f\

.1511 Listen and repeat. Then act out.

o
Come on/ If we hurry, we'll If you had woken up earlier, you
make it to the game on time. would have been ready by now.

Relax. If I were you, I wouldn't

be £50 £5tree£5ed.

Use
something which is always
true, laws of nature
-
--- --- -
Type 1 If + any present form future / imperative / can / real - likely to happen in
real (present simple, present may / might / must / the present or future
present continuous, present perfect or could / should + bare
present perfect continuous) infinitive
If he leaves early, he'll be on time for the meeting. If you 're tired, go to bed.
If you have finished your work, we can go for a walk.
t- l f- +- past simple or past
Ty- p-e- -2-+- would I could I might + r ma9inary situation contrary
unreal continuous bare infinitive to facts in the present; also
present used to give advice
If I saw a ghost, I would run away. (but I haven't seen a ghost - untrue in the present)
If I were you, I wouldn't go out that late. (advice)
-----,.--
l
Type 3 If + past perfect or past would / could / might + imaginary situation in the
unreal perfect continuous have + past partiCiple past; also used to express
past I ____---1.____ _ __
regrets and criticism -I'

If I had closed the window, we wouldn't have been robbed. (but I didn 't close the window-
untrue in the past) t
Ilf he hadn't been behaving so badly, well, the teacher wouldn't have punished him. (criticism)
• When the if-clause is before the main clause, we separate the two clauses with a comma.
If you come early, we can go for a walk. BUT We can go for a walk if you come early.
• We do not normally use will, would or should in an if-clause.
If you hurry, you will catch the train. (NOT: !.f ref,) wi!! f:!f,}rr;', ref,} ,,,,«# ... )
• However, we can use will or would after if to make a pOlite request or express insistence or
uncertainty. We can use should after if to talk about something which is possible but not very
likely to happen.
If you will fill in the form, I'll process your application. (Will you please fill in ... - polite request)
If you will not stop shouting, you will have to leave. (If you insist on shouting ... - insistence)
I don't know if I will pass my driving test. (uncertainty)
If I should see her, I'll ask her. (I don 't think it's very likely I will see her)

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o Conditionals - Wishes

• In the if-clause of Type 2 conditionals, we can use were instead of was in all persons. If I
was/w~re you, I would try harder.
• We can use unless instead of if ... not in the if-clause of Type 1 conditionals. The verb is
always in the affirmative after unless. Unless she studies, she won't pass her test. (=if she doesn't
study, he won 't pass her test.) .
• As long as, providing / provided that can be used instead of if.
As long as he's on time, we won't be late for the meeting. (If he's on time ....)
We 'll come by car providing / provided that Dad lends us his. (. .. if Dad lends us ... .)

1 Match the sentences in column A with those in column B to make Type 0

,. conditional sentences as in the example:

~ Leave milk out of the fridge. a You get five .

[II] Put wood in water. b It falls to the ground .
[ill Throw a ball up into the air. c You get purple.
[II] Mix red and blue. d It floats .
[ill Add two and three. e It goes off.

1-e If you leave milk out of the fridge, it goes off.

2 Make Type 1 conditional sentences as in the example:

train it / it learn to obey commands

. it ;tau.tr.ain jt, jt . ~j/j ki3i.rJ1 .to .ob~i/. COmmi3i.lJdB••
2 put something in its mouth / it eat it

3 programme it / it walk

4 touch its head / it wag its tail

5 ask / it questions / it nod or shake its head

6 it hear someone coming / it roar

3 a) Complete the sentences to make Type 2 conditional sentences.

If I met my favourite film star,.La.be.eo...... . 4 If I saw someone cheating in a test,

~ci.t..t;d• ....................................
2 If I lost my pet, ............................ .. 5 If I was able to travel back in time, ..•........

3 If I wanted to lose weight, .................. . 6 If I found €20 outside a shop, ............... .

b) In pairs, compare your answers to What would you do

if you met your favourite If I met my favourite
Ex.3a. film star, I'd ask for
film star?
an autograph. What
about you?

80
 Conditionals - Wishes 0
4 Look at the pictures and the ideas and make Type 3 conditional sentences as in
the example:

not buy / guitar ---> not learn / play

one.
If Jeff hadn't bought a guitar,
he wouldn't have learnt how to
play one.
2 not learn / play guitar ---> not join /
band
3 not join / band ---> not be asked /
play at party
4 not be asked / play at party ---> not

5 Look at the pictures then use the ideas to write conditional sentences. What type
is each sentence?

I passed my 4 Mum is still working.

driving test. My We can 't go to the
father let me park.
borrow his car.

. If. J.I-;qldn't. ptl~~~d.rn;y, dr.ivLn@.t~fj.t...IllY ...

. f~.th{;t; .wouldn't. bi3l.v,t< kt. mt:.borrow hip. ..
. Ctlt; .('TYp(':.3.)............................. .
5 David missed the
2 Plants have to get bus this morning . He
enough sunlight. was late for work.
I
They die.

I must finish my 6 Pour oil into water.

essay first. Then I'll It floats.
come to the
cinema with you.

81
o Conditionals - Wishes

6 Fill in the correct form of the verbs adding will, would or should if necessary.

If you ...... :~h.aLJld .f"<f;f; • •••••• (see) Ann, will you give her this message? (possible but very unlikely)
2 We'll go skiing in the mountains if it ......•...•.•.....•.................•.. (snow). (likely to happen)
3 If he ........................................ (continue) to talk, he'll never learn anything! (insistence)
4 Perhaps I could sit here too if you ................................ (move) over a little. (pOlite request)
5 If you .....•......•.........•...... (give) me a lift, I'll get to my appointment on time. (pOlite request)
6 If I ...•....................... (arrive) earlier than planned, I'll phone you. (possible but very unlikely)

7 Choose the correct word.

You will not be allowed into the building unless / 4 If / Unless you meet Darren, give him my
~ you don't have a security pass.
regards.
2 If / Provided that you book your flight early, you 5 You can 't enter the country providing / unless
will get a seat. you have a passport.
3 As long / If as you follow the instructions 6 You can hire a car in France if / as long you
carefully, you won 't have any difficulties. have a driving licence and you 're over 23.

8 Circle the correct item.

If you go to San Francisco, you the 5 If Nina ...... earlier, we would have gone
Golden Gate Bridge. shopping .
® will see b would see a had come b came
2 If you heat butter, it ...... . 6 If Celine •....• , take a message.
a melts b will melt a will call b calls
3 If we had practised more, we ...... the 7 If I had the time, I ....•. a gym.
competition. a would join b will join
a could win b could have won 8 Unless the weather ..... " we'll have to cancel
4 If you ...... red and yellow, you get orange. the picnic.
a will mix b mix a doesn't improve b improves

9 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

A: I have a really bad toothache. 4 A: Mr Henderson , how do I make pink paint?

B: If I .... .were ..... (be) you, I .. .wouJd. ~et: . B: Well Kim , if you ••......•..... (mix) white
(see) a dentist. and red , you ............... (get) pink.
2 A: Why don't you come out with us tonight? 5 A: What should we do, Tommy?
B: Well , If I .............. (finish) my project B: I'm not sure. If Dad .................. (be)
early, I ............... (give) you a call. here, he ............ (know) what to do.
3 A: I can 't believe you 're late again ! 6 A: Why didn't you tell me that Jennifer is back
B: I'm really sorry. If I ...................... . from Rome?
(not/get stuck) in traffic, I ............. .. B: Because I didn 't know! If I .............. ..
(be) on time. (see) her, I .................. (tell) you!

82
 Conditionals - Wishes 0
10 Make sentences as in the example:

I hurt my arm. I couldn 't play tennis . 4 I have a sore throat. I can 't sing in the school
. Lt.l Mdn't . ~l.irt. lJ1y .qrlJ1,. 1 c.QIJId hqV~...... . choir.
.plqiy~d t.e.1'] IJ Lfj.. ............................ .
2 I get to school late every morning. My teacher is
always angry with me. 5 It's raining. We can't go to the park.

3 I left my wallet at home. I didn't buy the new 6 Our football team didn't play well. It lost the
trainers. match .

11 Complete the following sentences with an appropriate conditional clause.

If I found a wallet in the street, . Ly.,:Ql.i14 .r.e.tl,ln:1.i.t. t.o. i1;!;].ow.m:r.. ......•.......•....................

2 If you drive too fast, ................................ : ........................................... .
3 If you should see Mark this evening, .•••......•.•.••......................•..........•.......••..
4 If you had taken my advice, .........................................•...........................
5 Unless the weather improves, ................................................................... .
6 My father would have bought me a bicycle ........................•..............................
7 He would have been very angry ...................•...................•......•.........•.........
8 If you aren't enjoying the film, .................................................................. .

0" Mixed Conditionals

D~ We can mix Type 2 and Type 3 conditionals.

If-clause Main clause

,.~
Type 2 If he knew her, he would have spoken to her. Type 3
Type 3 If he had found a job, he wouldn't be searching for one now. Type 2
"

12 Rewrite the following as mixed conditional sentences.

They didn't take a map with them. They're lost now .

.If. ttJ~;y. Md.t~k.e.1'] ~ f!'J~p . wit~ .tb~tr.1. tht:y . woJ.J.ldn't. b~. I.o.fjt . r;oy.,:.. ..•.......•..........•.......•
2 Sue is allergic to seafood. She didn't eat paella last night.

3 She didn 't take her coat with her yesterday. She has a terrible cold today.

4 I don't know them well . I didn't speak to them at the party.

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• I •••••••••••••••••••• 1
.
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

5 I didn't study over the weekend. I'm not ready for the test today.

6 Alex hasn 't saved any money. He can 't travel with us to Europe.

83