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    4.2.1chapter 2 - Function Two Variable Oct 23

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    CT Mar
    This document introduces functions of two variables and partial derivatives. It defines a partial derivative as the derivative of a function with respect to one variable, holding other variables constant. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating first and second order partial derivatives, including fx, fy, fxx, fyy, fxy. Mixed partial derivatives and evaluating partial derivatives at given points are also illustrated through multiple examples.

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    4.2.1chapter 2 - Function Two Variable Oct 23

    Uploaded by

    CT Mar
    19 views11 pages
    This document introduces functions of two variables and partial derivatives. It defines a partial derivative as the derivative of a function with respect to one variable, holding other variables constant. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating first and second order partial derivatives, including fx, fy, fxx, fyy, fxy. Mixed partial derivatives and evaluating partial derivatives at given points are also illustrated through multiple examples.

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    Notes Function two variables

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    4.2.1chapter 2_function two variable oct 23

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    This document introduces functions of two variables and partial derivatives. It defines a partial derivative as the derivative of a function with respect to one variable, holding other variables constant. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating first and second order partial derivatives, including fx, fy, fxx, fyy, fxy. Mixed partial derivatives and evaluating partial derivatives at given points are also illustrated through multiple examples.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views11 pages

    4.2.1chapter 2 - Function Two Variable Oct 23

    Uploaded by

    CT Mar
    This document introduces functions of two variables and partial derivatives. It defines a partial derivative as the derivative of a function with respect to one variable, holding other variables constant. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating first and second order partial derivatives, including fx, fy, fxx, fyy, fxy. Mixed partial derivatives and evaluating partial derivatives at given points are also illustrated through multiple examples.

    Copyright:

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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    4.

    0 MULTIVARIABLE FUNCTIONS
    4.1 Functions of two variables

    Introduction of Several Variables

    In nature, functions always depend on more than one variable. For example, the volume,V
    of a cylinder depends on the radius , r and height, h.

    Volume  r 2h

    4.2 Partial Derivatives

    In mathematics, a partial derivative of a function of several variables is its derivative with


    respect to one of those variables, with the others held constant

    4.2.1 First Order Partial Derivatives

    Partial derivatives with respect to one variable x or y is variously denoted for examples:

    f The partial derivative of f with respect to x is the derivative of f with


     fx
    x respect to x, when all other variables are treated as constant
    .
    f The partial derivative of f with respect to y is the derivative of f with
     fy
    y respect to y, when all other variables are treated as constant.

    ;
    Example 1 : If f ( x, y )  x 3 y  2x 2 y 2  3 . Determine

    (a) fx x, y  (b) fy x, y  (c) fx 2,3 

    Solution (a): fx x, y   3 x 2 y  22x y 2  0


    “Differentiate w.r.t x
     3 x 2 y  4 xy 2
    Assume y as constant”

    Solution (b) fy x, y   x 3 1  2x 2 2y   0 “Differentiate w.r.t x


    Assume y as constant”
     x 3  4x 2 y

    Solution (c) fx x, y   3 x 2 y  4 x

    fx 2,3   32 2  42


    2

     32

    Example 2 : If f ( x, y )  2x 3 y 4  2y 2  3 x  2 . Determine
    (a) f 2,5  (b) fx x, y 

    (c) fy x, y  (d) fy  1,3


    Example 3 : If f ( x , y )  7  10 x  5 e2 y  2 xy 4 . Determine
    (a) fx x, y  (b) f x 3 ,0 

    (c) fy x, y  (d) fy 1,0 

    Example 4 : If f ( x , y )  7 x 4  5 xy  2 ye10 x . Determine


    (a) f x x , y  (b) f x 0 ,4 

    (c) fy x, y  (d) fy 1,2 


    4.2.2 Second Order Partial Derivative
    Notation:
     second partial derivative – taking two consecutive partial derivatives with respect to the

     2f  2f
    same variable  2  fxx  2  fyy
    x y
     mixed partial derivative - taking partial derivatives with respect to one variable, and then take

     2f  2f
    another partial derivative with respect to a different variable   fyx   fxy
     x y  y x

    Example 5 : Given f x, y   x 2 y 3  x 4 y  3 x . Determine fyy and fxx

    Solution fyy
    f x, y   x 2 y 3  x 4 y  3 x

    fy x, y   x 2 3 y 2   x 4 (1)  0  First derivative w.r.t “y” , keep x as constant.

     3x 2 y 2  x 4

    fyy x, y   3 x 2 2y   0  6 x 2 y  Second derivative w.r.t “y” , keep x as constant.

    Solution fxx
    f x, y   x 2 y 3  x 4 y  3 x

    fx x, y   2x y 3  ( 4 x 3 )y  31  First derivative w.r.t “x” , keep y as constant.

     2xy 3  4 x 3 y  3

    fxx x, y   21y 3  43 x 2 y  0  Second derivative w.r.t “x” , keep y as constant.

     2y 3  12 x 2 y
    Example 6: Given f x, y   x 3 y 5  2x 2 y  x . Determine fxy

    Solution:

    f x, y   x 3 y 5  2x 2 y  x

    fx x, y   3 x 2 y 5  22x y  (1 )  First derivative w.r.t “x” , keep y as constant.

     3 x 2 y 5  4 xy  1

    fxy x, y   3 x 2 5 y 4   4 x 1  0

     15 x 2 y 4  4 x  Second derivative w.r.t “y” , keep x as constant.

    Example 7: Given f x , y   4 x 3  3 y 2  7 x 3 y 3  y 2 e2 x . Determine fyx

    Solution:

    Example 8 : Given f x, y   4 x 3 y  3 xy 2  7 y 3  10 . Determine fxy

    Solution:
    Example 9: Given f x , y   4 x 2 y 3  2 x 3  4 y 5 . Determine fxy

    a) Determine all four second-order derivative.

    b) Verify fxy  2 y 2 fxx  16 y 5

    Example 10 : Given f x , y   6 xy  4 y 2 e3 x .

    b) Determine all four second-order derivative.

    3 2
    b) Verify fx  y fyy  6 y
    2
    Example : Given f x , y   3 y  4 x 2 e3 y .

    a) Determine all four second-order derivative.

    b) Calculate fxy 4 ,0 

    c) Verify fy  xfxy  fyy  3


    TUTORIAL 2: PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION
    1. Determine f x and fy for the following functions:

    a. f (x, y)  2x3 y2  2xy4  xy

    b. f (x, y)  x3 y2  e5y  e2x

    c. f (x, y)  x2y  5y3

    d. f ( x, y )  5 x 2  y 3  2 xy  e3 x
    e. f ( x, y )  xe4 y  5 y

    f. f ( x , y )  ye2 x  3 xy  x

    g. f ( x, y )  4 ye2 x  3 xy 3
    2. Determine the second – order partial derivatives fxx and fyy :
    2 3 4
    a. f ( x, y )  x y  x y.

    4 5
    b. f ( x , y )  4 x  8 xy  7 y

    c. f ( x, y )  3x 2  2y 5  xe2y
    3. Determine the second – order partial derivatives fxy and fxy 1, 0
    2 3
    a) f ( x, y )  x y  3y  4 x4

    2
    b) f ( x, y )  4 x  8 xy 4  3 xe4 y

    2
    c) f ( x, y )  3 x y  2 y 5  xe2 y

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