KU M.pharm Syllabus New

Table of Contents
S.No. Content Page.No.

1. Regulations 01
2. Short Title and Commencement 01
3. Minimum qualification for admission 01
4. Duration of the program 01
5. Medium of instruction and examinations 01
6. Working days in each semester 01
7. Attendance and progress 02
8. Program/Course credit structure 02
9. Academic work 03
10. Course of study 03
11. Program Committee 14
12. Examinations/Assessments 14
13. Promotion and award of grades 25
14. Carry forward of marks 25
15. Improvement of internal assessment 25
16. Reexamination of end semester examinations 25
17. Allowed to keep terms (ATKT) 25
18. Grading of performances 26
19. The Semester grade point average (SGPA) 26
20. Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) 27
21. Declaration of class 27
22. Project work 27
23. Award of Ranks 28
24. Award of degree 28
25. Duration for completion of the program of study 28
26. Revaluation I Re totaling of answer papers 28
27. Re-admission after break of study 28
28. Pharmaceutics (MPH) 29
29. Industrial Pharmacy (MIP) 48
30. Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance (MQA) 67
31. Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs (MRA) 89
32. Pharmacy Practice (MPP) 108
33. Pharmacology (MPL) 129
34. Pharmacognosy (MPG) 148
35. Pharmaceutical Chemistry (MPC) 166
36. Pharmaceutical Analysis (MPA) 187
37 Research Methadology and Biostatistics 208
CHAPTER –I: REGULATIONS
1. Short Title and Commencement
These regulations shall be called as “The Revised Regulations for the Master of Pharmacy (M.
Pharm.)Degree Program - Credit Based Semester System (CBSS) of the Pharmacy Council of
India, New Delhi”. They shall come into effect from the Academic Year 20203-24. The
regulations framed are subject to modifications from time to time by the authorities of the
Kakatiya University.
2. Minimum qualification for admission
A Pass in the following examinations
a) B. Pharm Degree examination of an Indian university established by law in
India from an institution approved by Pharmacy Council of India and has scored not less than 55
% of the maximum marks (aggregate of 4 years of B.Pharm.)
b) Every student, selected for admission to post graduate pharmacy program in any PCI
approved institution should have obtained registration with the State Pharmacy Council or should
obtain the same within one month from the date of his/her admission, failing which the
admission of the candidate shall be cancelled.
Note: It is mandatory to submit a migration certificate obtained from the respective university
where the candidate had passed his/her qualifying degree (B.Pharm.)
3. Duration of the program
The program of study for M.Pharm. shall extend over a period of four semesters (two academic
years). The curricula and syllabi for the program shall be prescribed from time to time by
Phamacy Council of India, New Delhi.
4. Medium of instruction and examinations
Medium of instruction and examination shall be in English.
5. Working days in each semester
Each semestershall consist of not less than 90 working days. The odd semesters shall be
conducted from the month of June/July to November/December and the even
semesters shall be conducted from the month of December/January to May/June in every
calendar year.
1
6. Attendance and progress
A candidate is required to put in at least 75% attendance in individual courses considering theory
and practical separately. The candidate shall complete the prescribed course satisfactorily to be
eligible to appear for the respective examinations.
7. Program/Course credit structure
As per the philosophy of Credit Based Semester System, certain quantum of academic work viz.
theory classes, practical classes, seminars, assignments, etc. are measured in terms of credits. On
satisfactory completion of the courses, a candidate earns credits. The amount of credit associated
with a course is dependent upon the number of hours of instruction per week in that course.
Similarly the credit associated with any of the other academic, co/extracurricular activities is
dependent upon the quantum of work expected to be put in for each of these activities per
week/per activity.
Credit assignment
Theory and Laboratory courses
Courses are broadly classified as Theory and Practical. Theory courses consist of lecture (L) and
Practical (P) courses consist of hours spent in the laboratory. Credits (C) for a course is
dependent on the number of hours of instruction per week in that course, and is obtained by
using a multiplier of one (1) for lecture and a multiplier of half (1/2) for practical (laboratory)
hours.Thus, for example, a theory course having four lectures per week throughout the semester
carries a credit of 4. Similarly, a practical having four laboratory hours per week throughout
semester carries a credit of 2.
The contact hours of seminars, assignments and research work shall be treated as that of practical
courses for the purpose of calculating credits. i.e., the contact hours shall be multiplied by 1/2.
Similarly, the contact hours of journal club, research work presentations and discussions with the
supervisor shall be considered as theory course and multiplied by 1.
Minimum credit requirements
The minimum credit points required for the award of M. Pharm. degree is 95. However based on
the credit points earned by the students under the head of co-curricular activities, a student shall
earn a maximum of 100 credit points. These credits are divided into Theory courses, Practical,
Seminars, Assignments, Research work, Discussions with the supervisor, Journal club and
Co-Curricular activities over the duration of four semesters. The credits are distributed semester-
wise as shown in Table 14. Courses generally progress in sequence, building competencies and
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their positioning indicates certain academic maturity on the part of the learners. Learners are
expected to follow the semester-wise schedule of courses given in the syllabus.
8. Academic work
A regular record of attendance both in Theory, Practical, Seminar, Assignment, Journal club,
Discussion with the supervisor, Research work presentation and Dissertation shall be
maintained by the department / teaching staff of respective courses.
9. Course of study
The specializations in M.Pharm program is given in Table 1.
Table – 1: List of M.Pharm. Specializations and their Code
S. No. Specialization Code

1. Pharmaceutics MPH
2. Industrial Pharmacy MIP
3. Pharmaceutical Chemistry MPC
4. Pharmaceutical Analysis MPA
5. Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance MQA
6. Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs MRA
7. Pharmacy Practice MPP
8. Pharmacology MPL
9. Pharmacognosy MPG
The course of study for M.Pharm specializations shall include Semester wise Theory & Practical
as given in Table – 2 to 11. The number of hours to be devoted to each theory and practical
course in any semester shall not be less than that shown in Table – 2 to 11.
3
Table – 2: Course of study for M. Pharm. (Pharmaceutics)
Course Course Credit Credit Hrs./w Marks

Code Hours Points k
Semester I
MPH101T Modern Pharmaceutical 4 4 4 100
Analytical Techniques
MPH102T Drug Delivery Systems 4 4 4 100
MPH103T Modern Pharmaceutics 4 4 4 100
MPH104T IPR and Regulatory Affairs 4 4 4 100
MPH105P Modern Pharmaceutical 6 3 6 100
Analytical Techniques Practical
MPH106P Pharmaceutics-I Practical 6 3 6 100
- Seminar/Assignment 7 4 7 100
Total 35 26 35 700
Semester II
Advanced 4 4 4 100
MPH201T Biopharmaceutics &
Pharmacokinetics
Molecular Pharmaceutics 4 4 4 100
MPH202T (Nano technology &Targeted
Drug Delivery Systems)
MPH203T Pharmaceutical Production 4 4 4 100
Technology
MPH204T Cosmetic and 4 4 4 100
Cosmeceuticals
MPH205P Advanced BioPharmaceutics 6 3 6 100
and Pharmaocokinetics
Practical
MPH206P Pharmaceutics-II Practical 6 3 6 100
Total 35 26 35 700
4
Table – 3: Course of study for M. Pharm. (Industrial Pharmacy)
Course Course Credit Credit Hrs./w k Marks

Code Hours Points
Semester I
MIP101T Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical 4 4 4 100

Techniques
MIP102T Pharmaceutical Formulation Development 4 4 4 100
MIP103T Novel drug delivery systems 4 4 4 100
MIP104T IPR and Regulatory Affairs 4 4 4 100
MIP105P Pharmaceutical Analytical Techniques 6 3 6 100

Practical I
MIP106P Industrial Pharmacy-I Practical II 6 3 6 100
Total 35 26 35 700
Semester II
MIP201T Advanced Biopharmaceutics and 4 4 4 100

Pharmacokinetics
MIP202T Scale up and Technology Transfer 4 4 4 100
MIP203T Pharmaceutical Production Technology 4 4 4 100
MIP204T Entrepreneurship Management 4 4 4 100
MIP205P Advanced BioPharmaceutics and 6 3 6 100

Pharmaocokinetics Practical
MIP206P Industrial Pharmacy Practical 6 3 6 100
Total 35 26 35 700
5
Table – 4: Course of study for M. Pharm. (Pharmaceutical Chemistry)
Course Code Course Credit Credit Hrs./w Marks

Hours Points k
Semester I
MPC101T Modern Pharmaceutical 4 4 4 100
MPC1012T Advanced Organic 4 4 4 100
Chemistry -I
MPC103T Advanced Medicinal 4 4 4 100
Chemistry -I
MPC104T Chemistry of Natural Products 4 4 4 100
MPC105P Chemistry of Natural Products Practical 6 3 6 100

MPC106P Advanced Medicinal 6 3 6 100
Chemistry –I Practical
Total 35 26 35 700
Semester II
MPC201T Spectroscopic Identification of Organic 4 4 4 100
compounds
MPC202T Advanced Organic 4 4 4 100
Chemistry -II
MPC203T Advanced medicinal Chemistry-II 4 4 4 100
MPC204T Computer Aided Drug Design 4 4 4 100
MPC205P Advanced Organic Chemistry Practical 6 3 6 100
MPC206P Advanced Medicinal Chemistry-II 6 3 6 100

Practical
Total 35 26 35 700
6
Table – 5: Course of study for M. Pharm. (Pharmaceutical Analysis)
Course Course Credit Credit Hrs./wk Marks

Code Hours Points
Semester I
MPA101T Modern Pharmaceutical 4 4 4 100
MPA102T Advanced Pharmaceutical 4 4 4 100
Analysis-I
MPA103T Pharmaceutical Validation 4 4 4 100
MPA104T Food Analysis 4 4 4 100
MPA105P Modern Pharmaceutical 6 3 6 100
MPA106P Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis-I 6 3 6 100
Total 35 26 35 700
Semester II
MPA201T Advanced Instrumental 4 4 4 100
Analysis
MPA202T Modern Bio- Analytical 4 4 4 100
Techniques
MPA203T Quality Control and 4 4 4 100
Quality Assurance
MPA204T Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis -II 4 4 4 100
MPA205P Advanced Instrumental Analysis 6 3 6 100
MPA206P Advanced Pharmaceuti cal Analysis-II 6 3 6 100
Total 35 26 35 700
7
Table – 6: Course of study for M. Pharm. (Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance)
Course Course Credit Credit Hrs./w Marks

Code Hours Points k
Semester I
MQA101T Modern Pharmaceutical 4 4 4 100
MQA102T Quality Management 4 4 4 100
System
MQA103T Quality Control and Quality 4 4 4 100
Assurance
MQA104T Product Development and 4 4 4 100
Technology Transfer
MQA105P Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical 6 3 6 100
techniques
MQA106P Quality Asssurance and Quality Control 6 3 6 100
Total 35 26 35 700
Semester II
MQA201T Hazards and Safety 4 4 4 100
Management
MQA202T Pharmaceutical Validation 4 4 4 100
MQA203T Audits and Regulatory 4 4 4 100
Compliance
MQA204T Pharmaceutical 4 4 4 100
Manufacturing Technology
MQA205P Pharmaceutical Validation 6 3 6 100
MQA206P Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology 6 3 6 100

Total 35 26 35 700
8
Table – 7: Course of study for M. Pharm. (Regulatory Affairs)
Course Course Credit Credit Hrs./ Marks
Code Hours Points wk
Semester I
MRA Good Regulatory Practices 4 4 4 100
101T
MRA Documentation and 4 4 4 100
102T Regulatory Writing
MRA Clinical Research 4 4 4 100
103T Regulations
Regulations and Legislation
MRA for Drugs & Cosmetics, Medical Devices, 4 4 4 100
104T Biologicals & Herbals, and Food &
Nutraceuticals In India and Intellectual
Property Rights
MRA Regulatory Affairs Practical I 6 3 6 100
105P
MRA Regulatory Affairs Practical II 6 3 6 100

106P
Seminar/Assignment 7 4 7 100
Total 35 26 35 700
Semester II
MRA Regulatory Aspects of Drugs 4 4 4 100
201T & Cosmetics
MRA Regulatory Aspects of Herbal 4 4 4 100
202T & Biologicals
MRA Regulatory Aspects of 4 4 4 100
203T Medical Devices
MRA Regulatory Aspects of Food 4 4 4 100
204T & Nutraceuticals
MRA Regulatory Affairs Practical III 6 3 6 100
205P
MRA Regulatory Affairs Practical IV 6 3 6 100
206P
Seminar/Assignment 7 4 7 100
Total 35 26 35 700
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Table – 8: Course of study for M. Pharm. (Pharmacy Practice)
Code Hours Points
Semester I
MPP Clinical Pharmacy Practice 4 4 4 100
101T
MPP Pharmacotherapeutics-I 4 4 4 100
102T
MPP Hospital&Community 4 4 4 100
103T Pharmacy
MPP Clinical Research 4 4 4 100
104T
MPP Pharmacy Practice Practical I 6 3 6 100
105P
MPP Pharmacy Practice Practical II 6 3 6 100

106P
Total 35 26 35 700
Semester II
MPP Principles of Quality Use of 4 4 4 100
201T Medicines
MPP Pharmacotherapeutics II 4 4 4 100
102T
MPP Clinical Pharmacokinetics and 4 4 4 100
203T Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
MPP Pharmacoepidemiology 4 4 4 100 &
204T Pharmacoeconomics
MPP Pharmacy Practice Practical III 6 3 6 100
205P
MPP Pharmacy Practice Practical IV 6 3 6 100

206P
Total 35 26 35 700
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Table – 9: Course of study for (Pharmacology)
Code Hours Points
Semester I
MPL Modern Pharmaceutical 4 4 4 100
101T Analytical Techniques
MPL Advanced Pharmacology-I 4 4 4 100
102T
MPL 103T Pharmacological and 4 4 4 100
Toxicological Screening Methods-I
MPL Cellular and Molecular 4 4 4 100
104T Pharmacology
MPL Pharmacology Practical I 6 3 6 100
105P
MPL Pharmacology Practical II 6 3 6 100

106P
Total 35 26 35 700
Semester II
MPL Advanced Pharmacology II 4 4 4 100
201T
MPL 202T Pharmacological and 4 4 4 100
Toxicological Screening Methods-II
MPL Principles of Drug Discovery 4 4 4 100
203T
MPL Clinical Research and Pharmacovigilence 4 4 4 100
204T
MPL Pharmacology Practical III 6 3 6 100
205P
MPL Pharmacology Practical IV 6 3 6 100

206P
Total 35 26 35 700
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Table – 10: Course of study for M. Pharm. (Pharmacognosy)

Code Hours Points
Semester I
MPG101T Modern Pharmaceutical 4 4 4 100
MPG102T Advanced Pharmacognosy-1 4 4 4 100
MPG103T Phytochemistry 4 4 4 100
MPG104T Industrial Pharmacognostical 4 4 4 100
Technology
MPG105P Advanced Pharmacognosy-I 6 3 6 100
MPG106P Phytochemistry 6 3 6 100
Total 35 26 35 700
Semester II
MPG201T Advanced Pharmacognosy-II 4 4 4 100
MPG202T Indian System of Medicine 4 4 4 100

MPG203T Herbal cosmetics 4 4 4 100
MPG204T Clinical Research and Pharmacovigilence 4 4 4 100
MPG205P Advanced Pharmacognosy-II 6 3 6 100
MPG206P Herbal Cosmetics 6 3 6 100

Total 35 26 35 700
Table – 11: Course of study for M. Pharm. III Semester (Common for All Specializations)
Course Code Course Credit Hours Credit Points

MRM 301T Research Methodology and 4 4
Biostatistics
- Journal club 1 1
- Discussion / Presentation 2 2
(Proposal Presentation)
- Research Work 28 14
Total 35 21
12
Table – 12: Course of study for M. Pharm. IV Semester (Common for All Specializations)
Course Course Credit Hours Credit Points

Code
- Journal Club 1 1
- Research Work 31 16
- Discussion/Final Presentation 3 3
Total 35 20
Table – 13: Semester wise credits distribution

Semester Credit Points
I 26
II 26
III 21
IV 20
Co-curricular Activities Minimum=02 Maximum=07*
(Attending Conference, Scientific
Presentations and Other Scholarly Activities)
Total Credit Points Minimum=95
Maximum=100
*Credit Points for Co-curricular Activities
Table No-14 Guidelines for Awarding Credit Points for Co-Curricular Awards
Name of the Activity Maximum Credit
Points Eligible /
Activity
Participation in National Level
Seminar/Conference/Workshop/Symposium/ Training Programs 01
(related to the specialization of the student)
Participation in international Level
Seminar/Conference/Workshop/Symposium/ Training 02
Programs (related to the specialization of the student)
Academic Award/Research Award from State 01
Level/National Agencies
Academic Award/Research Award from International 02
Agencies
Research / Review Publication in National Journals 01
(Indexed in Scopus / Web of Science)
Research / Review Publication in International Journals 02
(Indexed in Scopus / Web of Science)
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Journal: The Editorial Board Out side India
*The credit points assigned for extracurricular and or co-curricular activities shall
be given by the Principals of the colleges and the same shall be submitted to the University. The
criteria to acquire this credit point shall be defined by the University from time to time.
1. Program Committee
1. The M. Pharm. programme shall have a Programme Committee constituted by the Head
of the institution in consultation with all the Heads of the departments.
2. The composition of the Programme Committee shall be as follows:

A teacher at the cadre of Professor shall be the Chairperson; One Teacher from each M.Pharm
specialization and four student representatives (two from each academic year), nominated by the
Head of the institution.
3. Duties of the Programme Committee:
i. Periodically reviewing the progress of the classes.
ii. Discussing the problems concerning curriculum, syllabus and the conduct of classes.
iii. Discussing with the course teachers on the nature and scope of assessment for the course
and the same shall be announced to the students at the beginning of respective
semesters.
iv. Communicating its recommendation to the Head of the institution on academic matters.
v. The Programme Committee shall meet at least twice in a semester preferably at the end
of each sessional exam and before the end semester exam.
2. Examinations/Assessments
The schemes for internal assessment and end semester examinations are given in Table – 16.
End semester examinations
The End Semester Examinations for each theory and practical course through semesters I to IV
shall be conducted by the respective university and the marks/grades shall be submitted to the
university.
Note: In each semester Seminar -50marks and Assignment -50 marks ( Non University exam/
Internal assessment)
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Table No: 16- Schemes for Internal Assessment and End Semester (Pharmaceutics-MPH)
Internal Assessment End Semester

Exams Total Mar ks
Course Code Course
Sessional
Exams Tot al Mar ks Durati
Mar Durati on
ks on
SEMESTER I
Modern Pharmaceuti
MPH 101T cal Analytical 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3Hrs 100
Techniques
MPH 102T Drug Delivery
System 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3Hrs 100
MPH 103T Modern
Pharmaceutics 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3Hrs 100
MPH IPR and Regulatory 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
104T Affair
MPH Modern Pharmaceutical 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100
105P Analytical techniques
MPH Pharmaceutics-I 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100
106P
- Seminar 100 - - 3Hrs 100
/Assignment
Total 700
SEMESTER II
Advanced
Biopharmac eutics& 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MPH Pharmacokinetics
201T
MPH Molecular Pharmaceuti 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100

202T cs(Nano Tech and Targeted
DDS)
Pharmaceutical Production
MPH Technology 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
203T
MPH Cosmetic and 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
204T Cosmeceutic
Als
MPH Pharmaceutics Practical III
25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100
205P
MPH Pharmaceutics Practical IV
25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100
206 P
Seminar 100 3Hrs 100
/Assignment
Total 700
15
Table No: 17- Schemes for Internal Assessment and End Semester (Industrial Pharmacy-MIP)
Course Course Internal Assessment End Total Marks
Code Semester Exams
Sessional
Exams Tot al Mar Dura tion
Mar Durati ks
ks on
SEMESTER I
Modern Pharmaceutical 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3Hrs 100
MIP101T Analytical Techniques
Pharmaceutical Formulation 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 100
MIP102T Development Hrs
Novel Drug Delivery Systems 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 100 drug delivery sy

MIP103T Hrs
Intellectual Property Rights and 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 100

MIP104T Regulatory Affairs Hrs
Pharmaceutical Analytical 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4Hr 100

MIP105P Techniques
Industrial pharmacy-I 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100

MIP106 P
- Seminar 100 - - - 3Hrs 100

/Assignment
Total 700
Semester-II
Total 700
Advanced Biopharmaceutics and
MIP201T Pharmacokinetics 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 100
Hrs
Scale up and Technology Transfer 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 100
MIP202T Hrs
Pharmaceutical Production 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 100
MIP203T Technology Hrs
Entrepreneurship Management 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 100
MIP204T Hrs
MIP205P Advanced Biopharmaceutics 25 3hrs 25 75 4hrs 100 and
Pharmacokinetics
MIP206P Industrial Pharmacy-II 25 3hrs 25 75 4hrs 100
- Seminar 100 - - 3Hrs 100

/Assignment
Total 700
16
Table No: 18- Schemes for Internal Assessment and End Semester (Pharmaceutical Chemistry-MPC)
Course Exams
Course Code Sessional Exams Total
Tot al Mar ks Du rati on Marks
Mar ks Durati on
SEMESTER I
Modern Pharmaceutical analytical Analytical
MPC101T Techniques 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3Hrs 100
Advanced Organic 3Hrs

MPC102T Chemistry -I 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 100
Advanced Medicinal 3Hrs
MPC103T Chemistry-I 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 100
MPC104T Chemistry of Natural Products 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3Hrs 100
MPC105P Chemistry Of Natural Products 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100
MPC106P Advanced Medicinal Chemistry-I 25 3hrs 25 75 4Hrs 100
- Seminar 100 3Hrs 100

/Assignment
Total 700
SEMESTER II
Spectroscopic Identification of 3
MPC201T Organic compounds 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 Hrs 100
Advanced Organic 3
MPC202T Chemistry -II 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 Hrs 100
MPC203T Computer Aided Drug Deisgn 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3Hrs 100
MPC204T Advanced Medicinal Chemistry & 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3Hrs 100

Screening Methods
MPC205P Advanced Organic Chemistry 25 3hrs 25 75 4hrs 100
MPC206P Advanced Medicinal Chemistry -II 25 3hrs 25 75 4hrs 100
- Seminar 100 - - - 3Hrs 100
/Assignment
Total 700
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Table No: 19- Schemes for Internal Assessment and End Semester (Pharmaceutical
Analysis-MPA)
End Semester
Internal Assessment Exams
Course Code Course Total
Contin uous Sessional
Marks
Mode Exams Tot al Mark s Dura tion
Mark Durati
s on
SEMESTER I
Modern Pharmaceuti
MPA101T cal Analytical Techniques 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Advanced Pharmaceuti
MPA102T cal Analysis-I 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Pharmaceuti
MPA103T Cal Validation 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MPA104T Food Analysis 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Modern Pharmaceutical 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100

MPA105P Analytical Techniques
MPA106P Pharmaceuti 25 3Hrs 25 75 4Hrs 100
cal Analysis-I
- Seminar 100 - - - 3Hrs 100
/Assignment
Total 700
SEMESTER II
Advanced Instrumental
MPA201T Analysis 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Modern Bio- Analytical
MPA202T Techniques 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Quality Control and
MPA203T Quality Assurance 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Advanced Pharmaceutical
MPA204T Analysis -II 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Advanced Instrumental Analysis-I
MPA205P 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100
MPA206P Advanced Pharmaceuti cal 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100
Analysis-II
- Seminar 100 - - - 3Hrs 100
/Assignment
Total 700
18
Quality Assurance-MQA)
End Semester
Internal Assessment Exams
Cours e Course Total
Code Sessional T Marks
Exams ot al Mar ks Dura
Mar Durati tion
ks On
SEMESTER I
MQA1 01T Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Techniques
MQA1 Quality Management System 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
02T
MQA1 Quality Control and Quality 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
03T Assurance
MQA1 04T Product Development and
Technology Transfer 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MQA1 05P Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance

Practical I 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100
MQA1 06P Pharmaceutical QualityAssurance 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100
Practical -II Assurance Pract
- Seminar 100 - - - 3Hrs 100

/Assignment
Total 700
SEMESTER II
MQA2 Hazards and Safety Management 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
01T
MQA2 Pharmaceutical Validation 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
02T
MQA2 03T Audits and
Regulatory Compliance 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MQA2 04T Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Technology 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MQA2 05P Pharmaceutical Quality

Assurance Practical III 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100
MQA2 06P Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance 25 3Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100

Practical IV
Seminar /Assignment 100 3Hrs 100
Total 700
19
Regulatory Affairs-MPA)
Course Code Course Internal Assessment End Semester Total
Exams Marks
Sessional
Exams Tot al Mar ks Dura tion
Mar ks Durati
on
SEMESTER I
MRA10 1T Good Pharmaceutical Practices
25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MRA10 2T Documentation and Regulatory Writing
25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MRA10 3T Clinical Research Regulations
25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MRA10 4T Regulations and Legislation 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100for
Drugs & Cosmetics, Medical Devices,
Biologicals & Herbals, and Food&
Nutraceuticals In India and Intellectual
Property Rights
MRA10 5T Pharmaceutical Regulatory
Affairs Practical I 25 3Hrs 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MRA10 6T Pharmaceutical Regulatory 25 3Hrs 25 75 3Hrs 100
Affairs Practical II
- Seminar 100 - - - 3Hrs 100

/Assignment
Total 700
Semester-II
MRA20 Regulatory Aspects of Drugs & 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3Hrs 100
1T Cosmetics
Regulatory Aspects of 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MRA20 Herbal& Biologicals
2T
MRA20 Regulatory Aspects of Medical Devices
3T 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MRA20 Regulatory Aspects of Food & 25 1.30 Hr

4T Nutraceuticals 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs
MRA20 5P Practical III 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100
MRA20 6P Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs
Practical IV 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4Hrs 100
Seminar 100 3Hrs 100
/Assignment
Total 700
20
Table No: 22- Schemes for Internal Assessment and End Semester (Pharmacy Practice-MPP)
End
Internal Assessment Semester Tot al Mar
Cours e Course Exams ks
Code Sessional Exams
Mar ks Dur Tot al Mar Durati
atio ks on
n
SEMESTER I
MPP10 1T Clinical Pharmacy Practice 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100 Pharmacy Practic
MPP10 2T Pharmacotherapeutics-I 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MPP10 3T Hospital& Community Pharmacy 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MPP10 4T Clinical Research 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100

MPP10 5P Pharmacy Practice-I Practical -II 25 3 25 75 4 Hrs 100 Practice Practical
Hrs
MPP10 6P Pharmacy Practice-II Practical -II 25 3Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100 Practice Practical
- Seminar /Assignment 100 - - - 3Hrs 100
Total 700
SEMESTER II
MPP20 1T Principles of Quality Use of 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Medicines
MPP20 2T Pharmacotherapeutics II 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and 1.30 Hr
MPP20 3T Therapeutic Drug 25 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Monitoring
MPP20 4T Pharmacoepidemiology& 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Pharmacoeconomics
MPP20 5P Pharmacy Practice-I Practical -III 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100 Practice Practic
MPP20 6P Pharmacy Practice-II Practical -IV 25 3Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100 Practice Practic
- Seminar /Assignment 100 - - - 3Hrs 100
-
Total 700
21
Table No: 23- Schemes for Internal Assessment and End Semester (Pharmacology-MPL)
Course Exams Tot al Mar ks
Code Course Sessional
Exams Tot al Mar ks Durati on
Mar ks Durati on
SEMESTER I
Modern Pharmaceutical
MPL10 1T Analytical Techniques 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MPL10 2T Advanced Pharmacology-I 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Pharmacological and 25 1.30 Hr
MPL10 3T Toxicological Screening 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Methods-I
MPL10 4T Cellular and Molecular 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Pharmacology and Molecular P
MPL10 5P Pharmacology - I 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100
MPL10 6P Pharmacology - II 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100
- Seminar 100 - - - 3Hrs 100
/Assignment
-
Total 700
SEMESTER II
MPL20 1T Advanced Pharmacology II 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Pharmacological and
MPL10 2T Toxicological Screening 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Methods-II
MPL20 3T Principles of Drug Discovery 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100 of Drug Discov
Clinical research and 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MPL20 4T pharmacovigilance
MPL20 5P Pharmacology -III 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4Hrs 100
MPL20 6P Pharmacology -IV 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4Hrs 100
- Seminar 100 - - - 3Hrs 100

/Assignment
Total 700
22
Table No: 24- Schemes for Internal Assessment and End Semester (Pharmacognosy-MPG)
Course Exams Tota l
Code Course Sessional Mar ks
Exams Tot al Mar ks Durati on
Mar ks Durati on
SEMESTER I
MPG10 1T ModernPharmaceutical 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MPG10 2T Advanced Pharmacognosy-1 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MPG10 3T Phytochemistry 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100

Industrial Pharmacognostical
MPG10 4T Technology 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MPG10 5P Advanced Pharmacognosy-I 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100
MPG10 6P Phytochemistry 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100
- Seminar 100 - - - 3Hrs 100

/Assignment
Total 700
SEMESTER II
MPG20 1T Advanced Pharmacognosy-II 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MPG10 2T Indian System of Medicine 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
MPG20 3T Herbal cosmetics 25 1 .30Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100

MPG20 4T Clinical Research and 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Pharmacovigilence
MPG20 5P Advanced Pharmacognosy-II 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100
MPG20 6P Herbal Cosmetics 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4Hrs 100
- Seminar/Assignment 100 - - - 3Hrs 100
-
Total 700
23
Tables – 25: Schemes for internal assessments and end semester examinations (Semester III& IV)
Internal Assessment End Semester Tota l
Exams Mark s
Course Course Sessional Exams
Code Tot al Mark s Durati on
Mark s Durati on
SEMESTER III
MRM30 1T Research
Methodology and 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100
Biostatistics
- Journal club - - 25 - - 25
Discussion /
- Presentation - - 50 - - 50
(Proposal
Presentation)
- Research work - - - 250 4 Hr 250
Total 425
SEMESTER IV
- Journal club - - - 25 - - 25
Discussion /
- Presentation - - - 75 - - 75
(Proposal
Presentation)
- Research work and - - - - 400 4 Hr 400
Colloquium
Total 500
Table – 26: Guidelines for the allotment of marks for attendance

Percentage of Attendance Theory Practical
95 – 100 8 10
90 – 94 6 7.5
85 – 89 4 5
80 – 84 2 2.5
Less than 80 0 0
24
11.2.1. Sessional Exams
Two sessional exams shall be conducted for each theory / practical course as per the schedule
fixed by the college(s). The scheme of question paper for theory and practical sessional
examinations is given in the table. The average marks of two sessional exams shall be computed
for internal assessment as per the requirements given in tables.
12. Promotion and Award of grades
A student shall be declared PASS and eligible for getting grade in a course of
M.Pharm.programme if he/she secures at least 50% marks in that particular courseincluding
internal assessment
13. Carry Forward of Marks
In case a student fails to secure the minimum 50% in any Theory or Practical course as specified
in 12, then he/she shall reappear for the end semester examination of that course. However
his/her marks of the Internal Assessment shall be carried over and he/she shall be entitled for
grade obtained by him/her on passing.
14. Improvement of Internal Assessment
A student shall have the opportunity to improve his/her performance only once in the sessional
exam component of the internal assessment. The re-conduct of the sessional exam shall be
completed before the commencement of next end semester theory examinations.
15. Re –Examination of End Semester Examinations
Reexamination of end semester examination shall be conducted as per the schedule given in table
28. The exact dates of examinations shall be notified from time to time.
Table – 27: Tentative schedule of end semester examinations

Semester For Regular For Failed Candidates
Candidates
I and III November / May / June
December
II and IV May / June November / December
16. Allowed to Keep Terms (ATKT):

No student shall be admitted to any examination unless he/she fulfills the norms given in 6.
ATKT rules are applicable as follows:
A student shall be eligible to get his/her CGPA upon successful completion of the courses of I to
IV semesters.
Note: Grade AB should be considered as failed and treated as one head for deciding ATKT. Such
rules are also applicable for those students who fail to register for examination(s) of any course
in any semester.
25
17. Grading of Performance
Letter grades and grade points allocations:
Based on the performances, each student shall be awarded a final letter grade at the end of the
semester for each course.The letter grades and their corresponding grade points are given in
Table – 28.
Table – 28: Letter grades and grade points equivalent to Percentage of marks and
performances
Percentage of Letter Grade Grade Point Performance
Marks Obtained
90.00 – 100 O 10 Outstanding
80.00 – 89.99 A 9 Excellent
70.00 – 79.99 B 8 Good
60.00 – 69.99 C 7 Fair
50.00 – 59.99 D 6 Average
Less than 50 F 0 Fail
Absent AB 0 Fail
A learner who remains absent for any end semester examination shall be assigned a letter grade
of AB and a corresponding grade point of zero. He/she should reappear for the said
evaluation/examination in due course.
18. The Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA):
The performance of a student in a semester is indicated by a number called ‘Semester Grade
Point Average’ (SGPA). The SGPA is the weighted average of the grade points obtainedin all the
courses by the student during the semester. For example, if a student takes five courses
(Theory/Practical) in a semester with credits C1, C2, C3 and C4 and the student’s grade points in
these courses are G1, G2, G3 and G4, respectively, and then students’ SGPA is equal to:
SGPA = C1G1 + C2G2 + C3G3 + C4G4

C1 + C2 + C3 + C4
The SGPA is calculated to two decimal points. It should be noted that, the SGPA for any
semester shall take into consideration the F and ABS grade awarded in that semester. For
example if a learner has a F or ABS grade in course 4, theSGPA shall then be computed as:
SGPA = C1G1 + C2G2 + C3G3 + C4* ZERO

C1 + C2 + C3 + C4
26
19. Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA):
The CGPA is calculated with the SGPA of all the IV semesters to two decimal points and is
indicated in final grade report card/final transcript showing the grades of all IV semesters and
their courses. The CGPA shall reflect the failed statusin case of F grade(s), till the course(s)
is/are passed. When the course(s) is/are passedby obtaining a pass grade on subsequent
examination(s) the CGPA shall only reflect the new grade and not the fail grades earned earlier.
The CGPA is calculated as:
CGPA= C1S1 + C2S2 + C3S3 + C4S4

C1 + C2 + C3 + C4
where C1, C2, C3,…. is the total number of credits for semester I,II,III,…. and S1,S2, S3,….is the
SGPA of semester I,II,III,…. .
20. Declaration of Class
The class shall be awarded on the basis of CGPA as follows: First Class with Distinction =
CGPA of. 7.5 and above
First Class = CGPA of 6.00 to 7.49
Second Class = CGPA of 5.00 to 5.99
21. Project Work
All the students shall undertake a project under the supervision of a teacher in Semester III to IV
and submit a report. 4 copies of the project report shall be submitted (typed & bound copy not
less than 75 pages).
The internal and external examiner appointed by the University shall evaluate the project at the
time of the Practical examinations of other semester(s). The projects shall be evaluated as per the
criteria given below.
Evaluation of Dissertation Book:
Objective(s) of the work done 50 Marks
Methodology adopted 150 marks
Results and Discussions 250 Marks
Conclusions and Outcomes 50 Marks
Total 500 Marks
Evaluation of Presentation:
Presentation of work 100 Marks
Communication skills 50 Marks
Question and answer skills 100 Marks
Total 250 Marks
27
22. Award of Ranks:
Ranks and Medals shall be awarded on the basis of final CGPA. However, candidates who fail in
one or more courses during the M.Pharm program shall not be eligible for award of ranks.
Moreover, the candidates should have completed the M. Pharm program in minimum prescribed
number of years, (two years) for the award of Ranks
23. Duration of the completion of the Program of the study

The duration for the completion of the program shall be fixed as double the actual duration of the
program and the students have to pass within the said period, otherwise they have to get fresh
Registration.
24. Revaluation I Re totaling of answer papers
There is no provision for revaluation of the answer papers in any examination. However, the
candidates can apply for retotaling by paying prescribed fee.
25. Readmission after break of study

Candidate who seeks re-admission to the program after break of study has to get the approval
from the university by paying a condonation fee.
28
PHARMACEUTICS (MPH)
MODERN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
(MPH 101T) I SEMESTER
THEORY 60 HOURS
Scope
This subject deals with various advanced analytical instrumental techniques for identification,
characterization and quantification of drugs. Instruments dealt are Mass spectrometer, IR, HPLC,
GC etc.
Objectives
After completion of course student is able to know,

Chemicals and Excipients
The analysis of various drugs in single and combination dosage forms
Theoretical and practical skills of the instruments
UNIT- I 10HRS
a. UV-Visible spectroscopy: Introduction, Theory, Laws, Instrumentation associated with
UV-Visible spectroscopy, Choice of solvents and solvent effect and Applications of UV-
Visible spectroscopy.
b. IR spectroscopy: Theory, Modes of Molecular vibrations, Sample handling,

Instrumentation of Dispersive and Fourier - Transform IR Spectrometer, Factors affecting
vibrational frequencies and Applications of IR spectroscopy
c. Spectroflourimetry: Theory of Fluorescence, Factors affecting fluorescence, Quenchers,

Instrumentation and Applications of fluorescence spectrophotometer.
UNIT- II 8HRS
Mass Spectroscopy: Principle, Theory, Instrumentation of Mass Spectroscopy, Different types
of ionization like electron impact, chemical, field, FAB and MALDI, APCI, ESI, APPI
Analyzers of Quadrupole and Time of Flight, Mass fragmentation and its rules,
Meta stable ions, Isotopic peaks and Applications of Mass spectroscopy.
UNIT- III 12 HRS

Chromatography: Principle, apparatus, instrumentation, chromatographic parameters, factors
affecting resolution and applications of the following:
a) Paper chromatography b) Thin Layer chromatography c) Ion exchange chromatography d)
Column chromatography e) Gas chromatography f) High Performance Liquid
chromatography g) Affinity chromatography
29
UNIT- IV 10 HRS
. Electrophoresis: Principle, Instrumentation, Working conditions, factors affecting separation
and applications of the following:
a) Paper electrophoresis b) Gel electrophoresis c) Capillary electrophoresis d) Zone
electrophoresis e) Moving boundary electrophoresis f) Iso electric focusing
UNIT- V 10 HRS
a) Immunological assays: RIA (Radio immuno assay), ELISA, Bioluminescence assays.
b) Thermal techniques: DSC, DTA, TGA, Principle, Instrumentation, factors affecting,
advantages and disadvantages and Pharmaceutical applications.
UNIT- VI 8 HRS
NMR Spectroscopy: Quantum numbers and their role in NMR, Principle, instrumentation,
solvent requirements in NMR, Relaxation process, NMR signals in various compounds. Brief
outline of FT-NMR and C13 NMR, applications of NMR Spectroscopy.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Spectrometric Identification of Organic compounds - Robert M Silverstein, Sixth edition, John

Wiley & Sons, 2004.
2. Principles of Instrumental Analysis - Doglas A Skoog, F. James Holler, Timothy A. Nieman,
5th edition, Eastern press, Bangalore, 1998.
3. Instrumental methods of analysis – Willards, 7th edition, CBS publishers.
4. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Beckett and Stenlake, Vol II, 4th edition, CBS
Publishers, New Delhi, 1997.
5. Organic Spectroscopy - William Kemp, 3rd edition, ELBS, 1991.
6. Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical formulation - P D Sethi, 3rd Edition, CBS
7. Pharmaceutical Analysis- Modern methods – Part B - J W Munson, Volume 11, Marcel
Dekker Series
30
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
(MPH 102T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
SCOPE
This course is designed to impart knowledge on the area of advances in novel drug delivery
systems.
OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of the course, student shall be able to understand
The various approaches for development of novel drug delivery systems.
The criteria for selection of drugs and polymers for the development of delivering system
The formulation and evaluation of Novel drug delivery systems..
UNIT- I 9 Hrs
Sustained Release (SR) and Controlled Release (CR) formulations: Introduction & basic
concepts, advantages/disadvantages, factors influencing, Physicochemical & biological
approaches for SR/CR formulation, Mechanism of Drug Delivery from SR/CR formulation
computation of desired release rate and dose for controlled release DDS, pharmacokinetic
design for DDS – intermittent, zero order & first order release.
UNIT- II 9 Hrs
Carriers for Drug Delivery: Polymers / co-polymers introduction, classification,
characterization, polymerization techniques, application in CDDS / NDDS, biodegradable &
natural polymers.
UNIT- III 9Hrs

Rate Controlled Drug Delivery Systems: Types, Activation; Modulated Drug Delivery
Systems; Mechanically activated, pH activated, Enzyme activated, and Osmotic activated
Drug Delivery Systems Feedback regulated Drug Delivery Systems; Principles &
Fundamentals .
UNIT- IV 9 Hrs
Study of Various DDS: Concepts, design, formulation & evaluation of controlled release oral
DDS, GRDDS, Mucoadhesive and buccal DDS, colon specific, liquid sustained release
systems, Ocular delivery systems.
UNIT- V 9 Hrs
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Structure of skin and barriers, Penetration enhancers,
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems, Formulation and evaluation.
UNIT- VI 9 Hrs
Protein and Peptide Delivery: Barriers for protein delivery. Formulation and Evaluation of
delivery systems of proteins and other macromolecules.
31
UNIT- VII 9 Hrs
Personalized Medicine: Introduction, Definition, Pharmacogenetics, Categories of Patients
for Personalized Medicines, Customized drug delivery systems, Bioelectronic Medicines, 3D
printing of pharmaceuticals, Telepharmacy. 6 Hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Y W. Chien, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, 2nd edition, revised and expanded, Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York, 1992.
2. Robinson, J. R., Lee V. H. L, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Marcel Dekker,Inc., New
York, 1992.
3. Encyclopedia of controlled delivery, Editor- Edith Mathiowitz, Published by Wiley
Interscience Publication, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York! Chichester/Weinheim
4. N.K. Jain, Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi,
First edition 1997 (reprint in 2001).
5. S.P.Vyas and R.K.Khar, Controlled Drug Delivery - concepts and advances, Vallabh
Prakashan, New Delhi, First edition 2002
JOURNALS
1. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPA)
2. Indian drugs (IDMA)
3. Journal of controlled release (Elsevier Sciences) desirable
4. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy (Marcel & Decker) desirable
32
MODERN PHARMACEUTICS
(MPH 103T)
THEORY 60 HRS
Scope
Course designed to impart advanced knowledge and skills required to learn various aspects and
concepts at pharmaceutical industries.
Objectives
Upon completion of the course, student shall be able to understand

The elements of preformulation studies.
The Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Generic drug Product development
Industrial Management and GMP Considerations.
Optimization Techniques & Pilot Plant Scale Up Techniques
Stability Testing, sterilization process & packaging of dosage forms.
UNIT- I 14 Hrs
a. Preformulation Concepts – Drug Excipient interactions - different methods, kinetics of
stability, Stability testing. Theories of dispersion and pharmaceutical Dispersion (Emulsion
and Suspension, SMEDDS) preparation and stability. Large and small volume parental –
physiological and formulation consideration, Manufacturing and evaluation.
b. Optimization techniques in Pharmaceutical Formulation: Concept and parameters of

optimization, Optimization techniques in pharmaceutical formulation and processing.
Statistical design, Response surface method, Contour designs, Factorial designs and
application in formulation
UNIT- II 10Hrs
Validation : Introduction to Pharmaceutical Validation, Scope & merits and types of
Validation, Validation and calibration of Master plan, ICH & WHO guidelines for calibration
and validation of equipments(Tablet machine, Coating pan, auto clave, FBD, aseptic room),
Validation of specific dosage form (solids and liquid). Government regulation, Manufacturing
Process Model, DQ, IQ, OQ & PQ of facilities.
UNIT- III 10Hrs

cGMP & Industrial Management: Objectives and policies of current good manufacturing
practices, layout of buildings, services, equipments and their maintenance. Production
management: Production organization, materials management, handling and transportation,
inventory management and control, production planning and control, Sales forecasting,
budget and cost control, industrial and personal relationship. Concept of Total Quality
Management.
33
UNIT- IV 10Hrs
Compression, compaction and consolidation: Physics of tablet compression, Basic principles
of interaction, compression and consolidation, effect of load, friction, distribution of forces in
compaction, force volume relationship, Heckel plots, compaction profile, measurement of
compression with strain gauge.
UNIT- V 10Hrs
Dissolution testing: study of factors influencing dissolution, Dissolution data analysis
mathematical models of drug release (Higuchi and Peppas)
UNIT- VI 6Hrs
Linearity (Regression) Concept of significance, Standard deviation, standard error Chi square
test, students T-test , ANOVA( one way and two way) test and P value.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy By Lachmann and Libermann

2. Pharmaceutical dosage forms: Tablets Vol. 1-3 by Leon Lachmann.
3. Pharmaceutical Dosage forms: Disperse systems, Vol, 1-2; By Leon Lachmann.
4. Pharmaceutical Dosage forms: Parenteral medications Vol. 1-2; By Leon Lachmann.
5. Modern Pharmaceutics; By Gillbert and S. Banker.
6. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.
7. Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 1-5; By H.S. Bean & A.H. Beckett.
8. Physical Pharmacy; By Alfred martin
9. Bentley’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics – by Rawlins.
10. Good manufacturing practices for Pharmaceuticals: A plan for total quality control, Second
edition; By Sidney H. Willig.
11. Quality Assurance Guide; By Organization of Pharmaceutical producers of India.
12. Drug formulation manual; By D.P.S. Kohli and D.H.Shah. Eastern publishers, New Delhi.
13. How to practice GMPs; By P.P.Sharma. Vandhana Publications, Agra.
14. Pharmaceutical Process Validation; By Fra. R. Berry and Robert A. Nash.
15. Pharmaceutical Preformulations; By J.J. Wells.
16. Applied production and operations management; By Evans, Anderson, Sweeney and
Williams.
17. Encyclopaedia of Pharmaceutical technology, Vol I – III.
34
IPR AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS
(MPH 104T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope
Course designed to impart advanced knowledge and skills required to learn the concept of
generic drug and their development, various regulatory filings in different countries, different
phases of clinical trials and submitting regulatory documents: filing process of IND, NDA and
ANDA
To know the approval process
To know the chemistry, manufacturing controls and their regulatory importance
To learn the documentation requirements
To learn the importance
Objectives:
Upon completion of the course, it is expected that the students will be able to understand
The Concepts of innovator and generic drugs, drug development Process
The Regulatory guidance’s and guidelines for filing and approval process
Preparation of Dossiers and their submission to regulatory agencies in different countries
Post approval regulatory requirements for actives and drug products
Submission of global documents in CTD/ eCTD formats
Clinical trials requirements for approvals for conducting clinical trials
Pharmacovigilence and process of monitoring in clinical trials.
UNIT- I 10Hrs
Drug product development: Active pharmaceutical ingredients, drug master file(DMF) and
impurities. Generic product development: Introduction, Hatch-Waxman act and amendments,
GUDUFA, ANDA (505j), ANDA approval process. New drug application (505B1 and 505B2).
NDA approval process including IND. Scale up and post approval changes
(SUPAC).Bioequivalence and Bioavailability, different types of studies for drug product
approval.
UNIT- II 10Hrs
ICH- Guidelines of ICH – Q7 to Q11, M9. Clinical Trials. HIPPA – new, requirements to
clinical study process, Parmacovigilance safety monitoring in clinical trials.
UNIT- III 10Hrs

ANDA for generic drugs ways and means of US registration for foreign drugs. CMC, Post
approval regulatory affairs. Regulation for combination products, medical devices & Biosimilars.
UNIT- IV 10Hrs
Brief introduction to CDSCO, WHO, USFDA, EMEA, TGA, MHRA, MCC, ANVISA.
35
UNIT- V 10Hrs
Definitions, Need for Patenting, Types of Patents, Conditions to be satisfied by an invention
to be Patentable, introduction to patent and patent search. Parts of Patent. Filing of patents.
The essential elements of patent. Guidelines for preparation of laboratory notebook, Non-
obviousness in patent.
UNIT- VI 10Hrs
Copy right, Trademark, Geographical indication acts, Patent litigation, 180 days market
exclusivity and Doctrine of equivalents.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Generic Drug Product Development, Solid Oral Dosage forms, Leon Shargel and
IsaderKaufer,Marcel Dekker series, Vol.143
2. The Pharmaceutical Regulatory Process, Second Edition Edited by Ira R. Berry and Robert
P.Martin, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences,Vol.185,
Informa Health care Publishers.
3. New Drug Approval Process: Accelerating Global Registrations By Richard A Guarino,
MD,5th edition, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences,Vol.190.
4. Guidebook for drug regulatory submissions / Sandy Weinberg. By John Wiley & Sons.Inc.
5. FDA regulatory affairs: a guide for prescription drugs, medical devices, and biologics/edited
By Douglas J. Pisano, David Mantus.
6. Clinical Trials and Human Research: A Practical Guide to Regulatory Compliance By Fay
A.Rozovsky and Rodney K. Adams
7. www.ich.org/
8. www.fda.gov/
9. europa.eu/index_en.htm
10. https://www.tga.gov.au/tga-basics
36
MODERN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES PRACTICALS
(MPH 105P)
1. Analysis of pharmacopoeial compounds and their formulations by UV Vis spectrophotometer

(Minimum 4 Experiments)
2. Simultaneous estimation of multi component containing formulations by UV/HPLC
spectrophotometry (Minimum 4 Experiments)
3. Experiments based on HPLC
4. Experiments based on Gas Chromatography
5. Estimation of riboflavin/quinine sulphate by fluorimetry
6. Estimation of sodium/potassium by flame photometry
PHARMACEUTICS- I PRACTICALS (MPH 106P)
1. To carry out preformulation studies of drugs, effect of surfactants and pH on the solubility of
drugs, compatibility evaluation of drugs and excipients by DSC and FTIR .
2. Formulation and evaluation of SR/CR Tablets and compare In-Vitro dissolution profile of
SR/CR Marketed formulation.
3. Formulation and evaluation osmotically controlled DDS
4. Preparation and evaluation of Floating DDS- hydro dynamically balanced DDS
5. Formulation and evaluation of Mucoadhesive tablets.
6. Formulation and evaluation of transdermal patches.
7. Stability studies of drugs in solutions and solid dosage forms according to ICH guidelines.
8. To study the effect of compressional force, particle size and binders on tablets disintegration
time and dissolution of a tablet.
9. To study Micromeritic properties of powders and granulation.
10. Analysis of drug release from CR tablets, Higuchi, Peppas plot, zero order. Similarity factor
determination
11. Preparation and evaluation of different polymeric membranes.
12. Validation of Tablet machine, coating pan, dryers, autoclave
37
SEMESTER-II
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS (MPH 201T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope
This course is designed to impart knowledge and skills necessary for dose calculations, dose
adjustments and to apply biopharmaceutics theories in practical problem solving. Basic
theoretical discussions of the principles of biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics are provided
to help the students’ to clarify the concepts.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course it is expected that students will be able understand,
The basic concepts in biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics.
The use raw data and derive the pharmacokinetic models and parameters the best describe the
process of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination.
The critical evaluation of biopharmaceutic studies involving drug product equivalency.
The design and evaluation of dosage regimens of the drugs using pharmacokinetic and
biopharmaceutic parameters.
The potential clinical pharmacokinetic problems and application of basics of pharmacokinetic
UNIT- I 10Hrs
Drug Absorption from the Gastrointestinal Tract: Gastrointestinal tract, Mechanism of drug
absorption, Factors affecting drug absorption, pH–partition theory of drug absorption.
Formulation and physicochemical factors: Dissolution rate, Dissolution process, Noyes–Whitney
equation and drug dissolution, Factors affecting the dissolution rate. Gastrointestinal absorption:
role of the dosage form: Solution (elixir, syrup and solution) as a dosage form ,Suspension as a
dosage form, Capsule as a dosage form, Tablet as a dosage form ,Dissolution methods
,Formulation and processing factors, Correlation of in vivo data with in vitro dissolution data.
Transport model: Permeability-Solubility-Charge State and the pH Partition Hypothesis,
Properties of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT), pH Microclimate Intracellular pH Environment,
Tight-Junction Complex.
UNIT- II 10Hrs
Biopharmaceutic considerations in drug product design and In Vitro Performance: Introduction,
biopharmaceutic factors affecting drug bioavailability, rate-limiting steps in drug absorption,
physicochemical nature of the drug, formulation factors affecting drug product performance, in
vitro: dissolution and drug release testing, compendial methods of dissolution, alternative
methods of dissolution testing, meeting dissolution requirements, problems of variable control in
dissolution testing performance of drug products. In vitro–in vivo correlation, dissolution profile
comparisons.
38
UNIT- III 10Hrs
Pharmacokinetics: Basic considerations, pharmacokinetic models, compartment modeling:
one compartment model- IV bolus, IV infusion, extra-vascular. Multi compartment model:
two compartment - model in brief.
UNIT- IV 10Hrs
Non-linear pharmacokinetics: cause of non-linearity, Michaelis – Menten equation,
estimation of Kmax and Vmax. Noncompartmental Pharmacokinetics- statistical moment
theory and physiological pharmacokinetic model. Altered pharmacokinetics in renal and
hepatic diseases. Drug interactions: introduction, the effect of protein binding on interactions,
the effect of tissue-binding on interactions, cytochrome p450-based drug interactions, and
drug interactions linked to transporters.
UNIT- V 10Hrs
Drug Product Performance, In Vivo: Bioavailability and Bioequivalence: drug product
performance, purpose of bioavailability studies, relative and absolute availability. Methods
for assessing bioavailability, bioequivalence studies, design and evaluation of bioequivalence
studies, study designs, crossover study designs, evaluation of the data, bioequivalence
example, study submission and drug review process. Biopharmaceutics classification system,
methods. Permeability: In-vitro, in-situ and In-vivo methods. generic biologics (biosimilar
drug products),clinical significance of bioequivalence studies, special concerns in
bioavailability and bioequivalence studies, generic substitution.
UNIT- VI 10Hrs
Application of Pharmacokinetics: Chrono Pharmacokinetics, Modified-Release Drug
Products, Targeted Drug Delivery Systems and Biotechnological Products. Introduction to
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of biotechnology drugs Proteins and peptides,
Monoclonal antibodies, Oligonucleotides, Vaccines (immunotherapy),Gene therapies.10 Hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics by Milo Gibaldi, 4 th edition,Philadelphia,
Lea and Febiger, 1991
2. Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, A. Treatise, D .M. Brahmankar and Sunil B.
Jaiswal., VallabPrakashan, Pitampura, Delhi
3. Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics by Shargel. Land YuABC, 2ndedition,
Connecticut Appleton Century Crofts, 1985
4. Textbook of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Dr. Shobha Rani R. Hiremath,Prism
Book
5. Pharmacokinetics by Milo Gibaldi and D. Perrier, 2nd edition, Marcel Dekker Inc.,New
York, 1982
6. Current Concepts in Pharmaceutical Sciences: Biopharmaceutics, Swarbrick. J, Leaand
Febiger, Philadelphia, 1970
39
7. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Concepts and Applications 3rd edition by MalcolmRowland and
Thom~ N. Tozer, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1995
8. Dissolution, Bioavailability and Bioequivalence, Abdou. H.M, Mack PublishingCompany,
Pennsylvania 1989
9. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics, An Introduction, 4th edition,revised and
expande by Robert. E. Notari, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York and Basel,1987.
10. Biopharmaceutics and Relevant Pharmacokinetics by John. G Wagner and M.Pemarowski,
1st edition, Drug Intelligence Publications, Hamilton, Illinois, 1971.
11. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, Vol 13, James Swarbrick, James. G.Boylan,
Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 1996.
12. Basic Pharmacokinetics,1 st edition,Sunil S JambhekarandPhilip J Breen,pharmaceutical
press, RPS Publishing,2009.
13. Absorption and Drug Development- Solubility, Permeability, and Charge State, Alex Avdeef,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc,2003.
40
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS (NANO TECHNOLOGY &
TARGETED DDS) (NTDS)
(MPH 202T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope
This course is designed to impart knowledge on the area of advances in novel drug delivery
systems.
Objectives
Upon completion of the course student shall be able to understand
The various approaches for development of novel drug delivery systems.
The criteria for selection of drugs and polymers for the development of NTDS
The formulation and evaluation of novel drug delivery systems.
UNIT- I 9Hrs
Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Concepts, Events and biological process involved in drug
targeting. Tumor targeting and Brain specific delivery.
UNIT- II 9Hrs
Targeting Methods: introduction, types, preparation and evaluation of Nano Particles &
Liposomes
.
UNIT- III 9Hrs
Micro Capsules / Micro Spheres: Types, preparation and evaluation, Monoclonal Antibodies;
preparation and application, preparation and application of Niosomes, Aquasomes, Phytosomes,
Electrosomes.
UNIT- IV 9Hrs
Pulmonary Drug Delivery Systems: Aerosols, propellents, Containers Types, preparation and
evaluation, Intra Nasal Route Delivery systems; Types, preparation and evaluation.
UNIT- V 9Hrs
Nucleic acid based therapeutic delivery system: Gene therapy, introduction (ex-vivo & in-
vivo gene therapy). Potential target diseases for gene therapy (inherited disorder and cancer).
Gene expression systems (viral and nonviral gene transfer). Liposomal gene delivery
systems. Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics. Knowledge of therapeutic antisense
molecules and aptamers as drugs of future.
UNIT- VI 8Hrs
Vaccine delivery systems: Vaccines, uptake of antigens, single shot vaccines, mucosal and
transdermal delivery of vaccines.
41
UNIT- VII 7Hrs
Study of commercial formulations DOXIL, RISPERDAL CONSTA, LUPRON DEPOT,
INVEGA SUSTENNA, and LANCOME.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Y W. Chien, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, 2nd edition, revised and expanded,Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York, 1992.
2. S.P.Vyas and R.K.Khar, Controlled Drug Delivery - concepts and advances,
VallabhPrakashan, New Delhi, First edition 2002.
3. N.K. Jain, Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery, CBS Publishers & Distributors, NewDelhi,
First edition 1997 (reprint in 2001).
42
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
(MPH 203T)
THEORY 60 HRS
Scope
This course is designed to impart knowledge and skills necessary to train the students to be on
par with the routine of Industrial activities in Production
Objectives
On completion of this course it is expected that students will be able to understand,
Handle the scheduled activities in a Pharmaceutical firm.
Manage the production of large batches of pharmaceutical formulations.
UNIT- I 10Hrs
a) Improved Tablet Production: Tablet production process, unit operation improvements,
granulation and pelletization equipments, continuous and batch mixing, rapid mixing
granulators, rota granulators, spheronizers and marumerisers, and other specialized
granulation and drying equipments. Problems encountered.
b) Coating Technology: Process, equipments, particle coating, fluidized bed coating,
application techniques. Problems encountered.
UNIT- II 9Hrs
Parenteral Production: Plant layout, design area planning & environmental control, wall and
floor treatment, fixtures and machineries, change rooms, personnel flow, utilities & utilities
equipment location, engineering and maintenance.
UNIT- III 9Hrs

Lyophilization & Spray drying Technology: Principles, process, freeze-drying and spray
drying equipments.
UNIT- IV 9Hrs
Capsule Production: Production process, advances in capsule manufacturing and filling
machines for hard and soft gelatin capsules. Layout and problems encountered.
UNIT- V 9Hrs
Disperse Systems Production: Production processes, applications of mixers, mills, disperse
equipments including fine solids dispersion, problems encountered.
UNIT- VI 7Hrs
Packaging Technology: Types of packaging materials, machinery (strip and blister), labeling,
package printing for different dosage forms.
43
UNIT- VII 7Hrs
Air Handling Systems: Study of AHUs, humidity & temperature control, air filtration
systems, dust collectors. Water Treatment Process: Techniques and maintenance – RO, DM,
ultra – filtration, WFI.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. The Theory & Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, L. Lachman, Varghese Publ, Bombay.
2. Modern Pharmaceutics by Banker, Vol 72, Marcel Dekker, NY.
3. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Vol 1, 2, 3 by Lachman, Lieberman, Marcel Dekker, NY.
4. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Parentral medications, Vol 1, 2 by K.E. Avis, Marcel Dekker,
NY.
5. Pharmaceutical Production Facilities, design and applications, by G.C. Cole, Taylor and
Francis.
6. Dispersed System Vol 1, 2, 3 by Lachman, Lieberman, Marcel Dekker, NY.
7. Product design and testing of polymeric materials by N.P. Chezerisionoff.
8. Pharmaceutical Project Management, T.Kennedy, Vol 86, Marcel Dekker, NY.
9. Packaging Pharmaceutical and Health Care, H.Lockhard.
10. Quality Control of Packaging Materials in Pharmaceutical Industy, .Kharburn, Marcel
Dekker, NY.
11. Freeze drying / Lyophilization of Pharmaceuticals & Biological Products, L. Ray, Vol 96,
Marcel Dekker, NY.
12. Tablet Machine Instrumentation In Pharmaceuticals, PR Watt, Ellis Horwoods, UK.
44
COSMETICS AND COSMECEUTICALS
(MPH 204T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope
This course is designed to impart knowledge and skills necessary for the fundamental need for
cosmetic and cosmeceutical products.
Objectives
Upon completion of the course, the students shall be able to understand
Key ingredients used in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals.
Key building blocks for various formulations.
Current technologies in the market
Various key ingredients and basic science to develop cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
Scientific knowledge to develop cosmetics and cosmeceuticals with desired Safety, stability,
and efficacy.
UNIT- I 10Hrs
Cosmetics – Regulatory: Definition of cosmetic products as per Indian regulation. Indian
regulatory requirements for labeling of cosmetics Regulatory provisions relating to import of
cosmetics. Misbranded and spurious cosmetics. Regulatory provisions relating to
manufacture of cosmetics – Conditions for obtaining license, prohibition of manufacture and
sale of certain cosmetics, loan license, offences and penalties.
UNIT- II 10Hrs
Cosmetics - Biological aspects: Structure of skin relating to problems like dry skin, acne,
pigmentation, prickly heat, wrinkles and body odor. Structure of hair and hair growth cycle.
Common problems associated with oral cavity. Cleansing and care needs for face, eye lids,
lips, hands, feet, nail, scalp, neck, body and under-arm.
UNIT- III 10Hrs

Formulation Building blocks: Building blocks for different product formulations of
cosmetics/cosmeceuticals. Surfactants – Classification and application. Emollients,
rheological additives: classification and application. Antimicrobial used as preservatives,
their merits and demerits. Factors affecting microbial preservative efficacy. Building blocks
for formulation of a moisturizing cream, vanishing cream, cold cream, shampoo and
toothpaste. Soaps and syndet bars.
UNIT- IV 10Hrs
Perfumes; Classification of perfumes. Perfume ingredients listed as allergens in EU
regulation. Controversial ingredients: Parabens, formaldehyde liberators, dioxane.
45
UNIT- V 10Hrs
Design of cosmeceutical products: Sun protection, sunscreens classification and regulatory
aspects. Addressing dry skin, acne, pigmentation, prickly heat, wrinkles, body odor,
dandruff, dental cavities, bleeding gums, mouth odor and sensitive teeth through
cosmeceutical formulations.
UNIT- VI 10Hrs
Herbal Cosmetics: Herbal ingredients used in Hair care, skin care and oral care. Review of
guidelines for herbal cosmetics by private bodies like cosmos with respect to preservatives,
emollients, foaming agents, emulsifiers and rheology modifiers. Challenges in formulating
herbal cosmetics.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Harry’s Cosmeticology. 8th edition.

2. Poucher’sperfumecosmeticsandSoaps,10th edition.
3. Cosmetics - Formulation, Manufacture and quality control, PP.Sharma,4 th edition
4. Handbook of cosmetic science and Technology A.O.Barel, M.Paye and H.I. Maibach. 3 rd
edition
5. Cosmetic and Toiletries recent suppliers catalogue.
6. CTFA directory.
46
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS
PRACTICALS (MPH205P)
1. Improvement of dissolution characteristics of slightly soluble drug by Solid dispersion

technique.
2. Comparison of dissolution of two different marketed products /brands
3. Comparison of diffusion studies of two different marketed products /brands
4. Protein binding studies of a highly protein bound drug & poorly protein bound drug
5. Calculation of all Pharmacokinetic parameters from the I.V. Bolus Data.
6. Calculation of all Pharmacokinetic parameters from the Urinary Data of I.V. Bolus
Injection.
7. Calculation of all Pharmacokinetic parameters from the I.V. Infusion Data.
8. Calculation of all Pharmacokinetic parameters from the Extravascular Data – Residual
Method.
9. Calculation of all Pharmacokinetic parameters from the Extravascular Data – Wagner
Nelson method
10. Bioavailability studies of Paracetamol (Animal).
PHARMACEUTICS-II PRACTICALS (MPH206P)
1. Formulation and evaluation of tablets

2. Formulation and evaluation of capsules
3. Formulation and evaluation of injections
4. Formulation and evaluation of emulsion
5. Formulation and evaluation of suspension.
6. Formulation and evaluation of enteric coating tablets.
7. Preparation and evaluation of a freeze dried formulation.
8. Preparation and evaluation of a spray dried formulation.
9. To study the effect of temperature change , non solvent addition, incompatible polymer
addition in microcapsules preparation
10. Preparation and evaluation of Alginate beads
11. Formulation and evaluation of gelatin /albumin microspheres
12. Formulation and evaluation of liposomes/niosomes
13. Formulation and evaluation of spherules
14. To address Dry skin, acne, blemish, Wrinkles, bleeding gums and dandruff
15. Formulation and Evaluation of cosmetic products pertaining to skin, hair and teeth.
47
INDUSTRIALPHARMACY (MIP)
(MIP 101T)
THEORY 60 HOURS
Scope
GC etc.
Objectives

UNIT- I 10Hrs
a. UV-Visible spectroscopy: Introduction, Theory, Laws, Instrumentation associated with UV-
Visible spectroscopy, Choice of solvents and solvent effect and Applications of UV-Visible
spectroscopy.


UNIT- II 8Hrs
Mass Spectroscopy: Principle, Theory, Instrumentation of Mass Spectroscopy, Different types of
ionization like electron impact, chemical, field, FAB and MALDI, APCI, ESI, APPI
Meta stable ions, Isotopic peaks and Applications of Mass spectroscopy.
UNIT- III 12Hrs

chromatography g) Affinity chromatography.
48
UNIT- IV 12Hrs
Electrophoresis: Principle, Instrumentation, Working conditions, factors affecting separation and
applications of the following:
UNIT- V 10Hrs
a) Immunological assays: RIA (Radio immuno assay), ELISA, Bioluminescence assays.
UNIT- VI 8Hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:

Wiley & Sons, 2004.
Dekker Series
49
PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT
(MIP 102T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope
This course is designed to impart knowledge and skills necessary to train the students on par with
the routine of Industrial activities in R&D and F&D.
Objectives
On completion of this course it is expected that students will be able to understand-
The scheduled activities in a Pharmaceutical firm.
The pre formulation studies of pilot batches of pharmaceutical industry.
The significance of dissolution and product stability
UNIT- I 10Hrs
Preformulation Studies: Molecular optimization of APIs (drug substances), crystal morphology
and variations, powder flow, structure modification, drug-excipient compatibility studies,
methods for determination of incompatability.
UNIT- II 12Hrs
Formulation Additives: Study of different formulation additives, factors influencing their
incorporation, role of formulation development and processing, new developments in excipient
science. Design of experiments – factorial design for product and process development.
UNIT- III 12Hrs

Solubility: Importance, experimental determination, phase solubility analysis, pH-solubility
profile, solubilization techniques to improve solubility and utilization of analytical methods –
cosolvency, salt formation, complexation, solid state manipulation, micellar solubilization and
hydrotropy.
UNIT- IV 12Hrs
Dissolution: Theories, mechanisms of dissolution, in-vitro dissolution testing models – sink and
non-sink in dissolution. Factors influencing dissolution and intrinsic dissolution studies.
Dissolution test apparatus – designs, dissolution testing for conventional and controlled release
products. Data handling and correction factor in dissolution calculation. Biorelevent media, in-
vitro and in-vivo correlations, levels of correlations.
UNIT- V 12Hrs
Product Stability: Degradation kinetics, mechanisms, stability testing of drugs and
pharmaceuticals, factors influencing-media effects and pH effects, accelerated stability studies,
interpretation of kinetic data (API & tablets). Solid state stability and shelf life assignment.
Stability protocols, reports and ICH guidelines.
50
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Lachman L, Lieberman HA, Kanig JL. The Theory and Practice Of rd Industrial Pharmacy, 3
ed., Varghese Publishers, Mumbai 1991. th
2. Sinko PJ. Martin's physical pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 5 ed., B.I. Publications
Pvt. Ltd, Noida, 2006.
3. Lieberman HA, Lachman L, Schwartz JB. Pharmaceutical dosage forms: nd tablets Vol. I-III,
2 ed., CBS Publishers & distributors, New Delhi, 2005.
4. Conners KA. A Text book of pharmaceutical analysi Wells JI. Pharmaceutical preformulation:
The physicochemical properties of drug substances. Ellis Horwood Ltd., England, 1998.
5. Yalkowsky SH. Techniques of solubilization of drugs. Vol-12. Marcel Dekker Inc., New
York, 1981
6. Dressman J, Kramer J. Pharmaceutical dissolution testing. Saurah printer pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi,2005. rd
7. Sethi PD. Quantitative analysis of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations, 3 ed., CBS
publications, New Delhi, 2008. Rd
8. Carstensen JT, Rhodes CT. Drug stability principles and practices, 3 CBS Publishers &
distributors, New Delhi, 2005. ed.,
9. Yoshioka S, Stella VJ. Stability of drugs and dosage forms, Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi, 2006. th
10. Banker GS, Rhodes CT. Modern Pharmaceutics, 4 Inc, New York, 2005.
11. W. Grimm - Stability testing of drug products. ed., Marcel Dekker
12. Mazzo DJ. International stability testing. Eastern Press Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, 1999. 13.
Beckett AH, Stenlake JB. Practical pharmaceutical th chemistry, Part I & II., 4 2004. ed.,
CBS Publishers & distributors, New Delhi,
14. Indian Pharmacopoeia. Controller of Publication. Delhi, 1996.
15. British Pharmacopoeia. British Pharmacopoeia Commission Office, London, 2008.
16. United States Pharmacopoeia. United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc, USA, 2003.
17. Encyclopaedia of Pharm. Technology, Vol I – III.
18. Wells J. I. Pharmaceutical Preformulation : The physicochemical properties of drug
substances, Ellis Horwood Ltd. England, 1988.
51
NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
(MIP 103T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope
This course is designed to impart knowledge and skills necessary to train the students in the area
of novel drug delivery systems.
Objective
The need, concept, design and evaluation of various customized, sustained and controlled
release dosage forms.
To formulate and evaluate various novel drug delivery systems
UNIT- I 10Hrs
Sustained Release (SR) and Controlled Release (CR) formulations: Introduction & basic
concepts, advantages/disadvantages, factors influencing, Physicochemical & biological
approaches for SR/CR formulation, Mechanism of Drug Delivery from SR/CR formulation
computation of desired release rate and dose for controlled release DDS, pharmacokinetic design
for DDS – intermittent, zero order & first order release.
UNIT- II 8Hrs
Carriers for Drug Delivery: Polymers / co-polymers introduction, classification, characterization,
polymerization techniques, application in CDDS / NDDS, biodegradable & natural polymers.
UNIT- III 8Hrs

Rate Controlled Drug Delivery Systems: Principles & Fundamentals, Types, Activation;
Modulated Drug Delivery Systems; Mechanically activated, pH activated, Enzyme activated, and
Osmotic activated Drug Delivery Systems Feedback regulated Drug Delivery Systems;
Principles & Fundamentals.
UNIT- IV 8Hrs
Study of Various DDS: Concepts, design, formulation & evaluation of controlled release oral
DDS, GRDDS, Mucoadhesive and buccal DDS, colon specific, liquid sustained release systems,
Ocular delivery systems.
UNIT- V 6Hrs
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Structure of skin and barriers, Penetration enhancers,
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems, Formulation and evaluation.
UNIT- VI 6Hrs
Protein and Peptide Delivery: Barriers for protein delivery. Formulation and Evaluation of
delivery systems of proteins and other macromolecules.
52
UNIT- VII 10Hrs
Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Importance, concept, biological process and events involved in
drug targeting, design, formulation & evaluation, methods in drug targeting – nanoparticles,
liposomes, niosomes, pharmacosomes, resealed erythrocytes, microspheres, magnetic
microspheres. Specialized pharmaceutical emulsions – multiple emulsions, micro-emulsions.
Study of commercial formulations DOXIL, RISPERDAL CONSTA, LUPRON DEPOT,
INVEGA SUSTENNA, and LANCOME.
UNIT-VIII 6Hrs
Biotechnology in Drug Delivery Systems: Brief review of major areas-recombinant DNA
technology, monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Novel Drug Delivery System, Y.W. Chein, Vol 50, Marcel Dekker, NY.
2. Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Robinson, Vol 29, Marcel Dekker, NY.
3. Transdermal Controlled Systemic Medications, YW Chein, Vol 31, Marcel Dekker, NY.
4. Bioadhesive DDS, E. Mathiowitz, Vol 98, Marcel Dekker, NY.
5. Nasal System Drug Delivery, K.S.E. Su, Vol 39, Marcel Dekker, NY.
6. Drug Delivery Devices, Vol 32, P Tyle Marcel Dekker, NY.
7. Polymers for Controlled Drug Delivery, P.J. Tarcha, CRC Press.
8. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Vyas, CBS, Delhi.
9. Biotechnology of Industrial Antibiotics, E.J. Vandamme, Marcel Dekker, NY.
10. Protein Formulation & Delivery, E.J. McNally, Vol 99, Marcel Dekker, NY.
11. Drug Targeting, M.H. Rubinstein, John Wiley, NY.
53
IPR AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS
(MPH 104T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope
Course designed to impart advanced knowledge and skills required to learn the concept of
generic drug and their development, various regulatory filings in different countries, different
phases of clinical trials and submitting regulatory documents: filing process of IND, NDA and
ANDA
To know the approval process of
To know the chemistry, manufacturing controls and their regulatory importance
To learn the documentation requirements for
To learn the importance and
Objectives:
Upon completion of the course, it is expected that the students will be able to understand
The Concepts of innovator and generic drugs, drug development Process
The Regulatory guidance’s and guidelines for filing and approval process
Preparation of Dossiers and their submission to regulatory agencies in different countries
Post approval regulatory requirements for actives and drug products
Submission of global documents in CTD/ eCTD formats
Clinical trials requirements for approvals for conducting clinical trials
Pharmacovigilence and process of monitoring in clinical trials.
UNIT- I 10Hrs
Drug product development: Active pharmaceutical ingredients, drug master file(DMF) and
impurities. Generic product development: Introduction, Hatch-Waxman act and amendments,
GUDUFA, ANDA (505j), ANDA approval process. New drug application (505B1 and 505B2).
NDA approval process including IND. Scale up and post approval changes
(SUPAC).Bioequivalence and Bioavailability, different types of studies for drug product
approval.
UNIT- II 10Hrs
ICH- Guidelines of ICH – Q7 to Q11, M9. Clinical Trials. HIPPA – new, requirements to
clinical study process, Parmacovigilance safety monitoring in clinical trials.
UNIT- III 10Hrs

ANDA for generic drugs ways and means of US registration for foreign drugs. CMC, Post
approval regulatory affairs. Regulation for combination products, medical devices & Biosimilars.
UNIT- IV 10Hrs
Brief introduction to CDSCO, WHO, USFDA, EMEA, TGA, MHRA, MCC, ANVISA.
54
UNIT- V 10Hrs
Definitions, Need for Patenting, Types of Patents, Conditions to be satisfied by an invention to
be Patentable, introduction to patent and patent search. Parts of Patent. Filing of patents. The
essential elements of patent. Guidelines for preparation of laboratory notebook, Non-obviousness
in patent.
UNIT-VI 10Hrs
Copy right, Trademark, Geographical indication acts, Patent litigation, 180 days market
exclusivity and Doctrine of equivalents.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Generic Drug Product Development, Solid Oral Dosage forms, Leon Shargel and
IsaderKaufer,Marcel Dekker series, Vol.143
2. The Pharmaceutical Regulatory Process, Second Edition Edited by Ira R. Berry and Robert
P.Martin, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences,Vol.185,
Informa Health care Publishers.
3. New Drug Approval Process: Accelerating Global Registrations By Richard A Guarino,
MD,5th edition, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences,Vol.190.
4. Guidebook for drug regulatory submissions / Sandy Weinberg. By John Wiley & Sons.Inc.
5. FDA regulatory affairs: a guide for prescription drugs, medical devices, and biologics/edited
By Douglas J. Pisano, David Mantus.
6. Clinical Trials and Human Research: A Practical Guide to Regulatory Compliance By Fay
A.Rozovsky and Rodney K. Adams
7. www.ich.org/
8. www.fda.gov/
9. europa.eu/index_en.htm
10. https://www.tga.gov.au/tga-basics
55
PRACTICALS (MIP 105P)

(Minimum 4 Experiments)
2. Simultaneous estimation of multi component containing formulations by UV/HPLC
spectrophotometry (Minimum 4 Experiments)
INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY – I
PRACTICALS (MIP 106P)
1. To carry out preformulation studies of drugs like effect of surfactants and pH on the
solubility of drugs, compatibility evaluation of drugs and excipients by DSC and FTIR .
2. Formulation and evaluation of SR/CR Tablets and compare In-Vitro dissolution profile of
SR/CR Marketed formulation.
3. Formulation and evaluation osmotically controlled DDS
4. Preparation and evaluation of Floating DDS- hydro dynamically balanced DDS
5. Formulation and evaluation of Mucoadhesive tablets.
6. Formulation and evaluation of transdermal patches.
7. Stability studies of drugs in solutions and solid dosage forms according to the ICH
guidelines.
8. To study the effect of compressional force, particle size and binders on tablets disintegration
time and dissolution of a tablet.
9. To study Micromeritic properties of powders and granulation.
10. Preparation and evaluation of different polymeric membranes.
11. To study the effect of temperature change , non solvent addition, incompatible polymer
addition in microcapsules preparation
12. Preparation and evaluation of Alginate beads
13. Formulation and evaluation of gelatin /albumin microspheres
14. Formulation and evaluation of liposomes/niosomes
56
SEMESTER-II
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS
(MPH 201T)
THEORY 60Hrs
Scope
This course is designed to impart knowledge and skills necessary for dose calculations, dose
adjustments and to apply biopharmaceutics theories in practical problem solving. Basic
theoretical discussions of the principles of biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics are provided
to help the students’ to clarify the concepts.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course it is expected that students will be able understand,
The basic concepts in biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics.
The use raw data and derive the pharmacokinetic models and parameters the best describe the
process of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination.
The critical evaluation of biopharmaceutic studies involving drug product equivalency.
The design and evaluation of dosage regimens of the drugs using pharmacokinetic and
biopharmaceutic parameters.
The potential clinical pharmacokinetic problems and application of basics of pharmacokinetic
UNIT- I 10Hrs
Drug Absorption from the Gastrointestinal Tract: Gastrointestinal tract, Mechanism of drug
absorption, Factors affecting drug absorption, pH–partition theory of drug absorption.
Formulation and physicochemical factors: Dissolution rate, Dissolution process, Noyes–Whitney
equation and drug dissolution, Factors affecting the dissolution rate. Gastrointestinal absorption:
role of the dosage form: Solution (elixir, syrup and solution) as a dosage form ,Suspension as a
dosage form, Capsule as a dosage form, Tablet as a dosage form ,Dissolution methods
,Formulation and processing factors, Correlation of in vivo data with in vitro dissolution data.
Transport model: Permeability-Solubility-Charge State and the pH Partition Hypothesis,
Properties of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT), pH Microclimate Intracellular pH Environment,
Tight-Junction Complex.
UNIT- II 10Hrs
Biopharmaceutic considerations in drug product design and In Vitro Performance: Introduction,
biopharmaceutic factors affecting drug bioavailability, rate-limiting steps in drug absorption,
physicochemical nature of the drug, formulation factors affecting drug product performance, in
vitro: dissolution and drug release testing, compendial methods of dissolution, alternative
methods of dissolution testing, meeting dissolution requirements, problems of variable control in
dissolution testing performance of drug products. In vitro–in vivo correlation, dissolution profile
comparisons.
57
UNIT- III 10Hrs
Pharmacokinetics: Basic considerations, pharmacokinetic models, compartment modeling: one
compartment model- IV bolus, IV infusion, extra-vascular. Multi compartment model: two
compartment - model in brief.
UNIT- IV 10Hrs
Non-linear pharmacokinetics: cause of non-linearity, Michaelis – Menten equation, estimation
of Kmax and Vmax. Noncompartmental Pharmacokinetics- statistical moment theory and
physiological pharmacokinetic model. Altered pharmacokinetics in renal and hepatic diseases.
Drug interactions: introduction, the effect of protein binding on interactions, the effect of tissue-
binding on interactions, cytochrome p450-based drug interactions, and drug interactions linked
to transporters. 10 Hrs
UNIT- V 10Hrs
Drug Product Performance, In Vivo: Bioavailability and Bioequivalence: drug product
performance, purpose of bioavailability studies, relative and absolute availability. Methods for
assessing bioavailability, bioequivalence studies, design and evaluation of bioequivalence
studies, study designs, crossover study designs, evaluation of the data, bioequivalence example,
study submission and drug review process. Biopharmaceutics classification system, methods.
Permeability: In-vitro, in-situ and In-vivo methods. generic biologics (biosimilar drug
products),clinical significance of bioequivalence studies, special concerns in bioavailability and
bioequivalence studies, generic substitution.
UNIT- VI 10Hrs
Application of Pharmacokinetics: Chrono pharmacokinetics, Modified-Release Drug Products,
Targeted Drug Delivery Systems and Biotechnological Products. Introduction to
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of biotechnology drugs Proteins and peptides,
Monoclonal antibodies, Oligonucleotides, Vaccines (immunotherapy), Gene therapies.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics by Milo Gibaldi, 4 th edition,Philadelphia,
Lea and Febiger, 1991
2. Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, A. Treatise, D .M. Brahmankar and Sunil B.
Jaiswal., VallabPrakashan, Pitampura, Delhi
3. Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics by Shargel. Land YuABC, 2ndedition,
Connecticut Appleton Century Crofts, 1985
4. Textbook of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Dr. Shobha Rani R. Hiremath,Prism
Book
5. Pharmacokinetics by Milo Gibaldi and D. Perrier, 2nd edition, Marcel Dekker Inc.,New
York, 1982
6. Current Concepts in Pharmaceutical Sciences: Biopharmaceutics, Swarbrick. J, Leaand
Febiger, Philadelphia, 1970
58
7. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Concepts and Applications 3rd edition by MalcolmRowland and
Thom~ N. Tozer, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1995
8. Dissolution, Bioavailability and Bioequivalence, Abdou. H.M, Mack PublishingCompany,
Pennsylvania 1989
9. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics, An Introduction, 4 th edition,revised and
expande by Robert. E. Notari, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York and Basel,1987.
10. Biopharmaceutics and Relevant Pharmacokinetics by John. G Wagner and M.Pemarowski,
1st edition, Drug Intelligence Publications, Hamilton, Illinois, 1971.
11. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, Vol 13, James Swarbrick, James. G.Boylan,
Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 1996.
12. Basic Pharmacokinetics,1 st edition,Sunil S JambhekarandPhilip J Breen,pharmaceutical
press, RPS Publishing,2009.
13. Absorption and Drug Development- Solubility, Permeability, and Charge State, Alex Avdeef,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc,2003.
59
SCALE UP AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
(MIP 202T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope
scale up, technology transfer process and industrial safety issues.
Objectives:
Manage the scale up process in pharmaceutical industry.
Assist in technology transfer.
To establish safety guidelines, which prevent industrial hazards.
UNIT- I 10Hrs
Pilot plant design: Basic requirements for design, facility, equipment selection, for tablets,
capsules, liquid orals, parenteral and semisolid preparations. Scale up: Importance, Technology
transfer from R & D to pilot plant to plant scale, process scale up for tablets, capsules, liquid
orals, semisolids, parenteral, NDDS products – stress on formula, equipments, product
uniformity, stability, raw materials, physical layout, input, in-process and finished product
specifications, problems encountered during transfer of technology. 12 Hrs
UNIT- I 12Hrs
Validation: General concepts, types, procedures & protocols, documentation, VMF. Analytical
method validation, cleaning validation
UNIT- III 12Hrs

Equipment Qualification: Importance, IQ, OQ, PQ for equipments – autoclave, DHS, membrane
filter, rapid mixer granulator, cone blender, FBD, tablet compression machine, liquid filling
and sealing machine. Aseptic room validation.
UNIT- IV 12Hrs
Process validation: Importance, validation of mixing, granulation, drying, compression, tablet
coating, liquid filling and sealing, sterilization, water process systems, environmental control.
UNIT- V 12Hrs
Industrial safety: Hazards – fire, mechanical, electrical, chemical and pharmaceutical,
Monitoring & prevention systems, industrial effluent testing & treatment. Control of
environmental pollution.
60
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Pharmaceutical process validation, JR Berry, Nash, Vol 57, Marcel Dekker, NY.
2. Pharmaceutical Production facilities, design and applications, by GC Cole, Taylor and
Francis.
3. Pharmaceutical project management, T.Kennedy, Vol 86, Marcel Dekker, NY.
4. The theory & Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, L.Lachman, H.A.Lieberman,nVarghese Publ.
Bombay.
5. Tablet machine instruments in pharmaceuticals, PR Watt, John Wiloy.
6. Pharmaceutical dosage forms, Tablets, Vol 1, 2, 3 by Lachman, Lieberman, Marcel Dekker,
NY.
7. Pharmaceutical dosage forms, Parentral medications, Vol 1, 2 by K.E. Avis, Marcel Dekker,
NY.
8. Dispersed system Vol 1, 2, 3 by Lachman, Lieberman, Marcel Dekker, NY.
9. Subrahmanyam, CVS, Pharmaceutical production and Management, 2007, Vallabh
Prakashan,Dehli.
61
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
(MIP 203T)
THEORY 60 HRS
Scope
par with the routine of Industrial activities in Production
Objectives
Handle the scheduled activities in a Pharmaceutical firm.
Manage the production of large batches of pharmaceutical formulations.
UNIT- I 10Hrs
a) Improved Tablet Production: Tablet production process, unit operation improvements,
granulation and pelletization equipments, continuous and batch mixing, rapid mixing
granulators, rota granulators, spheronizers and marumerisers, and other specialized granulation
and drying equipments. Problems encountered.
b) Coating Technology: Process, equipments, particle coating, fluidized bed coating,
application techniques. Problems encountered.
UNIT- II 9Hrs
Parenteral Production: Area planning & environmental control, wall and floor treatment, fixtures
and machineries, change rooms, personnel flow, utilities & utilities equipment location,
engineering and maintenance.
UNIT- III 9Hrs

Lyophilization & Spray drying Technology: Principles, process, freeze-drying and spray drying
equipments.
UNIT- IV 9Hrs
Capsule Production: Production process, improved capsule manufacturing and filling machines
for hard and soft gelatin capsules. Layout and problems encountered.
UNIT- V 9Hrs
Disperse Systems Production: Production processes, applications of mixers, mills, disperse
equipments including fine solids dispersion, problems encountered.
UNIT- VI 7Hrs
Packaging Technology: Types of packaging materials, machinery, labeling, package printing for
different dosage forms.
62
UNIT- VII 7Hrs
Air Handling Systems: Study of AHUs, humidity & temperature control, air filtration systems,
dust collectors. Water Treatment Process: Techniques and maintenance – RO, DM, ultra –
filtration, WFI.
REFERENCES
1. The Theory & Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, L. Lachman, Varghese Publ, Bombay.
2. Modern Pharmaceutics by Banker, Vol 72, Marcel Dekker, NY.
3. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Vol 1, 2, 3 by Lachman, Lieberman, Marcel Dekker, NY.
4. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Parentral medications, Vol 1, 2 by K.E. Avis, Marcel Dekker,
NY.
5. Pharmaceutical Production Facilities, design and applications, by G.C. Cole, Taylor and
Francis.
6. Dispersed System Vol 1, 2, 3 by Lachman, Lieberman, Marcel Dekker, NY.
7. Product design and testing of polymeric materials by N.P. Chezerisionoff.
8. Pharmaceutical Project Management, T.Kennedy, Vol 86, Marcel Dekker, NY.
9. Packaging Pharmaceutical and Health Care, H.Lockhard.
10. Quality Control of Packaging Materials in Pharmaceutical Industy, .Kharburn, Marcel
Dekker, NY.
11. Freeze drying / Lyophilization of Pharmaceuticals & Biological Products, L. Ray, Vol 96,
Marcel Dekker, NY.
12. Tablet Machine Instrumentation In Pharmaceuticals, PR Watt, Ellis Horwoods, UK.
63
ENTREPRENEURSHIP MANAGEMENT
(MIP 204T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope:
This course is designed to impart knowledge and skills necessary to train the students on
entrepreneurship management.
Objectives:
The Role of enterprise in national and global economy
Dynamics of motivation and concepts of entrepreneurship
Demands and challenges of Growth Strategies And Networking
UNIT- I 12Hrs
Conceptual Frame Work: Concept need and process in entrepreneurship development. Role of
enterprise in national and global economy. Types of enterprise – Merits and Demerits.
Government policies and schemes for enterprise development. Institutional support in enterprise
development and management.
UNIT- II 12Hrs
Entrepreneur: Entrepreneurial motivation – dynamics of motivation. Entrepreneurial competency
–Concepts. Developing Entrepreneurial competencies - requirements and understanding the
process of entrepreneurship development, self-awareness, interpersonal skills, creativity,
assertiveness, achievement, factors affecting entrepreneur role.
UNIT- III 12Hrs

Launching And Organising An Enterprise: Environment scanning – Information, sources,
schemes of assistance, problems. Enterprise selection, market assessment, enterprise feasibility
study, SWOT Analysis. Resource mobilisation - finance, technology, raw material, site and
manpower. Costing and marketing management and quality control. Feedback, monitoring and
evaluation.
UNIT- IV 12Hrs
Growth Strategies And Networking: Performance appraisal and assessment. Profitability and
control measures, demands and challenges. Need for diversification. Future Growth –
Techniques of expansion and diversification, vision strategies. Concept and dynamics. Methods,
Joint venture, co-ordination and feasibility study.
UNIT- V 12Hrs
Preparing Project Proposal To Start On New Enterprise Project work – Feasibility report;
Planning, resource mobilization and implementation.
64
REFERENCES
1. Akhauri, M.M.P.(1990): Entrepreneurship for Women in India, NIESBUD, New Delhi.

2. Hisrich, R.D & Brush, C.G.(1996) The Women Entrepreneurs, D.C. Health & Co., Toranto.
3. Hisrich, R.D. and Peters, M.P. (1995): Entrepreneurship – Starting, Developing and
Managing a New Enterprise, Richard D., Inwin, INC, USA.
4. Meredith, G.G. etal (1982): Practice of Entrepreneurship, ILO, Geneva.
5. Patel, V.C. (1987): Women Entrepreneurship – Developing New Entrepreneurs, Ahmedabad
EDII.
65
PRACTICALS SEM –II
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS PRACTICALS
(MIP 205P)
1. Improvement of dissolution characteristics of slightly soluble drug by Solid
dispersion technique.
2. Comparison of dissolution of two different marketed products /brands
3. Comparison of diffusion studies of two different marketed products /brands
4. Protein binding studies of a highly protein bound drug & poorly protein bound drug
5. Calculation of all Pharmacokinetic parameters from the I.V. Bolus Data.
6. Calculation of all Pharmacokinetic parameters from the Urinary Data of I.V. Bolus
Injection.
7. Calculation of all Pharmacokinetic parameters from the I.V. Infusion Data.
8. Calculation of all Pharmacokinetic parameters from the Extravascular Data –
Residual Method.
9. Calculation of all Pharmacokinetic parameters from the Extravascular Data –
Wagner Nelson method
10. Bioavailability studies of Paracetamol (Animal).
INDUSTRIAL PHARAMCY-II PRACTICALS (MIP 206P)
1. Formulation and evaluation of tablets

2. .Formulation and evaluation of capsules
3. Formulation and evaluation of injections
4. Formulation and evaluation of emulsion
5. .Formulation and evaluation of suspension.
6. Formulation and evaluation of enteric coating tablets.
7. Preparation and evaluation of a freeze dried formulation.
8. Preparation and evaluation of a spray dried formulation.
9. Validation of Rotary tablet machine.
10. Validation of Coating pan.
11. Validation of tray dryer.
12. Validation of Autoclave and aseptic room.
13.
66
PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE (MQA)
MODERN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES (MQA 101T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope
characterization and quantification of drugs. Instruments dealt are NMR, Mass spectrometer, IR,
HPLC, GC etc.
Objectives
After completion of course student is able to know about chemicals and excipients
UNIT- I 10Hrs
a) UV-Visible spectroscopy: Introduction, Theory, Laws, Instrumentation associated with
UV-Visible spectroscopy, Choice of solvents and solvent effect and Applications of UV-
Visible spectroscopy, Difference/ Derivative spectroscopy.
b) IR spectroscopy: Theory, Modes of Molecular vibrations, Sample handling,
vibrational frequencies and Applications of IR spectroscopy, Data Interpretation.
c) Spectroflourimetry: Theory of Fluorescence, Factors affecting fluorescence
(Characterestics of drugs that can be analysed by flourimetry), Quenchers,
d) Flame emission spectroscopy and Atomic absorption spectroscopy: Principle,
Instrumentation, Interferences and Applications.
UNIT- II 10Hrs
NMR spectroscopy: Quantum numbers and their role in NMR, Principle, Instrumentation,
Solvent requirement in NMR, Relaxation process, NMR signals in various compounds, Chemical
shift, Factors influencing chemical shift, Spin-Spin coupling, Coupling constant, Nuclear
magnetic double resonance, Brief outline of principles of FT-NMR and 13C NMR. Applications
of NMR spectroscopy.
UNIT- III 10Hrs

ionization like electron impact, chemical, field, FAB and MALDI, APCI, ESI, APPI Analyzers of
Quadrupole and Time of Flight, Mass fragmentation and its rules, Meta stable ions, Isotopic peaks and
Applications of Mass spectroscopy.
67
UNIT- IV 10Hrs
Chromatography: Principle, apparatus, instrumentation, chromatographic parameters, factors affecting

resolution, isolationof drug from excipients, data interpretation and applications of the following:
Thin Layer chromatography
High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography
Ion exchange chromatography
Column chromatography
Gas chromatography
High Performance Liquid chromatography
Ultra High Performance Liquid chromatography
Affinity chromatography
Gel Chromatography
UNIT- V 10Hrs
a) Electrophoresis: Principle, Instrumentation, Working conditions, factors affecting separation
and applications of the following:
b) Paper electrophoresis b) Gel electrophoresis c) Capillary electrophoresis d) Zone
c) X ray Crystallography: Production of X rays, Different X ray
d) methods, Bragg‘s law, Rotating crystal technique, X ray powder technique, Types of crystals and
applications of X-ray diffraction.
UNIT- VI 10Hrs
a. Potentiometry: Principle, working, Ion selective Electrodes and Application of potentiometry.

b. Thermal Techniques: Principle, thermal transitions and Instrumentation (Heat flux and
power-compensation and designs), Modulated DSC, Hyper DSC, experimental parameters
(sample preparation, experimental conditions, calibration, heating and cooling rates, resolution,
source of errors) and their influence, advantage and disadvantages, pharmaceutical applications.
Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA): Principle, instrumentation and advantage and disadvantages,
pharmaceutical applications, derivative differential thermal analysis (DDTA). TGA: Principle,
instrumentation, factors affecting results, advantage and disadvantages, pharmaceutical applications.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Wiley & Sons, 2004.
2. Principles of Instrumental Analysis - Doglas A Skoog, F. James Holler, Timothy A. Nieman, 5
th
edition, Eastern press, Bangalore, 1998.

68
4. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Beckett and Stenlake, Vol II, 4th edition, CBS Publishers,
New Delhi, 1997.
7. Pharmaceutical Analysis - Modern Methods – Part B - J W Munson, Vol 11, Marcel. Dekker Series
8. Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, 2 nd edn., P.S/Kalsi, Wiley estern Ltd., Delhi.
9. Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis, KA.Connors, 3 Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1982.
rd
10. Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis, KA.Connors, 3 Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1982.
rd
69
QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (MQA 102T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope
This course is designed to impart fundamental knowledge and concepts about various quality
management principles and systems utilized in the manufacturing industry. It also aids in
understanding the quality evaluation in the pharmaceutical industries.
Objectives
At completion of this course it is expected that students will be able to understand-
The importance of quality
ISO management systems
Tools for quality improvement
Analysis of issues in quality
Quality evaluation of pharmaceuticals
Stability testing of drug and drug substances
Statistical approaches for quality
Unit-1:
Introduction to Quality: Evolution of Quality, Definition of Quality, Dimensions of Quality
Quality as a Strategic Decision: Meaning of strategy and strategic quality management, mission
and vision statements, quality policy, Quality objectives, strategic planning and implementation,
McKinsey 7s model, Competitive analysis, Management commitment to quality
Customer Focus: Meaning of customer and customer focus, Classification of customers,
Customer focus, Customer perception of quality, Factors affecting customer perception,
Customer requirements, Meeting customer needs and expectations, Customer satisfaction and
Customer delight, Handling customer complaints, Understanding customer behavior, concept of
internal and external customers. Case studiesCost of Quality: Cost of quality, Categories of cost
of Quality, Models of cost of quality, Optimising costs, Preventing cost of quality 10 Hrs
Unit-2. Pharmaceutical quality Management: Basics of Quality Management, Total Quality

Management (TQM), Principles of Six sigma, ISO 9001:2008, 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2004,
Pharmaceutical Quality Management – ICH Q10, Knowledge management, Quality Metrics,
Operational Excellence and Quality Management Review. OSHAS guidelines, NABL
certification and accreditation, CFR-21 part 11, WHO-GMP requirements. 10 Hrs
70
Unit-3: Six System Inspection model: Quality Management system, Production system, Facility
and Equipment system, Laboratory control system, Materials system, Packaging and labeling
system. Concept of self inspection.
Quality systems: Change Management/ Change control.
Deviations, Out of Specifications (OOS), Out of Trend (OOT), Complaints - evaluation and
handling, Investigation and determination of root cause, Corrective & Preventive Actions
(CAPA), Returns and Recalls, Vendor Qualification, Annual Product Reviews, Batch Review
and Batch Release. Concept of IPQC, area clearance/ Line clearance. 10 Hrs
Unit-4.Drug Stability: ICH guidelines for stability testing of drug substances and drug products.
Study of ICH Q8, Quality by Design and Process development report
Quality risk management: Introduction, risk assessment, risk control, risk review, risk
management tools, HACCP, risk ranking and filtering according to ICH Q9 guidelines. 10 Hrs
Unit-5. Statistical Process control (SPC): Definition and Importance of SPC, Quality
measurement in manufacturing, Statistical control charts - concepts and general aspects,
Advantages of statistical control, Process capability, Estimating Inherent or potential capability
from a control chart analysis, Measuring process control and quality improvement, Pursuit of
decreased process variability.
10 Hrs
Unit-6.Regulatory Compliance through Quality Management and development of Quality
Culture Benchmarking: Definition of benchmarking, Reasons for benchmarking, Types of
Benchmarking, Benchmarking process, Advantages of benchmarking, Limitations of
benchmarking 10 Hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Implementing Juran's Road Map for Quality Leadership: Benchmarks and Results, By Al
Endres, Wiley, 2000
2. Understanding, Managing and Implementing Quality: Frameworks, Techniques and
Cases, By Jiju Antony; David Preece, Routledge, 2002
3. Organizing for High Performance: Employee Involvement, TQM, Reengineering, and
Knowledge Management in the Fortune 1000: The CEO Report By Edward E. Lawler;
Susan Albers Mohrman; George Benson, Jossey-Bass, 2001
4. Corporate Culture and the Quality Organization By James W. Fairfield- Sonn, Quorum
Books, 2001
5. The Quality Management Sourcebook: An International Guide to Materials and
Resources By Christine Avery; Diane Zabel, Routledge, 1997
6. The Quality Toolbox, Second Edition, Nancy R. Tague, ASQ Publications
7. Juran's Quality Handbook, Sixth Edition, Joseph M. Juran and Joseph A. De Feo, ASQ
Publications
8. Root Cause Analysis, The Core of Problem Solving and Corrective Action, Duke Okes,
2009, ASQ Publications.
71
QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE (MQA 103T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope
This course deals with the various aspects of quality control and quality assurance aspects of
pharmaceutical industries. It covers the important aspects like cGMP, QC tests, documentation,
quality certifications, GLP and regulatory affairs.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course the student should be able to
Understand the cGMP aspects in a pharmaceutical industry
To appreciate the importance of documentation
To understand the scope of quality certifications applicable to Pharmaceutical industries
To understand the responsibilities of QA & QC departments.
Unit-1: 12 Hrs
Introduction: Concept and evolution and scopes of Quality Control and Quality Assurance,
Good Laboratory Practice, GMP, Overview of ICH Guidelines - QSEM, with special emphasis
on Q- series guidelines.
Good Laboratory Practices: Scope of GLP, Definitions, Qualityassurance unit, protocol for
conduct of non clinical testing, control on animal house, report preparation and documentation.
CPCSEA guidelines.
Unit-2: 12 Hrs
cGMP guidelines according to schedule M, USFDA (inclusive of CDER and CBER)
Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention(PIC), WHO and EMEA covering: Organization and
personnel responsibilities, training, hygiene and personal records, drug industry location, design,
construction and plant lay out, maintenance, sanitation, environmental control, utilities and
maintenance of sterile areas, control of contamination and Good Warehousing Practice.
Unit-3: 10 Hrs
Analysis of raw materials, finished products, packaging materials, in process quality control
(IPQC), Developing specification (ICH Q6 and Q3), purchase specifications and maintenance of
stores for raw materials. In process quality control and finished products quality control for
following dosage forms in Pharma industry according to Indian, US and British pharmacopoeias:
tablets, capsules, ointments, suppositories, creams, parenterals, ophthalmic and surgical products
(How to refer pharmacopoeias).
72
Unit-4: 12 Hrs
Documentation in pharmaceutical industry: Three tier documentation, Policy, Procedures and
Work instructions, and records (Formats), Basic principles- How to maintain, retention and
retrieval etc. Standard operating procedures (How to write), Master Batch Record, Batch
Manufacturing Record, Quality audit plan and reports. Specification and test procedures,
Protocols and reports. Distribution records. Electronic data handling. Concepts of controlled and
uncontrolled documents
Submission documents for regulators DMFs, as Common Technical Document and Electronic
Common Technical Documentation (CTD, eCTD). Concept of regulated and non regulated
markets.
Unit-5: 12 Hrs
Manufacturing operations and controls: Sanitation of manufacturing premises, mix-ups and cross
contamination, processing of intermediates and bulk products, packaging operations, IPQC,
release of finished product, process deviations, charge-in of components, time limitations on
production, drug product inspection, expiry date calculation, calculation of yields, production
record review, change control, sterile products, aseptic process control, packaging, reprocessing,
salvaging, handling of waste and scrap disposal.
Introduction, scope and importance of intellectual property rights. Concept of trade mark,
copyright and patents.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Quality Assurance Guide by organization of Pharmaceutical Procedures of India, 3rd revised
edition, Volume I & II, Mumbai, 1996.
2. Good Laboratory Practice Regulations, 2nd Edition, Sandy Weinberg Vol. 69, Marcel Dekker
Series, 1995.
3. Quality Assurance of Pharmaceuticals- A compedium of Guide lines and Related materials Vol I
& II, 2nd edition, WHO Publications, 1999.
4. How to Practice GMP’s – P P Sharma, Vandana Publications, Agra, 1991
5. The International Pharmacopoeia – vol I, II, III, IV & V - General Methods of Analysis and Quality
specification for Pharmaceutical Substances, Excepients and Dosage forms, 3rd edition, WHO,
Geneva, 2005.
6. Good laboratory Practice Regulations – Allen F. Hirsch, Volume 38, Marcel
Dekker Series, 1989.
7. ICH guidelines
8. ISO 9000 and total quality management
9. The drugs and cosmetics act 1940 – Deshpande, Nilesh Gandhi, 4 edition,
th
Susmit Publishers, 2006.
10. QA Manual – D.H. Shah, 1 edition, Business Horizons, 2000.
st
11. Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceuticals a plan for total quality
control – Sidney H. Willig,
Vol. 52, 3rd edition, Marcel Dekker Series.
12. Steinborn L. GMP/ISO Quality Audit Manual for Healthcare Manufacturers and Their Suppliers,
Sixth Edition, (Volume 1 - With Checklists and Software Package). Taylor & Francis; 2003.
13. Sarker DK. Quality Systems and Controls for Pharmaceuticals. John Wiley
& Sons; 2008.
14. Packaging of Pharmaceuticals.
15. Schedule M and Schedu
73
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER (MQA 104T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope
This deal with technology transfer covers the activities associated with Drug Substance,
Drug Product and analytical tests and methods, required following candidate drug selection
to completion of technology transfer from R&D to the first receiving site and technology
transfer related to post-marketing changes in manufacturing places.
Objectives
To understand the new product development process
To understand the necessary information to transfer technology from R&D to actual
manufacturing by sorting out various information obtained during R&D
To elucidate necessary information to transfer technology of existing products between
various manufacturing places
Unit-1: 12 Hrs
Principles of Drug discovery and development: Introduction, Clinical research process.
Development and informational content for Investigational New Drugs Application (IND),
New Drug Application (NDA), Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA), Supplemental
New Drug Application (SNDA), Scale Up Post Approval Changes (SUPAC) and Bulk active
chemical Post approval changes (BACPAC), Post marketing surveillance, Product
registration guidelines – CDSCO, USFDA.
Unit-2: 12 Hrs
Pre-formulation studies: Introduction/concept,organoleptic properties, purity, impurity
profiles, particle size, shape and surface area. Solubility, Methods to improve solubility of
Drugs: Surfactants & its importance, co-solvency. Techniques for the study of Crystal
properties and polymorphism. Pre-formulation protocol, Stability testing during product
development.
Unit-3: 12 Hrs
Pilot plant scale up: Concept, Significance, design, layout of pilot plant scale up study,
operations, large scale manufacturing techniques (formula, equipment, process, stability and
quality control) of solids, liquids, semisolid and parenteral dosage forms. New era of drug
products: opportunities and challenges.
74
Unit-4: 12 Hrs
Pharmaceutical packaging: Pharmaceutical dosage form and their packaging requirments,
Pharmaceutical packaging materials, Medical device packaging, Enteral Packaging, Aseptic packaging
systems, Container closure systems, Issues facing modern drug packaging, Selection and evaluation of
Pharmaceutical packaging materials.
Quality control test: Containers, closures and secondary packing materials.
Unit-5: 12 Hrs
Technology transfer: Development of technology by R & D,
Technology transfer from R & D to production, Optimization and Production, Qualitative and quantitative
technology models. Documentation in technology transfer: Development report, technology transfer plan
and Exhibit.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. The process of new drug discovery and development. I and II Edition (2006) by Charles
G. Smith, James T and O. Donnell. CRC Press, Group of Taylor and Francis.
2. Leon Lac Lachman, Herbert A. Liberman, Theory and Practice of Industrial
Pharmacy. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York.
3. Sidney H Willing, Murray M, Tuckerman. Williams Hitchings IV, Good manufacturing
of pharmaceuticals (A Plan for total quality control) 3rd Edition. Bhalani publishing
house Mumbai.
4. Tablets Vol. I, II, III by Leon Lachman, Herbert A. Liberman, Joseph B. Schwartz, 2nd
Edn. (1989) Marcel Dekker Inc. New York.
5. Text book of Bio- Pharmaceutics and clinical Pharmacokinetics by Milo Gibaldi, 3 rd Edn,
Lea & Febriger, Philadelphia.
6. Pharmaceutical product development. Vandana V. Patrevale. John I. Disouza. Maharukh
T.Rustomji. CRC Press, Group of Taylor and Francis.
7. Dissolution, Bioavailability and Bio-Equivalence by Abdou H.M, Mack Publishing
company, Eastern Pennsylvania.
8. Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences, by Alfonso & Gennaro, 19th Edn.(1995)OO2C
Lippincott; Williams and Wilkins A Wolters Kluwer Company, Philadelphia.
9. The Pharmaceutical Sciences; the Pharma Path way ‘Pure and applied Pharmacy’ by D. A
Sawant, Pragathi Books Pvt. Ltd.
10. Pharmaceutical Packaging technology by D.A. Dean. E.R. Evans, I.H. Hall. 1
st
Edition(Reprint 2006). Taylor and Francis. London and New York.
75
MODERN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES (MQA 105P)
PRACTICALS
Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical Techniques
1. Analysis of Pharmacopoeial compounds in bulk and in their formulations (tablet/
capsules/ semisolids) by UV Vis spectrophotometer
2. Simultaneous estimation of multi-drug component containing formulations by UV
spectrophotometry
3. Ascending & radial paper chromatography
4. Thin layer chromatography
5. Determination of functional groups by FT-IR
6. Effect Of Concentration On Viscosity
10. Determination of Quenching effect of Quinine sulphate by potassium iodide solution
by Fluorometry
11. Estimation of sodium/potassium by flame photometry or AAS
12. Potentiometric titration of strong acid and strong base
13. Determination of Pka and Log p of drugs.
14. Determination of flow properties and rheological behavior of semi-solid or liquid
formulations
15. Determination of bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs using solid dispersion
technique
76
QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
(MQA 106 P)
1. Preparation and In-process quality control test for immediate released tablets
2. Development of stability study protocol
3. Estimation of process capability
4. Assay of raw materials as per official monographs
5. Testing of related and foreign substances in drugs and raw materials
6. To carry out pre formulation study for tablets, parenterals (2 experiments).
7. To study the effect of pH on the solubility of drugs
8. Quality control tests for Primary and secondary packaging materials
9. Accelerated stability studies (1 experiment)
10. Improved solubility of drugs using surfactant systems (1 experiment)
11. Improved solubility of drugs using co-solvency method (1 experiment)
12. Investigating the compatibility of drug substances with different excipients to identify
potential interactions or degradation.
13. Determining the solubility of a drug substance in various solvents or excipients to
identify suitable formulations and enhance bioavailability.
14. Developing and testing different formulations with varying excipient compositions,
concentrations, and dosage forms to identify the most suitable formulation.
15. Optimizing the manufacturing process parameters (such as blending time,
compression force, drying temperature, or coating conditions, to achieve desired
product attributes, such as uniformity, content uniformity, and stability).
16. Case studies on,
 Total Quality Management
 Six sigma
 Change Management/ Change control. Deviations
 Out of Specifications (OOS)
 Out of Trend (OOT)
 Corrective &Preventive Actions (CAPA)
 Deviations
77
SEMESTER-II
HAZARDS AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT (MQA 201T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope
This course is designed to convey the knowledge necessary to understand issues related to
different kinds of hazard and their management. Basic theoretical and practical
discussions integrate the proficiency to handle the emergency situation in the
pharmaceutical product development process and provides the principle based approach
to solve the complex tribulations.
Objectives
At completion of this course it is expected that students will be able to
Understand about environmental problems among learners.
Impart basic knowledge about the environment and its allied problems.
Develop an attitude of concern for the industry environment.
Ensure safety standards in pharmaceutical industry
Provide comprehensive knowledge on the safety management
Empower an ideas to clear mechanism and management in different kinds of hazard
management system
Teach the method of Hazard assessment, procedure, methodology for provide safe
industrial atmosphere
Unit-1: 12 Hrs
Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies: Natural Resources, Renewable and non-
renewable resources, Natural resources and associated problems,
a) Forest resources; b) Water resources; c) Mineral resources; d) Energy resources; e) Land
resources
Ecosystems: Concept of an ecosystem and Structure and
function of an ecosystem.Environmental hazards: Hazards based on Air, Water, Soil and
Radioisotopes.
Unit-2: 12 Hrs
Air based hazards: Sources, Types of Hazards, Air circulation maintenance industry for sterile
area and non sterile area, Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) Fire protection system: Fire
prevention, types of fire extinguishers and critical Hazard management system.
Unit-3: 12 Hrs
Chemical based hazards: Sources of chemical hazards, Hazards of Organic synthesis,
sulphonating hazard, Organic solvent hazard, Control measures for chemical hazards,
Management of combustible gases, Toxic gases and Oxygen displacing gases management,
Regulations for chemical hazard, Management of over-Exposure to chemicals and TLV concept
78
.
Unit-4: 12 Hrs
Fire and Explosion: Introduction, Industrial processes and hazards potential, mechanical
electrical, thermal and process hazards. Safety and hazards regulations, Fire protection system:
Fire prevention, types of fire extinguishers and critical Hazard management system mechanical
and chemical explosion, multiphase reactions, transport effects and global rates. Preventive and
protective management from fires and explosion- electricity passivation, ventilation, and
sprinkling, proofing, relief systems -relief valves, flares, scrubbers.
Unit-5: 12 Hrs
Hazard and risk management: Self-protective measures against workplace hazards. Critical
training for risk management, Process of hazard management, ICH guidelines on risk assessment and Risk
management methods and Tools Factory act and rules, fundamentals of accident prevention,
elements of safety programme and safety management, Physicochemical measurements of effluents,
BOD, COD, Determination of some contaminants, Effluent treatment procedure, Role of emergency
services.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Y.K. Sing, Environmental Science, New Age International Pvt, Publishers, Bangalore
2. “Quantitative Risk Assessment in Chemical Process Industries” American Institute of
Chemical Industries, Centre for Chemical Process safety.
3. Bharucha Erach, The Biodiversity of India, Mapin Pu blishing Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad –
380 013, India,
4. Hazardous Chemicals: Safety Management and Global Regulations, T.S.S. Dikshith, CRC
press
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PHARMACEUTICAL VALIDATION (MQA 202T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope
The main purpose of the subject is to understand about validation and how it can be
applied to industry and thus improve the quality of the products. The subject covers the
complete information about validation, types, methodology and application.
Objectives
At completion of this course, it is expected that students will be able to understand
The concepts of calibration, qualification and validation
The qualification of various equipments and instruments
Process validation of different dosage forms
Validation of analytical method for estimation of drugs
Cleaning validation of equipments employed in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals
Unit-1: 10Hrs
Introduction to validation: Definition of Calibration, Qualification and Validation, Scope,
frequency and importance. Difference between calibration and validation. Calibration of weights
and measures. Advantages of Validation, scope of Validation, Organization for Validation,
Validation Master plan, Types of Validation, Streamlining of qualification & Validation process
and Validation Master Plan.
Qualification: User requirement specification, Design
qualification, Factory Acceptance Test (FAT)/Site Acceptance Test (SAT), Installation
qualification, Operational qualification, Performance qualification, Re-Qualification
(Maintaining status- Calibration Preventive Maintenance, Change management).
Unit-2: 10 Hrs
Qualification of manufacturing equipment: Dry Powder Mixers, Fluid Bed and Tray
dryers, Tablet Compression (Machine), Dry heat sterilization/Tunnels, Autoclaves, Membrane
filtration, Capsule filling machine.
Qualification of analytical instruments: UV-Visible spectrophotometer, FTIR, DSC, GC,
HPLC, HPTLC, LC-MS.
Unit-3: 10 Hrs
Qualification of laboratory equipments: Hardness tester, Friability test apparatus, tap density
tester, Disintegration tester, Dissolution test apparatus Validation of Utility systems:
Pharmaceutical water system & pure steam, HVAC system, Compressed air and nitrogen.
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Unit-4: 10 Hrs
Process Validation: Concept, Process and documentation of Process Validation. Prospective,
Concurrent & Retrospective Validation, Re validation criteria, Process Validation of various formulations
(Coated tablets, Capsules, Ointment/Creams, Liquid Orals and aerosols.), Aseptic filling: Media fill validation,
USFDA guidelines on Process Validation- A life cycle approach.
Analytical method validation: General principles, Validation of analytical method as per ICH
guidelines and USP.
Unit-5: 10 Hrs
Cleaning Validation: Cleaning Method development, Validation of analytical method used in
cleaning, Cleaning of Equipment, Cleaning of Facilities. Cleaning in place (CIP).
Validation of facilities in sterile and non-sterile plant. Computerized system
validation: Electronic records and digital signature - 21 CFR Part 11 and GAMP
Unit-6: 10 Hrs
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Property (IP), Intellectual
Property Protection (IPP), Intellectual Property Rights (IPR); Economic importance, mechanism for
protection of Intellectual Property –patents, Copyright, Trademark; Factors affecting choice of IP protection;
Penalties for violation; Role of IP in pharmaceutical industry; Global ramification and financial
implications. Filing a patent applications; patent application forms and guidelines. Types patent
applications-provisional and non provisional, PCT and convention patent applications; International patenting
requirement procedures and costs; Rights and responsibilities of a patentee; Practical aspects regarding
maintaining of a Patent file; Patent infringement meaning and scope. Significance of transfer technology
(TOT), IP and ethics-positive and negative aspects of IPP; Societal responsibility, avoiding unethical
practices.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. B. T. Loftus & R. A. Nash, "Pharmaceutical Process Validation", Drugs and Pharm Sci.
Series, Vol. 129, 3rd Ed., Marcel Dekker Inc., N.Y.
2. The Theory & Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 3rd edition, Leon Lachman, Herbert A.
Lieberman, Joseph. L. Karig, Varghese Publishing House, Bombay.
3. Validation Master plan by Terveeks or Deeks, Davis Harwood International publishing.
4. Validation of Aseptic Pharmaceutical Processes, 2nd Edition, by Carleton & Agalloco,
5. (Marcel Dekker).
6. Michael Levin, Pharmaceutical Process Scale-Up”, Drugs and Pharm. Sci. Series, Vol.
157,2nd Ed., Marcel Dekker Inc., N.Y.
7. Validation Standard Operating Procedures: A Step by Step Guide for Achieving
Compliance in the Pharmaceutical, Medical Device, and Biotech Industries, Syed Imtiaz
Haider
8. Pharmaceutical Equipment Validation: The Ultimate Qualification Handbook, Phillip A.
Cloud, Interpharm Press
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9. Validation of Pharmaceutical Processes: Sterile Products, Frederick J. Carlton (Ed.) and
James Agalloco (Ed.), Marcel Dekker
10. Analytical Method validation and Instrument Performance Verification by Churg Chan,
Heiman Lam, Y.C. Lee, Yue. Zhang, Wiley Interscience.
11. Huber L. Validation and Qualification in Analytical Laboratories. Informa Healthcare
12. Wingate G. Validating Corporate Computer Systems: Good IT Practice for
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers. Interpharm Press
13. LeBlanc DA. Validated Cleaning Technologies for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing.
Interpharm Press
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AUDITS AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE (MPA 203T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope
This course deals with the understanding and process for auditing in pharmaceutical industries.
This subject covers the methodology involved in the auditing process of different in
pharmaceutical industries.
Objectives
To understand the importance of auditing
To understand the methodology of auditing
To carry out the audit process
To prepare the auditing report
To prepare the check list for auditing
Unit-1: 12 Hrs
Introduction: Objectives, Management of audit, Responsibilities, Planning process, information
gathering, administration, Classifications of deficiencies .
Unit-2: 12 Hrs
Role of quality systems and audits in pharmaceutical manufacturing environment: cGMP
Regulations, Quality assurance functions, Quality systems approach, Management
responsibilities, Resource, Manufacturing operations, Evaluation activities, Transitioning to
quality system approach, Audit checklist for drug industries.
Unit-3: 12 Hrs
Auditing of vendors and production department: Bulk Pharmaceutical Chemicals and packaging
material Vendor audit, Warehouse and weighing, Dry Production: Granulation, tableting,
coating, capsules, sterile production and packaging.
Unit-4: 12 Hrs
Auditing of Microbiological laboratory: Auditing the manufacturing process, Product and
process information, General areas of interest in the building raw materials, Water, Packaging
materials.
Unit-5: 12 Hrs
Auditing of Quality Assurance and engineering department: Quality Assurance Maintenance,
Critical systems: HVAC, Water, Water for Injection systems, ETP.
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REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Compliance auditing for Pharmaceutical Manufacturers. Karen Ginsbury and Gil
Bismuth, Interpharm/CRC, Boca Raton, London New York, Washington D.C.
2. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Handbook, Regulations and Quality by Shayne Cox Gad.
Wiley-Interscience, A John Wiley and sons, Inc., Publications.
3. Handbook of microbiological Quality control. Rosamund M. Baird, Norman
A. Hodges, Stephen P. Denyar. CRC Press. 2000.
4. Laboratory auditing for quality and regulatory compliance. Donald C. Singer, Raluca-
loana Stefan, Jacobus F. Van Staden. Taylor and Francis (2005).
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PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY (MQA 204T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope
This course is designed to impart knowledge and skills necessary to train the students with the
industrial activities during Pharmaceutical Manufacturing.
Objectives
At completion of this course it is expected that students will be able to understand,
• The common practice in the pharmaceutical industry developments, plant layout and
production planning
• Will be familiar with the principles and practices of aseptic process technology, non sterile
manufacturing technology and packaging technology.
• Have a better understanding of principles and implementation of Quality by design (QbD) and
process analytical technology (PAT) in pharmaceutical manufacturing
Unit-1: 12 Hrs
Pharmaceutical industry developments: Legal requirements and Licenses for API and
formulation industry, Plant location- Factors influencing. Plant layout: Factors influencing,
Special provisions, Storage space requirements, sterile and aseptic area layout.
Production planning: General principles, production systems, calculation of standard cost,
process planning, routing, loading, scheduling, dispatching of records, production control.
Unit-2: 12 Hrs
Aseptic process technology: Manufacturing, manufacturing flowcharts, in process-quality control
tests for following sterile dosage forms: Ointment, Suspension and Emulsion, Dry powder,
Solution (Small Volume & large Volume). Advanced sterile product manufacturing
technology : Area planning & environmental control, wall and floor treatment, fixtures and
machineries, change rooms, personnel flow, utilities & utilities equipment location, engineering
and maintenance. Process Automation in Pharmaceutical Industry: With specific reference to
manufacturing of sterile semisolids, Small Volume Parenterals & Large Volume Parenterals
(SVP & LVP), Monitoring of Parenteral manufacturing facility, Cleaning in Place (CIP),
Sterilization in Place (SIP), Prefilled Syringe, Powdered Jet, Needle Free Injections, and
Form Fill Seal Technology (FFS).
Unit-3: 12 Hrs
Lyophilization technology: Principles, process, equipment Non sterile manufacturing

process technology: Manufacturing, manufacturing flowcharts, in process-quality control tests for
following Non-Sterile solid dosage forms: Tablets (compressed & coated), Capsules (Hard & Soft).
Advance non-sterile solid product manufacturing
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technology: Process Automation in Pharmaceutical Industry with specific reference to
manufacturing of tablets and coated products, Improved Tablet Production: Tablet production
process, granulation and pelletization equipments, continuous and batch mixing, rapid mixing
granulators, rota granulators, spheronizers and marumerisers, and other specialized granulation and
drying equipments. Problems encountered. Coating technology: Process, equipments,
particle coating, fluidized bed coating, application techniques. Problems encountered.
Unit-4: 12 Hrs
Containers and closures for pharmaceuticals: Types, performance, assuring quality of
glass; types of plastics used, Drug plastic interactions, biological tests, modification of plastics by
drugs; different types of closures and closure liners; film wrapper; blister packs; bubble packs;
shrink packaging; foil / plastic pouches, bottle seals, tape seals, breakable seals and sealed
tubes; quality control of packaging material and filling equipment, flexible packaging, product
package compatibility, transit worthiness of package, Stability aspects of packaging. Evaluation
of stability of packaging material.
Unit-5: 12 Hrs
Quality by design (QbD) and process analytical technology (PAT): Current

approach and its limitations. Why QbD is required, Advantages, Elements of QbD, Terminology:
QTPP. CMA, CQA, CPP, RLD, Design space, Design of Experiments, Risk Assessment
and mitigation/minimization. Quality by Design, Formulations by Design, QbD for drug
products, QbD for Drug Substances, QbD for Excipients, Analytical QbD. FDA initiative on
process analytical technology. PAT as a driver for improving quality and reducing costs: quality
by design (QbD), QA, QC and GAMP. PAT guidance, standards and regulatory requirements.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Lachman L, Lieberman HA, Kanig JL. The theory and practice of industrial
pharmacy, 3rd ed., Varghese Publishers, Mumbai 1991.
2. Sinko PJ. Martin's physical pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 5 ed., B.I.
th
Publications Pvt. Ltd, Noida, 2006.
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QUALITY ASSURANCE PRACTICAL – III PRACTICALS (MQA 205P)
Pharmaceutical validation
1 Organic contaminants residue analysis by HPLC
2 System suitability parameters for Gradient HPLC
3 Estimation of Metallic contaminants by Flame photometer
4 Identification of antibiotic residue by TLC
5 Estimation of Hydrogen Sulphide in Air.
6 Estimation of Chlorine in Work Environment.
7 Sampling and analysis of SO2 using Colorimetric method
8 Qualification of following Pharma equipment
a. Autoclave
b. Hot air oven
C.Powder Mixer (Dry)
d.Tablet Compression Machine
9 Validation of an analytical method for a drug by UV& HPLC
10 Validation of a processing area
11 Qualification of at least two analytical instruments
12 Cleaning validation of one equipment
13 Qualification of Pharmaceutical Testing Equipment (Dissolution testing apparatus,
Friability Apparatus, Disintegration Tester)
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QUALITY ASSURANCE PRACTICAL – IV PRACTICALS (MQA 206P)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology
1 Check list for Bulk Pharmaceutical Chemicals vendors
2 Check list for tableting production.
3 Check list for sterile production area
4 Check list for Water for injection.
5 Demonstrating the process of tablet compression using a tablet punching
machine.
6 Hands-on training on capsule filling machines to understand the process of
filling powders, pellets, or granules into hard gelatin capsules
7 Formulation and manufacturing of creams and ointments.
8 Performing quality control tests on pharmaceutical products, including
identification tests, assay determination, dissolution testing, and content
uniformity tests.
9 Practical exercises on Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
10 Preparation of suppositories using different bases and active ingredients.
11 Practical sessions on regulatory requirements and compliance in pharmaceutical
manufacturing
12 Design of plant layout: Sterile and non-sterile
13 Case study on application of QbD Case study on application of PAT.
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PHARMACEUTICAL REGULATORY AFFAIRS
GOOD REGULATORY PRACTICES (MRA 101T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope:
This course is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on various Good
Regulatory Practices viz., cGMP, GLP, GALP and GDP for Pharmaceuticals,
Cosmetics, Food & Nutraceuticals, Medical devices, In-vitro Diagnostic Medical
Devices (IVDs) and biological products and understand the rationale behind these
requirements and will propose ways and means of complying with them.
Objectives
At completion of this course it is expected that students will be able to understand,
The key regulatory and compliance elements with respect to Good Manufacturing
Practices, Good Laboratory Practices, Good Automated Laboratory Practices and
Good Documentation Practices.
Prepare and implement the check lists and SOPs for various Good Regulatory
Practices
Implement Good Regulatory Practices in the Healthcare and related Industries
Prepare for the readiness and conduct of audits and inspections
.
Unit-1: 12 Hrs
Current Good Manufacturing Practices: Introduction, US cGMP Part 210 and Part
211.EC Principles of GMP (Directive 91/356/EEC) Article 6 to Article 14 and WHO
cGMP guidelines GAMP-5; Medical device and IVDs Global Harmonization Task
Force(GHTF) Guidance docs.
Unit-2: 12 Hrs
Good Laboratory Practices: Introduction, USFDA GLP Regulations (Subpart A to Subpart K),
Controlling the GLP inspection process, Documentation, Audit, goals of Laboratory Quality
Audit, Audit tools, Future of GLP regulations, relevant ISO and Quality Council of India(QCI)
Standards
Unit-3: 12 Hrs
Good Automated Laboratory Practices: Introduction to GALP, Principles of GALP, GALP
Requirements, SOPs of GALP, Training Documentation,21 CFR Part 11, General check list of
21CFR Part 11, Software Evaluation checklist, relevant ISO and QCI Standards.
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Unit-4: 12 Hrs
Good Distribution Practices: Introduction to GDP, Legal GDP requirements put worldwide,
Principles, Personnel, Documentation, Premises and Equipment, Deliveries to Customers,
Returns, Self-Inspection, Provision of information, Stability testing principles, WHO GDP,
USP GDP (Supply chain integrity), relevant CDSCO guidance and ISO standards.
Unit-5: 12 Hrs
Quality management systems: Concept of Quality, Total Quality Management, Quality by
design, Six Sigma concept, Out of Specifications (OOS), Change control. Validation: Types of
Validation, Types of Qualification, Validation master plan (VMP), Analytical Method
Validation. Validation of utilities, [Compressed air, steam, water systems, Heat Ventilation and
Air conditioning (HVAC)]and Cleaning Validation. The International Conference on
Harmonization (ICH) process, ICH guidelines to establish quality, safety and efficacy of drug
substances and products, ISO 13485, Sch MIII and other relevant CDSCO regulatory guidance
documents
REFERENCE BOOKS
1.Good Laboratory Practice Regulations, by Sandy Weinberg, Fourth Edition Drugs and the
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol.168
90
DOCUMENTATION AND REGULATORY WRITING (MRA 102T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope
This course is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on documentation and general

principles involved in regulatory writing and submission to agencies.
Objectives
Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to,
Know the various documents pertaining to drugs in pharmaceutical industry
Understand the basics of regulatory compilation
Create and assemble the regulation submissionas per the requirements of agencies
Follow up the submissions and post approval document requirements
Unit-1: 12 Hrs
Documentation in pharmaceutical industry: Exploratory Product Development Brief
(EPDB) for Drug substance and Drug product, Product Development Plan (PDP), Product
Development Report (PDR), Master Formula Record, Batch Manufacturing Record and its
calculations, Batch Reconciliation, Batch Packaging Records, Print pack specifications,
Distribution records, Certificate of Analysis (CoA), Site Master File and Drug Master Files
(DMF)
Unit-2: 12 Hrs
Dossier preparation and submission: Introduction and overview of dossiers, contents and
organization of dossier, binders and sections, compilation and review of dossier. Paper
submissions, overview and modules of CTD, electronic CTD submissions; Electronic
submission: Planning electronic submission, requirements for submission, regulatory bindings
and requirements, Tool and Technologies, electronic dossier submission process and validating
the submission, Electronic Submission Gateway (ESG). Non eCTD electronic submissions
(NeeS), Asian CTD formats (ACTD) submission. Organizing, process and validation of
submission. Submission in Sugam system of CDSCO
Unit-3: 12 Hrs
Audits: Introduction, Definition, Summary, Types of audits, GMP compliance audit, Audit
policy, Internal and External Audits, Second Party Audits, External third party audits, Auditing
91
strategies, Preparation and conducting audit, Auditing strategies, audit analysis, audit report,
audit follow up. Auditing/inspection of manufacturing facilities by regulatory agencies.
Timelines for audits/inspection. GHTF study group 4 guidance document. ISO 13485.
Unit-4: 12 Hrs
Inspections: Pre-approval inspections, Inspection of pharmaceutical manufacturers,
Inspection of drug distribution channels, Quality systems requirements for national good
manufacturing practice inspectorates, inspection report, model certificate of good manufacturing
practices, Root cause analysis, Corrective and Preventive action (CAPA).
Unit-5: 12 Hrs
Product life cycle management: Prior Approval Supplement (PAS), Post Approval Changes
[SUPAC], Changes Being Effected in 30 Days (CBE-30), Annual Report, Post marketing
Reporting Requirements, Post approval Labeling Changes, Lifecycle Management, FDA
Inspection and Enforcement, Establishment Inspection Report (EIR), Warning Letters, Recalls,
Seizure and Injunctions. ISO Risk Management Standard.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Compliance auditing for Pharmaceutical Manufacturers. Karen Ginsbury and Gil
Bismuth, Interpharm/CRC, Boca Raton, London New York, Washington D.C.
2. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Handbook, Regulations and Quality by Shayne Cox
Gad. Wiley-Interscience, A John Wiley and sons, Inc., Publications.
3. Handbook of microbiological Quality control. Rosamund M. Baird, Norman A.
Hodges, Stephen P. Denyar. CRC Press. 2000.
4. Laboratory auditing for quality and regulatory compliance. Donald C. Singer, Raluca-
loana Stefan, Jacobus F. Van Staden. Taylor and Francis (2005).
5. Implementing Juran's Road Map for Quality Leadership: Benchmarks and Results, By
Al Endres, Wiley, 2000
6. Understanding, Managing and Implementing Quality: Frameworks, Techniques and
Cases, By Jiju Antony; David Preece, Routledge, 2002
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CLINICAL RESEARCH REGULATIONS (MRA 103T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope
This course is designed to impart the fundamental knowledge on the clinical
development process of drugs, pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices, phases and
conduct of clinical trials and research, regulations and guidance governing the
conduct of clinical research in India, USA and EU. It prepares the students to learn
in detail on various laws, legislations and guidance related to safety, efficacy, ethical
conduct and regulatory approval of clinical research.
Objectives
Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to (know, do and
appreciate)
History, origin and ethics of clinical and biomedical research and evaluation
Clinical drug, medical device development process and different types and phases
of clinical trials
Regulatory requirements and guidance for conduct of clinical trials and research
Unit-1: Clinical Drug Development Process

Different types of Clinical Studies
Phases of clinical trials, Clinical Trial protocol
Phase 0 studies
Phase I and subtype studies (single ascending, multiple ascending, dose
escalation, methods, food effect studies, drug – drug interaction, PK end points
Phase II studies (proof of concept or principle studies to establish efficacy)
Phase III studies (Multi ethnicity, global clinical trial, registration studies)
Phase IV studies (Post Marketing Studies; PSUR)
Clinical Investigation and Evaluation of Medical Devices & IVDs
Different Types of Studies: Key Concepts of Medical Device Clinical Evaluation
Key concepts of Clinical Investigation 12 hrs
Unit-2: Ethics in Clinical Research:

•Historical Perspectives: Nuremberg Code, Thalidomide study
, Nazis Trials, Tuskegee Syphilis Study, The Belmont Report, The declaration of
Helsinki
•Origin of International Conference on Harmonization - Good Clinical Practice
(ICH-GCP) guidelines.
•The ethics of randomized clinical trials •The role of placebo in clinical trials
•Ethics of clinical research in special population
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• Institutional Review Board/Independent Ethics Committee/Ethics
Committee – composition, roles, responsibilities, review and approval
process and ongoing monitoring of safety data
• Data safety monitoring boards.
• Responsibilities of sponsor, CRO, and investigator in ethical conduct of clinical
research
•Ethical principles governing informed consent process
•Patient Information Sheet and Informed Consent Form
•The informed consent process and documentation 12 hrs
Unit-3. Regulations governing Clinical Trials
India: Clinical Research regulations in India – Schedule Y & Medical Device Guidance
USA: Regulations to conduct drug studies in USA (FDA)
NDA 505(b)(1) of the FD&C Act (Application for approval of a new drug)
NDA 505(b)(2) of the FD&C Act (Application for approval of a new drug that relies, at least
in part, on data not developed by the applicant)
ANDA 505(j) of the FD&C Act (Application for approval of a generic drug product)
FDA Guidance for Industry - Acceptance of Foreign Clinical
Studies
FDA Clinical Trials Guidance Document: Good Clinical Practice
EU: Clinical Research regulations in European Union (EMA) 12 hrs
Unit-4 .Clinical Research Related Guidelines

Good Clinical Practice Guidelines (ICH GCP E6)
Indian GCP Guidelines
ICMR Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research
CDSCO guidelines
GHTF study group 5 guidance documents
Regulatory Guidance on Efficacy and Safety ICH Guidance’s
E4 –Dose Response Informationto support Drug Registration
E7 – Studies in support of General Population: Geriatrics
E8 – General Considerations of Clinical Trials
E10 – Choice of Control Groups and Related Issues in Clinical Trials,
E 11 – Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products in the Pediatric Population
General biostatics principle applied in clinical research 12 hrs
Unit-5.USA & EU Guidance USA: FDA Guidance

CFR 21Part 50: Protection of Human Subjects
CFR 21Part 54: Financial Disclosure by Clinical Investigators
CFR 21Part 312: IND Application
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CFR 21Part 314: Application for FDA Approval to Market a New Drug
CFR21Part320: Bioavailabilityandbioequivalence requirements
CFR 21Part 812: Investigational Device Exemptions
CFR 21Part 822: Post-market surveillance
FDA Safety Reporting Requirements for INDs and BA/BE Studies
FDA Med Watch Guidance for Industry: Good Pharmacovigilance Practices and
Pharmacoepidemiologic AssessmentEuropean Union: EMA Guidance
EU Directives 2001
EudraLex (EMEA) Volume 3 – Scientific guidelines for medicinal products for human use
EU Annual Safety Report (ASR)
Volume 9A – Pharmacovigilance for Medicinal Products for Human Use
EU MDD with respect to clinical research
ISO 14155 12 hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Clinical Trials and Human Research: A Practical Guide to Regulatory Compliance By
Fay A. Rozovsky and Rodney K. Adams
2. HIPAA and Human Subjects Research: A Question and Answer Reference Guide By
Mark Barnes, JD, LLM and Jennifer Kulynych, JD, PhD
3. Principles and Practices of Clinical Research, Second Edition Edited by John I. Gallin
and Frederick P. Ognibene
4. Reviewing Clinical Trials: A Guide for the Ethics Committee; Johan PE Karlberg and
Marjorie A Speers; Karlberg, Johan Petter Einar, Hong Kong.
5. International Pharmaceutical Product Registration: Aspects of Quality, Safety and
Efficacy; Anthony C. Cartwright; Taylor & Francis Inc., USA.
6. New Drug Approval Process: The Global Challenge; Guarino, Richard A; Marcel
Dekker Inc., NY.
7. FDA regulatory affairs: a guide for prescription drugs, medical devices, and biologics;
Douglas J. Pisano, David Mantus; CRC Press, USA
8. Country Specific Guidelines from official websites.Drugs & Cosmetics Act & Rules
and Amendments
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REGULATIONS AND LEGISLATION FOR DRUGS & COSMETICS, MEDICAL
DEVICES, BIOLOGICALS & HERBALS, AND FOOD & NUTRACEUTICALS IN
INDIA AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
(MRA 104T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope
This course is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on regulations and legislation in India
w.r.t. Drugs & Cosmetics, Medical Devices, Biologicals & Herbals, and Food & Nutraceuticals.
It prepares the students for basic regulatory requirements in India of Drugs & Cosmetics,
Medical Devices, Biologicals & Herbals, and Food & Nutraceuticals. for manufacture, import &
registration, export, sale, marketing authorization, clinical trials and intellectual property rights.
Objectives
Upon the completion of the course the student shall be able to:
Know different Acts and guidelines that regulate Drugs & Cosmetics, Medical Devices,
Biologicals & Herbals, and Food & Nutraceuticals industry in India.
Understand the approval process and regulatory requirements for
Drugs & Cosmetics, Medical Devices, Biologicals & Herbals, and Food & Nutraceuticals
Unit-1: Biologicals & Herbals, and Food & Nutraceuticals Acts and Rules (with latest
amendments):
1. Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945: DPCO and NPPA
2. Other relevant provisions (rules schedules and guidelines for approval of Drugs &
Cosmetics, Medical Devices, Biologicals & Herbals, and Food & Nutraceuticals
in India
Other relevant Acts: Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act; Medicinal and Toilet
Preparations (Excise Duties) Act, 1955; Pharmacy Act, 1948; Drugs and Magic Remedies
(Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1955; Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act. 10 Hrs
Unit-2: Regulatory requirements and approval procedures for Drugs & Cosmetics Medical
Devices, Biologicals & Herbals, and Food & Nutraceuticals CDSCO (Central Drug Standard
Control Organization) and State Licensing Authority: Organization, Responsibilities 10 hrs
Rules, regulations, guidelines and standards for regulatory filing of Drugs & Cosmetics,
Medical Devices, Biologicals & Herbals, and Food & Nutraceuticals
Format and contents of Regulatory dossier filing Clinical trial/ investigations
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Unit-3: Indian Pharmacopoeial Standards, BIS standards and ISO and other relevant standards
10 Hrs
Unit-4: Bioavailability and Bioequivalence data (BA &BE), BCS Classification of Drugs,
Regulatory Requirements for Bioequivalence study Stability requirements: ICH and WHO
Guidelines for Drug testing in animals/Preclinical StudiesAnimal testing: Rationale for
conducting studies, CPCSEA Guidelines Ethical guidelines for human participants ICMR-DBT
Guidelines for Stem Cell Research 10 Hrs
Unit-5: Intellectual Property Rights: Patent, Trademark, Copyright, Industrial Designs and
Geographical Indications, Indian Patent Scenario. IPR vs Regulatory Affairs. 10 Hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Manual of Patent Practice & Procedure, 3rd Edition, by The Patent Office of India
2. Patent Failure How Judges, Bureaucrats, and Lawyers put innovators at risk by James
Bessen and Michael J. Meurer
3. Principles and Practice of Clinical Trial Medicine by Richard Chin and Bruce Y. Lee
4. Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research on Human Participants by Indian Council of
Medical Research New delhi 2006.
CPCSEA Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Facility by Committee for the purpose of control
and supervision on experiments on animals (CPCSEA)
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REGULATORY AFFAIRS PRACTICAL - I (MRA 105P)
List of Experiments:
1. Case studies (4 Nos.) of each of Good Pharmaceutical Practices.
2. Documentation for in process and finished products Quality control tests for Solid,
liquid, Semisolid and Sterile preparations.
3. Preparation of SOPs, Analytical reports (Stability and validation)
4. Protocol preparation for documentation of various types of records (BMR, MFR,
DR)Labeling comparison between brand & generics.
5. Preparation of regulatory dossier as per Indian CTD format and submission in SUGAM
6. Case studies on response with scientific rationale to USFDA Warning Letter
7. Preparation of submission checklist of IMPD for EU submission.
8. Comparison study of marketing authorization procedures in EU.
REGULATORY AFFAIRS PRACTICAL –II

(MRA 106 P)
1. Case studies on Change Management/ Change control. Deviations and Corrective &
Preventive Actions (CAPA)
2. Import of drugs for research and developmental activities
3. GMP Audit Requirements as per CDSCO
4. Preparation of checklist for registration of IND as per ICH CTD format.
5. Preparation of checklist for registration of NDA as per ICH CTD format.
6. Preparation of checklist for registration of ANDA as per ICH CTD format.
7. Comparative study of DMF system in US, EU and Japan
8. Preparation of regulatory submission using eCTD software
9. Documentation of raw materials analysis as per official monographs
10. Preparation of audit checklist for various agencies
11. Preparation of submission to FDA using eCTD software
12. Preparation of submission to EMA using eCTD software
13. Preparation of submission to MHRA using eCTD software
98
SEMESTER II
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF DRUGS & COSMETICS (MRA 201T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope
This course is designed to impart the fundamental knowledge on the drug development process,
regulatory requirements for approval of new drugs, drug products and cosmetics in regulated and
semi-regulated countriesIt prepares the students to learn in detail on the regulatory requirements,
documentation requirements, and registration procedures for marketing the drug products and
cosmetics in regulated and semi-regulated countries.
Objectives
Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to know
process of drug discovery and development and generic product development
regulatory approval process and registration procedures for API and drug products in US, EU
Cosmetics regulations in regulated and semi-regulated countries
A comparative study of India with other global regulated markets
Unit-1. USA & CANADA: Organization structure and functions of FDA. Federal register and
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), History and evolution of United States Federal, Food, Drug
and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), Hatch Waxman act and Orange book, Purple book, Drug Master
Files (DMF) system in US, Regulatory Approval
Process for Investigational New Drug (IND), New Drug Application (NDA), Abbreviated New
Drug Application (ANDA), Supplemental New Drug Application (SNDA); Regulatory
requirements for Orphan drugs and Combination Products, Changes to an approved NDA /
ANDA. Regulatory considerations for manufacturing, packaging and labeling of pharmaceuticals
in USA. Legislation and regulations for import, manufacture, distribution and sale of cosmetics
in USA and Canada. 12 Hrs
Unit-2: European Union & Australia: Organization and structure of EMA & EDQM, General
guidelines, Active Substance Master Files (ASMF) system in EU, Content and approval process
of IMPD, Marketing Authorization procedures in EU (Centralized procedure
Decentralized procedure, Mutual recognition procedure and National Procedure). Regulatory
considerations for manufacturing, packaging and labeling of pharmaceuticals in EU, Eudralex
directives for human medicines, Variations & extensions, Compliance of European
Pharmacopoeia (CEP)/ Certificate of Suitability (CoS), Marketing Authorization (MA)
transfers, Qualified Person (QP) in EU. Legislation and regulations for import, manufacture,
distribution and sale of cosmetics in European Union & Australia. 12 HRS
99
Unit-3: Japan: Organization of the PMDA, Pharmaceutical Laws and regulations, types of
registration applications, DMF system in Japan, drug regulatory approval process, Regulatory
considerations for manufacturing, packaging and labeling of pharmaceuticals in Japan, Post
marketing surveillance in Japan. Legislation and regulations for import, manufacture,
distribution and sale of cosmetics in Japan. 12 Hrs
Unit-4.Emerging Market: Introduction, Countries covered, Study of the world map,study of
various committees across the globe (ASEAN, APEC, EAC, GCC, PANDRH, SADC)
WHO: WHO, GMP, Regulatory Requirements for registration of drugs and post approval
requirements in WHO through prequalification programme, Certificate of Pharmaceutical
Product (CoPP) - General and Country Specific (South Africa, Egypt, Algeria and Morocco,
Nigeria, Kenya and Botswana) 12 hrs
Unit-5. Brazil, ASEAN, CIS and GCC Countries: ASIAN Countries: Introduction to
ACTD, Regulatory Requirements for registration of drugs and post approval requirements in
China and South Korea & Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Region i.e.
Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
CIS (Commonwealth Independent States): Regulatory pre- requisites related to Marketing
authorization requirements for drugs and post approval requirements in CIS countries i.e. Russia,
Kazakhstan and Ukraine GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) for Arab states: Regulatory pre-
requisites related to Marketing authorization requirements for drugs and post approval
requirements in Saudi Arabia and UAE Legislation and regulations for import, manufacture,
distribution and sale of cosmetics in Brazil, ASEAN, CIS and GCC Countries. 12 hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Generic Drug Product Development, Solid Oral Dosage forms, Leon Shargel and Isader
Kaufer, Marcel Dekker series, Vol.143
2.The Pharmaceutical Regulatory Process, Edited by Ira R. Berry Marcel Dekker Series, Vol.144
3. The Pharmaceutical Regulatory Process, Second Edition Edited by Ira R. Berry and Robert P.
Martin, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol.185 Informa Health care Publishers
4. Guidebook for drug regulatory submissions / Sandy Weinberg. By John Wiley & Sons. Inc
100
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF HERBAL AND BIOLOGICALS (MRA 202T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope
This course is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on Regulatory Requirements,
Licensing and Registration, Regulation on Labelling of Biologics in India, USA and Europe
It prepares the students to learn in detail on Regulatory Requirements for
biologics, Vaccines and Blood Products
Objectives
Upon the completion of the course the student shall be able to :
•Know the regulatory Requirements for Biologics and Vaccines
•Understand the regulation for newly developed biologics and biosimilars
•Know the pre-clinical and clinical development considerations of biologics
•Understand the Regulatory Requirements of Blood and/or Its
Components Including Blood Products and label requirements
Unit1: India : Introduction, Applicable Regulations and Guidelines , Principles for Development
of Similar Biologics, Data Requirements for Preclinical Studies, Data Requirements for Clinical
Trial Application, Data Requirements for Market Authorization Application, Post-Market Data
for Similar Biologics, Pharmacovigilance. GMP and GDP. 12 HRS
Unit-2: USA: Introduction to Biologics; biologics, biological and biosimilars, different biological
products, difference between generic drug and biosimilars, laws, regulations and guidance on
biologics/ biosimilars, development and approval of biologics and biosimilars (IND, PMA, BLA,
NDA, 510(k), pre-clinical and clinical development considerations, advertising, labelling and
packing of biologics . 12 hrs
Unit-3.European Union: Introduction to Biologics; directives, scientific guidelines and
guidance related to biologics in EU, comparability/ biosimilarity assessment, Plasma
master file, TSE/ BSE evaluation, development and regulatory approval of biologics
(Investigational medicinal products and biosimilars), pre-clinical and clinical development
considerations;stability, safety, advertising, labelling and packing of biologics in EU 12 Hrs
Unit-4. Vaccine regulations in India, US and European Union: Clinical evaluation, Marketing
authorisation, Registration or licensing, Quality assessment, Pharmacovigilance, Additional
requirements Blood and Blood Products Regulations in India, US and European Union:
Regulatory Requirements of Blood and/or Its Components Including Blood Products,
101
LabelRequirements, ISBT (International Society of Blood Transfusion) and IHN (International
Haemovigilence Network) 12 hrs
5.Herabal Producats: Quality, safety and legislation for herbal products in India, USA and
European Union 12 hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. FDA Regulatory Affairs: A Guide for Prescription Drugs, Medical Devices, and Biologics,
Douglas J. Pisano , David S. Mantus ; Informa ,2008
2.Development of Vaccines: From Discovery to Clinical Testing; Manmohan Singh , Indresh K.
Srivastava ;Wiley, 2011
3.BiologicalDrugProducts:DevelopmentandStrategies;Wei Wang , Manmohan Singh ; wiley
,2013
102
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF MEDICAL DEVICES (MRA 203T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope
This course is designed to impart the fundamental knowledge on the medical devices and in vitro
diagnostics, basis of classification and product life cycle of medical devices, regulatory
requirements for approval of medical devices in regulated countries like US, EU and Asian
countries along with WHO regulations. It prepares the students to learn in detail on the
harmonization initiatives, quality and ethical considerations, regulatory and documentation
requirements for marketing medical devices and IVDs in regulated countries.
Objectives
Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to know
•basics of medical devices and IVDs, process of development, ethical and quality considerations
•harmonization initiatives for approval and marketing of medical devices and IVDs
•regulatory approval process for medical devices and IVDs in India, US, Canada, EU, Japan and
ASEAN
•clinical evaluation and investigation of medical devices and IVDs
Unit-1 Medical Devices: Introduction, Definition, Risk based classification and Essential
Principles of Medical Devices and IVDs. Differentiating medical devices IVDs and Combination
Products from that of pharmaceuticals, History of Medical Device Regulation, Product Lifecycle
of Medical Devices and Classification of Medical Devices.
IMDRF/GHTF: Introduction, Organizational Structure, Purpose and Functions, Regulatory
Guidelines, Working Groups, Summary Technical Document (STED), Global Medical Device
Nomenclature (GMDN). 12 Hrs
Unit-2 : Ethics: Clinical Investigation of Medical Devices, Clinical Investigation Plan for
Medical Devices, Good Clinical Practice for Clinical Investigation of medical devices (ISO
14155:2011) Quality: Quality System Regulations of Medical Devices: ISO 13485, Quality Risk
Management of Medical Devices: ISO 14971, Validation and Verification of Medical device,
Adverse Event Reporting of Medical device 12 hrs
Unit-3: USA: Introduction, Classification, Regulatory approval process for Medical Devices
(510k) Premarket Notification, Pre-Market Approval (PMA), Investigational Device
Exemption (IDE) and In vitro Diagnostics, Quality System Requirements 21 CFR Part 820,
Labeling requirements 21 CFR Part 801, Post marketing surveillance of MD and Unique Device
Identification (UDI). Basics of In vitro diagnostics, classification and approval process. 12Hrs
103
Unit- 4 : European Union: Introduction, Classification, Regulatory approval process for Medical
Devices (Medical Device Directive, Active Implantable Medical Device Directive) and In vitro
Diagnostics (In Vitro Diagnostics Directive), CE certification process. Basics of In vitro
diagnostics, classification and approval process 12 hrs
Unit-5: ASEAN, China & Japan: Medical Devices and IVDs, Regulatory registration
procedures, Quality System requirements and clinical evaluation and investigation.
IMDRF study groups and guidance documents. 12 hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. FDA regulatory affairs: a guide for prescription drugs, medical devices, and biologics by
Douglas J. Pisano, David Mantus.
2. Medical Device Development: A Regulatory Overview by Jonathan S.Kahan
3. Medical Product Regulatory Affairs: Pharmaceuticals, Diagnostics, Medical Devices by

John J. Tobin and Gary Walsh
4. Compliance Handbook for Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices and Biologics by Carmen

MedinaCountry Specific Guidelines from official websites
104
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF FOOD & NUTRACEUTICALS (MRA 204T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope
This course is designed to impart the fundamental knowledge on Regulatory
Requirements, Registration and Labeling Regulations of Nutraceuticals in India, USA and
Europe. It prepares the students to learn in detail on Regulatory Aspects for nutraceuticals
and food supplements.
Objectives
Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to
Know the regulatory Requirements for nutraceuticals
Understand the regulation for registration and labeling of nutraceuticals and food
supplements in India, USA and Europe.
Unit-1: Nutraceuticals: Introduction, History of Food and Nutraceutical Regulations,

Meaning of Nutraceuticals, Dietary Supplements, Functional Foods, Medical Foods,
Scope and Opportunities in Nutraceutical Market. 12 hrs
Unit-2: Global Aspects: WHO guidelines on nutrition. NSF International: Its Role in the
Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals Industries, NSF Certification, NSF Standards for
Food And Dietary Supplements. Good Manufacturing Practices for Nutraceuticals. 12 hrs
Unit-3: India : Food Safety and Standards Act, Food Safety and Standards Authority of
India: Organization and Functions, Regulations for import, manufacture and sale of
nutraceutical products in India, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) in India.
12 hrs
Unit-4: USA: US FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, Dietary Supplement Health and
Education Act. U.S. regulations for manufacture and sale of nutraceuticals and dietary
supplements, Labelling Requirements and Label Claims for Dietary Supplements,
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) in the U.S 12 hrs
Unit-5: European Union: European Food Safety Authority (EFSA): Organization and
Functions. EU Directives and regulations for manufacture and sale of nutraceuticals and
dietary supplements. Nutrition labelling. European Regulation on Novel Foods and Novel
Food Ingredients. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) in Europe. 12 Hrs
105
REFEERENCE BOOKS:
1. Regulation of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: A Global Perspective by Clare M.
Hasler (Wiley Online Library)
2. Handbook of Nutraceuticals by Yashwant Pathak
106
REGULATORY AFFAIRS PRACTICAL - III (MRA 205P)
1. Preparation of Biologics License Applications (BLA)
2. Preparation of documents required for Vaccine Product Approval
3. Comparison of clinical trial application requirements of US, EU and India of Biologics
4. Preparation of Checklist for Registration of Blood and Blood Products
5. Registration requirement comparison study in 5 emerging markets (WHO) and preparing

check list for market authorization
6. Registration requirement comparison study in emerging markets (BRICS) and preparing

7. Registration requirement comparison study in emerging markets (China and South

Korea) and preparing check list for market authorization
8. Registration requirement comparison study in emerging markets (ASEAN) and

preparing check list for market authorization
9. Registration requirement comparison study in emerging markets (GCC) and preparing

10. Preparation of document required for the approval of herbal products of diverse dosage
forms(3products) as per regulations requirements
REGULATORY AFFAIRS PRACTICAL - IV (MRA 206 P)
1. Checklists for 510k and PMA for USmarket
2. Checklist for CE marking for various classes of devices for EU
3. STED Application for Class III Devices
4. Audit Checklist for Medical Device Facility
5. Clinical Investigation Plan for Medical Devices
6. Preparation and submission of medical devices for approval (3 products)
7. GMP of manufacturing of medical devices of diverse nature (3 products)
8. preparation and submission of nutraceuticals devices for approval (3 products)
107
PHARMACY PRACTICE
CLINICAL PHARMACY PRACTICE (MPP 101T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope: This course is designed to impart the basic knowledge and skills that are
required to practice pharmacy including the provision of pharmaceutical care services
to both healthcare professionals and patients in clinical settings.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course it is expected that students shall be able to :
Understand the elements of pharmaceutical care and provide comprehensive patient

care services
Interpret the laboratory results to aid the clinical diagnosis of various disorders
Provide integrated, critically analyzed medicine and poison information to enable

healthcare professionals in the efficient patient management
Unit-1: Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy: Definition, evolution and scope of

clinical pharmacy, International and national scenario of clinical pharmacy practice,
Pharmaceutical care Clinical Pharmacy Services: Ward round participation, Drug
therapy review (Drug therapy monitoring including medication order review, chart
endorsement, clinical review and pharmacist interventions) 12 hrs
Unit-2: Clinical Pharmacy Services: Patient medication history interview, Basic concept
of medicine and poison information services, Basic concept of pharmacovigilance,
Hemovigilance, Materiovigilance and AEFI, Patient medication counselling, Drug
utilisation evaluation, Documentation of clinical pharmacy services, Quality assurance of
clinical pharmacy services. 12 hrs
Unit-3: Patient Data Analysis: Patient Data & Practice Skills: Patient's case history - its
structure and significances in drug therapy management, Common medical

abbreviations and terminologies used in clinical practice, Communication skills:
verbal and non-verbal communications, its applications in patient care services Lab
Data Interpretation: Hematological tests, Renal function tests, Liver function tests
12 hrs
Unit-4:Lab Data Interpretation: Tests associated with cardiac disorders, Pulmonary

function tests, Thyroid function tests, Fluid and electrolyte balance, Microbiological
culture sensitivity tests. 12 Hrs
108
Unit-5: Medicines & Poison Information Services Medicine Information Service:
Definition and need for medicine information service, Medicine information resources,
Systematic approach in answering medicine information queries, Preparation of verbal
and written response, Establishing a drug information centre. Poison Information Service:
Definition, need, organization and functions of poison information centre
12 hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacy Practice – Essential concepts and skills – Parthasarathi

G, Karin Nyfort-Hansen and Milap Nahata
2. Practice Standards and Definitions - The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia
3. Basic skills in interpreting laboratory data - Scott LT, American Society of Health System
Pharmacists Inc
4. Relevant review articles from recent medical and pharmaceutical literature
109
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS-I (MPP 102T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope: This course aims to enable the students to understand the different treatment
approaches in managing various disease conditions. Also, it imparts knowledge and
skills in optimizing drug therapy of a patient by individualizing the treatment plan
through evidence-based medicines.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course it is expected that students shall be able to:
Describe and explain the rationale for drug therapy
Summarize the therapeutic approach for management of various disease conditions
including reference to the latest available evidence
Discuss the clinical controversies in drug therapy and evidence based medicine
Prepare individualized therapeutic plans based on diagnosis
Identify the patient specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy, and
monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time- course of clinical and laboratory
indices of therapeutic response and adverse effect/s)
Etiopathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of diseases associated with following systems
Unit-1: Cardiovascular system: Hypertension, Congestive cardiac failure, Acute coronary

syndrome, Arrhythmias, Hyperlipidemias.
Unit-2-Respiratory system: Asthma, Chronic obstructive airways disease, Drug induced

pulmonary diseases Endocrine system: Diabetes, Thyroid diseases
Unit-3: Gastrointestinal system: Pepticulcerdiseases,Reflux esophagitis, Inflammatory

bowel diseases, Jaundice & hepatitis
Unit-4: Gastrointestinal system: Cirrhosis, Diarrhea and Constipation, Drug-induced liver

disease, Hematological diseases: Anemia, Deep vein thrombosis, Drug induced
hematological disorders
Unit-5: Bone and joint disorders: Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Gout, Osteoporosis
Dermatological Diseases: Psoriasis, Eczema and scabies, impetigo, drug induced skin
disorders Ophthalmology: Conjunctivitis, Glaucoma
110
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Roger and Walker. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics - Churchill Livingstone

publication
2. Joseph T. Dipiro et al. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach- Appleton &

Lange Robins SL. Pathologic basis of disease -W.B. Saunders publication
111
HOSPITAL & COMMUNITY PHARMACY (MPP 103T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope: This course is designed to impart basic knowledge and skills that
are required to practice pharmacy in both hospital and community
settings
Objectives
Understand the organizational structure of hospital pharmacy
Understand drug policy and drug committees
Know about procurement & drug distribution practices
Know the admixtures of radiopharmaceuticals
Understand the community pharmacy management
Know about value added services in community pharmacies
Unit-1: Introduction to Hospitals – Definition, classification, organizational structure

Hospital Pharmacy: Definition, Relationship of hospital pharmacy department with other
departments, Organizational structure, legal requirements, work load statistics,
Infrastructural requirements, Hospital Pharmacy Budget and Hospital Pharmacy
management
Hospital Drug Policy: Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee,
Infection Control committee, Research & Ethics Committee, Management of Medicines
as per NABH. 12 hrs
Unit-2 : Hospital Formulary Guidelines and its development, Developing Therapeutic

guidelines, Drug procurement process, and methods of Inventory control, Methods of
Drug distribution, Intravenous admixtures, Hospital Waste Management. 12 hrs
Unit-3: Education and training: Training of technical staff, training and continuing
education for pharmacists, Pharmacy students, Medical staff and students, Nursing staff
and students, Formal and informal meetings and lectures, Drug and therapeutics
newsletter. Community Pharmacy Practice: Definition, roles & responsibilities of
community pharmacists, and their relationship with other health care providers.
Community Pharmacy management: Legal requirements to start community
pharmacy, site selection, lay out & design, drug display, super drug store model, accounts
and audits, Good dispensing practices, Different softwares & databases used in
community pharmacies. Entrepreneurship in community pharmacy 12 Hrs
Unit-4: Prescription – Legal requirements & interpretation, prescription related problems
112
Responding to symptoms of minor ailments: Head ache, pyrexia, menstrual pains,
food and drug allergy, OTC medication: Rational use of over the counter medications
Medication counseling and use of patient information leaflets Medication adherence –
Definition, factors influencing adherence behavior, strategies to improve medication
adherence Patient referrals to the doctors ,ADR monitoring in community pharmacies.
12 hrs
Unit-5: Health Promotion – Definition and health promotion activities, family planning,
Health screening services, first aid, prevention of communicable and non-communicable
diseases, smoking cessation, Child & mother care National Health Programs- Role of
Community Pharmacist in Malaria and TB control programs Home Medicines review
program – Definition, objectives, Guidelines, method and outcomes Research in
community pharmacy Practice . 12 hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Hospital Pharmacy - Hassan WE. Lea and Febiger publication.
2. Textbook of hospital pharmacy - Allwood MC and Blackwell.

3. Avery’s Drug Treatment, Adis International Limited.
4. Community Pharmacy Practice – Ramesh Adepu, BSP Publishers, Hyderabad
5.Remington Pharmaceutical Sciences
113
CLINICAL RESEARCH (MPP 104T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope: This course aims to provide the students an opportunity to learn drug development
process especially the phases of clinical trials and also the ethical issues involved in the conduct
of clinical research. Also, it aims to imparts knowledge and develop skills on conceptualizing,
designing, conducting and managing clinical trials
Objectives
Know the new drug development process.
Understand the regulatory and ethical requirements.
Appreciate and conduct the clinical trials activities
Know safety monitoring and reporting in clinical trials
Manage the trial coordination process
Unit-1: Drug development process: Introduction, various approaches to drug discovery,

Investigational new drug application submission Ethics in Biomedical Research: Ethical
Issues in Biomedical Research – Principles of ethics in biomedical research, Ethical
committee [institutional review board] - its constitution and functions, Challenges in
implementation of ethical guidelines, ICH GCP guidelines and ICMR guidelines in
conduct of Clinical trials, Drug Safety Reporting. 12 Hrs
Unit-2: Types and Designs used in Clinical Research: Planning and execution of clinical
trials, Various Phases of clinical trials, Bioavailability and Bioequivalence studies,
Randomization techniques (Simple randomization, restricted randomization, blocking
method and stratification), Types of research designs based on Controlling Method
(Experimental, Quasi experimental, and Observational methods) Time Sequences
(Prospective and Retrospective), Sampling methods (Cohort study, case Control study
and cross sectional study), Health outcome measures (Clinical & Physiological,
Humanistic and economic) Clinical Trial Study team: Roles and responsibilities of:
Investigator, Study Coordinator, Sponsor, Monitor, Contract Research Organization
12hrs
Unit-3: Clinical trial Documents: Guidelines to the preparation of following documents:

Protocols, Investigator’s Brochure, Informed Consent Form, Case report forms, Contracts
and agreements, Dairy Cards
Clinical Trial Start up activities: Site Feasibility Studies, Site/Investigator selection,
Pre-study visit, Investigator meeting, Clinical trial agreement execution, Ethics
committee document preparation and submission. 12 Hrs
114
Unit-4: Investigational Product: Procurement and Storage of investigation product
Filing procedures: Essential documents for clinical trial, Trial Master File preparation and
maintenance, Investigator Site File, Pharmacy File, Site initiation visit, Conduct, Report
and Follow up
Clinical Trial Monitoring and Close out: Preparation and conduct of monitoring visit:
Review of source documents, CRF, ICF, IP storage, accountability and reconciliation,
Study Procedure, EC communications, Safety reporting, Monitoring visit reporting and
follow-up Close-Out visit: Study related documents collection, Archival
requirement, Investigational Product reconciliation and destruction, Close-Out visit
report. 12 hrs
Unit-5: Quality Assurance and Quality Control in Clinical Trials: Types of
audits, Audit criteria, Audit process, Responsibilities of stakeholders in audit process,
Audit follow-up and documentation, Audit resolution and Preparing for FDA inspections,
Fraud and misconduct management
Data Management Infrastructure and System Requirement for Data
Management: Electronic data capture systems, Selection and implementation of new
systems, System validation and test procedures, Coding dictionaries, Data migration and
archival Clinical Trial Data Management: Standard Operating Procedures, Data
management plan, CRF & Data base design considerations, Study set-up, Data entry, CRF
tracking and corrections, Data cleaning, Managing laboratory and ADR data, Data
transfer and database lock, Quality Control and Quality Assurance in CDM, Data mining
and warehousing 12 hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Principles and practice of pharmaceutical medicine, Second edition. Authors:Lionel. D.

Edward, Aadrew.J.Flether Anthony W Fos , Peter D Sloaier Publisher:Wiley;
2. Handbook of clinical research. Julia Lloyd and Ann Raven Ed. Churchill Livingstone
3. Principles of Clinical Research edited by Giovanna di Ignazio, Di Giovanna and Haynes.
4. Central Drugs Standard Control Organization. Good Clinical Practices- Guidelines for
Clinical Trials on Pharmaceutical Products in India. New Delhi: Ministry of Health.
5. International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical requirements for registration of
Pharmaceuticals for human use. ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline. Guideline for
Good Clinical Practice.E6; May 1996.
6. Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research on Human Subjects. Indian Council of
Medical Research, New Delhi.
7. Textbook of Clinical Trials edited by David Machin, Simon Day and Sylvan Green, John
Wiley and Sons.
8. Clinical Data Management edited by R K Rondels, S A Varley, C F Webbs. Second
Edition, Jan 2000, Wiley Publications.
9. Goodman & Gilman: JG Hardman, LE Limbard, McGraw Hill Publications.
Relevant review articles from recent medical and pharmaceutical literature
115
PHARMACY PRACTICE PRACTICAL – I (MPP 105P)
The students are required to be posted to various clinical wards for their exposure with
therapeutic management and other clinical aspects. They are expected to have experience and do
a tutorial as well as case presentation in the following clinical conditions. The students have to
make at least 10 case presentations covering most common diseases found in the hospital to
which the college is attached. The student should also submit a record of the cases presented.
The list of clinical cases presented should include follow-up of the clinical cases mentioned
below from the day of admission till discharge and presented in the SOAP (Subjective,
Objective, Assessment and Plan) format.
1. Treatment Chart Review (one)

2. Medication History Interview (one)
3. Patient Medication Counseling (two)
4. Drug Information Query (two)
5. Poison Information Query (one)
6. Lab Data Interpretation (two)
7. ABC Analysis of a given list of medications (one)
8. Preparation of content of a medicine, with proper justification, for the inclusion in the
hospital formulary (one)
9. Formulation and dispensing of a given IV admixtures (one)
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Roger and Walker. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics – Churchill Livingstone
publication
2. Joseph T. Dipiro et al. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach-Appleton &
Lange
3. Robins SL. Pathologic basis of disease -W.B. Saunders publication
4. Eric T. Herfindal. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics- Williams and Wilkins
Publication
5. Lloyd Young and Koda-Kimble MA Applied Therapeutics: The clinical Use of Drugs-
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins

6. Chisholm- Burns Wells Schwinghammer Malone and Joseph P Dipiro.
Pharmacotherapy Principles and practice-– McGraw Hill Publication
116
PHARMACY PRACTICE PRACTICAL – II (MPP 106P)
therapeutic management and other clinical aspects. They are expected to have experience and do
a tutorial as well as case presentation in the following clinical conditions. The students have to
make at least 10 case presentations covering most common diseases found in the hospital to
which the college is
attached. The student should also submit a record of the cases presented. The list of clinical cases
presented should include follow-up of the clinical cases mentioned below from the day of
admission till discharge and presented in the SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment and
Plan) format.
1. Presentation of clinical cases of various disease conditions adopting Pharmaceutical Care
Plan Model (eight). The cases may be selected from the following Wards:
 Gastroenterology
 Cardiology
 Pulmonology
 Orthopedics
 Endocrinology
 Dermatology
2. Preparation of a patient information leaflet (two)
3. Preparation of Study Protocol (one)
4. Preparation of Informed Consent Form (one)
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Practice Standards and Definitions - The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia
2. Thomas J Johnson, Critical Care Pharmacotherapeutics
3. Collen D L, Sneha B S, Fundamental Skills for Patient Care in MPP
4. Patient Assessment in Pharmacy, by Yolanda M H
5. Relevant review articles from recent medical and pharmaceutical literature
117
SEMESTER-II
PRINCIPLES OF QUALITY USE OF MEDICINES (MPP 201T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope: This course is designed to impart basic knowledge and skills that are required to practice
quality use of medicines (QUM) in different healthcare settings and also to promote quality use
of medicines, in clinical practice, through evidence-based medicine approach.
Objectives:
Understand the principles of quality use of medicines
Know the benefits and risks associated with use of medicines
Understand regulatory aspects of quality use of medicines
Identify and resolve medication related problems
Promote quality use of medicines
Practice evidence-based medicines
Unit-1: Introduction to Quality use of medicines (QUM): Definition and Principles of QUM, Key
partners and responsibilities of the partners, Building blocks in QMC, Evaluation process in
QMC, Communication in QUM, Cost effective prescribing. 12 hrs
Unit-2:Concepts in QUM Evidence based medicine: Definition, concept of evidence based
medicine, Approach and practice of evidence based medicine in clinical settings Essential drugs:
Definition, need, concept of essential drug, National essential drug policy and list.
Rational drug use: Definition, concept and need for rational drug use, Rational drug prescribing,
Role of pharmacist in rational drug use. 12 hrs
Unit-3: QUM in various settings: Hospital settings, Ambulatory care/Residential care, Role
of health care professionals in promoting the QUM, Strategies to promote the QUM, Impact
of QUM on E-health, integrative medicine and multidisciplinary care. QUM in special
population: Pediatric prescribing, Geriatric prescribing, Prescribing in pregnancy and lactation,
Prescribing in immune compromised and organ failure patients. 12 hrs
Unit-4: Regulatory aspects of QUM in India: Regulation including scheduling, Regulation of

complementary medicines, Regulation of OTC medicines, Professional responsibility of
pharmacist, Role of industry in QUM in medicine development. 12 hrs
Unit-5: Medication errors: Definition, categorization and causes of medication errors, Detection
and prevention of medication errors, Role of pharmacist in monitoring and management of
medication errors Pharmacovigilance: Definition, aims and need for
pharmacovigilance, Types, predisposing factors and mechanism of adverse drug reactions
(ADRs), Detection, reporting and monitoring of ADRs, Causality assessment of ADRs,
Management of ADRs, Role of pharmacist in pharmacovigilance. 12hrs
118
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacy Practice – Essential concepts and skills – Parthasarathi
G, Karin Nyfort-Hansen and Milap Nahata
2. Andrews EB, Moore N. Mann’s Pharmacovigilance
3. Dipiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach
4. Straus SE, Richardson WS, Glasziou P, Haynes RB. Evidence-Based Medicine: How
to practice and teach it
5. Cohen MR. Medication Errors
119
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS II (MPP 202T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope: This course aims to enable the students to understand the different treatment
approaches in managing various disease conditions. Also, it imparts knowledge and skills
in optimizing drug therapy of a patient by individualizing the treatment plan through
evidence-based medicines.
Objectives
• Describe and explain the rationale for drug therapy
• Summarize the therapeutic approach for management of various disease conditions
including reference to the latest available evidence
• Discuss the clinical controversies in drug therapy and evidence based medicine
• Prepare individualized therapeutic plans based on diagnosis
• Identify the patient specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy, and
monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time- course of clinical and laboratory indices
of therapeutic response and adverse effect/s
Unit-1: Nervous system: Epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Stroke, Headache, Alzheimer’s

disease, Neuralgias and Pain pathways and Pain management. 12 hrs
Unit-2: Psychiatric disorders: Schizophrenia, Depression, Anxiety disorders, Sleep

disorders, Drug induced psychiatric disorders Renal system: Acute renal failure, Chronic
renal failure, Renal dialysis, Drug induced renal disease 12 hrs
Unit-3: Infectious diseases: General guidelines for the rational use of antibiotics and
surgical prophylaxis, Urinary tract infections, Respiratory tract infections, Gastroenteritis,
Tuberculosis, Malaria, Bacterial endocarditis, Septicemia. 12 hrs
Unit-4 : Infectious diseases: Meningitis, HIV and opportunistic infections, Rheumatic

fever, Dengue fever, H1N1, Helmenthiasis, Fungal infections
Gynecological disorders: Dysmenorrhea, Hormone replacement therapy. 12 hrs
Unit-5: Oncology: General principles of cancer chemotherapy, pharmacotherapy of breast

cancer, lung cancer, head & neck cancer, hematological malignancies, Management of
nausea and vomiting, Palliative care 12 hrs
120
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Roger and Walker. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics - Churchill Livingstone
publication.
2. Joseph T. Dipiro et al. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach- Appleton &
Lange
3. Robins SL. Pathologic basis of disease -W.B. Saunders publication
4. Eric T. Herfindal. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics- Williams and Wilkins Publication
Lloyd Young and Koda-Kimble MA Applied Therapeutics: The clinical Use of Drugs-
121
CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS AND THERAPEUTIC DRUG
MONITORING (MPP 203T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope:
This course is designed to enable students to understand the basics principles and applications of
pharmacokinetics in designing the individualized dosage regimen, to interpret the plasma drug
concentration profile in altered pharmacokinetics, drug interactions and in therapeutic drug
monitoring processes to optimize the drug dosage regimen. Also, it enables students to
understand the basic concepts of pharmacogenetics, pharmacometrics for modeling and
simulation of pharmacokinetic data.
Objectives
Design the drug dosage regimen for individual patients
Interpret and correlate the plasma drug concentrations with patients' therapeutic
outcomes
Recommend dosage adjustment for patients with renal/ hepatic impairment
Recommend dosage adjustment for paediatrics and geriatrics
Manage pharmacokinetic drug interactions
Apply pharmacokinetic parameters in clinical settings
Interpret the impact of genetic polymorphisms of individuals on pharmacokinetics and
or pharmacodynamics of drugs
Do pharmacokinetic modeling for the given data using the principles of
pharmacometrics
Unit-1: Introduction to Clinical pharmacokinetics: Compartmental and Non

compartmental models, Renal and non-renal clearance, Organ extraction and models of
hepatic clearance, Estimation and determinants of bioavailability, Multiple dosing,
Calculation of loading and maintenance doses Designing of dosage regimens:
Determination of dose and dosing intervals, Conversion from intravenous to oral dosing,
Nomograms and Tabulations in designing dosage regimen. 12 hrs
Unit-2: Pharmacokinetics of Drug Interaction: Pharmacokinetic drug interactions,

Inhibition and Induction of Drug metabolism, Inhibition of Biliary Excretion
Pharmacogenetics: Genetic polymorphism in Drug metabolism:
Cytochrome P-450 Isoenzymes, Genetic Polymorphism in Drug Transport and Drug
Targets, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacokinetic / Pharmacodynamic considerations
Introduction to Pharmacometrics: Introduction to Bayesian Theory, Adaptive method or
Dosing with feedback, Analysis of Population pharmacokinetic Data. 12 hrs
122
Unit-3:Non Linier Mixed Effects Modelling: The Structural or Base Model, Modeling
Random Effects, Modeling Covariate Relationships, Mixture Model, Estimation
Methods, Model Building Techniques, Covariate Screening Methods, Testing the model
assumptions, Precision of the parameter estimates and confidence intervals, Model
misspecification and violation of the model assumptions, Model Validation, Simulation
of dosing regimens and dosing recommendations, Pharmacometrics software. 12 hrs
Unit-4: Altered Pharmacokinetics: Drug dosing in the elderly, Drug dosing in the
paediatrics, Drug dosing in the obese patients, Drug dosing in the pregnancy and
lactation, Drug dosing in the renal failure and extracorporeal removal of drugs, Drug
dosing in the in hepatic failure. 12 hrs
Unit-5: Therapeutic Drug monitoring: Introduction, Individualization of drug dosage

regimen (Variability – Genetic, age, weight, disease and Interacting drugs), Indications
for TDM, Protocol for TDM, Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Correlation in drug
therapy, TDM of drugs used in the following conditions: Cardiovascular disease:
Digoxin, Lidocaine, Amiodarone; Seizure disorders: Phenytoin,Carbamazepine, Sodium
Valproate;Psychiatricconditions:Lithium,Fluoxetine,Amitriptyline;
Organ transplantations: Cyclosporine; Cytotoxic Agents: Methotrexate, 5-FU, Cisplatin;
Antibiotics:Vancomycin,Gentamicin, Meropenem 12 hrs
REFERENECE BOOKS:
1. Leon Shargel, Susanna Wu-Pong, Andrew Yu. Applied Biopharmaceutics &
Pharmacokinetics. New York: Mc Graw Hill.
2. Peter L. Bonate. Pharmacokinetic - Pharmacodynamic Modeling and Simulation. Springer
Publications.
3. Michael E. Burton, Leslie M. Shaw, Jerome J. Schentag, William E.Evans. Applied
Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics: Principles of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.
Iippincott Williams & Wilkins.
4. Steven How-Yan Wong, Irving Sunshine. Handbook of Analytical Therapeutic Drug
Monitoring and Toxicology. CRC Press, USA.
5. Soraya Dhillon, Andrzej Kostrzewski. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 1st edition. London:
Pharmaceutical Press.
6. Joseph T.Dipiro, William J.Spruill, William E.Wade, Robert A.Blouin and Jane
M.Pruemer .Concepts in Clinical Pharmacokinetics. American Society of Health-System
Pharmacists, USA.
7. Malcolm Rowland, Thomas N. Tozer .Clinical Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics:
concepts and applications. Iippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA.
8. Evans, Schentag, Jusko. Applied pharmacokinetics. American Society of Health system
Pharmacists, USA.
123
9. Michael E. Winter. Basic Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Iippincott Williams & Wilkins,
USA.
10. Milo Gibaldi. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Pharma Book Syndicate,
USA.
11. Dhillon and Kostrzewski. Clinical pharmacokinetics. Pharmaceutical Press, London.
12. John E .Murphy. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 5th edition. US: American Society of Health-
System Pharmacist, USA.
Relevant review articles from recent medical and pharmaceutical literature
124
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY & PHARMACOECONOMICS (MPP 204T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope: This course enables students to understand various pharmacoepidemiological

methods and their clinical applications. Also, it aims to impart knowledge on basic
concepts, assumptions, terminology, and methods associated with Pharmacoeconomics
and health related outcomes, and when should be appropriate Pharmacoeconomic model
should be applied for a health care regimen.
Objectives
Understand the various epidemiological methods and their applications
Understand the fundamental principles of Pharmacoeconomics.
Identify and determine relevant cost and consequences associated with pharmacy
products and services.
Perform the key Pharmacoeconomics analysis methods
Understand the Pharmacoeconomic decision analysis methods and its applications.
Describe current Pharmacoeconomic methods and issues.
Understand the applications of Pharmacoeconomics to various pharmacy settings.
Unit-1: Introduction to Pharmacoepidemiology: Definition, Scope, Need, Aims &

Applications; Outcome measurement: Outcome measures, Drug use measures: Monetary units,
Number of prescriptions, units of drug dispensed, defined daily doses, prescribed daily doses,
Diagnosis and Therapy surveys, Prevalence, Incidencerate,Monetary units,number of
prescriptions, unit of drugs dispensed, defined daily doses and prescribed daily doses,
medications adherence measurements. Concept of risk: Measurement of risk, Attributable risk
and relative risk, Time- risk relationship and odds ratio. 12 hrs
Unit-2: Pharmacoepidemiological Methods: Qualitative models: Drug Utilization Review;

Quantitative models: case reports, case series, Cross sectional studies, Cohort and case control
studies, Calculation of Odds’ ratio, Meta analysis models, Drug effects study in populations:
Spontaneous reporting, Prescription event monitoring, Post marketing surveillance, Record
linkage systems, Applications of Pharmacoepidemiology 12 hrs
Unit-3: Introduction to Pharmacoeconomics: Definition, history of Pharmacoeconomics, Need of

Pharmacoeconomic studies in Indian healthcare system.
Cost categorization and resources for cost estimation: Direct costs. Indirect costs. Intangible
costs. Outcomes and Measurements of Pharmacoeconomics: Types of outcomes: Clinical
outcome, Economic outcomes, Humanistic outcomes; Quality Adjusted Life Years, Disability
Adjusted Life Years Incremental Cost Effective Ratio, Average Cost Effective Ratio. Person
Time, Willingness To Pay, Time Trade Off and Discounting. 12 hrs
125
Unit-4: Pharmacoeconomic evaluations: Definition, Steps involved, Applications, Advantages
and disadvantages of the following Pharmacoeconomic models: Cost Minimization Analysis
(CMA), Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), Cost Effective Analysis (CEA), Cost Utility Analysis
(CUA), Cost of Illness (COI), Cost Consequences Analysis (COA). 12 hrs
Unit-5: Definition, Steps involved, Applications, Advantages and disadvantages of the

following: Health related quality of life (HRQOL): Definition, Need for measurement of
HRQOL, Common HRQOL measures. Definition, Steps involved, Applications of the
following: Decision Analysis and Decision tree, Sensitivity analysis, Markov Modeling,
Software used in pharmacoeconomic analysis, Applications of Pharmacoeconomics. 12 hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Rascati K L. Essentials of Pharmacoeconomics, Woulters Kluwer Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins, Philadelphia.
2. Thomas E Getzen. Health economics. Fundamentals and Flow of Funds. John Wiley &
Sons, USA.
3. Andrew Briggs, Karl Claxton, Mark Sculpher. Decision Modelling for Health Economic
Evaluation, Oxford University Press, London.
Michael Drummond, Mark Sculpher, George Torrence, Bernie O'Brien and Greg
Stoddart. Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes Oxford
University Press, London
126
PHARMACY PRACTICE PRACTICAL -III (MPP 205P)
therapeutic management and other clinical aspects. They are expected to have experience
and do a tutorial as well as case presentation in the following clinical conditions. The
students have to make at least 10 case presentations covering most common diseases
found in the hospital to which the college is attached. The student should also submit a
record of the cases presented. The list of clinical cases presented should include follow-
up of the clinical cases mentioned below from the day of admission till discharge and
presented in the SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment and Plan) format.
List of Experiments (12)

1. Causality assessment of adverse drug reactions (three)
2. Detection and management of medication errors (three)
3. Calculation of Bioavailability and Bioequivalence from the given data (two)
4. Interpretation of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring reports of a given patient (two)
5. Assessment of drug interactions in the given prescriptions
6. Answering drug information questions
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Roger and Walker. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics – Churchill Livingstone
publication.
2. Joseph T. Dipiro et al. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach-Appleton &
Lange
3. Robins SL. Pathologic basis of disease -W. B. Saunders publication
4. Eric T. Herfindal. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics- Williams and Wilkins
Publication
5. Lloyd Young and Koda-Kimble MA Applied Therapeutics: The clinical Use of Drugs-
6. Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics by Ravi Shankar, Pharma med Press
Chisholm - Burns Wells Schwinghammer Malone and Joseph P Dipiro. Pharmacotherapy
Principles and practice-– McGraw Hill Publication
127
PHARMACY PRACTICE PRACTICAL -IV (MPP 206 P)
List of Experiments (12)
1. Presentation of clinical cases of nervous system diseases adopting SOAP (Subjective,
Objective, Assessment and Plan)
2. Presentation of clinical cases of psychiatric disorders adopting SOAP (Subjective,
3. Presentation of clinical cases of infectious diseases adopting SOAP (Subjective,
4. Presentation of clinical cases of gynecological disorders adopting SOAP (Subjective,
5. Presentation of clinical cases of cancer disease adopting SOAP (Subjective, Objective,
Assessment and Plan)
6. Presentation of clinical cases of renal system disorders adopting SOAP (Subjective,
7. Develop pharmacokinetic skills by using NONMEM WinNonlin software.
8. Presentation of clinical cases of various disease conditions adopting Pharmaceutical Care
Plan Model
9. Calculation of various Pharmacoeconomic outcome analysis for the given data
10. Rational use of medicines in special population admitted in the wards
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Leon Shargel, Susanna Wu-Pong, Andrew Yu. Applied Biopharmaceutics &
Pharmacokinetics. New York: McGraw Hill.
2. Peter L. Bonate. Pharmacokinetic - Pharmacodynamic Modeling and Simulation.
Springer Publications.
3. Michael E. Burton, Leslie M. Shaw, Jerome J. Schentag, William E. Evans. Applied
Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics: Principles of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.
Iippincott Williams & Wilkins.
4. Steven How-Yan Wong, Irving Sunshine. Handbook of AnalyticalTherapeutic Drug
Monitoring and Toxicology. CRC Press, USA.
5. Joseph T. Dipiro, William J. Spruill, William E. Wade, Robert A.Blouin and Jane M.
Pruemer Concepts in Clinical Pharmacokinetics. AmericanSociety of Health-System
Pharmacists, USA.
Malcolm Rowland, Thomas N. Tozer. Clinical Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics:
concepts and applications. Iippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA.
128
PHARMACOLOGY (MPL)
(MPL 101T)
THEORY 60 HOURS
Scope
GC etc.
Objectives

Unit-1: a. UV-Visible spectroscopy: Introduction, Theory, Laws, Instrumentation associated

with UV-Visible spectroscopy, Choice of solvents and solvent effect and Applications of UV-
Visible spectroscopy.


Instrumentation and Applications of fluorescence spectrophotometer. 10HRS
Unit-2:. Mass Spectroscopy: Principle, Theory, Instrumentation of Mass Spectroscopy, Different

types of ionization like electron impact, chemical, field, FAB and MALDI, APCI, ESI, APPI
Meta stable ions, Isotopic peaks and Applications of Mass spectroscopy. 8HRS
Unit-3. Chromatography: Principle, apparatus, instrumentation, chromatographic parameters,

factors affecting resolution and applications of the following:
chromatography g) Affinity chromatography 12 HRS
Unit-4. Electrophoresis: Principle, Instrumentation, Working conditions, factors affecting

separation and applications of the following:
electrophoresis e) Moving boundary electrophoresis f) Iso electric focusing 12 HRS
129
Unit-5 a) Immunological assays: RIA (Radio immuno assay), ELISA, Bioluminescence
assays.
advantages and disadvantages and Pharmaceutical applications. 10 HRS
Unit-6: NMR Spectroscopy: Quantum numbers and their role in NMR, Principle,
instrumentation, solvent requirements in NMR, Relaxation process, NMR signals in various
compounds. Brief outline of FT-NMR and C13 NMR, applications of NMR Spectroscopy.
8 HRS
REFERENCE BOOKS:

Wiley & Sons, 2004.
Dekker Series
130
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY - I (MPL 102T)
THEORY 60 HOURS
Scope
The subject is designed to strengthen the basic knowledge in the field of pharmacology
and to impart recent advances in the drugs used for the treatment of various diseases. In
addition, this subject helps the students to understand the concepts of drug action and
mechanisms involved
Objectives
Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to :
Discuss the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of certain diseases
Explain the mechanism of drug actions at cellular and molecular level
Understand the adverse effects, contraindications and clinical uses of drugs used in
treatment of diseases
Unit-1: GeneralPharmacology
a. Pharmacokinetics: The dynamics of drug absorption, distribution, biotransformation and
elimination. Concepts of linear and non-linear compartment models. Significance of
Protein binding.
b. Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism of drug action and the relationship between drug
concentration and effect. Receptors, structural and functional families of receptors,
quantitation of drug receptors interaction and elicited effects. 10 Hrs
Unit-2: Neurotransmission
a. General aspects and steps involved in neurotransmission.
b. Neurohumoral transmission in autonomic nervous system (Detailed study about
neurotransmitters- Adrenaline and Acetyl choline).
c. Neurohumoral transmission in central nervous system (Detailed study about
neurotransmitters- histamine, serotonin, dopamine, GABA, glutamate and glycine].
d. Non adrenergic non cholinergic transmission (NANC). Co- transmission. 10 Hrs
Unit-3: Systemic pharmacology:

A detailed study on pathophysiology of diseases, mechanism of action, pharmacology and
toxicology of existing as well as novel drugs used in the following systems
Autonomic Pharmacology Parasympathomimetics and lytics, sympathomimetics and lytics,
agents affecting neuromuscular junction
10 hrs
Unit-4: Centrel Nervous System pharmacology General and local anesthetics Sedatives and
hypnotics, drugs used to treat anxiety. Depression, psychosis, mania, epilepsy, neurodegenerative
diseases. Narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics 10 hrs
131
Unit-5: Cardiovascular Pharmacology:
Diuretics, antihypertensives, antiischemics, anti- arrhythmics, drugs for heart failure and
hyperlipidemia. Hematinics, coagulants , anticoagulants, fibrinolytics and anti- platelet drugs
Unit-6: Autocoid pharmacology: The physiological and pathological role of Histamine,

Serotonin, Kinins Prostaglandins Opioid autocoids. Pharmacology of antihistamines, 5HT
antagonists. 10Hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Goodman and Gillman‘s
2. Principles of Pharmacology. The Pathophysiologic basis of drug Therapy by David E
Golan, Armen H, Tashjian Jr, Ehrin J,Armstrong, April W, Armstrong, Wolters,
Kluwer-Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers.
3. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology by B.G Katzung
4. Hand book of Clinical Pharmacokinetics by Gibaldi and Prescott.
5. Applied biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics by Leon Shargel and Andrew B.C.Yu.
6. Graham Smith. Oxford textbook of Clinical Pharmacology.
7. Avery Drug Treatment
8. Dipiro Pharmacology, Pathophysiological approach.
Green Pathophysiology for Pharmacists
132
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL SCREENING METHODS - I
(MPL 103T)
THEORY 60 HOURS
Scope: This subject is designed to impart the knowledge on preclinical evaluation of drugs and
recent experimental techniques in the drug discovery and development. The subject content helps
the student to understand the maintenance of laboratory animals as per the guidelines, basic
knowledge of various in-vitro and in-vivo preclinical evaluation processes
Objectives
Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to,
Appraise the regulations and ethical requirement for the usage of experimental animals.
Describe the various animals used in the drug discovery process and good laboratory
practices in maintenance and handling of experimental animals
Describe the various newer screening methods involved in the drug discovery process
Appreciate and correlate the preclinical data to humans
Unit-1: Laboratory Animals: Common laboratory animals: Description, handling and

applications of different species and strains of animals. Transgenic animals: Production,
maintenance and applications Anaesthesia and euthanasia of experimental animals.Maintenance
and breeding of laboratory animals. CPCSEA guidelines to conduct experiments on animals
Good laboratory practice. Bioassay-Principle, scope and limitations and methods. 12 hrs
Unit-2: Preclinical screening of new substances for the pharmacological activity using in vivo,
in vitro, and other possible animal alternative models.
General principles of preclinical screening. CNS Pharmacology: behavioral and muscle co

ordination, CNS stimulants and depressants, anxiolytics, anti-psychotics, anti epileptics and
nootropics. Drugs for neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinsonism, Alzheimers and multiple
sclerosis. Drugs acting on Autonomic Nervous System. 12 hrs
Respiratory Pharmacology: anti-asthmatics, drugs for COPD and anti allergics. Reproductive
Pharmacology: Aphrodisiacs and antifertility agents Analgesics, antiinflammatory and
antipyretic agents. Gastrointestinal drugs: anti ulcer, anti -emetic, anti- diarrheal and laxatives.
12 hrs
133
Cardiovascular Pharmacology: antihypertensives, antiarrythmics, antianginal, antiatherosclerotic
agents and diuretics. Drugs for metabolic disorders like anti-diabetic, antidyslipidemic agents.
Anti cancer agents. Hepatoprotective screening methods. 12 hrs
in vitro, and other possible animal alternative models. Iimmunomodulators, Immunosuppressants
and immunostimulants General principles of immunoassay: theoretical basis and optimization of
immunoassay, heterogeneous and homogenous immunoassay systems. Immunoassay methods
evaluation; protocol outline, objectives and preparation. Immunoassay for digoxin and insulin
Limitations of animal experimentation and alternate animal experiments. Extrapolation of in
vitro data to preclinical and preclinical to humans. 12 hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Biological standardization by J.H. Burn D.J. Finney and I.G. Goodwin
2. Screening methods in Pharmacology by Robert Turner. A
3. Evaluation of drugs activities by Laurence and Bachrach
4. Methods in Pharmacology by Arnold Schwartz.
5. Fundamentals of experimental Pharmacology by M.N.Ghosh
6. Pharmacological experiment on intact preparations by Churchill Livingstone
7. Drug discovery and Evaluation by Vogel H.G.
8. Experimental Pharmacology by R.K.Goyal.
9. Preclinical evaluation of new drugs by S.K. Guta
10.Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, SK.Kulkarni
11.Practical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, SK.Kulkarni, 3 rd Edition.
12.David R.Gross. Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research, 2nd Edition, Kluwer
Academic Publishers, London, UK.
13.Screening Methods in Pharmacology, Robert A.Turner.
14.Rodents for Pharmacological Experiments, Dr.Tapan Kumar chatterjee.
15.Practical Manual of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology by Bikash Medhi (Author),
Ajay Prakash
134
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY (MPL 104T)
THEORY 60 HOURS
Scope:
The subject imparts a fundamental knowledge on the structure and functions of cellular
components and help to understand the interaction of these components with drugs. This
information will further help the student to apply the knowledge in drug discovery process.
Objectives:
Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to,
•Explain the receptor signal transduction processes.
•Explain the molecular pathways affected by drugs.
•Appreciate the applicability of molecular pharmacology and biomarkers in drug discovery
process.
•Demonstrate molecular biology techniques as applicable for pharmacology
Unit-1: Cell biology Structure and functions of cell and its organelles.
Genome organization. Gene expression and its regulation, importance of siRNA and micro RNA,
gene mapping and gene sequencing Cell cycles and its regulation. Cell death– events, regulators,
intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Necrosis and autophagy. 12 hrs
Unit-2:Cell signaling Intercellular and intracellular signaling pathways.

Classification of receptor family and molecular structure ligand gated ion channels; G-protein
coupled receptors, tyrosine kinase receptors and nuclear receptors.
Secondary messengers: cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, calcium ion, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate,
(IP3), NO, and diacylglycerol.
Detailed study of following intracellular signaling pathways: cyclic AMP signaling pathway,
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and
activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. 12 hrs
Unit-3:Principles and applications of genomic and proteomic tools DNA

electrophoresis, PCR (reverse transcription and real time), Gene sequencing, micro array
technique, SDS page, ELISA and western blotting, Recombinant DNA technology and gene
therapy Basic principles of recombinant DNA technology-Restriction enzymes, various types of
vectors. Applications of recombinant DNA technology. Gene therapy- Various types of gene
transfer techniques, clinical applications and recent advances in gene therapy. 12 hrs
Unit-4:Pharmacogenomics Gene mapping and cloning of disease gene.

Genetic variation and its role in health/ pharmacology Polymorphisms affecting drug metabolism
135
Genetic variation in drug transporters, Genetic variation in G protein coupled receptors,
Applications of proteomics science: Genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, functionomics,
nutrigenomics Immunotherapeutics ,Types of immunotherapeutics, humanisation antibody
therapy, Immunotherapeutics in clinical practice 12 hrs
Unit-5: a.Cell culture techniques

Basic equipments used in cell culture lab. Cell culture media, various types of cell culture,
general procedure for cell cultures; isolation of cells, subculture, cryopreservation,
characterization of cells and their application. Principles and applications of cell viability assays,
glucose uptake assay, Calcium influx assays ,Principles and applications of flow cytometry
b. Biosimilars 12 hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. The Cell, A Molecular Approach. Geoffrey M Cooper.
2.Pharmacogenomics: The Search for Individualized Therapies. Edited by J. Licinio and M

-L. Wong
3. Handbook of Cell Signaling (Second Edition) Edited by Ralph A. et.al
4. Molecular Pharmacology: From DNA to Drug Discovery. John Dickenson et.al
5. Basic Cell Culture protocols by Cheril D.Helgason and Cindy L.Miller
6. Basic Cell Culture (Practical Approach ) by J. M. Davis (Editor)
7. Animal Cell Culture: A Practical Approach by John R. Masters (Editor)
Current porotocols in molecular biology vol I to VI edited by Frederick M.Ausuvel et la
136
PHARMACOLOGY PRACTICAL - I (MPL 105P)
List of experiments
2. Simultaneous estimation of multi component containing formulations by UV
spectrophotometry
7. Handling of laboratory animals.
8. Various routes of drug administration.
9. Techniques of blood sampling, anesthesia and euthanasia of experimental animals.
10. Functional observation battery tests (modified Irwin test)
11. Evaluation of CNS stimulant, depressant, anxiogenics and anxiolytic, anticonvulsant
activity.
12. Evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, local anesthetic, mydriatic and miotic activity.
13. Evaluation of diuretic activity.
14. Evaluation of antiulcer activity by pylorus ligation method.
15. Oral glucose tolerance test.
REFERENCE Books:
1. CPCSEA, OECD, ICH, USFDA, Schedule Y, EPA guidelines,
3. Experimental Pharmacology by M.C.Prabhakar
4. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology by S.K. Kulkarni.
5. Practicals in Pharmacology by R.K.Goel
7. Spectrometric Identification of Organic compounds - Robert M Silverstein,
9. Vogel‘s Text book of quantitative chemical analysis - Jeffery, Basset, Mendham, Denney,
10. Basic Cell Culture protocols by Cheril D. Helgason and Cindy L.Mille
13. Practical Manual of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology by Bikash Medhi(Author),
Ajay Prakash (Author) Jaypee brothers’ medical publishers Pvt. Ltd
137
PHARMACOLOGY PRACTICAL -II (MPL 106 P)
1. Isolation and identification of DNA from various sources (Bacteria, Cauliflower, onion, Goat
liver).
2. Isolation of RNA from yeast
3. Estimation of proteins by Braford/Lowry’s in biological samples.
4. Estimation of RNA/DNA by UV Spectroscopy
5. Gene amplification by PCR.
6. Protein quantification Western Blotting.
7. Enzyme based in-vitro assays (MPO, AChEs, α amylase, α glucosidase).
8. Cell viability assays (MTT/Trypan blue/SRB).
9. DNA fragmentation assay by agarose gel electrophoresis.
10. DNA damage study by Comet assay.
11. Apoptosis determination by fluorescent imaging studies.
12. Pharmacokinetic studies and data analysis of drugs given by different routes of
administration using softwares
13. Enzyme inhibition and induction activity
14. Extraction of drug from various biological samples and estimation of drugs in biological
fluids using different analytical techniques (UV)
15. Extraction of drug from various biological samples and estimation of drugs in biological
fluids using different analytical techniques (HPLC)
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. CPCSEA, OECD, ICH, USFDA, Schedule Y, EPA guidelines,
3. Experimental Pharmacology by M.C.Prabhakar
4. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology by S.K. Kulkarni.
7. Spectrometric Identification of Organic compounds - Robert M Silverstein,
9. Vogel‘s Text book of quantitative chemical analysis - Jeffery, Basset, Mendham, Denney,
10. Basic Cell Culture protocols by Cheril D. Helgason and Cindy L.Mille
13. Practical Manual of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology by Bikash Medhi(Author),
Ajay Prakash (Author) Jaypee brothers’ medical publishers Pvt. Ltd
138
SEMESTER-II
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY - II (MPL 201T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope
The subject is designed to strengthen the basic knowledge in the field of pharmacology and to
impart recent advances in the drugs used for the treatment of various diseases. In addition, the
subject helps the student to understand the concepts of drug action and mechanism involved
Objectives
Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to:
Explain the mechanism of drug actions at cellular and molecular level
Discuss the Pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of certain diseases
Understand the adverse effects, contraindications and clinical uses of drugs used in treatment
of diseases
Unit-1: Endocrine Pharmacology

Molecular and cellular mechanism of action of hormones such as growth hormone,
prolactin, thyroid, insulin and sex hormones
Anti-thyroiddrugs,Oral hypoglycemicagents,Oral contraceptives, Corticosteroids.
Drugs affecting calcium regulation 12 hrs
Unit-2 Chemotherapy : Cellular and molecular mechanism of actions and resistance of

antimicrobial agents such as ß-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, Macrolide antibiotics.
Antifungal, antiviral, and anti-TB drugs 12 hrs
Unit-3 Chemotherapy
Drugs used in Protozoal Infections Drugs used in the treatment of Helminthiasis Chemotherapy
of cancer Immunopharmacology Cellular and biochemical mediators of inflammation and
immune response. Allergic or hypersensitivity reactions. Pharmacotherapy of asthma and
COPD. Immunosuppressants and Immunostimulants 12 hrs
Unit-4 GIT Pharmacology

Antiulcer drugs, Prokinetics, antiemetics, anti-diarrheals and drugs for constipation
and irritable bowel syndrome.
Chronopharmacology
Biological and circadian rhythms, applications of chronotherapy in various diseases like
cardiovascular disease, diabetes, asthma and peptic ulcer 12 hrs
139
Unit-5: Free radicals Pharmacology : Generation of free radicals, role of free radicals in
etiopathology of various diseasessuch as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
Protective activity of certain important antioxidant : Recent Advances in Treatment:
Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Cancer, Diabetes mellitus 12 hrs
REFEERENCE BOOKS:
1. The Pharmacological basis of therapeutics- Goodman and Gill man‘s
2. Principles of Pharmacology. The Pathophysiologic basis of drug therapy by David E
Golan et al.
3. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology by B.G -Katzung
4. Pharmacology by H.P. Rang and M.M. Dale.
6. Text book of Therapeutics, drug and disease management by E T. Herfindal and Gourley.
7. Applied biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics by Leon Shargel and Andrew B.C.Yu.
8. Handbook of Essential Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism for
Industrial Scientists
9. Robbins & Cortan Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9 th Ed. (Robbins Pathology)
10. A Complete Textbook of Medical Pharmacology by Dr. S.K Srivastava published by APC
Avichal Publishing Company.
11. KD.Tripathi. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology
Principles of Pharmacology. The Pathophysiologic basis of drug Therapy by David E Golan,
Armen H, Tashjian Jr, Ehrin J,Armstrong, April W, Armstrong, Wolters, Kluwer-Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins Publishers
140
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL SCREENING METHODS-II
(MPL 202T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope:
This subject imparts knowledge on the preclinical safety and toxicological evaluation of drug &
new chemical entity. This knowledge will make the student competent in regulatory
toxicological evaluation.
Objectives:
Explain the various types of toxicity studies.
Appreciate the importance of ethical and regulatory requirements for toxicity studies.
Demonstrate the practical skills required to conduct the preclinical toxicity studies.
Unit-1 Basic definition and types of toxicology (general, mechanistic, regulatory and descriptive)
Regulatory guidelines for conducting toxicity studies OECD, ICH, EPA and Schedule Y
OECD principles of Good laboratory practice (GLP) History, concept and its importance in drug
development 12 hrs
Unit-2 Acute, sub-acute and chronic- oral, dermal and inhalational studies as per OECD
guidelines. Acute eye irritation, skin sensitization, dermal irritation & dermal toxicity studies.
Test item characterization- importance and methods in regulatory toxicology studies 12 hrs
Unit-3 Reproductive toxicology studies, Male reproductive toxicity studies, female reproductive
studies (segment I and segment III), teratogenecity studies (segment II)
Genotoxicity studies (Ames Test, in vitro and in vivo Micronucleus and Chromosomal
aberrations studies) In vivo carcinogenicity studies 12 hrs
Unit-4: IND enabling studies (IND studies)- Definition of IND, importance of IND, industry
perspective, list of studies needed for IND submission Safety pharmacology studies- origin,
concepts and importance of safety pharmacology. Tier1- CVS, CNS and respiratory safety
pharmacology, HERG assay. Tier2- GI, renal and other studies 12 hrs
Unit-5: Toxicokinetics- Toxicokinetic evaluation in preclinical studies, saturation kinetics
Importance and applications of toxicokinetic studies. Alternative methods to animal toxicity
testing 12 hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.Hand book on GLP, Quality practices for regulated non-clinical research and
development (http://www.who.int/tdr/publications/documents/glp- handbook.pdf).
2. Schedule Y Guideline: drugs and cosmetics (second amendment) rules,
2005, ministry of health and family welfare (department of health) New Delhi
3. Drugs from discovery to approval by Rick NG.
4. Animal Models in Toxicology, 3 Edition, Lower and Bryan
rd
5. OECD test guidelines.Principles of toxicology by Karen E. Stine, Thomas M. Brown
141
PRINCIPLES OF DRUG DISCOVERY
(MPL 203 T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope: The subject imparts basic knowledge of drug discovery process. This information will
make the student competent in drug discovery process
Objectives:
Explain the various stages of drug discovery.
Appreciate the importance of the role of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics in drug
discovery
Explain various targets for drug discovery.
Explain various lead seeking method and lead optimization
Appreciate the importance of the role of computer aided drug design in drug discovery
Unit-1:An overview of modern drug discovery process: Target identification, target validation,
lead identification and lead Optimization. Economics of drug discovery.
Target Discovery and validation-Role of Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics. Role of
Nucleic acid microarrays, Protein microarrays, Antisense technologies, siRNAs, antisense
oligonucleotides, Zinc ﬁnger proteins. Role of transgenic animals in target validation. 12 hrs
Unit-2: Lead Identification- combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening, in silico lead
discovery techniques, Assay development for hit identification.
Protein structure Levels of protein structure, Domains, motifs, and folds in protein structure.
Computational prediction of protein structure: Threading and homology modeling methods.
Application of NMR and X-ray crystallography in protein structure prediction 12 hrs
Unit-3: Rational Drug Design

Traditional vs rational drug design, Methods followed in traditional drug design, High
throughput screening, Concepts of Rational Drug Design, Rational Drug Design Methods:
Structure and Pharmacophore based approaches Virtual Screening techniques: Drug likeness
screening, Concept of pharmacophore mapping and pharmacophore based Screening. 12 hrs
Unit-4 Molecular docking: Rigid docking, flexible docking, manual docking; Docking based
screening. De novo drug design. Quantitative analysis of Structure Activity Relationship
History and development of QSAR, SAR versus QSAR, Physicochemical parameters, Hansch
analysis, Fee Wilson analysis and relationship between them 12 hrs
142
Unit-5: QSAR Statistical methods – regression analysis, partial least square analysis (PLS) and
other multivariate statistical methods. 3D-QSAR approaches like COMFA and COMSIA
Prodrug design-Basic concept, Prodrugs to improve patient acceptability, Drug solubility, Drug
absorption and distribution, site specific drug delivery and sustained drug action. Rationale of
prodrug design and practical consideration of prodrug design. 12 hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. MouldySioud. Target Discovery and Validation Reviews and Protocols: Volume 2
Emerging Molecular Targetsand Treatment Options. 2007 Humana Press Inc.
2. Darryl León. Scott MarkelIn. Silico
Technologies in Drug Target Identification and Validation. 2006 by Taylor and Francis
Group, LLC.
3. Johanna K. DiStefano. Disease Gene Identification. Methods and Protocols. Springer
New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London.
4. Hugo Kubiny. QSAR: Hansch Analysis and Related Approaches. Methods and Principles
in Medicinal Chemistry. Publisher Wiley-VCH
5. Klaus Gubernator, Hans-Joachim Böhm. Structure-Based Ligand Design. Methods and
Principles in Medicinal Chemistry. Publisher Wiley-VCH
6. Abby L . Parrill. M . Rami Reddy. Rational Drug Design. Novel Methodology and
Practical Applications. ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society:
Washington, DC, 1999.
J. Rick Turner. New drug development design, methodology and, analysis. John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., New Jersey
143
CLINICAL RESEARCH AND PHARMACOVIGILANCE (MPL 204T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope:
This subject will provide a value addition and current requirement for the students in clinical
research and pharmacovigilance. It will teach the students on conceptualizing, designing,
conducting, managing and reporting of clinical trials. This subject also focuses on global
scenario of Pharmacovigilance in different methods that can be used to generate safety data. It
will teach the students in developing drug safety data in Pre-clinical, Clinical phases of Drug
development and post market surveillance.
Objectives:
Explain the regulatory requirements for conducting clinical trial
Demonstrate the types of clinical trial designs
Explain the responsibilities of key players involved in clinical trials
Execute safety monitoring, reporting and close-out activities
Explain the principles of Pharmacovigilance
Detect new adverse drug reactions and their assessment
Perform the adverse drug reaction reporting systems and communication in Pharmacovigilance
Unit-1: Regulatory Perspectives of Clinical Trials:

Origin and Principles of International Conference on Harmonization - Good Clinical Practice
(ICH-GCP)guidelines Ethical Committee: Institutional Review Board, Ethical Guidelines for
Biomedical Research and Human Participant- Schedule Y, ICMR
Informed Consent Process: Structure and content of an Informed Consent Process Ethical
principles governing informed consent process 10 hrs
Unit-2:Clinical Trials: Types and Design Experimental Study- RCT and Non RCT,
Observation Study: Cohort, Case Control, Cross sectional Clinical Trial Study Team
Roles and responsibilities of Clinical Trial Personnel: Investigator, Study Coordinator, Sponsor,
Contract Research Organization and its management. 10 hrs
Unit-3:Clinical Trial Documentation- Guidelines to the preparation of documents, Preparation of

protocol, Investigator Brochure, Case Report Forms, Clinical Study Report Clinical Trial
Monitoring- Safety Monitoring in CT
Adverse Drug Reactions: Definition and types. Detection and reporting methods. Severity and
seriousness assessment.Predictability and preventability assessment, Management of adverse
drug reactions; Terminologies of ADR. 10 hrs
144
Unit-4:
Basic aspects,terminologies and establishment of pharmacovigilance History and progress of
pharmacovigilance, Significance of safety monitoring, Pharmacovigilance in India and
international aspects, WHO international drug monitoring programme, WHO and Regulatory
terminologies of ADR, evaluation of medication safety, Establishing pharmacovigilance centres
in Hospitals, Industry and National programmes related to pharmacovigilance. Roles and
responsibilities in Pharmacovigilance
10 hr
Unit-5: Methods, ADR reportingandtoolsusedin Pharmacovigilance

International classification of diseases, International Non- proprietary names for drugs, Passive
and Active surveillance, Comparative observational studies, Targeted clinical investigations and
Vaccine safety surveillance. Spontaneous reporting system and Reporting to regulatory
authorities, Guidelines for ADRs reporting. Argus, Aris G Pharmacovigilance, VigiFlow,
Statistical methods for evaluating medication safety data.
Unit-6:Pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacoeconomics, safety pharmacology 10 hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Central Drugs Standard Control Organization- Good Clinical Practices, Guidelines for
Clinical Trials on Pharmaceutical Products in India. New Delhi: Ministry of Health;2001.
2.International Conference on Harmonization of Technical requirements for registration of
Pharmaceuticals for human use. ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline. Guideline for Good
Clinical Practice.E6; May 1996
3.Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research on Human Subjects 2000. Indian Council of
4. Textbook of Clinical Trials edited by David Machin, Simon Day and Sylvan Green, March
2005, John Wiley and Sons
5.Clinical Data Management edited by R K Rondels, S A Varley, C F Webbs. Second Edition,
Jan 2000, Wiley Publications
145
PHARMACOLOGICAL PRACTICAL -III (MPL 205P)
List of Experiments
1. To record the DRC of agonist using suitable isolated tissues preparation.
2. To study the effects of antagonist/potentiating agents on DRC of agonist using suitable
isolated tissue preparation.
3. To determine to the strength of unknown sample by matching bioassay by using suitable
tissue preparation.
4. To determine to the strength of unknown sample by interpolation bioassay by using
suitable tissue preparation
5. To determine to the strength of unknown sample by bracketing bioassay by using
suitable tissue preparation
6. To determine to the strength of unknown sample by multiple point bioassay by using
suitable tissue preparation.
7. Estimation of PA2 values of various antagonists using suitable isolated tissue
preparations.
8. To study the effects of various drugs on isolated heart preparations
9. Recording of rat BP, heart rate and ECG.
10. Recording of rat ECG
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. The Pharmacological basis of therapeutics- Goodman and Gill man‘s
2. Principles of Pharmacology. The Pathophysiologic basis of drug therapy by David E
Golan et al.
3. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology by B. G -Katzung
4. Pharmacology by H.P. Rang and M.M. Dale.
6. Text book of Therapeutics, drug and disease management by E T. Herfindal and
Gourley.
7. Applied biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics by Leon Shargel and Andrew B. C.
Yu.
Industrial Scientists
9. A practical book of Pharmacology by Ramesh Alluri
10. Robbins & Cortan Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th Ed. (Robbins Pathology)
A Complete Textbook of Medical Pharmacology by Dr. S. K Srivastava published by A P C
Avichal Publishing Company
146
PHARMACOLOGICAL PRACTICAL -IV (MPL 206 P)
List of Experiments
1. Drug absorption studies by averted rat ileum preparation.
2. Acute oral toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines.
3. Acute dermal toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines.
4. Repeated dose toxicity studies- Serum biochemical, haematological, urine analysis, functional
observation tests and histological studies.
5. Drug mutagenicity study using mice bone-marrow chromosomal aberration test.
6. Protocol design for clinical trial.(3 Nos.)
7. Design of ADR monitoring protocol.
8. In-silico docking studies. (2 Nos.)
9. In-silico pharmacophore based screening.
10. In-silico QSAR studies.
11. ADR reporting
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Fundamentals of experimental Pharmacology-by M.N.Ghosh

2. Hand book of Experimental Pharmacology-S.K.Kulakarni
3. Text book of in-vitro practical Pharmacology by Ian Kitchen
4. Experimental Pharmacology by M.C.Prabhakar.
6. Bioassay Techniques for Drug Development by Atta-ur-Rahman, Iqbal choudhary and
William Thomsen
7. Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics by Leon Shargel and Andrew B.C.Yu.
Industrial Scientists.
147
PHARMACOGNOSY (MPG)
SEMESTER-I
(MIP 101T)
THEORY 60 HOURS
Scope
characterization and quantification of drugs. Instruments dealt are Mass spectrometer, IR,
HPLC, GC etc.
Objectives
Unit-1: 10Hrs
a. UV-Visible spectroscopy: Introduction, Theory, Laws, Instrumentation associated with UV-
Visible spectroscopy, Choice of solvents and solvent effect and Applications of UV-Visible
spectroscopy.
b. IR spectroscopy: Theory, Modes of Molecular vibrations, Sample handling, Instrumentation

of Dispersive and Fourier - Transform IR Spectrometer, Factors affecting vibrational
frequencies and Applications of IR spectroscopy

Unit-2: 8Hrs
ionization like electron impact, chemical, field, FAB and MALDI, APCI, ESI, APPI Analyzers
of Quadrupole and Time of Flight, Mass fragmentation and its rules,Meta stable ions, Isotopic
peaks and Applications of Mass spectroscopy.
Unit-3: 12Hrs
148
Column chromatography e) Gas chromatography f) High Performance Liquid chromatography
g) Affinity chromatography.
Unit-4: 10Hrs
Electrophoresis: Principle, Instrumentation, Working conditions, factors affecting separation and
applications of the following:
Unit-5: 10Hrs
a) Potentiometry: Principle ,Workinf, Ion Selective electrodes and applications of potentiometry.
Unit-6: 8Hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Spectrometric Identification of Organic compounds - Robert M Silverstein, Sixth edition,

John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
Dekker Series
149
ADVANCED PHARMACOGNOSY - I (MPG 102T)
THEORY 60 HOURS
SCOPE
To learn and understand the advances in the field of cultivation and isolation of drugs of natural
origin, various phytopharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and their medicinal use and health benefits.
OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to know the,
advances in the cultivation and production of drugs
various phyto-pharmaceuticals and their source, its utilization and medicinal value.
various nutraceuticals/herbs and their health benefits
Drugs of marine origin
Pharmacovigilance of drugs of natural origin Use the biotechnological techniques for
obtaining and in impropving the quality of the natural products/Medicinal plants
1. UNIT I 10Hrs
A brief account on Chemical and Pharmacological aspects and uses of the following medicinal
plants-
1. Immunomodulators a. Asparagus racemosusb. Withania somnifera
2. Hepatoprotectives a. Phyllanthus amarus b. Silybum marianum
3. Cardioprotectives a. Coleus forskolin b. Allium sativum
4. Antivirals a. Oregano vulgare b. Sambucus nigra
5. Antidiabetics a. Gymnema sylvestre b. Momordica charantia
UNIT-II 10Hrs
Marine natural products: General methods of isolation and purification, Study of Marine toxins,
Recent advances in research in marine drugs, Problems faced in research on marine drugs such
as taxonomical identification, chemical screening and their solution.
UNIT-III 10Hrs
Nutraceuticals: Current trends and future scope, Inorganic mineral supplements, Vitamin
supplements, Digestive enzymes, Dietary fibres, Cereals and grains, Health drinks of natural
origin, Antioxidants, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Herbs as functional foods, Formulation and
standardization neutraceuticals, Regulatory aspects, FSSAI guidelines, Sources, name of marker
compounds and their chemical nature, medicinal uses and health benefits of following i)
Spirulina ii) Soya bean iii) Ginseng iv) Garlic v) Broccoli vi) Green and Herbal Tea vii) Flax
seeds viii) Black cohosh ix) Turmeric.
150
UNIT IV: Phytopharmaceuticals: Occurrence, isolation and characteristic features (Chemical
nature, uses in pharmacy, medicinal and health benefits) of following.
a) Carotenoids – i) α and β - Carotene ii) Xanthophyll (Lutein)
b) Limonoids – i) d-Limonene ii) α – Terpineol
c) Saponins – i) Shatavarins
d) Flavonoids – i) Resveratrol ii) Rutin iii) Hesperidin iv)
Naringin v) Quercetin
e) Phenolic acids- Ellagic acid
f) Vitamins
g) Tocotrienols and Tocopherols
h) Andrographolide, Glycolipids, Gugulipids, Withanolides,
Vascine, Taxol
i) Miscellaneous 10 hrs
UNIT-V Secondary metabolism in tissue cultures with emphasis on production of medicinal

agents- Production of Secondary metabolites from callus culture and suspension culture with
emphasis on production of biomedicinals like- Ajmalicine, Shikonin, Carotenoids and
Rosemarinic acid. 10 hrs
UNIT-VI
Biotransformation and Trangenesis: Biotransformation of Plant Cell Culture and its importance
in secondary metabolite production. Bioreactors for pilot and large scale cultures of plant cells.
Hairy root cultures and their applications. 10 hrs
REFERENCES (Latest Editions of)

1. Pharmacognosy - G. E. Trease and W.C. Evans. Saunders Edinburgh, New York.
2. Pharmacognosy-Tyler, Brady, Robbers
3. Modem Methods of Plant Analysis- Peach & M.V. Tracey, Vol. I&II
4. Text Book of Pharmacognosy by T.E. Wallis
5. Marine Natural Products-Vol.I to IV.
6. Natural products: A lab guide by Raphael Ikan , Academic Press 1991.
7. Glimpses of Indian Ethano Pharmacology, P. Pushpangadam. Ulf Nyman. V.George
Tropical Botanic Garden & Research Institute, 1995.
8. Medicinal natural products (a biosynthetic approach), Paul M. Dewick, John Wiley &
Sons Ltd., England, 1998.
9. Chemistry of Marine Natural Products- Paul J. Schewer 1973.
10. Herbal Drug Industry by RD. Choudhary, Eastern Publisher, New Delhi, 1996.
11. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants by C.K. Atal & B.M. Kapoor.
12. Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants, C.K. Atal & B.M. Kapoor
151
13. Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops, AA Farooqui and B.S. Sreeramu. University
Press, 2001.
14 . Medicinal plant biotechnology by Ciddi Veeresham
15. Pharmaceuticals biotechnology by S.P. Vyas & V.K. Dixit
16.Biotechnological applications to tissue culture by Shargool, Peter D, Shargoal, CKC
Press
17.Natural Products from Plants, 1st edition, by Peter B. Kaufman, CRC Press, New
York, 1998
18.Recent Advances in Phytochemistry- Vol. 1&4: Scikel Runeckles- Appleton
Century crofts.
19.Text book of Pharmacognosy, C.K.Kokate, Purohit, Ghokhale, Nirali Prakasshan, 1996.
20.Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology, Ashutoshkar, New Age Publications, New
Delhi.
152
PHYTOCHEMISTRY (MPG 103T)
THEORY 60 HOURS
Scope: Students shall be equipped with the knowledge of natural product drug discovery and
will be able to isolate, identify and extract and the phytoconstituents
OBJECTIVES
• different classes of phytoconstituents, their biosynthetic pathways, their properties, extraction
and general process of natural product drug discovery
• phytochemical fingerprinting and structure elucidation of phytoconstituents
UNIT-I 10 Hrs
Isolation, characterization and purification with a special reference to their importance in herbal
industries of following phytopharmaceuticals containing drugs.
a. Alkaloids: Ephedrine, Quinine, Strychnine, Piperine, Berberine, Taxol, Vinca alkaloids
b. Glycosides: Digitoxin, Glycyrrhizin, Sennosides, Quercetin, Bacosides
c. Steroids: Hecogenin, Guggulsterone, Withanolides
d. Coumarins: Umbelliferone
UNIT-II 10 Hrs
Drug discovery and development: History of herbs as source of drugs and drug discovery, the
lead structure selection process, structure development, product discovery process and drug
registration, Selection and optimization of lead compounds with suitable examples from the
following source : artemesin, andrographolides. Clinical studies emphasising on phases of
clinical trials, protocol design for lead molecules.
UNIT-III 10 Hrs
Extraction and Phytochemical studies: Recent advances in extractions with emphasis on
selection of method and choice of solvent for extraction, successive and exhaustive extraction
and other methods of extraction commonly used like microwaveassisted extraction, Methods of
fractionation. Separation of phytoconstituents by latest CCCET, SCFE techniques including
preparative HPLC and Flash column chromatography.
UNIT_IV: Phytochemical finger printing: HPTLC and LCMS/GCMS applications in the

characterization of herbal extracts. Structure elucidation of phytoconstituents. 10 Hrs
153
UNIT-V: Structure elucidation of the following compounds by spectroscopic techniques like
UV, IR, MS, NMR (1H, 13C)
a. Carvone, Citral, Menthol
b. Luteolin, Kaempferol Nicotine, Caffeine iv) Glycyrrhizin 10 hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Organic chemistry by I.L. Finar Vol.II
2. Pharmacognosy by Trease and Evans, ELBS.
3. Pharmacognosy by Tylor and Brady.
4. Text book of Pharmacognosy by Wallis.
5. Clark’s isolation and Identification of drugs by A.C. Mottal.
6. Plant Drug Analysis by Wagner & Bladt.
7. Wilson and Gisvolds text book of Organic Medicinnal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry by
Deorge. R.F.
8. The Chemistry of Natural Products, Edited by R.H. Thomson, Springer International Edn.
1994.
9. Natural Products Chemistry Practical Manual by Anees A Siddiqui and SeemiSiddiqui
10. Organic Chemistry of Natural Products, Vol. 1&2. Gurdeep R Chatwal.
11. Chemistry of Natural Products- Vol. 1 onwards IWPAC.
12. Modem Methods of Plant Analysis- Peach & M.V. Tracey, Vol. I&II
13. Medicinal Natural products – a biosynthetic approach, Dewick PM, John Wiley & Sons,
Toronto, 1998.
14. Chemistry of Natural Products, Bhat SV, Nagasampagi BA, Meenakshi S, Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi.
15.Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants, 2 nd edition, Bruneton J, Interceptt
Ltd., New York, 1999
154
INDUSTRIAL PHARMACOGNOSTICAL TECHNOLOGY (MPG 104T)
THEORY 60 HOURS
Scope: To understand the Industrial and commercial potential of drugs of natural origin, integrate
traditional Indian systems of medicine with modern medicine and also to know regulatory and
quality policy for the trade of herbals and drugs of natural origin.
OBJECTIVES
By the end of the course the student shall be able to know,
•the requirements for setting up the herbal/natural drug industry.
•the guidelines for quality of herbal/natural medicines and regulatory issues.
•the patenting/IPR of herbals/natural drugs and trade of raw and finished materials.
UNIT-1 12 hrs
Herbal drug industry:
a) Study of infrastructure, staff requirements, project profile, plant and equipment applicable to
herbal drug industry. Plant design, layout and construction. Pilot plant scale –up techniques.
b) GMP and GLP
UNIT-II: Regulatory requirements for setting herbal drug industry:
Global marketing management. Regulatory requirements Export - Import (EXIM) policy. TRIPS
: Quality assurance in herbal/ natural drug products. Concepts of TQM, ISO-9000.
Recent guidelines of DCGI on herbal formulations 12 hrs
UNIT-III Monographs of herbal drugs: General parameters of monograph of herbal drugs in

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, Herbal Pharmacopoeia and American Pharmacopoeia 12 hrs
UNIT-IV: 12 hrs
Testing of natural products and drugs: Herbal medicines - clinical laboratory testing. Stability
testing of natural products, protocols.
UNIT:V 12 hrs
Patents: Patenting of herbal drugs: Benefits of patent protection, Patent application, drafting and
filing an application. Indian and international patent laws, proposed amendments as applicable to
herbal/natural products and process. Geographical indication, Copyright, Patentable subject
maters, novelty, non-obviousness, utility, patent processing and grant of patents
155
Reference books
1. Herbal drug industry by R.D. Choudhary (1996), Eastern Publisher, New Delhi.
2. GMP for Botanicals - Regulatory and Quality issues on Phytomedicine by Pulok K
Mukharjee (2003), Ist Edition, Business horizons Robert Verpoorte, New Delhi.
3. Quality control of herbal drugs by Pulok K Mukarjee (2002), Business Horizons
Pharmaceutical Publisher, New Delhi.
4. PDR for Herbal Medicines (2000), Medicinal Economic Company, New Jersey.
5. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002), IDMA, Mumbai.
6. Text book of Pharmacognosy by C.K. Kokate, Purohit, Gokhlae (1996), Nirali Prakashan,
New Delhi.
7. Text book of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry by Vinod D. RangarI (2002), Part I &
II, Career Publication, Nasik, India.
8. Plant drug analysis by H.Wagner and S.Bladt, Springer, Berlin.
9. Standardization of Botanicals. Testing and extraction methods of medicinal herbs by V.
Rajpal (2004), Vol.I, Eastern Publisher, New Delhi.
10. Phytochemical Dictionary. Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants by
J.B.Harborne, (1999), IInd Edition, Taylor and Francis Ltd, UK.
11. Herbal Medicine. Expanded Commission E Monographs by M.Blumenthal, (2004), IST
Edition,
12. Drug Formulation Manual by D.P.S.Kohli and D.H.Shah (1998), Eastern Publisher, New
Delhi.
156
ADVANCED PHARMACOGNOSY PRACTICAL – I (MPG I05P)
1.Detection of Phytoconstituents by test tubes and TLC methods, such as

a.Alkaloids,
b.b. Steroids, Triterpenoids and their glycosides and saponins,
c. Anthracene glycosides d. Flavanoids and their glycosides
e. Coumarinsm f. Tannins
2.a. Identification of alkaloids in a mixture by TLC
e.g. Atropine, Caffeine , Ergot, Piperine, Quinine, Reserpine, Strychnine and Brucine
3.Isolation of the following Phytoconstituents
a.Caffeine from Tea Leaves
b.Caffeine from marketed product
c.Strychnine and Brucine from Nux-Vomica by Column chromatography.
d.Piperine from black pepper
e.Citric acid from Lemon
f.Nicotine from Tobacco
g.Pectin from Orange peels
4.Detection, extraction, and estimation of volatile oils by Clevenger’s method (Hydrodistillation
method), TLC of volatile oils and their pure constituents.
5.Isolation of starch from potatoes and rice
6.Isolation of Bixin from Bixa orellana
7.Isolation of Lawsone from Henna
8.Isolation of Curcuminoids from Curcuma Longa
9.Identification of bioactive constituents from plant extracts
Phytochemistry (MPG I06P)
1. Extraction of Carotene from Carrot

2. Extraction of Hesperidin from orange peels
3. Extraction of Glyrrhizic acid from Glycyrrhiza glabra
4. Extraction of Rutin from Nicotiana tobaccum

5. Extraction of oleo-resin from ginger
6. TLC studies of Phytoconstituents
7. Estimation of phytoconstituents by various analytical methods (UV, FTIR)
Extraction of Quercetin from Onion using column chromatography
157
SEMESTER-II
ADVANCED PHARMACOGNOSY - II (MPG 201T)
THEORY 60 HOURS
SCOPE
To know and understand the Adulteration and Deterioration that occurs in herbal/natural drugs
and methods of detection of the same. Study of herbal remedies and their validations, including
methods of screening
OBJECTIVES
validation of herbal remedies
methods of detection of adulteration and evaluation techniques for the herbal drugs
methods of screening of herbals for various biological properties
Unit-1: Herbal remedies – Toxicity and Regulations: Herbals vs Conventional drugs, Efficacy of
Herbal medicine products, Validation of herbal therapies, Pharmacodynamic and
Pharmacokinetic issues. 12 hrs
Unit-2:Adulteration and Deterioration: Introduction, Types of Adulteration/ Substitution of

Herbal drugs, Causes and Measures of Adulteration, Sampling Procedures, Determination of
Foreign Matter, DNA Finger printing techniques in identification of drugs of natural origin,
detection of heavy metals, pesticide residues, phytotoxin, microbial contamination in herbs and
their formulations. 12 hrs
Unit-3: Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology: Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation, Impact of

Ethnobotany in traditional medicine, New development in herbals, Bio-prospecting tools for
drug discovery, Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation, Reverse Pharmacology. 12 Hrs
Unit-4: Analytical Profiles of herbal drugs: Andrographis paniculata, Boswellia serata, Coleus
forskholii, Curcuma longa, Embelica officinalis, Psoralea corylifolia. 12 hrs
Unit-5: Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for Phyto-Pharmacological
Screening, New Strategies for evaluatingNatural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for
Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques for Anti-
inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio
protective, Diuretics and Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines. 12Hrs
158
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Glimpses of Indian Ethano Pharmacology by P. Pushpangadam. Ulf Nyman. V.George

Tropical Botanic Garden & Research Institute.
2. Natural products: A lab guide by Raphael Ikan, Academic Press.
3. Pharmacognosy - G. E. Trease and W.C. Evans. WB. Saunders Edinburgh, New York.
4. Pharmacognosy-Tyler, Brady, Robbers, Lee & Fetiger.
5. Modem Methods of Plant Analysis- Peach & M.V. Tracey, Vol. I & II, Springer
Publishers.
6. Herbal Drug Industry by RD. Choudhary, Eastern Publishers, New Delhi.
7. Text book of Pharmacognosy by C.K.Kokate, Purohit, Ghokhale, Nirali Prakashan.
8. Text Book of Pharmacognosy by T.E. Wallis, J & A Churchill Ltd., London.
9. Quality control of herbal drugs by Pulok K Mukherjee, Business Horizons Pharmaceutical
Publishers, New Delhi.
10. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, IDMA, Mumbai.
11. Text book of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry by Vinod D. RangarI, Part I & II,
Career Publication, Nasik, India.
12. Plant drug analysis by H.Wagner and S.Bladt, 2nd edition, Springer, Berlin.
13. Standardization of Botanicals. Testing and extraction methods of medicinal herbs by V.
Rajpal (2004), Vol.I, Eastern PublisherS, New Delhi.
14.Herbal Medicine. Expanded Commission E Monographs, M.Blumenthal
159
INDIAN SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE (MPG 203T)
THEORY 60 HOURS
SCOPE
To make the students understand thoroughly the principles, preparations of medicines of various
Indian systems of medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha, Homeopathy and Unani. Also focusing on
clinical research of traditional medicines, quality assurance and challenges in monitoring the
safety of herbal medicines.
OBJECTIVES
After completion of the course, student is able to
To understand the basic principles of various Indian systems of medicine
To know the clinical research of traditional medicines, Current Good Manufacturing Practice
of Indian systems of medicine and their formulations.
Unit-1: Fundamental concepts of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homoeopathy systems of

medicine Different dosage forms of the ISM.
Ayurveda: Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, Analysis of formulations and bio crude drugs with
references to: Identity, purity and quality. Siddha: Gunapadam (Siddha Pharmacology), raw
drugs/Dhatu/Jeevam in Siddha system of medicine, Purification process (Suddhi). 12 Hrs
Unit-2: Naturopathy, Yoga and Aromatherapy practices

a) Naturopathy - Introduction, basic principles and treatment modalities.
b) Yoga - Introduction and Streams of Yoga. Asanas, Pranayama, Meditations and
Relaxation techniques.
c) Aromatherapy – Introduction, aroma oils for common problems, carrier oils. 12 Hrs
Unit-3: Formulation development of various systems of medicine Salient features of the

techniques of preparation of some of the important class of Formulations as per Ayurveda,
Siddha, Homeopathy and Unani Pharmacopoeia and texts. Standardization,
Shelf life and Stability studies of ISM formulation. 12 hrs
Unit-4: Schedule T-GMP of Indian Systems

Components of GMP (Schedule – T) and its objectives, Infrastructural requirements, working
space, storage area, machinery and equipments, standard operating procedures, health and
hygiene, documentation and records.
Quality assurance in ISM formulation industry - GAP, GMP and GLP. Preparation of documents
for new drug application and export registration.
Challenges in monitoring the safety of herbal medicines: Regulation, quality assurance and
control, National/Regional Pharmacopoeias 12Hrs
160
Unit-5:
TKDL, Geographical indication Bill, Government bills in AYUSH, ISM, CCRAS, CCRS,
CCRH, CCRU. 12 Hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, The Controller of Publications, Civil Lines, Govt. of India,
New Delhi.
2. Hand Book on Ayurvedic Medicines, H. Panda, National Institute of Industrial Research,
New Delhi.
3. Ayurvedic System of Medicine, Kaviraj Nagendranath Sengupata, Sri Satguru
Publications, New Delhi.
4. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia. Formulary of Ayurvedic Medicines, IMCOPS, Chennai.
5. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. Formulary of Homeopathic Medicines, IMCOPS, Chennai.
6. Homeopathic Pharmacy : An introduction & Hand book, Steven B. Kayne, Churchill
Livingstone, New York.
7. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, IDMA, Mumbai.
8. British Herbal Pharmacopoeia, bRITISH Herbal Medicine Association, UK.
9. GMP for Botanicals - Regulatory and Quality issues on Phytomedicine, Pulok K
Mukharjee, Business Horizons, New Delhi.
10. Indian System of Medicine and Homeopathy in India, Planning and Evaluation Cell,
Govt. of India, New Delhi.
11. Essential of Food and Nutrition, Swaminathan, Bappco, Bangalore.
12. Clinical Dietitics and Nutrition, F.P. Antia, Oxford University Press, Delhi.
13. Yoga - The Science of Holistic Living by V.K.Yoga, Vivekananda Yoga Prakashna
Publishing, Bangalore
161
HERBAL COSMETICS (MPG 203T)
THEORY 60 HOURS
SCOPE
This subject deals with the study of preparation and standardization of herbal/natural cosmetics.
This subject gives emphasis to various national and international standards prescribed regarding
herbal cosmeceuticals.
OBJECTIVES
After completion of the course, student shall be able to,
understand the basic principles of various herbal/natural cosmetic preparations
current Good Manufacturing Practices of herbal/natural cosmetics as per the regulatory
authorities
Unit-1: Introduction: Herbal/natural cosmetics, Classification & Economic aspects.

Regulatory Provisions relation to manufacture of cosmetics: - License, GMP, offences &
Penalties, Import & Export of Herbal/natural cosmetics, Industries involved in the production of
Herbal/natural cosmetics. 12 Hrs
Unit-2: Commonly used herbal cosmetics, raw materials, preservatives, surfactants, humectants,
oils, colors, and some functional herbs, preformulation studies, compatibility studies, possible
interactions between chemicals and herbs, design of herbal cosmetic formulation. 12 hrs
Unit-3: Herbal Cosmetics : Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips
and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath
products, soaps and baby product, Preparation and standardisation of the following :
Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails. 12 hrs
Unit-4: Cosmeceuticals of herbal and natural origin: Hair growth formulations, Shampoos,
Conditioners, Colorants & hair oils, Fairness formulations, vanishing & foundation creams, anti-
sun burn preparations, moisturizing creams, deodorants. 12 Hrs
Unit-5: Analysis of Cosmetics, Toxicity screening and test methods: Quality control and toxicity
studies as per Drug and Cosmetics Act. 12 hrs
162
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Panda H. Herbal Cosmetics (Hand book), Asia Pacific Business Press Inc, New Delhi.
2. Thomson EG. Modern Cosmetics, Universal Publishing Corporation, Mumbai.
3. P.P.Sharma. Cosmetics - Formulation, Manufacturing & Quality Control, Vandana
Publications, New Delhi.
4. Supriya K B. Handbook of Aromatic Plants, Pointer Publishers, Jaipur.
5. Skaria P. Aromatic Plants (Horticulture Science Series), New India Publishing Agency,
New Delhi.
6. Kathi Keville and Mindy Green. Aromatheraphy (A Complete Guide to the Healing Art),
Sri Satguru Publications, New Delhi.
7. Chattopadhyay PK. Herbal Cosmetics & Ayurvedic Medicines (EOU), National Institute
of Industrial Research, Delhi.
8. Balsam MS & Edward Sagarin. Cosmetics Science and Technology, Wiley Interscience,
New York
163
CLINICAL RESEARCH AND PHARMACOVIGILANCE (MPG 204T)
THEORY 60 HOURS
Scope:
This subject will provide a value addition and current requirement for the students in clinical
research and pharmacovigilance. It will teach the students on conceptualizing, designing,
conducting, managing and reporting of clinical trials. This subject also focuses on global
scenario of Pharmacovigilance in different methods that can be used to generate safety data. It
will teach the students in developing drug safety data in Pre-clinical, Clinical phases of Drug
development and post market surveillance.
Objectives:
Explain the regulatory requirements for conducting clinical trial
Demonstrate the types of clinical trial designs
Explain the responsibilities of key players involved in clinical trials
Execute safety monitoring, reporting and close-out activities
Explain the principles of Pharmacovigilance
Detect new adverse drug reactions and their assessment
Perform the adverse drug reaction reporting systems and communication in Pharmacovigilance
Unit-1: Regulatory Perspectives of Clinical Trials:

Origin and Principles of International Conference on Harmonization - Good Clinical Practice
(ICH-GCP)guidelines Ethical Committee: Institutional Review Board, Ethical Guidelines for
Biomedical Research and Human Participant- Schedule Y, ICMR
Informed Consent Process: Structure and content of an Informed Consent Process Ethical
principles governing informed consent process 10 hrs
Unit-2:Clinical Trials: Types and Design Experimental Study- RCT and Non RCT,
Observation Study: Cohort, Case Control, Cross sectional Clinical Trial Study Team
Roles and responsibilities of Clinical Trial Personnel: Investigator, Study Coordinator, Sponsor,
Contract Research Organization and its management. 10 hrs
Unit-3:Clinical Trial Documentation- Guidelines to the preparation of documents, Preparation of

protocol, Investigator Brochure, Case Report Forms, Clinical Study Report Clinical Trial
Monitoring- Safety Monitoring in CT, Adverse Drug Reactions: Definition and types. Detection
and reporting methods. Severity and seriousness assessment.Predictability and preventability
assessment, Management of adverse drug reactions; Terminologies of ADR. 10 hrs
164
Unit-4:
Basic aspects,terminologies and establishment of pharmacovigilance History and progress of
pharmacovigilance, Significance of safety monitoring, Pharmacovigilance in India and
international aspects, WHO international drug monitoring programme, WHO and Regulatory
terminologies of ADR, evaluation of medication safety, Establishing pharmacovigilance centres
in Hospitals, Industry and National programmes related to pharmacovigilance. Roles and
responsibilities in Pharmacovigilance
10 hr
Unit-5: Methods, ADR reportingandtoolsusedin Pharmacovigilance

International classification of diseases, International Non- proprietary names for drugs, Passive
and Active surveillance, Comparative observational studies, Targeted clinical investigations and
Vaccine safety surveillance. Spontaneous reporting system and Reporting to regulatory
authorities, Guidelines for ADRs reporting. Argus, Aris G Pharmacovigilance, VigiFlow,
Statistical methods for evaluating medication safety data.
Unit-6: Pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacoeconomics, safety pharmacology 10 Hrs
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Central Drugs Standard Control Organization- Good Clinical Practices, Guidelines for
Clinical Trials on Pharmaceutical Products in India. New Delhi: Ministry of Health;2001.
2.International Conference on Harmonization of Technical requirements for registration of
Pharmaceuticals for human use. ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline. Guideline for Good
Clinical Practice.E6; May 1996
3.Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research on Human Subjects 2000. Indian Council of
4. Textbook of Clinical Trials edited by David Machin, Simon Day and Sylvan Green, March
2005, John Wiley and Sons
5.Clinical Data Management edited by R K Rondels, S A Varley, C F Webbs. Second Edition,
Jan 2000, Wiley Publications
165
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
MODERN PHARMACEUTICALANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES (MPC101T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope: The appreciable knowledge will be gained by the students in the Modern Analytical
Techniques and can apply the theories in the Analysis of various bulk drugs and their
formulations. The students will also be in a position to apply their knowledge in developing the
new methods for the determination and validate the procedures.
Objectives: The course is designed to impart the knowledge in different analytical techniques
like UV-Visible, IR, GC, HPLC etc so that it can be used in the analysis of bulk drugs and
formulations.
UNIT I 12Hours
Introduction to chromatography and classification of chromatographic methods based on the
mechanism of separation
A. Column Chromatography: Adsortion and partition, materials used for separation, solvent
system, procedure and method of detection. Theory, principles involved in separation, apparatus,
column materials, number of theoretical plates, elution, method of detection. Modifications like
VLC, Flash, MPLC, their advantage over open column CC.
B. Paper Chromatography: Theory, different techniques employed, filter papers used,
qualitative and quantitative detection
UNIT II 12Hours
A. Thin Layer Chromatography: Theory, principles of separation, apparatus, coating
materials, spotting, solvent systems, detection, Uses of TLC: Finding the number of compounds;
the class of compounds; Testing for purity/ detection of impurities; identifying compounds-Co-
TLC,Mixed TLC; isolating compounds in a pure form-preparative TLC; Two dimensional TLC.
B. HPTLC: Theory and principle, instrumentation, elution techniques and pharmaceutical
applications
C. A comparative study; how is HPTLC is different from TLC, apparatus; Coating materials-
particle size; detection; uses.
UNIT II 12Hours
a. Gas Chromatography: Introduction, fundamentals, instrumentation, columns: preparation
and operation, detection; derivatization.
b. HPLC and UPLC: Principles and instrumentation, solvents and columns used Operational
modes, detection and applications.
166
UNIT III 12Hours
A.Electrophoresis:Principle,Instrumentation,Workingconditions,factors affectingseparation and
applications ofthefollowing:a) Paperelectrophoresisb)Gelelectrophoresisc)Capillary electrophoresis d)
Zone electrophores e) Moving boundaryelectrophoresis f)Isoelectricfocusing
B.X rayCrystallography: Production of X rays, Different X raymethods, Bragg‘s law, Rotating

crystal technique, X ray powdertechnique,Typesof crystalsandapplicationsofX-raydiffraction.
UNIT IV 12Hours
A.UV-Visible spectroscopy:Theory and instrumentation in brief. Chromophore; Auxochrome;
Types of electronic transitions; Solvent effects; Quantitative estimation of Riboflavin,
Paracetamol, Diclofenac, Metronidazole,Aspirin..
B.IR spectroscopy: Theory, Modes of Molecular vibrations, Samplehandling, Instrumentation
of Dispersive and Fourier – TransformIR Spectrometer, Factors affecting vibrational frequencies,
Quantitative estimation of APIs using IR spectroscopy.
UNIT V 12Hours
A. Spectroflourimetry: Theory of Fluorescence, Factors affectingfluorescence, Quenchers,
Instrumentation and Applications offluorescence spectrophotometer.
B. Flame emission spectroscopy and Atomic absorptionspectroscopy: Principle,
Instrumentation, Interferences andApplications.
REFERENCES
1.Spectrometric Identification of Organic compounds - Robert M Silverstein,Sixth edition, John

Wiley & Sons, 2004.
7. Pharmaceutical Analysis - Modern Methods – Part B - J W Munson, Vol 11, Marcel. Dekker
Series
8. Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, 2nd edn., P.S/Kalsi, Wiley estern Ltd., Delhi.
9. Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis, KA.Connors, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1982.
167
ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – I (MPC102T)
THEORY 60Hours
Scope: Subject is designed to provide in-depth knowledge about advances in organic chemistry,
different techniques of organic synthesis and their applications to process chemistry as well as
drug discovery.
Objectives:
The aim of the course is to impart knowledge to the students of:
 Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution,
 lectrophilic aromatic substitution
 Elimination reaction,their mechanism and applications.
 Knowledge of some named organic reactions, synthetic reagents and their application
will be imparted.
 Another important objective of the course is to introduce the student to the chemistry of
heterocyclic compounds as drugs, by and large, have heterocyclic rings.

Unit-I
Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution: 12Hours
SN1 and SN2 reactions; mechanism and kinetics; structure and reactivity; stereochemistry; SN1
Vs SN2; role of solvent; substitution Vs elimination; necleophilic substitution – alkyl halides Vs
alcohols; SN1 and rearrangement; stability of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes
and nitrenes:Their method of formation and synthetic applications.
Unit-II 10Hours
Electrophilic aromatic substitution: reactions; mechanism; proof for the mechanism;
sulfonation – a reversible reaction; theory of reactivity; theory of orientation; orientation and
synthesis.
Unit-III 10Hours
Elimination reactions: E1 and E2 mechanisms of alkyl halides and alcohols; evidence; E1 Vs
E2; elimination Vs substitution; 1,1 and 1,2- elimination; E1CB; Saytzeff’s rule; Hofmann
rule/elimination; stereochemistry of E2 reactions; elimination from alicyclic compounds.
Unit-IV 14Hours
a) Study of mechanism and synthetic applications of following named Reactions:Ugi
reaction, Diekmann reaction, Sandmeyer reaction, Mannich reaction, Vilsmeyer-Haack
reaction, Beckmann rearrangement, Fries rearrangement, Phillip’s condensation and
Michael addition reaction.
b) Synthetic Reagents & Applications:

Aluminium isopropoxide, N-bromosuccinamide, diazomethane, dicyclohexyl carbodimide,
Witting reagent, Osmium tetroxide, diethyl azodicarboxylate,Triphenyl phosphine, Lithium
aluminium hydride, Sodium borohydride, DCC (N,N-diacylohexyl carbodiamide) reagent.
168
Unit-V 14Hours
A.Heterocylic chemistry: Structures of heterocylic compounds; aromatic and nonaromatic
heterocylces; nomenclature;
B.Five-membered ring compounds with one heteroatom:Pyrroles, Furans and Thiophenes;

Aromaticity; acidity; basicity; two synthetic methods for each class; reactions; electrophillic
substitution; reactions with acids, carbenes, nitrenes; oxidizing and reducing agents; Diels-Alder
reaction; photochemical reactions; alkylation of pyroles; metalation of furans; reactions of
thiophenes with nucleophiles.Compare the reactivity of Pyrroles, Furans and Thiophenes.
.
C.Six-membered heterocyclic ring compounds with one heteroatom: Pyridines:
nomenclature; physical and spectroscopic properties; tautomerism; synthetic methods; chemical
reactions – with acids, electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution, Diels-Alder reactions,
quaternization, reaction with oxidizing and reducing agents; hetaryne formation; ring opening
reactions; reactions with free radicals; photochemical reactions; the Claisen rearrangement;
derivatives of pyridine – alkyl and aryl pryidinesl halopyridines, aminopyridines, pyridine N-
oxide, hydroxypyridines, pyridine aldhydes and ketones
D. Synthesisof heterocyclic compounds:
Two methods of synthesis and reactions of the following heterocylic compounds or their
derivatives; a) quinolines b) isoquinolines c) indoles d) pridazines e) pyrimidines f) pyrazines g)
thiazoles h) imidazoles i) oxazoles
REFERENCES
1. “Advanced Organic chemistry, Reaction, Mechanisms and Structure”, J.March, John
Wiley and Sons, New York.
2. “Mechanism and Structure in Organic Chemistry”, ES Gould, Hold Rinchart and
Winston, New York.
3. “Organic Chemistry” Clayden, Greeves, Warren and Woihers., Oxford University Press
2001.
4. “Organic Chemistry” Vol I and II. I.L. Finar. ELBS, Pearson Education Lts, Dorling
Kindersley India Pvt. Ltd.
5. A guide to mechanisms in Organic Chemistry, Peter Skyes (Orient Longman, New
Delhi).
6. Reactive Intermediates in Organic Chemistry, Tandom and Gowel, Oxford & IBH
Publishers.
7. Principles of Organic Synthesis, ROC Norman and JM Coxan, Nelson Thorns.
8. Organic Synthesis - Special Techniques. VK Ahluwalia and R Agarwal, Narosa
Publishers.
9. Organic Reaction Mechanisms IVth Edtn, VK Ahluwalia and RK Parashar, Narosa
Publishers.
10. Heterocyclic Chemistry – J.A.Joule, K.Mills and G.F. Smith 3rd Edition, CRC press.
11. Heterocyclic Chemistry – Thomas L.Gilchrist, 3rd Edition, Pearson publications
12. Heterocyclic Chemistry – Raj K. Bansal, 7th Edition, New age International Publishers.
169
ADVANCED MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (MPC 103T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope:
The subject is designed to impart knowledge about recent advances in the field of medicinal
chemistry at the molecular level including different techniques for the rational drug design.
Objective:
The objective of the course is to impart knowledge in
 Drug discovery
 Role of medicinal chemistry in drug research
 Different techniques for drug discovery
 Various strategies to design and develop new drug like molecules for biological targets
 The course is also imparts knowledge about different classes of drugs, their origin,
mechanism of action, use, toxicity etc.
Unit-I 12Hours
A brief review of the following topics:

a. Sources Of New Drugs;
b. Leads From Natural Products;
c. Molecular Modifications;
d. Random Screening;
e. High Throught Put Screening;
f. In silico Screening;
g. Structural Features And Pharmacological Acivity;
h. Prodrugs;
i. Soft Drugs;
j. Isosterism
Unit-II 12Hours
An account of their origin and development, classification, structures, mechanism of action,
SAR, uses and toxicity of:
a. Analgesics (non-opioid) and antipyretics
b. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents
c. Synnthesis of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Aceclofenac
d. Antidiabetic agents
e. Synnthesis of Tolbutamide, Chlopropamide, Glipizide, Glimepride, Metformin
d. Screening methods of these classes
170
Unit-III 12Hours

a. β-Adrenergic blockers
b. ACE inhibitors
c. Diuretics
d. Synthesis of Propranolol, Hydralazine, Minoxidil, Captopril, Lisinopril,
Furosemide,Hydrochlorthiazide
e. H1- receptor antagonists
f. H2-receptor antagonists
g. Gastric-Proton Pump Inhibitors
h. Synthesis of Levocitrizine, Ranitidine, Omeprazole
i. Screening methods of these classes
Unit-IV 12Hours
a. Anthihyperlipidemic agents
b. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
c. Quinolone antibacterial agents.
d. Screening methods of these classes
Unit-V 12Hours
SAR, uses and toxicity:
a. Anticancer agents
b. Antiviral agents
c. Immunosupressants and immunostimulatns
d. Synthesis of Chlorambucil, Methotrexate, Stavudine
e. Screening methods of these classes
Books Recommended:
1. Textbook of Wilson and Gisvolds organic medicinal and pharmaceutical by Charles
Owens Wilon, 12th edition , 2010, publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins .Foye’s
principles of medicinal chemistry
2. Burger’s medicinal chemistry and drug discovery
3. Organic chemistry of synthetic drugs – Lednier
4. Screening methods in pharmacology – Robert A. Turner.
5. Drug Evaluation – Vogel.
6. Evaluation of Drug Activities – Lawrence and Bachrach.
7. Methods in Pharmacology – Swarbrick.
8. Medicinal Chemistry-Surendranath Pandeya,Volume I and Volume II
9. Medicinal Chemistry-Ashutosh kar, New Age International Publications
10. Pharmacopoeias
171
CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS (M P C 104 T)
THEORY 60Hrs
Scope:
The subject is designed to provide a detailed knowledge about chemistry, biological activity,
mechanism of action, SAR, toxicity, and use of medicinal compounds of natural origin, their
semisynthetic derivatives and development of clinically used drugs taking natural products as
leads.
Objectives:
The objectives of this course are to impart knowledge to students of :
 Different types of natural compounds, their chemistry and medicinal importance.
 How natural compounds act as drugs per se and as lead molecules in drug discovery.
 How structures are important for biological activity and how a change in structure affects
biological activity.
 How biotechnology is contributing to the development of pharmaceuticals of natural
origin.
UNIT - I 10Hrs
(a) Natural products as leads in drug discovery and development :

How natural products acted as lead molecules in drug discovery and development with emphasis
on the source of the natural compound, history/origin, how synthetic drugs were devoloped from
them .
From:
a. Salicin to aspirin
b. Quinine to antimalarials
c. Cocaine to local anaesthetics
d. Curare alkaloids to neuromuscular blocking drugs.
e. Fungal metabolites to modern statins
f. Snake venom to antihypertensives
(b) Recombinant DNA technology and drug discovery.
UNIT - II 10Hrs
a. Alkaloids of opium: Structure of morphine; peripheral groups;
modification in pheripheral groups and effect on analgesic / biologic activity; relative potencies;
opioid receptors; endorphins and enkephalins.
b. Ring analogues of morphine; morphinans-levorphanol and butorphanol; benzomorphans-
pentazocine and phenazociane; aminotetralins-dezocine;4-phenylpiperidines-meperidine
(pethidine); 4-Anilidopiperidines or the fentanyl group-fentanyl, alfentanyl, sufentanyl,
remifentanil, lofentanil; diphenylheptanone derivatives-methadone; structures; receptor
affinities; relative potencies; advantages of these compounds; structural difference
between 4-phenyl and 4-anilidopiperidines.
c. Opioid antidiarrheals-How structural modification of 4-phenylpiperidines and methadone led
to the discovery of diphenoxylate and loperamide structures. Mode of action; usage; metabolism
172
of diphenoxylate; diphenoxin ; combination with atropine; binding of these compounds to opioid
receptor; abuse potential; use.
d. Antitissue agents (opioid)
Study of codeine, hydrocodone hydromorphone, noscapine,
dextromethorphan, levopropoxyphene, pholcodine. Their structures, relative advantages, uses.
Relationship between levorphanol and dextromethorphan; between levopropoxyphene and
methadone.
e. Morphine antagonists- Nalorphine, levallorphan, naloxone, naltrexone,nalmefene,
cyclazocine. Structures; a comparative study of the structures of levorphanol and levallorphan,
oxymorphone, naloxone and naltrexone, cyclazocine and pentazocine; receptor affinities; relative
advantages, uses.
UNIT - III 10Hours

Anticancer agents of natural origin :
a.Anticancer agents of plant origin: Source; structures; description of the structural features;
SAR; semisynthetic derivatives; mechanism of action; toxicity; and uses of :
(1)Vincristine and vinblastine
(2) Podophyllotoxin
(3) Taxol
(4) Camptothecin
(b) Anticancer antibiotics: source; structures; descriptions of the structural features; mechanism
of action; SAR; and uses of the following antibiotics :
(1)Dactinomycin
(2)Daunorubicin, doxorubicin ( adriamycin ), idarubicin; metabolism of daunorubicin and
doxorubicin; analogous of doxorubicin - esorubicin,
epirubicin, pirarubicin, valrubicin.
(3)A brief account of nogalamycin, menogaril, mithramycin, mitomycins,streptozocin
(c) Anticancer agents from marine organisms: bryostatin, dolostatin .
Unit IV 20Hours
Steroids:
(a) Definition; numbering the carbons and labelling the rings; some basic steroid skeleta;
nomenclature; sterochemistry; chemical and physical properties of steroids; changes to modify
pharmacokinetics properties of steroids.
(b) Sources of steroid drugs: source and structures of cholesterol, ergosterol, stigmasterol and
diosgenin, history of development of steroid industry. Marker’s synthesis .
(c) Steroidal antiinflammatory agents: structures; SAR; routes of
administration; main pharmacologic effects - immuno-suppression, anti-allergic and
antiinflammatory; therapeutic users; toxicity; contraindications; esters and salts of corticoids and
their formulation suitability. A detailed study of the following classes with additional
information indicated.
(i) Systemicglucocorticoids: list of compounds and their derivatives; classification;
interconversion of cortisone and hydrocortisone; prednisone and prednisolone; rationale behind
development of so many glucocorticoids; effect of substituent groups on glucocorticoid /
mineralocorticoid activity; relative potencies; derivatives; formulation.
173
(ii) Topical glucocorticoids; systemic absorption; determining relative potency; classification;
compounds used; formulations; the 21-chloro corticoids; non-fluorinated compounds; their
relation to known corticoids; metabolism of prednicarbate and its low systemic side
effects.
(iii) Inhaled and intranasal glucocorticoids: pharmacokinetics properties/qualities desirable for
these compounds; modification of pharmacokinetics through modification of structures and its
consequences; special qualities of the new inhaled and intranasal glucocorticoids; characteristics
of inhaled glucocorticoids used in asthma and allergic rhinitis; names of inhalers.
(iv) Ophthalmic glucocorticoids: Difference in structure between ophthalmic and other
glucocorticoids.
(d) Steroidal antifertility agents: History; estrogens; pregnane progestins;androstanes;
importances of ethisterone; development of 19-norandrostanes; structures; mechanism of action;
role of estrogens; regimens; toxicity; metabolism of desogestrel and norgestimate; androgenic
activity; uses of medroxyprogesterone, norethindrone, magestrol acetate. Progestin antagonists.
Steroid receptors - new insights.
(e) Anabolic steroids: Rationale for development; 19-norandrogens
(19-nortestosterone derivatives); androstanes; oxasteroids; heterocyclic ring fused compounds;
experimental compounds; structures; therapeutic
uses; side effects.
(f) Steroids in the treatment of cancers: Estrogens; antiestrogens;aromatase inhibitors;
progestins; progestin antagonists; androgens and anabolic steroids; antiandrogens; 5𝛼- reductase
inhibitors;gonadotropin inhibitors; glucocorticoids.
UNIT V 10Hours
Cephalosporins:
Historical background; classification; structures; numbering the ring system; nomenclature;
degradation; spectrum of activity; SAR; β-lactamase resistance; antipseudomonal
cephalosporins; mechanism of action; uses; toxicity; development of new
cephalosporins-recent advances; prodrugs in cephalosporins; penicillins Vs cephalosporins-a
comparative account of the structural features and biological activity; β-lactamase inhibitors;
mechanism of β-lactamase inhibition; monobactams.
REFERENCE
1. Textbook of Wilson and Gisvolds organic medicinal and pharmaceutical by Charles Owens
Wilon, 12th edition, 2010, publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2. Foyes principles of medicinal chemistry, 7th edition by Lemke,
Thomas L, 8th edition, 2019, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
3. Burgers medicinal chemistry, drug discovery and development by Donald J.Abraham,
8 volumes, 8th edition, 2021.
4.Organic Chemistry Of Natural Products, volumes 1&2, Gurdeep Chatwal, Himalaya publishing
house.
5. Organic chemistry of natural products, volumes 1&2, O.P.Agarwal.
6. Organic chemistry, volume 2, I.L.Finar, 5th edition, 1975.
7. Elements of biotechnology, P.K.Gupta, Rastogi publishers.
8. Pharmaceutical biotechnology, S.P.Vyas & V.K.Dikshit, CBS Publishers.
174
CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS ( MPC 105 P )
1. Isolation and purification of some of the following natural products.

a. Piperine from black pepper
b. Strychnine and Brucine from Strychnos nuxvomica seeds
c. Caffeine from Tea Powder
d. Curcumin from Turmeric
e. Bixin from Bixa orellana seeds
f. Diosgenin from Diascoria tubers
g. Sennosides from Senna leaves
h. Embelin from Emblica ribes fruits
The use of column, flash and vacuum liquid chrmatographies for isolating some of the above
mentioned phytoconstituents.
1. Identification of alkaloids in mixture by TLC.
2. Preparative TLC for separation and isolation
3. Identification of phytoconstituents like alkaloids, steroids, flavanoids etc in plant extracts by
TLC.
4. Separation of sugars/amino acids by paper chromatography.
5. Separation of compounds by HPLC
6. Analysis of recorded spectra of some simple organic compounds.
7. Tests to detect alkaloids, steroids, flavanoids and their glycosides.
Books Recommended:
1. Natural products, a laboratory guide – Rephael Ikan.

2. Laboratory hand book for the fraction of natural extracts – Peter J. Houghton & Amala
Raman.
3. An Atlas of TLC – H. Wagner.
175
ADVANCED MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY –I (MPC106P)
1. Synthesis, purification and identification some of the following drugs.
a) Sulfanilmide b) Uracil c) Phenytoin d) Ibuprofen e) para-Amino salicylic acid (PAS) f)

Paracetamol g) Atenolol (h) proranolol. i) Benzocaine
2. Screening for the following activities

. CNS – Rota rod experiment Catatonia testing
. Experiments on isolated tissues – Testing for anti-histaminic and anti-cholinergic activities.
. Local anesthetic activity.
3. Spectral analysis:
. Spectra to be recorded for some compounds and analyzed.
. Analysis of pre-recorded spectra.
Books Recommended:
Practical Organic Chemistry – Vogel.
Organic chemistry of synthetic drugs – Lednicer.
176
SEMESTER-II
Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compounds (MPC201T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Objective:
Students of M. Pharm, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry branch carry out research in III and
IV semesters. They synthesize organic compounds or isolate natural compounds and screen them
for biological activity. They have to characterize the compounds. This helps in identifying
organic compounds by spectroscopic means.The aim of this course is to train the student in the
spectroscopic techniques so that he will be able to interpret different spectra and
elucidate/confirm the structure of compounds he has isolated/ synthesized. Therefore, the
emphasis while teaching the subject should be on the applications of the techniques. A detailed
study of applications of the following spectroscopic techniques in the determination of structure
of the following classes of compounds with the help of simple examples is to be taught. (i)
Alkanes and cycloalkanes (ii) Alkenes and alkynes (iii) Aldehydes and ketones (iv) Alcohols and
phenols(v) Carboxylic acids and derivatives (vi) Aromatic compounds and arenes (vii) Amines
(viii) Alkyl and aryl halides (ix) Simple heterocyclic compounds.
The following techniques to be taught:
Unit I: 10 Hours
a. UV Spectroscopy: Woodward-Fieser rules; Applications of UV-Visible spectroscopy in
structural elucidation; Study of keto-enol tautomerism; Solving problems. (3-4 Hours)
b. IR spectroscopy: Theory and instrumentation in brief. Molecular vibrations; Factors
influencing vibrational frequencies; Sampling techniques; Finger print region; Study of
Keto-enol tautomerism; intra & inter-molecular hydrogen bonding; Studying progress in
Chemical reactions; geometric and rational isomerism; Conformational analysis; spectral
features of Classes of compounds indicated above. Solving problems. (6-7 Hours)
Unit II: Mass spectrometry: 12 Hours

Theory and instrumentation. Ionization techniques-EI, CI, ESI, FAB, MALDI etc. High
resolution MS; Molecular ions; important features of molecular ion peak; Determination of
molecular formula; Mc Lafferty rearrangement; Metastable ions or peaks; Isotope peaks, The
nitrogen rule; general fragmentation modes; Fragmentation in the classes of compounds
indicated above. Problems and their solution.
Unit III: 1H NMR 10 Hours

Theory and instrumentation in brief. Solvents; Number of signals chemical equivalence,
stereochemical equivalence in predicting the number of signals. intensity of signals; Chemical
shift; factors influencing chemical shift; Spin-Spin Coupling; Coupling Constants;long- range
coupling; Shielding and deshielding; Magnetic anisotropy; Protons on oxygen and nitrogen;
Proton exchange; NMR spectra of the classes of compounds indicated above. Problems and their
solution.
177
Unit IV: 13C NMR, DEPT and 2DNMR 18 Hours
a. Differences between 1H and 13C NMR; Chemical shifts and scale; proton-coupled and
proton- decoupled 13C spectra; Off-resonance decoupling; Solvents; Coupling of carbon to
deuterium, fluorine and phosphorus; Spectra of the classes of compounds indicated above.
Problems and their solution.
b. An account of DEPT. Interpretation of DEPT spectra.
c.A brief account of the following 2D NMR techniques with emphasis on the interpretation
of the spectra and their use.
(a) COSY (b) HETCOR (c) HSQC, HMBC (d)HMBC
Problems and their solution: Students are to be provided with the spectra of simple compounds
and taught their interpretation. How they help in confirming the structural features, the 1H and
13
C NMR assignments of compounds is to be taught.
UNIT V: Problems and their solution. 10 Hours

Determination of structures using a combination of spectra/spectral data. Here the emphasis is
on solving problems through interpretation of different spectra or data like UV, IR, Mass, 1H and
13
C NMR including 2D-NMR spectra. Simple problems to be worked from books like Pavia,
Silverstein, Field etc., mentioned under the “Books recommended” sections, apart from other
books.
Books Recommended:
1. Organic Chemistry-Morrison and Boyd-along with the study guide.
2. Spectroscopy-Pavia, Lampman, Kriz, Vyvyan - Publisher: Book/cole, Cengage learning.
3. Spectroscopic methods of identification of organic compounds-Silverstein, Webster,
Kiemle, Bryce. 8th edition - Wiley.
4. Structure elucidation by modern NMR, a work book - Duddeck, Detrich and Toth.
5. Elementary organic spectroscopy-Y. R. Sharma. Publisher:S.Chand.
6. Spectroscopy of organic compounds-P.S.Kalsi. Publisher : New Age International
Publisher.
7. Organic structures from spectra- L.D.Field, H.L.Li, A.M.Magill-6th edition-Wiley.
8. Organic structures from 2DNMR spectra-L.D.Field, H.L.Li, A.M.Magill-Published 2015-
Wiley.
9. Websites
178
ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – II (MPC 202T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Objective :
The aim of the course is to impart knowledge to the student of:
 retrosynthesis
 chiral synthesis
 green chemistry
 peptide chemistry
 catalysis
.
Unit I: 12Hours
Synthonapproach and retrosynthesis applications
i. Basic principles, terminologies and advantages of retrosynthesis; guidelines for dissection of
molecules.
Functional group interconvertion and addition (FGI and FGA), chemioselectivity,
regioselectivity.
ii. C‐X disconnections; C‐C disconnections – alcohols and carbonyl compounds; 1,2‐, 1,3‐,1,4‐,
1,5‐, 1,6‐difunctionalized compounds
iii. Strategies for synthesis of three, four, five and six‐membered ring.
Unit II: 12Hours

Stereochemistry and chiral synthesis
a. Basic concepts in stereochemistry – optical activity, specific rotation, racemates and
resolution of racemates, the Cahn, Ingold, Prelog (CIP) sequence rule, meso compounds, pseudo
asymmetric centres, axes of symmetry, Fischers D and L notation, cis-trans isomerism, E and Z
notation.
b.Chiral drug synthesis: Introduction to chiral drugs; importance of stereochemistry in drug
action; concepts of eutomer; distomer and eudesmic ratio, stereospecific and stereoselective
synthesis; synthesis of chiral drugs like Ibuprofen, Propranolol, Ramipril, Levofloxacin.
Unit III 12Hours
a. Green chemistry: Introduction, Green reagents; ionic solvents; phase transfer catalysis in
green synthesis; application of phase transfer catalysts in green synthesis of heterocyclic
compounds; Williamson’s synthesis, Witting reactions.
b. Microwave assisted reactions: Merit and demerits of its use, increased reaction rates,
mechanism, superheating effects of microwave, effects of solvents in microwave assisted
synthesis, microwave technology in process optimization, its applications in various organic
reactions and heterocycles synthesis
c. Microwave assisted synthesis: Introduction; microwave reactions in water (Hofmann
elimination, hydrolysis and oxidation); microwave reactions in organic solvents; solid state
reactions; advantages of microwave technique.
179
Unit IV 12Hours
a. Chemistry of peptides:
Definition, C-terminal and N-terminal concept,end group analysis, A brief account on
pharmaceutical importance of peptides and proteins.
b. Coupling reactions in peptide synthesis
c. Principles of solid phase peptide synthesis, t-BOC and FMOC protocols, various solid
supports and linkers: Activation procedures, peptide bond formation, deprotection and cleavage
from resin, low and high HF cleavage protocols, formation of free peptides and peptide amides,
purification and case studies, site-specific chemical modifications of peptides
d. Segment and sequential strategies for solution phase peptide synthesis with any two case
studies
Unit V 12Hours
Catalysis:
Types of catalysis, heterogeneous and homogenous catalysis, advantages and disadvantages
a. Heterogeneous catalysis – Preparation, characterization, kinetics, supported catalysts, catalyst
deactivation and regeneration, some examples of heterogeneous catalysis used in synthesis of
drugs.
b. Homogenous catalysis, hydrogenation, hydroformylation, hydrocyanation, Wilkinson
catalysts, chiral ligands and chiral induction, Ziegler‐Natta catalysts, some examples of
homogenous catalysis used in synthesis of drugs
c. Phase transfer catalysis‐ theory and applications
REFERENCES
1. “Advanced Organic chemistry, Reaction, mechanisms and structure”, JMarch, John Wiley
and sons, New York.
2. “Mechanism and structure in organic chemistry”, ES Gould, Hold Rinchartand
Winston,NewYork.
3. “Organic Chemistry” Clayden, Greeves, Warren and Woihers., OxfordUniversity Press
2001.
4. “Organic Chemistry” Vol I and II. I.L. Finar. ELBS, Sixth ed., 1995.
5. Carey, Organic chemistry, 5th edition (Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.)
6. Organic synthesis-the disconnection approach, S. Warren, Wily India
7. Principles of organic synthesis, ROCNorman and JMCoxan, Nelson thorns
8. Organic synthesis- Special techniques VK Ahluwalia and R Aggarwal,Narosa Publishers.
9. Organic reaction mechanisms IV edtn, VK Ahluwalia and RK Parashar,Narosa Publishers.
10. Theory and practice of Green Chemistry-Paul T Anastas and John C.Warner
11. New trends in Green Chemistry-V.K.Ahulwalia and M.Kidwai
12. Chiro Technology-Roger A.Sheldon
180
COMPUTER AIDED DRUG DESIGN (MPC 203T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope:
The subject is designed to impart knowledge on the current state of the art techniques involved in
computer assisted drug design.
Objectives:
At completion of this course it is expected that students will be able to understand
 Role of CADD in drug discovery
 Different CADD techniques and their applications
 Various strategies to design and develop new drug like molecules.
 Working with molecular modeling softwares to design new drug
molecules
 The in silico virtual screening protocols
 Analyze effectivity of new molecules from medicinal chemistry
perspective
 Correlate biological responses of molecules with different attributes
Unit 1. Introduction to Computer Aided Drug Design (CADD) 12 Hrs
History, different techniques and applications.

Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships: Basics, History and development of QSAR:
Physicochemical parameters : Hydrophobicity (The partition coefficient ( P ), The substituent
hydrophobicity constant (π),P versus π); Electronic effects (The Hammett substituent constant (sigma
σX ), and steric effects (Taft steric and MR parameters) .Methods to calculate physicochemical
parameters, with examples such as calculation of log P of chlorobenzene, benzamide and
m-chlorobenzamide : Hammett equation Experimental and theoretical approaches for the
determination of these physicochemical parameters explanation for steric and electronic factors and
Craig plot and Topliss scheme. Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships(QSAR): Applications
Hansch analysis, Free Wilson analysis and relationship between them, Advantages and
disadvantages; Deriving 2D-QSAR equations. 3D-QSAR approaches and contour map analysis.
Statistical methods used in QSAR analysis and importance of statistical parameters.
Unit 2: Pharmacophore Mapping and Virtual Screening 12 Hrs

Concept of pharmacophore, pharmacophore mapping, identification of Pharmacophore features and
Pharmacophore modeling; Conformational search used in pharmacophore mapping.
In Silico Drug Design and Virtual Screening Techniques:
Similarity based methods and Pharmacophore based screening, structure based In-silico virtual
screening protocols. Different chemical and drug databases used in virtual screening.
Unit 3: Molecular Modeling and Docking 12 Hrs

a) Molecular and Quantum Mechanics in drug design. Brief introduction to DFT (Denisty Functional
Theory)
b) Energy Minimization Methods: comparison between global minimum conformation and bioactive
conformation
181
c) Molecular docking and drug receptor interactions: Rigid docking, flexible docking and extra-
precision docking. Different types of Scoring functions. Agents acting on enzymes such as DHFR,
HMG-CoA reductase and HIV protease, choline esterase (AchE & BChE)
Unit 4: Molecular Properties and Drug Design 12 Hrs

a) Prediction and analysis of ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and
Toxicity) properties of new molecules and its importance in drug design.
b) De novo drug design: Receptor/enzyme-interaction and its analysis, Receptor/enzyme cavity size
prediction, predicting the functional components of cavities, Fragment based drug design.
c) Homology modeling and generation of 3D-structure of protein. methods and mathematical
expressions, Protein structure validation, active site prediction
Unit 5: Molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) studies 12 Hrs

Introduction to MDS and software tools employed. Different file formats in GROMACS. Detailed
process of protein in water and protein-ligand complex in water MDS. Analysis of MDS trajectories:
RMSD (Root Mean Square Deviation), RMS F(Root Mean Square Square Fluctuation), Radius of
Gyration and hydrogen bond analysis. Brief mathematical concept of MM- PBSA (Molecular
Mechanics- Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area)
REFERENCES
1. Computational and structural approaches to drug discovery, Robert MStroud and Janet. F Moore,
RCS Publishers.
2. Introduction to Quantitative Drug Design by Y.C. Martin, CRC Press,Taylor & Francis group..
3. Drug Design by Ariens Volume 1 to 10, Academic Press, 1975, ElsevierPublishers.
4. Principles of Drug Design by Smith and Williams, CRC Press, Taylor &Francis.
5. The Organic Chemistry of the Drug Design and Drug action by Richard B.Silverman, Elsevier
Publishers.
6. Medicinal Chemistry by Burger, Wiley Publishing Co.
7. Justin A. Lemkul. From Proteins to Perturbed Hamiltonians: A Suite of Tutorials for the GROMACS-
2018 Molecular. Simulation Package [Article v1.0]. Living J. Comp. Mol. Sci. 2019, 1(1), 5068.
https://doi.org/10.33011/livecoms.1.1.5068 (MDS) 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9010071 Outi M. H. Salo-
Ahen, Ida Alanko, et al., Molecular Dynamics Simulations in Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical
Development. Development. Processes 2021, 9, 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9010071
9. Gonçalo C. Justino1,2 | Catarina P. Nascimento2 | Marta C. Justino2,3. Molecular dynamics
simulations and analysis for bioinformatics undergraduate students. Biochem Mol Biol Educ.
2021;49:570–582. DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21512
10. Computational Medicinal Chemistry for Drug Discovery. Edited By Patrick Bultinck, Hans De
Winter Wilfried Langenaeker, Jan P. Tollenaere
11. Ercheng Wang, Huiyong Sun, Junmei Wang, Zhe Wang, Hui Liu, John Z. H. Zhang, and Tingjun
Hou. End-Point Binding Free Energy Calculation with MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA: Strategies and
Applications in Drug Design Chemical Reviews 2019 119 (16), 9478-9508. DOI:
10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00055
12. Tingjun Hou, Junmei Wang, Youyong Li, and Wei Wang. Assessing the Performance of the
MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA Methods. 1. The Accuracy of Binding Free Energy Calculations Based on
Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 2011 51 (1), 69-82.
DOI: 10.1021/ci100275a
13. Samuel Genheden & Ulf Ryde (2015) The MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods to estimate ligand-
binding affinities, Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 10:5, 449-461, DOI:
10.1517/17460441.2015.1032936
182
ADVANCED MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY -II (MPC 204T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope
The subject is designed to impart knowledge about recent advances in the field of medicinal
chemistry at the molecular level including different techniques for the rational drug design.
Objective:
The objective of the course is to impart an in-depth knowledge of synthetic drugs belonging to
different classes, their origin, mechanism of action, SAR, use and toxicity.
Unit I: 12Hours
Psychopharmacological agents: Biochemical basis of mental disorders; abnormal protein factors;

endogenous amines and related substances; faulty energy metabolism; genetic disorders and
nutritional disorders; phenothiazines – chemistry; synthesis. Screening methods;
pharmacological actions; SAR; mechanism of action; uses; toxicity; ring analogues of
phenothiazines; fluorobutyrophenones; Development of atypical antipsychotics. of
Chlorpromazine, Prochlorperazine, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol.
Unit II: 12Hours

Anxiolytics, Sedatives And Hypnotics:Screening methods;Benzodiazepines and related
compounds; barbiturates; other classes; mechanism of acition, SAR; uses and toxicity Synthesis
of Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam, Alprazolam, Phenobarbital, Meprobamate.
Unit III: 12Hours
Antidepressants: MAO inhibitors; tricylic antidepressants; SAR; mechanism of action; uses;

toxicity other classes like: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, selective 5-HT and NE
reuptake inhibitors; selective serotoninergic reuptake inhibitors and 5-HT2A antagonists; 5-
HT1A agonists and partial agonists and α2-antagonists. Syntheis of Tranycypromine,
Amitriptyline, Fluoxetine, Buspirone.
Unit IV: 12Hours

Antiepileptics & CNS stimulants:
a.Antiepileptics: Screening methods; classification of epilepsies; symptoms; drugs used;

classification; structural feactuers common to drugs; SAR; mechanism of action; toxicity and
uses; synthesis of Diphenylhydantion, Carbamazepine, Sodium Valproate.
b. CNS stimulants: an account of the drugs with CNS stimulant activity; structures and uses.
Unit V: 12Hours
Rational Design of Enzyme Inhibitors
Enzyme kinetics & Principles of Enzyme inhibitors, Enzyme inhibitors in medicine, Enzyme
inhibitors in basic research, rational design of non-covalently and covalently binding enzyme
inhibitors.
183
Books Recommended:
1. Wilson and Gisvold’s text book of pharmaceutical organic medicinal chemistry.
2. Foye’s principles of medicinal chemistry.
3. Burger’s text book of medicinal chemistry
4. Organic chemistry of synthetic drugs – Lednicer.
5. Screening methods in pharmacology – Robert A. Turner.
6. Drug Evaluation – Vogel.
7. Evaluation of Drug Activities – Lawrence and Bachrach.
8. Methods in Pharmacology – Swarbrick.
9. Medicinal Chemistry-Surendranath Pandeya,Volume I and Volume II
10. Medicinal Chemistry-Ashutosh kar, New Age International Publications
11. Pharmacopoeias
184
ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – I (MPC205P)
Some of the following experiments to be taught.

1. Basic Techniques:
a) Calibration of thermometer and finding melting point, mixed melting point and boiling point.
b) Purification and drying of organic solvents
c) Crystallization
d) Distillation, Fractional Distillation, Distillation under reduced pressure
2. Separation and identification of organic compounds from binary mixtures:

Solid-solid, solid-liquid and liquid-liquid – atleast one mixture of each category to be done.
3. Synthesis of some of the following heterocyclic compounds:
a) Quinoline b) benzimidazole/derivative c) flavone/chromone d) indole/derivative e)

phenothiazine f) oxazole/oxazolone g) benzoxazole h) 3,5 dimethylisoxazole
4. Some of the following reactions:
1. Beckmann rearrangement 2) Fries rearrangement 3) Acetylation, methylation 4) Metal/acid

reductions 5) Oppenauer oxidation 6) Friedel-Craafts alkylation & Acylation 7) Nitration using
different reagents
Books Recommended:
Practical Organic Chemistry – Vogel.
ADVNCED MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (MPC206P)
1. Synthesis, purification and identification of some of the following drugs;

a) Dapsone
b) Benzocaine
c) Hydralazine
d) Imipramine
e) Sufadiazine
2. Synthesis using microwave oven: one experiment to be conducted

3. Screening for the following activities:
a) Analgesic activity
b) Anti inflammatory activity
c) Acute toxicity studies
d) Antibacterial and antifungal activity
e) Free radical scavenging and anti-oxidant activities
185
4. Spectral analysis
Spectra to be recorded for some compounds and analyzed.
Analysis of pre-recorded spectra
2. Impurity profiling for one or two sa
Books Recommended:
1.Practical Organic Chemistry – Vogel.

2.Organic chemistry of synthetic drugs – Lednicer.
186
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
.MODERN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES (MPA 101T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope: The appreciable knowledge will be gained by the students in the Modern Analytical
Techniques and can apply the theories in the Analysis of various bulk drugs and their
formulations. The students will also be in a position to apply their knowledge in developing the
new methods for the determination and validate the procedures.
Objectives: The course is designed to impart the knowledge in different analytical techniques
like UV-Visible, IR, GC, HPLC etc so that it can be used in the analysis of bulk drugs and
formulations.
UNIT I 12Hours
Introduction to chromatography and classification of chromatographic methods based on the
mechanism of separation
A. Column Chromatography: Adsortion and partition, materials used for separation, solvent
system, procedure and method of detection. Theory, principles involved in separation, apparatus,
column materials, number of theoretical plates, elution, method of detection. Modifications like
VLC, Flash, MPLC, their advantage over open column CC.
B. Paper Chromatography: Theory, different techniques employed, filter papers used,
qualitative and quantitative detection
UNIT II 12Hours
A. Thin Layer Chromatography: Theory, principles of separation, apparatus, coating
materials, spotting, solvent systems, detection, Uses of TLC: Finding the number of compounds;
the class of compounds; Testing for purity/ detection of impurities; identifying compounds-Co-
TLC, Mixed TLC; isolating compounds in a pure form-preparative TLC; Two dimensional TLC.
B. HPTLC: Theory and principle, instrumentation, elution techniques and pharmaceutical

applications
C. A comparative study; how is HPTLC is different from TLC, apparatus; Coating materials-
particle size; detection; uses.
UNIT II 12Hours
a. Gas Chromatography: Introduction, fundamentals, instrumentation, columns: preparation
and operation, detection; derivatization.
187
b. HPLC and UPLC: Principles and instrumentation, solvents and columns used, Operational
modes, detection and applications.
UNIT III 12Hours

A. Electrophoresis: Principle, Instrumentation, Working conditions, factors affecting separation and
applications of the following:a) Paper electrophoresis b) Gel electrophoresis c) Capillary
electrophoresis d) Zone electrophores e) Moving boundary electrophoresis f) Iso electric focusing
B.X ray Crystallography: Production of X rays, Different X ray methods, Bragg‘s law, Rotating
crystal technique, X ray powder technique, Types of crystals and applications of X-ray diffraction.
UNIT IV 12Hours
A.UV-Visible spectroscopy: Introduction, Theory, Laws, Instrumentation associated with UV-
Visible spectroscopy, Choice of solvents and solvent effect; Quantitative estimation of
Riboflavin, Paracetamol, Diclofenac, Metronidazole,Aspirin..
B.IR spectroscopy: Theory, Modes of Molecular vibrations, Sample handling, Instrumentation
of Dispersive and Fourier – Transform IR Spectrometer, Factors affecting vibrational
frequencies, Quantitative estimation of APIs using IR spectroscopy.
UNIT V 12Hours
A. Spectro flourimetry: Theory of Fluorescence, Factors affecting fluorescence, Quenchers,
B. Flame emission spectroscopy and Atomic absorption spectroscopy: Principle,
Instrumentation, Interferences and Applications.
REFERENCES

Wiley & Sons, 2004.
7. Pharmaceutical Analysis - Modern Methods – Part B - J W Munson, Vol 11, Marcel. Dekker
Series
8. Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, 2nd edn., P.S/Kalsi, Wiley estern Ltd., Delhi.
9. Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis, KA.Connors, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1982.
188
ADVANCED PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-I (MPA 102T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope: The principles and procedures for the determination of various pharmaceutical bulk drugs
and their formulations belonging to different categories are discussed in detail. The applications
of the important reagents like MBTH, FC, PDAB, 2, 3, 5 - triPhenyltetrazolium salt , . 2,6 di -
ChloroquinoneChlorimide ,N - (1-naphthyl) ethylenediaminedihydrochloride (B.M. Reagent),
Carr price reagent etc. in the determination of the pharmaceuticals are also discussed.
Objective: The quantitative determination of various organic compounds is clearly understood.

The spectral analysis, dissolution parameters and microbial assays are also learned.
UNIT I 12Hours
a.Impurity and stability studies:
Definition, classification of impurities in drug Substance or Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients and
quantification of impurities as per ICH guidelines
b.Impurities in new drug products:

Rationale for the reporting and control of degradation products, reporting degradation products content of
batches, listing of degradation products in specifications, qualification of degradation products
c. Impurities in residual solvents:
General principles, classification of residual solvents, Analytical procedures, limits of residual solvents,
reporting levels of residual solvents
UNIT II 12Hours
A. and procedures involved in the determination of the official compounds in IP with the
following analytical techniques
A. Non-aqueous
B. Oxidation-reduction
C. Complexometric
D. Diazotization methods
E. Neutralization
F. Acid – Base
B.A detailed study of the principles and procedures involved in the quantitative determination of
the following organic functional groups
A. Amines
B. Esters
C. Carbonyl compounds
D. Hydroxy and carboxyl
E. Amino Acids
189
UNIT III 12Hours
a. Reference Standards: Types, preparation methods and uses.

b. Principles and procedures involved in using the following reagents in the determination of
pharmaceutical dosage forms official in IP
a. MBTH (3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone)
b. F.C. Reagent (Folin-Ciocalteu)
c. PDAB (para-Dimethyl Amino Benzaldehyde)
d. 2, 3, 5 - triPhenyltetrazolium salt
e. 2,6 di -ChloroquinoneChlorimide
f. N - (1-naphthyl) ethylenediaminedihydrochloride (B.M. Reagent)
g. Carr – Price Reagent
h. 2,4 – DNP
UNIT – IV 12Hours
Elemental impurities: Element classification, control of elemental impurities, Potential

Sources of elemental Impurities, Identification of Potential Elemental Impurities, analytical
procedures, instrumentation & C, H, N and S analysis.
UNIT-V 12Hours
a. Biological tests and assays of the following:
a. Adsorbed Tetanus vaccine
b. Adsorbed Diphtheria vaccine
c. Human anti haemophilic vaccine
d. Rabies vaccine
e. Tetanus Anti toxin
f. Tetanus Anti serum
g. Oxytocin
h.Heparin sodium IP
i. Antivenom.
b. PCR, PCR studies for gene regulation, instrumentation (Principle and Procedures)
c. Microbiological assays and Biological tests: Antimicrobial effectiveness testing, microbial

limit tests, sterility test. Antibiotics-microbial assays, bacterial endotoxins test.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Pharmaceutical Chemistry by Becket and Stanlake

2. Pharmaceutical Analysis by Higuchi, Bechmman and Hassan
3. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis By B.K. Sharma
4. A Text Book of Pharmaceutical Analysis by Kennenth A. Conners
5. Organic spectroscopy by Y.R Sharma Principles of Instrumental Analysis - Doglas A Skoog,
F. James Holler, Timothy A. Nieman, 5th edition, Eastern press, Bangalore, 1998.
190
REFERENCES:
1. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences by Alfonso and Gennaro
2. Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations by P.D. Sethi
3. Indian Pharmacopoeia 2010
4. Journals (Indian Drugs, IJPS etc.)
191
PHARMACEUTICAL VALIDATION (MPA 103T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope: The main purpose of the subject is to understand about validation and how it can be
applied to industry and thus to improve the quality of the products. The subject covers the
complete information about validation, types, methodology and application.
Objective: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to

Explain the aspect of validation
Carryout validation of manufacturing processes
Apply the knowledge of validation to instruments and equipments
UNIT I 12Hours
Introduction: Definition of Qualification and Validation, Advantage of Validation,

Streamlining of Qualification & Validation process and Validation Master Plan.
Validation of Manufacturing Equipment, Qualification of Analytical Instruments and
Laboratory equipments.
UNIT II 12Hours
Validation of analytical instruments: Electronic balance, pH meter, UV-Visible

spectrophotometer, FTIR, GC, HPLC, HPTLC.
Validation of Glassware: Volumetric flask, pipette, Measuring cylinder, beakers and burette.
UNIT III 12Hours
Validation of Utility systems: Pharmaceutical water system & pure steam, HVAC system,
Compressed air and nitrogen.
Cleaning Validation: Cleaning Validation - Cleaning Method development, Validation and

validation of analytical method used in cleaning. Cleaning of Equipment. Cleaning of Facilities.
Cleaning in place (CIP).
UNIT IV 12Hours
Analytical method validation: General principles, Validation of analytical method as per ICH
guidelines and USP. Validate the manufacturing facilities
UNIT V 12Hours
a. General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Property (IP),

Intellectual Property Protection (IPP), Intellectual Property Rights (IPR); Economic importance,
mechanism for protection of Intellectual Property –patents, Copyright, Trademark; Factors
192
affecting choice of IP protection; Penalties for violation; Role of IP in pharmaceutica industry;
Global ramification and financial implications.
b. Patent: Filing a patent applications; patent application forms and guidelines. Types patent
applications-provisional and non-provisional, PCT and convention patent applications;
International patenting requirement procedures and costs; Rights and responsibilities of a
patentee; Practical aspects regarding maintaining of a Patent file; Patent infringement meaning
and scope.
c. Significance of transfer technology (TOT), IP and ethics-positive and negative aspects of

IPP; Societal responsibility, avoiding unethical practices.
REFERENCES:
1. T. Loftus & R. A. Nash, "Pharmaceutical Process Validation", Drugs and Pharm Sci. Series,
Vol. 129, 3rd Ed., Marcel Dekker Inc., N.Y.
2. The Theory & Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 3rd edition, Leon Lachman, Herbert A.
Lieberman, Joseph. L. Karig, Varghese Publishing House, Bombay.
3. Validation Master plan by Terveeks or Deeks, Davis Harwood International publishing.
4. Validation of Aseptic Pharmaceutical Processes, 2nd Edition, by Carleton & Agalloco,
(Marcel Dekker).
5. Pharmaceutical Facilities: Design, Layouts and Validation, Potdar,Pharmamed Press
6. Michael Levin, Pharmaceutical Process Scale-Up‖, Drugs and Pharm. Sci. Series, Vol. 157,
2nd Ed., Marcel Dekker Inc., N.Y.
7. Validation Standard Operating Procedures: A Step by Step Guide for Achieving Compliance
in the Pharmaceutical, Medical Device, and Biotech Industries, Syed Imtiaz Haider
8. Pharmaceutical Equipment Validation: The Ultimate Qualification Handbook, Phillip A.
Cloud, Interpharm Press
9. Validation of Pharmaceutical Processes: Sterile Products, Frederick J.Carlton (Ed.) and James
Agalloco (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, 2nd Ed.
10. Analytical Method validation and Instrument Performance Verification by Churg Chan,
Heiman Lam
193
FOOD ANALYSIS (MPA 104T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope: This course is designed to impart knowledge on analysis of food constituents and
finished food products. The course includes application of instrumental analysis in the
determination of pesticides in variety of food products.
Objective At completion of this course student shall be able to understand various analytical
techniques in the determination of
 Food constituents
 Food additives
 Finished food products
 Pesticides in food
 Pharmaceuticals (API & Dosage forms)
 And also student shall have the knowledge on food regulations and legislations
UNIT I 12Hours
a. Carbohydrates: Classification and properties of food carbohydrates, General methods of
analysis of food carbohydrates.
b. Proteins: Chemistry and classification of amino acids and proteins, Physico-Chemical

properties of protein and their structure, general methods of analysis of proteins and amino
acids
UNIT II 12Hours
Probiotics: Definition, history, importance, mode of action, identification advantages and
disadvantages of probiotics. Applications of Probiotics
UNIT III 12Hours

Lipids: Classification, general methods of analysis, refining of fats and oils; hydrogenation of
vegetable oils, Determination of adulteration in fats and oils.
UNIT IV 12Hours
Vitamins: Classification of vitamins, methods of analysis of vitamins, Principles of microbial
assay of vitamins of B-series
UNIT V 12Hours
a. General Analytical methods for milk, milk constituents and milk products like ice cream,
milk powder, butter, margarine, cheese including adulterants and contaminants of milk.
b. Analysis of fermentation products like wine, spirits, beer and vinegar.
194
TEXT BOOKS:
1. The chemical analysis of foods – David Pearson, Seventh edition, Churchill Livingstone,
Edinburgh London, 1976
2. Introduction to the Chemical analysis of foods – S. Nielsen, Jones & Bartlett publishers,
Boston London, 1994.
3. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International, sixth edition, Volume I & II, 1997.
4. Analysis of Food constituents – Multon, Wiley VCH.
5. Dr. William Horwitz, Official methods of analysis of AOAC International
6. 18th edition, 2005.Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy by Lieberman and Lachman
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences by Alfonso and Gennaro
2. David Pearson. The Chemical Analysis of Foods, 7 th ed., Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh,
1976.
3. Nielsen S. Introduction to the chemical analysis of foods. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Boston,
1974
4. Indian Pharmacopoeia 2012
195
MODERN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES LAB (MPA 105P)
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Calibration of glasswares
2. Calibration of pH meter
3. Calibration of UV-Visible spectrophotometer
4. Calibration of HPLC instrument
5. Assay of Ibuprofen
6. Assay of Paracetamol
7. Determine the λ max of KMnO 4
8. Assay of metronidazole by using U.V spectroscopy
9. Assay of paracetamol by using U.V spectroscopy
10. Assay of aspirin by using U.V
11. Simultaneous estimation of paracetamol and caffeine
12. Colorimetric estimation of metronidazole by PDAB
13. Identification of Amino acids by Thin Layer Chromatography
14. Identification of Alkaloids by Thin Layer Chromatography
15. Identification of Amino acids by Papar Chromatography
16. Calibration curve of riboflavin by U.V
17. Assay of nimesulide by U.V
18. Assay of caffeine by HPLC
19. Assay of nimesulide by HPLC
20. Assay of aceclofenac by U.V
21. Simultaneous estimation of paracetamol and ibuprofen
22. Calibration of ondansetron
23. Determination of viscosity of different polymeric solutions
24. Effect Of Concentration On Viscosity
196
ADVANCED PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-I LAB (MPA 106P)
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Assay of Diclofenac sodium by using U.V spectrophotometer

2. Spectrophotometric determination of nimesulide by colorimetry
3. Assay of ascorbic acid
4. Colorimetric estimation of metronidazole by vanilline
5. Colorimetric estimation of metronidazole by PDAB
6. Estimation of creatinine in urine by alkaline pictrate (jaffe’s method)
7. Assay of aceclofenac by FC reagent
8. Assay of Atropine sulphate
9. Assay of ammonium chloride
10. Assay of magnesium carbonate
11. Assay of Mohr’s salt
12. Determination of quinine sulphate by fluorimetry
13. Determination of amount of amine salts by titration in aqueous solutions
14. Assay of ascorbic acid
15. Asaay of riboflavin
16. Determination of sulphates by nephlometry
17. Potentiometric titration of strong acid and strong base
18. Potentiometric titration of weak acid and strong base
19. Conductometric titration of strong acid and strong base
20. Spectrophotometric determination of nimesulide by colorimetry
197
SEMESTER-II
ADVANCED INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS (MPA 201T)
THEORY 60 Hours
Scope: This subject deals with various hyphenated analytical instrumental techniques for
identification, characterization and quantification of drugs. Instruments dealt are , X-ray
crystallography, super critical chromatography and hyphenated techniques.
Objective: By the completion of topics the students will come out with the thorough knowledge
of various spectral aspects of X-Ray, IR, SEM, ORD etc which help them in further projects
works and also industrial opportunities.
Unit I: 10 Hours
a. UV Spectroscopy: Woodward-Fieser rules; Applications of UV-Visible spectroscopy in
structural elucidation; Study of keto-enol tautomerism; Solving problems. (3-4 Hours)
b. IR spectroscopy: Theory and instrumentation in brief. Molecular vibrations; Factors
influencing vibrational frequencies; Sampling techniques; Finger print region; Study of Keto-
enol tautomerism; intra & inter-molecular hydrogen bonding; Studying progress in Chemical
reactions; geometric and rational isomerism; Conformational analysis; spectral features of
Classes of compounds indicated above. Solving problems. (6-7 Hours)
Unit II: Mass spectrometry: 12 Hours

Theory and instrumentation. Ionization techniques-EI, CI, ESI, FAB, MALDI etc. High
resolution MS; Molecular ions; important features of molecular ion peak; Determination of
molecular formula; Mc Lafferty rearrangement; Metastable ions or peaks; Isotope peaks, The
nitrogen rule; general fragmentation modes; Fragmentation in the classes of compounds
indicated above. Problems and their solution.
Unit III: 1H NMR 10 Hours

Theory and instrumentation in brief. Solvents; Number of signals chemical equivalence,
stereochemical equivalence in predicting the number of signals. intensity of signals; Chemical
shift; factors influencing chemical shift; Spin-Spin Coupling; Coupling Constants;long- range
coupling; Shielding and deshielding; Magnetic anisotropy; Protons on oxygen and nitrogen;
Proton exchange; NMR spectra of the classes of compounds indicated above. Problems and their
solution.
UNIT IV 12 Hours
a. Biochromatography: Size exclusion chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, ion

pair chromatography, affinity chromatography general principles, stationary phases and mobile
phases.
198
b. Super critical fluid chromatography: Principles, instrumentation, pharmaceutical
applications.
c. Scanning electron microscope (SEM): Principles, Instrumentation and applications. Optical

Rotatory Dispersion (ORD), Circular Dichroism, Cotton effect, Octane rule and applications.
UNIT V 12 Hours
a. DSC: Principle, thermal transitions, instrumentation (Heat flux and power- compensation
designs), Modulated DSC, Hyper DSC, experimental parameters (sample preparation,
experimental conditions, calibration, heating and cooling rates, resolution, Sources of errors) and
their influence, advantages and disadvantages, pharmaceutical applications.
b. DTA: Principle, instrumentation, advantage and disadvantage, pharmaceutical application,

derivative differential thermal analysis (DDTA).
c. TGA: Principle, instrumentation, factors affecting results, advantages and disadvantages,

pharmaceutical application.
REFERENCES:
1. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis by B.K Sharma

2. A Text book of Pharmaceutical Analysis by Kerrenth A. Connors
3. Vogel’s Text book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis by A.I. Vogel
4. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry by A.H. Beckett and J.B. Stenlake
5. Organic Chemistry by I. L. Finar
6. Quantitative Analysis of Drugs by D. C. Garrett
7. Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations by P. D. Sethi
199
MODERN BIO-ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES (MPA 202T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope: This subject is designed to provide detailed knowledge about the importance of analysis
of drugs in biological matrices.
Objective: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to understand
Extraction of drugs from biological samples
Separation of drugs from biological samples using different techniques
Guidelines for BA/BE studies
UNIT I 12 Hours
Extraction of drugs and metabolites from biological matrices: General need, principle and
procedure involved in the Bioanalytical methods such as Protein precipitation, Liquid -Liquid
extraction and Solid phase extraction and other novel sample preparation approach.
UNIT II 12 Hours
Biopharmaceutical Consideration: Introduction, Biopharmaceutical Factors Affecting Drug

Bioavailability, In Vitro: Dissolution and Drug Release Testing, Alternative Methods of
Dissolution Testing Transport models, Biopharmaceutics Classification System. Solubility:
Experimental methods. Permeability: In-vitro, in-situ and In-vivo methods.
UNIT III 12 Hours
Bioanalysis and bioanalytical method validation:

a. Types of body fluids, requirement of analysis, matrix effects, non-biological analytical
samples.
b. Bioanalytical method validation: USFDA and EMEA guidelines. Acceptance criteria in
comparison to non-biological samples.
UNIT IV 12 Hours
Cell culture techniques
a. Basic equipments used in cell culture lab. Cell culture media, various types of cell culture,
general procedure for cell cultures;isolation of cells, subculture, cryopreservation,
characterization of cells and their applications.
b.Principles and applications of cell viability assays (MTT assays)
c. Principles and applications of flow cytometry.
200
UNIT V 12 Hours
Drug Product Performance, In Vivo: Bioavailability and Bioequivalence:
Drug Product Performance, Purpose of Bioavailability Studies,Relative and Absolute
Availability. Methods for Assessing Bioavailability, Bioequivalence Studies, Design and
Evaluation of Bioequivalence Studies, Study Designs, Crossover Study Designs, Generic
Biologics (Biosimilar Drug Products), Clinical Significance of Bioequivalence Studies.
REFERENCES:
1. Analysis of drugs in Biological fluids - Joseph Chamberlain, 2nd Edition.CRC Press, New
York. 1995.
3. Pharmaceutical Analysis - Higuchi, Brochmman and Hassen, 2nd Edition, Wiley –
Interscience Publications, 1961.
Dekker Series
5. Practical HPLC method Development – Snyder, Kirkland, Glaich, 2nd Edition, John Wiley &
Sons, New Jercy. USA.
6. Chromatographic Analysis of Pharmaceuticals – John A Adamovics, 2nd Edition, Marcel
Dekker, New York, USA. 1997.
7. Chromatographic methods in clinical chemistry & Toxicology – Roger L Bertholf, Ruth E
Winecker, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA. 2007.
8. Good Laboratory Practice Regulations, 2nd Edition, Sandy Weinberg Vol.69, Marcel Dekker
Series, 1995.
9. Good laboratory Practice Regulations – Allen F. Hirsch, Volume 38, Marcel Dekker Series,
1989.
10. ICH, USFDA & CDSCO Guidelines
201
QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE (MPA 203T)
THEORY 60 Hrs
Scope: This course deals with the various aspects of quality control and quality assurance aspects
of pharmaceutical industries. It covers the important aspects like cGMP, QC tests, ocumentation,
quality certifications, GLP and regulatory affairs.
Objective : The study of this subject builds the confidence in the minds on the students to
develop and formulate high quality pharmaceutical products.
Unit I 12 Hours
Concept of quality assurance, total quality management, philosophy of GMP, cGMP and GLP,
organization and functioning of accreditation bodies: ISO 9000, ISO 14000, NBL and OSHA
18000
Unit II 12 Hours
a. Organization and personal, responsibilities, training hygiene
b. Premises: Location, design, plan layout, construction, maintenance and sanitations,
environmental control, sterile area, control of contamination
c. Equipments: selection, purchase, specifications, maintenance, clean in place, sterilized in
place - Raw – materials; purchase specifications, maintenance of stores, selection of vendors,
controls and raw materials
Unit III 12 Hours

Manufacture and controls on dosage forms
a. Manufacturing documents, master formula records, batch formula records, standard operating
procedures, Quality audits of manufacturing processes and facilities
b. In process quality control on various dosage forms sterile, biological products and non-sterile,
standard operating procedures for various operations like cleaning, filling, drying, compression,
coating, disinfection, sterilization, membrane filtration etc.
c. Guideline for Quality Assurance of Human Blood Products and large volume parenterals.
Unit-IV 12 Hours
a. Packaging and labeling controls, line clearance and other packaging materials.
b. Quality Control Laboratory: Responsibilities, good laboratory practices, routine controls,
instruments, protocols, non-clinical testing, controls on animal house, data generation and
storage, quality control documents, retention samples, records, audits of quality control facilities
– finished products release: quality review, quality audits and batch release document.
Unit V 12 Hours
a. Distribution and Distribution records: Handling of returned goods recovered materials and
reprocessing.
b. Complaints and recalls, evaluation of complaints recall procedures, related records and
documents.
202
TEXT BOOKS:
1. The International Pharmacopoeia Vol 1,2,3,4, 3rd edition: General methods of analysis quality
specifications for Pharmaceutical substances, Excipients, dosage forms.
2. Quality Assurance of Pharmaceuticals. A compendium of guidelines and related material
Vol.1 and Vol.2, WHO (1999) 3. GMP- Mehra
4. Pharmaceutical Process Validation – Berry and Nash
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Basic tests for Pharmaceutical substances – WHO (1988)

2. Basic tests for Pharmaceutical substances – WHO (1991)
3. How to practice GMP’s – P.P.Sharma
4. The Drugs and Cosmetic Act 1940 – Vijay Malik
5. Q.A. Manual - D.H. Shah
6. SOP Guide lines - D.H. Shah
7. Quality Assurance Guide – OPP
203
ADVANCED PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS - II (MPA 204T)
Scope: The principles and procedures for the determination of various pharmaceutical bulk drugs
and their formulations belonging to different categories are discussed in detail. The applications
of the important reagents like GLC, GC-MS, HPLC, HPTLC, UV/Vis, LC-MS, MS-MS etc. in the
determination of the pharmaceuticals are also discussed.
Objective: The qualitative and quantitative determination of various organic compounds is

clearly understood. The chromatographic techniques, elemental analysis, evaluation of cosmetic
products are also learned.
Unit I 12 Hours
a. Elemental analysis such as determination of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorous, sulphur,

chlorine, bromine and Iodine,
B. Optical rotator dispersion technique for the analysis of chiral compounds
Unit II 12 Hours
An advanced study of the principles and procedures involved in the instrumental methods and
applications of Flame Photometry, Fluorimetry, Nephelo - Turbidimetry and Refractrometry, Study
of general principles and methods for the determination of Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats, Crude fibre,
Moisture and Nitrogen
Unit III 12 Hours
a.Adulteration and Deterioration: Introduction, types of adulteration/substitution of herbal drugs,
Causes and Measure of adulteration, Sampling Procedures, Determination of Foreign Matter, DNA
Finger printing techniques in identification of drugs of natural origin, heavy metals, pesticide
residues, phototoxin and microbial contamination in herbal formulations
b. Testing of natural products and drugs: Effect of herbal medicine on clinical laboratory testing,
Adulterant Screening using modern analytical instruments, Regulation and dispensing of herbal
drugs, Stability testing of natural products, protocol.
Unit IV 12 Hours
a. Evaluation of cosmetic products: Determination of acid value,ester value, saponification value,
iodine value, peroxide value, rancidity, moisture, ash, volatile matter, heavy metals, fineness of
powder, density, viscosity of cosmetic raw materials and finished products. Study of quality of raw
materials and general methods of analysis of raw material used in cosmetic manufacture as per
BIS.
b. Standard specification laid down for sampling and testing of various cosmetics in finished forms
such as baby care products, skin care products, dental products, personal hygiene preparations, lips
sticks. Hair products and skin creams by the Bureau Indian Standards.
Unit V 12 Hours
a.Identification and quantitative determination of preservatives, Antioxidants, Colouring materials,
Emulsifiers and Stabilizers in Pharmaceutical formulation
b.Methodology involved
Moisture content determination in dosage forms
Alcohol determination
Essential oil determination
Surfactant analysis
204
REFERENCES:
1. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences – Alfonso and Gennaro
2. Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Becket and Stanlake
3. Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations – P.D. Sethi
4. Pharmaceutical Analysis – Higuchi, Bechmman and Hassan
5. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy – Liebermann and Lachmann
6. Indian Pharmacopoeia – 1996
7. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis – B.K. Sharma
8. A Text Book of Pharmaceutical – Kenneth A. Conners
9. P. Pharmaceutical Analysis – II. The experiments should be conducted based on theory
205
ADVANCED INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS (MPA 205P)
1. Preparation and In-process quality control test for immediate released tablets
2. System suitability parameters for shimadzu gradient HPLC
3. Analytical method development for given drug by using shimadzu gradient HPLC
4. 4.Determination of linearity and range by using shimadzu gradient HPLC
5. Determination of accuracy and precision by using shimadzu gradient HPLC
6. Determination of specificity by using shimadzu gradient HPLC
7. Determination of robustness by using shimadzu gradient HPLC
8. Determination of ruggedness by using shimadzu gradient HPLC
9. Determination of Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantitation by using shimadzu
gradient HPLC
10. Analytical method development for IBUPROFEN by using U.V spectroscopy
11. Determination of linearity and range by using U.V spectroscopy
12. Determination of accuracy and precision by using U.V spectroscopy
13. Determination of specificity by using U.V spectroscopy
14. Determination of robustness by using U.V spectroscopy
15. Determination of ruggedness by using U.V spectroscopy
16. Determination of Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantitation by using U.V
spectroscopy
17. Assay of ibuprofen by using U.V spectroscopy
18. Standard addition method in support of determination of accuracy of the method by using
U.V spectroscopy
19. . Stability testing of drug substances as per ICH
20. Short term stability studies at different p H
21. p H dependent saturation solubility testing of given API
22. Determination of drug release kinetics of given CR tablets by dissolution testing method
23. Optimization of solvent system for immiscible liquids byternary phase diagram
206
ADVANCED PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-II PRACTICALS (MPA 206P)
1. Determination of Acid value
2. Determination of Fatty acid
3. Determination of Saponification value
4. Determination of Ester value
5. Determination of Peroxide value
6. Determination of Acetyl value
7. Determination of Iodine value
8. Determination of Hydroxyl value
9. Determination of the percentage of sodium chloride by Mohr’s method
10. Determination of the percentage of sodium chloride by Volhard’s method
11. Estimation of Sulphate ions by Nephelometry
12. Determination of Linearity and Range of an analytical method tp determine the content
of sulphate ions by Nephelometry
13. Determination of Accuracy and Precision of an analytical method tp determine the
content of sulphate ions by Nephelometry
14. Determination of LOD and LOQ of an analytical method tp determine the content of
sulphate ions by Nephelometry
15. Determination of amount of amines present in HydroxtlaminHC
16. Estimation of Sodium ions by Flame photometry
17. Determination of unknown concentration of Quinine sulphatFluorometry
18. Determination of Quenching effect of Quinine sulphate by potassium iodide solution in
Fluorometry
19. Estimation of unknown concentration of Glycerin by Abbe’ Refractometry
20. Estimation of unknown concentration of Tartaric acid by Polarimetry
21. Assay of Diclofenac sodium and Paracetamol by SEM by using U.V spectrophotometer
22. Assay of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol by SEM by using U.V spectrophotometer
23. Assay of Diclofenac sodium by using U.V spectrophotometer 96
207
Semester III
MRM 301T - Research Methodology & Biostatistics
(Common to all specializations)
UNIT – I
General Research Methodology: Research, objective, requirements, practical difficulties, review
of literature, study design, types of studies, strategies to eliminate errors/bias, controls,
randomization, crossover design, placebo, blinding techniques. 10 Hrs
UNIT – II
Biostatistics: Definition, application, sample size, importance of sample size, factors influencing
sample size, dropouts, statistical tests of significance, type of significance tests, parametric
tests(students “t” test, ANOVA, Correlation coefficient, regression), non-parametric tests
(wilcoxan rank tests, analysis of variance, correlation, chi square test), null hypothesis, P values,
degree of freedom, interpretation of P values. 10 Hrs
UNIT – III
Medical Research: History, values in medical ethics, autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence,
double effect, conflicts between autonomy and beneficence/non-maleficence, euthanasia,
informed consent, confidentiality, criticisms of orthodox medical ethics, importance of
communication, control resolution, guidelines, ethics committees, cultural concerns, truth telling,
online business practices, conflicts of interest, referral, vendor relationships, treatment of family
members, sexual relationships, fatality. 10 hrs
UNIT – IV
CPCSEA guidelines for laboratory animal facility: Goals, veterinary care, quarantine,
surveillance, diagnosis, treatment and control of disease, personal hygiene, location of animal
facilities to laboratories, anesthesia, euthanasia, physical facilities, environment, animal
husbandry, record keeping, SOPs, personnel and training, transport of lab animals. 10 hrs
UNIT – V
Declaration of Helsinki: History, introduction, basic principles for all medical research, and
additional principles for medical research combined with medical care. 10 hrs
Reference Books
1. Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller : Marketing Management , Prentice Hall of India ,
NewDelhi.
2.Arun Kumar , Meenakshi : Marketing Management ,Vikas Publishing, india
208

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Table of Contents

S.No. Content Page.No.

1. Short Title and Commencement

2. Minimum qualification for admission

A Pass in the following examinations

a) B. Pharm Degree examination of an Indian university established by law in

3. Duration of the program

4. Medium of instruction and examinations

Medium of instruction and examination shall be in English.

5. Working days in each semester

7. Program/Course credit structure

Theory and Laboratory courses

Minimum credit requirements

The specializations in M.Pharm program is given in Table 1.

Table – 1: List of M.Pharm. Specializations and their Code

S. No. Specialization Code

Course Course Credit Credit Hrs./w Marks

MPH206P Pharmaceutics-II Practical 6 3 6 100

Course Course Credit Credit Hrs./w k Marks

MIP101T Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical 4 4 4 100

MIP103T Novel drug delivery systems 4 4 4 100

MIP104T IPR and Regulatory Affairs 4 4 4 100

MIP105P Pharmaceutical Analytical Techniques 6 3 6 100

MIP201T Advanced Biopharmaceutics and 4 4 4 100

MIP203T Pharmaceutical Production Technology 4 4 4 100

MIP204T Entrepreneurship Management 4 4 4 100

MIP205P Advanced BioPharmaceutics and 6 3 6 100

Course Code Course Credit Credit Hrs./w Marks

MPC105P Chemistry of Natural Products Practical 6 3 6 100

MPC205P Advanced Organic Chemistry Practical 6 3 6 100

MPC206P Advanced Medicinal Chemistry-II 6 3 6 100

Course Course Credit Credit Hrs./wk Marks

MPA206P Advanced Pharmaceuti cal Analysis-II 6 3 6 100

Course Course Credit Credit Hrs./w Marks

MQA206P Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology 6 3 6 100

MRA Regulatory Affairs Practical II 6 3 6 100

MPP Pharmacy Practice Practical II 6 3 6 100

MPP Pharmacy Practice Practical IV 6 3 6 100

MPL Pharmacology Practical II 6 3 6 100

MPL Pharmacology Practical IV 6 3 6 100

Course Course Credit Credit Hrs./wk Marks

MPG106P Phytochemistry 6 3 6 100

MPG202T Indian System of Medicine 4 4 4 100

MPG206P Herbal Cosmetics 6 3 6 100

Course Code Course Credit Hours Credit Points

Course Course Credit Hours Credit Points

Table – 13: Semester wise credits distribution

2. The composition of the Programme Committee shall be as follows:

Internal Assessment End Semester

MPH Molecular Pharmaceuti 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 Hrs 100

Novel Drug Delivery Systems 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 100 drug delivery sy

Intellectual Property Rights and 25 1.30 Hr 25 75 3 100

Pharmaceutical Analytical 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4Hr 100

Industrial pharmacy-I 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100

- Seminar 100 - - - 3Hrs 100

- Seminar 100 - - 3Hrs 100

Advanced Organic 3Hrs

MPC105P Chemistry Of Natural Products 25 3 Hrs 25 75 4 Hrs 100

MPC106P Advanced Medicinal Chemistry-I 25 3hrs 25 75 4Hrs 100

- Seminar 100 3Hrs 100