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REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES I

QUESTIONS FOR TUTORIALS
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Reinforced Concrete Structures I Questions for Tutorials

1. For Enhancement of plain cement concrete in terms of tensile strength which of the following
material need to be added
A. Cement (A) Aggregate (B) Reinforcement (C) Sand

2. The Strength of Reinforced Concrete structures is depends on the following factors

A. Bond between steel and concrete
B. Prevention of concrete of steel bars
C. Thermal expansion
D. All
3. The reinforcement which is inserted in plain concrete makes the structure
A. Strong in tension
B. Prevent temperature
C. Prevent shrinkage stresses
D. All
4. _______________ in concrete is the gradual increase in strain with time in a member subjected
to prolonged stress.
A. Modulus of Elasticity
B. Creep
C. Shrinkage
D. Ductility
5. Which of the following is not the factors that affects the failure of reinforced concrete
structures.
A. Chemical attack
B. Proper construction methods
C. Incorrect selection of materials
D. Error in design calculation and detailing
6. Among the following structural elements, which one is referred to as flexural member?
A. Beam
B. Column
C. Truss
D. Footing
7. Normally, the tensile strength of concrete is about _________________of its compressive
strength
A. 10 to 15%
B. 15 to 20%
C. 20 to 25%
D. 25 to 30%

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8. ______________failure of members due to repeated stress cycles of service loads

A. Creep
B. Fatigue
C. Rupture
D. All
9. Which type of modulus of elasticity is the slope of a line through the origin and through the
point on the curve representing that stress
A. Secant Modulus of Elasticity
B. Initial tangent modulus of Elasticity
C. Tangent Modulus of Elasticity
D. All
10. Strength of concrete with passage of time
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Fluctuates
D. Remains constant
11. The weight of reinforced concrete, is generally taken as
A. 2200 kg/m3
B. 2300 kg/m3
C. 2400 kg/m3
D. 2500 kg/m3
12. Other possible variation such as construction tolerances are allowed by___________________
applies to the strength of material and to the action.
A. Ultimate limit state
B. Limit states
C. Partial factor of safety
D. Combination of action
13. Partial safety factor on concrete stresses is
A. 1.25
B. 1.35
C. 1.45
D. 1.50

14. Structural members that do not requires shear reinforcement are

A. Beams
B. Columns
C. Slabs
D. All

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15. Which type of modulus of elasticity is the slope of a line through the origin and through the
point on the curve representing that stress
A. Secant Modulus of Elasticity
B. Initial tangent modulus of Elasticity
C. Tangent Modulus of Elasticity
D. All
16. What is the ratio of lateral strain to axial strain of a homogeneous material
A. Yield ratio
B. Plastic ratio
C. Hooke’s ratio
D. Poisson’s ratio
17. Which of the following is the assumption in the theory of bending of beams,
A. Material is isotropic
B. Material is homogeneous
C. Each layer is independent to expand or to contract
D. All of the above
18. The forces acting on the bar as shown the given figure introduce

A) Shear Stress
B) Tensile Stress
C) Compressive stress
D) All
19. Stress may be defined as
A. Force per unit length
B. Force per unit volume
C. Force per unit area
D. None
20. The shrinkage in a concrete slab
A. Causes shear cracks
B. Causes tension cracks
C. Causes compression cracks
D. Does not cause any cracking
21. A moment that causes compression on top surface of beam and tension on the bottom surface
is
A. Negative moment
B. Positive moment
C. Both Negative and Positive moment
D. None

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22. Which of the following is the reason for providing compression reinforcements
A. Decrease Ductility
B. Change the mode of failure from tension to compression
C. To increase flexural capacity of the section
D. Increase sustained-load deflection
23. List down some of the structural elements with their definition
24. Write at least five advantages and disadvantage of reinforced concrete structures
25. Write down the five types of Portland cements with explanation
26. What do you understand about compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete?
27. What is stress-strain curve explain it
28. Draw the stress-strain curve for concrete in compression and state each stage of the curve.
29. Define modulus of elasticity and state the three modulus of elasticity types.
30. Write down the tests of concrete during wet concrete and harden concrete.
31. List down the factors Affecting failures of concrete structures
32. Briefly explain the types of loads which the structural designer familiar.
33. Define Analysis and Design, with their difference.
34. Define limit states design.
35. What are the three basic assumptions for flexural theory of reinforced concrete?
36. Flexural failure occurs in three different ways, explain briefly the three different ways of
flexural failures
37. State the basic types of cracks and draw the crack propagations
38. What is the difference between singly reinforced and doubly reinforced beams
39. Define stability of structures and state the two types of structural stabilities
40. What do you understand about degree of indeterminacy?
41. Define degree of freedom
42. What is the difference between Normal Stress, Shear stress and Bearing stress
43. List down the advantage and disadvantage of Indeterminate structures.
44. What is the difference between one way and two ways slabs?
45. Draw the moment-curvature and state each necessary points
46. The ultimate design moment to be resisted by the section given is 185kN.m. Determine the
area of tension reinforcement (As) required given the characteristics material strengths are
fyk=500N/mm2 and fck=25 N/mm2

A. As=1140m2
B. As=1140mm2
C. As=2150mm2
D. As=2150cm2

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47. Determine the ultimate moment of resistance of the cross-section shown below, Given that the
characteristics strengths are fyk=500N/mm2 for reinforcement and fck=25 N/mm2 for concrete

A. M=284kN.m
B. M=384kN.m
C. M=294kN.m
D. M=194kN.m

48. Determine the ultimate moment of resistance of the cross-section shown below, Given that
the characteristics strengths are fyk=500N/mm2 for reinforcement and fck=25 N/mm2 for
concrete

A. M=434kN.m
B. M=443kN.m
C. M=343kN.m
D. M=334kN.m

49. What is the depth of the neutral axis for an under-reinforced beam section whose width is
200mm and effective depth is 357mm, having tensile reinforcement of 3∅24mm bars of S400
grade and concrete of grade C20/25? Use the simplified stress block.
(D) 100.2mm (E) 94.23mm (F) 56.32mm (G) 72.94mm (H) None
50. Two rectangular under-reinforced concrete beam sections X and Y are similar in all aspects
except that the longitudinal compression reinforcement in section Y is 10% more. Which one
of the following is the correct statement?
(A) Section X has less flexural strength and is less ductile than section Y
(B) Section X has less flexural strength but is more ductile than section Y
(C) Sections X and Y have equal flexural strength but different ductility
(D) Sections X and Y have equal flexural strength and ductility

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51. Consider the data on cubic compressive strength of concrete blocks in MPa
49.2 53.90 50.0 44.5 42.2 42.3 32.3 31.3 60.9 47.5

43.5 37.9 41.1 57.6 40.2 45.3 51.7 52.3 45.7 53.7

51.0 45.7 45.9 50.0 32.5 67.2 55.1 59.6 48.6 50.3

45.1 46.8 47.4 38.3 41.5 44.0 62.2 62.9 56.3 35.8

38.3 33.5 48.5 47.4 49.6 41.3 55.2 52.1 34.3 31.6

38.2 46.0 47.0 41.2 39.8 48.4 49.2 32.8 47.9 43.3

49.3 54.5 54.1 44.5 46.2 44.4 45.1 41.5 43.4 39.1

39.1 41.6 43.1 43.7 48.8 37.2 33.6 28.7 33.8 37.4

43.5 44.2 53.0 45.1 51.9 50.6 48.5 39 47.3 48.8

a) Calculate the mean, median, and standard deviation of the first 10 observations
(first row). And, using a 5% confidence interval, determine the characteristic
compressive strength.
b) Calculate the mean, median, and standard deviation of all 90 data, and, using a 5%
confidence interval, determine the characteristic compressive strength.

52. What are design combination of actions according to CES 141 and with examples explain how
equations 6.10, 6.10a, and 6.10b are to be applied.
53. A rectangular reinforced concrete beam of 300mm width and 500mm depth is reinforced with
two 26 bars located 60mm from the compression face. If fck = 30 MPa and fyk = 400 MPa,
what is the beam's design moment capacity, for the following tensile steel areas: (a) A s = 3 32
placed in one layer, (b) As = 6 32 bars placed in two layers. Assume 25mm concrete cover
and 8mm stirrups are used.

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54. Determine the moment resistance of the doubly reinforced section shown in the figure below.
The concrete and steel grades are C20/25 and S460, respectively.
Assume 25mm concrete cover and 8mm stirrups are used

Dimensions are in mm

55. A 7m long simply supported Reinforced Concrete beam is reinforced as shown in the figure
below.
a. Determine the maximum moment carrying capacity of the cross section if materials
C-30/37 concrete and S-500 steel are used.
b. Design the beam for shear considering that the flexural bars continue uninterrupted
in to the support
Assume 25mm concrete cover and 8mm stirrups are used

Fig. Beam cross section @ mid span

56. A rectangular floor system consists of parallel T-beams spaced 3m on centers and spanning
9.6m between supports. The 150mm thick slab is poured monolithically with T-beam webs
having width bw = 350mm, and total depth, measured from the top of slab, of D = 700mm.
The effective depth will be taken 75mm less than the total depth. In addition to its own weight,
each T-beam must carry a superimposed dead load of 2.5 kN/m2 and live load of 10 kN/m2.
Material grades are S-400 and C-30 & Class I work. Determine the required tensile and shear
reinforcement.

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57. A rectangular beam, is to be designed to carry a design shear force of V Ed = 110kN. The width
of the beam is 250mm and is made using concrete fck = 25MPa. It is reinforced with 220 at
top and 424 at bottom for flexure, these bars continue uninterrupted in to the support.
a) Determine the minimum required depth when pair legged stirrups of 8 c/c 250mm are
used.
b) Determine the spacing of stirrups required when the gross depth of the beam is 400mm,
assume fyk = 300MPa for both types of reinforcement.
c) Determine also min d below which the usage of RC is not possible.

58. A simply supported beam has a 6-m span and carries a uniform dead load of 15 𝑘𝑁/𝑚, a
uniform live load of 7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 and concentrated live load at midspan of 35 𝑘𝑁. Design the beam
if 𝑏 = 300 𝑚𝑚, 𝑓 = 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎, and 𝑓 = 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎.

59. A singly reinforced rectangular beam is to be designed, with effective depth approximately 1.5
times the width, to carry a service live load of 22 KN/m in addition to its own weight, on 7.3m
span. With 𝑓 = 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝑓 = 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎, determine the required dimensions b, d, and D,
and steel reinforcing bars. Include sketch of the designed cross section. Use 8 stirrups.
60. A beam with a span of 7 𝑚 between supports has an overhanging extended part of 2 𝑚 on one
side only. The beam carries a uniform dead load of 30 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 and a uniform live load of
25 𝑘𝑁/𝑚. Design the reinforced rectangular section to be used for the entire beam. Select steel
for positive and negative moments. Use 𝑓 = 25 𝑀𝑃𝑎 concrete and 𝑓 = 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎
reinforcement and 𝑏 = 300 𝑚𝑚.

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61. Determine the necessary reinforcement for a T-section that has a flange width 𝑏 = 1000 𝑚𝑚,
flange thickness 𝑡 = 100 𝑚𝑚, and web width 𝑏 = 250 𝑚𝑚 to carry a factored moment of
700 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚. Given: 𝑓 = 25 𝑀𝑃𝑎 concrete and 𝑓 = 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎 reinforcement.
62. The two-span continuous beam shown in Fig. below is subjected to a uniform dead load of
30 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 and a uniform live load of 15 𝑘𝑁/𝑚. The reactions due to loadings are also shown
for simplicity. Calculate the maximum negative factored moment at the intermediate support
and the maximum positive factored moment within the span, design the critical section, and
draw the reinforcement details for the entire beam ABC.

63. A two-span continuous concrete beam is to be supported by three masonry walls spaced 7.6m
on centers. A service live load of 22 KN/m is to be carried, in addition to the self-weight of the
beam. A constant rectangular cross section is to be used, with D = 2b, but reinforcement is to
be varied according to requirements. Find the required concrete dimensions and reinforcement
at all critical sections. Allow for 8 stirrups. Include sketches for critical sections. Use fck =
30MPa, fyk = 400MPa and class I work.

64. A rectangular concrete beam of width b = 600mm is limited by architectural considerations to

a maximum gross depth D = 400mm. It must carry a total design moment M d = 540 KNm.
Design the flexural reinforcement for this member, using compression steel if necessary. Allow
75mm to the center of the bars from the compression and/or tension face of the beam. Material
strengths are fyk = 500MPa and fck = 30MPa. Show a sketch of your final design, including
provision for 8 stirrups.

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65. A rectangular beam with width b = 600mm, gross depth D = 350mm and effective depth to the
tensile steel d = 290mm is constructed using materials with strengths fck = 30MPa and fyk =
400MPa. Tensile reinforcement consists of two 36 plus three 32 bars in one row.
Compression reinforcement consisting of two 32 bars is placed at distance d’ = 60mm from
the compression face. Calculate the design strengths of the beam (a) neglecting the
compression reinforcement, (b) accounting the compression reinforcement and assuming it
acts at fyd, and (c) accounting for the compression reinforcement working at its actual stress f s’,
established by analysis.
66. Design the slab thickness, main reinforcement and distribution steel of a simply supported slab
panel carrying qk=5kPa and gk = 6kPa from partition and other permanent loadings. The panel
is 4m by 10m and it is to be designed with C30/37 concrete and S300 steel.
67. A propped cantilever beam spans 8m and is subjected to a characteristic live load of 35kN/m
and dead load of 10kN/m in addition to its self-wight. Materials used are C25/30 concrete and
S500 steel. If the width of the beam is 250, determine the depth and flexural reinforcement
required to satisfy the flexure requirement at the critical locations.
68. A cantilever beam 4m span carries a characteristic live load of 150kN/m in addition to its own
weight. Materials used are C30/37 concrete and S500 steel.
a. Design the beam section for ultimate limit state for flexure using uniform depth.
b. Redesign the same beam for ultimate limit state for flexure using linearly varying
depth (depth at free end is 1/3 of depth at fixed end)
69. Given the following information, calculate the amount of reinforcement required to support
Mu=500kNm, fck=25N/mm2, fyk=300N/mm2, b=300mm and d=700mm.
a. Using design equations
b. Using design tables
c. Using design chart

70. Design a beam of the smallest depth to resist a moment of 300kNm. C30/37 concrete and S300
steel are to be used. a) using equation b) using design aids.
71. Calculate the amount of reinforcement required for a beam of section 250x450mm to carry a
moment of 80kNm. a) using design equation, b) using design aids

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72. Using moment envelope concept, design the following rectangular continuous beam for shear
and flexure. Materials used are C25/30 concrete and S500 steel. The beam is subjected to
qk=9kN/m and gk=3kN/m excluding self-weight.

73. A T-beam has an effective flange width of 960mm, bw=350mm, hf=100mm and effective
depth, d=500mm. If materials S500 steel and C25/30 concrete are used. What will be the design
moment capacity for this beam if As=3000mm2 is used?
74. Design the beam on axis -B of the floor system shown below which is subjected to a live load
of 5kN/m2. Use materials C25/30 concrete and S400 steel. Take the width of the beam =
300mm.

75. Design the RC panels of the floor system of question number 74

a. As solid slab
b. As Ribbed slab
76. Design a rectangular RC section to resist an ultimate design moment of 360kNm. The
dimensions of the beam are limited to width b=350mm and depth h=500mm for architectural
reasons. Use materials C25/30 concrete and S-500 steel.
77. A double reinforced RC beam section has As1 = 2581mm2, As2=645mm2, b=280mm,
d=580mm, d2=50mm and is made with C30/37 concrete and S500 steel. Calculate the moment
carrying capacity of the section.

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78. A simply supported T-beam having a length of 6m supports a service live load Q k=40kN/m
and a total working dead load Gk=30kN/m (including self-weight). The cross-section of the
beam is as shown in the figure below. Using C25/30 concrete and S-500 steel determine the
required flexural reinforcement for the maximum design moment at mid-span using ∅24
longitudinal bars, and determine the bar curtailment points.

79. A 100mm concrete floor slab is monolithically casted with continuous beams of span 5m
spaced at 1.2m on centers. The beam section dimensions are b w=50mm, h=500mm. Determine
the area of reinforcement at mid-span to resist an ultimate design moment of 250kNm. Use
materials C25/30 concrete and S-500 steel.
80. Calculate the area of reinforcement for a positive span moment of 15kNm for the section shown
in the figure below. Materials C25/30 concrete and S-500 steel are used.

81. Calculate the area of reinforcement for a positive span moment of 30kNm for the section shown
in the figure below. Materials C30/37 concrete and S-500 steel are used.

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82. A rectangular RC cantilever beam of length 2.5m is subjected to a total working load of
50kN/m including its own weight. Determine the immediate and long-term deflections of the
beam using D=400mm, d=355mm, b=300mm, reinforced with 5∅20 at the top and 2∅16 at the
bottom. Materials used are C25/30 concrete and steel S500. Also check whether the section
satisfies the ES requirement for serviceability limit state for deflection.
83. Determine the maximum flexural moment capacity of the inverted L-beam shown in the figure
below. Materials used are C25/30 concrete and steel S500.

84. A propped cantilever beam shown in the figure below is subjected to a q k =14kN/m and
gk=5kN/m (including self- weight). If it has a cross-section of 300mm x 500mm,
a. Determine the amount of reinforcements at the critical sections
b. Show in sketch the curtailment and anchorage of the bars if only 30% of the +ve
reinforcements and 30% of the negative reinforcements are to be extended to the
supports. Use materials ∅16 for main reinforcement, ∅6 for stirrups of S400 and
concrete of grade C30/37.

85. The bean supported floor system of the 1 st floor of a residential building having 3m story height
is shown in the figure below. Using the data given in the table;

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a. Design the panels of the beam-supported floor system of the residential building
shown in the figure below.
b. Determine the load transfer to the beam located on Axis-D only, and design it for
flexure and shear.
c. Draw reinforcement details for the floor system and for the beam mentioned in
question (b).

Table: Material, Cross-section dimensions & load data

Concrete Class C25/30

Steel Grade S-500
 30mm for beams
Concrete Cover
 25mm for slabs
Room height 3m
𝑙 for slab 18.5K
𝑑
Unit weight of
25kN/m3
concrete
Unit weight of
23kN/m3
HCB
Loads from floor
0.5kN/m2
finishing
Es 200Gpa
Diameter of bars
10mm
for slab section
Diameter of
Longitudinal bars 14mm/16mm
for beam
Diameter of
8mm
stirrups
Beam dimension
(Depth x Breadth)
400mm x 250mm Dimensions are in cm
Column
250mm x 250mm Figure: Floor plan
dimension
Height of parapet
1000mm
wall on cantilever

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