Topology
It is two different types of topologies which is a mixture of two or more
topologies. For example, if in an office in one department ring topology is used
and in another star topology is used, connecting these topologies will result in
Hybrid Topology (ring topology and star topology).

Fig.6: Hybrid topology

Features of Hybrid Topology

 It is a combination of two or more topologies
 Inherits the advantages and disadvantages of the topologies included
Advantages of Hybrid Topology
 Reliable as Error detecting and trouble shooting is easy.
 Effective.
 Scalable as size can be increased easily.
 Flexible.
Disadvantages of
Hybrid Topology
Complex in design.

 Costly.

Reference: Learning Unit 1 Introduction to Network Concepts

(NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS) Page 5 of 18 – Marking Guides

LO1.2. Description of Network topology
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 322 year 2014

Question 7: what is the full form of CCITT in English and French? (4 Marks)
(English: International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee
(French: Comité Consultatif International Téléphonique et Télégraphique,
CCITT)
Reference: Learning Unit 2: Network protocols and communications
LO2.2. Description of Network standards
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 326 year 2014
Question 8: There are three classes of network devices. List them. (3 marks)
Answer
There are three classes of network devices which are:
- Interconnection devices
- Access devices
- End devices
Reference: Learning Unit 1 Introduction to Network Concepts
LO1.3. Identification of Network devices, Components and their Functions
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 323 year 2014
Question 9: What is network Media? (3 marks)
Answer
Network media refers to the communication channels used to interconnect
nodes on a computer network.
network media is the actual path over which an electrical signal travels as it
moves from one component to another.
Reference: Learning Unit 1 Introduction to Network Concepts
LO1.3. Identification of Network devices, Components and their Functions
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 323 year 2014
Question 10: Identify types of network media. (5 marks)
Answer
the common types of network media, including twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable,
fiber-optic cable, and wireless.

Reference: Learning Unit 1 Introduction to Network Concepts

LO1.3. Identification of Network devices, Components and their Functions
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 323 year 2014
Question 11: classify Network components. (4 marks)
Answer

(NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS) Page 6 of 18 – Marking Guides

Here are the main categories of network components:

 Media

Network media refers to the communication channels used to interconnect

nodes on a computer network. Typical examples of network media include
copper coaxial cable, copper twisted pair cables and optical fiber cables used in
wired networks, and radio waves used in wireless data communications
networks.

Fig.8: Network component/ Media

 Message

In general, a message is any grouping of information at the application layer

(layer 7) of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model that is
exchanged between applications for various purposes.

 Protocol

A network protocol is an established set of rules that determine how data is

transmitted between different devices in the same network. Essentially, it
allows connected devices to communicate with each other, regardless of any
differences in their internal processes, structure or design. Network protocols
are the reason you can easily communicate with people all over the world, and
thus play a critical role in modern digital communications.

Devices

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The devices which are used for communication between different hardware’s
used in the computer network are known as network devices. These devices are
also known as physical devices, networking hardware, and network equipment
otherwise computer networking devices. In a computer network, each network
device plays a key role based on their functionality, and also works for different
purposes at different segments.

Fig.7: Network component/ Device

Reference: Learning Unit 1 Introduction to Network Concepts

LO1.3. Identification of Network devices, Components and their Functions
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 323 year 2014
Question 12: What is a network protocol? (4 marks)
Answer
A network protocol is an established set of rules that determine how data is
transmitted between different devices in the same network. Essentially, it
allows connected devices to communicate with each other, regardless of any
differences in their internal processes, structure or design.
Reference: Learning Unit 2: Network protocols and communications
LO2. 1. Description of network protocols
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 325 year 2014
Question 13: Which OSI layers offers reliable, connection-oriented data
communication services? (2 marks)
Answer
OSI Layer 4 - Transport Layer
It provides services such as connection-oriented data stream support,
reliability, flow control, and multiplexing.

(NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS) Page 8 of 18 – Marking Guides

Reference: Learning Unit 2: Network protocols and communications
LO2. 1. Description of network protocols
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 325 year 2014

Question 14: choose the right answer

How many layers does TCP/IP Model have? ( 2 marks)
A) 6
B) 5
C) 7
D) None of the above
Answer
A) None of the above
The TCP/IP is made up of four primary layers: the Application, Transport,
Network, and Link layers
Each layer within the TCP/IP protocol suite has a specific function.
Reference: Learning Unit 2: Network protocols and communications
LO2. 1. Description of network protocols
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 326 year 2014
Question 15: What service is provided by HTTPS? (3 marks)
A) Uses encryption to provide secure remote access to network devices and
servers.
B) Resolves domain names, such as cisco.com, into IP addresses.
C) Uses encryption to secure the exchange of text, graphic images, sound,
and video on the web.
D) Allows remote access to network devices and servers.
Answer
Uses encryption to secure the exchange of text, graphic images, sound, and
video on the web.

Reference: Learning Unit 2: Network protocols and communications

LO2. 1. Description of network protocols
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 325 year 2014
SECTION B: ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS /30 MARKS

Question 16: Discuss in three lines for each, difference between UDP and TCP
(4 Marks)
Answer
TCP/IP UDP
Connection-Oriented Protocol Connectionless Protocol

(NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS) Page 9 of 18 – Marking Guides

TCP/IP UDP
More Reliable Less Reliable
Slower Transmission Faster Transmission
Packets order can be preserved or Packets order is not fixed and packets
can be rearranged are independent of each other
Uses three ways handshake model No handshake for establishing the
for connection connection
TCP packets are heavy-weight UDP packets are light-weight
Offers error checking mechanism No error checking mechanism
Protocols like DNS, RIP, SNMP, RTP,
Protocols like HTTP, FTP, Telnet,
BOOTP, TFTP, NIP, etc use UDP at the
SMTP, HTTPS, etc use TCP at the
transport layer
transport layer

Reference: Learning Unit 2: Network protocols and communications

LO2. 1. Description of network protocols
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 325 year 2014
Question 17: Name four (4) standard organizations at your choice. (4 marks)
Answer
ISO- International Organization for Standardization
IEEE- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ANSI -American National Standards Institute
ITU - International Telecommunication Union
CCITT- stands for Consultative Committee for International Telephony and
Telegraphy
EIA Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA; until 1997 Electronic Industries
Association)
Telcodia is an American subsidiary of the Swedish telecommunications
company Ericsson.
Reference: Learning Unit 2: Network protocols and communications
LO2.2. Description of Network standards
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 326 year 2014
Question 18: By using graph, discuss on star topology. (4 marks)
Answer
STAR Topology

(NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS) Page 10 of 18 – Marking Guides

In this type of topology all the computers are connected to a single hub through
a cable. This hub is the central node and all others nodes are connected to the
central node.

Fig.3: Star topology

Features of Star Topology

 Every node has its own dedicated connection to the hub.
 Hub acts as a repeater for data flow.
 Can be used with twisted pair, Optical Fiber or coaxial cable.
Advantages of Star Topology
 Fast performance with few nodes and low network traffic.
 Hub can be upgraded easily.
 Easy to troubleshoot.
 Easy to setup and modify.
 Only that node is affected which has failed, rest of the nodes can work
smoothly.
Disadvantages of
Star Topology
Cost of installation
is high.
 Expensive to use.
 If the hub fails, then the whole network is stopped because all the nodes
depend on the hub.
 Performance is based on the hub that is it depends on its capacity

(NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS) Page 11 of 18 – Marking Guides

Reference: Learning Unit 1 Introduction to Network Concepts
LO1.2. Description of Network topology
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 322 year 2014

Question 19: Answer by True(T) or False(F) (4 marks)

A) ITU became a specialized agency of the United Nations in 1947
B) CCITT) was created in 1956, and was renamed ITU-T in 1993.
C) Telcodia is a standard uses a series of models for only one categories of
electronic, electrical and electro-mechanical components to predict
steady-state failure rates which environmental conditions, quality levels,
electrical stress conditions and various other parameters affect.
D) De Facto standards are those which have been approved by formal
authorities like the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
Answer
A) T
B) T
C) F
D) F

Reference: Learning Unit 2: Network protocols and communications

LO2.2. Description of Network standards
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 326 year 2014

Question 20: Identify two types of standards. (4 marks)

• Types of standards
De Facto standards: A format, or protocol that has become a standard not
because it has been approved by a standards organization but because it is
widely used and recognized by the industry as being standard. Examples of de
facto standards include but not limited to: the QWERTY keyboard, the Windows
operating system and breadcrumb trail technology; a navigation aid used when
moving through a website that indicates the current page in relation to the
website's remaining pages.
De Jure standards: De jure standards are those which have been approved by
formal authorities like the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
Reference: Learning Unit 2: Network protocols and communications
LO2.2. Description of Network standards
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 326 year 2014

(NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS) Page 12 of 18 – Marking Guides

Question 21: There are 3 major types of Signals transmitted through logical
media. List them. (3 marks)
There are 3 major types of Signals transmitted through logical media:

 Radio waves
These are easy to generate and can penetrate through buildings. The sending
and receiving antennas need not be aligned. Frequency Range: 3 KHz – 1GHz.
AM and FM radios and cordless phones use Radio waves for transmission.
 Microwaves

It is a line of sight transmission i.e. the sending and receiving antennas need to
be properly aligned with each other. The distance covered by the signal is
directly proportional to the height of the antenna. Frequency Range: 1GHz –
300GHz. These are majorly used for mobile phone communication and
television distribution.
 Infrared

Infrared waves are used for very short distance communication. They cannot
penetrate through obstacles. This prevents interference between systems.
Frequency Range: 300GHz – 400THz. It is used in TV remotes, wireless mouse,
keyboard, printer, etc.

Reference: Learning Unit 2: Network protocols and communications

LO2.3. Identification and application of Network media and connectors
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 327 year 2014
Question 22: Coaxial cable is constructed with a copper core at the center that
carries the signal, plastic insulation, braided metal shielding, and an outer
plastic covering. Explain why is it constructed in this way? (2 marks)

Coaxial cable is constructed in this way to add resistance to attenuation (the

loss of signal strength as it travels over distance), crosstalk (the degradation of
a signal caused by signals from other cables running close to it), and EMI
(electromagnetic interference).

(NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS) Page 13 of 18 – Marking Guides

Reference: Learning Unit 2: Network protocols and communications
LO2.3. Identification and application of Network media and connectors
Curriculum IV in networking page 327 year 2014

Question 23: Outline at least three characteristics of Physical Media. (3

marks)

Features:
 High Speed
 Secure
 Used for comparatively shorter distances
Reference: Learning Unit 2: Network protocols and communications
LO2.3. Identification and application of Network media and connectors
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 327 year 2014
Question 24: What type of connector do twist pair cables on computer
networks use? (2 marks)
RJ-45 connector
The standard connector for unshielded twisted pair cabling is an RJ-45
connector. A slot allows the RJ-45 to be inserted only one way.

Reference: Learning Unit 2: Network protocols and communications

LO2.3. Identification and application of Network media and connectors
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 327 year 2014

SECTION C. ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS /20 MARKS

Question 25: Consumers are eligible to two (2) types of IP Addresses according
to the internet service Providers, with example classify them. (4 marks)
Answer
private IP addresses, and the public IP address.
Private IP Addresses
A private IP address is an address which is reserved for use only within
private/local network and cannot be seen outside the private networks.
Public IP-address
It is public global addresses that are used in the Internet. A public IP address
is an IP address that is used to access the Internet. Public (global) IP addresses
are routed on the Internet, unlike private addresses.

(NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS) Page 14 of 18 – Marking Guides

Reference: Learning Unit 3: IP Addressing (IPv4&IPv6)
LO3.1 – Description of IP Addressing concepts
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 329 year 2014
Question 26: You have sub-netted your class C network 200.138.1.0 with a
subnet mask of 255.255.255.252. Please list the following: (5 marks)
1) number of networks, (1 mark)
2) number of hosts per network, (1 mark)
3) the full range of the first three networks, (1 mark)
4) the usable address range from those first three networks. Additionally,
(1 mark)
5) identify the broadcast addresses for each network. (1 mark)
answer
1) Number of networks = 64
2) Number of hosts = 2
3) Full Range for first three networks:
200.138.1.0
200.138.1.4
200.138.1.8

4) Usable Range for first three networks:

200.138.1.1-2
200.138.1.5-6
200.138.1.9-10
5) Broadcast Addresses for first three networks:

(NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS) Page 15 of 18 – Marking Guides

 200.138.1.3
200.138.1.7
200.138.1.11

Reference: Learning Unit 3: IP Addressing (IPv4&IPv6)

LO3.2. Applying IP v4
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 330 year 2014
Question27: There are the two component parts of a typical IPv4 address.
Explain them. (2 marks)
Answer

Network Part This part specifies the unique number assigned to your network.
It also identifies the class of network assigned.
Host Part This is the part of the IPv4 address that you assign to each host.

Reference: Learning Unit 3: IP Addressing (IPv4&IPv6)

LO3.2. Applying IP v4
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 330 year 2014
Question 28: there are three reasons why you may want to use sub-netting.
List and explain them. (3 marks)
Answer
1. Conservation of IP addresses: Imagine having a network of 20 hosts. Using a
Class C network will waste a lot of IP addresses (254-20=234). Breaking up
large networks into smaller parts would be more efficient and would
conserve a great amount of addresses.
2. Reduced network traffic: The smaller networks that created the smaller
broadcast domains are formed, hence less broadcast traffic on network
boundaries.
3. Simplification: Breaking large networks into smaller ones could simplify
fault troubleshooting by isolating network problems down to their specific
existence.

(NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS) Page 16 of 18 – Marking Guides

Reference: Learning Unit 3: IP Addressing (IPv4&IPv6)
LO3.2. Applying IP v4
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 330 year 2014

Question 29: Assume that you have been assigned 200.35.1.0/25 network
block and from that you are requested to create 4 subnets of 20 hosts each and
then answer the following: (4 marks)

a) Specify those subnets in binary format and dotted-decimal notation. (2

marks)
b) What is the maximum number of hosts that can be assigned to each
subnet?
(1 mark)
C) What is the broadcast address for subnet 200.35.1.64 /27? (1 mark)

a) The subnets of 200.35.1.0/25 network block, in binary format and

dotted-decimal, which can contain 20 hosts each are:
Subnet #0: 11001000.00100011.00000001. 000 00000 = 200.35.1.0/27
(2 marks)
Subnet #1: 11001000.00100011.00000001. 001 00000 =
200.35.1.32/27
Subnet #2: 11001000.00100011.00000001. 010 00000 =
200.35.1.64/27
Subnet #3: 11001000.00100011.00000001. 011 00000 =
200.35.1.96/27
b) The maximum number of hosts on each subnet is 25 -2, or 30.
(1 mark)
c) The broadcast address for subnet 200.35.1.64/27 is:

11001000.00100011.00000001.010 11111 = 200.35.1.95 (1 mark)

Reference: Learning Unit 3: IP Addressing (IPv4&IPv6)

LO3.2. Applying IP v4
Curriculum Level IV in networking page 330 year 2014

(NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS) Page 17 of 18 – Marking Guides

Question 30: Select among the options given below two (2) formats can the IPv6
address fd15:0db8:0000:0000: 0700:0003:400F:572B be written. (2 marks)

A. fd15:0db8:0000:0000:700:3:400F:527B
B. fd15:0db8::7:3:4F:527B
C. fd15::db8::700:3:400F:527B
D. fd15:db8::700:3:400F:572B
E. fd15:db8:0::700:3:4F:527B

Answer: A D
Reference: Learning Unit 3: IP Addressing (IPv4&IPv6)
LO3.3: Apply IPv6: Curriculum Level IV in networking page 332 year 2014

END OF MARKING GUIDES!

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