SCIENCE

Modified Strategic Intervention Materials

DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Author: Myra P. Gabinay

Cover Art Illustrator: Erich D. Garcia
Reviewer and Editor: Paz I. Canlas
Layout Artist: Jacqueline E. Libut

MANAGEMENT TEAM
Zenia G. Mostoles EdD, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Celia R. Lacanlale PhD, Chief CID
Paz I. Canlas, Education Program Supervisor in Science

Quarter 3 Weeks 1 and 2

 Title Card
Week 1 Lesson 1: Major Types of Forces

Guide Card

Introduction
Force is simply defined as a push or a pull on objects. All objects around you
whether stationary (not moving) or moving are acted upon by a force. Forces are always
in pairs. In a pair of forces, one counteracts the other. If we are going to measure the
force, the unit for it is called the Newton and it has the symbol N.

Learning Objectives
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. identify the major types of forces;
2. explain how balanced and unbalanced force work;

Pre-Test: What I Know

Read and analyze the following questions. Choose the correct answers inside the
box. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

contact friction force gravitational force

magnetic force Newton non-contact
pull push tension

1. What do you call a push or a pull on objects?

2. What do you call the force caused by heavenly bodies like the earth, sun, and moon?
3. What do you call the major type of force that acts on the object from a distance?
4. What do you call the major type of force that acts directly on the object?
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5. What do you call the force that exists between two surfaces in contact?
6. What do you call an act of moving objects away from you?
7. What do you call the force exerted by a magnet?
8. What do you call an act of moving objects towards you?
9. What is the unit used in measuring force?
10. What do you call the force that acts on a thin string or material?

Review
Read and analyze the given statements and choose the letter of the correct answer
for each item. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The following statements show the effects of natural forces, disrupt the ecological
balance EXCEPT:
A. The strong force from the wind and water creates a storm surge.
B. The wind is a powerful erosive force that is involved in weathering and erosion.
C. It has become apparent that the force of gravity varies from place to place on
Earth's surface.
D. The radiation from the sun has become more intense in recent decades and is
making the planet warmer.

2. Which among the scenarios shows how movement are beneficial to a specific
ecosystem?
A. Food and shelter become scarce in a specific ecosystem.
B. Animals that hibernate use their stored food much more slowly.
C. Gender imbalances are caused by migration as it is typically men who seek to find
employment elsewhere.
D. Migratory animals become essential components of the ecosystems by acting as
pollinators and seed distributors.

3. In an island without humans and animals living on it, what abiotic factor may act upon
the coconut tree to disperse effectively and regrow?
A. The wind has blown on a matured coconut; it will be floated away and dispersed
by the wind energy.
B. The matured coconut will be pulled down to the ground by the tension acting upon
it and it will be planted again.
C. The matured coconut will eventually fall on the ground; roll to the lower ground;
and regrow due to gravitational pull.
D. The matured coconut tree will eventually die due to the light energy, and its
remains will be part of the soil’s nutrient.

4. Based on the study of Emily R. Morey-Holton's “The Impact of Gravity on Life”, it is

stated that the conclusion from this study suggests that gravity is necessary for life as
we know it, and that “gravity shapes life”. What may be inferred from this
conclusion?

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 A. Humans need to love their planet because they are the product of their physical
environment.
B. Gravity cannot determine the location and size of internal organs of different
species here on Earth.
C. Humans will never understand the influence of gravity on the evolution of species
after prolonged exposure to different gravity levels.
D. There are changes in orientation of a species concerning the direction and
magnitude of a gravitational force that may play a role in the evolution of certain
species on Earth.

5. How is the applied force demonstrated in predation interactions among living things?
A. Most predators are bigger than their prey and applied stronger force to consume
their prey.
B. Most predators are weaker than their prey, so they use camouflage for survival.
C. Most predators are smaller than their prey, so they use mimicry to outwit and trick
them.
D. Most predators are bigger than their prey, but they are independent species and are
able to produce their food.

Activity Card

What’s New
Read the free-verse poetry about force below.
Note: Free verse poems do not follow the rules and have no rhyme or rhythm; but
they are still an artistic expression.
(www.britannica.literature.com).

The Greatest Force

by Myra P. Gabinay

One morning, my teacher has taught us

about applied force and how it worked.
I remembered my father pushing a cart to survive, as long as
he could provide.

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 One weekend, we were saving a trapped kitty,
I explained to my father about gravity.
“A strong gravitational force was pulling my body.”
Then he answered, “My son, do not worry,
gravity could not hinder us to help the needy.”

One windy afternoon, my father and I were flying a kite

with my cousin.
I told him, “It was tension, a force that held the kite
against the wind.”
His eyes glisten with delight, and turned toward me, “I
was proud of you my son, for learning a lot and beyond.”

One Sunday in the

church, we kneeled in prayer with my mother,
I murmured in my father’s ear, “It was friction,
a force that held two surfaces in contact that held
mother’s palm in prayer.”
With a soft voice, he replied, “It was love to our
creator,
the greatest force beyond measure that held us all
together
the force that even time could not defer.”

Discussion of Activity

Remember that if the forces in pair are equal in strength, the object on which they
act does not move but if the forces are not equal in strength, the movement will occur or
happen.

Two Major Types of Force

In general, we have two major types of force. A contact force is a force directly
applied to an object while a non-contact force is a force that does not directly act on an
object (Boniol, 2017).

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The following are the different forms of contact forces:

1. Tension or force that acts on a thin string or material.

For example, the force on the string that holds the
bag in the picture is tension (Boniol, 2017).

2. Friction is a force that holds two surfaces that are in

contact (Boac, 2015). The constant application of
force to wood surfaces creates heat and with the
presence of oxygen and fuel (coming from the
organic matter of the woods) it can create fire.

3. Force on spring or elastic material. Force on elastic

materials such as spring and rubber is a contact force.
When you stretch a rubber band, an elastic force
exists to counteract the force you applied to it
(Boniol, 2017).

4. Applied Force. The applied force is a push or pull

that an object makes to the other objects.

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There are two types of non-contact forces.

1. The Gravitational Force. Gravitational force is the force

exerted by the earth on different objects. Gravity always
pulls objects downward. When you release an object you
are holding, it will always move downward because of the
pull of gravity.

2. Magnetic Force. The force exerted by the magnet. Magnet

exerts a force on particular metals without touching or
direct contact between them (Boniol, 2017).

Enrichment Card

Activity1: Identify the word hidden in the boxes below based on the given statements.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a type of force that exists between your rubber shoes and the floor.

2. It is a type of force that exists on an electricity cable.

3. It is the reason why objects fall downward.

4. It is a force applied in a direction away from your body.

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5. It is a force applied in a direction towards your body.

6. It is a major type of force that is directly applied to an object.

7. It is the force that does not directly act on an object.

8. It is the force exerted by the magnet.

9. It is the unit of force.

10. It is simply defined as a push or pull on objects.

Activity 2: Write TRUE if the statement is correct or FALSE if it is not. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Magnetic force is the force exerted by the earth on different objects.

2. Forces that can act on an object include pushing, pulling, friction, magnetic force, and
gravitational force.

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3. Tension acts across a distance. It is an invisible force that does not require contact with
the object it is acting on.

4. Friction is a force that holds two surfaces that are in contact.

5. Like gravity, non-contact force acts across a distance without having to touch the
object.

6. When you release an object you are holding, it will always move downward because of
the pull of friction.

7. A force cannot be seen but its effect can be seen or felt.

8. Forces are always in pairs.

9. If the forces in pair are equal in strength, the object on which they act does not move.

10. The applied force is a push or pull that an object makes to the other objects.

Activity 3: Create a graphic organizer about force and its two major types with their
examples Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Reflection Card
What I Have Learned
Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the box below to complete the
paragraph. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

applied force contact force equal in strength

friction force on elastic gravitational force
magnetic force motion non-contact force
tension

Remember that if the forces in pair are (1) ________, the object on which they act
does not move but if the forces are not equal in strength, (2) ________will occur or
happen.

The two major types of forces are contact force and non-contact force.

The (3) ________ is a force directly applied to an object. While the (4)
________does not directly act on an object.

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 Contact forces can be classified into four kinds. (5) ________ is a force that acts
on a thin string or material. Then, (6) ________ is a force that holds two surfaces that are
in contact. Also, (7) ________ materials such as spring and rubber is a contact force, and
the (8)________ is a push or pull that an object makes to the other objects.

On the other hand, non-contact force may be classified into two. The force exerted
by the earth on different objects on is known as (9)_________, while the force exerted by
the magnet is called (10)________.

What I can do

Write the word or group of words that explains the situation shown in each picture.
Choose your answer from the choices given below. Some words may be used twice.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

friction forces are in pairs force on spring

gravitational force magnetic force pushing
pulling tension

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7. 8.

9
9. 10.

Assessment Card

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. These two forces require direct contact between two objects.

A. applied force and friction
B. friction and gravity
C. friction and magnetism
D. gravity and magnetism

2. Which among the given forces is considered as an example of a non-contact force?

A. applied force
B. friction
C. gravity
D. tension

3. It is a force that acts in opposition to movement.

A. friction
B. gravity
C. magnetism
D. tension

4. It is the act of applying force to move something towards you.

A. inertia at rest
B. inertia in motion
C. pull
D. push and pull

5. It is the type of force created when an object is physically pushed or pulled.

A. applied force
B. gravitational force
C. magnetic force
D. non-contact force

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6. What type of force is caused by a large body like the planet Earth?
A. contact
B. friction
C. gravity
D. tension

7. What type of force is exerted by an object trying to return to its natural length?
A. elastic force
B. gravitational force
C. magnetic force
D. push and pull

8. Diday went to ‘Enchanted Kingdom’ and rode a roller coaster. During the ride, she
observed there were times that the roller coaster went to a slow then finally stopped.
After her ride, she analyzed and asked herself, “What force could ultimately slow
down the roller coaster to a stop?”
What could be the possible answer to Diday’s analyzation?
A. elastic force
B. friction
C. gravitational force
D. magnetic force

9. The following statements about force are true EXCEPT:

A. In science, we call a ‘push’ or a ‘pull’ a ‘force’.
B. Both non-living and living things can exert a force as well as have a force exerted
on them.
C. We consider the forces acting on an object by another object. We do not talk
about an object ‘having’ force.
D. Force comes from splitting atoms in a reactor to heat water into steam, to turn a
turbine, and to generate electricity.

10. What are the two major types of force?

A. balanced and unbalanced
B. contact and non-contact
C. gravitational force and magnetic force
D. light and sound

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 Title Card
Week 2 Lesson 2: The Effects of Force When Applied To
An Object

Guide Card

Introduction

Have you tried playing tug of war? Playing tug of war is a game which can be
demonstrated easily for you to understand how force is working. The objective of the
game is for each person to pull the rope of the opposite person to his or her side. The
person who pulls the rope on his/her side wins the game. This kind of activity can make a
vivid illustration to explain how a force works.

Learning Objectives
1. explain the effects of force when applied to an object; and
2. recognize the importance of the existence of force in our surroundings.

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What’s In

Match the descriptions on Column A with the items in Column B by choosing the
letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Columns B

1. It is a push or pull that an object makes to the other A. applied

objects. When you push your teacher’s table you B. contact force
are exerting this force. C. friction
2. This force counteracts your push while rubbing D. force on spring
both planks of wood making it hard to move E. gravitational force
forward. F. newton
3. It is a force that acts on a thin string or material. G. non-contact force
4. It is a force applied in a direction towards your H. pull
body. I. push
5. It is the force exerted by the earth on different J. tension
objects. K. tug of war
6. It is a major type of force directly applied to an
object.
7. It is a major type of force that does not directly act
on an object.
8. It is a force applied in a direction away from your
body.
9. It is the unit of force.
10. It is a force on elastic materials such as spring
and rubber.

Activity Card

What’s New
Force is just a fancy word for pushing or pulling. A force cannot be seen but its
effect can be seen or felt. If you push on something or pull on it, then you are applying a
force to it. Force makes things move or, more accurately, makes things change their
motion.

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How the Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Work

Balanced forces are equal in size and opposite in direction.

When forces are balanced, there is no change in motion.

So, what do you need to do to move something? If

something starts to move, it must be because unbalanced forces are
acting on it. To have unbalanced forces means that the force
applied in one direction is greater than the force applied in the
opposite direction (PBIS, undated).

Discussion of Activity

Effects of Force on the Size and Shape of Objects

Force can affect the size of an object once it is applied. A force can
squeeze the object, thus reducing its size like what happened to the
empanada bread, Styrofoam cup, and dishwashing foam, if you try to
press them or squeeze them you are applying a force.

Moreover, force if applied with brittle material can cause

breakage and even turn the material into powder. This can be observed
when you applied force on the cracker and eggshell (Boniol, 2017).

Effects of Force on the Movement of Objects.

Generally, the force causes stationary objects to move

and moving objects to stop or change in direction,
depending on the strength of the force (Boniol, 2017). Thus,
motion is produced by force and it is defined as a change in
the position of an object when force is applied.

The tendency of an object not to move unless a force

acts on it is called inertia. Inertia is a property of all things
which makes them resistant to change in motion. It is your inertia that makes you move
backward as the bus you are riding in suddenly starts moving. This is called inertia at
rest. While the inertia in motion is the tendency of an object not to stop unless a force
act on it (Mercado & Dela Paz, 2016).

In general, the mass of an object affects its inertia. The more mass an object has,
the more inertia it has.

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 Enrichment Card

Activity 1: Choose the statement that explains the effect of force when applied to an
object based on the illustrations. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

A. Force can cause breakage to a brittle object.

B. Force can keep the object to its original shape and
size.
1.

A. Washing the clothes will change its shape for a

moment.
B. The color and design of the shirt will be changed,
2. depending on the force applied to it.

A. The shape and size of the nail will change depend on

the degree of force applied in hammering.
B. The hammering will change the shape of the nail into
3. powdery form.

A. The speed of the ball’s movement will depend on the

force exerted by the batter.
B. The speed of the ball’s movement will depend on the
4. quality of the ball.

A. Force from lying down can shrink the size of the

foam.
B. Force from lying down can increase the size of the
5. foam.

A. Upon hitting, the two toy cars both change in speed

as well as the directions on which they move.
B. Upon hitting, the owner of two toy cars will become
6. friendlier with each other.

A. A body at rest will strive to stay at rest.

B. A body in motion will strive to stay in motion.
7.

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 A. The greater the inertia, the lower the force exerted.
B. The more mass an object has, the more inertia it has.
8.

A. A body at rest will strive to stay in motion.

B. Force can change speed of motion.
9.

A. Unbalanced force always causes a change in motion.

B. Balanced force is equal in size and opposite in
direction.
10.

Activity 2: Look around you and infer situations or scenarios that show effects of force
on the size and effects of force on the shape of objects. List down five
examples for each of them. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Effects of Force on the Size Effects of Force on the Shape

Ex. chopping string beans Ex. pounding tawas into powder
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

Activity 3: Analyze the scenario in every picture and synthesize the effect of the force
acted upon them. Choose from the phrases below. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
A. Effects of force on the size and shape
B. Effects of force on the movement of objects

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

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7. 8. 9.

10.

Reflection Card
What I Have Learned
Complete the paragraph with the correct words to complete its thought. Choose
your answers from the words below and write them on a separate sheet of paper.
balanced forces direction force inertia
mass motion speed size
to move unbalanced forces
unbalanced forces
A/An (1) ________________ cannot be seen but its effect can be seen or felt. If
you push on something or pull on it, then you are applying a force to it. Force makes
things move or, more accurately, makes things change their (2) ________________.

(3) ________________ are equal in size and opposite in direction. When forces
are balanced, there is no change in motion. However, if something starts to move, it must
be because (4) ________________ are acting on it.

To have unbalanced forces means that the force applied in one direction is greater
than the force applied in the opposite direction. When unbalanced forces are acting on an
object, there is a change in (5) ________________ and/or (6) ________________.

Force can affect the (7) ________ of an object once it is applied. Also, force causes
stationary objects (8) ________ and moving objects to stop or change in direction,
depending on the strength of the force. The tendency of an object not to move unless a
force acts on it is called (9) ________. It is a property of all things which makes them
resistant to change in motion. In fact, the more (10)________ an object has, the more
inertia it has.

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What I can do

Do this activity. Analyze the processing questions and explain the effects of force
on the movement of objects. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Title: “Observing the Effects of Force on the Movement of Objects”

Objectives:
• Infer that force can affect the motion and direction on which the object
moves.
• Explain the effect of applied force on the movement of objects.

Materials:
• tennis ball or rubber ball
• a rectangular cardboard (5 cm x 5 cm) or any sturdy material

Procedures:
• Place the ball on a flat floor.
• Observe the ball if the ball moves or not.
• Get a partner and let him roll the ball towards you. Using a cardboard, hit the
ball back. Observe what happens to the ball.

Processing Questions:
• Did the ball roll when you laid it on the floor? Why?
• What made the ball roll?
• What was the direction of the rolling ball?
• Did the ball continue moving towards you when you hit the ball with the
cardboard?
• Based on the activity, try to analyze the following and give inferences:
• the effect of force on the stationary (non-moving) objects; and
• the effect of force on moving objects.

Assessment Card
Read and analyze the following questions and choose the correct answer. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Filo tightly squeezed a dishwashing foam causing it to shrink. Which of the following
best describes the effect of force on a material?
A. Force affects the size of material.
B. Force cannot affect the size of material.
C. Materials that have mass are not affected by force.
D. Force is invisible so the effect of it cannot be seen in the material.

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2. What are the effects of force to the objects?
A. change in shape
B. remain in place
C. slow down
D. all of the above

3. These are forces that are NOT opposite in direction and equal in size.
A. balanced
B. contact
C. non- contact
D. unbalanced

4. The following are the examples of forces applied in our everyday lives EXCEPT:
A. the capacity for doing work
B. the force of a bat on the ball
C. the force of the hairbrush on hair when it is being brushed
D. the force of your foot pushing on the pedal when you ride your bike

5. These forces are equal in size and opposite in direction.

A. balanced
B. contact
C. non- contact
D. unbalanced

6. When the sum of the forces equals zero, the forces are said to be in ______.
A. combination
B. equilibrium
C. friction
D. tension

7. Is balanced force considered to be in a state of equilibrium?

A. Not sure, it depends on the amount of combined force.
B. Definitely not, because a balanced force keeps an object moving.
C. No, because balanced forces cannot change the motion or direction of an object.
D. Yes, combined forces that are balanced are always equal to zero which means the
force is in equilibrium state.

8. What force must be acted upon an object in order for it to produce motion?
A. balanced
B. friction
C. non- contact
D. unbalanced

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9. Why is it that when we are standing, we are not moving?
A. The Earth is pressing on us with the greater force.
B. The humankind exerts greater force than Earth is exerted.
C. The Earth is pressing on us with the same force that we are exerting on it.
D. The Earth has a strong magnetic field and humankind wears certain metals
attracted to it.

10. When a football is kicked, its shape changes for a fraction of a second. This is
because:
A. Force changes the shape of an object.
B. Motion changes the shape of an object.
C. Momentum changes the shape of an object.
D. Force does not change the shape of an object.

Reference Card

• Boac, Amelia M. 2015. The Amazing World of Science 4. Makati City. Don Bosco
Press Inc. pp. 231-237
• Boniol, Regie R. 2017.New Horizons in Learning Science 4 Worktext. Tarlac
City.Wizard Publishing Haws, Inc. pp. 158-161
• Mercado, M.J. P. & Dela Paz, Shirley S. 2016. Explore and Experience Science 4.
(Dalandan, Valenzuela City: JO-ES Publishing House, Inc., pages 227-233
• Morey-Holton, Emily R. (undated) The Impact of Gravity on Life.
http://www.mainsgate.com/spacebio/Sptopics/hy_resource/holton.pdf.December 5,
2020
• https://app.vyond.com/videos/1579a579-501f-4667-9773 70867b907159/1609051647 /edit.
December 6,2020
• https://app.vyond.com/videos/d5c8372a-1296-47de-91bd-641cbeeb4769/ 1609325911/edit.
December 8,2020
• https://app.vyond.com/videos/edc085c7-5d40-4d31-816d-b646d690bc45/edit. January 7,2021
• https://PBIS_tx02215271.schoolwires.net/cms/lib/TX02215271/Centricity/Domain/1991/balanced_an
d_unbalanced_forces_reading_pg_q8-34.pdf.January 5, 2021

• https://www.canva.com/free templates. December 5, 2020

• https://www.canva.com/design/DAEPetykXLw/lXyPKb1kD6WrWiu9ZVTdA/edit
?layoutQuery=applying+force#. December 5, 2020
• https://www.canva.com/design/DAEPetykXLw/-lXyPKb1kD6WrWiu9ZVTdA/edit. December 5,
2020

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 21
What I Know What’s More What’s In
1. force Activity 1 1. C
2. gravitational force 2. D
3. non-contact force 1. friction 3. C
4. contact force 2. tension 4. D
5. friction 3. gravity 5. A
6. push 4. push
7. magnetic force 5. pull
8. pull 6. contact force
9. Newton 7. non-contact force
10. tension 8. magnetic force
9. Newton Assessment
10. force
1. A
Activity 2
2. C
1. False 3. A
2. True 4. C
What I Have Learned
3. False 5. A
1. equal in strength 4. True 6. C
2. motion 5. True 7. A
3. contact force 6. False 8. B
4. non-contact force 7. True 9. D
5. tension 8. True 10. B
6. friction 9. True
7. force on elastic 10. True
8. applied force Activity 3
9. gravitational force
10. magnetic force
What I Can Do
1. magnetic force
2. gravitational force
3. friction
4. gravitational force
5. forces are always
in pairs
6. tension
7. tension
8. pushing
9. pulling
10. force on spring
Lesson 1:
Answer Card
 22
What’s More
Activity 1
1. A
2. A
3. A 10. mass
4. A 9. inertia
5. A 8. to move
6. A 7. motion
7. A 6. shape
8. B 5. size
9. B 4. unbalanced forces
What’s In 10. B 3. balanced forces
Activity 2
1. A 2. direction
2. C (Answer may vary but
1. force
3. J related to these concepts) What I Have Learned
4. H
5. E Effects of Force on
6. B the Size
7. G 1.tearing a piece of
8. I paper What I Can Do
9. F 2.cutting a cloth (Answer may vary and
10. D 3.chopping a wood
yet closer and related to
4.cutting a yarn
these concepts)
5.chopping a bitter
gourd 1. No. There’s an equal
Assessment strength of force
Effects of Force on coming from the floor
1. A the Shape and the ball.
2. D 1.pressing a dough 2. The ball rolled
3. D 2.grinding coffee because of the force
4. A beans applied by my partner
5. A 3.grating a cheese who rolled the ball
6. B 4.crumpling a towards me.
7. D paper 3. The ball rolled toward
8. D 5.mincing an onion me and away from the
9. C one who is pushing
10. A the ball.
Activity 3 4. No, when I hit the ball
1. B back, the ball change
2. A direction.
3. B 5. A. Force causes
4. B stationary object to
5. B move.
6. A B. Force causes a
7. B moving object to
8. A change direction.
9. A
10. B
Lesson 2: