Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 22 views

    Transducers - GTU Diploma

    Uploaded by

    ndm.jhdp
    The document discusses several types of transducers including piezoelectric transducers, thermoelectric transducers called thermocouples, potentiometers, strain gauges, load cells, RTDs, thermistors, and photoconductive cells. Each type is briefly described along with common materials used, operating principles, advantages, and disadvantages. Applications include use of thermocouples, strain gauges, RTDs, and thermistors with Wheatstone bridge circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Transducers - GTU Diploma

    Uploaded by

    ndm.jhdp
    22 views27 pages
    The document discusses several types of transducers including piezoelectric transducers, thermoelectric transducers called thermocouples, potentiometers, strain gauges, load cells, RTDs, thermistors, and photoconductive cells. Each type is briefly described along with common materials used, operating principles, advantages, and disadvantages. Applications include use of thermocouples, strain gauges, RTDs, and thermistors with Wheatstone bridge circuits.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses several types of transducers including piezoelectric transducers, thermoelectric transducers called thermocouples, potentiometers, strain gauges, load cells, RTDs, thermistors, and photoconductive cells. Each type is briefly described along with common materials used, operating principles, advantages, and disadvantages. Applications include use of thermocouples, strain gauges, RTDs, and thermistors with Wheatstone bridge circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views27 pages

    Transducers - GTU Diploma

    Uploaded by

    ndm.jhdp
    The document discusses several types of transducers including piezoelectric transducers, thermoelectric transducers called thermocouples, potentiometers, strain gauges, load cells, RTDs, thermistors, and photoconductive cells. Each type is briefly described along with common materials used, operating principles, advantages, and disadvantages. Applications include use of thermocouples, strain gauges, RTDs, and thermistors with Wheatstone bridge circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 27

    Transducers

    Piezoelectric Transducers
    Thermo Electric Transducers - Thermocouple
    Materials used for Thermocouple:

    1. Chromel Copel
    2. Iron Constantan
    3. Chromel Alumel
    4. Platinum 13% Rhodium Platinum
    5. Platinum 10% Rhodium Platinum
    Advantages:

    1. Rugged in construction.
    2. Inexpensive.
    3. Simpler to use than resistance thermometer.
    4. Have extremely wide temperature range of -270 C to 2800 C.
    5. Wide variety of design.
    6. Have high response speed compared to filled system thermometers.
    7. Have good accuracy.
    8. There is no need of bridge circuit.

    Disadvantages:

    1. They need to hold reference junction temperatures constant or compensation for any
    deviation.
    2. Their temperature – voltage relationship is non-linear.
    3. They require amplifiers for many applications.
    Potentiometer (Pot)

    Angular Potentiometer
    Advantages:

    1. Simple in construction.
    2. High output.
    3. Low cost.
    4. Small in size etc.
    Strain Gauge

    It converts the mechanical strain or displacement into change in resistance. The strain
    gauge works on the principle that the resistance of the wire changes with change in
    applied strain.
    Gauge Factor:

    It is defined as the unit change in


    resistance per unit change in length.
    Denoted by G. Also called sensitivity of
    strain gauge.

    G=

    ∆R = Change in resistance under


    stressed condition.
    R = Original resistance under unstressed
    condition.
    ∆l = Change in length under stressed
    condition.
    l = Original length under unstressed
    condition.
    Application of Strain gauge with Wheatstone bridge:
    Load Cell

    It contains two transducers; one is elastic member which works as a primary transducer
    while another is strain gauge which works as secondary transducer.

    Whole assembly is known as Load cell which is used for measurement of weight or force.
    Advantages:

    1. They are small & compact in size.


    2. They respond rapidly to load variations.
    3. They are inexpensive.
    4. They are relatively maintenance free & if hermetically sealed, may be installed in
    practically any environment.
    RTD or Resistance Thermometer

    The resistance of certain material changes with temperature change. RTD utilizes this
    characteristics.

    With increase in temperature, the electrical resistance of certain metal increases in


    direct proportion to the rise of temperature.

    Platinum, copper, tungsten & nickel are generally used in RTD


    Application of RTD with Wheatstone bridge circuit
    Advantages:

    1. They possess high accuracy of measurement.


    2. They have a wide temperature range from -200 to 650 C
    3. They are small in size.
    4. They are fast in response.
    5. Performance is stable and accurate over many years.
    6. Temperature compensation is not required.

    Disadvantages:

    1. Their cost is high.


    2. They need a bridge circuit, power supply.
    3. They have large bulb size than thermocouple.
    Thermistor

    Thermistor are semiconductor made from a specific mixture of pure oxides of nickel,
    manganese, copper, cobalt, iron, magnesium, titanium etc.

    They have high temperature coefficient, usually negative, although it can be positive as
    well.

    They are available in number of configuration as


    1. Bead Type
    2. Washer Type
    3. Disk Type
    4. Rod Type etc.
    Application of Thermistor with Wheatstone bridge circuit
    Advantages:

    1. They have small size and fast response.


    2. Their cost is low.
    3. Compensation is not necessary.
    4. They are adaptable to various electrical read out.

    Disadvantages:

    1. Temperature v/s resistance curve is very non – linear.


    2. Stability is doubtful at higher temperature (over 316 C)
    Photo Conductive Cell - LDR

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy