ME3100 Solution Tut-1

Tutorial 1
(1) A gas is contained in a piston cylinder mechanism at

an initial pressure of 1 bar. The piston diameter is 15 cm
and it rests on stops initially as shown in the figure. The
piston weight is such that it requires a pressure of 1.2 bar
to be lifted from the stops. The gas is now heated which
causes the piston to rise slowly. After a rise of 10 cm, the
piston touches a linear spring with a stiffness value of 10
N/mm. The heating of the gas is finally stopped when the
spring is compressed by 1 cm. Determine the work
interaction for the gas, piston, spring and the
atmosphere. Also sketch the process undergone by the
gas on a pV diagram and show the four work interactions
mentioned above by hatching the appropriate areas.
Solution: A pressure of 1.2 bar is required to lift the piston. A constant volume
heating process would occur until pressure increases from initial state of 1 bar to
1.2 bar (1-2).
Further heating would make the piston to slowly move upwards maintaining the gas
pressure 1.2 bar until the piston touches the spring (2-3).
With continued heating, as the piston rises up compressing the spring, the gas
pressure will increase linearly (3-4) with volume – force exerted by the spring is
proportional to the piston’s displacement and hence to the volume swept.
Processes undergone by the system
are shown in the figure.
Area of cross section,
A = π(0.15)2/4 = 0.01767 m2.
Volumes at states 1-4 are calculated as:
V1 = A×0.25=0.004417 m3
V2 =A × 0.25=0.004417 m3
V3 = A × 0.35 = 0.00618 m3
V4 = A × 0.36 = 0.00636 m3.
Pressures: p1 = 1 bar, p2 = 1.2 bar = p3

p4 = 1.2 ×105 + 10 (N/mm) × 10 (mm)/A = 125659.3 N/m2.
Work done by the gas, Wgas = 1.2 × 105 × (0.00636 -0.004417) + (5659.3/2) ×
(0.00636 - 0.00618) = 233.16 + 0.509 = 233.67 J.
Work interactions for atmosphere, spring and piston can be calculated from the
shaded areas in the figure. Watm = -1.0 × 105 × (0.00636 - 0.004417) = -194.3 J,
Wpiston = -38.86 J, Wspr = -0.509 J.
(2) Tank A shown in the figure has a volume of 0.4
m3 and contains argon gas at 250 kPa. Cylinder B
contains a frictionless piston of mass such that a
pressure of 150 kPa is required to lift it. The
connecting valve is opened allowing the argon gas
to flow into the cylinder. Eventually the argon gas
reaches a uniform state. Determine (a) the final
pressure (b) the work interaction for the argon gas,
piston and the atmosphere. Take the atmospheric
pressure to be 100 kPa. Any change in the state of
the argon gas is related through pV = constant.
Solution: When the valve is opened enough, argon flows into B by exerting 150
kPa on the piston.
When the pressure in tank A falls to 150 kPa, argon would not flow.
Thus, the final pressure will be 150 kPa (a).
Taking A and B as a system, initial pressure, p1 is 250 kPa and initial volume, V1 is
0.4 m3.
Final pressure, p2 is 150 kPa.
Since pV = constant, p1V1 = p2V2
==> V2 = 250×0.4/150 = 0.66667 m3.
Displacement work occurs at constant pressure of 150 kPa.

(b) Work done by argon gas is Wargon = 150× 1000 × (0.66667 - 0.4) = 40000 J.
Work interaction for the atmosphere is Watm = -100000 × (0.66667 - 0.4) = -

26667 J.
Since 150 kPa is needed to lift the piston which includes 100 kPa of atmospheric
pressure. Thus, the pressure exerted by piston is 50 kPa.
Work interaction for piston is Watm = -50000 × (0.66667 - 0.4) = -13333.5 J.

(4) Consider the insulated vessel, with compartment A (initially evacuated) of
volume 0.5 m3 and separated by a thin membrane from compartment B of volume
0.25 m3 which contains 2 kg of a pure substance (cv = 720 J/kg/K and pv = 286 T)
at a pressure of 700 kPa. The pure substance in compartment B is stirred by a fan
until the membrane ruptures. The membrane is designed to rupture at a pressure
of 2 MPa. Determine (a) the temperature in B when the membrane ruptures (b)
the work done by the fan and (c) final equilibrium temperature and pressure when
the pure substance fills the entire vessel.
Solution: Given: VA = 0.5 m3, VB = 0.25 m3, pB1 =

700 kPa, Cv = 720 J/kg/K and pv = 286 T.
Initial temperature of pure substance in B is got
by p-v-T relationship as 305.95 K.
Membrane ruptures when pressure reaches 2

MPa. Just before the membrane ruptures its
temperature can be determined also using p-v-T
relationship as:
TBf = 2 × 106 × 0.25/(2 × 286) = 874 K.
Since the vessel is insulated,
Q = 0 ==> W = -ΔU = -mBCv(TBf - TBi) = -2 × 720 × (874-305.95) = -818000 J.
Work done by the fan is 818 kJ.
After the diaphragm breaks, consider A and B together as the final system.
The final volume, Vf = 0.5 + 0.25 = 0.75 m3.
Due to the rapid process, there is no heat or work interactions after the rupture.
Therefore, change in internal energy is zero and the temperature remains

constant as 874 K.
Using the p-v-T relationship, pf = 2 × 286 × 874/0.75 = 666570.66 Pa.

(6) Air and N2 are contained in an insulated piston cylinder apparatus as shown in
the figure. The thin rigid wall that separates the two chambers is perfectly
thermally conducting. Initially the air is at 500 kPa and 473 K and N2 is at 1500
kPa and they each occupy 0.01 m3. The air is now compressed slowly till the
pressure of N2 reaches 1580 kPa. Determine the work and heat interaction for the
air and its final temperature. For air and N2, pv = 288 T, cv = 742 J/kg K, where p
is the pressure in N/m2, v is the specific volume in m3/kg, and T is the temperature
in Kelvin. Neglect any internal energy changes in the partition wall.
Solution: Given: pa,1 = 500 kPa, Ta,1 = 473 K, pN2,1 =1500 kPa,
pN2,2 = 1580 kPa, Va,1 = VN2,1 = 0.01 m3.
For air and N2: pv = 288 T and Cv = 742 J/kg.K.
Since rigid partition is perfectly conducting, the temperature in

the nitrogen chamber will be same as that in air: TN2,1 = 473 K.
Masses of air and N2 can be determined using the p-v-T

relationship: ma = 500 × 103 × 0.01/(288 × 473) = 0.0367 kg and
mN2 = 1500 × 103 × 0.01/(288×473) = 0.11011 kg.
For N2 chamber, the final temperature is calculated as TN2,2 =
1580×103×0.01/(0.11011×288) = 498.24 K.
The final temperature of air is same as that of nitrogen.

Therefore, Ta,2 = 498.24 K.
Applying I law for N2: QN2 - WN2 = ΔUN2 ==> QN2 = ΔUN2 = mCvΔT, since W = 0.
Thus, QN2 = 0.11011 × 742 × (498.24 - 473) = 2062.15 J.
The heat lost by air is gained by nitrogen, thus, Qair = -QN2 = -2062.15 J.
Applying first law for air: Qa - Wa = ΔUa ==> Wa = Qa - ΔUa.
Thus, Wa = -2062.15 - 0.0367 × 742 × (498.24 - 473) = -2749.47 J.

(7) One kilogram of Argon (M = 40, cv = 392 J/kg K) at 300 K, 100 kPa is
contained in a rigid tank connected by a valve to another rigid tank containing 0.8
kg of O2 (cv = 696 J/kg K) at 400 K, 500 kPa. Valve is opened and the gases are
allowed to mix until they reach an equilibrium temperature of 360 K. Determine (a)
the volume of each tank (b) final pressure and (c) the heat interaction.
Solution: Given: mAr = 1 kg, MWAr = 40 kg/kmol, Cv,Ar = 392 J/kg.K,

mO2 = 0.8 kg, MWO2 = 32 kg/kmol, Cv,O2 = 696 J/kg.K.
TAr,1 = 300 K, pAr,1 = 100 kPa, TO2,1 = 400 K, pO2,1 = 500 kPa, Tf = 360 K.
VAr,1 = 1 × (8314/40) × 300/100000=0.62355 m3.
VO2,1 =0.8 × (8314/32) × 400/500000 = 0.16628 m3.
Final volume, Vf = 0.62355 + 0.16628 = 0.78983 m3.
MWmix = 1.0/[{1/(1.8 × 40)} +{0.8/(1.8 × 32)}] = 36 kg/kmol.
Rmix = 8314/36 = 230.94 J/kg.K.
Cv,mix = (1/1.8) × 392 + (0.8/1.8) × 696 = 572.11 J/kg.K.
Using equation of state for mixture, pf × 0.78983 = (1 + 0.8) × 230.94 × 360 ==>
pf = 189470 Pa.
Taking both tanks as system, Q – W = ΔU ==> Q = ΔU, since W = 0.
Q = 1.8 × 572.11 × 360 - [(1 × 392 × 300) + (0.8 × 696 × 400)] = 30407.28 J.

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Tutorial 1

(1) A gas is contained in a piston cylinder mechanism at

Pressures: p1 = 1 bar, p2 = 1.2 bar = p3

Displacement work occurs at constant pressure of 150 kPa.

Work interaction for the atmosphere is Watm = -100000 × (0.66667 - 0.4) = -

Work interaction for piston is Watm = -50000 × (0.66667 - 0.4) = -13333.5 J.

Solution: Given: VA = 0.5 m3, VB = 0.25 m3, pB1 =

Membrane ruptures when pressure reaches 2

Work done by the fan is 818 kJ.

The final volume, Vf = 0.5 + 0.25 = 0.75 m3.

Therefore, change in internal energy is zero and the temperature remains

Using the p-v-T relationship, pf = 2 × 286 × 874/0.75 = 666570.66 Pa.

Since rigid partition is perfectly conducting, the temperature in

Masses of air and N2 can be determined using the p-v-T

The final temperature of air is same as that of nitrogen.

Thus, QN2 = 0.11011 × 742 × (498.24 - 473) = 2062.15 J.

Applying first law for air: Qa - Wa = ΔUa ==> Wa = Qa - ΔUa.

Thus, Wa = -2062.15 - 0.0367 × 742 × (498.24 - 473) = -2749.47 J.

Solution: Given: mAr = 1 kg, MWAr = 40 kg/kmol, Cv,Ar = 392 J/kg.K,

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