ANDHRA UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

PROGRAM : M.SC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

REGULATION AND SYLLABUS
EFFECTIVE FROM 2020-2021 BATCH
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
DEPARTMENT OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY& FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)

PROGRAM OBJECTIVES:

1. To provide students in the scientific skills and chemical knowledge essential to develop
and apply the knowledge in chemical sciences related to analysis of food and drug
chemistry.
2. To provide knowledge, application, skills in water analysis
3. To equip students with effective scientific communication skills
4. To encourage the pursuit of lifelong education

5. To develop each student into a committed individual with ethical and social responsibility

PROGRAMME OUT COMES:

The Students Who Completes M.Sc Organic Chemistry Programs

PO1: Have strong foundations in the basic concepts of Organic Chemistry
PO2: Have good employment opportunities in pharmaceutical labs
PO3: Will get Jobs in various Chemical industries related to Pharma companies, polymer
companies, pollution control boards etc.
PO4: Have excellent opportunities to pursue research
PO5: Can build their careers as Entrepreneurs by establishing “Start ups”.
PO6: Have an opportunity to pursue career teaching in chemistry at various levels.

PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

The students who complete the M.Sc. Chemistry (Organic Chemistry Specialization) course
shall:
PSO1: Have strong foundation in the fundamentals and applications of chemical knowledge
and understanding
PSO2: Have the abilities to think critically, logically and analytically and solve problem in
the area of chemical sciences, drug chemistry, medicinal chemistry and water pollution
PSO3: Have the abilities to carry out chemical experiments, record and analyze the results
and design advanced models
PSO4: Have the abilities to use modern library and information retrieving tools to obtain
information and assimilate to generate concepts and apply them in challenging situations
PSO5: Have the abilities to effectively communicate their knowledge and skills to other
chemists and non-chemists in oral or written formats.
PSO6: Secure suitable employment in the areas of chemical industries like pharmaceutical
(R&D, QA & QC), polymers, , environmental and pollution control, nanotechnology and
composite materials, teaching and research, etc.
PSO7: Have the personal attributes and ethical sensibilities to enable them to function as
effective scientists and citizens

REGULATIONS
1. The duration of the course is for two academic years with total four semesters. The
nature of the course is full-time.
2. Candidates for the degree of Master of Science in Chemistry shall be required to have
passed the B.Sc with Chemistry / Applied Chemistry / Industrial Chemistry as one the
subject of this university or any other university recognized by the academic council
as equivalent thereto.
3. The course and scope of instruction shall be as defined in the syllabus prescribed.
(Annexure-III )
4. Candidate who takes instruction shall be required to take examinations at the end of
each semester as specified in Annexure-I.
5. Each candidate has to undergo an internship for a duration of four weeks during the
fourth semester in any chemical industry/ R&D / organization/ or at the department at
their own expense and have to submit project report.
6. A candidate shall be declared to have passed in any course if he /she secures not less
than "E'' grade in theory and not less than ''D'' grade in the practical /Project, provided
the result otherwise is withheld. There is no minimum pass marks for internal
assessment marks both theory as well as practical.
A candidate shall be deemed to have satisfied the minimum requirement for the award of the
degree of M.Sc. Chemistry.
i. If he / she is declared to have passed all the subjects included in the scheme of
instruction and examination and
ii. if he /she secures 5.0 CGPA in each of the semesters by the end of the fourth
semester.
Further, a candidate shall be permitted to choose any course(s) to appear for improvement
in case the candidate fails to secure the minimum prescribed SGPA/CGPA to enable the candidate to
pass at the end of any semester examinations. There shall not be any provision for the
improvement of internal assessment marks in any theory or practical subjects in any year /semester
of study. Grades and calculation of SGPA and CGPA are given in Annexure-II

7. The successful candidates in the M.Sc Chemistry degree examination shall be

arranged in the order in which they are registered for the examination in the following
classes on the basis of the CGPA. However, students who pass in any supplementary
examination shall not be awarded Distinction even if they obtain a CGPA of 8.0 or
above, they shall be considered as First Class only.
First Class with Distinction – CGPA 8.0 or more
First Class – CGPA 7.0 or more but less than 8.0
 Second Class/Pass – CGPA 5.0 or more but less than 7.0
8. The Question course setting and valuation shall be as per the University regulations
at the end of each semester.
9. The practical examinations shall be conducted and valued by both internal and
external examiners at the end of each semester.
10. The viva- voce examination for Project Work shall be conducted both internal and
external examiners at the end of the completion of project and after submission of the
Project Report by each of the candidates.

11. The Minimum attendance required by a candidate will be 75% of the total number for
the working days in that semester. Provided that in special cases and for sufficient
cause shown, the Vice-chancellor may, on the recommendation of the Principal and
the Head of the department concerned, condone the deficiency in the average
attendance to an extent of 9% for reasons such as ill health, if the application for
condonation is submitted at the time of actual illness and is supported a certificate of
an authorized medical officer approved by the Principal. However, 100% attendance
should be maintained for all practicals/ labs/ Internship>
12. Each of the student has to study two MOOC courses from NPTEL/SWAYAM etc.
one in the third semester and the other in the fourth semester of the programme and
the grade obtained should be submitted to the Department/ College/ University for
incorporation in the marks list along with the Grade/ Course Completion Certificate.
The Departmental Committee shall decide whether to accept or not the grade/score
obtained by the student. The student has to complete each of these courses during the
concerned semester period only.
13. Keeping in view of the objectives of NPE 2020 and the directives of the University,
two value added courses have been included each in 3rd and 4th semesters of the
course. Intellectual Property rights in 3rd semester and Research Methodology in the
4th semester under non-credit scheme. However, the students have to attend the
examination and pass the examination similar to that of other subjects of the course.
14. The University may, from time to time, revise, amend or change the regulations,
scheme of examination and syllabus. In the case of students already undergoing the
course, the changes will take effect from the beginning of the following academic
year after the change are introduced and shall cover the part of the course that remains
to be completed.
 M.SC. CHEMISTRY WITH SPECIALIZATION ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
SCHEME OF INSTRUCTION AND EXAMINATION FOR I-SEMESTER

Course
Instruction
type Internal External Total Duration of
Course code Course Title periods per Credits
(Theory/ Marks Marks Marks Examination
week
Practical)
SCS -117 General Chemistry-I Theory 04 20 80 100 3 hrs 04
SCS -118 Inorganic Theory 04 20 80 100 3 hrs 04
Chemistry-I
SCS -119 Organic Chemistry-I Theory 04 20 80 100 3 hrs 04
SCS -120 Physical Chemistry-I Theory 04 20 80 100 3 hrs 04

(PR-347) Inorganic Chemistry Practical 06 15 60 75 3 hrs 03

Laboratory-1
(PR-348) Physical Chemistry Practical 06 15 60 75 3 hrs 03
Laboratory-1
(PR-349) Organic Chemistry Practical 06 15 60 75 3 hrs 03
Laboratory-1
Total 34 625 25

M.SC. CHEMISTRY WITH SPECIALIZATION ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

SCHEME OF INSTRUCTION AND EXAMINATION FOR II-SEMESTER

Course
Instruction
type Internal External Total Duration of
Course code Course Title periods per Credits
(Theory/ Marks Marks Marks Examination
week
Practical)
SCS -215 General Chemistry-II Theory 04 20 80 100 3 hrs 04
SCS -216 Inorganic Chemistry-II Theory 04 20 80 100 3 hrs 04
SCS -217 Organic Chemistry-II Theory 04 20 80 100 3 hrs 04
SCS -218 Physical Chemistry-II Theory 04 20 80 100 3 hrs 04
(PR-350) Inorganic Chemistry Practical 06 15 60 75 3 hrs 03
Laboratory-1I
(PR-351) Physical Chemistry Practical 06 15 60 75 3 hrs 03
Laboratory-I1
(PR-352) Organic Chemistry Practical 06 15 60 75 3 hrs 03
Laboratory-1I
Total 34 625 25
 M.SC. CHEMISTRY WITH SPECIALIZATION ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
SCHEME OF INSTRUCTION AND EXAMINATION FOR III-SEMESTER

Instruction Duration of
Course External Internal Total
Course code Course Title Periods per External Credits
Type Marks Marks Marks
week Examination
SCOS-310 Paper-I: Organic Reaction
Mechanisms, Pericyclic Reactions Theory 4 80 20 100 3 hours 4
and Photochemistry
SCOS-311 Paper-II: Organic Spectroscopy Theory 4 80 20 100 3 hours 4
SCOS-312 Paper-III: Organic Synthesis Theory 4 80 20 100 3 hours 4
SCOS-313 Paper-IV: Chemistry of Natural
Theory 4 80 20 100 3 hours 4
Products
(PR-819) Practical - I: Multi Stage Organic
Lab 3 80 20 100 6 hours 4
Synthesis
(PR-A 1060) Practical - II: Chromatography &
Lab 3 80 20 100 6 hours 4
Viva-Voce
MOOCs Course - - - 2
Total: 600 26

M.SC. CHEMISTRY WITH SPECIALIZATION ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

SCHEME OF INSTRUCTION AND EXAMINATION FOR IV-SEMESTER

Instruction Duration of
Course External Internal Total
Course code Course Title Periods per External Credits
Type Marks Marks Marks
week Examination
SCOS -411 Paper-I: Modern Synthetic
Methodology in Organic Theory 4 80 20 100 3 hours 4
Chemistry
SCOS -412 Paper-II: Organic Spectroscopy
and Structure determination of Theory 4 80 20 100 3 hours 4
Natural Products
SCOS- 413 Paper-III: Designing Organic
Synthesis and Synthetic
Theory 4 80 20 100 3 hours 4
Applications of Organo-Boranes
and silanes
SCOS- 414 Paper-IV: Drug Design and
Theory 4 80 20 100 3 hours 4
Drug Chemistry
Project Work Lab - 100 - 100 - 4
(PR-820) Practical - I: Organic Mixture
Lab 3 80 20 100 6 hours 4
Analysis
(PR-A 1050) Practical - II: Estimations and
Lab 3 80 20 100 6 hours 4
Isolation
(VV-673) Viva-Voce - - - 50 - 2
MOOCs Course - - - 2
Total: 750 32
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-I
PAPER-I: GENERAL CHEMISTRY-I

Course Outcomes (COs)/Course Specific Outcomes (CSOs):

Upon completion of the course the students will be able to,
CO1: Learn and understand the selection rules and criteria for molecules to exhibit rotational and
IRspectroscopy.
CO2: Understand the Classical and quantum mechanical theories of Raman spectroscopy and basic
concepts of electronic spectroscopy.
CO3: Learn spectroscopic methods based on magnetic resonance principles.
CO4: Learn basics of group theory and its application in chemistry.
CO5: Understand the basic concepts of FORTRAN programming and its applications.

Learning Outcomes (LOs):

Upon completion of the course the student will be able
 To apply the spectroscopic methods for structure elucidation of molecules.
 To acquire knowledge of molecular symmetry and group theory and to solve chemical
problems.
 To write FORTRAN programs for simple chemical problems.

COURSE CONTENT
UNIT – I
Rotational spectra of diatomic molecules-rigid rotor-selection rules-calculation of bond
length-isotopic effect, second order stark effect and its applications, Infrared spectra of diatomic
molecules-harmonic and anharmonic oscillators. Selection rules-overtones-combination bands
calculation of force constant, anharmonicity constant and zero point energy. Fermi resonance,
simultaneous vibration rotation spectra of diatomic molecules.
UNIT-II
Raman effect-classical and quantum mechanical explanations-Rotational Raman and
vibrational Raman spectra, Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules-Vibrational coarse structure-
intensity of spectral lines-Franck Condon principle-applications, Rotational fine structure-band head
and band shading, Charge transfer spectra.

UNIT-III
Spin Resonance Spectroscopy: Principle and theory of NMR spectroscopy-Nature of spinning
particle and its interaction with magnetic field. Chemical shift and its origin. Spin-Spin interaction-
experimental methods. Application of NMR to structural elucidation-Structure of ethanol,
dimethylformamide, styrene and acetophenone. Principle and theory of ESR-g-factor, hyperfine
interactions-applications of ESR studies to the structure of free radicals, metal complexes.
UNIT-IV
Basic concepts of Symmetry and Group theory – Symmetry elements, symmetry operations
and point groups – Schoenflies symbols – Classification of molecules into point groups – Axioms of
Group theory – Group multiplication tables for C2V and C3V point groups – Similarity Transformation
and classes – Representations – reducible and irreducible representations, Mulliken symbols,
Orthogonality theorem and its implications, character table and its anatomy.

UNIT-V
Basic components of Computers, higher and lower level languages, Microsoft Fortran:
constants, variables and operators, arithmetic expressions, assignment and replacement statements,
Input and Output statements – Format free and Format directed I/O statements – Iw, Fw.d, Ew.d and
Gw.d format specifications, conditional and unconditional statements – Logical IF, Block IF and Go
To statements, Do statement – syntax and rules.
Application of Chemical Problems:
Flowcharts and Programs for
1. Statistical Analysis calculation of arithmetic mean, mean deviation, variance and standard
deviation of replicate measurements.
2. Solution of Quadratic equation – calculation of the roots of a quadratic equation.
3. Calculation of the pH and hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution of a strong acid
taking into account the auto ionization of water.
4. Calculation of the root of a polynomial using Gauss-Newton method – Application to
Vander-Waal’s equation.
5. Calculation of the rate constant of a first order reaction or calculation of molar extinction
coefficient using Beer-Lambert’s Law by Linear least-squares method.

Text Books:

1. Symmetry and Spectroscopy of Molecules, K Veera Reddy, New Age International

Publishers.
2. Physical Chemistry by Peter Atkins and Julio de Paula, Oxford University Press.
3. Chemical Applications of Group Theory, F. A. Cotton Wiley Eastern Limited New
Delhi.
4. Group Theory and its Applications to Chemistry, K. V. Raman, Tata McGraw – Hill
Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Computer programming in Fortran-IV by V .Rajaraman, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
6. Molecular Spectroscopy, - Gordon M. barrow
7. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy – Banwell.
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-I
PAPER-II: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I

Course Objectives: To make the students

CO1: Acquiretheknowledgeon applications of VSEPR, Valence Bond and Molecular orbital
theories in explaining thestructures of simple molecules and role of p and d orbitals in pi
bonding.
CO2: Understandthe concept of MO theory to square planar (PtCl42-) and Octahedral complexes
(CoF63-, Co(NH3)63+).And Walsh diagram for H2O molecule
CO3: Apply theknowledgeandunderstandingofUnderstand the Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano
diagrams for d1 –d9 octahedral and tetrahedral transition metal complexes of 3d series
tonewly prepared metal complexes
CO4: Develop interest in the areas of magnetic properties of transition and inner transition
metal complexes – spin and orbital moments – quenching of orbital momentum by
crystal fields in complexes.
CO5: To understand the concept of Term symbols and Electronic spectra and Magnetic
properties of complexes

LearningOutcomes:Attheendofthecourse,thelearnersshouldbeableto:
LO1: Explainidea of structure and bonding theories of inorganic compounds
LO2: InterpretWalsh diagram for other liner and bent molecules
LO3: Introduce electron counting rules for higher boranes
LO4: Analyse the preparation and structures of heteropoly acids
LO5: Understanding structure and bonding in coordination compounds
LO6: Explain selections rules, Tanabe-Sugano diagrams. Orgel diagrams
LO7: Experimentally Identify the covalency in metal complexes.
LO8: To calculate the magnetic susceptibility of metal complexes
LO9: Understand and analyse structure-property correlation of coordination compounds
LO10: Design new coordination compounds based on a fundamental understanding of their
electronic properties

COURSE CONTENT
UNIT-1

Structure & Bonding: Applications of VSEPR, Valence Bond and Molecular orbital theories in
explaining the structures of simple molecules- role of p and d orbitals in pπ-dπ bonding, Bent’s rule,
Non-valence cohesive forces

Application of MO theory to square planar (PtCl42-) and Octahedral complexes (CoF63-, Co(NH3)63+).
Walsh diagrams for linear (BeH2) and bent (H2O) molecules
UNIT-II

Inorganic cage and ring compounds – preparation, structure and reactions of boranes, carboranes,
metallocarboranes, boron–nitrogen (H3B3N3H3), phosphorus–nitrogen (N3P3Cl6) and sulphur-nitrogen
(S4N4, (SN)x) cyclic compounds. Structure and bonding in higher boranes with (special reference to
B12 icosahedra). Electron counting rules in boranes – Wades rules (Polyhedral skeletal electron pair
theory).

Polyacids: Introduction to polyacids- Types of polyacids- Isopolyacdis, Isopoly molybdates,

Isopolytungstates, Isopolyvanadates, Structures of Polyacids ]Mo₇O₂₄],⁶⁻(V10O28 )6- and W4O₁₆]⁸⁻,
Heteropolyacids- properties of heteropolyacids and salts, structures of heteropolyacids and theories ,
Mialalicopause and Roscnneium theories , Pauling’s theory and keggin’s theory, applications of
polyacids.

UNIT-III

Coordination compounds: Crystal field theory - crystal field splitting patterns in octahedral,
tetrahedral, tetragonal, square planar, square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal geometries.
Calculation of crystal field stabilization energies. Factors affecting crystal field splitting energies –
Spectrochemical series, Jahn – Teller theorem (static and dynamic Jahn-Teller theorem) and its
consequences, nephelauxetic effect, applications and limitations of CFT; ligand field theory

Experimental evidences for covalence in complexes. Molecular Orbital Theory of bonding for
Octahedral, tetrahedral and square planar complexes. π-bonding and MOT - Effect of π - donor and π
-acceptor ligands on Δo. Experimental evidence for π - bonding in complexes

UNIT- IV

Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes:

Term symbol-Free Ion terms and Energy Levels: Configurations, Terms, States and Microstates,
calculation of Microstates for P² and d2 Configuration, Russell- Saunders Coupling Schemes, J-J
Coupling scheme, derivation of terms for various configurations P² and d² configuration,
spectroscopic Ground state , Hole Formalism, Energy ordering of terms (Hund’s Rules), Selection
rules: Laporte orbital selection rule, spin selection rules. Splitting of energy levels and spectroscopic
states Orgel diagrams of d1 to d9 metal complexes. Interpretation of electronic spectra of aquo
Complexes of Ti(III), V(III), Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II). Calculation of
interelectronic and spectral parameters for d8 metal complexes.

UNIT- V

Tanabe- Sugano diagrams for d1 –d9 octahedral and tetrahedral transition metal complexes of 3d
series. Calculation of Dq, Racah Parameter (B) and nephelauxetic parameter (β), Charge transfer
(L→M and M→L) spectra of metal complexes.

Magnetic properties of metal Complexes: Types of magnetic behavior, Temperature independent

paramagnetism. Magnetic properties of transition and inner transition metal complexes – spin and
orbital moments – quenching of orbital momentum by crystal fields in complexes. Magnetic
susceptibility and its determination by Gouy’s method, and Faraday’s method. orbital contribution to
magnetic moment ( Ohand Td Complexes)
Text books:

1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry by F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, IV Edition, John Wiley and
Sons, New York, 1980.

2. Inorganic Chemistry by J.E. Huheey, III Edition, Harper International Edition, 1983.

3. Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, II Edition by M.C. Day and J. Selbin, Affiliated East-West
press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

4. Inorganic Chemistry by Shriver and Atkins, Oxford University Press (1999)

 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-I
PAPER-III: ORGANICCHEMISTRY-I

Course Objectives: To make the students

CO1: Acquiretheknowledgeofaliphaticnucleophilic,aliphaticelectrophilic,stereochemistryand
conformational analysis, chemistry of heterocyclic
compoundsandchemistryofnaturalproducts
CO2: Understandaliphaticnucleophilic, aliphaticelectrophilic, stereochemistry
andconformational analysis, chemistry of heterocycliccompounds and chemistry
ofnaturalproducts
CO3: Apply theknowledgeandunderstandingofaliphaticnucleophilic,aliphaticelectrophilic,
stereochemistry and conformational analysis, chemistry of heterocyclic compounds and
chemistry of natural products to new situations
CO4: Develop interest in the areas of aliphatic nucleophilic, aliphatic
electrophilic,stereochemistry and conformational analysis, chemistry of heterocyclic
compoundsandchemistryofnaturalproducts

LearningOutcomes:Attheendofthecourse,thelearnersshouldbeableto:
LO1: Explainaliphaticnucleophilic,aliphatic electrophilic,stereochemistryandconformational
analysis, chemistry of heterocycliccompounds and chemistry ofnaturalproducts
LO2: Interpretaliphaticnucleophilic,aliphatic electrophilic,stereochemistryandconformational
analysis, chemistry of heterocycliccompounds and chemistry ofnaturalproducts
LO3: Comparealiphaticnucleophilic, aliphaticelectrophilic,stereochemistryandconformational
analysis, chemistry of heterocycliccompounds and chemistry ofnaturalproducts
LO4: Analysealiphaticnucleophilic,aliphaticelectrophilic,stereochemistryandconformationalanalysis,
chemistry of heterocycliccompounds and chemistry ofnaturalproducts
LO5: Solvealiphaticnucleophillic,aliphaticelectrophilic,stereochemistryandconformational analysis,
chemistry of heterocycliccompounds and chemistry ofnaturalproducts
LO6: Identify aliphatic nucleophilic,aliphaticelectrophilic, stereochemistry
andconformationalanalysis,chemistryofheterocycliccompoundsand chemistryofnaturalproducts
LO7: Apply aliphaticnucleophilic,aliphaticelectrophilic, stereochemistry
andconformationalanalysis,chemistryofheterocycliccompoundsand chemistryofnaturalproducts

COURSE CONTENT
UNIT–I
Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitutions: The SN2, SN1, SNi and SET
mechanisms.Substitutionreactionsofambidentnucleophiles,anchimericassistance,theneighbour
ing group mechanism: neighbouring group participation by 0,N, S,halogens, aryl groups,
alkyl and cycloalkyl groups in nucleophilic substitutionreactions. Sigma, Pi bond
participation in acylic and bicyclic systems (Non-
classiccarbocations).NucleophilicSubstitutional
allylic,ŁrigonalandVinyliccarbons.Effectofsubstrate,attackingnucleophile,leavinggroupandre
actionmedium
UNIT-II
Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitutions: SEI SE2 and SEi mechanisms. Reactivity-effects of
substrate, leaving group and solvent. Reactions- hydrogen exchange,migration of
doublebonds, halogenation of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids,
acylhalides,sulphoxidesandsulphones.

UNIT-III
Stereochemistry and Conformational Analysis: Optical Isomerism:FiCal
activity,moleculardissymmetryand chirality- elements of symmetry.Fisher'sprojectionD,L.
and R,S. configurations - relative and absolute configurations optical isomerismdue to
asymmetric carbon atoms - optical isomerism in biphenyls, allenes andspirans-
opticalisomerismofnitrogenouscompounds,racemisationandresolution.
Geometricalisomerism:E,Z-
configurations,propertiesofgeometricalisomers.Conformationalanalysis:Conformationsofacyc
licmolecules-alkanesandsubstitutedalkanes-
compoundshavingintramolecularhydrogenbonding.Conformations of cyclohexane, mono and
disubstituted cyclohexanes and decalins,effectofconformationsonreactivity.

UNIT—IV
Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds :Structure, reactivity and synthesis of threemembered
Heterocycles: (a) Oxirane: Sharpless method, Shi epoxidation, Jacobsenepoxidation, etc, (b)
Aziridine; four membered Heterocycles: (a) Oxetane (b) Azetine;five
memberedHeterocycles:(a) Pyrrole: Paa1 Knorr, Hantzsch Methods,etc, (b)Thiophene: Paa1
Knorr, Hinsberg method, etc. (c) Furan: Paa1 Knorr, Fiest-Benary,IndustrialMethod, etc.; (d)
Pyrazole,(e) Imidazole,(f) Oxazole, (g) Thiazole; Sixmembered Heterocycles: (a) Pyridine,
(b)Pyridazine,(c) pyrimidine and (d) Pyrazine;Aromatic heterocyclics: a) Indole: Fischer
indole synthesis, Bischler synthesis,
andMadelungsynthesis(b)QuinolineandIsoquinoline,(c)CoumarinsandChromones.

UNIT—V
Chemistry of Natural Products:
Terpenoids:-Occurrence,Isolation,isoprenerule,structureelucidationandsynthesisofn-
Terpineolandn-pinene
Steroids:-
Nomenclatureofsteroids,structureelucidation,synthesisandstereochemistryofcholesterolandprog
esterone
Lipids:-Classification,propertiesandfunction-
freefattyacids,triglycerides,phospholipids,glycolipids&waxesconjugatedlipids-lipoproteins

.ReferenceBooks

1. AdvancedOrganicChemistry:ReactionsMechanismsandStructurebyJerryMarch,
Mc.GrawHillandKogakush.

2. OrganicChemistryVol.I(Sixth Ed.)andVol.II(FifthEd.)byILFinarELBS.

3. OrganicChemistry(fifthEd.,)byMorrison andBoyd,PHI,India.

4. OrganicChemistry(fifthedition)byFrancisA.CareyTataMcGrawHillpublishing
 CompanyLimited,NewDelhi.

5. StereochemistryofOrganiccompoundsbyErnestL.E1ie1,SamuelH.Wilen

6. Chemistry of natural products by S. V. Bhat, B. A. Nagasampangi and M.Sivakumar

NarosaPublishingHouse,6threprint2010
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-I
PAPER-IV: PHYSICALCHEMISTRY-I

Course Outcomes (COs)/Course Specific Outcomes (CSOs)

Upon completion of the course the students will be able to,
CO1: Explain the basic concepts of Thermodynamics and its applications
CO2: Understand the concepts of thermodynamics of solutions.
CO3: To understand the principle of micellisation.
CO4: Understand the various kinetic theories, measurements of reaction rates.
CO5: Learn experimental techniques for measuring the kinetics of fast reactions and
homogenous catalyzed reactions.

Learning Outcomes (LOs):

Upon completion of the course the student will be able to understand
LO1: To apply the concepts of thermodynamics to various problems in chemistry.
LO2: To predict various reaction mechanisms.
LO3: To apply the concept of micellization to various chemical reactions.

COURSE CONTENT
UNIT-I
Basic concepts of second law of Thermodynamics-Entropy- Entropy changes accompanying
different processes-Entropy changes in an ideal gas, entropy changes in the mixing of ideal
gases, entropy as a function of V and T and entropy as a function of P and T- Entropy change
in isolated systems- Clausius inequality-Helmholtz and Gibbs energy -Maxwell relations -
Criteria for spontaneity-variation of Gibbs energy with temperature and pressure for solids,
liquids and gases-Concept of fugacity-determination of fugacity coefficient of gases-
Thermodynamics of phase transitions- Concept of chemical potential-Location of phase
boundaries- (Clausius-Clapeyron equation for Liquid- Vapour, Solid -Liquid and Solid-
Vapour boundaries)- Ehrenfest classification of phases.

UNIT-II
Thermodynamics of mixtures -partial molar quantities - experimental methods of
determination of partial molar quantities -Gibbs-Duhem equation and Duhem-Margules
equation-Thermodynamics of mixing of liquids (ΔHmix, ΔGmix and ΔSmix) - Thermodynamics
of ideal solutions - Raoult's law -Thermodynamics of colligative properties of dilute solutions
- concept of activity and activity coefficient- Experimentaldetermination of activity coefficient
- Thermodynamic concept of equilibrium, variation of equilibrium with temperature (Van't
Hoff equation) and pressure - Nernst heat theorem, Third law of thermodynamics- exceptions
to third law of thermodynamics.
UNIT-III
Surface tension- Capillary action- Adsorption-Adsorption isotherms- Freundlich
adsorption isotherm, Langmuir adsorption isotherm-limitations - BET adsorption isotherm-
estimation of Surface area.Surface active agents, classification of surface active agents,
micellization, hydrophobic interaction, critical micellar concentration (CMC), factors
affecting the CMC of surfactants, counter ion binding to micelles, thermodynamics of
micellization- phase separation and mass action models.

UNIT-IV
Chemical Kinetics: Theories of reaction rates- Collision theory- Limitations, Transition
state theory.Lindeman's theory of unimolecular reactions -Limitations. Diffusion controlled
reactions. Effect of ionic strength on rates of reactions- Primary and secondary salt effects.
Effect of dielectric constant onreactions - kinetic isotope effect -Primary and secondary
isotopic effects -Effect of substituent -Linear free energy relationships - Hamett equation -
limitations- Taft equation. Kinetics of consecutive reactions, parallel reactions, opposing
reactions (Uni molecular steps only, no derivation).

UNIT-V
Specific and general acid-base catalysis. Skrabal diagrams. Steady state
approximation- Enzyme catalysis- Michaelis -Menten mechanism. Derivation of Kinetic
equation and Kinetic parameters. Lock and Key hypothesis-pH dependence of enzyme
catalyzed reactions.Fast reactions- different methods of studying fast reactions- flow
methods, relaxation methods- temperature jump and pressure jump methods.

Text Books:
1. Physical Chemistry by Peter Atkins and Julio de Paula, Oxford University Press.
2. Chemical Kinetics by K. J. Laidler, McGraw Hill Pub.
3. Physical chemistry by K.L. Kapoor

Reference Books:

1. Thermodynamics for Chemists, Samuel Glasstone

2. Physical chemistry by Puri, Sharma and Pathania
3. Micelles, Theoretical and applied aspects, V. Moroi, Plenum publisher
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-I
PRACTICAL I: INORGANICCHEMISTRY
Course Objectives:
CO1: To develop an insight into the preparation of inorganic complexes
CO2: To understand the process of preparation of inorganic complexes
CO3: To acquire skills in the preparation of inorganic complexes

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the learners should be able to:
LO1: Prepare various inorganic complexes
LO2: Develop skill in handling apparatus, measure the quantities and carryout the
reaction and analyse the inorganic mixtures
LO3: Applies the skill in preparing new metal complexes and analysis of inorganic
mixtures
LO4: Understand the regulations in handling and disposal of chemicals.

COURSE CONTENT

1. Synthesis of Inorganic Metal Complexes:Synthesis of 3d transition metal complexes

of tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral geometries.
(i) Preparation of TetraammineCopper(II) sulphate monohydrate
(ii) Potassium tris-oxalatoferrate (III) trihydrate
(iii) Tris-thiourea copper(I) sulphate

2. Systematic SemimicroQualitative Analysisof Inorganicsix radical mixtures

In systematic Semi micro qualitative inorganic analysis, inorganic mixture
containsthree cations and three anions. The analysis involves identification and
conformation of cations and anions containing one less familiar cation(Tungsten,
Molybdenum, Zirconium, Thorium, Titanium, Uranium, Cerium, Vanadium,
Lithium, Berkelium Etc... and one interfering anion

Anions: CO32- , S2- , SO32- , Cl - , Br - , I - , NO3 - , SO4 2-, CH3COO -, C2O42- , C4 H4

O6 2- , PO4 3- , CrO4 2-, AsO4 3-, F - , BO3 3-
Cations : Ammonium (NH4+),1st group: Hg, Ag, Pb, Tl, W ; 2nd group: Hg, Pb, Bi, Cu,
Cd, As, Sb, Sn, Mo; 3rd group: Fe, Al, Cr, Ce, Th, Ti, Zr, V, U, Be
4th group: Zn, Mn, Co, Ni5th group: Ca, Ba, Sr6th group: Mg,K, Li
Note: A minimum of 4 inorganic mixtures must be analysed in this Semester
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Practical Inorganic Chemistry, G. Marr and B. W. Rockett.
2. Practical Inorganic Chemistry by G.Pass H.Sutchiffe,2nd edn John Wiley & Sons.
3. Experimental Inorganic/Physical Chemistry, M. A. Malati, Horwood Publishing,
Chichester, UK (1999)
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-I
PRACTICAL II: PHYSICALCHEMISTRY

Course Objectives:
CO1: To maintain laboratory ethics, safety and cleanliness
CO2: To Preparation and standardization of solutions
CO3: To have hands-on experience/practical knowledge in performing Physical chemistry
experiments
CO4: To develop skills on handling instruments like conductometry and perform different
types of acid-base titrations
CO5: To plot accurate graphs of the desired scale for the calculations of Langmuir and
Freundlich isotherms
CO6: To Prepare the solution of the desired concentration and the desired volume in
Cuprammonium cation.

LearningOutcomes:
At the end of the course, the learners should be able to:
LO1: To be able to develop/practical skills to solve problems in chemistry.
LO2: To extend the principle of Conductometric titration to other kind of reactions.
LO3: To learn to use the concept of phase diagram for different systems
LO4: To apply adsorption isotherms for other reactions.

COURSE CONTENT:
1. Conductometry
a) Conductometric titration of strong acid (HCl) vs strong base (NaOH)
b) Conductometric titration of weak acid (CH3COOH) vs strong base (NaOH)
c) Conductometric titration of mixture of acids (HCl + CH 3COOH) vs strong
base (NaOH)
2. Determination of Cell constant of conductivity cell
3. Determination of Dissociation constant of weak acid by conductometric Method
4. Determination of Critical solution temperature of phenol-Water system
5. Determination of effect of electrolyte (NaCl) on the miscibility temperature of Phenol-
Water system
6. Determination of composition of Cuprammonium cation using partition coefficient
method
7. To verify Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm for absorption of acetic acid onto activated
Charcoal
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-I
PRACTICAL III: ORGANICCHEMISTRY

Course Objectives:
CO1: To develop an insight into the preparation of organic compounds in various
reactions
CO2: To understand the process of preparation of organic through various reactions
CO3: To acquire skills in the preparation of organic compounds, their separation,
purification and identification

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the learners should be able to:
LO1: Prepare various organic compounds using various reactions
LO2: Develop skill in handling apparatus, measure the quantities and carryout the
reaction, separate the products, purify them and analyse the products formed
LO3: Applies the skill in preparing novel organic moieties

COUSE CONTENT:
Synthesis of Organic compounds
Synthesis, purification and characterization of about ten organic compounds involving one
or two stages.
List of some suggested compounds
1. β-Napthyl methyl ether from β-Naphthol
2. m-dinitrobenzene from Nitrobenzene
3. Azo dye from primary amine
4. Aromatic acid from ester
5. Benzanilide from aniline
6. p-nitroaniline from Acetanilide
7. p-Bromo acetanilide from aniline
8. Phthalimide from phthalic acid
9. 1,2,3-Tribromo benzene from aniline
10. Benzanilide from Benzophenone

Text Books:
1. A Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry by A. I. Vogel, ELBS and Longman
group.

2. Practical Organic Chemistry by Mann and Saunders, ELBS and Longman group.
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-I

Paper- I: GENERAL CHEMISTRY-I

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80 (5x16=80 Marks)

Answer ALL questions
1. (a) (i) What kind of molecules exhibit microwave spectra.
(ii) Discuss isotope effect in microwave spectra.
(or)
(b) (i) Derive an expression for energy or harmonic oscillator and discuss the
selection rules.
(ii) Describe the origin of PQR structure of Vibrational-Rotational spectra.

2. (a) (i) Discuss the classical and quantum mechanical theories of Raman spectra
(ii) Explain rotational fine structure in electronic spectroscopy?
(or)
(b) (i) State and explain Franck Condon principle.
(ii) Write a short note on charge transfer spectra.

3. (a) (i)
Explain the terms spin active nuclei, resonance, Larmor precession and
chemical shifts in NMR.
(ii) Explain hyperfine interactions in ESR spectroscopy taking examples.
(or)
(b) (i) What are the factors affecting ‘g’ value in ESR spectroscopy.
(ii) Explain spin-spin interactions in NMR spectroscopy?

4. (a) (i) State and explain the axioms of group theory.

(ii) State the great Orthogonality theorem and discuss its implications
(or)
(b) (i) Give the points groups for NH3, XeF4, eclipsed C2H6, Cis C2H4, B3,N3H6
and allene
(ii) Describe the anatomy of character table.

5. (a) (i)
Write a flowchart and FORTRAN program for calculation of rate constant
of a first order reaction.
(ii) Give the syntax and rules of DO statement
(or)
(b) (i) Write a flowchart and FORTRAN program for calculation of pH and
hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution of a strong acid taking
into account the auto ionization of water
(ii) Write a brief note on format direction Input/output statements.
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-I

Paper- II: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80 (5x16=80 Marks)

Answer ALL questions
1. (a) (i) Predict the geometries of CIF3, XeF4 and SF4 molecules using VSEPR
theory
(ii) What is LCAO method? Predict bond order and bond lengths in O 2+ and O2-
ions based on MO energy level diagram
(or)
(b) (i) Draw the MO energy level diagram for [Co(NH3)6]3+ and discuss its
magnetic properties
(ii) Draw the Walsh diagram for H2O molecule and predict its structure.
2. (a) (i) Discuss the preparation of, structure of, and bonding in N 3P3Cl6.
(ii) Discuss the structure and properties of borazole
(or)
(b) (i) Explain Mialalicopause and Rosenneium theories Pauling’s theory and
Keggin’s theory of polyacids.
(ii) Explain the method of counting skeletal electrons in cluster compounds
(or)
3. (a) (i) Draw and explain the crystal field splitting of ‘d’ orbitals in square planar
and trigonal bipyramidal geometries.
(ii) Discuss the factors affecting crystal field splitting energies.
(or)
(b) (i) What are static and dynamic Jahn-Teller theorem and discuss its
consequences
(ii) Write a note on nephelauxetic effect
4. (a) (i) How do Tanable-Sugano diagrams differ from Orgel diagram? Draw
Tanabe-Sugano diagram for [V(H2O)6]3+
(ii) Draw the Orgel diagram for [TiCl4]- ion and explain the electronic transition
(or)
(b) (i) Write an account on Russell – Saunders coupling.
(ii) Derive the terms symbols for Ni2+ and identify the ground state term symbol
5. (a) (i) Discuss different types of paramagnetic behaviour of transition metal
complexes
(ii) Calculate the spin only magnetic moments of the [MnCl6]3- and [Fe(CN)6]3
(or)
(b) (i) Describe the Magnetic properties of inner transition metal complexes
(ii) Determination of magnetic susceptibility a determination by Gouy’s and
Faraday’s methods
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-I

Paper- III: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80 (5x16=80 Marks)

Answer ALL questions
1. (a) (i) Explain SN2 reaction with stereo chemical evidence
(ii) What are non-classical carbocations? Explain them.
(or)
(b) (i) Describe neighbouring group participation reactions of Oxygen and
Halogens with an examples.
(ii) Write a note on nucleophilic substitution reaction at allylic and trigonal
carbons

2. (a) (i) Explain SE1 and SE2 reactions with examples.

(ii) Write a note on halogenations of ketones and carboxylic acids with
examples
(or)
(b) (i) Write a note on SEi reaction and migration of double bonds
(ii) Describe halogenations of sulphoxide and sulphones

3. (a) (i) Explain optical isomerism of biphenyls and spirans

(ii) Write about racemization and resolution with examples
(or)
(b) (i) Describe the properties of geometrical isomers.
(ii) Write the conformational analysis of cyclohexane with an example

4. (a) (i) Write any two synthesis and reactivity of Oxirane

(ii) Explain any two synthesis and reactivity of Indole
(or)
(b) (i) Describe the synthesis and properties of Pyridine
(ii) Write a note on coumarins and chromones with examples

5. (a) (i) Explain the synthesis of a-pinene

(ii) Write any synthesis of progesterone
(or)
(b) (i) Explain triglycerides with examples
(ii) Write the structure elucidation of cholesterol
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-I

Paper- IV: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-I

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80 (5x16=80 Marks)

Answer ALL questions
1. (a) (i) Derive Maxwell’s relations
(ii) Define fugacity. How do you determine the fugacity of real gases?
(or)
(b) (i) Derive Clausius-Clapeyron equation
(ii) Explain the entropy changes accompanying in different processes

2. (a) (i)
Define partial molar quantity? Explain the experimental methods for
determining partial molar quantities.
(ii) Explain briefly about thermodynamics of mixing of liquids
(or)
(b) (i) State and explain third law of thermodynamics and write its limitations
(ii) What is effect of temperature on equilibrium constant?

3. (a) (i) Discuss the features and limitations of Langmuir adsorption isotherm
(ii) Give a classification of surface-active agents along with examples
(or)
(b) (i) What are important features of BET isotherm
(ii) What is CMC? What are the factors affecting CMC

4. (a) (i) Discuss the Lindeman theory of unimolecular reaction and its limitations
(ii) Write a note on diffusion-controlled reactions
(or)
(b) (i) Derive an expression for effect of ionic strength on rate of reaction
(ii) Discuss the kinetics of consecutive reactions

5. (a) (i) Explain the Michaelis-Menten mechanism for enzyme catalysis

(ii) Explain the mechanism of specific acid-base catalysis
(or)
(b) (i) Explain steady-state approximation with examples
(ii) Explain temperature jump method for fast reactions and derive an
expression for relaxation time
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-II
PAPER-I: GENERAL CHEMISTRY-II

Course Objectives:
CO1 Students will have the idea of wave function and understand the uncertainty
relations
CO2 Students will learn how to solve the Schrodinger Eq. rigorously for model systems
CO3 Students will be able to understand and be able to explain the origin of quantized
energy levels
CO4 Students will learn to apply concepts from physics and methods from mathematics
to derive and understand the properties of chemical systems that arise from quantum
mechanical models for the structure of atoms and molecules
CO5 They will be able to understand and explain the differences between classical and
quantum mechanics

Learning Outcomes:
LO1 Gain knowledge about wave equation-interpretation of wave function-properties of
wave function-normalization and orthogonalization.
LO2 Understand about symmetry arguments in deriving the selection rules, the concepts
of tunneling-particle in three-dimensional box. Calculations using wave functions
of the particle in a box.
LO3 Gain knowledge about Perturbation theory-time independent perturbation (only first
order perturbation is to be dealt with) – application to ground state energy of helium
atom
LO4 Study about variation principle-applications-calculation of zero-point energy of
harmonic oscillator-many electron atom
LO5 Gain knowledge about Valence bond approach-directed valence-hybridization-
covalent bond-calculation of ionic and covalent bond contributions in hydrogen
molecule
LO6 Gain knowledge about hydrogen molecule ion-hydrogen molecule (fundamental
concepts only
 COURSE CONTENT

Unit I
Wave equation – interpretation of wave function – properties of wave function –
normalization and orthogonalisation, operators – linear and non-linear commutators of
operators, Postulates of quantum mechanics, setting up of operators observables –
Hermitian operator – Eigen values of Hermitian operator.

Unit-II
Wave mechanics of simple systems with constant potential energy, particle in one
dimensional box – factors influencing colour – transition – dipole integral, symmetry
arguments in deriving the selection rules-the concept of tunneling – particle in a three
dimensional box, Rigid rotor, wave mechanics of systems with variable potential energy-
simple harmonic oscillator-solution of wave equation-selection rules.

UNIT-III
Hydrogen atom-solution of R(r), θ(θ) and Φ(ɸ) equations-probability density in orbitals-
shapes of orbitals. Perturbation theory-time independent perturbation (only first order
perturbation is to be dealt with) – application to ground state energy of hydrogen and
helium atom

UNIT –IV
Variation principle-applications to hydrogen and helium atoms-calculation of zeropoint
energy of harmonic oscillator-many electron atom- Comparison between Perturbation and
variation theorems. Hartee-Fock self-consistent field method and introductory concepts of
Density functional theory(DFT).

UNIT-V
Valence bond approach-directed valence-hybridization-covalent bond-calculation of ionic
and covalent bond contributions in hydrogen molecule. Molecular orbital theory – LCAO
approximation – hydrogen molecule ion – hydrogen molecule (fundamental concepts only)
– The electronic transitions in the hydrogen molecule.
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-II
PAPER-II: INORGANICCHEMISTRY-II
(Effective from the admitted batch of 2021-2022)
Course Objectives:
CO1 To give a basic and updated knowledge for the students on metal clusters,
Organometallic chemistry of transition metals
CO2 To discuss the preparation and structures of and functional aspects of metal clusters
CO3 Design new coordination compounds based on a fundamental understanding of their
electronic properties
CO4 To discuss basics principles of reaction mechanism in metal complexes
CO5 To understand the concept of Term symbols and Electronic spectra and Magnetic
properties of complexes

LearningOutcomes:Attheendofthecourse,thelearnersshouldbeable to:
LO1 Explain the idea of metal clusters
LO2 Interpret the bonding nature in metal clusters
LO3 Understand the basics of inorganic and coordination chemistry
LO4 Verity the 18 electron rules in various metal clusters
LO5 Determine the stability constants of metal complexes
LO6 Explain the kinetics of substitution reaction, conjugate bas mechanism and trans
effect
LO7 Design new coordination compounds based on a fundamental understanding of their
Reaction mechanism

COURSE CONTENT
UNIT-I
Metal cluster compounds - definition – evidences for existence of M-M bonds -
conditions favorable for formation of M-M bonds – preparation, structure and bonding of
the following metal cluster compounds.
Re2Cl82-, Mo2Cl84-, Re2(RCOO)4X2, Mo2(RCOO)4(H2O)2, Cr2(RCOO)4(H2O)2,
Cu2(RCOO)4 (H2O)2, Cr2Cl93-, Mo2Cl93-, W2Cl93-, Re3Cl9, Re3Cl123-, Mo6Cl84+, Nb6X122+
and Ta6X122+.Polyatomic clusters – Zintle ions, Chevrel phases.
 UNIT-II

Organometallic compounds - 16 and 18 electron rules.

Isoelectronicrelationship - Synthesis, structure, bonding and reactions of carbon monoxide,
dinitrogen and nitric oxide complexes.
Isolobal relationship – H, Cl, CH3, Mn(CO)5; S, CH2, Fe(CO)4; P, CH, Co(CO)3
Synthesis, structure, bonding and reactions of metallocenes with special reference to
ferrocene

UNIT-III

Metal Ligand equilibria in solution:

Step wise and overall formation constants and their interaction. Trends in stepwise
constants ((statistical effect and statistical ratio), factors affecting the stability of metal
complexes; Stability correlations - Irwing -William’s series, Pearson’s theory of hard and
soft acids and bases (HSAB), Application of HSAB: Biological functions and toxicology
of metals, and medicinal applications; chelate effect and its thermodynamic origin

UNIT-IV

Determination of stability constants of complexes by spectrophotometric method ((Job’s

method) and pH –metric method(Bjerrum’s).
Reactivity of metal complexes – inert and labile complexes. Explanation of lability on the
basis of valence bond and crystal field theories.

UNIT- V

Reaction Mechanisms of Metal Complexes:

Reactivity of metal complexes, inert and labile complexes, Kinetics and mechanisms of
substitution reactions, kinetics of substitutions reactions in octahedral complexes, acid
hydrolysis, Factors affecting acid hydrolysis, Base hydrolysis, Conjugate base mechanism,
Anation reactions, substitution reactions in square planar complexes, Trans effect,
Mechanism of trans effect, Electron transfer reactions-– concept of complementary and
non-complementary reactions with examples, inner sphere and outer sphere mechanisms,
Marcus theory.

Text books:
1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry by F.A. Cotton and R.G. Wilkinson, IV Edition,
John, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1980.
2. Inorganic Chemistry by J.E. Huheey, III edition, Harper International Edition,
1983.
3. Organometallic Chemistry-A unified approach by A. Singh and R.C. Mehrotra,
Wiley Eastern Ltd.
4. Inorganic Chemistry by Shriver and Atkins, Oxford University Press (1999)
5. Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, II Edition by M.C. Day and J. Selbin, Affiliated
East-West press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Mechanisims of Inorganic reactions in solution by D.Benson, MCgraw Hill,
London, 1968.
7. Inorganic chemistry by K.F. Purcell and J.C.Kotz, W.B. Saunders company, New
York, 1977.
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-II
PAPER-III: ORGANICCHEMISTRY-II

Course Objectives:
CO1 Acquire the knowledge of aromaticity, aromatic nucleophilic substitution, reactive
intermediates and name reactions, molecular rearrangements, spectroscopy, alkaloids,
peptides, proteins and nucleic acids
CO2 Understand aromaticity, aromatic nucleophilic substitution, reactive intermediate and
name reactions, molecular rearrangements, spectroscopy, alkaloids, peptides, proteins
and nucleic acids
CO3 Apply the knowledge and understanding of aromaticity, aromatic nucleophilic
substitution, reactive intermediate and name reactions, molecular rearrangements,
spectroscopy, alkaloids peptides, proteins and nucleic acids to new situations
CO4 Develop interest in the areas of aromaticity, aromatic nucleophilic substitution,
reactive intermediates and name reactions, molecular rearrangements, spectroscopy,
alkaloids, peptides, proteins and nucleic acids

Learning Outcomes: At the end of the course, the learners should be able to:
LO1 Explain aromaticity, aromatic nucleophilic substitution, reactivity intermediates and
name reactions, molecular rearrangements, spectroscopy, alkaloids, peptides, proteins
and nucleic acids
LO2 Interpret aromaticity, aromatic nucleophilic substitution, reactive intermediates and
name reactions, molecular rearrangements, spectroscopy, alkaloids, peptides, proteins
and nucleic acids
LO3 Compare aromaticity, aromatic nucleophilic substitution, reactive intermediates and
name reactions, molecular rearrangements, spectroscopy, alkaloids, peptides, proteins
and nucleic acids
LO4 Analyse aromaticity, aromatic nucleophilic substitution, reactive intermediates and
name reactions, molecular rearrangements, spectroscopy, alkaloids, peptides, proteins
and nucleic acids
LO5 Solve aromaticity, aromatic nucleophilic substitution, reactive intermediates and name
reactions, molecular rearrangements, spectroscopy, alkaloids, peptides, proteins and
nucleic acids
LO6 Identify aromaticity, aromatic nucleophilic substitution, reactive intermediates and
name reactions, molecular rearrangements, spectroscopy, alkaloids peptides, proteins
and nucleic acids
LO7 Apply aromaticity, aromatic nucleophilic substitution, reactive intermediates and
name reactions, molecular rearrangements, spectroscopy, alkaloids, peptides, proteins
and nucleic acids
 COURSE CONTENT

UNIT-I: Aromaticity
A) Aromaticity: Concept of Aromaticity, Aromaticity of five membered, six membered and
fused systems-non-benzenoidaromatic compounds:-cyclopropenylcation, cyclo
butadienyldication, cyclopentadienyl anion — tropyliumcation and cyclo octatetraenyl
dianion—matallocenes, ferrocenes, azulenes, fulvenes, annulenes, fullerenes.
Homoaromaticity, Antiaromaticity and Pseudoaromaticity.
B) Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitutions: The SNAr, SN1, benzyne and SRN1 mechanisms.
Reactivity: Effect of substrate, leaving group and attacking nucleophile. The Von-Richter,
Somm1et-HauserandSmilesrearrangements.

UNIT-II: Reactive Intermediates and Name Reactions

A) Reactive Intermediates: Generation, structure, stability and reactivity of reactive
intermediates: carbanion, carbocation, freeradicals, carbenes and nitrenes.
B) NameReactions:Wittigreaction,Grignardreaction,Storkenaminereaction,Michaeladdition,
MannichReaction,Diel’s-AlderreactionandEne-reaction

UNIT-III: Molecular Rearrangements

Molecular Rearrangements: Types of molecular rearrangements, migratory aptitude;
Rearrangements to electron deficient carbon: Pinacol-pinacolone, Wagner-Meerwein and
Benzil-Benzilicacid,
Rearrangements toelectron deficientnitrogen: Beckmann, Hofmann, Curtius, Schmidt and
Lossen rearrangements;
Rearrangements to electron deficient oxygen: Baeyer-villiger,Dakin rearrangements;
Other rearrangements: Neber rearrangement and Favorskii rearrangements

UNIT-IV: Spectroscopy
A) UV Spectroscopy: Various electronic transitions, selection rules, effect of solvent on
electronic transitions, the absorption laws, chromophores, auxochromes, bathochromic
and hypso chromic shifts, hyperchromic and hypochromic effects, Woodward-Fieser
rules for conjugated dienes and carbonyl compounds.
B) Infrared Spectroscopy: Basic principles: types of molecular vibrations, fingerprint region
and identification of functional groups.
C) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ( IH-NMR): nuclear spin, nuclear resonance,
saturation, shielding of magnetic nuclei, chemical shifts, factors affecting the chemical
shift, and assignment of chemical shifts.
D) Mass Spectroscopy: Basic principles, nitrogen rule and fragmentation pattern of carbonyl
compounds and alcohols

UNIT—V: Alkaloids, Peptides, Proteins and Nucleic acids

A) ALKALOIDS: Occurrence, Isolation, classification based on nitrogen heterocyclic ring
and synthesis of quinine and nicotine
B) Peptides and Proteins: O-Amino acids, their general properties and synthesis, Synthesis
of peptides by Merrifield solid phase synthesis. Primary, secondary and tertiary structures
of proteins
C) Nucleic acids: Heterocyclic bases; Purines: Adenine and Guanine; Pyramidines: Cytosine,
Uracil and Thymine; nucleosides, nucleotides Basic concepts of the structures of RNA
and DNA

Textbooks:

1. Organic Chemistry Vol.I (SixthEdn.) and Vol.II (FifthEd.,) by ILfinarELBS.

2. Organic Chemistry (fifthEdn.,) by Morrison and Boyd, PHI, India.
3. Organic Chemistry (fifthedition) by FrancisA.Carey TataMcGraw
Hillpublishing Company Limited, New Delhi.
4. ReactionMechanisminOrganicChemistrybyMukherjeeSirigh,NTerniit
arr,Indiar
5. A guide book to mechanism in Organic Chemistry by Peter Sykes, ELBS.
6. Advanced organic chemistry by Jerry March (4thEdition)WileyEastern..
7. Stereochemistry of carbon compounds by E.Eliel, John Wiley &Sons, Inc.
8. Stereochemistry of Organic compounds by D.Nasipuri., Chemistry of Natural products by
R.S. Kalsi Kalyani Publ
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-II
PAPER-IV: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY -II

Course Outcomes (COs)/Course Specific Outcomes (CSOs)

Upon completion of the course the students will be able to,
CO1 Explain the basic concepts of Crystallography
CO2 Understand the types of polymers and analyze various physical properties of
polymers
CO3 Understand the concepts of electrochemistry and theories like Debye Huckel theory
CO4 Understand the basic concept and theories of electrode-electrolyte interface
CO5 Learn principles of photochemistry and various photochemical reactions

Learning Outcomes (LOs):

Upon completion of the course the student will be able
 To determine electrical magnetic properties of solids.
 To apply the basic concept of electrochemistry to different electrochemical cells
 To predict the mechanisms of photochemical reactions

COURSE CONTENT
UNIT-I:
Crystal structure of solids: Fundamental of lattices, unit cell, Bravais lattices, symmetry
elements in crystals, packing efficiency, radius ratios; Miller indices. structures and types
of solids. Structure determination by X-ray diffraction (Bragg’s equation). Magnetic
properties of solids- classification of magnetic materials, Magnetic susceptibility,
Measurement of magnetic susceptibility. Electric properties-Band theory, the band
structure of metals, insulators, and semiconductors. The temperature dependence of the
conductivity of extrinsic semiconductors. Superconductivity and occurrence. Meisner
effect. Types of superconductors. Theories of superconductivity - BCS theory.

UNIT-II
Classification of polymers - Free radical, ionic and Zeigler - Natta Polymerization -
kinetics of free radical polymerization - Techniques of polymerization - Glass transition
temperature - Factors influencing the glass transition temperature - Number average and
Weight average, Molecular weights - molecular weights determination - End group
analysis - Osmometry - Light scattering and ultra-centrifugation methods.

UNIT-III:
Electrochemistry I: Ionic mobilities and conductivities - Debye-Huckel theory of strong
electrolytes, Debye-Huckelonsagar equation-limitations- mean activity coefficient -
Verification of Debye-Huckel limiting law. Electrochemical cell- Galvanic and electrolytic
cell. Nernst equation-Concentration cell with and without transference- effect of
complexation on redox potential- ferricyanide/ ferrocyanide couple, Iron(III)
phenonthroline/ Iron(II) phenonthroline couple. Fuel Cells- construction-Various types-
Examples.

UNIT-IV:
Electrochemistry II: The electrode-electrolyte interface. The electrical double layer. The
Helmholtz-Perrin parallel-plate model, the Gouy-Chapman diffuse-charge model and the
Stern model. Electrodics: Charge transfer reactions at the electrode-electrolyte
interface.Derivation of Butler-Volmer equation. High field approximation, Tafel equation,
Low field equilibrium, over voltage. Theories of over voltage- Corrosion - Concentration
polarization - Polarography -Half wave potential and Ilkovic equation.
UNIT-V:
Photochemistry: Electronic transitions in molecules, Franck-Condon principle.
Electronically excited molecules- singlet and triplet states, spin-orbit interaction. Quantum
yield and its determination. Actinometry. Derivation of fluorescence and phosphorescence
quantum yields. Quenching effect- Stern Volmer equation. Photochemical equilibrium and
delayed fluorescence- E-type and P-type. Photochemical primary processes, types of
photochemical reactions-photodissociation, addition and isomerization reactions with
examples.

Text Books:
1. Physical Chemistry by Peter Atkins and Julio de Paula, Oxford University Press.
2. Physical Chemistry by G.W. Castellon, Narosha Publishing House
3. Physical chemistry by K.L. Kapoor.
4. Principles of photochemistry, RohitgeeMukhargee.
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-II
PRACTICAL -I: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Course Objectives:
CO1 To have hands-on experience/practical knowledge in Inorganic chemistry
experiments
CO2 To develop skills on estimations of analyte by volumetrically
CO3 To determine analyte by Gravimetrically
CO4 To study the photochemical reactions

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the learners should be able to:
LO1 To be able to solve problems in analytical chemistry
LO2 To extend the idea of determination of analyte by volumetric titration to advanced
analytical determinations of various organic and inorganic analytes
LO3 Able to design gravimetric experiments for quantitative estimation of organic and
inorganic analytes

COURSE CONTENT

Quantitative analysis:

1.Volumetric methods of Analysis:

i) Determination of Ferric iron by photochemical reduction

ii). Determination of Nickel by EDTA

iii) Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in a mixture by EDTA

iv) Determination of Ferrocyanide by Ceric sulphate

v) Determination of Copper(II) in presence of iron(III)

2.Gravimetric methods of Analysis:

i) Determination of Zinc as Zinc pyrophosphate

ii). Determination of Nickel from a mixture of Copper and Nickel.

 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-II
PRACTICAL-II: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Course Objectives:
CO1 To have hands-on experience/practical knowledge in performing Physical chemistry
experiments
CO2 To develop skills on handling instruments like Potentiometry and perform different
types of acid-base and redox titrations
CO3 To determine specific rotations and percentage of to optically active substances by
polarimetrically
CO4 To study the stability of complex ion and stranded free energy change and
equilibrium constant by potentiometry

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the learners should be able to:
LO1 To be able to develop/practical skills to solve problems in chemistry
LO2 To extend the principle of Potentiometric titration to other kind of reactions.
LO3 To study the kinetics of reactions and determine the order of reaction

COURSE CONTENT

1. Potentiometric titration of Iron (II) using potassium dichromate

2. Potentiometric titration of strong acid with a strong base using quinhydrone electrode
3. Determination of kinetics of Ester hydrolysis
4. Determination of Equilibrium constant of Potassium Iodide-Iodine system
5. Determination of kinetics of inversion of cane sugar by polarimetry method.
6. Determination of partial molar volume of solute –H2O system by apparent molar volume
method.
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-II
PRACTICAL III: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Course Objectives:
CO1 To develop an insight into the identification of organic compounds by systematic
analysis
CO2 To understand the process of identification of organic compounds by systematic
analysis
CO3 To acquire skills in the identification of organic compounds by systematic analysis

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the learners should be able to:
LO1 Identify an organic compound by systematic analysis
LO2 Develop skill in identification of organic compounds by systematic analysis
LO3 Apply the skill in the identification of new organic compounds by systematic analysis

COURSE CONTENT

Identification of the unknown organic compounds

Systematic identification of organic compounds – preliminary tests, detection of extra
elements, solubility, common functional group tests (determination of functional group/s in
a single compound, if present), preparation of two rational derivatives
The given organic compound must be identified by comparing the melting point /Boiling
point of the compound and melting points of its derivatives with the literature

List of suggested compounds

Glucose, fructose, benzaldehyde, p-anisaldehyde, p-chloro benzaldehyde, acetophenone,
phenol, cresols, naphthols, esters, p-chloro benzoic acid, aniline, p-tolune, p-anisidine, p-
chloroaniline, diphenyl amine, N,N-dimethylaniline, benzamide, naphthalene and
anthracene.

TEXT BOOKS
1. A Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry by A. I. Vogel, ELBS and Longman
group.
2. Practical Organic Chemistry by Mann and Saunders, ELBS and Longman group.
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-II

Paper I: General Chemistry-II

Time: 3 Hours Maximum marks: 80 (5X16 =80 marks)

Answer ALL questions

(1) (a) i) Derive Schrodinger wave equation?
ii) Explain the postulates of Quantum mechanics
(or)
(b) i) Write notes on Hermitian operator and its properties
ii) Explain normalization and orthogonalization

(2) (a) i) Solve the Schrodinger wave equation for a particle in a one-dimensional box
ii) Write the factors influencing color
(or)
(b) i) Derive the Schrodinger wave equation for a simple harmonic oscillator
ii) Describe the concept of tunnelling

(3) (a) i) Explain the solution of R(r), θ(θ) and Φ(ɸ) equations of hydrogen atom
ii) Explain probability density in orbitals
(or)
(b) i) Explain the time independent perturbation theory to evaluate the ground state
energy of helium atom
ii) Application of above to ground state energy of hydrogen and helium atom

(4) (a) i)What is variation principle. Write its application to calculation of ground
state energy of harmonic oscillator
ii) Compare Perturbation and variation theorems
(or)
(b) i) Explain Hartee-Fock self-consistent field method for multi electron atoms
ii) Write a note on Density functional theory (DFT)

(5) (a) i) Explain quantum mechanical approach of molecular orbital theory

ii) Calculate the ionic and covalent bond contributions in hydrogen molecule
(or)
(b) i) Discuss the valence bond approach of H2 molecule.
ii) Write the electronic transitions in the hydrogen molecule.

MODEL QUESTION PAPER

ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
 SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-II

Paper- II: Inorganic Chemistry-II

Time: 3 Hours Max marks: 80 (5X16 =80M)

Answer ALL questions

(1) a) (i) Discuss the structure and magnetic property of Cu2(RCOO)4 (H2O)2
(ii) Write a note on Chevrel phases
(or)
b) (i) Discuss the preparation of, structures of and bonding in Re 2Cl82-.
(ii) Describe the structures of hexanuclear metal clusters

(2) a) (i) Explain the synthesis, structure and reactions of metal carbonyls.
(ii) Explain Isolobal relationship with suitable examples.
(or)
b) (i) Describe the preparation of, structure of and bonding in ferrocene.
(ii) What is 18 electron rules? Illustrate with suitable examples

(3) a) (i) Explain the factors affecting the stability of coordination compounds
(ii) Distinguish between stepwise and overall stability constants
(or)
b) (i) Describe the Irwing-William’s series, Pearson’s theory of hard and soft
acids and bases (HSAB)
(ii) What is chelate effect and discuss its thermodynamic origin

(4) a) (i) Discuss a spectrophotometric method for the determination of binary

formation constant of a metal complex
(ii) What are inert and labile complexes?
(or)
b) (i) Describe the pH – metric method for the determination of stability constants
(ii) Explain inert and labile complexes by using crystal field stabilization
energies?

(5) a) (i) What is acid hydrolysis reactions? Discuss factors affecting acid hydrolysis
reactions
(ii) What is trans effect? Distinguish between the trans effect and trans
influence
(or)
b) (i) Give an account of base hydrolysis of Cobalt (III) complexes
(ii) Discuss the various factors affecting the rates of substitution reaction of
octahedral complexes

MODEL QUESTION PAPER

 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-II

Paper- III: Organic Chemistry-II

Time: 3 Hours Maximum marks: 80 (5X16 =80 marks)

Answer ALL questions

(1) a) (i) Explain Aromaticity and Anti aromaticity give examples.

(ii) Write a note on Von- Ritcher rearrangement
(or)
b) (i) Describe Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution reactions give examples.
(ii) Write a note on Non-benzenoid aromatic compounds and Annulenes.

(2) a) (i) Write any two preparations and reactivity of carbocation.

(ii) Write a note on Stork enamine reaction.
(or)
b) (i) Explain carbanion and nitrene
(ii) Briefly explain Mannich Reaction with applications.

(3) a) (i) Explain Pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement give examples.

(ii) Describe mechanism and applications of Beckmann rearrangement.
(or)
b) (i) Discuss about Baeyer-villager rearrangement.
(ii) Write a note on Favorskii rearrangement.

(4) a) (i) Write the Woodward-Fieser rules for conjugated dienes.

(ii) Explain types of molecular vibrations in Infrared Spectroscopy.
(or)
b) (i) Describe factors affecting the chemical shift.
(ii) Give the fragmentation pattern of alcohols.

(5) a) (i) Write the synthesis of nicotine

(ii) Explain Merrifield solid phase synthesis.
(or)
b) (i) Write about Primary, secondary and tertiary structures of proteins.
(ii) How do you differentiate RNA and DNA
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-II

Paper- IV: Physical Chemistry-II Semester-II

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80 (5X16 =80M)

Answer ALL questions

(1) a) (i) Derive Bragg’s equation

(ii) Explain the theories of superconductivity
(or)
b) (i) Describe the different methods of measurement of magnetic susceptibility
(ii) Write a brief note on semiconductors

(2) a) (i) Give the classification of polymers with examples

(ii) What are the factors influencing glass transition temperature
(or)
b) (i) How is molecular weight of polymers determined by osmometry and light
scattering methods
(ii) Write a brief note on kinetics of free radical polymerization

(3) a) (i) Explain Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes

(ii) Discuss the effect of complexation on redox potential with examples?
(or)
b) (i) Derive an expression for EMF of concentration cell without transference
(ii) Discuss the important features of Debye-Huckel limiting law

(4) a) (i) Derive Bulter-Volmer equation

(ii) Explain the Stern model for double layer
(or)
b) (i) Explain in detail about polarography
(ii) Discuss important features of Gouy-Chapman diffuse charge model and
Helmholtz parallel plate model
(or)
(5) a) (i) Derive Stern-Volmer equation
(ii) State and explain Franck-Condon principle

b) (i) Define quantum yield and explain its experimental method determination
(ii) Discuss the mechanism of photo addition and photo isomerization with
examples
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-III
PAPER I - ORGANIC REACTION MECHANISMS, PERICYCLIC REACTIONSAND PHOTOCHEMISTRY

Course Objectives:

CO 1: Acquire the knowledge of reactions and mechanisms of Substitution, Elimination, Addition,

Pericyclic and Organic Photochemistry
CO 2: Understand reactions and mechanisms of Substitution, Elimination, Addition, Pericyclic and
Organic Photochemistry
CO 3: Apply the knowledge and understanding of new situations reactions and mechanisms of
Substitution, Elimination, Addition, Pericyclic and Organic Photochemistry
CO 4: Develop interest in the areas of reactions and mechanisms of Substitution, Elimination,
Addition, Pericyclic and Organic Photochemistry

Learning Outcomes: At the end of the course, the learners should be able to:

LO 1: Explain reactions and mechanisms of Substitution, Elimination, Addition, Pericyclic and

Organic Photochemistry
LO 2: Interpret reactions and mechanisms of Substitution, Elimination, Addition, Pericyclic and
Organic Photochemistry
LO 3: Compare reactions and mechanisms of Substitution, Elimination, Addition, Pericyclic and
Organic Photochemistry
LO 4: Analyse reactions and mechanisms of Substitution, Elimination, Addition, Pericyclic and
Organic Photochemistry
LO 5: Solve reactions and mechanisms of Substitution, Elimination, Addition, Pericyclic and
Organic Photochemistry
LO 6: Identify reactions and mechanisms of Substitution, Elimination, Addition, Pericyclic and
Organic Photochemistry
LO 7: apply reactions and mechanisms of Substitution, Elimination, Addition, Pericyclic and Organic
Photochemistry

COURSE CONTENT

UNIT-I: Radical Substitution Reactions

Reactivity for aliphatic substrates,reactivity at Bridgehead, Reactivity in aromatic substrates,
neighbouring group assistance in free radical reactions, reactivity in the attacking radical, effect
of solvent on reactivity, halogenation at an alkyl carbon and allylic carbon, hydroxylation at
aromatic carbon by means of Fenton's reagent, formation of cyclic ethers with Pb (OAC)4,
Hunsdiecker reaction, Kolbe reaction, Reed reaction and Sandmayer reaction.

NIT-II: Elimination Reactions

Mechanisms of E2, El, and E1CB, factors-effects of substrate,attacking base, leaving group and
 medium. Stereochemistry of eliminations in acyclic and cyclic systems. Saytzeff elimination,
Hoffman elimination and pyrolytic elimination.

UNIT-III: Addition Reactions

Addition to carbon-carbon multiple bonds- Addition reactions involving electrophiles, nucleophiles
and free radicals, cyclic mechanisms. Stereochemistry and reactivity. Hydrogenation of double and triple
bonds, Birch reduction, Hydroboration, Michael reaction, Prins reaction. Addition of oxygen and N2O
Addition to carbon-hetero atom multiple bonds: Mechanism and reactivity.Reductions of carbonyl
compounds, carboxylic acids, esters, nitriles. Addtion of Grignard reagents, Mannich reaction,
Reformatsky reaction, Tollen's reaction, Wittig reaction,

UNIT-IV: Pericyclic reactions:

Molecular Orbital Symmetry, MO diagrams of ethylene, 1,3 Butadiene, 1,3,5- Hexatriene and
allyl system. Woodward- Hoffman correlation diagram method, Frontier molecular orbital
approach (FMO) and Perturbation molecular orbital approach (PMO) for the explanation of
pericyclic reactions under thermal and photochemical conditions. Classification of pericyclic
reactions: Electrocyclic Reactions: Conrotatory and Dis rotatory motions. 4n 𝜋 and 4n+2 𝜋
electrons systems. Cycloadditions: Antarafacial and Suprafacial additions. 2+2, 4+2
cycloadditions and chelotropic reactions.
Sigmatropic rearrangements
Suprafacial and Antarafacial shifts of H, Sigmatropic shift involving carbon moieties (1,3),
(1,5), (3,3) and (5,5) sigmatropic rearrangements. Claisen, Cope, Oxy-cope and aza- Cope
rearrangements. Ene reaction.

UNIT-V: Organic Photochemistry:

Photochemistry of carbonyl compounds- n-π*and π-π* transitions. Norrish type I and Norrish
type II cleavages. Patterno-Buchi reactions, Photoreduction, Photo chemistry of α,ß- unsaturated
ketones, photochemistry of enones and cyclohexadienones. Photochemistry of unsaturated
systems (Olefins): cis-trans isomerisation, dimerization, and addition.Acetylenes- dimerisation.
Photochemistry of 1,3 butadienes, di-π-methane rearrangement.Photochemistry of aromatic
compounds – 1,2, 1,3, and 1,4- additions. Photo-Fries rearrangement, Photo- Fries reactions
of anilides.

Text Books:
1. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions Mechanisms and Structure by Jerry March, Mc.Graw Hill
and Kogakush.
2. Molecular reactions and Photochemistry by Charles Dupey and O. Chapman, PrenticeHall.
3. Pericyclic reactions by S.N. Mukharji, Mcmilan.
4. Mechanisms and Theory in Organic Chemistry by T.H. Lowery and K.S.Richgardson.
5. The modern structural theory in Organic Chemistry by L.N.Ferguson, Pretice Hall
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-III

PAPER II- ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY

Course Objectives:

CO 1: Acquire the knowledge of UV, Infrared, NMR and Mass Spectrocopic techniques and
structural elucidation of organic compounds using the data obtained
CO 2: Understand UV, Infrared, NMR and Mass Spectrocopic techniques and structuralelucidation of
organic compounds using the data obtained
CO 3: Apply the knowledge and understanding of new situations UV, Infrared, NMR and Mass
Spectrocopic techniques and structural elucidation of organic compounds using the data obtained
CO 4: Develop interest in the areas of UV, Infrared, NMR and Mass Spectrocopic techniques and
structural elucidation of organic compounds using the data obtained

Learning Outcomes: At the end of the course, the learners should be able to:

LO 1: Explain UV, Infrared, NMR and Mass Spectrocopic techniques and structuralelucidation of
organic compounds using the data obtained
LO 2: Interpret UV, Infrared, NMR and Mass Spectrocopic techniques and structuralelucidation of
organic compounds using the data obtained
LO 3: Compare UV, Infrared, NMR and Mass Spectrocopic techniques and structuralelucidation of
organic compounds using the data obtained
LO 4: Analyse UV, Infrared, NMR and Mass Spectrocopic techniques and structuralelucidation of
organic compounds using the data obtained
LO 5: Solve UV, Infrared, NMR and Mass Spectrocopic techniques and structuralelucidation of
organic compounds using the data obtained
LO 6: Identify UV, Infrared, NMR and Mass Spectrocopic techniques and structuralelucidation of
organic compounds using the data obtained
LO 7: Apply UV, Infrared, NMR and Mass Spectrocopic techniques and structuralelucidation of
organic compounds using the data obtained

COURSE CONTENT

UNIT-I: UV SPECTROSCOPY:
UV spectra of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds, α-diketones , β-diketones, enediones and
quinines. Applications of UV Specroscopy-study of isomerism, determination of strength of
hydrogen bonding and conformations of α-substituted cyclohexanones. Steric effect in
biphenyls.
 UNIT-II: Infrared Spectroscopy:
Characteristic vibrational frequencies of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds,
alcohols, ethers, phenols, amines, carbonyl compounds, esters, amides, carboxylic acids,
anhydrides, lactones, lactums, nitriles and conjugated carbonyl compounds. Effect of hydrogen
bonding and solvent on vibrational frequencies.

UNIT-III: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H NMR):

Nuclear spin, resonance, satuaration, shielding of magnetic nuclei, chemical shifts and its
measurements, factors affecting chemical shift, chemical and magnetic equivalence of spins,
spin-spin coupling, integration, the coupling constant, types of spin-spin couplings, factors
influencing coupling constants, first-order and non-first order spectra, spin system notations
(ABX, AMX, ABC, A2B2 etc.). Simplification of non-first order spectra- use of higher
magnetic fields, nuclear magnetic double resonance and contact shift reagents. Deuterium
exchange, Nuclear Overhauser Effect difference spectra, Study of dynamic processes by
Variable temperature (VT) NMR, restricted rotation DMF, cyclohexane ring inversion

UNIT-IV: Mass spectroscopy:

Basic Principles, instrumentation, isotope abundance, the molecular ion, metastable ions, base
peak, fragment ions, even-electron rule and nitrogen rule. McLafferty rearrangement, ortho
effect. retro-Diels- Alder reaction, Fragmentation processes- fragmentation associated with
various functional groups (alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons,
alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes , ketones, esters , carboxylic acids, amides, amines, alkyl
chlorides and alkyl bromides.

UNIT-V: Application of UV, IR, NMR and MASS

Structural elucidation of Organic compounds by a combined application of the UV, IR, NMR and MASS
spectral data.

Text Books:
1. Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds by RM Silverstein, G C Bassler andT B Morrill
2. Organic Spectroscopy by William Kemp
3. Spectroscopic methods in Organic chemistry by DH Williams and I Fleming
4. Modern NMR techniques for chemistry research by Andrew B Derome
5. NMR in chemistry - A multinuclear introduction by William Kemp
6. Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds by P S Kalsi
7. Introduction to organic spectroscopy by Pavia
8. Carbon-13 NMR for organic chemists by GC Levy and O L Nelson
9. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Basic principles by Atta-ur-Rahman
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-III

PAPER III – ORGANIC SYNTHESIS

Course Objectives: To make the students

CO 1: Acquire the knowledge of formation of C-C and C=C bonds, organic polymers, unactivated
C-H bonds, Asymmetric Synthesis
CO 2: Understand formation of C-C and C=C bonds, organic polymers, unactivated C-H bonds,
Asymmetric Synthesis
CO 3: Apply the knowledge and understanding of formation of C-C and C=C bonds, organic
polymers, unactivated C-H bonds, Asymmetric Synthesis to new situations
CO 4: Develop interest in the areas of formation of C-C and C=C bonds, organic polymers,
unactivated C-H bonds, Asymmetric Synthesis

Learning Outcomes: At the end of the course, the learners should be able to:

LO 1: Explain formation of C-C and C=C bonds, organic polymers, unactivated C-H bonds,
Asymmetric Synthesis
LO 2: Interpret formation of C-C and C=C bonds, organic polymers, unactivated C-H bonds,
Asymmetric Synthesis
LO 3: Compare formation of C-C and C=C bonds, organic polymers, unactivated C-H bonds,
Asymmetric Synthesis
LO 4: Analyse formation of C-C and C=C bonds, organic polymers, unactivated C-H bonds,
Asymmetric Synthesis
LO 5: Solve formation of C-C and C=C bonds, organic polymers, unactivated C-H bonds,
Asymmetric Synthesis
LO 6: Identify formation of C-C and C=C bonds, organic polymers, unactivated C-H bonds,
Asymmetric Synthesis
LO 7: apply formation of C-C and C=C bonds, organic polymers, unactivated C-H bonds,
Asymmetric Synthesis

COURSE CONTENT

UNIT-I: Formation of Carbon-Carbon (C-C) single bonds:

Alkylations via enolate anions-1,3-diarbonyl and related compounds, direct alkylation of simple
enolates, imine and hydrozone anions, enamines. The aldol reaction, umpolung (dipole
inversion). Via Organometallic reagents - organ palladium, organo nickel and organo copper
reagents
 UNIT-II: Formation of carbon-carbon double bonds:
β- Elimination reactions, Pyrolytic syn eliminations, alkenes form hydrazones, 1,2-diols, sulfones,
sulphoxide-sulphonate rearrangement, the Wittig and related reactions

UNIT-III: Organic Polymers

Introduction to organic polymers, general properties and classification of polymers. Methods of
polymerization: (a) Addition polymerization-Definition, synthesis and applications,
vulcanization. (b) Condensation polymerization- Definition, synthesis and applications. Radical
polymerization. (With at least two examples in each category)

UNIT-IV: Reactions of unactivated carbon-hydrogen bonds

Unactivated carbon-hydrogen bonds: Definition, mechanism and synthetic applications- The
Hoffmann-Loeffler-Freytag reaction(HLF reaction)-cyclisation reactions of Nitrenes-the Barton
reaction-Photolysis of organic hypohalites, hypochlorites, hypobromites and hypoiodites,

UNIT-V: Asymmetric Synthesis

Topocity – Prochirality – Substrate selectivity – Diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity –
Substrate controlled methods – use of chiral substrates – examples Auxiliary controlled methods
– Use of chiral auxiliaries – Chiral enolates – alkylation of chiralimines-Reagent controlled
methods – Use of chiral reagents – Asymmetric oxidation – Sharpless epoxidation
– Asymmetric reduction – borate reagents.

Text Books:

1. Some Modem Methods of Organic Synthesis W. Carothers, Third Edition, CambridgeUniversity Press,
Cambridge, 1988.
2. Modern Synthetic Reactions, Herbert O. House, Second Edition, W.A. BenzamineInc. Menio Park,
California, 1972.
3. Principle of Organic Synthesis- R.O.C. Norman and J. M. Coxon.(ELBS)
4. Advanced organic chemistry part A & B; Fourth edition; Francis A Cary and Richard
J. Sundberg; Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publisher New York, 2000.
5. Organic chemistry Jonathan Clayden, Nick Geeves, Stuart Warren, 2nd Edition, 2012, Oxford
University Press.
6. Stereochemistry of organic compounds — Principles & Applications by D Nasipuri.
7. Stereochemistry of Carbon compounds by Ernest L Eliel & Samuel H. wilen.
8. Stereochemistry: Conformation & Mechanism by P S Kalsi.
9. The third dimension in organic chemistry, by Alan Bassendale.
10. Stereo selectivity in organic synthesis by R S Ward.
11. Asymmetric synthesis by Nogradi.
12. Asymmetric organic reactions by J D Morrison and H S Moschcr.
13. Principles in Asymmetric synthesis by Robert E. Gawley & JEFFREY AUBE.
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-III

PAPER IV – CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS

Course Objectives:

CO 1: Acquire the knowledge of isolation, structural elucidation, stereochemistry, synthesis and

biological properties of selected antibiotics, terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids and natural pigments
CO 2: Understand isolation, structural elucidation, stereochemistry, synthesis and biological
properties of selected antibiotics, terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids and natural pigments
CO 3: Apply the knowledge and understanding of new situations isolation, structural elucidation,
stereochemistry, synthesis and biological properties of selected antibiotics, terpenes, alkaloids,
flavonoids and natural pigments
CO 4: Develop interest in the areas of isolation, structural elucidation, stereochemistry, synthesis and
biological properties of selected antibiotics, terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids and natural pigments

Learning Outcomes: At the end of the course, the learners should be able to:

LO 1: Explain isolation, structural elucidation, stereochemistry, synthesis and biological properties of

selected antibiotics, terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids and natural pigments
LO 2: Interpret isolation, structural elucidation, stereochemistry, synthesis and biological properties of
selected antibiotics, terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids and natural pigments
LO 3: Compare isolation, structural elucidation, stereochemistry, synthesis and biological properties of
selected antibiotics, terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids and natural pigments
LO 4: Analyse isolation, structural elucidation, stereochemistry, synthesis and biological properties of
selected antibiotics, terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids and natural pigments
LO 5: Solve isolation, structural elucidation, stereochemistry, synthesis and biological properties of
selected antibiotics, terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids and natural pigments
LO 6: Identify isolation, structural elucidation, stereochemistry, synthesis and biological properties of
selected antibiotics, terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids and natural pigments
LO 7: Apply isolation, structural elucidation, stereochemistry, synthesis and biological properties of
selected antibiotics, terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids and natural pigments
 COURSE CONTENT

UNIT-I: Antibiotics
Isolation, structure elucidation, stereochemistry, synthesis and biological properties of Penicillin
G, Cephalosporin-C, Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline

UNIT-II: Terpenes
Isolation, structure elucidation, stereochemistry, synthesis and biological properties of Terpenes:
Forskolin, Taxol and β-amyrin

UNIT-III: Alkaloids
Isolation, structure elucidation, stereochemistry, synthesis, and biological properties of
Alkaloids: Morphine, Reserpine and Vincristine

UNIT-IV: Flavonoids
Natural Flavonoids: Apigenin, Flavanones - Hesperetin, Isoflavones - Genistein, Flavonol
quercetin, xanthone - Euxanthone.

UNIT-V: Natural Pigments:

Natural Pigments: Introduction structure elucidation and synthesis of quinones-Polyporic acid.
Chlorophyll and haemin.

Text Books:

1. Organic Chemistry, Volume 2, Stereochemistry and chemistry of natural products,

I.L. Finar, 5th Edition. ELBS.
2. Chemical A spects of Biosynthesis, John Mann, Oxford University Press, Oxford,1996
3. Chemistry of Natural Products. A Unified Approach, N.R. Krishnaswamy, University Press (India) Ltd.,
Orient Longman Limited, Hyderabad, 1999.
4. Chemistry of Natural Products, S. V. Bhat, Narosa Publishing House, 6th reprint 2010.
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry & FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
Practical Syllabus for III Semester
(w.e.f. 2015-16 admitted batch)

Practical-I: Multi stage organic synthesis

Multistage Organic synthesis involving three or four stages

Paracetamol, 6-Methyluracil, Methyl orange, p-Aminobenzoic acid, Acridone and 2-Iodobenzoic acid

Practical-II: Chromatography and Viva-Voce

1. Thin layer chromatography: Determination of purity of a given sample and identification of

unknown organic compounds by comparing the R f values of known standards.
2. Separation by column chromatography
3. Viva-voce
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-III

Paper - I–ORGANIC REACTION MECHANISMS, PERICYCLIC REACTIONS AND

PHOTOCHEMISTRY

Answer one question from each Unit

All questions carry equal marks

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks. 80 (16 x 5 =80)

Unit – I
1. a. Explain Neighbouring group assistance in free radical reactions
give examples.
b. Describe hydroxylation at aromatic carbon by Fentons reagent
(or)
a. Discuss about halogenations at an alkyl and allylic carbon with
examples.
b. Write a note on Kolbe and Hunsdiecker reactions.
Unit – II
2. a. Explain E2 elimination reaction with stereo chemical evidence.
b. Describe Saytzeff and Hoffman elimination rules with examples.
(or)
a. Give in a details of E1 and E1CB reactions.
b. Write a note on Pyrolytic elimination reaction with an examples.
Unit – III
3. a. Explain electrophilic addition reactions on carbon- carbon double
bonds.
b. Write the mechanism of Birch reduction and Tollens reactions.
(or)
 a. Describe carbon- hetero atom multiple bonds addition reactions
with examples.
b. Write the mechanism of Mannich reaction and Prins reaction.

Unit – IV
4. a. Sketch MO diagrams of 1,3,5- hexatriene and indicates plane of
symmetry, axis of symmetry.
b. Explain FMOs approach of 4n+2 π electrons system under
photochemical condition.
(or)
a. Describe PMOs approach of 2+2 cyclo addition reaction.
b. Write a note on ( 3,3) and (5,5) sigmatropic rearrangements.
Unit – V
5. a. Explain Patterno-Buchi reaction give examples.
b. Describe photochemistry of Aromatic compounds with examples.
(or)
a. Write about Norrish type-II cleavage reaction with examples.
b. Explain photochemistry of Olefins give examples.
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-III

PAPER-II ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY-I

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80
Answer all questions
Unit-I

1. a. Calculate the UV maxima for the following compounds 16M

i) ii)

iii) iv)
(or)
b. Write a note on the following
i) Chromophore and auxochrome
ii) Solvent shifts in UV spectroscopy
iii) Woodward rules for calculating λmaxfor substituted benzenes
iv) Woodward rules for calculating λmaxof α β unsaturated carbonyl
compounds

Unit-II
2. a. How will you distinguish the following pairs of compounds on the 16 M
basis of IR Spectroscopy
i) Acetic Acid and methyl formate
ii) Salicylic acid and m-hydroxybenzoic acid
iii) CH3CH2COCl and ClCH2CH2OCH3
iv) Aniline and benzamide
(or)
b. v) Discuss the characteristic vibrational frequencies of carboxylic
acids and ketones
 vi) Write a note on fermi resonance and overtones

Unit-III

3 a. Predict the 1H and 13C NMR shifts and multiplicity of the 16 M

following compounds
i)Acetamideii) 3-pentanone
iii) p-toludineiv) propanoic acid
or
b. i) Define chemical shift and explain the factors affecting chemical
shift
ii) NOE

Unit-IV

4. a. i) How do you differentiate between the following pairs of 16 M

compounds by mass spectrometry
a)anisole and p-cresol b)2-butanone and 2-butanal
ii) Give a note onMac-Lafferty rearrangement and Nitrogen rule
(or)
b. Explain the instrumentation of mass spectrometry
c. Explain the mass fragmentation process in alcohols and phenols

Unit-V

5. a. i) An organic compound with molecular formula C4H6O give the 16 M

following spectral data:
UVnm:λmax218,320
IR cm-1 : 285(w), 2740(w), 1700(s), 1650(m)
NMR : 9.7 (d,1H), 6.2 (dd, 1H, J=7 and 17Hz), 6.9 (m, 1H, double
quartet), 2.05 (d, 3H)
Deduce the structure of the compound.

ii) An organic compound having molecular formulaC4H8O3 gives a

PMR spectrum that exhibits a triplet at 𝛿1.27, a quartet at 𝛿3.66, a
singlet 𝛿10.95. the IR spectrum displays a broad absorption in the
range 2500-3000cm-1 and a strong peak near 1715cm-1. Deduce
structure of the compound
(or)
b. Assign the structure of the compound based on the spectral data

iii) Molecular formula : C4H7N

UV :transparent above 200nm
 IR cm-1 : 2941(m),2270(m),1460(m)
1H NMR : 2.72(septet, J=6.7Hz, 1H), 1.33 (doublet, J=6.7Hz, 6H)

iv) Molecular formula : C4H6O

UVnm:λmax218,320
IR cm-1 : 285(w), 2740(w), 1700(s), 1650(m)
NMR : 9.7 (d,1H), 6.2 (dd, 1H, J=7 and 17Hz), 6.9 (m, 1H, double
quartet), 2.05 (d, 3H)
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-III

Paper III – Organic Synthesis

Time: 3hours Max..Marks. 80

Answer ALL questions
All questions carry equal marks.

UNIT-I
1.(a) Give the synthetic applications of Gilman’s reagent with examples

(b) What are Enamines? Describe their importance in organic synthesis.

Or
(a) Explain any three methods of formation of C-C single bonds with examples
(b) Discuss the following reactions with mechanism and synthetic applications
(i) Heck reaction (ii) Suzuki coupling
UNIT-II

2. (a) Describe the Stereochemistry and mechanism of E2 elimination reactions.

(b) What is Peterson’s olefination reaction? Explain
Or
(a) Give the synthetic applications of the following
(i) Wittig reaction (ii) Shapiro reaction
(b) Explain the following with examples

(i) Sulphoxide-sulphenate rearrangement (ii) β-elimination reactions

 UNIT-III
3. (a) What is Radical polymerization? Explain in detail with two examples.
(b)Write notes on Condensation polymers with two examples.

Or
(a) Explain in detail the preparation of any two “Additional polymers”.
(b) Explain the following with chemical equations
(i) Vulcanisation (ii) Nylon-6,6
UNIT-IV
4. (a) Give the mechanism of HLF reaction with two examples.

(b) Write notes on the “Cyclisation of Nitrenes” with an example.

Or
(a) Explain in detail the mechanistic features of ‘Barton reaction’
(b) Describe the synthesis of various target molecules by photolysis of hypoiodites.
UNIT-V
5. (a) What is Diastereoselectivity? Give examples

(b) Write notes on ‘Chiral enolates’ with examples

Or
(a) Explain the following with examples
(i) Enantioselectivity (ii) Stereoselective Diel’s-Alder reaction
(b) Discuss the following in detail
(i) Topocity (ii) Chiral reagents.
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-III

PAPER-IV-Chemistry of Natural Products

Answer one question from each Unit

All questions carry equal marks

Time: 3 Hours
Max.Marks.80 (16x5=80)

UNIT-1

1. a) Describe the structure elucidation of Cephalosporin-C.

b) Write the synthesis of Penicillin-G & biological properties.

(OR)

a) Write about Synthesis, biological properties of Cephalosporin-C.

b) Give a brief note on tetracycline & mention its biological properties.

UNIT-2

2. a) Write the structure elucidation of Forskolin.

b) Explain the structure elucidation of Taxol.

(OR)

a) Write about Synthesis of Taxol.

b) Describe Synthesis of β-Amyrin.

UNIT-3

3. a) Write about Structure elucidation of Morphine.

b) Describe the Structure elucidation of Reserpine.

(OR)
 a) Describe the Synthesis of Vincristine.

b) Write about Synthesis of Morphine.

UNIT-4

4. a) Write about flavones & explain with the Structure elucidation of Apigenin.

b) Describe about flavanones & explain with the Structure of Hesperetin.

(OR)

a) Write a brief note on Isoflavones & explain Synthesis of Genestien.

b) Write a note on Xanthone-Euxanthone & Synthesis of Quercetin.

UNIT-5

5. a) Write a brief note on Chlorophyll.

b) Describe Structure of a haemin.

(OR)

a) Write about Quinones & explain briefly Polyporic acid.

b) How the Structure of Chlorophyll varies from its types. Explain it.
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-IV

PAPER – 1: MODERN SYNTHETIC METHODOLOGY IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Course Objectives:

CO 1: Acquire the knowledge of various modern synthetic methods, multicomponent reactions,

oxidation, reduction and green chemistry related reactions
CO 2: Understand various modern synthetic methods, multicomponent reactions, oxidation,
reduction and green chemistry related reactions
CO 3: Apply the knowledge and understanding of new situations various modern synthetic methods,
multicomponent reactions, oxidation, reduction and green chemistry related reactions
CO 4: Develop interest in the areas of various modern synthetic methods, multicomponent reactions,
oxidation, reduction and green chemistry related reactions

Learning Outcomes: At the end of the course, the learners should be able to:

LO 1: Explain various modern synthetic methods, multicomponent reactions, oxidation, reduction

and green chemistry related reactions
LO 2: Interpret various modern synthetic methods, multicomponent reactions, oxidation, reduction
and green chemistry related reactions
LO 3: Compare various modern synthetic methods, multicomponent reactions, oxidation, reduction and
green chemistry related reactions
LO 4: Analyse various modern synthetic methods, multicomponent reactions, oxidation, reduction and
green chemistry related reactions
LO 5: Solve various modern synthetic methods, multicomponent reactions, oxidation, reduction and
green chemistry related reactions
LO 6: Identify various modern synthetic methods, multicomponent reactions, oxidation, reduction and
green chemistry related reactions
LO 7: Apply various modern synthetic methods, multicomponent reactions, oxidation, reduction and
green chemistry related reactions

COURSE CONTENT

UNIT – I: Modern Synthetic Methods

Baylis-Hillman reaction, Henry reaction, Nef reaction, Kulinkovich reaction, Ritter reaction,
Sakurai reaction, Tishchenko reaction and Ugi reaction. Brook rearrangement; Tebbe olefination.
Metal mediated C-C and C-X coupling reactions: Heck, Stille, Suzuki, Negishi and
Sonogashira, Nozaki-Hiyama, Buchwald-Hartwig, Ullmann coupling reaction.
 UNIT-II: Multi component Reactions:
Passerini reaction, Biginelli reaction, Hantzsch reaction and Mannich reaction. Metathesis:
Grubb’s 1st generation and 2nd generation catalyst, Olefin Cross coupling Metathesis (OCM),
Ring Closing Metathesis (RCM), Ring Opening Metathesis (ROM) and applications.

UNIT-III: Oxidation
Oxidation: Metal based and non-metal based oxidations of (a) alcohols to carbonyls (Chromium,
Manganese, aluminium, silver, ruthenium, DMSO, hypervalent iodine and TEMPO based
reagents). (b) phenols (Fremy’s salt, silver carbonate) (c) alkenes to epoxides (peroxides/per
acids based), Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, Jacobsen epoxidation, Shi epoxidation.(d)
alkenes to diols (Manganese, Osmium based), Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, Prevost
reaction and Woodward modification, (e) alkenes to carbonyls with bond cleavage (Manganese,
Osmium, Ruthenium and lead based, ozonolysis) (f) alkenes to alcohols/carbonyls without bond
cleavage (hydroboration-oxidation, Wacker oxidation, selenium, chromium based allylic
oxidation) (g) ketones to ester/lactones (Baeyer-Villiger)

UNIT-IV: Reduction
Reduction: (a) Catalytic hydrogenation (Heterogeneous: Palladium/ Platinum/ Rhodium/ Nickel
etc; Homogeneous: Wilkinson). Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation. (b) Metal based reductions
using Li/Na/Ca in liquid ammonia, Sodium, Magnesium, Zinc, Titanium and Samarium (Birch,
Pinacol formation, McMurry, Acyloin formation, dehalgenation and deoxygenations) (c)
Hydride transfer reagents-NaBH4 triacetoxyborohydride, L-selectride, K-selectride, Luche
reduction; LiAlH4, DIBAL-H, and Red-Al.

UNIT-V: NEWER METHODS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS:

Green Chemistry: Introduction, principles, atom economy and scope (illustrate with two
examples) Microwave induced reactions: Principle conditions, advantages over conventional
heating methods-applications Ionic liquids: Introduction and applications in organic synthesis
(illustrate with two examples). Nanomaterials: Introduction, methods of preparation,
applications in organic synthesis Phase-transfer catalysis: solid-solid, solid- liquid systems-
mechanism of catalytic action, type of catalysts, application in few important reactions

Text Books:
1. Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis W. Carothers, Third Edition, CambridgeUniversity Press,
Cambridge, 1988.
2. F. A. Cary and R. I. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part A and B, 5thEdition, Springer, 2009.
3. M. B. Smith, Organic Synthesis, 2nd Edition, 2005
4. J. Tsuji, Palladium Reagents and Catalysts, New Perspectives for the 21st Century, John Wiley & Sons,
2003.
5. I. Ojima, Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis, 2nd edition, Wiley−VCH, New York, 2000.
6. J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren and P. Wothers, Organic Chemistry, OxfordUniversity Press, 2001.
7. R. Noyori, Asymmetric Catalysis in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, 1994.
8. L. Kuerti and B. Czako, Strategic Applications of named Reactions in OrganicSynthesis Elsevier
Academic Press, 2005.
9. Green chemistry, Theory and Practical, Paul T.Anastas and John C.Warner.
10. New trends in green chemistry By V.K.Ahulwalia and M.Kidwai.
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-IV

PAPER II - ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY AND STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS

Course Objectives:

CO 1: Acquire the knowledge of 13C and Heteronuclear, 2D NMR and Instrumentation, ESR, ORD
and CD spectroscopy and structural determination of natural products by spectroscopy
CO 2: Understand 13C and Heteronuclear, 2D NMR and Instrumentation, ESR, ORD and CD
spectroscopy and structural determination of natural products by spectroscopy
CO 3: Apply the knowledge and understanding of new situations 13C and Heteronuclear, 2D NMR
and Instrumentation, ESR, ORD and CD spectroscopy and structural determination of natural
products by spectroscopy
CO 4: Develop interest in the areas of 13C and Heteronuclear, 2D NMR and Instrumentation, ESR,
ORD and CD spectroscopy and structural determination of natural products by spectroscopy

Learning Outcomes: At the end of the course, the learners should be able to:

LO 1: Explain 13C and Heteronuclear, 2D NMR and Instrumentation, ESR, ORD and CD spectroscopy
and structural determination of natural products by spectroscopy
LO 2: Interpret 13C and Heteronuclear, 2D NMR and Instrumentation, ESR, ORD and CD spectroscopy
and structural determination of natural products by spectroscopy
LO 3: Compare 13C and Heteronuclear, 2D NMR and Instrumentation, ESR, ORD and CD
spectroscopy and structural determination of natural products by spectroscopy
LO 4: Analyse 13C and Heteronuclear, 2D NMR and Instrumentation, ESR, ORD and CD
spectroscopy and structural determination of natural products by spectroscopy
LO 5: Solve 13C and Heteronuclear, 2D NMR and Instrumentation, ESR, ORD and CD
spectroscopy and structural determination of natural products by spectroscopy
LO 6: Identify 13C and Heteronuclear, 2D NMR and Instrumentation, ESR, ORD and CD
spectroscopy and structural determination of natural products by spectroscopy
LO 7: Apply 13C and Heteronuclear, 2D NMR and Instrumentation, ESR, ORD and CD spectroscopy
and structural determination of natural products by spectroscopy

COURSE CONTENT
UNIT-I: 13C NMR spectroscopy
Introduction, 13C-chemical shifts, factors affecting the chemical shifts, chemical shifts of
organic compounds. Calculation of chemical shifts of alkanes, alkenes and aromatic compounds.
Types of 13C NMR spectra: Proton-coupled, proton- decoupled and OFF- resonance decoupled
(ORD) spectra, DEPT. 13C-NMR solvents:
 UNIT-II: Heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy & Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
(ESR): Heteronuclear couplings: 13C-1H, 13C-D, 13C-19F, 13C-31P.1H-D, 1H-19F, 1H-31P, 1H-15N
ESR Spectroscopy: Principles, hyperfine splitting

UNIT-III: NMR Instrumentation, 2D-NMR techniques

NMR Instrumentation: Types of NMR Spectrometers-Continuous Wave (CW)-NMR, Fourier
Transform (FT)-NMR, NMR solvents, sample preparation
2D-NMR techniques: Principles of 2D NMR, Correlation spectroscopy (COSY) HOMO
COSY (1H-1H COSY), Hetero COSY (1H, 13C COSY, HMQC), long range 1H,13C COSY
(HMBC), NOESY and 2D-INADEQUATE experiments and their applications.

UNIT-IV: Optical Rotatory Dispersion (ORD) and CD Spectroscopy:

Optical rotation, circular birefringence, and circular dichroism and Cotton effect. Plain curves and
anomalous curves. Empirical and semiempirical rules-The axial haloketone rule, the octant rule,
Application of the rules to the study of absolute configuration and conformations of organic molecules.

UNIT-V: Structure Determination of Natural Products by Spectral Methods

Sructure elucidation - Spectroscopic techniques IR, UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, COSY,
HETEROCOSY, and MS- natural products - Examples, flavones - Apigenin, flavanones-
Hesperetin, isoflavones - Genistein, coumarins-7-hydroxycoumarin, alkaloids - morphine,
quinine, terpenoids - (-)-Menthol, Steroids - stigmasterol, Glycosides - salicin (Alcoholic β-
glucoside)

Text books:

1. Spectroscopy, fourth edition, D. L Pavia, G. M Lampman CENGAGE Learning, 2012

2. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry. Forth Edition D. M. Williams and I. Fleming Tata -
McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1990. For all spectral methods except ORD and CD and ESR.
3. Organic Spectroscopy, Second Edition, W. Kemp, ELBS Macmillan, 1987 for ORD and CD and ESR.
4. Chemistry of natural products, S. V. Bhat, Narosa Publishing House, 6 th reprint 2010 (For IV th unit)
5. Applications of absorption spectroscopy of Organic Compounds J.R. Dyer, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi, 1984.
6. Spectrometric identification of Organic Compounds, Fourth Edition, R.M. Silverstein: G.C.Vassiellr and
T.C. Merill, Johne Willey, Singapore, 1981.
7. For ORD and CD "Applications of Optical rotation and Circular Dichroism", G.C. Barret, in "Elucidation
of Organic structures by Physical and Chemical Methods" Part I (Eds)
8. K.W. Bentley and G.W.Kirty John Wiley, 1972, Chapter VIII (only those aspects mentioned in the
syllabus).
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-IV

PAPER – III: DESIGNING ORGANIC SYNTHESIS AND SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS OF

ORGANO- BORANES AND SILANES
Course Objectives:
CO 1: Acquire the knowledge of the principles of disconnection approach, synthetic strategies
for one group and two group disconnection, organoboranes and organosilanes
CO 2: Understand the principles of disconnection approach, synthetic strategies for one group
and two group disconnection, organoboranes and organosilanes
CO 3: Apply the knowledge and understanding of new situations the principles of disconnection
approach, synthetic strategies for one group and two group disconnection, organoboranes and
organosilanes
CO 4: Develop interest in the areas of the principles of disconnection approach, synthetic
strategies for one group and two group disconnection, organoboranes and organosilanes

Learning Outcomes: At the end of the course, the learners should be able to:

LO 1: Explain the principles of disconnection approach, synthetic strategies for one group and
two group disconnection, organoboranes and organosilanes
LO 2: Interpret the principles of disconnection approach, synthetic strategies for one group
and two group disconnection, organoboranes and organosilanes
LO 3: Compare the principles of disconnection approach, synthetic strategies for one group
and two group disconnection, organoboranes and organosilanes
LO 4: Analyse the principles of disconnection approach, synthetic strategies for one groupand
two group disconnection, organoboranes and organosilanes
LO 5: Solve the principles of disconnection approach, synthetic strategies for one group and
two group disconnection, organoboranes and organosilanes
LO 6: Identify the principles of disconnection approach, synthetic strategies for one group and
two group disconnection, organoboranes and organosilanes
LO 7: Apply the principles of disconnection approach, synthetic strategies for one group and
two group disconnection, organoboranes and organosilanes

COURSE CONTENT

UNIT-I: Disconnection Approach – Principles Introduction, Terminology: Retrosynthesis, Target

Molecule (TM), synthon, synthetic equivalent,functional group interconversion (FGI). Linear and
convergent synthesis. Criteria for selection oftarget . Order of events in retrosynthesis with reference to
Salbutamol, Proparcaine and Dopamine. Chemoselectivity, Regioselectivity, reversal of polarity and
cyclizations. Protecting groups- Principles of protection of alcohols, amine, carbonyl and carboxyl groups
 UNIT-II: Synthetic Strategies - One group Disconnections[12 Hours] Introduction to one group
disconnections: C-C disconnection-alcohols and carbonyl compounds; C-X disconnections- alcohols and
carbonyl compounds and sulphides two group C-C and C-X Disconnections.

UNIT-III: Synthetic Strategies - Two group Disconnections [12 Hours] Introduction to Two group C-
C disconnections; Diels-Alder reaction, 1,5- difunctionalised compounds, Michael addition and Robinson
annulation. Two group C-X disconnections; 1, 1- difunctionalised, 1, 2-difunctionalised and 1, 3-
difunctionalised compounds. Control in carbonyl condensations, explanation with examples oxanamide
and mevalonic acid.

UNIT –IV: Organoboranes

Hydroboration- Preparation of Organoboranes. Reagents – dicylohexyl borane, disiamyl borane, thexyl
borane, 9-BBN and mono-, di-isopinocamphenyl borane. Functional group transformations of Organo
boranes-Oxidation, protonolysis and rearrangements. Formation of carbon-carbon-bonds viz organo
boranes- carbonylation, cyanoboration.

UNIT –V: Organosilanes

Preparation and synthetic applications of trimethylsilyl chloride, dimethyl-t-butylsilyl chloride,
trimethylsilylcyanide, trimethylsilyliodide and trimethylsilyltriflate. Protection of functional
groups - Trimethylsilylethers, Silylenolethers. Synthetic applications of α-silyl carbanions, β-
silyl carbonium ions. Peterson's olefination.

Text Books:
1. Organic syntheses via boranes / Herbert C. Brown; with techniques by Gary W. Kramer,
2. Alan B. Levy, M. Mark Midland. New York : Wiley, 1975
3. Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis W. Carothers, Third Edition, CambridgeUniversity Press,
Cambridge, 1988.
4. Organic Synthesis: The disconnection approach, S. Warrant John Wiley & sons, NewYork, 1984.
5. Modern Synthetic Reactions, Herbert O. House, Second Edition, W.A. BenzamineInc. Menio Park,
California, 1972.
6. Principle of Organic Synthesis- R.O.C. Norman and J. M. Coxon.(ELBS)
7. Organic Synthesis: Special techniques. V.K.Ahulwalia and Renu Aggarwal.
8. Organic Synthesis by C Willis and M Willis
9. Problems on organic synthesis by Stuart Warren
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-IV

PAPER IV-DRUG DESIGN AND DRUG CHEMISTRY

Course Objectives:

CO 1: Acquire the knowledge of drugs, their classification, drug metabolism and drug
development, Structure Activity Relationship in drugs, antineoplastic drugs, cardiovascular
drugs, oral hypoglycaemic drugs, local anti-infective and antiviral drugs
CO 2: Understand drugs, their classification, drug metabolism and drug development, Structure
Activity Relationship in drugs, antineoplastic drugs, cardiovascular drugs, oral hypoglycaemic
drugs, local anti-infective and antiviral drugs
CO 3: Apply the knowledge and understanding of new situations drugs, their classification,
drug metabolism and drug development, Structure Activity Relationship in drugs, antineoplastic
drugs, cardiovascular drugs, oral hypoglycaemic drugs, local anti-infective and antiviral drugs
CO 4: Develop interest in the areas of drugs, their classification, drug metabolism and drug
development, Structure Activity Relationship in drugs, antineoplastic drugs, cardiovascular
drugs, oral hypoglycaemic drugs, local anti-infective and antiviral drugs

Learning Outcomes: At the end of the course, the learners should be able to:

LO 1: Explain drugs, their classification, drug metabolism and drug development, Structure
Activity Relationship in drugs
LO 2: Interpret drugs, their classification, drug metabolism and drug development, Structure
Activity Relationship in drugs
LO 3: Compare drugs, their classification, drug metabolism and drug development, Structure
Activity Relationship in drugs
LO 4: Analyse drugs, their classification, drug metabolism and drug development, Structure
Activity Relationship in drugs
LO 5: Solve drugs, their classification, drug metabolism and drug development, Structure
Activity Relationship in drugs
LO 6: Identify drugs, their classification, drug metabolism and drug development, Structure
Activity Relationship in drugs
LO 7: Apply drugs, their classification, drug metabolism and drug development, Structure
Activity Relationship in drugs

COURSE CONTENT

UNIT I: Introduction to Drugs

General Classification, nomenclature, drug metabolism. Development of drugs: Procedure
followed in drug design, concepts of lead compound lead modification, concept of prodrugs,
Structure Activity Relationship (SAR)-factors affecting bio-activity-resonance, inductive effect,
isosterism, bio-isosterism, spatial considerations, Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships
(QSAR)-Concepts of drug receptors. Elementary treatment of drug receptor interactions.
Physico-chemical parameters: lipophilicity, partition coefficient, electronic ionization constants,
steric, Shelton and surface activity parameters and redox potentials.

UNIT II: Antineoplastic Agents:

Introduction, classification-alkylating agents- mechanism and mode of action, nitrogen mustards-
synthesis, properties, uses and dosage - Chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide and melphalan.
Antimetobolites- synthesis, properties, uses and dosage-pyrimidine analogues-5- flurouracil,
purine analogues-6-mercaptopurine, folic acid analogues-Methotrexate. Antibiotics-structure,
properties and dosage-Doxorubicin, Mitomycin.

UNIT III: Cardiovascular Drugs: Introduction, cardiovascular diseases, drug inhibitors of

peripheral sympathetic function, central intervention of cardiovascular output. Direct acting
arteriolar dilators. Synthesis of amyl nitrate, sorbitrate, diltiazem, quinidine, verapamil,
methyldopa, atenolol, oxyprenolol.
 UNIT IV: Oral Hypoglycaemic Drugs:
Introduction, Classification, Sulphonylureas- synthesis, mode of action, properties, uses and
dosage- tolbutamide, glipizide. Biguanides- synthesis, mode of action, properties, uses and
dosage-Metformin. α-glucosidage inhibitors- synthesis, mode of action, properties, uses and
dosage- Miglitol. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors- synthesis, mode of action,
properties, uses and dosage-saxagliptin and sitaglipti

UNIT V: Local Anti-infective & Antiviral drugs

Local Anti-infective Drugs: Introduction and general mode of action. Synthesis of sulphonamides,
ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, dapsone, amino salicylic acid, isoniazid, fluconazole, econozole and
chloroquin.
Antiviral Drugs: Introduction, classification based on mechanism of action, Nucleoside or
Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)-Synthesis, metabolism, properties and uses
and dosage-Acyclovir, Zidovudine (Anti-HIV agent). Non-Nucleoside or Nucleotide Reverse
Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)-Synthesis, metabolism, properties and uses and dosage-
Nevirapine, Efavirenz. Protease Inhibitors (PIs)- Synthesis, metabolism, properties and uses
and dosage-Indinavir. CCR5-Inhibitors- Synthesis, metabolism, properties and uses and dosage-
Maraviroc

Text Books:
1. Textbook of medicinal chemistry, Volume1&II,Thirdeditionby V Alagarsamy, CBS-publishers
2. Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, A Gringuage, Wiley-VCH.
3. Wilson and Gisvold's Text Book of Organic Medicinal and PharmaceuticalChemistry, Ed Robert F.
Dorge.
4. An Introduction to Drug Design, S. S. Pandeya and J. R. Dimmock, New AgeInternational.
5. Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Vol-1 (Chapter.-9 and Ch-14), Ed. M. E. Wolff,
John Wiley.
6. Goodman and Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, McGraw-Hill.
7. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, R. B. Silverman, AcademicPress.
Strategies for Organic Drug Synthesis and Design, D. Lednicer, John Wiley
 ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry & FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
Practical syllabus for IV Semester
(w.e.f. 2015-16 admitted batch)

Practical-I: Organic mixture analysis

Separation of two component mixtures by chemical methods and their identification by chemical
reactions — separation by using solvent ether, 5 % aqueous sodium bicarbonate, 5% sodium
hydroxide and dil hydrochloric acid, checking the purity of the two components by TLC,
identification of the compounds by a systematic study of the physical characteristics (mp/bp),
extra elements (nitrogen, halogens and sulfur), solubility, functional groups, preparation of
crystalline derivatives and identification by referring to literature. A minimum of 5 mixtures
should be separated and analyzed by these procedures.
Practical-II: Estimations and Isolation
A) Estimation of the following compounds
i) Glucose ii) Phenol iii) Aniline iv) Aspirin (titrimetry) v) Ibuprofen (titrimetry)
B) Isolation of the following compounds
i) Caffeine from tea leaves (solvent extraction) ii) Piperine from pepper (Soxhlet extraction)
ii) Lycopene from tomato

Books Suggested :

1 A text book of practial Organic chemistry by A.I. Vogel, ELBS and Longman group.

2.Practical Organic chemistry by Mann and Saunders, ELBS and Longman group

3.Laboratory Manual of Organic Chemistry by Raj K Bansal

 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-IV

Paper - I – MODERN SYNTHETIC METHODOLOGY IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Answer one question from each Unit

All questions carry equal marks

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks. 80 (16 x 5 =80)

Unit – I
1. a. Explain Baylis-Hillman reaction give examples.
b. Discuss about Metal mediated C-X coupling reaction with an example.
(or)
a. Write the mechanism of the following :
i) Ritter reaction
ii) Brook rearrangement.
b. Write a note on Metal mediated C-C coupling reaction with an
example
Unit – II
2. a. Briefly explinBiginelli reaction
b. Describe Olefin Cross coupling Metathesis (OCM)
(or)
a. Give in a details of Mannich reaction
b. Write a note on Ring Opening Metathesis (ROM) with an example.
Unit – III
3. a. Describe oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds.
b. Write the mechanism of Jacobsen and Shi epoxidation reactions.
(or)
a. Explain alkenes to carbonyls with bond cleavage reaction with
examples.
b. Give the mechanism of the following:
i) Hydroboration-oxidation
ii) Baeyer-Villiger oxidation

Unit – IV
4. a. Write a note on Heterogeneous hydrogenation give examples
b. Explain DIBAL-H and Red-Al.

(or)
a. Describe Homogeneous hydrogenation give suitable examples.
b. Write a note on Hydride transfer reagents with an examples
 Unit – V
5. a. Explain principles, atom economy and scope of Green Chemistry.
b. Describe any two methods of preparation and applications of Nano
materials
(or)
a. Write about Microwave induced reactions
b. Explain Phase-transfer catalysis give applications.
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-IV

PAPER-II ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY AND STRUCTURE

DETERMINATION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS

Time:3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Answer one question from each Unit
All questions carry equal marks

UNIT-I
1. a. Explain in detail about types of 13C NMR spectra 16M
or
b. Define 13C chemical shift and explain about various factors
affecting chemical shifts

UNIT-II
2. a. Describe about the following 16M
i)13C -19F and ii) 13C – 31P
or
b. Explain in detail about hyperfine splitting

UNIT-III
3. a. Write a note on the following: 16 M
i) CW-NMR
ii) NMR solvents
or
b. Write an account on the following
i) COSY
ii) HETCOR
UNIT-IV
4. a. Explain the following with suitable examples
i) Explain about cotton effect 16 M
ii) Discuss about circular birefringence and circular dichroism

Or
b. Write absolute configuration of R(+)-3-methyl cyclohexanone by
i) the application of octant rule.
ii) Explain about axial halo ketone rule

UNIT-V
5. a. Explain the spectral properties of Genistein and Apigenin 16 M
Or
b. Explain the spectral properties of 7-hydroxycoumarin and Menthol
 MODEL PAPER
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-IV
Paper III – Designing organic synthesis and synthetic applications of organo boranes
and silanes

Answer one question from each Unit

All questions carry equal marks

Time : 3 hrs Max Marks: 80

UNIT-I
5x16=80 M

1. (a) Explain the following with examples

(i) Synthon (ii) Reagent
(b) Discuss “ Reversal of polarity” with two examples
Or
(a) Discuss the order of events involved in retrosynthesis of “Salbutamol”
(b) Describe “convergent synthesis” with examples
UNIT-II
2. (a) Describe one group ‘C-C’ disconnections of alcohols with examples.
(b) Explain C-X one group disconnections of carbonyl with examples
Or
(a) Discuss one group ‘C-X ‘ disconnections of sulphides with examples
(b) Write a general note on two group ‘C-C’ and ‘C-X’ disconnections with examples
UNIT-III
3. (a) Explain two group ‘C-X’ disconnections in 1,1-, 1,2- and - difunctionalised
compounds with examples.
(b) Explain the control in “carbonyl condensations” with examples
Or
(a) Describe the disconnections approach of oxanamide and mevalonic acid
(b) Explain the retrosynthesis involved in “Michael addition” reactions with examples
UNIT-IV
4. (a) What is Hydroboration ? Explain with examples
(b) Write the synthetic utility of the following
(i) thexyl borane (ii) 9 - BBN
Or
(a) Explain Hydroboration - carbonylation with examples
(b) Discuss formation of C-C single bonds through organoboranes with examples
UNIT-V
5. (a) Describe the synthetic importance of ‘Trimethyl silyl chloride’ with examples
(b) Explain ‘Petersons olefination’ reaction with examples
Or
(a) Give the synthetic applications of ‘α-silyl carbanions’ with examples
(b) Explain the Organosilanes as protecting groups in organic synthesis.
 MODEL PAPER
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY
Department of Organic Chemistry &FDW
Revised Syllabus for Organic Chemistry Specialization
(With effect from the Admitted batch of 2021-2022 Academic Year)
SEMESTER-IV
PAPER-IV- Drug Design and Drug Chemistry

Answer one question from each Unit

All questions carry equal marks

Time: 3 Hours
Max.Marks.80 (16x5=80)

1. a) (i) What are Physicochemical parameters of a drug? Explain in brief the

following parameters? a) Surface Activity b) Redox potential

(ii) What is a Prodrug? Explain its advantages with suitable examples?

(OR)
b) (i) Explain Structure Activity Relationship (SAR)? Describe the effect of
Resonance and Bio-isosterism on bio-activity?

(ii) Explain the concept of Drug Receptor Interactions?

2. a) (i) What are Nitrogen Mustards? Explain the Synthesis, Mode of action,

Properties, Uses and dosage of a)Melphalan b) Chlorambucil.

(ii) What are Antibiotics? Explain the synthesis, Mode of action, Properties,
uses and dosage of a) Mitomycin b) Doxorubicin.
(OR)
b) (i) Explain the synthesis, mode of action, Properties, Uses and dosage of
a) Methotrexate b) 5-Flourouracil.

(ii) Explain the Synthesis, mode of action, Properties, Uses of

a) Cyclophosphamide b) 6-Mercaptopurine.

3. a) (i) Write the Synthesis, mode of action, Properties, uses and dosage of

a) Sorbitrate b) Methyldopa

(ii) What are Cardiovascular drugs and disease? Explain the classification

of Cardiovascular drugs?

(OR)

b) (i) Explain the Synthesis, mode of action, Properties, uses and dosage of
a) Amyl nitrate b) Diltiazem

(ii) Write the synthesis, mode of action, properties and uses of

a) Verapamil b) Quinidine

4. a) (i) What are Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors? Explain the

Synthesis, mode of action, Properties, uses and dosage of
a) Saxagliptin b) Sitagliptin.

(ii) Explain the synthesis, mode of action, properties, uses and dosage of
Miglitol.
(OR)
 b) (i) Explain the Synthesis, mode of action, Properties, uses and dosage of
a) Glipizide b) Tolbutamide

(ii) What are Oral Hypoglycemic drugs? Write the synthesis, mode of
action, properties, uses and dosage of Metformin.

5) a) (i) What are CCR5 inhibitors? Write the Synthesis, metabolism,

properties and uses of Maraviroc?

(ii) What are Local Anti infective Drugs? Write the synthesis of
a) Sulphonamides b) Ciprofloxacin.
(OR)
b) (i) Write the synthesis, metabolism, properties, uses and dosage of
a) Acyclovir b) Zidovudine.

(ii) Write the synthesis of a a) Amino Salicyclic Acid b) Econozole.