Origin of de Vita
Origin of de Vita
Origin of de Vita
Region III
DIVISION OF PAMPANGA
“Origin of De Vita”
The Origin of Life
Objectives:
a. Discuss the origin of life.
b. Explain how the first cell evolved.
Pre-test
Read and analyze each statement. Write TRUE if the statement is correct. Otherwise, write
FALSE if the statement is incorrect.
2. Fossils were used as evidence to finds answers about the origin of life.
4. Some scientist believes that our ancestors came from other planets.
5. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen are the basic chemicals of life.
13. There are no evidences to prove that life was created by God.
14. The answer to the origin of life has not been discovered yet.
Guide Card
How did life begin? For much of human intellect, almost everyone believed some version
of "the gods did it". Any other explanation than that was unacceptable.
That may no longer be true. Over the last century, a few scientists have tried to figure out
how the first life might have started.
This is the story of our quest to discover our ultimate origin. It is a story of obsession,
struggle, and brilliant creativity, which encompasses some of the greatest discoveries of modern
science. The efforts to understand life's beginnings has sent men and women to the furthest
corners of our planet.
Example:
1. 2.
3. 4.
Review:
From where did the first life form emerge? Nowadays, several theories were proposed
that seems to answer how life begun on earth. From point of view of religion to science’s own
explanation. But which one should we believe?
Simple chemicals like Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen are the chemicals that
make up living things. But how do these chemicals mix up to build the complex molecules of
life? Probably the answer to that is because although we may know the ingredients, science have
yet to discover the perfect recipe.
Since from the previous module we learned the properties of life, just like the Photo’pe
activity above. We will uncover how life could have started from the ingredients we know. We
now have another quest, to learn about the different proposed recipe for the creation of the first
forms of life.
The earliest evidence of life on Earth comes from fossils discovered in Western Australia
that date back to about 3.5 billion years ago. These fossils are of structures known
as stromatolites, which are formed by the growth of layers of single-celled microbes, such as
cyanobacteria.
IMPORTANT NOTES:
Microfossils are fossils that contain the remains of tiny plants and animals.
Prokaryotes are organisms that do not have a nucleus and are known to be the earliest
forms of life. They started to make their own food by utilizing the energy from the sun
and the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
The cyanobacteria are the first photosynthetic organisms to form. The process of
photosynthesis produced more oxygen that changed the Earth’s early atmosphere. This
change in the atmosphere allowed oxygen-breathing organisms to exist.
Eukaryotic organisms that evolved from prokaryotes are larger than bacteria and have
internal membranes and thicker wall. These findings marked the beginning of
multicellular organisms on Earth.
Biogenesis is the belief that life originates from preexisting life.
In 1953, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey did an experiment to test Oparin and Haldane’s
ideas. They found that organic molecules could be spontaneously by building a closed system
containing a heated pool of water and a mixture of gases that were thought to be abundant in the
atmosphere of early earth. Miller and Urey sent sparks of electricity to simulate the lightning that
might have provided energy for chemical reactions. Miller and Urey found that various types of
amino acids, sugars, lipids and other organic molecules had formed. Large, complex molecules
like DNA and protein were missing, but the Miller-Urey experiment showed that at least some of
the building blocks for these molecules could form spontaneously from simple compounds.
IMPORTANT NOTES:
Abiogenesis is the natural process by which life has arisen from non-living matter, such
as simple organic compounds.
One criticism of Miller-Urey experiment is that it typically doesn’t produce
nucleotides, the building blocks of RNA and DNA.
However, one recent study using a different approach found that RNA nucleotides could
be formed from inorganic components under modified conditions thought to truly
resemble those of early Earth.
IMPORTANT NOTES:
Homology is the similarity in characteristics among living organisms due to shared
ancestry between a pair of structures or genes.
Ribozyme is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction similar
way to that of protein enzymes.
IMPORTANT NOTES:
Various meteorites have turned out to contain organic compounds (derived from space, not
from Earth). One meteorite, ALH84001, came from Mars and contained organic molecules
with multiple ring structures. Another meteorite, the Murchison meteorite, carried nitrogenous
bases (like those found in DNA and RNA), as well as a wide variety of amino acids.
It is interesting to note that these ideas that the "universe is teeming with spores of life" stem
from the idea that life could originate naturally in the first place. Though this has not been
proven, scientists typically simply assume that life arose naturally with the following reasons.
Life exists; therefore, it must have arisen naturally.
If it originated naturally, then the chemical origin of life must have not been highly
improbable.
If the natural chemical origin of life is not improbable, then it must be happening
elsewhere.
Therefore, life must exist elsewhere in the universe and it is likely that it exists in a
lot of places.
The oldest hypothesis that life came from a supreme being is called the Divine Creation
Theory. It is believed that life forms and everything in the universe were created through a
supernatural power rather than naturalistic means. The belief among creationists is said to be
common across various cultures in the world.
ASSESSMENT CARD
Based on what you have learned about the different hypothesis about the origin of life on earth,
choose the best answer on the following questions. Encircle the letter that corresponds to your
answer
Test Questions:
1. Which origin of life theory states that life arise from pre-existing forms of life?
A. Abiogenesis C. Conspiracy Theory
B. Biogenesis D. Panspermia
2. Which among the following serves as evidence to Divine Creation Theory?
A. cosmozoa C. prokaryotes
B. holy scriptures D. supreme being
3. What do you call the structures formed from the growth of layers of single-celled microbes?
A. cozmozoa C. nucleotide
B. cyanobacteria D. stromatolites
4. Which origin of life theory states that life came from a Last Universal Common Ancestor?
A. Abiogenesis Theory C. Panspermia Theory
B. Divine Creation Theory D. RNA world Theory
5. Which among the following is NOT a hypothesis of Panspermia?
A. Directed Panspermia C. Naturalistic Panspermia
B. Intelligent Design Panspermia D. Spontaneous Panspermia
6. What do you call the (RNA) enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction in a similar way to that
of protein enzymes?
A. cosmozoa C. microfossils
B. cyanobacteria D. ribozyme
7. Which among the following serves as an evidence for Panspermia?
A. amino acids C. microfossils
B. cosmozoa D. ribozyme
8. Which among the following organisms were considered as the earliest life forms?
A. bacteria C. eukaryotes
B. cosmozoa D. prokaryotes
9. Which among the following is considered as an evidence to prove abiogenesis?
A. holy scriptures C. microfossils
B. Miller-Urey Experiment D. prokaryotes
10. Which among the following is considered as the first photosynthetic organism?
A. cyanobacteria C. plants
B. microfossils D. thermopiles
11. Which among the following is NOT capable of being created from the Miller-Urey
Experiment?
A. amino acids C. nucleotides
B. lipids D. sugars
12. Which among the following scientists hypothesized that simple inorganic molecules could
have reacted to form amino acids and nucleotides, creating a "primordial soup"?
A. Alexander Oparin C. Francis Crick
B. Charles Darwin D. Stanley Miller & Harold Urey
13. What do you call the building blocks of RNA and DNA?
A. amino acids C. phosphates
B. nucleotides D. simple sugars
14. When was the earliest time believed to be the start of life on Earth based from fossils
discovered in Western Australia?
A. 1 billion years ago C. 3.5 billion years ago
B. 2.1 billion years ago D. 4.6 billion years ago
15. Which one below best explains the difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?
A. Eukaryotes contain DNA while Prokaryotes don’t.
B. Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles while Prokaryotes don’t.
C. Prokaryotes are photosynthetic while Eukaryotes are not.
D. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms while Eukaryotes are multi-cellular organisms.
REFLECTION ACTIVITY
Answer the following questions based on your own understanding. You may try to search
through the internet to get more ideas for your answer.
1. Which among the theories about the origin of life do you believe is more possible? Why?
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2. What do you think is going to be the impact on the society if it has been proven that life
was not created by a Supreme Being? Why?
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REFERENCE CARD
Earth and Life Science by Roly B. Bayo-ang, Maria Lourdes G. Coronacion, Annamae T. Jorda and Anna
Jamille Restubog ERC Publishing House pp. 99-103
Exploring Life Through Science--Earth and Life Science by Jose Tolentino Olivar, John Donnie A.
Ramos, Phd and Anna Cherylle Ramos pp. 99-103
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/history-of-life-on-earth/history-life-on-
earth/a/hypotheses-about-the-origins-of-life
https://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/ch8life.html
https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evo101/IIE2bStudyorigins.shtml
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20161026-the-secret-of-how-life-on-earth-began
ANSWER CARD