Life Science Lesson 1 and 3
Life Science Lesson 1 and 3
Life Science Lesson 1 and 3
Century Hour
Day Minute
Decade Month
Eon Period
Epoch Second
Era Year
Week Millennium
Ask the students: Which is the longest division in the Geologic Time
Lesson 1
Introduction to
Life Science
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
Theories on
the Origin
of Life
Biology
❏ a science that deals with all forms of life,
including their classification, physiology,
chemistry, and interactions.
❏ The term was introduced in Germany in 1800
and popularized by the French naturalist
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck as a means of
encompassing the growing number of
disciplines involved with the study of living
forms
Special Creation Theory
• Many people believe that everything in this
world was created by a Supreme being and
with Him nothing is impossible. It was
narrated in Genesis 1:1-28, 2:1-4 of Bible.
Spontaneous Generation
1. Francesco Redi – put a piece of snake meat, a fish, and a
slice of veal in flasks, covered these with Muslim cloth, and
waited to see if maggots would develop into meat. That
maggots grew only if the flies laid on their eggs on it.
Spontaneous Generation
2. Lazzaro Spallanzani – observed that meat juices were
boiled for three-quarters of an hour and then sealed, no life
developed.
Spontaneous Generation
3. Louis Pasteur – devised a culture flask which admitted
through a curved tube any bacteria contained in the air and
settled on their own weight in the curve of tube. No life
appeared in the flask.
Biogenetic Theory
•The invention of the
microscope and advances in
science made it clear that
living things created other
living things. When
the egg and the sperm cell
unite, they form a zygote. This
zygote would then develop
into an organism.
Microorganisms like bacteria
can give rise to many more
bacteria.
Primordial Soup Theory
● According to primordial soup theory
proposed by Alexander Oparin and John
Haldane, life started in a primordial soup
of organic molecules.
● Some form of energy from lightning
combined with the chemicals in the
atmosphere to make the building blocks
of protein known as the amino acids.
Coacervate theory
● it is expressed by the Russian biochemist A.I.
Oparin in 1936 suggesting that the origin of life
was preceded by the formation of mixed colloidal
units called coacervates.
● These are particles composed of two or more
colloids which might be protein, lipid or nucleic
acid.
● He proposed that while these molecules were not
living, they behaved like biological systems in the
ancient seas.
● They were subject to natural selection in terms of
constant size and chemical properties, there was
a selective accumulation of material and they
reproduced by fragmentation.
Beneath the Ice
• Billion years ago, Earth’s oceans were
covered with ice. This ice may have been
hundreds of meters thick, mainly due to the sun
being much less fierce than it is nowadays. This
theory contends that ice may have protected the
compounds, allowing them to interact and, thereby,
creating life.
Electric Spark
• It has been proven that electricity can produce simple
sugars and amino acids from simple elements in the
atmosphere. This leads to the
theory that lightning may have been responsible for the
origins of life, primarily by striking through rich volcanic
clouds.
Panspermia (Cosmozoic theory)
● Cosmozoic Theory (Panspermia Theory) – the idea proposed
by Richter in 1865 and supported by Arrhenius (1908).
● According to this theory, life has reached the planet Earth
from other heavenly bodies such as meteorites, in the form of
highly resistant spores of some microorganisms.
● The spores of some microorganisms are called cosmozoa or
panspermia because they are preserved inside meteorites
coming to the earth from the outer space.
● These meteorites struck the barren earth to release the
cosmozoa and they developed into different creatures on the
earth.
Panspermia (Cosmozoic theory)
Panspermia is the
proposal that life on
Earth began from
rocks, and other debris
from impacts, in the
form of highly resistant
spores (cosmozoa)
such as meteorite.
Submarine Hydrothermal Vents
• Submarine
hydrothermal vents
contain vast and
diverse ecosystems.
The nutrient-rich
environment filled
with reactive gases
and catalysts, creates
a habitat teeming
with life.
Hylomorphism
• Everything in the universe is composed
of matter with soul means life. There are
three kinds of soul – vegetative, animal
and rational soul.
Miller-Urey experiment
•Stanley Miller and Harold Urey conducted an experiment
to simulate the early conditions of the earth that could
have generated the first organic
molecule.
Miller-Urey hypothesis. The first hypothesis
where lightning could have operated the
synthesis reactions in the Earth’s early
atmosphere was tested by in 1953.
It provided the first evidence that organic
molecules needed for life could be formed from
inorganic components.
Some scientists support the RNA world
hypothesis, which suggests that the first life was
self-replicating RNA
Endosymbiotic theory
• Some of the
prokaryotes entered
the ancestral eukaryotes
and dwell inside and
became a part of the
eukaryotic cell.
Fossil Evidence