Course Syllebus B.SC 2018

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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123 Courses and Syllabus for B.Sc. (Hort.)
UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES, BAGALKOT

Department Wise Courses and Syllabus
I. DEPARTMENT OF FRUIT SCIENCE
Sl. # Course # CourseTitle Credit Hour
1 FSC 101 Fundamentals of Horticulture 3(2+1)
2 FSC 102 Plant Propagation and Nursery 2 (1+1)
Management
3 FSC 201 Tropical and Sub Tropical Fruits 3 (2+1)
4 FSC 202 Temperate Fruit Crops 2 (2+0)
5 FSC 301 Dryland Horticulture 2(1+1)
6 FSC 302 Breeding of Fruit Crops 2 (1+1)
Total 14 (9+5)
FSC 101 Fundamentals of Horticulture 3(2+1)

Theory:
Scope and importance, classification of horticultural crops and nutritive
value, area and production, exports and imports, fruit and vegetable zones
of India and of different states, nursery techniques and their management,
soil and climate, vegetable gardens, nutrition and kitchen garden and
other types of gardens – principles, planning and layout, management of
orchards, planting systems and planting densities. Production and practices
for fruit crops. Principles, objectives, types and methods of pruning and
training of fruit crops, types and use of growth regulators in horticulture,
water management– irrigation methods, merits and demerits, weed
management, fertility management in horticultural crops-manures and
fertilizers, different methods of application, cropping systems,
intercropping, multi-tier cropping, mulching– objectives, types merits and
demerits. Classification of bearing habits of fruit trees, factors influencing
the fruitfulness and unfruitfulness. Rejuvenation of old orchards, top
working, frame working, principles of organic farming, market chain
management.
Practical
Features of orchard, planning and layout of orchard, tools and implements,
identification of various horticultural crops, layout of nutrition garden,
preparation of nursery beds for sowing of vegetable seeds, digging of
pits for fruit plants, planting systems, training and pruning of orchard
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trees, preparation of fertilizer mixtures and field application, preparation

and application of growth regulators, layout of different irrigation systems,
identification and management of nutritional disorders in fruits, assessment
of bearing habits, maturity standards, harvesting, grading, packaging and
storage.
FSC 102 Plant Propagation and Nursery Management 2(1+1)

Theory
Propagation: Need and potentialities for plant multiplication, sexual and
asexual methods of propagation, advantages and disadvantages. Seed
dormancy, types of dormancy (scarification & stratification) internal and
external factors, nursery techniques, nursery management, apomixes –
mono-embrony, polyembrony, chimera& bud sport. Propagation
Structures: Mist chamber, humidifiers, greenhouses, glasshouses, cold
frames, hot beds, poly-houses, phytotrons nursery (tools and implements),
use of growth regulators in seed, types and stages of seed germination
with examples and vegetative propagation, methods and techniques of
division-stolons, pseudobulbs, offsets, runners, cutting, layering, grafting,
formation of graft union, factors affecting, healing of graftage and budding
physiological & bio chemical basis of rooting, factors influencing rooting
of cuttings and layering, graft incompatibility. Anatomical studies of bud
union, selection and maintenance of mother trees, collection of scion
wood stick, scion-stock relationship and their influences, bud wood
certification, techniques of propagation through specialized organs, corm,
runners, suckers. Micrografting, meristem culture, callus culture, anther
culture, organogenesis, somaclonal variation, hardening of plants in
nurseries. Nursery registration act. Insect/pest/disease control in nursery
and cost of establishment of propagation structures.
Practical
Media for propagation of plants in nursery beds, potting and repotting.
Preparation of nursery beds and sowing of seeds. Raising of rootstock.
Seed treatments for breaking dormancy and inducing vigorous seedling
growth. Preparation of plant material for potting. Hardening plants in
the nursery. Practicing different types of cuttings, layering, graftings
and buddings including grafting, top grafting and bridge grafting etc.
Use of mist chamber in propagation and hardening of plants. Preparation
of plant growth regulators for seed germination and vegetative
propagation. Visit to a tissue culture laboratory. Digging, labelling and
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packing of nursery fruit plants. Maintenance of nursery records. Use of

different types of nursery tools and implements for general nursery and
virus tested plant material in the nursery. Cost of establishment of a mist
chamber, greenhouse, glasshouse, polyhouse and their maintenance.
Nutrient and plant protection applications during nursery and study of
micropropagation. Visit to public and private nurseries.
FSC 201 Tropical and Sub Tropical Fruits 3(2+1)

Theory
Horticultural classification of fruits including genome classification.
Horticultural zones of India, detailed study of area, production and export
potential, varieties, climate and soil requirements, use of rootstocks,
propagation techniques, planting density and systems, after care, training
and pruning. Management of water, nutrient and weeds, special
horticultural techniques including plant growth regulators, their solution
preparation and use in commercial orchards. Physiological disorders.
Post-harvest technology, harvest indices, harvesting methods, grading,
packaging and storage of the following crops. Mango, banana, grapes,
citrus, papaya, sapota, guava, pineapple, jackfruit, avocado, mangosteen,
litchi, carambola, durian, rambutan, bilimbi, loquat, roseapple, breadfruit
and passion fruit. Bearing in mango and citrus, causes and control
measures of special production problems, alternate and irregular bearing
overcome, control measures. Seediness and konkan disease in banana,
citrus decline and casual factors and their management. Bud forecasting
in grapes, sex expression and seed production in papaya, latex extraction
and crude papain production, economics of production. Preparation of
project proposal.
Practical
Description and identification of varieties based on flower and fruit
morphology in fruit crops. Training and pruning of grapes, mango, guava
and citrus. Selection of site and planting system, pre-treatment of banana
suckers, desuckering in banana, sex forms in papaya. Use of plastics in
fruit production. Visit to commercial orchards and diagnosis of maladies.
Manure and fertilizer application including bio-fertilizers in fruit crops,
preparation and application of growth regulators in banana, grapes and
mango. Latex extraction and preparation of crude papain. Ripening of
fruits, grading and packaging, production economics for tropical and sub-
tropical fruits. Botanical description and identification of crops. Visit to
public and private orchards.
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FSC 202 Temperate Fruit Crops 2(2+0)

Theory
Classification of temperate fruits, detailed study of areas, production,
varieties, climate and soil requirements, propagation, planting density,
cropping systems, after care training and pruning, self-incompatibility
and pollinisers, use of growth regulators, nutrient and weed management,
harvesting, post-harvest handling and storage of apple, pear, peach, apricot,
plum, cherry, persimmon, strawberry, kiwi, Queens land nut (Mecademia
nut), almond, walnut, pecan nut, hazel nut and chest nut. Re-plant
problem, rejuvenation and special production problems like pre-mature
leaf fall, physiological disorders, Special production problems like alternate
bearing problems and their remedies
FSC 301 Dryland Horticulture 2(1+1)

Theory
Definition, importance and limitation of dry land horticulture, present
status and future scope. Constraints encounter in dry lands. Agro-climatic
features in rain shadow areas, scarse water resources, high temperature,
soil erosion, run-off losses etc.Techniques and management of dry land
horticulture, watershed development, soil and water conservation
methods-terraces, contour bunds, etc. Methods of control and impounding
of run-off water-farm ponds, trenches, macro catch pits,etc.,in-situ water
harvesting methods, micro catchment, different types of tree basins etc.
Methods of reducing evapotranspiration, use of shelter belts, mulches,
antitranspirants, growth regulators, etc. water use efficiency-need based,
economic and conjunctive use of water, micro systems of irrigation
etc.IFS concept and alternate land use systems.Selection of plants having
drought resistance. Special techniques, planting and after care-use of
seedling races, root stocks, in-situ grafting, deep pitting/planting, canopy
management etc.Characters and special adaptation of crops: ber, aonla,
annona, jamun, wood apple, bael, pomegranate, carissa, date palm, phalsa,
fig, west Indian cherry and tamarind.
Practical
Study of rainfall patterns.Water budgeting, contour bunding/ trenching,
micro catchments, soil erosion and its control.Study of evapotranspiration,
mulches, life saving irrigation.Special techniques of planting and aftercare
in dry lands. Study of morphological and anatomical features of drought
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tolerant fruit crops. Mapping of arid and semi arid zones of India.Life
saving irrigation.Visit to public institutes involved in dryland horticulture.
FSC 302 Breeding of Fruit Crops 2(1+1)

Theory
Importance of breeding of fruit crops, problems in fruit trees. Origin,
centres of diversity and distribution of fruit species. History, hybridization
and developments in fruit crops.Introduction, selection, identification and
selection of mutants, bud sports, chimeras and their perpetuation by
vegetative propagation. Variability for economic traits, breeding strategies.
Collection and maintenance of germplasm of varieties and related species.
Breeding behaviour of fruit crops. Floral biology, pollination, incompatibility
in mango, banana, citrus, papaya, pineapple, sapota, grapes,
guava,pomegranate, apple, nuts etc. Prospects of genetic engineering
and biotechnology in improvement of fruit crops
Practical :
Description and classification of related species and varieties of fruit
crops. Study of floral structures, biology and economic produce of crops.
Selfing and crossing techniques, use of mutagens, handling of breeding
population, preparation of plant descriptors for important fruit crops. Visit
to research centers and commercial orchard.
II. DEPARTMENT OF VEGETABLE SCIENCE

Sl. # Course # Course Title Credit Hour
1 VSC 102 Tropical and Sub Tropical Vegetables 3 (2+1)
2 VSC 201 Temperate Vegetables and Tuber Crops 3 (2+1)
3 VSC 202 Precision Farming and Protected 1 (0+1)
Cultivation of Vegetables
4 VSC 301 Breeding and Seed Production of 3 (2+1)
Vegetable Crops
5 VSC 302 Experimental Techniques in Horticulture 1 (0+1)
Total 11(6+5)
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VSC 102 Tropical and Sub Tropical Vegetables 3 (2+1)

Theory
Importance, scope and classification of vegetable crops. Area, production,
origin, economic importance and export potentials, varieties/hybrids,
climate and soil requirement, seed rate, modern nursery practices, field
preparation, transplanting/sowing, spacing, water, weed, nutrient
management, use of chemicals and growth regulators, physiological
disorders, cropping systems, maturity standards, harvesting, yield,
economics of cultivation, post-harvest handling, storage and marketing
of tomato, brinjal, capsicum, chilli, okra, cluster bean, cow pea, dolichos
bean, french bean, cucumber, melons, gourds and squashes, drumstick,
curry leaf, basella, amaranthus, methi, dill, portulaca and sweet corn.
Practical
Botany, identification and description of varieties/hybrids of tropical and
subtropical vegetables crops, nursery practices, transplanting, field
preparation, sowing/planting, use of herbicides, top dressing of fertilizers,
interculture, use of growth regulators, identification of nutrient
deficiencies and physiological disorders, pests and diseases and their
management, harvest indices and maturity standards, working out cost
of cultivation and project preparation for commercial cultivation.
VSC 201 Temperate Vegetables and Tuber Crops 3 (2+1)

Theory
Importance, area, production, origin, export potentials, varieties/hybrids,
climate and soil requirements, seed rate, nursery practices, field
preparation, transplanting/sowing, spacing, water, weed and nutrient
management, use of chemicals and growth regulators, physiological
disorders, cropping systems, maturity standards, harvesting, yield,
economics of cultivation, post-harvest handling, storage and marketing
of cabbage, cauliflower, knol-khol, sprouting brocolli, brussels sprout,
lettuce, palak, chinese cabbage, spinach, onion, garlic, leek, radish, carrot,
turnip, beet root, peas, broad bean, rhubarb, asparagus, globe artichoke,
celery, potato, sweet potato, tapioca, amorphophallus, colocassia,
diascoria, horse radish, arrow root, jerusalem artichoke and xanthosoma.
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Practical
Botany, identification and description of varieties/hybrids of temperate
vegetables and tuber crops, modern nursery practices, transplanting, field
preparation, sowing/planting, use of herbicides, top dressing of fertilizers,
interculture, use of growth regulators, identification of nutrient
deficiencies and physiological disorders, pests and diseases and their
managements, harvest indices and maturity standards, working out cost
of cultivation and project preparation for commercial cultivation.
VSC 202 Precision Farming and Protected 1(0+1)

Importance and scope of precision farming and protected cultivation.
Problems/ constrains of greenhouse cultivation and future strategies.
Choice of crops for cultivation under greenhouse (tomato, capsicum and
cucumber).Study of different types of greenhouses based on shape,
construction and cladding materials. Testing of soil and water to study
its suitability for growing crops in greenhouses. Media and sterilization
process. Bed preparation and planting methods. Laser leveling,
mechanized direct seed sowing, seedling and sapling, transplanting,
nutrient film technique (NFT).Irrigation and fertigation techniques used
in greenhouses. Training and pruning methods. Geographical information
system (GIS), pest and disease management practices. Harvest and
post-harvest management. Economics of precision farming and protected
cultivation. Visit to commercial precision and protected cultivation farms.
VSC 301 Breeding and Seed Production of 3(2+1)

Vegetable Crops
Theory
History and scope of breeding vegetable crops, methods of reproduction
and breeding systems in vegetable crops. Genetic resources, genetics of
qualitative and quantitative characters, objectives of breeding, methods
of breeding, achievements, maintenance breeding, breeders, foundation
and certified seed production, field (isolation distance and rouging) and
seed standards for seed production of potato, tomato, chilli, sweet pepper,
brinjal, peas, bhendi, dolichos bean, french bean, cow pea, cucumber,
musk melon, water melon, bitter gourd, onion, ridge gourd, pumpkin,
squashes, cabbage, cauliflower, amaranthus, radish and carrot.
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Practical
Study of floral biology and pollination mechanisms in vegetable crops,
selfing and crossing techniques in vegetable crops, cataloguing of released
varieties and hybrids and preparation of plant descriptors for important
vegetable crops, preparation and use of chemical and physical mutagens,
heterosis breeding and techniques of F1 hybrid seed production, study of
seed structure, colour, size, shape and texture, field inspection of seed
crops, practices in rouging, seed harvesting and seed extraction and
germination and purity analysis. Visit to R & D units of MNCs involved
in vegetable breeding and seed production.
VSC 302 Experimental Techniques in Horticulture 1(0+1)

Introduction, national and international research institutes and modern
trends and concepts in horticultural research. Aims and objectives of
field experiments, sources of variation, uniformity trials and their
interpretation. Experimental designs - basic principles, choice of designs,
layout, size and shape of plots and arrangement of blocks. Factors
considered in fixing treatments. Planning and layout of experiments.
Recording of observations, sampling techniques, maintenance of
experimental records, tabulations, analysis and interpretation of results.
Each student will plan and conduct a field experiment and prepare a
research report. Visit to horticulture research/stations.
III. DEPARTMENT OF FLORICULTURE AND LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE
Sl.# Course # CourseTitle Credit Hour
1 FLA 102 Ornamental Horticulture 2 (1+1)
2 FLA 201 Commercial Floriculture 2 (1+1)
3 FLA 202 Landscape Architecture 2 (1 +1)
4 FLA 301 Protected Cultivation of Flower Crops 2 (1+1)
5 FLA 302 Breeding and Seed Production of
Flower Crops 2(1+1)
Total 10(5+5)
FLA-102 Ornamental Horticulture 2(1+1)

Theory
Introduction, history, scope and industrial importance of ornamental
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horticulture, Basic elements of garden design viz., major and minor

elements. Principles of garden design. Styles (formal and informal) and
types of garden (features of english, japanese, mughal, french, persian
and italian gardens).Garden features/components (garden wall, gates,
fence, paths and drives, steps, bridges, hedge, edge, borders, flower beds,
carpet bed, lawn, arches and pergolas, terraces).Garden adornments
(garden seats/benches, tubs/ urns/ vases, lanterns, statutes, sculptures,
fountains, water basins, bird bath, floral clock, sun dials etc.,). Famous
gardens of India. Importance, classification, design values and cultivation
tips for ornamental plants viz. annuals, biennales, herbaceous perennials,
bulbous ornamentals, shrubs, trees, climbers, palms and cycads, ferns
and sellagenellas, cacti and succulents and indoor plants. Establishment
of lawn and maintenance. Bonsai culture and maintenance. Flower
arrangement concepts and Ikebana- techniques, types, suitable flowers
and cut foliage. Dry flowers- dehydration techniques and preservation.
Floral arts and adornments.
Practical
Identification and description of elements, principles, features and
adornments in the garden. Nursery practices for raising annuals and
potted ornamentals. Planning, designing and establishment of garden
features viz. lawn, hedge and edge, flower bed, carpet beds. Identification
and description of annuals, biennials, herbaceous perennials, shrubs, trees,
climbers, ferns and sellagenellas, palms and cycads, Cacti and succulents,
indoor plants. Study of Bonsai techniques, training and maintenance.
Practices on of flower arrangement, preparation of bouquets, preparation
of floral rangoli, veni etc.,Visit to gardens.
FLA-201 Commercial Floriculture 2(1+1)

Theory
Scope and importance of commercial floriculture in India. Area and
production of flower crops in India. Production techniques of commercial
flower crops -rose, chrysanthemum, tuberose, gladiolus, dahlia, china
aster, marigold, gaillardia, jasmine, crossandra, bird of paradise, lilies,
and heliconia. Postharvest management of flower crops. Essential oil
extraction from flowers - rose, jasmine and tuberose. Use of organics in
flower crops. Economics and cost of cultivation.
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Practical
Identification of commercially important flower crops and their varieties.
Nursery practices in annual flower crops. Use of growth regulators in
propagation by cutting, layering, grafting and budding in flower crops.
Training and pruning operations. Use of chemicals and packaging material
for prolonging the vase life of cut-flowers. Exposure visits.
FLA -202 Landscape Architecture 2 (1 +1)

Theory
Importance and scope of Landscape Architecture.Functional uses of
plants for landscape and pollution control. Steps in preparation of garden
design. Use of Auto CAD and Archi CAD in designing gardens. Use of
softwares and software tools for developing landscapes. Bio-aesthetic
planning, definition, objectives. Special types of gardens (rock, water,
marsh/ bog, sunken, shade, roof, terrace, vertical, instant, dish, traffic
island and terrarium).Landscaping for specific areas (home garden, public
parks, educational institutes, hospitals, religious places, play-ground, high
ways, avenues, industrial area, air port, rail way station and line, bus
station, historical place, cemeteries, dam site, river bank).Xeriscaping-
definition, principles and practice.
Practical
Study of garden equipments. Use of drawing equipments, graphic symbols
and notations in landscape designing.Designing gardens using Auto-CAD/
Archi-CAD. Study and designing of different styles of gardens.Study
and designing of gardens based on different themes. Designing gardens
for specific places.Visit to public/ institutional / botanical gardens.
FLA-301 Protected Cultivation of Flower Crops 2(1+1)

Theory
Importance and scope for protected cultivation. Problems, advantages
and disadvantages of protected cultivation. Green house technology-
Introduction, Greenhouse effect, structure and types of greenhouses.
Equipments and materials required for green house constr uction and
management. Factors involved in the green house production and plant
response to greenhouse environment. Growing media and sterilization
methods. Production technology for rose, carnation, gerbera,
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chrysanthemum, orchids and anthuriuns (preparation of beds, planting

method, nutrition, irrigation, fertigatrion, pest/disease management,
harvest and post-harvest management).Cost estimation and economic
analysis.
Practical
Studies on different types of greenhouses based on shape, construction
and cladding materials.Testing of soil and water for suitability to grow
crops in greenhouses. Studies on growing media and sterilization process.
Preparation of beds, planting methods and cultural operations. Studies
on irrigation and fertigation facilities. Economics of protected cultivation.
Visit to commercial green houses.
FLA-302 Breeding and Seed Production of 2(1+1)

Flower Crops
Theory
History of ornamental plant breeding. Problems in flower crops breeding.
Application of breeding techniques (diversity, introduction, selection,
hybridization, mutation, polyploidy, biotechnological approaches and
development of promising cultivars) for improvement in Rose, Carnation,
Gerbera, Chrysanthemum, Orchids, Anthurium, Tuberose, Gladiolus,
Dahlia, Jasmine, Crossandra, Hibiscus, Bouganvillea, China aster,
Marigold, Gaillardia, Petunia, Zinnia, Cosmos, Dianthus, Antirrhinium.
Role of heterosis and its exploitation in flower seed production. Utilization
of male sterility in F1 hybrid seed production. Production of open
pollinated seeds. Harvesting, processing, certification and storage of
seeds.
Practical
Classification of plants and plant organs. Taxonomical and trait description
of plant organs (roots, branches, leaves, inflorescence).Studies on flower
parts. Taxonomy, floral biology and pollination mechanisms in important
flower crops. Studies on pollination and fertilization methods. Studies on
development of seed.Studies on seed dispersal mechanisms.
Identification of annual flower seeds. Practices on seed production
methods. Visit to tissue culture and seed production units.
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IV. DEPARTMENT OF PLANTATION, SPICES, MEDICINAL

AND AROMATIC CROPS
1 PMA 102 Plantation Crops 3 (2+1)
2 PMA 201 Spices and Condiments 2 (1+1)
3 PMA 202 Medicinal Crops 2 (1+1)
4 PMA 301 Aromatic Crops 2 (1+1)
5 PMA 302 Breeding of Spices and 2 (1+1)
Plantation Crops
Total 11(6+5)
PMA 102 Plantation Crops 3(2+1)

Theory
History and development, scope and importance, area and production,
export and import potential, role in national and state economy, uses,
industrial importance, by products utilization, soil and climate, varieties,
propagation: principles and practices of seed, vegetative and micro-
propagation, planting systems and method, gap filling, systems of
cultivation, mulching, shade regulation, weed and water management,
training, pruning and handling, nutrition, foliar feeding, role of growth
regulators, soil management, liming practices, tipping practices, top
working, physiological disorders, harvesting, post-harvest handling and
processing, packaging and marketing, yield and economics of coconut,
arecanut, oil palm, cocao, cashew nut, coffee, tea and rubber.
Practical
Description and identification of coconut varieties, selection of coconut
and arecanut mother palm and seed nut, planting of seed nuts in nursery,
layout and planting of coconut, arecanut, oil palm, cashew nut, cacao
gardens, manuring, irrigation; mulching, raising masonry nursery for palm,
nursery management in cacao. Description and identification of species
and varieties in coffee, harvesting, grading, pulping, fermenting, washing,
drying and packing of coffee, seed berry collection, seed extraction,
treatment and sowing of coffee, epicotyl, softwood, grafting and top
working in cashew, working out the economics and project preparation
for coconut, arecanut, oil palm, cashew nut and cacao.
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PMA 201 Spices and Condiments 2(1+1)

Theory
History, scope importance and constraints. Present status, area and
production, uses, export potential and role in national economy.
Classification, soil and climate, propagation-seed, vegetative and micro
propagation systems and methods of planting. Nutritional management,
irrigation practices, weed control, mulching and cover cropping. Training
and pruning practices, role of growth regulators, shade crops and shade
regulation. Harvesting, post-harvest technology, packaging, storage, value
added products, methods of extraction of essential oil and oleoresins.
Economics of cultivation, role of Spice Board. Export Promotion Council,
institutions and research centres in R&D. Crops: Cardamom, pepper,
betel vine, ginger, turmeric, clove, nutmeg, cinnamon, kokam, curry leaf,
coriander, fenugreek, fennel, mustard and vanilla.
Practical
Identification of varieties: propagation, seed treatment – sowing; planting;
hoeing and earthing up; manuring and use of weedicides, training and
pruning; fixing maturity standards, harvesting, curing, processing, grading
and extraction of essential oils and oleoresins. Visit to commercial
plantations and research stations.
PMA 202 Medicinal Crops 2 (1+1)

Theory
History, scope, opportunities and constraints in the cultivation and
maintenance of medicinal plants in India. Importance, origin, distribution,
area, production, climatic and soil requirements, propagation and nursery
techniques, planting and after care, cultural practices, training and pruning,
nutritional and water requirements. Important pests and diseases,
harvesting and processing of under mentioned important medicinal plants.
Therapeutic and pharmaceutical uses of important species. Medicinal
crops: Withania, periwinkle, Rauvolfia, Dioscorea, Isabgol, opium poppy,
coleus,stevia, long pepper, senna, asparagus,glorylilly, safedmusli ,
kalmegh, cinchona and Ammimajus.
Practical
Study and identification of medicinal plants, their morphological
description, nursery techniques, varieties. Study of harvesting,
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Identification and management of important pests and diseases of

commercial medicinal crops. Study the concepts and layout of herbal
garden. Visit to herbal garden and research stations
PMA 301 Aromatic Crops 2(1+1)

Theory
History, scope, opportunities and constraints in the cultivation and
maintenance of aromatic plants in India. Importance, origin, distribution,
area, production, climatic and soil requirements, propagation and nursery
techniques, planting and after care, cultural practices, training and pruning,
nutritional and water requirements. Important pests and diseases,
harvesting and extraction methods of under mentioned important aromatic
plants. Uses and economics of essential oils in aromatic plants. Storage
techniques of essential oils.
Aromatic crops: Citronella, khus, lavender, geranium, patchouli, Lemon
scented gum, Mint, ocimum, Lemongrass, palmarosa, davana , Jasmine,
tuberose, sandal wood and Rosemarry.
Practical
Study and identification of medicinal plants, their morphological
description, nursery techniques, varieties. Study of harvesting, curing
and processing techniques of different species and extraction of essential
oils. Identification and management of important pests and diseases of
commercial aromatic crops. Visit to aromatic crop fields distillation units
and research stations.
PMA 302 Breeding of Spices and Plantation Crops 2(1+1)

Theory
History and importance of plantation and spice crops. Research Stations
Origin, introduction, distribution, domestication and adoption. Variability
for economic traits breeding strategies-clonal selection, poly-clonal
orchards bud mutation – mutagenesis and its application in crop
improvement hybrids – haploid and ploidy breeding and In vitro techniques
in the improvement of plantation and spice crops. Genetic resources.
Objective of breeding principles and methods of breeding and salient
breeding achievements of plantation and Spice crops. IPR pertaining to
spices and plantation crops.
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Plantation Crops: Arecanut, Coconut, oil palm, rubber, cashew nut, coffee,
tea and cocoa.
Spice Crops: Cardamom, black pepper, ginger, turmeric, nutmeg,
cinnamom, coriander, fenugreek, fennel and vanilla.
Practical:
Floral structure, floral biology and economic products of important
perennial horticultural crops, selfing and crossing techniques, handling
of breeding populations, preparation of plant descriptors of importance
plantation and spice crops. Visit to place of interest including research
station in relation to breeding activities of plantation and spice crops.
Techniques of raising of segregating lines, evaluation of segregating
genera. Techniques of F1 hybrid seed production. Maintenance of
breeding records, emasculation and pollination procedures. Maintenance
of male sterile lines, preparation of chemical nutrients. Working out the
heritability, variety release proposals. Production of hybrids.
V. DEPARTMENT OF POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY

Sl.# Course # Course Title Credit Hour
1 PHT 101 Fundamentals of Food and Nutrition 2 (1+1)
2 PHT 301 Post-Harvest Management of 3(2+1)
Horticultural Produce
3 PHT 302 Processing of Horticultural Produce 3 (2+1)
Total 8(5+3)
PHT 101 Fundamentals of Food and Nutrition 2 (1+1)

Theory
Food and its functions, physico-chemical properties of foods; Food
Preparation Techniques; Nutrition, relation of nutrition to good health,
characteristics of well and malnourished population; Energy, food energy,
determination of food energy, total energy needs of the body;
Carbohydrates- functional properties, classification, functions, sources,
requirements, digestion, absorption and utilization. Dietary fibre,
physiological effects, role of fibre in human nutrition; Proteins- functional
properties, classification, functions, sources, requirements, digestion,
absorption, essential and non essential amino acids, quality of proteins,
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deficiency and complementary value of proteins; Lipids-functional

properties, classification, functions, sources, requirements, digestion,
absorption and utilization saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, deficiency,
rancidity, refining of fats, dietary fat and coronary heart diseases; Water
and electrolyte balance; Mineral nutrition-macro and micro minerals,
function, utilization, requirements, sources, effects of deficiency; Vitamins-
functions, sources, effects of deficiency, requirements of water soluble
and fat-soluble vitamins; Anti-oxidants, functional foods and
nutraceuticals; Browning reactions in fruits and vegetables; Balanced
diet; RDA for various age groups; Assessment of nutritional status of
population.
Practical
Methods of measuring food ingredients; Effect of cooking on volume
and weight; Determination of percentage of edible portion; Browning
reactions in fruits and vegetables; Microscopic examination of starches;
Estimation of energy value of foods; Estimation of quality of proteins &
fats in foods; Determination of BMI; Planning diet for various age groups.
PHT 301 Post Harvest Management of 3(2+1)

Horticultural Produce
Theory
Importance of post harvest technology in horticulture crops, present status
and future scope, pre-harvest factors affecting quality, post-harvest losses
and factors responsible for deterioration of horticulture produce; Maturity
indices, physiological and biochemical changes during ripening process,
hastening and delaying of ripening process; Harvesting, handling, curing,
grading and pre-cooling of horticulture produce; Packaging, types of
packages, recent advances in packaging, use of grape guard in packaging,
cushioning materials; Transportation and modes of transport; Marketing
of fresh produce; Pre and post-harvest treatments for extending storage
life; Principles and methods of storage.
Practical
Study of structure of fruits, vegetables and cut flowers in relation to post
harvest physiology; Practices in judging maturity of horticulture produce;
Harvesting, sorting and grading of horticulture produce; Estimation of
PLW, TSS, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid; Post harvest treatment of
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horticulture produce-Hot water treatment, wax, growth regulators,

calcium compounds and fungicides on shelf life and quality on horticulture
produce; Packaging of important horticulture crops; Study of design and
construction of ZECC; Study on cold storage of fruits, vegetables and
flowers; Storage disorders and spoilages in horticulture produce. Visit to
markets, packing houses and cold storage units.
PHT 302 Processing of Horticultural Produce 3 (2+1)

Theory:
History, importance, present status and future scope of fruit and vegetable
preservation industry in India; Unit operations in food processing; General
principles of preservation of horticulture produce; Chemical preservatives;
Principles and methods of drying and dehydration; Preservation by heat;
Preservation by use of sugar and chemicals; Preservation by salt, spices,
essential oils and vinegar; Preservation by fermentation and freezing;
Minimal processing of fruits and vegetables; Curing and processing of
spices and plantation crops; Packaging of processed products; Spoilages
in processed products; Quality control of processed products and food
laws, Government policies on import and export of processed horticulture
produce; Principles and guidelines for establishment of processing industry.
Practical
Study of tools and equipments used in processing of horticulture produce;
Study of packages (rigid and flexible) used for processed foods;
Preparation of dried and dehydrated products; Raisin preparation;
Preparation of juice, RTS, nectar, cordial, squash, syrup, jam, jelly, candied
and crystallized products, preserve (Murabba), tomato ketchup and sauce,
pickles; Canning of fruits and vegetables; Study of spoilage in canned
foods; Freezing preservation; Preparation of wines; Curing and processing
of regionally important spices and plantation crops; Visit to processing
industries.
VI. DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY

Sl.# Course # Courses Titel Credit Hour
1 ENT 102 Fundamentals of Entomology 2(1+1)
2 ENT 201 Principles of Pest Management 3 (2+1)
and Productive Insects
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3 ENT 301 Pests of Vegetable, Ornamental and 2 (1+1)

Spice Crops
4 ENT 302 Pests of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal 3(2+1)
and Aromatic Crops
Total 10(6+4)
ENT 102 Fundamentals of Entomology 2(1+1)

Theory
Introduction to phylum arthropoda. Importance of class Insecta. Insect
dominance. History of entomology in India, Importance of entomology
in different fields. Definition, division and scope of entomology.
Comparative account of external morphology-types of mouth parts,
antennae, legs, wings and genetalia. Structure, function of cuticle &
moulting and body segmentation, Anatomy of digestive, Circulatory,
respiratory, glandular, excretory, nervous and reproductive systems. Types
of reproduction. Postembryonic development-eclosion. Metamorphosis.
Types of egg, larvae and pupa. Classification of insects upto orders,
sub-order and families of economic importance and their distinguished
characters. Plant mites – morphological features, important families with
examples.
Practical
Insect collection and preservation. General body organization of insects.
Study on morphology of grasshopper or cockroach. Preparation of
permanent mounts of mouth parts, antennae, legs and wings. Dissection
of grasshopper/cockroach and caterpillar for study of internal anatomy.
Studies on biology of important insects. Observations on moulting and
metamorphosis. Types of eggs , larvae and pupae. Identification of insects
representing economically important orders and families. Study on
morphology of important families of mites
ENT 201 Principles of Pest Management and 3(2+1)

Productive Insects
Theory
Economic classification of Insects. Pest-definition and types of pests,
types of damage caused by pests. Concept of ETL and EIL in pest
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management. Factors for outbreak of pest populations. Pest survey,

surveillance and forecasting. Pest management-Definition and
importance; Methods of pest management - Mechanical, Cultural,
Physical, Legal, Biological and Chemical. Biorational and Biotechnological
approaches in pest management. Integrated pest management- Principles
and its components; advantages and disadvantages. Biological control-
predators, parasitoids, entomopathogens and weedkillers and their mass
production and use. Insecticides: Classifications of insecticides based
on mode of entry, action and chemical nature; Insecticides formulations
and their uses; safe handling of insecticides
Importance and History of apiculture. Species of honey bees- Rock
bee, Little bee, Indian bee, European bee, and Dammar bee, lifecycle
and caste determination. Beekeeping Appliances. Establishment of apiary,
Bee colony maintenance in different seasons. Importance of bee
pollination in horticulture crops. Honey extraction, honey compositionand
value, bee wax and other hive products. Pests and diseases of honey
bees. Economics of beekeeping.
Importance, history and development of Sericulture in India, different
kinds of silkworms and their host plants. Mulberry silkworm-morphology,
races, rearing house and equipments.S ilkworm rearing. Cocoon quality
and processing. Uses of silk and by-products. Economics of silk
production. Moriculture- establishment of mulberry garden and its
management. Lac cultivation in India. Lac insects, biology, types, lac
cultivation and host plants. Uses of lac.
Practical
Assessment of pest damage/ETL. Pest monitoring devices and
forecasting. Studies on Beneficial insects- Predators, Parasitoids and
their mass production. Different entomopathogens and their mass
produciton and usage. Visit to biocontrol laboratories. Classification of
insecticides and their formulations.Preparation and usage of botanical
insecticides. Study of plant protection appliances. Safe handling of
pesticides and pesticide residues.
Honey bee colony, different bee hives and apiculture equipment. Summer
and Winter management of colony. Colony multiplication and uniting.
Honey and wax extraction, Processing and bottling of honey. Study of
pests and diseases of honeybees. Visit to apiary.
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Establishment and maintenance of mulberry garden. Study of different

kinds of silkworms and mulberry silkworm morphology. Sericulture
equipments and rearing facility. Rearing of silkworms. Study of silkworm
pests, diseases and their management. Visit to sericulture unit.
ENT 301 Pests of Vegetable, Ornamental and 2(1+1)

Spice Crops
Theory
Economic importance of insects and mites in vegetable and spice crops
-ecology and pest management with reference to these crops. Pest
surveillance in important vegetable and spice crops. Distribution, host
range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of important insect
and mite pests affecting vegetable and spice crops like brinjal, tomato,
chilli, bhendi, potato, sweet potato, onion, garlic, crucifers- cabbage and
cauliflower, cucurbits- melons and gourds, leguminous and leafy
vegetables, rose, jasmine, chrysanthemum, marigold, tuberose, gladiolus,
carnation, gerbera, black pepper, ginger, turmeric, cardamom, curry
leaves, coriander and tree spices. Important storage insect-pests of
vegetable and spice crops, their host range, bio-ecology, injury and
integrated management. Insect – pests of processed vegetables and
spice crops, their host range, bio-ecology, injury and integrated
management. Insecticidal residue problems in vegetables and spice crops,
MRL, PHI etc.
Practical
Collection and preservation of damaging stages on different vegetable,
ornamental and spice crops. Study of symptoms, damage, collection,
identification, preservation, assessment of damage/population of important
insect-pests affecting vegetable, ornamental and spice crops in field and
during storage. Application of IPM components in various crops. Studies
on pesticide resides, their MRL and PHI. Visit to Vegetable, Ornamental
and spice crop fields.
ENT 302 Pests of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal and 3(2+1)
Aromatic Crops
Theory
Bio-ecology and management of insect and mite pests in fruit, plantation,
medicinal and aromatic crops; Pest surveillance. Distribution, host range,
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bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of important insect and mite

pests affecting tropical, sub-tropical and temperate fruits, plantation,
medicinal and aromatic crops like mango, guava, grapes, banana, citrus,
sapota, pomegranate, ber, pineapple, papaya, jamun, fig, custard apple,
apple, jack, coconut, areca nut, oil palm, cashew, cacao, tea, coffee,
betelvine, rubber, cinchona, ashwaghanda, senna, neem, pyrethrum, costus,
mint, Solanumsp, lemongrass, patchouli. Storage insects – distribution,
host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of important insect
pests attacking stored fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops
and their processed products. Insecticide residue problems in fruits,
plantation, medicinal, and aromatic crops and their maximum residue
limits (MRLs).
Practical
Study of symptoms of damage, collection, identification, preservation,
assessment of damage and population of important insect – pests affecting
fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops in field and storage.
Installation of pest monitoring devices and decision making in various
crops. Studies on pesticide resides, their MRL and PHI. Visit to Fruit
orchards, plantations crops and medicinal and aromatic crops. Collection
and identification of damaging stages and adult insects.
VII. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY

Sl.# Course # Course Title Credit hours
1 PAT 102 Fundamentals of Plant Pathology 3 (2+1)
2 PAT 201 Diseases of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal 3 (2+1)
and Aromatic Crops
3 PAT 301 Diseases of Vegetable, Ornamental 3 (2+1)
and Spice Crops
Total 9(6+3)
PAT 102 Fundamentals of Plant Pathology 3(2+1)

Theory
Introduction to the science of phytopathology, its objectives, scope and
historical background. Classification of plant diseases, symptoms, signs,
and related terminology. Parasitic causes of plant diseases (fungi, bacteria,
viruses, phytoplasma, nematodes, protozoa, algae and flowering parasitic
plants), their characteristics and classification. Non-parasitic causes of
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plant diseases. Infection process. Survival and dispersal of plant

pathogens. Role of enzymes and toxins in disease development, Plant
disease epidemiology, forecasting and disease assessment. Principles
and methods of plant disease management. Integrated plant disease
management. Fungicides classification based on chemical nature,
Commonly used fungicides, bactericides and nematicides.
Practical
Familiarity with general plant pathological laboratory and field equipments.
Study of disease symptoms and signs and host parasite relationship.
Identification and isolation of plant pathogens. Koch’s postulates.
Preparation of fungicidal solutions, slurries, pastes and their applications.
PAT 201 Diseases of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal 3(2+1)

and Aromatic Crops
Theory
Etiology, symptoms, mode of spread, epidemiology and integrated
management of the diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic
crops viz mango, banana, grape, citrus, guava, sapota, papaya, jack fruit,
pineapple, pomegranate, ber, apple, pear, peach, fig, custurd apple, plum,
strawberry, areca nut, coconut, oil palm, coffee, tea, cocoa, cashew,
rubber, betel vine senna, neem, hemp, costus, datura, dioscorea, mint,
opium, pachouli, citronella, davana, ocimum, sandal and Solanumviarum.
Important post-harvest diseases of fruit, plantation and medicinal and
aromatic crops and their management.
Practical
Observations of disease symptoms, identification of casual organisms
and host parasite relationship of important diseases. Examination of
scrapings and cultures of important pathogens of fruits, plantation,
medicinal and aromatic crops .Field visit for acquaintance with diseases.
PAT 301 Diseases of Vegetable, Ornamental and 3(2+1)

Spice Crops
Theory
Etiology, symptoms, mode of spread, epidemiology and integrated
management of diseases of the following vegetables, ornamental and
spice crops: tomato, brinjal, chilli, bhindi, cabbage, cauliflower, radish,
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knol-khol, pea, beans, beet root, onion, garlic, fenugreek, ginger, potato,
cucurbits, sweet potato, carrot, turmeric, pepper, cumin, cardamom,
nutmeg, coriander, clove, cinnamon, jasmine, rose, crossandra, tuberose,
gerbera, anthurium, geranium, marigold, chrysanthemum, carnation,
gladiolus, vanilla. Important post-harvest diseases of vegetables and
ornamental crops and their management.
Practical
Observations of symptoms, causal organisms and host parasitic
relationship of important diseases, examination of cultures of important
pathogens of vegetables, ornamental and spice crops in field as well as
in protected cultivation.
VIII. DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND CROP
IMPROVEMENT
Sl.# Course # Course Title CreditHours
1 BCH 101 Elementary Plant Biochemistry 2(1+1)
2 CPH 101 Introductory Crop Physiology 2(1+1)
3 CPH 102 Growth and Development of 2(1+1)
Horticulture Crops
4 GPB102 Principles of Genetics and Cytogenetics 3(2+1)
5 GPB 201 Principles and Methods of Plant Breeding 3(2+1)
6 PBT 202 Introduction to Plant Biotechnology 2(1+1)
7 SST 202 Principles of Seed Production in 2(1+1)
Horticulture Crops
Total 16 (9+7)
BCH 101 Elementary Plant Biochemistry 2(1+1)

Introduction, Brief History, Scope of Biochemistry in Horticulture,
Biomolecule-Carbohydrates- Definition, classification and structure, physical
and chemical properties of carbohydrates, isomerism, optical activity, reducing
property, reaction with acids and alkalis, ozone formation, Plant cell wall
carbohydrates and their importance. Lipids-classification, fatty acids and
triglycerides, essential fatty acids. Physical and chemical properties of lipids
- their solubility, melting point, taste, rancidity, Saponofication, Iodine no,
Acid no, RM no. Phospholipids - types and importance. Plant pigments –
structure and function of chlorophyll and carotenoids, sterols, basic structure,
role of brassino sterols in plants. Amino acids – classification and structure,
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essential amino acids, properties of amino acids -Solubility, melting point,

optical properties, zwitter ion, Ampholites, Isoelectric pH colour reactions,
amphoteric nature and isomerism; Proteins – Classification based on function,
nutrition and composition. Functions of Proteins, structure of proteins –
primary, secondary tertiary and quaternary properties structures. Nucleic
acids – Types, structure and function. Enzymes: Definition, chemical nature
and properties, Classification. Models of enzyme-substrate interaction: Lock
and Key model and Induce fit model; factors affecting enzyme action, co-
factors and coenzymes. Metabolism-Basic concept, differentiation of
anabolism and catabolism. Carbohydrate metabolism – glycolysis and TCA-
cycle; metabolism of lipids - fatty acid oxidation, biosynthesis of fatty acids;
general reactions of Amino acids. Bioenergetics-laws of thermodynamics,
entropy, enthalpy, Free energy-Definition only. High energy compounds-
ATP-structure. Biological oxidation, Substrate level phosphorylation,
bioenergetics of glucose and fatty acids oxidation.
Practical:
Introduction. Buffers, Concept of pH, Solutions- types Standard, Per cent,
Normal, Molar, molal, Buffers. Preparation of standard solutions and reagents;
Carbohydrates: Qualitative reactions determination with glucose, fructose,
maltose, sucrose, lactose and starch as examples; Estimation of starch;
Estimation of reducing and total sugars from fruits; Amino acids: Qualitative
determination. Amino acids; Proteins: Estimation of proteins by Lowry’s
method and Biuret method; Fatty acids: Estimation of free fatty acids;
Determination of iodine number of vegetable oils: Estimation of Ascorbic
acid; Estimation of Phenol; Techniques: Paper chromatography, Thin layer
chromatography- separation of plant pigments, separation of amino acids:
pigments extracted from flowers, Demonstrations: Extraction of oil from oil
seeds; Enzymes: Enzyme assay-a-amylase, invertase, acid phosphatase.
Enzyme Immobilization.
CPH 101 Introductory Crop Physiology 2(1+1)

Theory
Water Relations in Plants: Role of water in plant metabolism, osmosis,
imbibition, diffusion, water potential and its components, measurement
of water potential in plants, absorption of water, mechanism of absorption
and ascent of sap. Stomata: Structure, distribution, classification,
mechanism of opening and closing of stomata. Osmotic pressure,
guttation, stem bleeding; Transpiration: Transpiration methods and
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mechanism and factors affecting transpiration. Drought: Different types

of stresses; water, heat and cold tolerance; mechanism of tolerance.
Plant Nutrition: Essentiality, mechanism of absorption and its role in plant
metabolism. Biological Nitrogen Fixation. Photosynthesis: Structure and
function of chloroplast, dark and light reactions, cyclic and non-cyclic
electron transfer, photo-phosphorylation, CO2 fixation – C3, C4 and CAM
metabolism, advantages of C4 pathway. Photorespiration and its
implications, factors affecting photosynthesis. Mode of herbicide action,
Secondary metabolites and plant defense.
Practical
Measurement of water potential, osmosis, and root pressure, structure
of the stomata, distribution, opening and closing of the stomata,
measurement, transpiration and calculation of transpirational pull and
demonstration. Importance of light and chlorophyll in photosynthesis,
pigment identification in horticultural crops, measurement of relative
water content (RWC), studying plant movements.
CPH 102 Growth and Development of 2(1+1)

Horticulture Crops
Theory
Growth and development: Definitions, components, photosynthetic
productivity, Canopy photosynthesis and productivity, leaf area index
(LAI): Optimum LAI in horticultural crops, canopy development;
different stages of growth, growth curves, Crop development and
dynamics (Case studies of annual/perennial horticultural crops), growth
analysis in horticultural crops. Plant bio-regulators: auxin, gibberellin,
cytokinin, ethylene inhibitors and retardants, basic functions, biosynthesis,
role in crop growth and development, propagation, flowering, fruit setting,
fruit thinning, fruit development, fruit drop, and fruit ripening. Flowering:
Factors affecting flowering, physiology of flowering, photoperiodism -
long day, short day and day neutral plants, vernalisation and its application
in horticulture, pruning and training- physiological basis of training and
pruning, source and sink relationship, translocation of assimilates.
Physiology of seed development and maturation, seed dormancy and
bud dormancy, causes and breaking methods in horticultural crops.
Physiology of fruit growth and development, fruit setting, factors affecting
fruit set and development, physiology of ripening of fruits-climatic and
non-climacteric fruits. Physiology of fruits under post-harvest storage.
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Practical
Estimation of photosynthetic potential of horticultural crops, leaf area
index, growth analysis parameters including harvest index, bioassay of
plant hormones, identification of synthetic plant hormones and growth
retardants, preparations of hormonal solution and induction of rooting in
cuttings, ripening of fruits and control of flower and fruit drop. Important
physiological disorders and their remedial measures in fruits and
vegetables, seed dormancy, seed germination and breaking seed
dormancy with chemicals and growth regulators.
GPB 102 Principles of Genetics and Cytogenetics 3(2+1)

Theory
Historical background of genetics, theories and hypothesis. Cell and cell
organelles, cell division; mitosis, meiosis and its significance.
Gametogenesis, syngamy and reproduction in plants, Physical basis of
heredity; chromosome structure, function, Chromosome theory of
inheritance Chromosomal aberrations, changes in chromosome structure
and number and their evolutionary consequences with examples from
plants and animals.
Mendelian Genetics: Mendel’s principles of heredity, deviation from
Mendelian inheritance. Modification of monohybrid and dihybrid ratios:
Linkage and crossing over, Pleiotropy, threshold characters, penetrance
and expressivity, Gene interaction, Multiple alleles, Quantitative
inheritance. Sex linked inheritance and characters, sex determination.
Non-Mendelian inheritance: Cytoplasmic inheritance and maternal
effects. Mutations and their classification. Chemical basis of heredity:
structure of DNA and its replication. Evidence to prove DNA and RNA
– as genetic material, their structure, function, genetic code. Concept of
central dogma: DNA Replication, transcription, translation. Gene
regulation (Lac operon).
Practical
Study of Microscopes, preparation of fixatives and stains. Mitosis and
meiosis slide preperation, demonstrations of permanent slides and cell
division. Illustration in plant cells, pollen fertility and viability, determination
of gametes, Exercises on monohybrid, dihybrid, and test cross ratios,
chi-square test, gene interactions, estimation of linkages using three point
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test cross from F2 data and construction of linkage maps. Multiple alleles,
Sex linkage, polygenic inheritance.
GPB 201 Principles and Methods of Plant Breeding 3(2+1)
Theory
Plant breeding as a dynamic science, Genetic basis of Plant Breeding –
Classical, Quantitative and Molecular Breeding. Plant Breeding in India
– History, Land marks, major achievements, Scope and limitations.
Implications of reproductive systems on population structure. Modes of
reproduction: Sexual reproduction ; Cross and Self-pollination, Asexual
reproduction and Apomixis. Pollination control mechanism ; Self
incompatibility and Male sterility. Emasculation, Pollination techniques
in important horticultural crops. Centers of Origin of crop Plants. Plant
Genetic Resources, Domestication of Crop Plants. Plant Introduction.
Breeding methods in Self, Cross and Clonal crops; Selection and
Hybridization Development & Evaluation of Inbreds–Simple crosses,
Bulk crosses and Complex crosses. Quantitative Genetics models.
Heterosis – concepts, estimation and its genetic basis. Calculation of
heterosis, GCA, SCA, inbreeding depression, Population Improvement
approaches, Marker assisted selection. General and special breeding
techniques; Mutation breeding, Polyploidy Breeding and Interspecific
hybridization by tissue culture techniques. Breeding for resistance of
biotic and abiotic stresses. Genetic components of Polygenic variation
and Breeding strategies, Hardy Weinberg law and its factors. Varietal
release, IPR, Plant breeders rights, farmers rights and community rights.
Crop Research Institutes.
Practical
Breeding objectives and techniques in important horticultural crops.
Breeders kit. Floral biology, emasculation, crossing and selfing techniques
in major crops. Determination of mode of reproduction in crop plants,
Pollen viability and pollen germination studies. Field layout, and
maintenance of experimental records in self and cross pollinated crops.
Demonstration of hybrid variation and production techniques. Mutation
and polyploidy breeding. Hardy Weinberg Law and calculation, Male
sterility and Self incompatibility studies in horticultural crops calculation
of inbreeding depression, heterosis, heterobeltosis, Assessment of
superiority of genotypes by ANOVA, Variability estimates : GCV, PCV,
GA, heritability.
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PBT 202 Introduction to Plant Biotechnology 2(1+1)

Theory
Concepts of Plant Biotechnology: History of Plant Tissue Culture and
Plant Genetic Engineering, Scope and importance in Crop Improvement.
Totipotency and Morphogenesis. Nutritional requirements of in-vitro
cultures. Techniques of In-vitro cultures: Micropropagation, Anther
culture, Pollen culture, Ovule culture, Embryo culture, Test tube
fertilization, Endosperm culture, Factors affecting in-vitro culture,
Applications and Achievements. Somaclonal variation: Types and
Reasons. Somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seed production
technology. Protoplast isolation, Culture, Manipulation and Fusion,
Products of somatic hybrids and cybrids, Applications in crop
improvement. Callus and suspension culture, in vitro secondary
metabolites production. Genetic engineering: Restriction enzymes, Vectors
for gene transfer, Gene cloning: Direct and indirect method of gene
transfer, Transgenic plants and their applications. Genome editing and
its applications; Blotting techniques, DNA fingerprinting: DNA based
markers – RFLP, AFLP, RAPD, SSR, SNP and DNA Probes, Mapping
QTL – Future prospects. Introduction to MAS, and their application in
crop improvement. Nano-biotechnology Definition and scope.
Practical
Requirements for Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory. Sterilization
techniques. Inoculation of various explants, Media components and
preparations. Techniques in Plant Tissue Culture: Aseptic manipulation
of various explants, Callus induction and Plant Regeneration, Micro
propagation of important crops. Anther, Embryo and Endosperm culture.
Hardening / Acclimatization of regenerated plants. Isolation of protoplast,
Demonstration of Culturing of protoplast. Isolation of DNA;
Demonstration of gel-electrophoresis techniques, Demonstration of PCR,
Demonstration of Gene transfer techniques: direct methods, indirect
methods. Demonstration of Confirmation of Genetic transformation,
SST 202 Principles of Seed Production in 2(1+1)

Horticulture Crops
Theory
Introduction, seed and its importance, difference between seed and grain,
role of seed technology. Concept of seed quality and factors affecting to
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it. History and development of seed industry, new seed policy, National
seed projects, classes of seeds, generation system of seed multiplication
and agency involved in production and certification. General principles
and methods of seed production in self and cross pollinated varieties and
hybrids of horticultural crops. Harvest and post harvest technology-
principles of seed processing. Principles and methods of seed drying.
Seed certification – purpose and phases of seed certification, field
inspection and its importance, field and seed standards. Duties and
responsibilities of seed inspector and seed analyst, Seed storage- principles
and methods, factors affecting the storage of certified, foundation, breeder
seeds and germplasm seeds. Seed deterioration- factors affecting seed
deterioration and its control. Seed act and rules, important sections and
rules. Seed control order.
Practical
Identification of seeds and varieties of important horticulture crops. Seed
structure of dicot and monocot. Seed sampling and testing equipments.
Testing of moisture, physical purity, germination, seedling evaluation and
reporting the results. Viability test, vigour test, seed dormancy and
breaking methods, Grow-out test, seed health test. Hybridization
techniques-Emasculation and pollination. Field inspection- Identification
of rogue and off types. Seed cleaning, seed treatment and seed packaging.
Visit to the certified seed production plots, processing unit, storage unit,
KSSC, KSSOCA, STL and private seed company.
IX. DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Sl.# Course# Course Title Credit Hour
a. SOIL SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURE CHEMISTRY
1 SAC 101 Fundamentals of Soil Science 2(1+1)
2 SAC 201 Soil, Water and Plant Analysis 2(1+1)
3 SAC 302 Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management 2(1+1)
Total 6(3+3)
b. AGRONOMY
1. AGR 201 Water Management in Horticulture Crops 2(1+1)
2. AGR 202 Agro-meteorology and Climate Change 2(1+1)
3. AGR 301 Major Field Crops 2(1+1)
4. AGR 302 Organic Farming 2(1+1)
Total 9(4+5)
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5. AGR 303 Weed Management in Horticulture Crops 1 (0+1)

c. AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY
1 AMB 101 Fundamentals of Microbiology 2(1+1)
2 AMB 202 Soil and Applied Microbiology 2(1+1)
Total 4(2+2)
d. FORESTRY
1 FOR 302 Introductory Agro-forestry 2(1+1)
e. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
1. ENS 202 Environmental Studies and 2 (2+0)
Disaster Management
f. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
1 AEG 102 Surveying, Soil and Water Conservation 1(0+1)
2 AEG 202 Farm Power and Machinery 2(1+1)
Total 3(1+2)
Total 26 (13+13)
a. SOIL SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY

SAC 101 Fundamentals of Soil Science 2(1+1)
Theory
Composition of earth’s crust; Soil as a natural body – major components;
Rock & Minerals classification; Weathering of rocks and minerals; Soil
Forming factors; Soil forming processes- fundamental and specific; Soil
profiles and descriptive master horizons; Soil density particle density,
bulk density, relation between BD (bulk density) PD (particle density)
and factors influencing; Soil texture-stock’s law; Soil structure; Soil
consistency, Soil plasticity, Atterberg’s constants; Soil Porosity, Soil
compaction and Soil crusts; Soil colour; Soil air; Soil temperature; Soil
colloids - organic, inorganic, amorphous clays; Ion exchange; Soil water
forms and classification, soil moisture constants, energy concepts, PF
scale soil moisture measurements, soil water movement –hydraulic
conductivity of soil; Soil survey, Remote sensing and GIS their
interpretation; Soil orders; Soils of Karnataka and India; Land capability
classification
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Practical
Study of rocks and minerals; Estimation of pH and EC; Determination
of BD and Particle density; Textural analysis of soil by Feel method,
Robinson’s pipette and hydrometer methods. Use of Keen’s cup for
determination of soil physical properties; Description of soil profile;
Determination of soil temperature; Determination of Soil colour using
Munsell Chart. Determination of Soil temperature; Determination of
soil moisture by gravimetric method; Determination of hydraulic
conductivity; Determination of CEC; Aggregate size distribution analysis
of soil; Use of aerial photography and satellite images
SAC 201 Soil, Water and Plant Analysis 2(1+1)

Theory
Methods of soil, plant and irrigation water sampling and processing for
analysis; Soil analytical methods for estimation of pH, EC, Organic
Carbon, Primary (Available N, P& K), Secondary (Ca, Mg & S) and
Micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu &Mn) ; Leaf analytical methods for estimation
of Primary (N, P& K), Secondary(Ca, Mg & S) and micronutrients (Fe,
Zn, Cu &Mn); Soil test interpretation; Index tissue, interpretation of leaf
analysis values- concept of nutrient concentration and uptake; Rapid
tissue tests for plant; Quality of irrigation water- estimation of pH, EC,
SAR and RSC; Working principles of pH meter, Conductivity bridge,
Spectrophotometer, Flame photometer and Atomic absorption
spectrophotometer. Radio tracer techniques in plant nutrient studIES;
Practical
Introduction to analytical chemistry, Collection and preparation of soil,
water and plant samples for analysis. Determination of pH, electrical
conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio and exchangeable sodium
percentage of soils. Estimation of available macro and micronutrient
elements in soils, Determination of pH, EC, Chloride, Carbonates and
bicarbonates Calcium, Magnesium and Sodium in soil and irrigation
water. Determination of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and micronutrients in plant
samples.
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SAC 302 Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management 2(1+1)

Theory
Introduction to soil fertility and productivity- factors affecting; Essential
plant nutrient elements- functions, deficiency systems, transformations
(N, P, K & S) in soil and availability; Problematic Soils- Acid, calcareous,
salt affected soils and waterlogged soils– characteristics and
management; Soil organic matter, humus formation, Importance of C:N
ratio; Soil reaction and plant nutrition; Soil buffering capacity- Q-I
relationships; Integrated plant nutrient management; Soil fertility
evaluation methods; Critical limits of plant nutrient elements- deficiency,
hidden hunger, optimum concentration, luxury consumption and toxicity
and their remedies; Nutrient interactions; Fertilizers- classifications-
straight, complex, mixed; Secondary and micronutrient fertilizer;
Manufacturing processes and properties of commonly used fertilizers
(Urea, DAP, SSP, MOP and SOP) and application methods; Fertilizer
control order; Bio fertilizer; Organic Manures classification and
importance; Nutrient use efficiency and management; Soil test crop
response and targeted yield concept.
Practical
Analysis of soil for organic matter, available N,P, K Gypsum requirement
of alkali soils. Lime requirement of acid soils. Sampling of organic manure
and fertilizer for chemical analysis.Physical properties of organic manure
and fertilizers. Total nitrogen in urea and farmyard manure. Estimation
of ammonical nitrate nitrogen in N fertilizer. Estimation of water soluble
P2O5, Ca and S in SSP, Lime and Gypsum. Estimation of Potassium in
MOP/SOP and Zinc in zinc sulphate. Visiting of fertilizer testing
laboratory.
b. AGRONOMY
AGR 201 Water Management in Horticulture Crops 2(1+1)
Theory
Importance of water and water management in Horticulture, water
resources in India definition of irrigation. Area of different crops under
irrigation, function of water for plant growth, effect of moisture stress
on crop growth. Soil-water-plant-atmosphere continuum, consumptive
use of water, Available and unavailable soil moisture – distribution of soil
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moisture – water budgeting – rooting characteristics – moisture extraction

pattern. Water requirement of horticultural crops – lysimeter studies –
Plant water potential, climatological approach – use of pan evaporimeter
– critical stages of crop growth for irrigation. Irrigation scheduling –
different approaches – methods of irrigation – surface and sub-surface
drip irrigation, sprinkler and drip irrigation, their suitability, merits and
limitations, fertigation / nutrigation, economic use of irrigation water.
irrigation management practices for different soils and crops. Layout of
different irrigation systems, drip, sprinkler. Layout of underground pipeline
system. Ill effects of poor Water management, suitability of soil for
irrigation .Importance of quality of irrigation water.
Practical
Estimation of soil moisture constants and soil moisture by different
methods and instruments, Measurements of irrigation water by using
water measuring devices, use of common formula in irrigation water
calculation, layout for different methods of irrigation. scheduling of
irrigation, different approaches, practicing use of instruments, estimation
of irrigation efficiency and water requirements of horticultural crops,
irrigation planning and scheduling, soil moisture conservation practices.
AGR 202 Agro-meteorology and Climate Change 2(1+1)

Theory
Agricultural Meteorology- Introduction, definition of meteorology, scope
and practical utility of Agricultural meteorology. Composition and structure
of atmosphere and definition of weather and climate, aspects involved in
weather and climate, atmospheric temperature, soil temperature, solar
radiation, atmospheric pressure, atmospheric humidity, evaporation and
transpiration, monsoons, rainfall, clouds, drought, weather, atmospheric
pollution and role of meteorology. Weather forecasting.
Climate change-causes. Global warming-causes. IPCC and Keyto
protocol and Effect of climate change on important horticulture crops;
Past and future changes in greenhouse gases within the atmosphere.
Sources and sinks for greenhouse gases. Plants sense and response to
changes in Co2 concentration. Measurement of mechanisms underlying
the observed responses in C3 and C4 species. plant development affected
by elevated Co2. Physiology of raising Co2 on nitrogen use and soil fertility,
its implication for production. Methodology for studying effect of Co2.The
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mechanisms of ozone and UV damage and tolerance in plants. Increased

temperature and plants in tropical/sub-tropical climates- effect on
growing season, timing of flowering, duration of fruit development and
impacts on crop yields and potential species ranges, interaction of
temperature with other abiotic/biotic stress. Mitigation strategies under
abiotic stress.
Practical
Site selection for Agromet observatory; Measurement of temperature;
Measurement of rainfall; Measurement of evaporation (atmospheric/
soil); Measurement of atmospheric pressure; Measurement of sunshine
duration and solar radiation; Study of weather forecasting and synoptic
charts. Visit to Meteorological observatory, Visit to IMD meteorological
observatory-Lay out plan of standard meteorological observatory.
Measurement of carbon dioxide levels in atmosphere and soil. Recording
of air and soil temperature. Measurement of radiation and components,
Measurement of rainfall-different types of rain gauges, Measurement
of wind speed and direction and atmospheric humidity, Recording of
evaporation. Synoptic charts and weather reports, symbols, etc
AGR 301 Major Field Crops 2(1+1)

Theory
Classification and distribution of field crops, cultural practices for raising
major cereals (rice, wheat, maize, sorghum and ragi), pulses (redgram,
bengalgram, greengram and blackgram), oil seeds (groundnut, sunflower,
safflower, soyabean and sesamum), commercial crops (sugarcane, cotton
and tobacco) and fodder crops (Napiergrass and lucern), green manuring
crop (sunhemp, Glyricidia and dhaincha). Disease and Pest of important
field crops.
Practical
Recent area, production and productivity of major field crops, Botany
and description of crops; Identification of crop plants and seeds.
Calculation of seed rate and optimum plant Population, Calculation of
fertilizer requirement, Analysis of quality parameters of sugarcane, Study
of quality parametres of cotton, Study of quality parametres of Tobacco,
Establishment and maintenance of crop cafeteria. Calculation of Cost
of cultivation. Visit to Tobacco research station, Visit to
Khadigramodyoga, Visit to Sugar Industry and Jaggery Unit.
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AGR 302 Organic Farming 2(1+1)

Theory
Introduction, concept, relevance in present context; Organic production
requirements; Biological intensive nutrient management-organic manures,
Composting, vermicomposting, insitu vermicomposting, Liquid organic
manures-BDLM, Panchagavya, Jeevamrutha, Beejamrutha, vermiwash,
vermicompost tea, compost tea etc., green manuring, recycling of organic
residues, Biofertilizer; Soil improvement and amendments; Integrated
diseases and pest management – use of Biocontrol agents, Biopesticides
pheromones, trap crops, bird perches; Weed management- biological
and physical methods; Quality considerations, certification, labeling and
accreditation procedures, marketing, exports.
Practical
Preparation of panchagavya, Jeevamrutha, Beejamrutha, chilli, Onion
and Garlic extract, Preparation of Tobacco, Neem, Papaya, Lantana
and custard leaf extract etc., Preparation of NSKE. Analysis of Nutrient
composition in organic manures. Raising of vegetable(Horticulture) crops
organically through nutrient, diseases and pest management;
vermicomposting; vegetable and ornamental nursery raising; macro quality
analysis, grading, packaging, postharvest management. Visit to organic
farming farms. Visit to dairy, Sheep, Goat and poultry units to study
resource allocation. Visit to Neem cake production units.
AGR 303 Weed Management in Horticulture Crops 1(0+1)

Practical
Identification of weeds; Survey of weeds in crop fields and other habitats;
Preparation of herbarium of weeds; Calculations on weed control
efficiency and weed index; Herbicide label information; Computation of
herbicide doses; Study of herbicide application equipment and calibration;
Demonstration of methods of herbicide application; Preparation of list
of commonly available herbicides; Study of phytotoxicity symptoms of
herbicides in different crops; Biology of nut sedge, bermuda grass,
parthenium, cuscuta, Orobenchae, Loranthus and celosia; Economics
of weed control practices; Tours and visits to problematic areas.
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c. AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY
AMB 101 Fundamentals of Microbiology 2(1+1)
History and scope of Microbiology: the discovery of microorganisms,
spontaneous generation conflict. Germ theory of diseases. Development
of microbiology in India. Different groups of microorganims and their
characteristics. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Prokaryotic cell structure
and function. Microscopy: basics of microscopy- numerical aperture,
resolving power, types of microscopes, Bright field microscopy, specimen
preparation, dyes and stains, simple staining, differential staining, gram
staining. Microbial growth media: types of culture media. Growth of
bacteria, fungi and their growth measurements.Microbial growth curve.
Sterilization techniques: physical and chemical. Pure-culture techniques,
isolation or preparation of pure cultures and preservation of microbial
cultures. Viruses: their general characteristics and brief description of
bacteriophages. Industrial applications of microorganisms. Mushrooms:
edible and poisonous types, nutritive values, culturing and production
technique of oyster and button mushrooms.
Practical
Sterilization techniques. Preparation of microbial culture media.
Examination of natural samples for microorganisms. Isolation of bacteria,
fungi and yeasts. Serial dilution plate count techniques. Isolation of
bacteriphages (plaque forming units). Preparation of culture broths, agar
slants. Pure-culture techniques. Turbidometric estimation of microbial
growth. Mushroom culture: spawn production, culture and production
techniques, harvesting, packing and storage techniques.
AMB 202 Soil and Applied Microbiology 2(1+1)

Theory
Soil environments and microbial dynamics. Factors affecting microbial
activities in soils and different environments. Microbes in minerals /
elemental transformations: Carbon cycle, organic matter decomposition
and humus formation. Nitrogen cycle: Biological nitrogen fixation:
symbiotic, asymbiotic& associative N2-fixation, different kinds of
symbiotic nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification,
Factors affecting ammonification & Nitrification. Phosphorus
Transformation: Mineralization, Mineral phosphate solubilization,
Mechanisms of Phosphate solubilization by microorganisms. Mycorrhizae:
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Ecto- & Endo-Mycorrhizae and their symbiosis with crop plants and
forest crops, mobilization of Phosphorus by mycorrhizae. Microbial
interactions: commensalism, ammensalism, synergism, symbiosis,
predation, parasitism, microbial succession etc. Rhizosphere concept &
R:S Ratio. Phyllosphere and Spermosphere.Soil enzymes and their role
in soil fertility. Role of microorganisms in waste disposal and composting,
different methods of composting farm wastes. Application of
microorganisms in industries: Biofertilizers and Biopesticides. Microbial
fermented products of fruits and vegetables.
Practical
Isolation and enumeration of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes using
serial dilution technique.Isolation and enumeration of free living N2 fixing
microorganisms from soil. Isolation of Rhizobium from root nodules of
legumes (symbiotic N2 fixing Microorganisms).Isolation of associative
nitrogen fixing microorganisms (Azospiriullum) from roots of crop plants.
Isolation and enumeration of phosphate solublizing microorganisms from
soil. Isolation and study VA Mycorrhiza spores from soil and study of
VAM root colonization. Isolation and enumeration of microorganisms
from rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil and calculation of R:S ratio.
Study of phyllosphere and spermosphere microorganisms. Isolation of
cellulose decomposing microorganisms by enrichment technique.Study
of soil microorganisms by buried-slide technique. Isolation and blue green
algae from soil. Assessment of microbial activity in soil by dehydrogenase
activity. Microbial interactions- antibiosis, Study of organic matter
decomposition and CO2 evolution. Study of ammonification, nitrification
and denitrification in soil. Production of microbial fermented products
from fruits and vegetables: sauerkraut.
d. FORESTRY
FOR 302 I ntroductory Agro-forestry 2(1+1)
Theory
Agroforestry – definition, objectives and potential. Distinction between
agroforestry and social forestry.Status of Indian forests and role in India
farming systems. Agroforestry system, sub-system and practice: agri-
silviculture, silvipastoral, horti-silviculture, horti-silvipastoral, shifting
cultivation, taungya, home gardens, alley cropping, intercropping, wind
breaks, shelterbelts and energy plantations. Planning for agroforestry –
constraints, diagnosis and design methodology, selection of tree crop
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species for agro-forestry. Agroforestry projects – national, overseas,

MPTS – their management practices, economics of cultivation – nursery
and planting (Acacia catechu, Dalbergiasissoo, Tectona, Populus,
Morus, Grewia, Eucalyptus, Quercus spp. and bamboo, tamarind,
neem etc.).
Practical
Identification and seeds and seedlings of multipurpose tree species.
Nursery practices for poplar, Grewiaoptiva, Morusalba, Acacia
catechu, Dalbergiasissoo, robinia, leucaena etc. Visit to agro-forestry
fields to study the compatibility of MPTS with agricultural crops:
silvipastoral, alley cropping, horti-silviculture, agro-silvipasture, fuel and
fodder blocks. Visit to social forestry plantations – railway line plantations,
canal plantations, roadside plantations, industrial plantations and
shelterbelts. Rapid assessment of farmers needs for green manure,
fodder, fuel wood in selected villages. Economics and marketing of
products raised in agro-forestry systems.
e. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
ENS 202 Environmental Studies and Disaster 2(2+0)
Management
Theory
Environment - Definition, scope and importance; Different natural
resources: classification – forest, water, mineral, food, energy and land
resources; utilities, problems of over exploitation, associated damages
and conservation measures for the above resources; Ecosystems –
Concept, Structure and functions, components-Producers, consumers
and decomposers; Energy flow; Ecological succession; Concepts of
Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids; Salient features of
different ecosystems – forest, grassland, desert, aquatic ecosystems;
Biodiversity – Introduction, definition, genetic, species & ecosystem
diversity; different aspects, values and conservation of biodiversity;
National and global biodiversity hotspots; values of biodiversity-
consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option
values. Threats to biodiversity; habitat loss, wildlife poaching, man-wildlife
conflicts; endangered and endemic species; In-situ and Ex-situ
conservation measures. Environmental Pollution: Different types and
definitions; causes, effects and preventive control measures of air, water,
soil and nuclear pollution; Solid Waste Management: causes, effects and
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control measures of urban and industrial wastes. Concept of sustainable

development issues; exploitation of water resources; Important
environmental acts/ policies relevant to conservation and protection,
Human Population and the Environment; Human Rights issues; Role of
IT in Environment protection;.Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature
of natural disasters, their types and effects. Floods, drought, cyclone,
earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions, heat and cold
waves, Man Made Disasters- Nuclear disasters, chemical disasters,
biological disasters, building fire, coal fire, forest fire, oil fire, Disaster
Management- strategies and concepts; National framework and financial
arrangements in disaster management; Effect to mitigate natural disaster
at national and global levels; Role of NGOs, community and governmental
organizations.
f. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
AEG 102 Surveying, Soil and Water Conservation 1(0+1)
Practical
Acquaintance with chain survey equipment; Ranging and measurement
of offsets; Chain triangulation; Cross staff survey; Plotting of chain
triangulation; Plotting of cross staff survey; Compass survey (surveyor’s
and prismatic compass) and Leveling equipment – dumpy level, leveling
staff, temporary adjustments and level staff reading; Differential leveling;
contours; Concept of watershed. soil and water conservation measures
in watershed. Layout of contour bund, water ways, farm pond etc.
Delineation of watershed and preparation of master plan.
AEG 202 Farm Power and Machinery 2(1+1)

Basic concepts of various forms of energy, unit and dimensions of force
energy and power, calculations with realistic examples. IC Engines:
Basic principles of operation of compression, ignition and spark ignition
engines, two stroke and four stroke engines, IC engine terminology,
Engine components, types of IC engine, tractor and there use,
classification and selection of tractor, power transmission system of
tractors, Tillage: objectives, method of ploughing. Primary tillage
implements: construction and function of indigenous ploughs, improved
indigenous ploughs, mould board ploughs, disc and rotary ploughs.
Secondary tillage implements: construction and function of cultivators,
harrows, levelers, ridger and bund formers. Sowing and transplanting
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equipment: seed drills, potato planters, seedling transplanter. Inter-culture

equipment: sweep. Junior hoe, weeders, long handle weeders. Crop
harvesting equipments: potato diggers, fruit pluckers, tapioca puller and
hoists.
Practical
Calculation on force, power and energy. IC engines – showing the
components of dismantled engines. Estimating the cost of tractor power.
Primary and secondary tillage implements, hitching, adjustments and
operations. Sowing equipment, calibration and operation. Calculation
of field capacity and field efficiency of different types of primary and
secondary tillage equipment.
X. DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND ALLIED SCIENCES

1 AEC 101 Economics and Marketing 2(1+1)
2 CSC 101 Information and Communication 1(0+1)
Technology
3 STS 101 Elementary Statistics 2(1+1)
4 ENG 101 Communication Skills and Personality 1(0+1)
Development
5 AEC 202 Horti-Farm and Financial Management 2 (1+1)
6 AEX 301 Fundamentals of Extension Education 2 (1+1)
7 AEX 302 Communication and Transfer of Technology 2(1+1)
8 AEC 302 Business Management and Entrepreneurship 2(2+0)
Development
9 AEX 303 Agripreneurship Development and 1(1+0)
Communication Skills
Total 15 (8+7)
AEC 101 Economics and Marketing 2(1+1)

Theory
Introduction to Economics: Nature and scope of economics; definition
and concepts; divisions of economics; economic systems; approaches
to the study of economics. Consumption (Theory of consumer
behavior): Goods - its classification; Wants -characteristics and
classification; utility and its measurement - cardinal and ordinal; Laws
of consumption: law of diminishing marginal utility, consumer equilibrium,
law of equi-marginal utility, consumer equilibrium; Indifference curves -
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its properties, consumer surplus. Theory of demand: Demand schedule,

function and curve; Individual & market demand; Factors influencing
demand; Types of demand; Law of demand , Elasticity of Demand -
degrees and Types (Price, income and cross elasticity), Engel's law of
family expenditure. Theory of firm: Factors of production -
Land and its characteristics, Labour and division of labour; theories of
population, Capital and its characteristics - classification and capital
formation, Enterprises - forms of business organization - merits and
demerits. Theory of supply: Supply - schedule, function and curve;
Law of supply; elasticity - degrees of elasticity. Market equilibrium.
Distribution - theories of rent, wage, interest and profit. Marketing
definition, Need for marketing, Classification of markets.
Practicals:
Law of diminishing marginal utility & Law of equi-marginal utility,
Indifference curve analysis-ordinal approach, Theory of Demand, Law
of Demand, Elasticity of demand, Supply-Law of supply, Elasticity of
supply, Consumer's surplus and Market equilibrium, Visit to markets.
CSC 101 Information and Communication Technology 1(0+1)

Practical
IT and its importance. IT tools, IT-enabled services and their impact on
society; computer fundamentals; hardware and software; input and output
devices; binary number system; features of machine language, assembly
language, high-level language and their advantages and disadvantages;
principles of programming- algorithms and flowcharts; Operating systems
(OS) - definition, basic concepts, introduction to WINDOWS and LINUX
Operating Systems; Local area network (LAN), Wide area
network(WAN), Internet and World Wide Web, HTML and IP;
Introduction to MS Office - Word, Excel, Power Point. Introduction to
multi-media and its application; video conferencing. Communication
process, Introduction to programming languages, Introduction to ‘C’
programming, Primary data types and user defined data types, variables,
Operators, Building and evaluating expressions, Standard library functions,
Managing input and output, Decision making, Branching, Looping, Arrays
and Staring function. Visual basic-concepts, ICT use in horticulture.
STS 101 Elementary Statistics 2(1+1)

Theory
Introduction to statistics, limitations of statistics. Basic concepts: Variable
statistics, types and sources of data, classification and tabulation of data,
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construction of frequency distribution, tables, graphic representation of

data, simple, multiple component and percentage, bar diagram, pie
diagram, histogram, frequency polygon and frequency curve average
and measures of location, mean, mode, median, geometric mean,
harmonic mean, percentiles and quadrilles, for raw and grouped data.
Dispersion: Range, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation
for raw and grouped data. Probability: Basic concept, additive and
multiplicative laws. Theoretical distributions, binominal, poison and normal
distributions, sampling, basic concepts, sampling vs. complete enumeration
parameter and statistic, sampling methods, simple random sampling and
stratified random sampling. Tests of Significance: Basic concepts, tests
for equality of means, and independent and paired t-tests, chi-square
test for application of attributes and test for goodness of fit of Mendalian
ratios. Correlation: Scatter diagram, correlation co-efficient and its
properties, regression, fitting of simple linear regression, test of
significance of correlation and regression coefficient.
Practical
Construction of frequency distribution table and its graphical
representation, histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve, bar chart,
simple, multiple, component and percentage bar charts, pie chart, mean,
mode for row and grouped data, percentiles, quadrille, and median for
row and grouped data, coefficient of variation, ‘t’ test for independent,
will equal and unequal variants, paired ‘t’ test, chi-square test for
contingency tables and theoretical ratios, correlation and linear regression.
ENG 101 Communication Skills and Personality 1(0+1)

Development
Practical
Structural Grammar: Introduction of Word Classes (eight parts of speech)
; Structure of Verb in English; Uses of Tenses; Study of Voice; Sentence
Patterns in English. Spoken English: Conversations of different situations
in everyday life; Reading and comprehension of general and technical
articles, Mechanics of writing, writing genres, five types of writing,
paragraph writing, précis writing, summarizing, abstracting; individual
and group presentations, impromptu presentation, public speaking; Group
discussion. Organizing seminars and conferences. Personality
Development: Social manners and etiquettes, positive (rigid) attitude,
report writing, letter writing (different formats and types of letters).
Spoken English: Conversations of everyday life, the concept of stress;
stress shift. Silent letters in words, basic intonation patterns, preparing
and address.
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AEC 202 Horti-Farm and Financial Management 2(1+1)

Theory
Farm management: Definition, nature, characteristics and scope; Process
of decision making; Types of farm Management decisions; Relationship
with other sciences; Production function - Types. Economic principles
applied to the organization of farm business - principles of variable
proportions - Determination of optimum input and optimum output Laws
of return - Law of constant returns - law of increasing returns-law of
decreasing return. Factor - product relationship - Law of Diminishing
returns - Three stages of production function - Characteristics - Elasticity
of Production. Cost principle curves and functions; cost of cultivation
and cost of production, break even analysis. Factor-factor relationship
(principle of factor substitution) Isoquants and their characteristics -
MRTS - Types of factor substitution. Product-product relationship
(principle of product substitution)product possibility curves - Marginal
rate of product substitution - Types of enterprise relationships - Joint
products -Complementary - Supplementary - Competitive and
Antagonistic products, Iso - revenue line and characteristics - Methods
of determining optimum combination of products - Expansion path -
Ridge lines. Law of Equi-marginal returns - Opportunity cost principle,
Principle of comparative advantage, Time value principle (discounting
& compounding). Economies of scale, Resource productivity, returns to
scale. Types of Farming, Farm planning and budgeting, Distinction
between risk and uncertainty, Agriculture Finance, Agriculture credit
and its classification, Sources of agriculture credit
Analysis of credit Proposal/ Economic Feasibility Tests/ Principles of
Credit Management (3R and 5Cs Test of Credit worthiness), Loan
Repayment Plans/ Methods of loan repayment. Evolution of banking
system in India or History of Financing Agriculture in India. Financial
Institutions: Cooperatives, Cooperative credit Structure, Commercial
banks; RRB's NABARD, Crop Loan System, Scale of Finance, Unit
Cost and Schemes for financing weaker sections, Crop Insurance.
Project management - project evaluation techniques (BCR, NPW, IRR).
WTO & Functions.
Practicals:
Principle of variable proportions, Principle of least cost combination of
inputs, Principle of enterprises combination, Principle of equi- marginal
returns (opportunity cost) and principle of comparative advantage,
Computation of different types of cost, Cost of Cultivation and Cost of
Production, Methods of computation Depreciation, Analysis of net-worth
statements, Farm inventory analysis, Preparation of farm plans,
Preparation of farm budgets, Project evaluation techniques, Preparation
of Bankable projects, Visit to financial institutions.
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AEX 301 Fundamentals of Extension Education 2(1+1)

Theory
Extension education: meaning, definition, nature, scope, objectives,
principles, approaches and history. Horticulture extension: process,
principles and selected programmes of leading national and international
forest institutes. People’s participation in Horticulture programmes.
Motivation of Farmers, rural youth and voluntary organizations for
Horticulture extension work Rural Development: meaning, definition,
objectives and genesis. Transfer of technology programmes like lab to
land programme (LLP) national demonstration (ND), front line
demonstration (FLD) Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK), Technology
Assessment and Refinement Programme (TARP) etc. of ICAR.
Communication: meaning, definition, elements and selected models.
Audio – visual aids: importance, classification and selection. Adoption
and diffusion process, Teaching and learning-concepts and principles,
Teaching steps, Programming planning process – meaning, scope,
principles and steps. Evaluation: meaning, importance and methods.
Scope and importance of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) & Rapid
Rural Appraisal (RRA). Management and administration: meaning,
definition, principles and functions. Concepts of human resource
development (HRD), rural leadership. ICT in Extension education, ICT
use in rural India.
Practical
Visits to study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes
of ICFRE institutes/ voluntary organizations/ Mahila Mandal, Village
Panchayat, State Dept. of Horticulture / All India Radio (AIR).Exercises
on distortion of message, script writing for farm broadcasts and telecasts,
planning, preparation & use of NPVA like poster, chart, flash cards,
folders etc. and AVA like OHP & 35 mm slide projector transparencies.
Identification of local leaders to study their role in extension work.
Evaluation of some selected case studies of forestry extension
programmes. Preparation of Village Agricultural productions plan.
AEX 302 Communication and Transfer of Technology 2(1+1)

Theory
Communication, Meaning, Definition, Models, Elements and Their
characteristics, types and barriers in communication. Information
Communication and Technology (ICT): Meaning, definition, Importance
of ICT in agriculture development, Major ICT initiatives of State and
Central Government in Karnataka. ICT use in rural India. Cyber
Extension : Meaning, definition , features, advantages and tools of Cyber
Extension. Extension teaching methods-meaning, definition, functions and
classification. Individual contact methods-farm and home visit, result
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demonstration, field trials-meaning, objectives, steps, merits and demerits.

Group contact methods-group discussion, method demonstration, field
trips-meaning, objectives, steps, merits and demerits. Small group
discussion techniques-lecture, symposium, panel, debate, forum, buzz
group, workshop, brain storming, seminar and conference. Mass contact
methods-campaign, exhibition, kisanmela, radio and television-meaning,
importance, steps, merits and demerits. Factors influencing the selection
of extension teaching methods and combination (media mix) of teaching
methods. Tele conferences, kisan call centers, consultancy clinics.
Horticultural Journalism-meaning, scope and importance, sources of news,
types, merits and limitations. Diffusion and Adoption of Innovations-
meaning, definition, models of adoption process, innovation- decision
process-elements, adopter categories and their characteristics, factors
influencing adoption process. Capacity Building of Extension Personnel
and Farmers-meaning, definition, types of training, training to farmers,
farm women and rural youth-FTC and KVK.
AEC 302 Business Management and Entrepreneurship 2(2+0)
Development
Theory
Entrepreneurship Development: Concept of entrepreneurship;
entrepreneurial and managerial characteristics; managing an enterprise;
motivation and entrepreneurship development; Managing competition;
entrepreneurship development programs; SWOT analysis, Generation,
incubation and commercialization of ideas and innovations. Export and
Import Policies relevant to horticulture sector.Venture capital. Contract
farming and joint ventures, public-private partnerships. Supply chain
management and total quality management. Characteristics of Indian
horticultural processing and export industry. Conducting market survey
to the demand for product. Preparing advertisements for popularization
of product. Globalization and the emerging business / entrepreneurial
environment.
Management: Definition and Meaning, Functions
1. Planning - meaning, steps, planning, types of plan, characteristics
of effective plans.
2. Organizing - meaning, process, Span of management
3. Staffing - Meaning, process; concepts (recruitment, selection,
placement, appraisal)
4. Leading - meaning, process; motivation, leadership and
communication;
5. Controlling - meaning, process
Constraints in marketing of horticultural produce. Marketing functions,
Marketing through various channels, Price spread, Marketing mix
Marketing Efficiency, Market Integration and Market intelligence.
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AEX 303 Agripreneurship Development and 1(1+0)

Theory
Agripreneurship: meaning, definition, nature, scope, importance, types,
functions and dimensions, characteristics of successful entrepreneur,
approaches to entrepreneurship, Factors affecting entrepreneurial growth
- psychological factors, cultural factors, social factors, economic factors,
personality factors, strategies to motivate youths towards
entrepreneurship, Risks and barriers involved in entrepreneurship, Role
of entrepreneurship in economic development, Women entrepreneurship-
concept, importance, problems and remedies, strategies to motivate of
women entrepreneurs.
Overview of Indian social, political and economic systems and their
implications for decision making by individual entrepreneurs. Social
Responsibility and business ethics. Government schemes and incentives
for promotion of entrepreneurship. Government policy on Small and
Medium Enterprises (SMEs) / SSIs.
Communication Skills: meaning and process of communication, verbal
and non-verbal communication; listening and note taking, writing skills,
oral presentation skills, developing organizational and managerial skills,
problem solving skills. field diary and lab record; indexing, footnote and
bibliographic procedures, news writing, individual, group presentation,
features of oral presentation, different types of presentation, evaluation
of presentation, vocal communication techniques/cues, salient features
of participation in seminars and conferences.
XI. ANIMAL SCIENCE

1 ANS 202 Animal Science 2(1+1)
Total 2(1+1)
ANS 202 Animal Science 2(1+1)

Theory
Distribution of livestock and role in economy; Introductory animal
husbandry; Breeds of livestock; Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep & Goat; Important
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traits, General management and feeding practices of animals; Handling

of animals; Housing systems; Feed and fodders in livestock production;
Common farm management practices including disinfection, isolation,
quarantine and disposal of carcass; Diseases and parasite control and
hygiene care.
Poultry- history and economic importance; Poultry breeds; Formation
and structure of eggs; Important traits of poultry, Care and management
of chicks, grower and layers/broiler; Poultry Diseases, control and
hygiene care. Fishery-inland and marine fish production concepts,
management, etc.
Practical
Visit to livestock farms/demonstration centres; Breeds of cattle, buffalo,
sheep & goat; Familiarization with body parts of animals; Handling and
restraining of animals; Artificial Insemination; Feeding of livestock;
Methods of identification, Milking methods; Record Keeping. Visit to
the Poultry farm; Poultry breeds; Body parts of chicken; Housing,
equipment, Methods of identification and sexing; Identification of diseases
and control of parasites, Vaccination; Maintenance of farm records.
XII. NON LOAD COMPULSORY COURSES

Sl.# Course # Title Credit Hour
1 PED 101 Physical and Health Education-I (0+1)
2 PED 102 Physical and Health Education -II (0+1)
3 NSS 201 National Service Scheme-I (0+1)
4 NSS 202 National Service Scheme-II (0+1)
5 KAN 101/ Kannada-I*/ Kannada-I** (0+1)
KNK 101
6 KAN 102/ Kannada-II*/ Kannada-II** (0+1)
KNK 102
7 HST 301 State Study Tour (0+1)
8 HST 402 All India Study Tour (0+1)
Total 0+8
*For Kannadiga Students ** For Non Kannadiga Students
PED 101 Physical and Health Education-I 1(0+1)

Meaning of Physical Education, Scope and importance. Foundation of
physical education: Sociological and Physiological. Tournaments and
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competition: Definition, types of tournaments: single Knock-out and

consolation, league, combination, challenge or perpetual leader and
pyramid. Physical fitness and health education. Construction and lying
out of the track and field. Olympics, Asian and Common Wealth and
national games, etc. Yoga and asanas. Rules of various games-football*,
basketball, Kabaddi, Badminton (ball), asanas-1and table tennis (* the
girls will have tennikoit and throw ball).
PED 102 Physical and Health Education-II 1(0+1)

Recreation and agencies promoting recreation (Agencies, Home,
Government, Voluntary and Commercial). Various types of recreation:
Physical activities- Minor games non equipment games, social games.
Learning activities: Debates, discussions, reading etc. Acquiring activities:
Hobbies like collection of stamps, coins, Creative: art and craft.
Recreational facilities: personal and supervision schedule camp, picnic,
social gathering, tracking rockclimbing organization of rural recreation,
construction and productive recreation. Meaning of warming up;
conditioning, fatigue, oxygen debt, rest and relaxation. Effect of exercises
on various systems of human body. Rules of various games: cricket,
volley ball, hockey, or hand ball, track and field events. Kho-Kho and
asanas-II. General conditioning compulsory on all days: weight, training
circuit training and calisthenics.
NSS 201 National Service Scheme- I 1(0+1)

Introduction to National Service Scheme objectives and motto of NSS
programme Planning and development, kinds of activities in regular and
special camping programmes. Aspects of NSS programme institutional,
rural and urban projects- villages/ slum adoption organization and
administrative arrangements of NSS at National, State University and
college levels. 43 Adult education programmes of continuing education
of school dropouts, coaching of students from economically weaker
sections, organization of youth/ Clubs, discussions on eradication of social
evils like casteism, regionalism, corruption, un-touchability, etc. nonformal
education of rural youth. Awareness programmes on drug abuse and
AIDS- Voter awareness campaign.
NSS 202 National Service Scheme- II 1(0+1)

Environmental enrichment and conservation, plantation of trees their
preservation and up keeping. Construction of rural roads, clearing of
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village ponds, popularization of biogas plants, preservation of soil erosion.

Programmes of work during emergencies and natural calamities like
cyclones, floods and earthquake- assisting the authorities in distributions
of rations, medicines and clothes-assisting health authorities in inoculation,
supply of medicines etc. Reconstruction of huts, relief and rescue work.
Health, family welfare and nutrition programmes, mass immunization,
blood donation, integrated child development, population education-
programmes aimed at creating awareness for improvement of the status
of women - production oriented programmes - teaching improved
Horticultural / Agricultural technologies, rodent control and pest
management, weed control, soil testing, guidance in animal husbandry
and poultry farming, animal health checking programmes and small
savings.
PÀ£ÀßqÀzÀ «zÁåyðUÀ½UÉ
KAN 101: Kannada-I 1(0+1)
PÁªÀå-PÀxÉ: d£À¥ÀzÀVÃvÉUÀ¼ÀÄ-d£À¥ÀzÀgÀÄ; ±ÀgÀtgÀ ªÀZÀ£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ-eÉÃqÀgÀ zÁ¹ªÀÄAiÀÄå,
§¸ÀªÀtÚ, DAiÀÄÝQÌ ®PÀÌªÀÄä; gÉÊvÀVÃvÉ- PÀÄªÉA¥ÀÄ; CqÀÄUÉ ªÀÄ£ÉAiÀÄ ºÀÄqÀÄV- ªÉÊzÉÃ»;
C«ÄÃ£À¥ÀÄgÀzÀ ¸ÀAvÉ; ºÀ®ªÀÅ ªÀÄPÀÌ¼À vÁ¬Ä ¨ÉÃgÀÄ-PÀ¸ÀÆÛj ¨Á»j.
¸À A QÃtð:DºÁgÀ ª É A § DAiÀ Ä Äzs À - £ÁUÉ Ã ±À ºÉ U É q É ; ¥À Æ tðZÀ A zÀ æ v É Ã d¹é -
JA.JZï.PÀÈµÀÚAiÀÄå; PÀ£ÀßqÀzÀ°è PÀÈ¶ «eÁÕ£À ¸Á»vÀåzÀ GUÀªÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ «PÁ¸À-qÁ.
eÉ.¨Á®PÀÈµÀÚ.
¸ÀA¸ÀÌøw ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀ£ÀßqÀ ¥ÀæeÉÕ: PÀ£ÁðlPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌøwAiÀÄ MAzÀÄ avÀæ-gÀºÀªÀÄvï vÀjPÉgÉ;
PÀ£ÀßqÀzÀ PÉ®¸À K£ÉÃ£ÀÄ DUÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ- qÁ.JZï.J¸ï. ²ªÀ¥ÀæPÁ±À; ¥ÁæaÃ£À PÀ£ÀßqÀ PÀÈ¶
¸Á»vÀå- qÁ. GªÀiÁ CQÌ.
¥ÁæAiÉÆÃVPÀ: ªÀåªÀºÁgÀ PÀ£ÀßqÀ-¥ÀvÀæ¯ÉÃR; ¥Áj¨sÁ¶PÀ ¥ÀzÀgÀZÀ£ÉAiÀÄ «zsÁ£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ.
KAN 102: Kannada –II 1(0+1)

PÁªÀå-PÀxÉ -£ÁlPÀ: d£À¥ÀzÀPÀxÉ-d£À¥ÀzÀgÀÄ - PÀÈ¶ UÁzÉUÀ¼ÀÄ - d£À¥ÀzÀgÀÄ–
PÀÄgÀÄqÀÄ PÁAZÀt-¨ÉÃAzÉæ; gÉÆnÖ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ºÀÄqÀÄV- ªÀÄ°èPÁ WÀAn; £ÃgÀÄ-§¸ÀªÀgÁd
PÀÄPÀÌgÀ½î; ªÀÄÆ°PÉ §½îAiÀÄ ¸ÀÄvÀÛ-¥ÀÇtðZÀAzÀævÉÃd¹é. vÀ§â°UÀ¼ÀÄ - «ÄeÁð §¶Ãgï
¸ÀAQÃtð: £ÀªÀÄä JªÉÄäUÉ ªÀiÁvÀÄ w½AiÀÄÄªÀÅzÉ?–UÉÆgÀÆgÀÄ gÁªÀÄ¸Áé«Ä CAiÀÄåAUÁgï;
PÉgÉ §wÛzÁUÀ -d®¸ÀªÀÄ¸Éå - n.Dgï. C£ÀAvÀgÁªÀiï; ¸ÁªÀAiÀÄªÀ PÀÈ¶AiÀÄ°è ªÁ¸ÀÛ«PÀ
«±ÉèÃµÀuÉ- qÁ.n.J¸ï. ZÀ£ÉßÃ±ï.
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¸ÀA¸ÀÌøw ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀ£ÀßqÀ ¥ÀæeÉÕ: PÀ£ÁðlPÀzÀ PÀÈ¶ DZÀgÀuÉUÀ¼ÀÄ - ««zsÀ ¯ÉÃRPÀgÀÄ;

±Á¹ÛçÃAiÀÄ PÀ£ÀßqÀ CzsÀåAiÀÄ£À ¸ÁzsÀåvÉUÀ¼ÀÄ - qÁ. £Á. VÃvÁZÁgÀå; DqÀ½vÀzÀ°è PÀ£ÀßqÀ
§¼ÀPÉ - qÁ.PÉ.«.£ÁgÁAiÀÄt.
¥ÁæAiÉÆÃVPÀ: PÀ£ÀßqÀzÀ°èPÀÈ¶ ¸Á»vÀå ¥ÀæPÁgÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CªÀÅUÀ¼À gÀZÀ£Á ¸ÀégÀÆ¥À.
PÀ£ÀßqÉÃvÀgÀ «zÁåyðUÀ½UÉ
KNK 101 Kannada –I 1(0+1)
Development of listening and speaking skills with Kannada structure
pattern - Introducing each other - Conversation between friends -
Enquiring about family - Plan to go for a movie - Routine activities of a
student - In a book shop - Introducing College/University - Conversation
between a farmer and a Scientist - Data collection in a village –
Conversation on going on a tour.
Development of writing and reading skills with Kannada structure pattern
- Kannada Script practice and reading.
KNK 102 Kannada –II 1(0+1)

Development of listening and speaking skills with Kannada structure
pattern - Conversation between a Doctor and a Patient; About Children’s
Education; Halebid-Belur; Discussing about Examination and Future Plan.
Development of writing and reading skills with Kannada structure pattern
: Translation of simple sentences English into Kannada, Selected lesson
for reading (Nada Geete, Kannada Habbagalu, Prekshaniya Sthalagalu,
Kannada Kavi, Kannada Vignani)
HST 301 State Study Tour (0+1)

Visits to national/state research institutes or centers, visit to state
extension centers, visit to state Agril. Universities, visit to Govt./Private
seed/processing industries, visit to progressive farmers fields.
HST 402 All India Study Tour (0+1)

Visits to national/state research institutes or centers, visit to state
extension centers, visit to state Agril. Universities, visit to Govt./Private
seed/processing industries, visit to progressive farmers fields.
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XIII. Students READY (Rural and Entrepreneurship Awareness

Development Yojana)
Sl. # Course # Course Title Credit Hour
01 HEL 401 ExperientialLearning in Horticulture 0+20
02 RHWE 402 Rural Horticultural Work Experience 0+20
Total 0+40
HEL 401 Experiential Learning in Horticulture (0+20)

[Each module 10 (0+10)]
Students will practically gain hands on expertise for a semester in any
two options out of commercial horticulture, protected cultivation of high
value horticulture crops, processing of fruits and vegetables for value
addition, floriculture and landscape architecture, production of bioinputs-
biofertilizers and biopesticides, mass multiplication of plants and bio-
molecules through tissue culture, mushroom culture and bee keeping. In
one semester students will be working with horticulture farmers/
horticulture based industries in collaboration with developmental
departments, extension functionaries, input suppliers, marketing and
procurement functionaries, processing industries.
1. Module-I. Commercial Horticulture: Nursery production of
fruit crops: Raising of rootstocks, grafting and budding of
rootstocks, management of grafted plants, plant certification,
packaging and marketing, quality control. Nursery production of
ornamentals: Production of plantlets, production of potted plants,
management and maintenance, sale and marketing. Protected
cultivation of vegetables and flowers: Nursery raising/procurement
and transplanting, management and maintenance of the crop,
postharvest handling, quality control and marketing.
2. Module-II. Protected Cultivation of High Value
Horticulture Crops: Visit to commercial polyhouses, Project
preparation and planning. Specialised lectures by commercial
export house. Study of designs of greenhouse structures for
cultivation of crops. Land preparation and soil treatment. Planting
and production: Visit to export houses; Market intelligence;
Marketing of produce; cost analysis; Visit to export houses;
Market intelligence; Marketing of produce; cost analysis;
institutional management. Report writing and viva-voce.
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3. Module-III. Processing of Fruits and Vegetables for Value

Addition: Planning and execution of a market survey, preparation
of processing schedule, preparation of project module based on
market information, calculation of capital costs, source of finance,
assessment of working capital requirements and other financial
aspects, identification of sources for procurement of raw material,
production and quality analysis of fruits and vegetables products
at commercial scale, packaging, labelling, pricing and marketing
of product.
4. Module-IV. Floriculture and Landscape Architecture:
Preparation of project report, soil and water analysis, preparation
of land and layout. Production and Management of commercial
flowers. Harvesting and postharvest handling of produce.
Marketing of produce, Cost Analysis, Institutional Management,
Visit to Flower growing areas and Export House, Attachment with
private landscape agencies. Planning and designing, site analysis,
selection and use of plant material for landscaping. Formal and
informal garden, features, styles, principles and elements of
landscaping. Preparation of landscape plans of home gardens,
farm complexes, public parks, institutions, high ways, dams and
avenues. Making of lawns, use of software in landscape. Making
of bouquets, button hole, wreath, veni and gazaras, car and
marriage palaces. Dry flower Technology (identification of suitable
species, drying, packaging and forwarding techniques).
5. Module-V. Bio-inputs: Bio-fertilizers and Bio-pesticides:
Isolation and pure culture establishment of fertilisers and bio-
pesticides. Culture methods and substrates. Scale of methods for
bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides. Substrate preparation and mixing
techniques. Quality analysis of bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides.
Testing the final product in small scale level. Storage, marketing
and cost analysis of bio-fertilizers and pesticides.
6. Module-VI. Mass Multiplication of Plants and Molecules through
Tissue Culture : Preparation of stock solutions of tissue culture
media. Preparation of solid media and liquid media. Initiation of in
vitro culture and multiplication (preparation of explant, inoculation and
culturing) (crop to be selected). Sub-culturing, Rooting, Hardening
and establishment, Initiation of callus cultures – suspension cultures,
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Induction of selected biomolecules in callus, Harvesting and extraction

of biomolecule, Marketing and cost analysis.
7. Module-VII. Mushroom Culture: Construction cultivation
room/structure and Disinfection. Compost preparation &
pasteurization. Procurement of mother culture and spawn
preparation. Procurement of casing soil and preparation for
production. Mushroom seeding, Casing with soil and maintenance,
Harvesting, processing, Grading, packing, marketing and Cost
economics of mushroom culture.
8. Module-VIII. Bee keeping: Procurement and arrangement of
bee keeping equipments. Location and collection of potent nectar
yielding bee flora seeds from wild. Raising/ enriching the high
nectar yielding bee flora in the campus. Location and hiving the
natural bee colony from the wild. Establishing the apiary with
suitable/favourable necessaries. Maintenance and multiplication
of hived colonies. Management of natural enemies and diseases
of bees. Maintenance of bee colonies during dearth and honey
flow seasons. Harvesting and Processing of honey and bee wax.
Marketing and cost analysis.
9. Module-IX. Seed Production Annual Horticulture Crops :
Book keeping of records and accounts, market demand of crop
Varieties. Seed classes and its standards. Varieties and hybrid
seed production techniques of okra / chilli, / tomato / brinjal/ onion,
palak, coriander etc and their maintenance. Field inspections and
harvesting. Seed processing techniques. Seed quality testing. Seed
treatment, packaging, storage and marketing. Visit to farmer’s
seed production plots, public and private seed industries. Visit to
Seed Processing Units/ Seed Testing Laboratory /Seed ware
houses/ Cold storage units, etc. Economics of Seed Production.
Report writing and submission.
RHWE 402 Rural Horticultural Work Experience (0+20)
Student READY- Rural Horticulture Work Experience (RHWE) &
Placement in Industries. This program will be taken up during the VIII
semester for a duration of 24 weeks and will be allotted 0+20 credit
hours. The program will include orientation, village stay, all India study
tour, industrial placement program, report writing and final examination.
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Sl.# RHWE Programme Duration

1 Orientation programme 2 week
2 Village stay at RSK/ Hobli level 12 weeks
3 All India study tour 2 weeks
4 Placement Programme 5 weeks
5 Report writing & final examination 3 weeks
Total 24 weeks
1. Horticultural Extension Education & Project Work: 0+5
Extension programme planning and Execution, Leadership in rural
areas and identification of leaders to use in Extension work, Participatory
Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques for efficient extension work, Extension
teaching methods like General meeting, Farm and Home Visit, Group
discussion meeting, Method Demonstration, Result Demonstration,
Campaign, Farmers Training, Exhibition, Field Visits, Field days,
Community work etc.
2. Vegetable Science: 0+1
Identifying the important commercial crops of the areas, their
management practices followed by the farmers and gaps with new
technologies, identification of under exploited vegetables of the area and
creating awareness of their production potentiality, introduction of new
non-traditional vegetable crops, establishment of nutritional gardens to
the villagers, commercial vegetable nurseries, possibilities for introducing
high-tech vegetable production systems.
3. Fruit Science: 0+1
Identifying the important fruit crops of the area and their orchard,
layout and management, identification of problems associated with
production, protection and marketing, including post-harvest management
and processing. Possibilities of introducing new fruit crops suited to the
areas.
4. Post-Harvest Technology: 0+1
Creating awareness programme of the losses due to present post
harvest practices followed by the farmers. Creating awareness on
storage of commercial horticultural produce. Demonstration with respect
to value addition to the horticultural produce of the area (Jam, Jelly,
Ketchup, Syrups & RTS).
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5. Floriculture and Landscape Architecture: 0+1

Identifying the important commercial flower crops of the area and
their production and management practices followed by the farmers.
Creating awareness for improved practices of these flower crops to
boost production both under open and protected conditions Demonstration
of landscaping to the public premises like schools, temples, offices etc.
Possibility of value addition and flower display, exhibition and flower
arrangement for the locally important flower crops.
6. Medicinal and Aromatic Crops: 0+1
Identifying the important medicinal and aromatic crops suited to the
area and demonstrating their production and management practices
creating awareness for introduction of new medicinal and aromatic crops
suited to the area processing methods of aromatic and medicinal crops.
7. Spices and Plantation Crops: 0+1
Identifying the important spice and plantation crops suited to the
area and demonstrating their production and management practices,
creating awareness for popularization the new spice crops and plantation
crops suited to the areas for increasing production potentiality of these
crops. Demonstrating the processing methods of spice crops of the
area to the farmer, value added products of plantation crops and their
demonstration.
8. Entomology: 0+1
Identification of local pest situations and pest management practices;
Different types of nonchemical inputs used in pest management, Seed
treatment with pesticides; Storage practices of farm produces to prevent
insect damage; Local and traditional practices of pest management;
Assessment of pest and natural enemy densities; Surveillance of pest
and natural enemies, Importance of keeping record of purchases of the
insecticides; Sources of information available for plant protection
practices; Preparation of spray solution: Calculation of spray Volume;
Harvesting and processing local plants and their products for pest
management practices; Preparation of NSKE, vegetable oils and other
plant sources and NPV; Use of pheromone traps for pest monitoring;
Safe handling of pesticides and field release of parasites and predators;
Use of nylon nets in nurseries; Root feeding and/ or stem Injection of
pesticides; fumigants; rodent management. Apiculture, importance in
crop pollination colony management and honey and byproducts.
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9.Plant Pathology: 0+1

Plant disease details for major crops- a) Important diseases and
their severity, b) Collection of diseased plants and plant parts; Disease
management practices and their frequency; Use of fungicides,
bactericides, antibiotics; Different types of non-chemical inputs used;
Sources of information on plant protection practices. Information
regarding storage practices; Information on conventional or local practices
of disease management; storage practices; Types of sprayers/dusters
FYM by using weeds, rock phosphate and micronutrients.and their
availability; Preparation of Bordeaux mixture; Cultural and biological
management of soil borne disease; Seed treatment with fungicides/
antibiotics; Preparation of spray solutions, proprietary fungicides and
their application; Calculations of spray volume requirement –Preparation
of NSKE and vegetable oils for spraying; Use of nylon nets in nurseries;
Use of biological agents; Root feeding of fungicides; Hot water treatment
and furadon or thimet application against nematodes.
10. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry: 0+1
Collection and preparation of soil and water samples for analysis
and recommendation based on results of analysis; STCR based methods
of fertilizer application; Identification and amelioration of saline, sodic
and acidic soils; Identification of nutrient deficiency/toxicity symptoms
in crops and recommendations to rectify the problems, utilization of organic
wastes; integrated nutrient management; Enhancement of fertilizer use
efficiency, preparation of slow release fertilizers by using neem cake
coated and gypsum blended urea; Scientific methods of enrichment of
FYM by using weeds, rock phosphate and micronutrients.
11. Agronomy: 0+1
Collection of meteorological data, production of organic manures-
selection of site for FYM/compost pit, FYM, different methods of compost
production, vermicompost, liquid manures, oil cakes, green manuring in
dryland agriculture, fertilizer management including secondary and
micronutrients, integrated nutrient management, site specific nutrient
management, integrated weed management, watershed management,
soil and water conservation, integrated farming system, water
management including micro irrigation, aerobic rice production, non-cash
and low-cost inputs for crop production.
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12. Agricultural Economics: 0+1

Introductory economic principles of practical application in micro
one macro level problems faced by farmers in agriculture; Cost
effectiveness of different agricultural technologies; Costing/ Valuing inputs
including natural resources used in agriculture; Relative profitability of
crops, livestock, horticulture, fishery enterprises; Risks and uncertainties
involved in cultivation and marketing and mitigation strategies; Economic
efficiency; Gaps in efficiency, productivity and how to address them.
Problem statement in lay person’s terms. Problem restated in economic
terminology. The broad subject matter area which best describes the
economic problem (classification of the problem) Gaps between targets
and achievement and factors facilitating (Ex. Access to quality inputs
and markers) solutions at farm Solutions at program/policy levels.
Apprising the selected farmers regarding the economic solutions to the
problems identified covering economic efficiency, pricing, marketing, group
marketing, backward and forward linkages, new enterprises, synergies,
diversification, risk aversion strategies.
Concept of Agricultural Marketing, Significance of Marketing,
Marketing function, Physical, Exchange and facilitative, Different types
of Agricultural Markets, Methods of Sales of Agricultural Commodities,
APMC & their objectives, Different Government Schemes in Agricultural
Marketing, Marketing Institutions. Grading of Agricultural Commodities,
Importance, Types, Scientific Marketing of Agricultural Commodities,
Standards for Manufacture, Recent Advances in Agricultural Marketing.
13. Seed Science and Technology: 0+1
Different sources of seed and their characteristics (BS, FS, CS and
TL seeds). Status of Seed replacement in RHWE villages (vegetables,
flowers, Fruit and spices crops). Involvement of seed producing
organization in seed production; Government sector, Private sector, Co-
operative sector. Techniques followed in seed production: Hybrid, High
yielding varieties and horticulture crops. Post harvest technology followed
in seed crops: Method of harvest, Method of threshing. Method of pre-
cleaning, Method of drying and packing, Analysis of post harvest losses
at various levels. Analysis of seed quality of farmers saved seed:
Collection of seed from farmer, Subjecting for seed quality parameters
like G, P, M, Result communication. Demonstration of different class of
seed and their identification: Breeder seed, Foundation seed, Certified
seed, Truth fully labeled seed. Visit to seed processing unit: Study various
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activities, Involving in processing operations like grading, cleaning, storage,

treating, packaging etc. Seed treatment techniques. Seed marketing
and seed distribution system.
14. Biotechnology and Crop Improvement/Crop Physiology 0+1
Introduction of latest hybrids/ varieties suited to the area. Advantages
of tissue culture techniques and their practical utility with respect to
horticultural crops. I.P.R. issues, and farmers right.
Nutrient elements and their importance in growth and development
of crops. Deficiency and toxicity symptoms and their identification in
the field and corrective measures. Foliar nutrition. Plant growth regulators
and their role in plant growth and development. Use of plant growth
regulators in agriculture, horticulture, forestry and industry. Demonstration
of use of plant growth regulators to induce rooting of cuttings, induction
of regular flowering prevent/reduce flower and fruit drops, increase in
fruit size breaking seed, dormancy, fruit ripening. Importance of seed
hardening and demonstration.
15. Agriculture Engineering: 0+1
Study on improved primary and secondary tillage implements,
improved seed drill, seed-cum-fertilizer drill, planters and transplanters,
improved intercultural implements like hoes, hand weeder and ridger,
high-tech plant protection equipments like sprayers and dusters, improved
sickles, harvesters and reapers; power operated winnowers, threshers;
dryers, cleaners, graders and improved storage bins, coconut climbers,
coconut dehusker, groundnut decorticator, arecanut decorticators and
maize sheller, soil and water conservation structures.
16. Agriculture Microbiology: 0+1
Biofertilizers usage in different crops: a) Rhizobium inoculation in
leguminous cops b) Azotobacter inoculation in cereals c) Azospiriullum
inoculation in paddy and ragi d) Gluconobacter inoculation in sugarcane
e) Use of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms in crop production f)
Azolla and its cultivation, its importance in agriculture and husbandry g)
PGPR microorganisms, AM fungi and their importance in agriculture.
Use of biofertilizers in horticulture and sericulture crops Mushroom
cultivation, fast organic matter decomposers and compost enriching
microbes. Microbial bio-control agents like Trichoderma spp,
Pseudomonas spp and Bacillus spp.
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SEMESTER-WISE COURSES
I Semester
Sl.# Course # Course Title Credit Hours
1 STS 101 Elementary Statistics 2(1+1)
2 SAC 101 Fundamentals of Soil Science 2(1+1)
3 CSC 101 Information and Communication Technology 1(0+1)
4 AEC 101 Economics and Marketing 2(1+1)
5 PHT 101 Fundamentals of Food and Nutrition 2(1+1)
6 BCH 101 Elementary Plant Biochemistry 2(1+1)
7 CPH 101 Introductory Crop Physiology 2(1+1)
8 FSC 101 Fundamentals of Horticulture 3(2+1)
9 ENG 101 Communication Skills and Personality 1(0+1)
Development
10 AMB 101 Fundamentals of Microbiology 2(1+1)
11 PED 101 Physical and Health Education-I 1(0+1 NC)
12 KAN-101 Kannada – I * 1(0+1 NC)
KNK-101 Kannada – I**
Load 19 (9+10)
Non Load 2 (0+2)
Total 21 (9+12)
II Semester
1 VSC 102 Tropical and Sub Tropical Vegetables 3(2+1)
2 FLA 102 Ornamental Horticulture 2(1+1)
3 PMA 102 Plantation Crops 3(2+1)
4 PAT 102 Fundamentals of Plant Pathology 3(2+1)
5 ENT 102 Fundamentals of Entomology 2(1+1)
6 FSC 102 Plant Propagation and Nursery Management 2(1+1)
7 CPH 102 Growth and Development of Horticulture Crops 2(1+1)
8 GPB 102 Principles of Genetics and Cytogenetics 3(2+1)
9 AEG 102 Surveying, Soil and Water Conservation 1(0+1)
10 PED 102 Physical and Health Education -II 1(0+1 NC)
11 KAN-102 Kannada – II * 1(0+1 NC)
KNK-102 Kannada – II**
Load 21(12+9)
Non Load 2 (0+2)
Total 23 (12+11)
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III Semester
1 SAC 201 Soil, Water and Plant Analysis 2(1+1)
2 FLA 201 Commercial Floriculture 2(1+1)
3 PMA 201 Spices and Condiments 2(1+1)
4 VSC 201 Temperate Vegetables and Tuber Crops 3(2+1)
5 GPB 201 Principles and Methods of Plant Breeding 3(2+1)
6 ENT 201 Principles of Pest Management and Productive (2+1)
Insects
7 PAT 201 Diseases of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal and 3(2+1)
Aromatic Crops
8 FSC 201 Tropical and Sub tropical Fruits 3(2+1)
9 AGR 201 Water Management in Horticulture Crops (1+1)
10 NSS 201 National Service Scheme-I 1(0+1 NC)
Load 23(14+9)
Non Load 1(0+1)
Total 24 (14+10)
IV Semester
1 FLA 202 Landscape Architecture 2(1+1)
2 PMA 202 Medicinal Crops 2(1+1)
3 VSC 202 Precision Farming and Protected 1(0+1)
4 SST 202 Principles of Seed Production in 2(1+1)
5 FSC 202 Temperate Fruit Crops 2(2+0)
6 PBT 202 Introduction to Plant Biotechnology 2(1+1)
7 AGR 202 Agro-meteorology and Climate Change 2(1+1)
8 ENS 202 Environmental Studies and Disaster 2(2+0)
Management
9 AMB 202 Soil and Applied Microbiology 2(1+1)
10 AEC 202 Horti-Farm and Financial Management 2(1+1)
11 AEG 202 Farm Power and Machinery 2(1+1)
12 ANS 202 Animal Science 2(1+1)
13 NSS 202 National Service Scheme-II 1(0+1 NC)
Load 23(13+10)
Non Load 1(0+1)
Total 24(13+11)
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V Semester
1 AGR 301 Major Field Crops 2(1+1)
2 FLA 301 Protected Cultivation of Flower Crops 2(1+1)
3 ENT 301 Pests of Vegetable, Ornamental and Spice Crops 2(1+1)
4 PHT 301 Post Harvest Management of Horticultural produce 3(2+1)
5 AEX 301 Fundamentals of Extension Education 2(1+1)
6 PMA 301 Aromatic Crops 2(1+1)
7 FSC 301 Dryland Horticulture 2(1+1)
8 VSC 301 Breeding and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops 3(2+1)
9 PAT 301 Diseases of Vegetable, Ornamental and Spice Crops 3(2+1)
10 VSC 302 Experimental Techniques in Horticulture 1(0+1)
11 HST 301 State Study Tour 1(0+1 NC)
Load 22 (12+10)
Non Load 1(0+1)
Total 23 (12+11)
VI Semester
1 PMA 302 Breeding of Spice andPlantation Crops 2(1+1)
2 FLA 302 Breeding and Seed Production of Flower Crops 2(1+1)
3 SAC 302 Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management 2(1+1)
4 AEX 302 Communication and Transfer of Technology 2(1+1)
5 ENT 302 Pests of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal and 3(2+1)
Aromatic Crops
6 PHT 302 Processing of Horticultural Produce 3(2+1)
7 FSC 302 Breeding of Fruit Crops 2(1+1)
8 AGR 303 Weed Management in Horticulture Crops 1(0+1)
9 AEC 302 Business Management and Entrepreneurship 2(2+0)
Development
10 AEX 303 Agripreneurship Development and 1(1+0)
11 AGR 302 Organic Farming 2(1+1)
12 FOR 302 Introductory Agro-forestry 2(1+1)
Total 24(14+10)
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VII Semester
Students READY
HEL 101 Experiential Learning in Horticulture * 20(0+20)
1 HEL 401 Commercial Horticulture
2 HEL 401 Protected Cultivation of High Value Horticulture Crops
3 HEL 401 Processing of Fruits and Vegetables for Value Addition
4 HEL 401 Floriculture and Landscape Architecture
5 HEL 401 Bio-Inputs : Bio-fertilizers and Bio-pesticides
6 HEL 401 Mass Multiplication of Plant Molecules through Tissue Culture
7 HEL 401 Mushroom Culture
8 HEL 401 Bee Keeping
9 HEL 401 Seed Production of Annual Horticulture Crops
Total 20 (0+20)
Note: * Students can select any two modules.
VIII Semester
Students READY
1 RHW 402 Rural Horticultural Work Experience 0+20
2 HST 402 All India Study Tour 0+1 NC
Load 20(0+20)
Non Load 0+1
Total 21(0+21)
Grand Total 172+8**
Note: ** Non Load Compulsory Course
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UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES, BAGALKOT

FSC 101 Fundamentals of Horticulture 3(2+1)

trees, preparation of fertilizer mixtures and field application, preparation

FSC 102 Plant Propagation and Nursery Management 2(1+1)

packing of nursery fruit plants. Maintenance of nursery records. Use of

FSC 201 Tropical and Sub Tropical Fruits 3(2+1)

FSC 202 Temperate Fruit Crops 2(2+0)

FSC 301 Dryland Horticulture 2(1+1)

FSC 302 Breeding of Fruit Crops 2(1+1)

II. DEPARTMENT OF VEGETABLE SCIENCE

VSC 102 Tropical and Sub Tropical Vegetables 3 (2+1)

VSC 201 Temperate Vegetables and Tuber Crops 3 (2+1)

VSC 202 Precision Farming and Protected 1(0+1)

VSC 301 Breeding and Seed Production of 3(2+1)

VSC 302 Experimental Techniques in Horticulture 1(0+1)

FLA-102 Ornamental Horticulture 2(1+1)

horticulture, Basic elements of garden design viz., major and minor

FLA-201 Commercial Floriculture 2(1+1)

FLA -202 Landscape Architecture 2 (1 +1)

FLA-301 Protected Cultivation of Flower Crops 2(1+1)

chrysanthemum, orchids and anthuriuns (preparation of beds, planting

FLA-302 Breeding and Seed Production of 2(1+1)

IV. DEPARTMENT OF PLANTATION, SPICES, MEDICINAL

PMA 102 Plantation Crops 3(2+1)

PMA 201 Spices and Condiments 2(1+1)

PMA 202 Medicinal Crops 2 (1+1)

Identification and management of important pests and diseases of

PMA 301 Aromatic Crops 2(1+1)

PMA 302 Breeding of Spices and Plantation Crops 2(1+1)

V. DEPARTMENT OF POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY

PHT 101 Fundamentals of Food and Nutrition 2 (1+1)

deficiency and complementary value of proteins; Lipids-functional

PHT 301 Post Harvest Management of 3(2+1)

horticulture produce-Hot water treatment, wax, growth regulators,

PHT 302 Processing of Horticultural Produce 3 (2+1)

VI. DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY

3 ENT 301 Pests of Vegetable, Ornamental and 2 (1+1)

ENT 102 Fundamentals of Entomology 2(1+1)

ENT 201 Principles of Pest Management and 3(2+1)

management. Factors for outbreak of pest populations. Pest survey,

Establishment and maintenance of mulberry garden. Study of different

ENT 301 Pests of Vegetable, Ornamental and 2(1+1)

bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of important insect and mite

VII. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY

PAT 102 Fundamentals of Plant Pathology 3(2+1)

plant diseases. Infection process. Survival and dispersal of plant

PAT 201 Diseases of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal 3(2+1)

PAT 301 Diseases of Vegetable, Ornamental and 3(2+1)

BCH 101 Elementary Plant Biochemistry 2(1+1)

essential amino acids, properties of amino acids -Solubility, melting point,

CPH 101 Introductory Crop Physiology 2(1+1)

mechanism and factors affecting transpiration. Drought: Different types

CPH 102 Growth and Development of 2(1+1)

GPB 102 Principles of Genetics and Cytogenetics 3(2+1)

PBT 202 Introduction to Plant Biotechnology 2(1+1)

SST 202 Principles of Seed Production in 2(1+1)

IX. DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT