PIECEWISE-DEFINED

FUNCTION
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
• a function that is defined by multiple sub-functions
• each of the sub-functions applies to a certain condition.
Illustration:

x 1 if x 4
f ( x) x2 if 4 x 1 conditions
x if x 1

sub-functions
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Evaluating piecewise-defined functions
Example:
Given that f and g are functions Find: 1) f(3)
defined by
f ( x) = 2 x + 2

f (3) = 2(3) + 2
f (3) = 6 + 2
and f (3) = 8
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Evaluating piecewise-defined functions
Example:
Given that f and g are functions Find: 2) g(5)
defined by
g ( x) = − x + 8
g (5) = −5 + 8

𝑔(5) = 3
and
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Evaluating piecewise-defined functions
Example:
Given that f and g are functions Find: 3) g(- 1/ )
2
defined by
g ( x) = x 2
2
 1  1
g−  = − 
 2  2
 1 1
g−  =
and  2 4
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Evaluating piecewise-defined functions
Example:
Given that f and g are functions Find: 4) g(1.5)
defined by
g ( x ) = −3x + 4
g (1.5) = −3(1.5) + 4
g (1.5) = −4.5 + 4
g (1.5) = −0.5
and
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Evaluating piecewise-defined functions
Example:
Given that f and g are functions Find: 5) f(-2)
defined by
f ( x) = x3 − 1

f (−2) = (−2)3 − 1
f (−2) = −8 − 1
and f (−2) = −9
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
Example 1. Graph the
piecewise-defined function
f(x) = x
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
Example 1. Graph the
piecewise-defined function
f(x) = x
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
Example 1. Graph the
piecewise-defined function
f(x) = x
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
Example 1. Graph the
piecewise-defined function
f(x) = x
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
Example 1. Graph the
piecewise-defined function
f(x) = -x f(x) = x
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
Example 1. Graph the
piecewise-defined function
f(x) = -x f(x) = x
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
Example 1. Graph the
piecewise-defined function
f(x) = -x f(x) = x
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
Example 1. Graph the
piecewise-defined function
f(x) = -x f(x) = x

Domain: {x | x  ℝ}
Range: {y | y  0 }
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
Example 2. Graph the
piecewise-defined function
f(x) = 1 - x
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
Example 2. Graph the
piecewise-defined function
f(x) = 1 - x
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
Example 2. Graph the
piecewise-defined function
f(x) = 1 - x
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
Example 2. Graph the
piecewise-defined function
f(x) = 1 - x f(x) = x

f(x) = -1
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
Example 2. Graph the
piecewise-defined function
f(x) = 1 - x

f(x) = x

f(x) = -1

Domain: {x | x  ℝ, x  2 }
Range: {y | y = −1  y  0 }
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
Example 2. Graph the
piecewise-defined function G(x) = x2
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
Example 2. Graph the
piecewise-defined function G(x) = x2

G(x) = 1
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
Example 2. Graph the
G(x) = x
piecewise-defined function G(x) = x2

G(x) = 1
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
Example 2. Graph the
G(x) = x
piecewise-defined function G(x) = x2

G(x) = 1

Domain: {x | x  ℝ}
Range: {y | y 1}
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Graph of piecewise-defined functions

Solution:
 2 x +8 if x < −2

f( x ) =  0 if x = −2
− x + 2 if x > −2

PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Problems involving piecewise-defined functions
Illustrative Example 1.
A cellular phone plan costs ₱390 a month. The plan includes
2 gigabytes (GB) of free data and charges ₱15 per gigabyte for any
additional data used or its fractional part thereafter. The monthly
charges are a function of the number of gigabytes of data used,
given by
 390 if 0  x  2
C( x ) = 
 390 + 15( x − 2) if x  2
Find: C(0.5), C(2), C(4), and C(2.8).
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Solution 1.
By evaluation, we find C(0.5), C(2),
Since 0.5 < 2, then we use
C(4), and C(2.8) by using the function
the function
 390 if 0  x  2 C(x) = 390.
C( x ) =  So, we have
 390 + 15( x − 2) if x  2 C(0.5) = 390.
First, we look at the value of the
input, x. If 0  x  2, then the This implies that a usage
value of C(x) is 390. On the other of 0.5GB is charged ₱390.
hand, if x > 2, then the value of
C(x) is 390 +15(x − 2).
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Solution 1.
By evaluation, we find C(0.5), C(2),
C(4), and C(2.8) by using the function And since 2 = 2, we also
say that C(2) = 390.
 390 if 0  x  2
C( x ) = 
 390 + 15( x − 2) if x  2

First, we look at the value of the

input, x. If 0  x  2, then the A 2GB consumption will
value of C(x) is 390. On the other also be charged ₱390.
hand, if x > 2, then the value of
C(x) is 390 +15(x − 2).
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Solution 1.
By evaluation, we find C(0.5), C(2),
4 > 2, this means that
C(4), and C(2.8) by using the function
C(4) will be determined by
 390 if 0  x  2
C(x) = 390+15(x −2)
C( x ) = 
 390 + 15( x − 2) if x  2 C(4) is
390+15(4 −2) = 420.
First, we look at the value of the
input, x. If 0  x  2, then the The charge for a 4GB
value of C(x) is 390. On the other consumption is ₱420.
hand, if x > 2, then the value of
C(x) is 390 +15(x − 2).
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Solution 1.
By evaluation, we find C(0.5), C(2),
C(2.8) will be determined
C(4), and C(2.8) by using the function
by the function
 390 if 0  x  2 C(x) = 390+15(x −2).
C( x ) =  2.8 > 2 and will be
 390 + 15( x − 2) if x  2 rounded to 3. So,
390+15(3 −2) = 405.
First, we look at the value of the
input, x. If 0  x  2, then the
value of C(x) is 390. On the other A 2.8GB consumption
hand, if x > 2, then the value of shall be charged ₱405.
C(x) is 390 +15(x − 2).
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Problems involving piecewise-defined functions
Example 2.
A user is charged ₱300 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which
includes 100 free text messages. Messages in excess of 100 are
charged ₱1 each. Represent the amount A of a consumer pays
each month as a function of the number of messages m sent in a
month.
Solution 2.
 300 if 0  m  100
A(m) = 
 300 + (m − 100) if m  100
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Problems involving piecewise-defined functions
Example 3.
In our country, the maximum speed permitted for buses on
skyways is 80kph and a minimum of 60kph. The fine F for violating
these limits is ₱1,200 for every kilometer above the maximum and
below the minimum. Write a piecewise-defined function to model
the total fine F in terms of the speed x of driving.
Solution 3.
1200(60 − x ) if 0< x  60

F ( x ) = 0 if 60  x  80
1200( x − 80) if x  80

PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Problems involving piecewise-defined functions
Example 4.
A resort offers an entrance fee of ₱200 per head if there are less
than 10 persons going inside the place. However, if there are 10
persons or more, one of them is free of charge. Write a piecewise
defined model of the total amount paid A as a function of the
number of persons x who entered the resort.
Solution 4.
 200 x if 1  x  10
A( x ) = 
 200( x − 1) if x  10
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Problems involving piecewise-defined functions
Example 5.
An internet café has a flat rate of ₱ 15 for the first hour of playing,
surfing, and the like. An additional ₱5 is charged for every hour in
excess afterward.

Find the amount you paid if:

a) you spent an hour each day for 3 days
b) you spent 3 hours for a day on the internet.
c) which of the two “a” or “b” lets you spend less, why?
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Problems involving piecewise-defined functions
Solution 5.
b) you spent 3 hours for a
 15 if 0  x  1
f (x) =  day on the internet.
 5( x − 1) + 15 if x  1 f ( x ) = 5( x − 1) + 15
Find the amount you paid if: f (3) = 5(3 − 1) + 15
a) you spent an hour each = 25
day for 3 days
c) which of the two “a” or “b”
f ( x ) = 15 lets you spend less, why?
3f ( x ) = 3(15) B − various answers/
= 45 justifications
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Problems involving piecewise-defined functions
Example 6.
You and your classmates want to earn extra income this summer.
To do this, you will sell Summer Fun Shirts. The wholesaler has the
following conditions; If you purchase 100 shirts, each shirt costs
₱120; If you purchase between 100 and 300 shirts, the price per
shirt is lowered to ₱110; If you get 300 shirts or more,
the price per shirt is lowered by ₱15.

How much will be the cost of buying

a)100 shirts? b) 250 shirts? c) 400 shirts?
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Problems involving piecewise-defined functions
Solution 6.

a)100 shirts b) 250 shirts c) 400 shirts

a) A(t ) = 120 t b) A(t ) = 110 t c) A(t ) = 105 t
A(100) = 120(100) A(100) = 110(250) A(100) = 105(400)
= Php12,000 = Php27,500 = Php42,000
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Problems involving piecewise-defined functions
Example 7.
Abigail’s income tax T is assessed by a certain bracket of gross pay
per year. If she earns a gross pay of ₱140,000 or less for one year,
the income tax is 8% of the gross income. On the other hand, if
she earns more than ₱140,000 but less than ₱200,000, the income
tax is ₱10,000 additional to the 8% of the gross income. Write a
piecewise defined model of income tax T in terms of the amount
of gross income x.
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
Problems involving piecewise-defined functions
Example 7.
 0.08 x if x  140,000
T(x) = 
 0.08 x + 10,000 if 140,000  x  200,000

Alternative Solution:
 2x
 25 if x  140,000
T(x) = 
 2 x + 250,000 if 140,000  x  200,000
 25
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION

END