Satellite Magazine

Worldwide Satellite Magazine
SatMagazine November 2021
Cover image
An Electron rocket launch,
courtesy of Rocket Lab.
Publishing Operations Columnists + Contributors This Issue’s Authors
Silvano Payne, Publisher + Executive Writer Chris Forrester, Broadgate Publications Jason Brown
Simon Payne, Chief Technical Officer Karl Fuchs, iDirect Government Geoffrey Craig
Hartley G. Lesser, Editorial Director Bob Gough, Goonhilly Earth Station Jeffery Irwin
Pattie Lesser, Executive Editor Rebecca M. Cowen-Hirsch, Inmarsat Dr. Sergei Pekhterev
Donald McGee, Production Manager Ken Peterman, Viasat Ravinder Singh
Teresa Sanderson, Operations Director Giles Peters, Track24 Defense Ofer Tsur
Sean Payne, Business Development Manager Koen Willems, ST Engineering
Dan Makinster, Technical Advisor Mike Young, Envistacom
InfoBeam Features Advertisers

Thales Alenia Space + Arianespace + SES................... 4 A Conversation With: Frederik Simoens, Advantech Wireless Technologies, Inc................. 11
DEV Systemtechnik............................................... 7 ST Engineering iDirect......................................... 30
AirBorn Inc........................................................... 21
University of Melbourne + DcubeD....................... 8 Focus: Capella Space—Exploring Open Data...... 32
Author: Jason Brown, Arabsat Satellite.................................................. 19
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries................................ 10 Remote Sensing Image Scientist, Capella Space
Nanoracks, Voyager Space + Lockheed Martin... 12 A Kratos Focus: Be Prepared… Asia-Pacific Satellite Communications Council..... 29
Orbex.................................................................. 14 SATCOM + CMMC............................................... 38

AvL Technologies................................................. 13
FCC + Boeing...................................................... 27 SSPI: Better Satellite World —
The Hidden Perils of the Arctic — Revealed....... 40 Boeing Defense, Space and Security (BDS)........... 9
Spire Global + NASA........................................... 14 Author: SSPI
GMV + DLR......................................................... 15 C-COM Satellite Systems..................................... 23
Executive Spotlight: Dr. Dino Lorenzini,
United Launch Alliance + Lockheed Martin + NASA...16 SpaceQuest......................................................... 42
Comtech EF Data................................................... 7
Kleos Space + ISISPACE...................................... 20 Supply Crunch: The Global Energy Crisis............ 44
Author: Geoffrey Craig, Ursa Space Systems CPI SATCOM Products......................................... 17
Virgin Orbit + ANA HOLDINGS.......................... 21
Sailing Away With SATCOM................................ 48
Blue Sky Network................................................ 22 Hughes Network Systems..................................... 3
Author: Ofer Tsur, Gilat Satellite Networks
Rogue Space........................................................ 22 Radeus Labs, Inc.................................................. 25
A (New) Vision For Space.................................... 50
Rocket Lab........................................................... 24 Author: Ravinder Singh, Kalaari Capital
RF-Design............................................................ 15
RUAG Space........................................................ 25 Focus: APCO Technologies…
Ready For The Constellation Market................... 52 Russian Satellite Communications Company....... 37
Boeing Defense, Space & Security (BDS)............ 27
The Bandwidth Of The StarLink Constellation..... 54
OHB Sweden + ANYWAVES................................ 28 SatNews Digital Publications............................... 47
Author: Dr. Sergei Pekhterev, AltegroSky
Leanspace............................................................ 29
A Conversation With… Jens Ewerling, SpaceBridge.......................................................... 5
Inmarsat + Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.............. 35 Cobham SATCOM................................................ 58
ST Engineering iDirect........................................... 1
RadioWaves......................................................... 36 Making Offshore Connections A Priority............. 60
Author: Jeffery Irwin, Speedcast
Digantara + OrbAstro......................................... 36 Terrasat Communications Inc............................... 27
SatMagazine is published 11 times per year by SatNews Pub-

lishers, 800 Siesta Way, Sonoma, California - 94576 - USA
Phone: (707) 939-9306 / Fax: (707) 939-9235
© 2021 SatNews Publishers
We reserve the right to edit all submitted materials to meet
publication content guidelines, as well as for grammar and
spelling errors, or to move articles to an alternative issue to
accommodate publication space requirements, or remove
content due to space restrictions or unacceptable content.
Submission of articles does not constitute acceptance of said
material by SatNews Publishers. Edited materials may, or may
not, be returned to authors and/or companies for review, prior
to publication. The views expressed in SatNews Publishers’ var-
ious publications do not necessarily reflect the views opinions
of SatNews Publishers. All rights reserved. All included imag-
ery is courtesy of, and copyright to, the respective companies
and/or named individuals. SatNews reserves the right to alter
publication dates and print issue designations, based on indus-
try event date changes and circumstances that are beyond the
control of SatNews Publishers or the company’s staff.
SatMagazine Page 2 November 2021

INFOBEAM
The Arianespace VA255 launch from Europe’s

Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana.
Photo is courtesy of Arianespace.
Thales Alenia Space

Built SES-17 + SYRACUSE 4A
Satellites Successfully Launched
By Arianespace
On Sunday, October 24, at 02:10 UTC, Ariane 5 lifted off from

the Guiana Space Center (CSG) and successfully orbited two
satellites built by Thales Alenia Space, those being SES-17, a
telecommunications satellite operated by SES, and SYRACUSE 4A, a
telecommunications satellite developed for the French Ministry of
the Armed Forces.
Artistic rendition of SES-17 on-orbit, courtesy of SES.
With this 111th mission, Ariane 5 broke the record for the cumulative net
mass ever delivered to Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) by a single SES-17
launcher. With a total performance of 11.2 metric tons, the mass of the
Ariane 5’s payloads reached 10,264 kg at separation (6,411 kg for SES-17 This High Throughput telecommunication satellite (HTS) provides
and 3,853 kg for SYRACUSE 4A). For this mission, Ariane 5 also reached a excellent coverage over the Americas, the Caribbean and the Atlantic
height of 56.4 meters, thanks to a 1.5 meter extension placed under the Ocean and has been designed to transform the aviation connectivity
long fairing. landscape, address data demands across maritime, government
and enterprise segments, as well as to accelerate digital inclusion
This launch sent two satellites into orbit: initiatives. It features almost 200 spot beams, the power of which
can be dynamically adjusted in step with customers’ changing
requirements. It is also the first SES satellite to have a totally digital
payload, powered by an advanced digital transparent processor

CONNECTING PEOPLE
TO THEIR MISSIONS
Cellular IIoT, ATM, SCADA, HTS Broadband SATCOM On Government & Managed
Backhaul Oil & Gas Consumer & The Move Military Services
Enterprise
For over 30 years, SpaceBridge has striven to performance GEO and NGSO Extreme Broadband
eliminate the digital divide by being an innovator, Gateways, VSAT Terminals, Modems and Services
leader and trusted provider of bold solutions that for mission critical applications.
keep people connected to their missions,
everywhere. As we venture even further, we invite you to join us
as we aspire to make all things connected. Visit our
We live on the cutting edge of what’s possible, website at spacebridge.com to learn how you can
challenging ourselves, adapting to an ever-changing achieve greater connectivity.
landscape while delivering ultra-reliable, high-
spacebridge.com | info@spacebridge.com | +1.514.420.0045

USA | CANADA | LATIN AMERICA | BRAZIL | EMEA | ASIA PACIFIC
INFOBEAM
(DTP), enabling far greater flexibility and efficiency than previously “With all the European industrial partners of the Ariane 5 program, we are
available. The satellite will form a multi-orbit network adaptable to proud to have set a new world record for performance to geostationary
varying bandwidth and latency requirements, operating with SES’s transfer orbit, serving two major and long-standing Arianespace customers.
next generation non-geosynchronous satellite system, O3b mPOWER. We continue to improve the European heavy launcher, and there are now
six Ariane 5 launches left before it definitely enters the legend as the most
The Thales Alenia Space’s 5th generation Digital Transparent reliable launcher in the world, much to the benefit of Ariane 6 that will take
Processor (DTP) embarked on SES-17 allows for easy frequency over flight duties in 2022. ArianeGroup is determined to innovate more and
conversions as well as unlimited gateway switching and traffic more to provide Europe with an ever more reliable access to Space,” said
routing. Combined to flexible amplifiers, it will meet customer’s André-Hubert Roussel, CEO of ArianeGroup.
changing requirements and real time traffic demands.
ArianeGroup is the prime contractor in charge of the development and
production of the Ariane 5 and Ariane 6 launchers. It leads an industrial
network comprising more than 600 companies, including 350 small
and medium-size enterprises (SME). ArianeGroup oversees the entire
Ariane 5 industrial supply chain, from design studies and upgrades to
production and mission-specific data and software. The supply chain
encompasses equipment and structures, manufacture of the propulsion
systems, stage integration, then integration of the launcher in French
Guiana. ArianeGroup delivers a flight-ready vehicle on the launch pad to
its subsidiary Arianespace, which operates the flight starting with liftoff
on behalf of its customers.
The SYRACUSE 4A satellite, image courtesy of Arianespace.
SYRACUSE 4A
This military communications satellite, commissioned by the

Armament General Directorate DGA, will allow to connect the armed
forces together when deployed. At sea, in the air or on the ground,
militaries need secured and powerful communication means in
order to be able to exchange information with the command center.
Thanks to its state-of-the-art equipment (anti-jamming antenna and
digital transparent processor on board), SYRACUSE 4A will guarantee
a high resistance to extreme jamming methods. At the service
of France’s sovereignty, the satellite will also support NATO and
European-led operations.
Developed under the leadership of the DGA in close coordination with

the national center for space studies (CNES), the Space Command
of the French Air and Space Force and the other armed forces,
SYRACUSE 4A was built by Thales Alenia Space. In the upcoming
years, two other military telecommunications satellites will join it in
order to create a constellation that will serve the needs of the Armed
forces in an ever-growing digitalization of the battlefield. SYRACUSE
4A will connect most naval vessels, moving armored vehicles or
aircraft: in particular Griffon armored vehicles, upcoming Suffren
attack submarines or the tanker Phoenix.
SES-17 and SYRACUSE 4A will be the 164th and 165th Thales Alenia
Space satellites to be launched by Arianespace.
“With this new success for Ariane 5, which comes a week after its previous
launch, Arianespace is delighted to serve the interests of two loyal
customers, the operator SES and the French Ministry of the Armed Forces”, SES’s Multi-Orbit Network igraphic, courtesy of the company.
said Stéphane Israël, Chief Executive Officer of Arianespace. “VA255,
by putting two highly innovative satellites manufactured by Thales Alenia
Space into orbit, demonstrates once again the competitiveness and
reliability of our launch solutions serving the ambitions of our private and
institutional clients. Dedicated to connectivity and security, these satellites
are at the core of our mission: Space for a better life on Earth. The next
challenge for Ariane 5 will be the launch of NASA’s space telescope, James
Webb, in partnership with the European Space Agency. Mission to Success.”

INFOBEAM
DEV Systemtechnik Intros Their
New Distributing Matrix System
DEV Systemtechnik has developed a new distributing matrix system

leveraging the field of proven technology and HMI from the firm’s
successful Archimedes Matrix system. The new matrix system —
sigma — offers state of the art technology and features to support
customers’ needs for higher density, flexibility, and simplicity with
an optimized cost / performance ratio.
sigma allows satellite network operators and broadcaster to select any

input and output configuration with a granularity of 8 physical ports
with as many as 128 inputs and 128 outputs. Ports are selectable with 75
Ohms or 50 Ohms with F or SMA connectors.
In addition, sigma also supports direct
optical input ports. With up to three hot
swapable power supplies, the system can
support fail proof redundant LNB powering
on all 128 input channels.
All I/Os and the whole switching fabric

are designed to support extended L-Band
Signaling from 850 MHz to 2450 Mhz. All
active modules can be swapped on the fly
from the front which drastically simplifies
maintenance and upgrades in the field.
Upgrades beyond 128 ports are also

supported and kept as simple as possible: as
a world’s first, sigma supports embedded,
Make
Budgets Go
clustering features. As a result, customers
do not need external splitter arrays when
expanding the network with additional
Further
sigma systems beyond 128 ports achieving
reduced cost for external hardware, less rack
space and shorter installation time.
DEV Systemtechnik is a member of the

AXING Group, develops and manufactures
a wide range of products and systems for
Offshore
optical and electrical transmission of radio
frequency (RF) and broadband signals
via coaxial cable or fiber. For more than
25 years DEV has designed, engineered,
and manufactured RF transmission
equipment for satellite, broadcast, and cable
applications. DEV systems are deployed in
the signal chain of major satellite networks
and Earth stations worldwide.
Many older offshore networks are inefficient and use too much space segment, which is inflating
capacity bills. This can leave service providers in a no-win situation. You need to reduce operational
expenses, but you can’t afford the upfront costs to replace those legacy VSAT networks in today’s
environment. So, how can you improve operational efficiency without incurring major CapEx?
Comtech has the solutions. Some of our customers have improved link efficiency by over 400%.
Learn how you can leverage our efficient solutions to reduce today’s OpEx and prepare for a
return to growth tomorrow. Get our whitepaper now: https://bit.ly/3wbSQfr.
+1.480.333.2200
sales@comtechefdata.com
www.comtechefdata.com
NASA’s Evolutionary Xenon Thruster; Image: NASA
SatMagazine Page 7
CEFD_SatMag 2_3_Budgets Go Further.indd 1
November 2021
5/27/21 1:51 PM
INFOBEAM
The University Of Melbourne Is
Incorporating DcubeD Actuators
For Their Upcoming
Smallsat Mission
Artistic rendition of the SpIRIT smallsat on-orbit.
“SpIRIT is a truly exciting mission. SpIRIT will make a valuable contribution to

the primary HERMES constellation as it hunts for newly born black holes and
The University of Melbourne built Australian SpIRIT astronomy other electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave events, putting
smallsat team has selected DcubeD actuators for this upcoming a nanosatellite constellation at the forefront of science,” said Dr. Thomas
mission The actuators will trigger the deployment of the radiator for Sinn, CEO of DcubeD. “Being selected as a supplier for the release actuators
the SpIRIT mission that is set to launch in 2022. of the deployable radiator for this exciting mission fills me and the whole
DcubeD team with pride.”
“Our SpIRIT mission aims to advance the capabilities of small spacecraft by

providing the opportunity to demonstrate new technologies in orbit,” said
Mr. Simon Barraclough, Technical Director for the SpIRIT mission. “A key
technology is the payload thermal control system being developed by the
University of Melbourne. The DcubeD device is an important enabler in the
For the deployment of the Australian-made satellite’s large radiator, the safe and dependable release of deployable thermal radiator. We have been
SpIRIT (Space Industry – Responsive – Intelligent – Thermal Nanosatellite) very pleased with the product and service provided by DcubeD and look
team has selected DcubeD (Deployables Cubed GmbH), a New Space forward to its successful operation in orbit.“
smallsat mechanisms company specializing in nano-sized actuators
as well as deployables for smallsats. The deployment of the mission- The Melbourne Space Laboratory (MSL) in the School of Physics at
critical radiator will be ensured using DcubeD’s nano pin puller, nD3PP, the University of Melbourne is focused on developing innovative
triggering the deployment of the radiator once in space. miniaturized payloads and technological solutions for smallsats
to enable scientific investigations, commercial opportunities and
The SpIRIT mission is an innovative defense applications traditionally restricted to substantially larger
smallsat consisting of an Australian- and more expensive satellites. Founded in 2019, it has already
designed and made spacecraft established itself as one of the points of excellence for smallsat
platform and a main payload for R&D in Australia, as demonstrated by the award to lead the Space
gamma and x-ray remote sensing, Industry – Responsive – Intelligent – Thermal (SpIRIT) nanosatellite,
provided by Italian project partners. the first space mission selected for flight by the Australian Space
This will be accompanied by three Agency (International Space Investment – Expand Capability
technologies to be space qualified: scheme). The laboratory is contributing to the growth of the
TheMIS (Thermal Management Australian space sector and includes academics with international
Integrated System), Mercury leadership in space science and engineering, as well as engineers
(adaptive autonomous low-latency with extensive international experience in aerospace companies.
communications module) and an Australian developed high efficiency
electronic propulsion system. DcubeD (Deployables Cubed GmbH), located in Germering,
Germany, develops actuators and deployable structures tailored for
It is crucial that the TheMIS technology provides the required operating smallsats and the commercial space industry. DcubeD will help with
temperature of the main payload role, for which a large heat rejection their release actuators (pin puller and release nut) and deployables
radiator surface is required. A deployable radiator, such as the one SpIRIT (100W Solar Array, Space Selfie Stick, Deployable Boom)
uses, can greatly enhance the thermal performance by increasing the
available radiative surface area whilst cooperating with the volumetric
constraints of smallsats. DcubeD’s release actuators will secure the
successful deployment of radiator panels and so support the spacecraft
thermal control.

7 0 2 X S AT E L L I T E S
REPROGRAM
REALLOCATE
REIMAGINE
Elevate your competitive edge with Boeing’s family of software-defined satellites. With the ability to reallocate resources
on the fly, the revolutionary 702X adapts to evolving market conditions, maximizes return on investment and is ready today.
boeing.com/satellites
INFOBEAM
An H2A Launch Vehicle Pushes An H-2A rocket carrying the satellite lifted off at 11:19 a.m. and weighed
approximately 230 tons at liftoff. The rocket itself is 53 meters long.
Another GPS Satellite To Orbit
For Japan An H2A launch vehicle.
On Tuesday, October 26, 2021, Japan successfully launched their

QZS-1R satellite, from the Tanegashima Space Center in Kagoshima
Prefecture. This is a replacement for the nation’s aging
Michibiki No. 1 satellite.
This was the 38th consecutive time Japan has successfully launched
an H-2A rocket. Japanese GPS satellites on-orbit will be raised to seven
in number during fiscal 2023 by the government to strengthen the
Photo of the Tanegashima Space Center in Japan.
nation’s GPS system with even more precise services.
Manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., the Michibiki No.
1 satellite was launched in 2010 and has now reached the end of its Approximately 30 minutes post-launch, the satellite reached its
operational life. Three, previously launched, Michibiki satellites will designated orbital slot. Monday, October 25, had been the originally
‘work’ with the new unit, which will also complement the existing U.S. planned launch date but had to be postponed as the weather was too
GPS satellite network. poor for liftoff.

INFOBEAM
First Free Flying Commercial
Space Station — Starlab — To
Be Developed By Nanoracks,
Voyager Space + Lockheed Martin
commercial ISS utilization. Voyager Space, the majority shareholder in

Nanoracks, will lead strategy and capital investment. Lockheed Martin, a
leader in developing and operating complex spacecraft, will serve as the
manufacturer and technical integrator.
The basic elements of the Starlab space station include a large, inflatable
habitat, designed and built by Lockheed Martin, a metallic docking
node, a power and propulsion element, a large robotic arm for servicing
cargo and payloads, and a state-of-the-art laboratory system to host a
comprehensive research, science, and manufacturing capability. Starlab
will be able to continuously host up to four astronauts for conducting
critical science and research.
Nanoracks’ Starlab business model is designed to enable science,

research, and manufacturing for global customers, and bring added
value to long-duration sovereign astronaut missions. Starlab will also
serve tourism and other commercial and business activities.
“Since the beginning, Nanoracks has sought to own and operate a private
Nanoracks, in collaboration with Voyager Space and Lockheed space station to fully unlock market demand,” said Jeffrey Manber,
Martin [NYSE: LMT], has formed a team to develop the first-ever, free CEO and Co-Founder of Nanoracks. “Our team has spent the last decade
flying, commercial space station. learning the business of space stations, understanding customer needs,
charting market growth, and self-investing in private hardware on the ISS
like the Bishop Airlock. Nanoracks and our team are excited to work with
NASA and our friends across the world as we move forward with Starlab.”
“We’re excited to be part of such an innovative and capable team—one that

allows each company to leverage their core strengths,” said Lisa Callahan,
vice president and general manager, Commercial Civil Space at Lockheed
Martin. “Lockheed Martin’s extensive experience in building complex
spacecraft and systems, coupled with Nanoracks’ commercial business
innovation and Voyager’s financial expertise allows our team to create a
customer-focused space station that will fuel our future vision. We have
invested significantly in habitat technology which enables us to propose a
cost-effective, mission-driven spacecraft design for Starlab.”
“Voyager Space is highly confident in the Starlab business model and its
ability to be commercially sustainable and well capitalized,” said Dylan
Taylor, Voyager Space Chairman and CEO. “Voyager Space sees numerous
synergies leveraging the capabilities across our organization’s operating
The space station, known as Starlab, will be a continuously crewed businesses, as well as within the Lockheed Martin ecosystem. We see this
commercial platform, dedicated to conducting critical research, fostering partnership as just the beginning of our work together.”
industrial activity as well as ensuring continued U.S. presence and
leadership in LEO. Starlab is expected to achieve initial operational
capability by 2027.
To meet U.S. government, international space agency and commercial

needs in space, these industry leaders will develop Starlab specifically
to enable the growing space economy and meet customer demand for
space services, such as materials research, plant growth and astronaut
activity. Together, these companies bring experience in commercial
space use, engineering design and performance, technology innovation,
and investment strategy.
NASA recently announced the Commercial Low-Earth Orbit (LEO)

Destination (CLD) project to support the development of private space
stations. CLD will stimulate a multifaceted LEO economy and provide
science and crew capabilities in LEO before the International Space
Station (ISS) retires.
Nanoracks will prime the Starlab development effort, leveraging more

than a decade of experience as a pathfinder of, and global leader in,
INFOBEAM
The Orbex Environmentally Spire Global’s Quiet Supersonic
Friendly Prime Rocket To Be Flight Community Testing
Launched From Scotland
The carbon footprint of launching the new Orbex Prime space

rocket will be up to 96 percent lower than comparable space launch
programs, a new scientific study has revealed.
Prime is poised to become one of the most environmentally friendly, orbital

launch vehicles ever built, benefiting from the use of renewable, ultra-low-
carbon biofuel. It is also designed to be reusable and will not leave any
debris on Earth, in the Earth´s oceans or in the Earth’s atmosphere.
Orbex is also committing to offsetting all emissions from the rocket and its
launch operations, ensuring every launch is carbon neutral. Orbex plans to
launch Prime from Space Hub Sutherland in the North of Scotland.
The new study by the University of Exeter calculated that a single Orbex
Prime launch would produce up to 86 percent less emissions than a
similar-sized vertical launch vehicle powered by fossil fuels. This gulf
in emissions is primarily due to the similar-sized vehicle emitting high
levels of black carbon, the particulate matter formed by the incomplete
combustion of fuels containing carbon – and a major contributor to
climate change when emitted from rocket engines into the stratosphere.
Spire Global, Inc. has been included as a subcontractor in an award
The study also compared the carbon footprint of launching Prime with contract between Harris Miller Miller & Hanson Inc. (HMMH) and
that of a rocket that is horizontally launched from a carrier aircraft. In this the NASA. The award supports a national campaign of community
comparison, the direct launch emissions required by Prime was as much overflight tests using NASA’s X-59 Quiet SuperSonic Technology
as 96 percent lower than the horizontally launched vehicle. research aircraft.
According to the study by the University of Exeter, a single launch of the With a maximum potential value of approximately $29 million and an
Orbex Prime rocket would result in total emissions of 13.8 tons of CO2e. eight-year period of performance, the award is a cost-plus-fixed-fee,
This includes the direct emissions from the launch, the indirect emissions indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract. The scope of work
created from the production of the propellant fuels required (biopropane focuses on supporting NASA in phases two and three of its Low-Boom
and liquid oxygen), and the radiative forcing (RF) effects of non-CO2 Flight Demonstration mission. Phase two will include the preparation
emissions at high altitude. This carbon footprint is comparable to the and planning for phase three where NASA will fly the X-59 aircraft over
average emissions created by one single person in the UK each year. communities and ask residents to share their response to the sound the
aircraft generates during supersonic flight.
Orbital space launches using fossil fuels create enormous amounts of
black carbon in the upper atmosphere. Annually the amount created by Spire will support HMMH and NASA by quantifying a number of variables
around 120 space launches is equivalent to the black carbon emissions that impact noise exposure, which will impact residents’ responses to the
from the entire global aviation industry. Orbex´s solution almost entirely X-59 Quiet SuperSonic Technology research aircraft’s sonic boom.
eliminates black carbon emissions.
A key factor in the environmental credentials of Prime is its innovative

choice of fuel. The BioLPG used by Orbex for Prime is sourced from
Calor, the UK’s leading BioLPG supplier, that produces the propane as a
by-product from the waste and residual material from renewable diesel
production. As a result, the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) factor for BioLPG is 90
per cent lower than a fossil-based fuel such as RP-1, the highly-refined
form of kerosene typically used as rocket fuel.
“Orbex will be the first commercial orbital space launch company to use a
renewable, carbon-friendly fuel,” said Chris Larmour, CEO of Orbex. “We
believe it is time to move away from the use of heavily polluting fossil fuels
now that more efficient, sustainable alternatives are readily available, and we
hope to see much tighter regulations coming into force.”

INFOBEAM
GMV Wins Contract For State-of-
the-art Space Debris Software
For German Space Agency
Following a European open call for tenders, the technology

multinational GMV, European industrial provider in Space
Situational Awareness (SSA) and Space Surveillance and Tracking
(SST), has been awarded a new contract by the German Space Agency
at DLR for developing progressive and advanced SST data processing
algorithms for the German Space Situational Awareness Centre
(GSSAC), located in Uedem, Germany.
To foster the development of an SST capability in Europe, the EU

established in 2014 (through decision No. 541/2014/EU of the European
Parliament and of the Council of April 16, 2014) a Framework for Space
Surveillance and Tracking Support.
The aim of this Support Framework is to develop an independent SSA/

SST capability in Europe by EU SST. Since then, the incipient national SST
capabilities in the countries within the EU SST consortium (Germany,
France, UK, Italy, and Spain since 2016, as well as Poland, Romania and on GMV’s experience and capabilities in the field. This cataloging
Portugal since 2019; the UK left the consortium in 2021 post-Brexit) have capability is one of the main responsibilities of DLR as part of the German
been federated in a coordinated manner: EU SatCen acts as front desk contribution to the EU SST system.
for the SST services provided by the EU SST consortium.
Both German and Spanish branches of GMV will be involved in the
This new project is part of the data processing activities within EU SST activity, working with teams located in Munich, Darmstadt, and Madrid.
under the German Space Agency’s responsibility. Its main objective is GMV leads EU SST contracts in 5 countries (Spain, France, Germany,
to develop, validate and integrate advanced orbit propagation, orbit Poland, and Romania) and has additional capabilities and contracts in
determination, and data correlation algorithms aimed at achieving an the UK and Portugal in the SST domain. All in all, more than 70 GMV
overall improved catalog build-up and maintenance capability, based engineers work at GMV on SSA/SST activities, making it the largest SSA/
SST industry and team in Europe.
HQR445C
RF Design
4+1 Redundant Line Amplifier
Scalable from 1+1 to 4+1 redundancy
Variable gain control 0 - 40dB
Slope equalization
RF power monitoring
Threshold alarming
Hot swappable active components
1:1 redundant dual power supply
Local and remote configuraiton

03 - 06 December 2021
Meet with us at
RAI Amsterdam
Hall 1 / Booth #F59
Amsterdam / Netherlands
RF-Design/Germany │ contact@rf-design-online.de │ www.rf-design-online.de

INFOBEAM
NASA’s Lucy spacecraft launched aboard an Atlas V rocket starting it 12-year mission to the Trojan asteroids.
Lucy Launched
Humankind is one step closer to unlocking new knowledge about

he formation of our solar system, thanks to a spacecraft named Lucy
built by Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT). The NASA mission successfully The Lucy mission is a joint mission of NASA’s Goddard Spaceflight
was successfully launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station by Center, the Southwest Research Institute and NASA’s Launch Services
United Launch Alliance at 5:34 a.m. ET on October 16, 2021. Program (LSP) based at Kennedy Space Center.
The ULA Atlas V 401 configuration rocket delivered the Lucy spacecraft
into an interplanetary trajectory, which included a 14 ft. (4-m) large
payload fairing (LPF). The Atlas booster was powered by the RD AMROSS
RD-180 engine. Aerojet Rocketdyne provided the RL10C-1 engine for the
The spacecraft was designed, built and tested in Lockheed Martin’s Centaur upper stage.
Littleton facility, using transformative technology. The company’s
mission operations team is now in communications with the spacecraft
and will operate it through the end of its mission.
SatMagazine Page 16 October 2021

INFOBEAM
RD AMROSS RD-180 engine.
Download
This was the 89th launch of an Atlas V rocket and 21st mission launched
on an Atlas V and follows the launch of Landsat 9 from Vandenberg
Space Force Base last month — ULA has launched 146 times with 100
the CPI
percent mission success. ULA’s next launch is STP-3 for the U.S. Space
Force, planned for November 22, 2021, from Cape Canaveral Space
Force Station, Florida.
mobile app!
HPA RF calculator
Quickly access HPA data sheets
TWTA/SSPA product finder
Convenient contact info
Lucy in the cleanroom. Photo is courtesy of Lockheed Martin.
Lucy will be the farthest solar-powered mission from the Sun and will
visit a record-breaking number of asteroids — all in the name of studying
Search: CPI Satcom

them for clues about our own origins. Lucy’s 4-billion-mile odyssey
through the solar system will last 12 years and fly by eight objects: one
Main Belt asteroid and seven Trojan asteroids that lead and trail Jupiter
in its orbit. Scientists are keen for an up-close look at these ancient
rocks, which are believed to be pristinely preserved leftovers from the
formation of our outer solar system 4 billion years ago.

INFOBEAM
• L’LORRI (Long Range Reconnaissance Imager), Johns
Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory — Functioning
like the Hubble Space Telescope, this telescopic camera will
take black and white images of the Trojans from afar and
produce incredibly detailed, high resolution visuals of things
like craters on their surfaces — even though the asteroids are
not illuminated by any light source. If you were standing on
one end of a football field, you’d be able to see a fly on the
other end of the field with L’LORRI.Thanks to its ability to look
across large distances, L’LORRI will also help Lucy orient itself
and navigate through space.
• L’TES (Thermal Emission Spectrometer), Arizona State

University —Think of this as the world’s most sophisticated
thermometer. It will measure the infrared energy emitted
by the asteroids as the sun warms them and detect unique
spectral signatures of individual minerals and other surface
properties.
Lucy builds on years of technology from numerous Lockheed Martin

These asteroids — which draw their name from a similarly epic story planetary missions, such as Mars Odyssey, OSIRIS-REx and InSight,
in Greek mythology — may contain carbon, water and other volatile among others.
compounds necessary for life and could possibly give us a glimpse into
the physical environment that existed when the planets formed, as well “Seeing Lucy start her journey reinforces the strength of the 500 team
as the conditions that fostered their formation. members from NASA, Lockheed Martin, the Southwest Research Institute and
many other teams who worked together to bring this mission to life,” said
Until now, scientists have only been able to study these small, primitive Rich Lipe, Lockheed Martin Lucy program manager. “It’s a tale centered
bodies with ground-based and Earth-orbiting telescopes. That changes on flexibility, collaboration and ingenuity, which is fitting for the voyage that
with Lucy. lies ahead for this advanced spacecraft.”
Lucy’s orbital trajectory is one of the most complex of any Discovery “We are honored to partner with NASA to launch this one-of-a-kind mission
mission: 12 years, eight asteroids and two Earth-gravity slingshots. and are proud to add the Lucy mission to the Trojan Asteroids to our list of
Southwest Research Institute’s Brian Sutter spent hours of work figuring exploration launch successes,” said Gary Wentz, ULA vice president of
out how to do this. Image credit: Southwest Research Institute Government and Commercial Programs. “We are very proud to launch this
spacecraft on its historic 12-year journey to eight different asteroids, and
Key features of the Lucy spacecraft include: thank our mission partners for their teamwork.”
• Some 430 unique components, brought together by more Lockheed Martin Space designed, built, tested and operates Lucy out
than 2 miles of wire, 170 square feet of composite structure of its Littleton, Colorado, facility. NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
and more than 12,800 electrical connections in Greenbelt, Maryland, provides overall mission management,
systems engineering and safety and mission assurance. The Boulder,
• Three powerful, primary instruments to study the geology, Colorado branch of Southwest Research Institute, headquartered in
composition and structure of the Trojan asteroids San Antonio, TX, is the principal investigator institution. Instruments
were contributed by NASA Goddard, Arizona State University and
• Two 24-foot diameter solar arrays built by Northrop Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. Marshall Space Flight
Grumman, spanning more than a four-story building Center in Huntsville, Alabama, manages the Discovery Program for
when unfurled the agency’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington, D.C.
• A robust thermal design that protects Lucy from extreme

space temperatures ranging from -250˚to +300˚F
• Autonomous software that enables Lucy to track asteroid

targets as it flies by at an average speed of 15,000 mph
• Advanced production parts like 3D-printed brackets and

harness clamps, made from three different materials
The team also made use of the latest collaborative tools and digital
engineering techniques on Lucy, including automated testing, digital test
review capability and remote collaboration. These tactics helped the team
continue production without missing a shift throughout the pandemic.
The spacecraft carries updated versions of three heritage instruments…
• L’Ralph, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center — This

camera is capable of taking images of the Trojan asteroids
on the visible and infrared spectrums. Its images will help
scientists determine what the Trojans’ surfaces are made of as
they look for the presence of things like ice, hydrated minerals
and other organic materials.

INFOBEAM
Fourth Kleos Space Smallsat Spaceflight provided the integration, mission management, and launch
services for the successful launch of the Vigilance Mission satellites on its
Cluster Contracts Signed SXRS-5 mission in June of 2021 and has already been engaged by Kleos
for the upcoming Patrol Mission launch.
Kleos successfully launched its Scouting Mission and Vigilance Mission

satellites in November of 2020 and June of 2021 respectively. The
company’s Patrol Mission satellites are progressing through the build
process and on track for an expected January 2022 launch onboard a
SpaceX Falcon 9. Identical to the upcoming Patrol Mission satellites
(KSF2), the Observer Mission will provide increased capacity and more
frequent revisit times.
Each new cluster increases Kleos’

sensing and intelligence gathering
capacity, generating potential for
higher-value data products and
tiered subscription licenses. Kleos’
satellites detect and geolocate
radio frequency transmissions
to improve the Intelligence,
Kleos Space S.A (ASX:KSS, Frankfurt:KS1) has signed new contracts Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
with satellite builder Innovative Solutions in Space B.V. (ISISPACE) and (ISR) capabilities of governments
global launch services provider Spaceflight Inc. to build and manage and commercial entities.
the launch of the company’s fourth satellite cluster of four satellites —
the Observer Mission (KSF3) scheduled for orbit in mid-2022. The firm’s independent geolocation
data enhances the detection of
illegal activity, including piracy,
drug and people smuggling,
border security challenges and
illegal fishing, and is available to
qualified subscribers as-a-service.
Final mission costs incurred are
anticipated to be comparable with
publicly available satellite build and space rideshare costs and within the
envelope of the cost of a launch advised within the prospectus.
Kleos Space CEO, Andy Bowyer, said, “We are rapidly building our
constellation, using funds from our recent capital raise to commit to our fourth
satellite cluster build and launch. Each new launch enables us to improve
satellite data collection and increase revisits over key areas of interest for our
customers. The Observer Mission increases the revenue opportunity from
existing subscribers and caters to the needs of our growing global pipeline.
Spaceflight and ISISPACE have proven to be effective partners for both our
Kleos’ fourth satellite cluster complements the 37-degree orbit of the Vigilance Mission and upcoming Patrol Mission launch. We are leveraging
‘Scouting Mission’ and SSO of the ‘Vigilance Mission’ and ‘Patrol Mission’ their experience to accelerate the build and launch of our Observer Mission.”
satellites, with up to a further 119 million km2 data collection capacity per
day (Vigilance and Patrol Missions each have similar data collect capacity). Jeroen Rotteveel, CEO of ISISPACE, said, “We are proud to be expanding
our strategic partnership with Kleos to build and support the launch of their
fourth satellite cluster. Our extensive nanosatellite experience spans design,
manufacturing and operation complementing Kleos’ in-house engineering
Kleos Space S.A.- 26, rue des Gaulois - L-1618 Luxembourg - ARBN 625 668 733
/ RCS B215591 2 expertise. We look forward to continuing to work with Kleos
to increase satellite capability, leveraging learnings from earlier launches.”
Marcy Mabry, Spaceflight’s Mission Manager, added, “We are delighted

to be working with Kleos again to launch its small satellite payload into a
500-600km Sun Synchronous orbit. Our portfolio of frequent launch options
provides unmatched flexibility and reliability, ensuring Kleos’ growing
constellation gets to orbit when and where they want. Kleos’ satellite
technology addresses a real-world need, providing precision geolocation
Netherlands-based ISISPACE will provide Kleos with a turnkey solution data to improve situational awareness and disrupt illegal activity.”
for the four Observer Mission satellites, including design, development,
production, testing, launch integration services, and support for
checkout and commissioning”. ISISPACE has more than 15 years’ smallsat
experience, successfully built Kleos’ ‘Vigilance Mission’ (KSF1) and is
currently building the ‘Patrol Mission’ (KSF2) satellites.

INFOBEAM
Setting The Stage For Launches from a pre-existing runway, with a target of making Oita a LauncherOne-
ready spaceport by as soon as the end of 2022, pending appropriate
From Japan Is Virgin Orbit’s MoU regulatory approvals in the United States and Japan.
With ANA Holdings Japan’s aerospace industry has long been at the forefront of satellite
technology innovation. However, the available launch services in Japan
– and throughout all of Asia – have always been launched from fixed
sites on the ground. Supported by ANA’s premier logistics and transport
services, Virgin Orbit is set to change that by bringing air-launch to the
Eastern Hemisphere for the first time in history.
By using a customized 747 as its flying launch pad, mobile mission

control, and fully re-usable first stage, LauncherOne gains a substantial
performance boost over a similarly sized ground-launched system.
Additionally, the airplane’s ability to cover large distances between
taking off and releasing the rocket provides both weather resiliency and
direct-inject orbital flexibility that, until now, has never been available on
Virgin Orbit in a planned business combination with NextGen the Asian market.
Acquisition Corp. II (“NextGen”) (NASDAQ: NGCA) has announced
that the company has entered into a memorandum of understanding Virgin Orbit’s flight-proven, air-launch service provides a unique
(“MOU”) with ANA HOLDINGS, Inc., the owners of Japan’s largest capability for ANA’s customer base in the booming commercial
airline, to procure 20 flights of the LauncherOne rocket and to lead ecosystem for space in Asia.
the effort to provide funds and support for those orbital missions to
launch from Japan’s Oita Prefecture. The number of space start-ups in Japan has more than doubled since
2015, driven by increasing level of investment and government activities
to energize and accelerate the private sector. The increasing amount of
funding and investment in the space industry has encouraged start-ups
to venture into space businesses, and legacy companies to expand their
offerings – and launch is a critical enabler for those businesses and their
future growth.
The terms of the MoU call for ANA HOLDINGS and several of its partners
to fund the manufacturing of a new set of the mobile, ground support
equipment used to prepare Virgin Orbit’s LauncherOne system for flight
High-Speed verSI Connectors

• Space-flight heritage — designed into launch vehicles and satellites
• Small footprint frees up real estate on the PCB, within your cable harness, or on any
electronic unit
• 4 points-of-contact means ultra reliability no matter how rough the ride on Earth or space
• Sizes from 10 to 500 positions giving systems designers needed flexibility
w w w . a i r b o r n . c o m
INFOBEAM
SkyLink For Land, Sea + Air Rogue Space Completes
Applications Debuts From Several Milestones
Blue Sky Network
Rogue Space Systems Corporation, a U.S. company developing a smart

spacecraft program and planning to offer transport and in-space
services to the growing space market, has closed their initial round of
investment to support the development of their spacecraft programs.
Rogue’s first generation of orbital servicing vehicles, (Orbots™) Laura,

Charlie, Fred, and Bob, are all equipped with highly sophisticated
Blue Sky Network has announced SkyLink, a dual-mode, data sensors, cameras, robotics, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) software.
management solution for land, air, sea, and IoT applications — the
product is now shipping to customers. This comprehensive software Rogue successfully completed several major milestones in less than a
and hardware configuration was specifically engineered to capture year since establishing their operations and entering the space industry.
and disseminate mission-critical information from any location. The total raise of $1.6 million consists of $500,000.00 in cash, and a
Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the
SkyLink by Blue Sky Network is powered by Iridium Certus® satellite Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) valued at $1.1 million of in-kind services,
technology and also uses local GSM/LTE networks to create a low- which was announced in December of 2020. One of the major milestones
latency, dual-mode, cloud-based, service solution. The SkyLink achieved was attaining AFRL’s sponsorship of their demonstration mission
ecosystem consists of lightweight, small-form factor devices as well as next fall in 2022 on a launch through the DoD Space Test Program.
powerful web-based applications that deliver internet connectivity and a
suite of IoT/M2M capabilities to and from any location on Earth. In June of 2021, Rogue Space signed its first customer, Orbital Assembly
Corporation (OAC), the world’s first large-scale space construction
Devices can be installed in a vehicle, carried by a lone worker, affixed company. OAC will lease two Laura Orbital Robot (Orbots™) spacecrafts
to an outdoor mast, or mounted inside a building, vessel, or aircraft. As to Orbital Assembly for their P-STAR Mission to launch construction
a certified Iridium Connected® solution, SkyLink is ideal for use in areas technologies for the first low gravity space hotel.
where satellite service is required, cellular connection is spotty, or assets
are moving in and out of cellular range. Laura will provide observation and inspection services to Orbital
Assembly, marking the first time a mission of this type has been
Recently, SkyLink won the 2021 MSUA Satellite Mobile Innovation conducted between two commercial organizations. Laura will
Awards Chairman’s Award for Outstanding Innovation. The accompany the P-STAR system on its launch planned for 2023. Once
Mobile Satellite Users Association (MSUA) is a global, not-for-profit the launch vehicle reaches the deployment location, the Orbots™ will
organization that focuses on amplifying the voice of satellite mobile take position to monitor the P-STAR deployment. After deployment,
services users and innovators. SkyLink was honored with this award the Orbots™ will perch in various stand-off locations around P-STAR to
because it “provides a versatile air, land, and sea solution that enhances record the complete demonstration.
the safety and efficiency of operations, even in the most remote, austere
locations on the planet,” according to the MSUA. “Rogue is squarely on course to deliver our demonstration mission with our
Laura Orbot leading the way. Laura is being designed, engineered, built, and
In June 0f 2021, Blue Sky Network announced a partnership with delivered to space in an unparalleled timeframe, all during and through the
Maritime Tactical Systems, Inc. (MARTAC), a provider of Maritime COVID-19 pandemic. I believe this accomplishment speaks volumes about
Unmanned Surface Vessels (USVs), and began integrating SkyLink on the talent, fortitude, and dynamic capabilities of our team. Rogue is now
that company’s vessels with great success. looking to the future to scale our engineering and operations by seeking
institutional investors. This new round of funding will take us through and
Iridium Executive Vice President, Bryan Hartin, said, “Blue Sky Network beyond our demonstration mission, and into our first revenues projected to
has exceeded expectations with the creativity and versatility of their Iridium begin early next year,” said Jeromy Grimmett, Rogue Space CEO. “We are
Certus mid-band solution. Iridium Certus is a unique service platform in that on the path to becoming the premier provider, and leader of in-space robotic
it’s able to scale in both device size and speed to meet the end-user needs, and transport services for the space industry.”
and BSN nailed it with SkyLink.”
“We are proud to be shipping the inaugural Iridium Certus mid-band solution
for land mobile, IoT and maritime markets,” said Tucker Morrison, CEO of
Blue Sky Network. “There is an immediate need for this platform of solutions
and the dedication from our Blue Sky Network team has paid off. Our end
users were also instrumental in form and function, and it has been rewarding
to witness its success in action.”

INFOBEAM
Rocket Lab’s Upcoming “As one of only two companies to recover an orbital-class booster from space,
we’ve proven it’s possible to make Electron the world’s first orbital-class
Launch Of BlackSky Smallsats reusable small launch vehicle,” said Peter Beck, Rocket Lab founder and
CEO. “We’ve perfected Electron’s controlled descent, demonstrated flawless
To Attempt 1st Stage Electron parachute deployment, and successfully plucked stages from the ocean. Now
we’re gearing up for the next stage – preparing to use a helicopter to catch
Rocket Ocean Recovery a rocket as it descends to Earth from space. It’s ambitious, but with each
recovery mission we’ve iterated and refined the hardware and processes to
make the impossible ordinary. I’m excited to take what we learn from this
launch and put it into practice with aerial capture missions in future.”
The ‘Love At First Insight’ mission follows two previous ocean

splashdown recovery missions; the ‘Return to Sender’ mission in
November 2020, and the ‘Running Out of Toes’ mission in May 2021. A
live stream of the launch and real-time updates of recovery operations
for ‘Love At First Insight’ will be available on Rocket Lab’s social media
channels and website.
Approximately two and a half minutes after lift-off, the nine Rutherford
engines on Electron’s first stage will shut down and Electron’s first and
second stages will separate. Electron’s second stage will continue with
the customer’s payload to space, where the Kick Stage will separate and
deploy the satellites. Following stage separation, Electron’s first stage
will begin its descent. A cold-gas reaction control system will position the
stage on an ideal angle to re-enter the atmosphere.
While descending, Electron’s first stage is expected to experience intense

Rocket Lab USA, Inc. will attempt a controlled, ocean splashdown heat and pressure while traveling up to eight times the speed of sound
and recovery of the first stage of an Electron rocket during the before significantly decelerating to enable a drogue parachute to be
company’s next launch in November. deployed. At approximately seven and a half minutes into the mission,
Electron’s drogue parachute will be deployed at around 43,000 ft (13 km)
The mission will be Rocket Lab’s third ocean recovery of an Electron altitude. This drogue parachute both increases the booster’s drag and
stage; however, it will be the first time a helicopter will be stationed stabilizes its descent as it approaches the ocean.
in the recovery zone around 200 nautical miles offshore to track and
visually observe a descending stage in preparation for future aerial Earlier and higher than on previous flights, the large main parachute
capture attempts. The helicopter will not attempt a mid-air capture for will be deployed less than a minute after the drogue, at an altitude
this mission but will test communications and tracking to refine the of 19,000 ft (5.7 km) to further slow the stage and enable a controlled
concept of operations (CONOPS) for future Electron aerial capture. splashdown. A key objective of this mission is to increase the drift-time
of Electron’s first stage to test communications and tracking for future
The ‘Love At First Insight’ mission is scheduled to lift-off from Launch aerial recovery efforts.
Complex 1 in New Zealand during a 14-day launch window that opens
on November 11, 2021, UTC. The mission’s primary objective is to deploy Upon receiving the all-clear from the recovery team stationed at sea,
two Earth Observation (EO) satellites for global monitoring company a nearby helicopter will be deployed to sight the returning stage and
BlackSky, with the secondary objective to splash down and recover observe its descent to record data that will help refine Electron aerial
Electron’s first stage to further validate Rocket Lab’s recovery operations capture CONOPS. Once in the ocean, Rocket Lab engineers will attempt
and hardware. to retrieve the stage onboard their vessel with their purpose-built Ocean
Recovery and Capture Apparatus (ORCA), a specialized cradle and winch
Rocket Lab will be tracking the stage’s descent from space and as it system manufactured to Electron specifications and dimensions, before
approaches 19,000 ft (5.7 km) from the ocean surface, a helicopter will transporting the stage back to Rocket Lab’s production complex for
be dispatched to conduct reconnaissance of the returning booster. analysis and inspection.
The ‘Love At First Insight’ mission will also include new recovery
hardware developments to Electron including an advanced parachute The ‘Love At First Insight’ mission is the latest in a multi-launch
to be deployed from the first stage at a higher-altitude, allowing for agreement signed earlier this year for BlackSky between Rocket Lab
a slower drift back to Earth to test communications and tracking for and Spaceflight Inc., which is providing integration and mission
future aerial recovery. management services for BlackSky. This mission will deploy the eighth
and ninth satellites of BlackSky’s planned constellation as part of that
Electron also features improvements to the first stage heat shield which rapid-launch agreement, with another four Gen-2 smallsats across the
protects the rocket’s nine Rutherford engines while they endure up to two additional Electron dedicated missions to follow.
2200 °C heat and incredible pressure on the descent back to Earth. A
team of Rocket Lab engineers and technicians will again be stationed at
sea with their purpose-built Ocean Recovery and Capture Apparatus
(ORCA) to retrieve the stage from the ocean and return it to Rocket Lab’s
production complex in New Zealand for analysis and inspection.
The rocket engine, named Rutherford after the famous New Zealand
scientist Ernest Rutherford, is a Lox/Kerosene regenerative cooled pump
fed engine that is intended to be the future workhorse for Rocket Lab orbital
launcher program. Rutherford test firing photo is courtesy of the company.

Enduring Performance
Purpose-Built Technology
that is simple, reliable & easy to use.
RL3430 Beacon Receiver

§ Compact 1U design, purpose built for longevity
§ Flexible interface options (Analog, 232, Ethernet)
§ Analog summary fault output
§ Available in L, C, Ku, X and Ka bands
See all of our reliable 3430 series Beacon Receivers at RadeusLabs.com
Contact us today for a site visit!

Contact Us SALES (858) 602-1255 | Sales@RadeusLabs.com | Radeuslabs.com radeus
labs, inc.
(858) 391-1210 • 12720 Danielson Court • Poway, CA 92064 USA
INFOBEAM
Better Climate Data Through 10x that require higher performance such as drones or autonomous vehicles.
This service should be available in 2022.
More Accurate
The hardware of the devices remains unchanged. ESA, for example, is
Satellite Navigation having the RUAG Space navigation receiver PODRIX already delivered
to it for the Sentinel-1C environmental satellite upgraded with this new
software for on-orbit validation of the satellite. The Sentinel-1C satellite
built by Thales Alenia Space will be launched in 2022.
However, navigation receivers from RUAG Space that process Galileo

signals already ensure precise positioning. These include the one for
the Sentinel-6 Copernicus satellite, which has been in space since
November 2020. It measures the extent of sea-level change and provides
important data on coastal areas at risk from sea-level rise.
“The more accurately the satellite’s position can be determined, the more
precise the environmental data it collects and provides. This potentially
unlocks new observations and predictions essential to cope with the effects
of climate crisis, for example in exposed coastal cities such as Venice,” said
Fiammetta Diani, Head of Market Development at the European Union
Agency for the Space Program (EUSPA).
New software from RUAG Space makes it possible to determine the real- Avoiding Satellite Accidents + Space Debris
time position of a satellite in space ten times more precisely. More accurate data about a satellite’s position also helps prevent
Image is courtesy of RUAG Space. satellites from colliding in space, thus providing better space situational
awareness (SSA). When satellites collide in orbit, a lot of satellite debris
Satellites provide important data on climate and the environment is created. Due to the high speed in orbit, even the smallest debris
every day. According to initial tests, new software from RUAG Space particles pose a huge threat to other satellites.
can determine 10x more accurately the real-time position of a
satellite in space. “The more precise the position of a satellite is known, the better a potential
accident can be predicted and, for example, evasive manoeuvres can be
Every day, satellites provide important data for climate and carried out. Our more accurate satellite positioning data helps to avoid
environmental research, such as how high sea levels are rising or what space debris,” said Heinz Reichinger of RUAG Space.
effects global warming is having on glacier retreats in the Alps. The more
precise the satellite data, the more accurate the scientists’ predictions. New Navigation System For Satellite Swarms
That is why RUAG Space is working on a study for the European Union In the coming years, the launch of many satellite swarms of hundreds to
to determine the position of satellites more precisely, which in turn will thousands of smallsats in LEO are planned. For such swarms of identical
enable better satellite data on climate change, for example. satellites, RUAG Space is developing a low-cost navigation receiver that
is lighter and smaller than conventional devices and already includes the
Tests Exceeded Expectations new software capable of processing the additional Galileo HAS signals as
RUAG Space recently conducted its first tests on Earth. This involved a standard feature. The new receivers, called NavRix PinPoint, are more
testing new software with an existing navigation receiver for RUAG cost-effective due to the use of standardized electronic components
Space satellites under simulated space conditions. With an accuracy of 10 (Commercial Off the Shelf—COTS).
centimeters, the test results even exceeded the original expectations of
accuracy of 20 centimeters. About The Study
At the start of 2021, EUSPA awarded a research contract worth one
“The result was impressive,” said Heinz Reichinger, Technical lead million euros to RUAG Space. The aim of the study, to be completed in
engineer for navigation receivers and signal processing. “We were able to 2022, is to increase the positioning accuracy of satellites. More about the
determine the satellite’s position ten times more accurately than previously study: www.ruag.com/en/newspaper
possible.” Position accuracy improved from about 100 centimeters to
10 centimeters. “This is a quantum leap in high-precision positioning of
satellites,”
The higher accuracy was achieved with a new software program. In

addition to conventional signals, the software can also process an
additional position signal from the European Global Navigation Satellite
System, Galileo. To determine the exact position of satellites, RUAG
Space’s latest navigation receivers combine signals from both Galileo
and the American GPS system.
“We are using the Galileo signal to position satellites that are in space. But
there is currently untapped potential in the Galileo satellites as they transmit
signals in several frequency bands,” said Martin Auer, who is leading
the study at RUAG Space, adding, “A software update can be played on
navigation receivers already in space as well as receivers we’ve already
delivered to customers and are still on Earth.”
With the Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS), Galileo will pioneer a
worldwide, free high-accuracy positioning service aimed at applications NavRIX PinPoint GNSS Receiver.

INFOBEAM
Boeing Broadband Satellite
Constellation Now Authorized By
The FCC
The Federal Communications Commission has approved an

application from The Boeing Company for a license to construct, The order also dismisses Boeing’s request to operate ISLs in certain
deploy and operate a satellite constellation. frequency bands that are not allocated internationally for operations of
the FSS in the space-to-space direction in the ITU Radio Regulations.
As detailed in its FCC application, Boeing plans to provide broadband
and communications services for residential, commercial, institutional, “Advanced satellite broadband services have an important role to play in
governmental, and professional users in the United States and globally. connecting hard-to-serve communities,” said FCC Chairwoman Jessica
Rosenworcel. “We are committed to a careful and detailed review of all
This order approves Boeing’s application for non-geostationary orbit such applications and I thank the International Bureau team for their work
fixed-satellite service system using frequencies in portions of the V-band completing this first round of NGSO applications.”
(the 37.5-40, 40-42, 47.2-50.2 and 50.4-51.4 GHz bands), and to operate
inter-satellite links (ISLs) using frequencies in portions of the V-band (65-
71 GHz band).
Deploy Ruggedized High-Performance

Intelligent BUCs to your Criical SatCom
Operaions Anywhere.
Explore all models at TerrasatInc.com
New

INFOBEAM
OHB Sweden To Use ANYWAVES’
Antennas In The Arctic
So far, this first order from OHB Sweden, amounts to tens of thousands
When weather conditions are decidedly cold, accuracy in weather of euros for the French antennas manufacturer. It could reach several
predictions must be observed. hundreds of thousands of euros should the decision be made to
continue to build out this constellation.
OHB Sweden has been appointed as the prime contractor for the
development of this a European Space Agency Arctic satellite When ESA launched the Arctic Weather Satellite project, its objective was
program and will use ANYWAVES antennas for satellite telemetry, to embrace a New Space approach by proving new concepts in a cost-
telecommand, geolocation and also for the data downlink. effective and timely manner.
By 2024, OHB Sweden, as well as ANYWAVES as the payload antennas

provider, will both try to demo the usefulness of radiometric
measurements in improving weather predictions. Their teams are already
working to achieve their mission and to pave the way to a new European
satellite constellation.
According to Nicolas Capet, ANYWAVES’ CEO, “This order from OHB

Sweden is very significant. First, because being once again selected by an
historical European satellites manufacturer is the recognition of OHB’s
expertise. Then, because Arctic Weather Satellite‘s mission perfectly pictures
what space can bring to humanity: and a better understanding of Earth as
well as a major benefit for citizens thanks to better weather forecasting.“
According to Benoit Mathieu, OHB Sweden’s CEO, “OHB Sweden is

happy to collaborate with the well-established antenna manufacturer
ANYWAVES as their products fit the full range of antennas needed for
this mission.”
By providing global measurements of atmospheric temperature and

humidity with frequent revisit times, the polar-orbiting Arctic Weather
Satellite (AWS) mission will complement the European MetOp
and its U.S. counterpart, the NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System.
This satellite’s launch is scheduled for 2024 and a constellation may
follow this prototype mission, aiming to allow very short-range weather
forecasting, or ‘nowcasting’, in the Arctic.
The AWS will have onboard three different types of antennas to be

delivered by ANYWAVES no later than December 2022.
Regarding the telemetry and telecommand, S-Band TT&C antennas will

be supplied. Orbiting at a 600 km altitude, AWS’ geolocation will be
possible as a result of an L1/E1 band antenna designed via ANYWAVES’
secrete sauce based on additive manufacturing.
Lastly, the payload antenna will ensure that the real-time data downlink
will be accomplished using an L-Band antenna; a key equipment for the
mission success. The antennas will determine the success of this mission.

INFOBEAM
Leanspace Emerges From The commercialization of the space industry is bringing a myriad of new
and innovative space programs, ranging from smallsat constellations,
Stealth Mode to launchers, to on-orbit services. As every use case is unique, they all
require establishing new, custom, ground software infrastructures to
manage their operations.
“I’ve spent the last decade building and selling ground segment software,
from bespoke solutions to off-the-shelf products. The truth is: 80% is always
the same,“ said Guillaume Tanier, co-founder and CEO of Leanspace.
“What is specific for each space mission is the use case, the 20%. But, for
example, people rebuild their ground segment from scratch each time. In the
era of commercialization of space, it does not make sense anymore.”
The Leanspace cloud provides the common building blocks of space

software, accessible in a Platform-as-a-Service model. Engineers will
find a large collection of standardized, generic web services that they
can use through simple APIs. With them, they can build bespoke
software systems, such as monitoring and control, mission planning,
satellite testing, or configuration management. They can do this work
Leanspace has announced the company’s launch out of stealth mode themselves; 5x faster, 2x cheaper, easily and in a scalable way.
and has already signed several, major customers. A Seraphim Space
backed start-up, the firm has already raised over two million euros in Every space player leverages the benefits of digital transformation:
seed funding from institutions and angel networks. scalability of the cloud, digital engineering, and modular, iterative
developments. However, the missing piece is the ability to link together
The company’s first offering is the Leanspace Cloud, a technology tools, data and third party services, in a seamless, integrated ecosystem.
enabling space organizations designed to easily build integrated,
software ecosystems to run space missions. It will be launched at the Leveraging the Leanspace Cloud makes it possible to create collaborative
SpaceTechExpo in Bremen, Germany, via a public demonstration systems that operate as a Single source of Truth, across assets, teams and
event in partnership with ClearSpace, the International Astronautical business phases. It enables digital processes and more business agility
Federation (IAF) and the International Space University (ISU). than ever before.

A Conversation With: Frederik Simoens
Chief Technology Officer (CTO), ST Engineering iDirect
The New Space journey starts... and ends... on the ground...
A discussion with Frederik Simoens on how the future How are the satellite and telco industries evolving and what
of satellite connectivity is driven by the relationship implications does this have for the ground segment?
between space and nd innovation.
Frederik Simoens
We are hearing about a New Ground movement, We identify two key evolutions driving a momentous change in the ground
spearheaded by ST Engineering iDirect. Can you segment. On the one hand, we have New Space. This is a term that
explain what this is? describes the innovations that are making satellites more powerful, pushing
the industry to the cusp of the biggest transformation in its history. This
Frederik Simoens involves a move from GEO satellites to a hybrid mix of GEO, LEO and MEO
Our industry is going through some important changes at and Non-Geostationary Orbits (NGSOs). Satellites are becoming software
Frederik Simoens
the moment. There are technological advances in the space defined and dynamic offering new possibilities and greater flexibility.
segment (so-called New Space), and IT/telco convergence on On the other hand, Telco is moving toward the 5G mobile standard, which will be a
the ground. Our New Ground movement aims to provide an answer to these evolutions. universal architecture integrating every form of access technology into one common
Ground systems are where, in my view, the real magic of satellite network. Telco is also adopting critical IT advances like standardization, virtualization,
communications happens: The waveforms, the efficiency of the and orchestration to improve the speed, scale, cost, and flexibility of service delivery.
communications, Quality of Experience (QoE), and the achievable Satellite has a significant role to play in the evolution of the Telco industry as
throughput are completely determined by the ground segment. it brings unique attributes such as its geographical reach which connects remote
Today we’re seeing ground-based space technologies evolve from physical regions. As an industry we need to understand the changes that are occurring
structures and standalone networks to virtual environments in the cloud. We’re also with respect to 5G and New Space to accelerate and ensure a successful
seeing a shift to allow satellite to blend in seamlessly with every other type of access transition and to ensure that satellite takes its place as an integral part of the
technology to create full interoperability within the end-to-end converged 5G network. new connectivity landscape.
Our industry must orchestrate satellite services across multi-orbit and terrestrial
links to provide more flexibility in a cloud-based environment and facilitate this What challenges exist for ground segment providers in making
transformation. The New Ground movement seeks to highlight and facilitate the this happen? Tell us more about what roles orchestration,
advancements of the ground segment, driven by these technological progressions virtualization and standardization play?
and shifts, to create a fully transparent multi-access and multi-orbit future. We
consider it integral to bringing our industry’s vision for technology and service
innovation to life and taking it to a critical next level.

Frederik Simoens
There are multiple challenges that face ground segment providers as the
changes that are going on in space encompass a lot of new elements,
capabilities and innovations. New constellations will comprise hundreds, even
thousands of high-capacity satellites that form a dynamic network. Therefore,
the ground systems we oversee must work with satellites in multiple orbits,
across multiple bandwidths and with multi-access technologies. As the ground
segment industry, we can leverage innovation enablers such as orchestration,
virtualization and standardization to ensure seamless and dynamic service
delivery. Let me offer some examples of how these technologies apply:
Orchestration will allow Service Providers to coordinate and

access multiple paths over LEO, MEO, GEO and terrestrial links
to provide more flexibility and higher scalability in a hybrid,
cloud-based environment. It also ensures that services are monitoring information. Network-based personalization will drive value-added
implemented in an automated, expedient and seamless manner services and providers will be able to interact collaboratively with the network at
as needed various abstraction layers.
Virtualization brings improved scalability, performance and

security. It allows customers to easily scale up or scale down
deployments in a dynamic manner. It will also reduce overall Do you believe that ground segment providers are ready
operational complexity and will also be necessary to get to a and up to the job? Can we meet these deadlines in time to
fully digitalized ground network that can integrate within the accommodate the new constellations and the coming of 5G?
telecom 5G fabric.
Frederik Simoens
Standardization will also be crucial to facilitate Yes, without a doubt, and we know this because we are constantly engaged
interoperability which will in turn advance our industry as with our ground segment industry colleagues.
a whole. There are many standards that will need to be Speaking for ST Engineering iDirect, with our strong heritage of pushing
developed and adopted: the interface with satellites, at the boundaries and our pioneering nature, we’re taking ground technology to a
gateway and on the modem. This will take an industry-wide completely new level. We have a well-established and strong customer base.
commitment to work with standards such as MEF, 3GPP It’s a relationship and trust that has been built up over decades in many cases.
and 5GPP that already exist in the terrestrial world. Our job We have 35 years’ experience in serving our customer’s needs. We know what
now is to adopt them into the satellite world, allowing the their requirements are and how to meet them.
seamless service orchestration
of our ground segment. We are
heavily involved in driving these
standards.
Why is it important that the

satellite ground segment
players come together? How
will operators and service
providers benefit?
Frederik Simoens
New Ground is a broader spirit of
innovation and focused collaboration.
Collaboration across the entire ecosystem inspired by a new spirit of innovation We continue to push barriers across all the technology enablers that we have
that embraces everything New Space, New Ground, Telco and IT can bring talked about. We have just recently introduced our Mx-DMA MRC technology,
the future of connectivity to fruition. Impactful collaboration is built on sharing which is the industry’s most efficient, scalable and dynamic return technology
goals, knowledge, skills and experience and ultimately, sharing success. and drives scale to new dimensions. We also released the industry’s fastest
Through groups and initiatives led by like-minded companies that see VSAT modem (MDM5010) that can moreover change personality between
the importance of coming together to share ideas and innovation, we can being a VSAT modem and a standalone SCPC modem.
push our industry forward instead of holding us back from what’s possible. We are there for the duration on our customer’s journey. It’s integral to us that,
An example of one of these initiatives is the Digital interface Standards (DIS) when they invest in our technology, it will accommodate their requirements
Working Group. This group comprises seven ground segment companies that have both today and well into the future. To find out more about New Ground, visit
come together to promote open standard to replace L-band IF, paving the way for https://www.idirect.net/story/new-ground.
interoperability, improved performance and costs. The group recently put out a call
to the rest of the industry, asking them to come together to fuel this development. www.idirect.net
It’s this kind of collaboration that will allow Service Providers to benefit
from greater flexibility, higher scalability and unprecedented service agility.
End users will enjoy seamless connectivity no matter where they require
it. They will have no idea which method of connectivity is facilitating
their service – satellite, fiber, cellular – it will simply just happen.
The seamless, cloud enabled interworking with satellite technology that
New Ground seeks to realize is also key to enabling competitive services and
strong customer experiences. It can give access to performance, analytics, and

Focus: Capella Space
Exploring Open Data: Capella Space Opens its SAR Data to the Public
Author: Jason Brown, Remote Sensing Image Scientist, Capella Space

2021 has been a momentous year for Capella Space and directly through the Capella Console just like an enterprise customer, and access
all-weather Earth Observation (EO) with synthetic aperture phase and amplitude historical data across all of our SAR Imagery Products —
radar (SAR) technology. Since officially starting our SLC, GEO, GEC and SICD.
commercial operations in January, the company has served
government and commercial customers alike with very
high-resolution, ultra-low latency, 24/7, all-weather data to Open Data for R&D
support better decisions.
These 60 scenes represent a wide variety of geographies and potential use
For the first time in history, Capella Space’s cloud-native approach makes cases, specifically curated to showcase Capella’s products and their utility. This,
SAR data accessible in an easy and intuitive web application, populated by coupled with an Open Data licensing policy, makes Capella’s data ideal for
customer-driven tasking missions with five satellites collecting SAR imagery. As computer vision and machine learning research and development.
our archive rapidly grows, economic, environmental and geopolitical changes
are being experienced. Capella is intent on encouraging and fostering SAR use in the EO community,
particularly among those who haven’t worked with imaging radar in the past.
When Capella was founded almost five years ago, very high-resolution SAR was a Capella provides three imaging modes as products — Spotlight (Spot), Sliding
rare commodity that was available almost exclusively to specialized governments Spotlight (Site) and Stripmap (Strip).
and research intuitions that possessed large budgets. The company wanted to
change that paradigm and make this incredible technology accessible and useful
to the many people developing geospatial insights and algorithms with 24/7 all-
weather EO data. The firm has officially launched the Open Data Program to
the public. This release is a big step in the democratization of SAR, making very
high resolution publicly available for the first time.
The Capella Open Data Program

For those following Capella on social media and in the news, you have seen the
company’s very high-resolution SAR imagery. The Open Data Program provides
access to the underlying SAR data, just as Capella customers interact with our
data products to generate insights and analyses.
This community-led effort is designed to give very high resolution, ultra-low

latency data directly to researchers, nonprofits, developers and disaster response
organizations to foster innovation and discover the next game changing
applications of SAR.
The Open Data Program’s first dataset consists of 60 scenes, covering every
continent with examples from agriculture and aquiculture, energy and natural In Spotlight mode, achieving the highest commercial resolution SAR on the
resources, infrastructure, maritime, environmental, as well as humanitarian and market, the antenna beam is focused on a point on the Earth for an extended
natural disaster use cases. Community members will be able to access the data period of time. Ground resolution is set to be 0.5 meters per pixel, and a special
Figure 1. Global distribution.

radar processing technique called multi-looking is employed to improve image hurricanes, volcanic eruptions and wildfires. This information, when leveraged by
quality. The swath width of the image is determined by the antenna beam size, emergency response teams, has the potential to save lives, and Capella Space
yielding a 5x5 km image footprint on the ground. This imaging mode is useful is committed to providing this critical intelligence to those who need it most.
for detecting and counting objects in granular detail such as multiple classes of
aircraft, among others. The company’s initial Open Data Program data includes high resolution SAR data
that will become very useful for understanding and responding to humanitarian
The Sliding Spotlight imaging mode increases the image length of high- crises and disasters in real-time. Our first public release includes imagery from
resolution spotlight acquisitions to achieve a 5x10 km image footprint on the the La Soufriere volcano eruption on St. Vincent, the 2021 New South Wales
ground. Instead of illuminating a fixed point on the ground, as with spotlight Australian floods and Syrian refugee camps in Jordan, to name just a few.
mode, the collection angle for Sliding Spotlight is slowly varied to scan the
illumination point along the ground. Sliding spotlight provides excellent image
resolution (ground resolution is 1 meter/pixel) with larger area coverage than
spotlight. For example, sliding spotlight would be a great resource for someone
hoping to capture imagery during a flood or hurricane if they didn’t know exactly
what region will be impacted and need to look at a wider area.
Figure 5. Flooding in Windsor, NSW, Australia. Dark areas indicate inundation.
Community is one of the critical pillars in Capella’s values — new datasets are
added as the constellation grows. As natural and human-made disasters occur,
the latest imagery to our Open Data Program will be added and information will
be shared with first responders for more rapid and efficient disaster response.
Figure 3. Sliding Spotlight Image of Jurong Island Port, Singapore
In Stripmap mode the center of the antenna beam moves in tandem with the How To Access The Data
satellite. The ground swath is illuminated while the antenna beam is fixed in look
angle. This results in an even longer image footprint on the ground at 5x5 km. Accessing SAR data has never been easier. Capella Space has provided imagery
The ground resolution of the Stripmap is 2 meters/pixel. Stripmap images are previews of 60 images directly in the company website’s SAR gallery. We have
outlined three simple steps in order to access the underlying data for each
useful for identifying land use and change detection of environmental features. image. Those who access the data will soon be analyzing the highest resolution
commercial SAR data and including them in their own applications:
1) Sign up on our community page

2) We will create a user account for you, subject to approval, to
access the new Capella Open Data Program Collection
3) Log on to the Capella Console with your credentials and
access the entire Open-Data-Program collection
Sign up and join the next generation of SAR users and also xplore Capella
Space’s Open Data at this direct link...
Author Jason Brown is the Remote Sensing Image Scientist

at Capella Space.
Figure 4. Amazon Deforestation, Luna Camba, Santa Cruz, Bolivia www.capellaspace.com
Humanitarian Assistance + Natural Disasters

Open data has the potential to positively impact the lives of many people and
communities. Synthetic Aperture Radar is particularly suited to capture images
during natural and human-made disasters that occlude optical imagery such as

INFOBEAM
Inmarsat Selects Mitsubishi MHI Launch Services enjoys an extremely high success rate of 98.1%
and has provided 47 successful consecutive launches, delivered on-time
Heavy Industries To Launch The and to the customer’s satisfaction. MHI provides a dedicated launch
service for the I-6 F1 launch with the H-IIA Launch Vehicle, configured
I-6 F1 Satellite as H2A204/4S, with 4 Solid Rocket boosters (SRB-As) and 4m diameter
payload fairing.
The core stages of the H2A launch vehicle are undergoing final checks
at MHI’s factory in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, ahead of their shipment to
the launch site on Tanegashima island, Kagoshima Prefecture, which is
located in the southwest of Japan.
“Our first Inmarsat 6 satellite, I-6F1, is the largest and most advanced
commercial communications satellite ever launched and we look forward
to the event in Japan with our trusted partner, MHI,” said Rajeev Suri,
Inmarsat CEO. “The I-6s are Inmarsat’s first ever hybrid L- and Ka-band
satellites, incorporating increased capacity and new technological advances
for ELERA’s transformational L-band services alongside additional Global
Xpress high-speed broadband capacity. They demonstrate Inmarsat’s
ongoing investment and commitment as a global leader for the benefit
of mobility customers worldwide, delivering an enhanced platform for
Inmarsat has announced the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) world-changing technologies that ELERA enables, including the Industrial
will launch Inmarsat’s first satellite in their Inmarsat-6 fleet (I-6 F1) via Internet of Things, by providing dramatically increased network capacity
MHI’s H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 45 (HIIA F45). and resilience. I-6 F1 also plays an integral role in the reliable geostationary
earth orbit infrastructure that underpins Inmarsat ORCHESTRA - the world’s
first network that will combine geostationary, low earth orbit and terrestrial
5G into one harmonious solution.”
“We are honored to have been selected by Inmarsat, a leader in the global
mobile satellite communication industry, to provide launch services for
their first satellite in the Inmarsat-6 series,” said Tomoe Nishigaya, Vice
President & Senior General Manager for Space Systems in MHI. “We
strongly believe and expect that Inmarsat’s L-band services, ELERA, and
Global Xpress high-speed broadband capacity delivered by their I-6 fleet of
satellites will trigger further growth of demands in the global mobile satellite
communication market. Again, we are excited and sincerely appreciate the
opportunity to be part of such an innovative mission as a launch services
provider. We are committed to providing highly reliable launch services
for this 45th mission of H-IIA, following the success of previous missions.
We intend to support Inmarsat and its partners with best efforts and great
teamwork through the final preparation for the successful launch.”
Inmarsat’s sixth-generation (I-6) fleet will be its first to feature dual-

payload satellites. The I-6s will support L-band (ELERA) and Ka-band
(Global Xpress) services as part of the company’s unique, global, multi-
dimensional, dynamic mesh network — ORCHESTRA.
Photo of the Inmarsat-6 F1 satellite getting set for thermal vacuum tests.
Image is courtesy of Inmarsat / and Airbus Defence and Space.

INFOBEAM
RadioWaves Introduces New Space Debris Tracking Mission
GPS / GNSS Timing Antennas Development Agreement Signed
Between Digantara + OrbAstro
RadioWaves has just released a new series of GPS/GNSS timing

antennas that cover L1 and L5 GPS bands.
RadioWaves’ new series of GPS/GNSS timing antennas provide

top-of-the-line axial ratio and higher accuracy for the reception of OrbAstro’s ORB-6 smallsat on-orbit.
satellite timing signals and reference frequencies for enhanced phase
synchronization in precision network deployments.
Digantara Research and Technologies Pvt. Ltd., (Digantara) has signed

a contract with Orbital Astronautics Ltd. (OrbAstro) to fly the SCOT
(Space–based space Climate and Object Tracker) payload onboard an
ORB-6 satellite platform launching toward the end of 2022.
The high gain, low noise figure of 2 dB plus high, out-of-band rejection
provided by these antennas allow for the use of longer and cost-effective
cables for easy and flexible installs. They also feature a VSWR less than
1.8:1 and are compatible with several existing mounting brackets. In
addition, these fully ruggedized, weather-sealed antennas are IP67
(Ingress Protection)compliant and perfect for use in outdoor and marine The mission will focus on demonstration of a novel LiDAR-based
environments. technology developed by Digantara, and will serve as the pilot for their
LEO constellation providing a space situational awareness service.
These antennas come equipped with built-in surge protection and
support a wide range of GNSS including GPS, GLONASS, Beidou, Anirudh Sharma, CEO of Digantara, said, “Digantara’s mission is to build
Galileo and Iridium. Increased position accuracy in densely populated a sustainable near-Earth environment and access to space by providing
urban areas, flexible installation and improved system security make actionable insights through meaningful collaborations with industry
RadioWaves’ latest antenna a critical system component. stakeholders. Cooperation with companies such as OrbAstro play an
important role in accelerating Digantara’s objectives.”
“Our timing antennas with dual feed and dual band capability provide
top-of-the-line axial ratio and higher accuracy for the reception of satellite Dr. Ash Dove-Jay, CEO of OrbAstro, said, “Over the coming years, to
timing signals and reference frequencies for use in advanced network enable the space traffic management aspect of our Guardian Network
applications. These rugged outdoor antennas are suitable for use in all service, we are going to become reliant on partnerships with companies
outdoor and marine environments,” said Kevin Hietpas, Antenna Product like Digantara.”
Line Manager.
OrbAstro is building an infrastructure to better service customer
satellites, the Guardian Network provides low-latency access to customer
satellites through an on-orbit data relay network, and it provides a high
level of operations automation at the level of the satellite, mission,
constellation, and space traffic management.
Digantara is a space situational awareness company building the world’s

first, in-situ, orbital surveillance platform, SCOT. Digantara’s end to end
platform, S-MAP (Space – Mission Assurance Platform) will change the
way Mission design and operations are carried out in the industry today.
Once deployed, Digantara’s satellite constellation will provide high
fidelity data at 10x higher resolution than the current industry standards,
effectively elevating space governance.

A Kratos Focus: Be Prepared...
SATCOM and CMMC
certification assessments. A key component

of the CMMC certification process is
a detailed assessment of your current
technology, processes, and documentation
of evidence, against the security practices
and processes required by CMMC. Only
Authorized C3PAOs, of which Kratos was
one of the first, are permitted to conduct
CMMC assessments.
How does this process start?
Kratos
Once Kratos engages with an organization
seeking certification, we begin Phase 1
by gathering a detailed understanding of
the environment. We work closely with the
customer to lay out an assessment plan and
evaluate the readiness of the organization
to ensure a higher likelihood of successfully
passing the certification. Following
Phase 1, there are three additional phases
that include Assessment, Results Reporting
and Remediation, if needed.
Why is this a new requirement?
Kratos
In the past few years, DoD has grappled
with the low rate of NIST 800-171 (a
government security standard that
was specifically created to address
confidentiality concerns for federal data
that resides on non-federal information
systems and organizations) compliance
across the DIB. CMMC was created
to remedy that systemic issue of non-
As many companies in the satellite industry support the Department of compliance by both primes and their subs.
Defense, virtually all will require some level of Cybersecurity Maturity Model
Certification (CMMC). CMMC is a unified security standard and a certification Let’s talk about how organizations can get ready for an
process developed by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to further assessment —what does that include and how should one best
protect critical information. For DoD, this means increased protection of prepare for it?
Federal Contract Information (FCI) and Controlled Unclassified Information
(CUI) within the Defense Industrial Base (DIB). CMMC is a critical component Kratos
of heightened security as all prime and sub-contractors doing business with The organization should first begin by identifying the CMMC level they are looking
the DoD will be required to achieve a specific CMMC certification level as a to achieve and the scope of the environment.
prerequisite to new contract awards.
Scope — what does that refer to?
To better understand the implications of CMMC and how it will impact DoD
procurement, specifically in the satellite sector, SatMagazine engaged in a Kratos
conversation with Kratos’ Justin Padilla, Director of Cybersecurity Services, and This is where an organization makes the determination of whether to include their
Cole French, CMMC Practice Lead. The company is one of the leading satellite entire organization or a specific enclave that only includes specific assets that
ground systems providers currently in the vanguard of virtualizing satellite ground process, store, transmit , or protect FCI or CUI within the environment. Once that
systems with “Open Space,” the first fully digital, virtualized, software-defined and determination is made, you have your CMMC Boundary.
orchestrated platform that dynamically supports multi-satellite, multi-orbit, multi-
payload and multi-band operations. Kratos has an extensive cybersecurity offering Why would an organization select the entire organization versus a
and was one of the first companies to be authorized as a CMMC Third Party specific enclave?
Assessment Organization, referred to as a 3CPAO.
Kratos
Please explain what a C3PAO accomplishes. There are pluses and minuses to both and various factors that can come into play,
such as size of the organization, the ratio of commercial vs government work and
Kratos whether the organization is decentralized or centrally managed from an IT and
Certainly — a C3PAO is an organization that has undergone their own CMMC security perspective. Cost is another factor many organizations are concerned
assessment and employs assessors that are authorized to conduct CMMC about and that is driven by the scope, CMMC level and degree of effort.

Please explain more about certification levels, how many are What occurs if a company fails the assessment?
there and what differentiates them?
Kratos
Kratos CMMC doesn’t allow any failed security practices in an assessment. If one fails,
There are five levels of certification. In order, they are: Basic, Intermediate, the entire assessment fails. However, if the number of failures is 10 percent or
Good, Proactive and Advanced. The CMMC level requirements will be less of the total number of security practices evaluated, the company has an
determined by the type and sensitivity of information that a prime or sub- opportunity to correct the failures and reassess those specific practices. They
contractor is privy to and defined in the DoD solicitation. It is anticipated that have 90 days to resubmit the updated report — that equates to roughly 75
when CMMC requirements are seen in contracts, the company will likely fall into days to remediate those findings and then about a 15-day period to reassess
a Level 1, which is only FCI, Level 3, which is CUI, or a level 5, which is anticipated whatever remediation they implemented.
to be CUI that is directly related to technology for military or space application.
What should companies do to prepare themselves so that
Back to the scoping discussion, or boundary. Is the certification when CMMC assessments begin they can feel confident that
level part of the requirement analysis? they will pass?
Kratos Kratos
That’s a key part of it. There has to be scoping discussion, so all understand what As mentioned earlier, boundary is integral to determining the certification scope,
is actually being considered. Then, from there, the assessment requirements are cost and level of effort. Additionally, organizations that process, store, transmit and
defined, which will correspond with the target certification level. protect CUI and FCI will need to meet CMMC Level 3 as a minimum standard.
Out of the 130+ security practices included in a Level 3 certification, we
Who defines the assessment requirements? have found the following operational challenges among the most difficult and
time consuming but will greatly facilitate the assessment process. If not already
Kratos implemented, these will require the longest lead time and/or changes to the
The DoD publishes the assessment guides that define the security practice and organization’s security culture.
process requirements. Working with the C3PAO, the lead assessor will identify
the type of objective evidence needed to satisfy a security practice. The assessors What are those?
and organization will work collaboratively to ensure that the requirements are
met and that evidence exists to demonstrate repeatable, sustainable and mature Kratos
implementation of the practices and processes. First is vulnerability scanning and remediation: Prior to assessment,
vulnerability scans should be conducted on all operating systems, databases
Objective evidence was mentioned… what is that? and applications and remediation plans, if required, should be established.
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is another. If companies don’t already have
Kratos MFA for all privileged and non-privileged access to the environment accompanied
Objective evidence can come in three forms and can be collected in three different by regularly scheduled reviews of access privileges, they need to implement one.
ways: 1) documentation examination, 2) interview and 3) test (or demonstration). Encryption is another key consideration. The satellite engineers
Say an organization provides their access control policy. That, in and of itself, may not be familiar with these cryptographic modules, but the security
is a piece of objective evidence and would fall under examination. The C3PAO team will be. Specifically, FIPS 140-2 cryptographic modules need
will also conduct interviews with the organization and document their responses. to be in place wherever data is processed, stored, or transmitted.
If additional evidence is needed, the C3PAO can request that an organization CUI Marking and handling is another important pre-assessment consideration.
perform a certain action or provide evidence of that action being performed. Establish guidelines and procedures to ensure that CUI is marked and handled in
Witnessing performance of that action or the evidence provided in response to accordance with CMMC and contractual requirements.
such a request would fall under test (or demonstration.)
Thank you for
How long does the assessment usually take? providing readers
with some insights
Kratos to CMMC and how
Depending on the complexity of the assessment Kratos estimates that most to prepare for it. Is
assessments will be completed in four to six weeks from beginning to end. But a there anything you
lot will depend a number of variables including the desired CMMC level, the size wish to add?
of the environment and if any remediation is required following the assessment.
Kratos
Please explain more about gap assessments or Yes, actually, we have
readiness assessments. published a paper on how
companies seeking CMMC
Kratos can prepare for some of the
Gap assessments and readiness assessments somewhat differently. Gap issues they might face.
assessments should be performed toward the beginning of the company’s
CMMC journey in order for any compliance gaps to be noted, to identify
solutions and then formulate a roadmap for compliance. A gap assessment
should be performed by an advisor or consultant and not by the C3PAO assessor,
as the intent is to identify gaps as well as identify solutions to those gaps.
The Readiness Assessment is a gut check and is best performed by the
C3PAO who is managing the assessment. This is like a pre-assessment that gets
the C3PAO familiar with the environment and also allows them to identify any
security practice failures in order for the organization to remediate them before
the actual certification assessment itself. The catch here is that the C3PAO
cannot offer advice — they can only identify if a security practice passes or fails
and why it failed.

SSPI: Better Satellite World
The hidden perils of the Arctic — Revealed
Author: Space & Satellite Professionals International (SSPI)
The Arctic. Bitterly cold and

crossed by blinding storms.
Shrouded in darkness half of
the year.
The Arctic — a place of legend
where polar bears roam and
gigantic icebergs plunge into
the sea.
The Arctic is changing. The six
years ending in 2019 were the
warmest ever recorded for this
region of the world.

As our Earth’s climate changes, ice sheets on land shrink and ice covering the sea KSAT is now supporting a satellite mission for a Norwegian university, testing the
breaks up. Frozen lands change shape as permafrost in the soil melts. The Arctic use of a technology called hyperspectral imaging to distinguish toxic blooms
is warming twice as fast as the rest of Earth and the changes are accelerating. from harmless growth.
While the rest of the world fears rising sea levels, the warming Arctic is opening
new shipping routes that promise to cut travel times. New fishing grounds will KSAT offers a ground monitoring service called inSAR in partnership with
help feed the world, and new mineral deposits may supply the next generation European companies. inSAR tracks movements in the Earth’s surface down to
of electric cars and wind turbines. the millimeter for scientists, governments, insurers and investors. As the world
continues to warm, noting how the land changes over time will become critical
to helping the world adapt to new temperature conditions.
Hidden Perils
Yet, the hazards of the Arctic remain. The more people who journey there, the Surviving Extremes
greater the risks to life, health and commerce.
We need to adapt. In 2019, the extreme adventurer Mike Horn and polar
That’s why Kongsberg Satellite Services (KSAT) is working to monitor Arctic explorer Borge Ousland began crossing the Arctic... on foot. As they neared
weather and sea ice from space. They use a technology called Synthetic the end of their perilous journey, the ship that was supposed to pick them up
Aperture Radar (SAR) that can see through darkness and clouds and accurately became stuck in the shifting ice.
measure features on the sea surface and terrain, like the gaps separating ice and
sea. KSAT’s SAR gives governments, cruise lines, and energy companies, timely Two other explorers set out on skies from the ship to reach them, bringing food
information about icebergs and shifting coastlines to prevent shipwrecks and and supplies. Temperatures climbed and deep crevices began to open in the
speed journeys to their destinations. ice, separating the two parties. But, analyzing high resolution satellite images,
KSAT experts steered the adventurers to safety via a satellite phone. After 87
days on the ice, Horn and Ousland reached their ship, which finally broke free
of the restraining ice.
Earth will continue to change in unexpected ways in the years ahead, just as the
planet has over millions of millennia. Risk of extreme heat and cold, fierce storms
and wildfires will increase.
Rising to the planet’s changing environment challenges will require courage,

ingenuity as well as educated foresight. We will also need deep data regarding
our planet that can only be derived from satellite technology and innovating
companies such as KSAT.
Produced for SatNews by Space & Satellite Professionals International (SSPI).
For more than 20 years, KSAT has been providing detection of oil spills from See more stories and videos of satellite making a better world at
space, turning satellite images into actionable data in 120 minutes or less. That www.bettersatelliteworld.com.
fast detection means less impact on the environment and lower costs for clean-up.
Opening image is courtesy of Stein Egil Liland from Pexels.
Algae is a natural part of sea water. However, when conditions are just right,
Algae can bloom into enormous, toxic masses. In 2019, for example, an algae
bloom off Norway struck fish farms and killed nearly 8 million salmon.

Executive Spotlight
Dr. Dino Lorenzini
Founder, SpaceQuest
The Chief Executive Officer of AAC Clyde Space, Luis

Gomes, said, “[SpaceQuest] will be AAC’s top growth
engine over the coming years and it’s an area I’m hugely
excited to develop. We’ve already made great progress:
our acquisition of SpaceQuest in 2020 was a gamechanger.”
Founded in 1994, SpaceQuest develops advanced satellite

technology for government and commercial use,
specializing in the design, development, testing and
manufacture of spacecraft, as well as a full range of
space and ground components for operation with LEO
orbiting satellites. The company has an extensive client
base, including aerospace companies such as LeoStella,
Orbcomm, Iceye and organizations such as NASA, U.S. Air
Force and U.S. Navy, the Sandia National Lab, as well as
many Universities.

Good day, Dr. Lorenzini. Please tell our the evolution of the cubesat standard has made it much easier to access
readers what first drew you to space? space. Increased competition is driving down prices and profit margins,
leaving little room for growth without the addition of new revenue streams.
Dino Lorenzini Investors in New Space enterprises want their portfolio companies to focus
I was commissioned by the U.S. Air Force Academy on customer needs, sales and revenue generation, and not be distracted by the
in the 1960s at the height of the space race with development and operation of space infrastructure that can be better managed by a
the former Soviet Union. After earning a master’s dedicated team. The future value lies in the data obtained from space and the analytics
degree and PhD in Astronautical Engineering at associated with extracting valuable and timely information for decision-makers.
MIT, space became part of my permanent future.
While in the Air Force, I tested the Apollo What kind of data are you collecting at the moment?
Lunar Module Navigation System, worked
on the development of the NAVSTAR GPS Dino Lorenzini
satellite system, managed the High Energy Space-Based Chemical Laser at SpaceQuest is currently collecting AIS data from four of its current satellite fleet and
DARPA (US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) — and went on capturing global radio frequency spectrum data in the two to seven GHz range. We
to direct the pilot architecture study for the U.S. Strategic Defense Initiative. are also providing IoT services for a hosted payload customer.
After retiring as a Colonel, I directed a team of engineers providing technical
support for Strategic Defense. I realized that the future of satellite development How do you see that changing over the next five years?
was moving from military to commercial space activity and I founded SpaceQuest in
1994 to commercialize the microsatellite technologies that were being developed Dino Lorenzini
by the Amateur Radio Satellite Organization. Over the next five years, we expect to be operating a fleet of AIS and IoT satellites,
providing data services to several key customers. On a broader scale, we plan to
What was your ambition when you founded Space Quest? How construct, launch and operate several weather satellites, and to get more involved
has that changed? in the data analytics associated with asset tracking and weather prediction.
Dino Lorenzini Are you focused on any particular industries?

My initial goal was to create a constellation of commercial microsatellites to
track mobile vehicles and monitor remote assets worldwide. Given the lack of Dino Lorenzini
commercial, low-cost satellite components at the time, we had to develop them, Given the proliferation of optical and radar imaging satellites, we are focused
all at our own expense. Our US launch capability was also limited, so we began on the collection of weather data that can be processed to improve weather
launching our small satellites as piggyback payloads on the Russian Dnepr rocket, prediction. There is a growing need for better long range weather forecasting
a converted intercontinental ballistic missile dating back to the Soviet Union. by both government and commercial users — and AAC’s acquisition of Omnisys
Lacking any outside investment funds to deploy a full constellation of IoT provides the company with advanced atmospheric sensor capabilities.
satellites, we shifted our emphasis to monitoring messages transmitted by
vessels at sea. The IMO (International Maritime Organization) had mandated What do you see as the biggest challenges for the space industry?
the Automatic Identification System (AIS) to avoid vessel collisions by having
ships constantly transmit their GPS position, velocity, heading, turn rate, and The last big challenge was the availability of piggyback launch opportunities, which
other parameters of interest. SpaceQuest was a pioneer in the development of a has been largely addressed by the entrance of the SpaceX Transporter and other
satellite AIS system, making it possible for the first time to monitor the movement small satellite launch providers. Current challenges include space station licensing,
of ships on a global scale. orbital debris mitigation and ground station infrastructure to download imaging
data. On the business side, the real test will be whether we can sell sufficient
From your perspective, would you explain why AAC and satellite data at a reasonable price in the face of stiff competition and cover the
SpaceQuest are a powerful business combination? cost of replacement satellites.
Dino Lorenzini How is SpaceQuest dealing with these issues?

The nature of the commercial space community has changed significantly
during the past 26 years. Although our satellite components are still Dino Lorenzini
sought by small satellite developers, the company was too small and We need to work with reliable business partners and draw upon the capabilities
undercapitalized to compete for the large-scale space programs that and experiences of our sister companies in the AAC Group. It’s also important
were being funded by governments and private equity investors. to identify an anchor customer and have a compelling business case before
In combination with AAC, SpaceQuest has access to new components, capital committing to the construction and launch of new satellite infrastructure.
and intellectual property to advance its strategic objectives, all without having to
respond to short-term investor goals. As AAC transitions from the construction and What technologies or projects are you most excited about at
sale of spacecraft buses to the delivery of space data, SpaceQuest can contribute the moment?
its infrastructure and operational experience in delivering satellite data to clients.
Dino Lorenzini
What are the biggest changes since joining the One of our near-term objectives is to develop and flight test a novel satellite AIS
AAC Clyde Space Group? antenna technology to demonstrate high performance using a small, low-cost
spacecraft. Most interesting of all, we are working on developing and flight testing a
Dino Lorenzini Doppler Winds and Temperature Sensor. This has the potential to significantly improve
There were no big surprises; however the requirements for being in a public long range weather forecasting that is driven by winds in the upper atmosphere.
company are certainly new to me. As a private small business, we only needed
to be concerned with cash flow and remaining profitable. The most immediate About AAC Clyde Space
change was the requirement to track labour hours and provide detailed sales and The company offers turnkey solutions and services from mission design to on-orbit
cost information to the Group. We’re also now interacting regularly with a larger operations, including reliable customizable satellite platforms in the range
family of space entrepreneurs and are starting to participate in joint space projects of 1 to 50 Kg and a full range of subsystems for cube and small satellites.
with other members of the Group. With unrivaled flight heritage and end-to-end service, AAC Clyde Space enables
customers to reach their mission goals through a single, trusted point of contact. To
Why is Space Data as a Service so important? learn more, visit www.aac-clyde.space
Dino Lorenzini
The development of satellite components, systems and launch services is now
a cottage industry. Other than the challenge of obtaining satellite licensing,

Supply
Title
Crunch
The Global Energy Crisis
Subhead
Author: Geoffrey Craig, Global Market Analyst, Ursa Space Systems
Author:
Record-high natural gas prices in Europe, fuel queues in the

UK, electricity rationing in China.
A global energy crisis has emerged, affecting the lives of

billions, part of a much larger story in 2021 about the fragility
of supply chains.
This will take some time for the entire system to regain
equilibrium — until that occurs, expect the impacts to continue
to be felt far and wide.
How much longer will the energy crisis last?

This topic is a matter of concern, not just for consumers, but also for financial 2. OECD vs Non-OECD
markets and central banks, who are trying to determine whether high energy
prices will persist and potentially stunt economic growth. Is there any difference in crude inventory trends between Organization for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) members and countries
Supply-related snafus will eventually get sorted out. The bigger and more outside the OECD?
important question concerns demand. Is there much of an appetite for energy in
a world still influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic?
Coal and natural gas prices are at record highs in Europe and Asia; however,
this surge has been driven by supply problems related to unfavorable weather
conditions, among other causes.
Crude oil prices have also been rising, with the global benchmark recently
touching a three year high. Overall, this market has been relatively calm, by
comparison. We can, therefore, turn to fundamental data on the crude oil market
for a better understanding of demand.
In this article, global crude oil inventories will be examined, leveraging Ursa
Space’s satellite-derived measurements of storage tanks.
The three graphs below shed light on the supply-demand balance in the
oil market:
1. Global Crude Inventories

The graph above plots crude inventories from April 2021 to the end of September
Where are global crude inventories in 2021 versus recent historical averages? against the average of the same time period in 2018-19. The blue line represents
Is the surplus that formed during 2020 gone? only OECD members and the red line represents other countries.
In both cases, crude inventories have been falling, though there is a clear
difference between the two.
By April of 2021, OECD inventories already wiped out the surplus vis-a-vis
historical levels, and then fell deeper into a deficit. Countries outside the OECD
hadn’t yet erased the surplus at this point in time, but a few months later, the
surplus was nearly gone.
3. Cushing vs Dalian vs Rotterdam

What is the state of crude oil inventories at some of the world’s largest, most
strategic storage locations?
The graph above plots global crude inventories from April 2021 to the end of
September versus the average of the same time period in 2018-20 (blue) and
2018-19 (red).
This comparison shows where current levels stand versus recent historical
averages. Crude oil inventories in 2020 were unusually high, so it’s also helpful
to look at the data without 2020 for a better gauge of “normal.”
In April of 2021, crude inventories were still above recent historical levels,
but that surplus evaporated by May/June, a significant turning point for the
oil market.
Since then, inventories have remained below recent historical levels, although
the deficit hasn’t grown. From this perspective, oil market fundamentals look
fairly balanced, yet oil prices have surged.
A look at three major oil storage locations underscores the trends described
The global oil benchmark has increased 50 percent this year, trading at its above involving OECD vs. non-OECD inventories.
highest level since October 2018.
The chart directly above reveals the high points in 2021 for each location as a
percentage of its 2018-19 average. Inventories were high for all three locations,
more so at Dalian than Cushing or Rotterdam.

How have things changed since then? The right columns show September 2021
levels for each location as a percentage of its 2018-19 average. Cushing and Transporting Oil & Natural Gas
Rotterdam swung into a deficit, similar to the broader OECD trend, while Dalian
remained in a slight surplus, similar to the broader Non-OECD trend. Advances in exploration and production have helped to locate
and recover a supply of oil and natural gas from major reserves
What does this say about crude oil market fundamentals? across the globe. At the same time, demand for petroleum-
based products has grown in every corner of the world. But
Ursa Space data shows crude oil inventories returning to normal levels by spring supply and demand are rarely concentrated in the same place.
2021, and then settling into a balanced state. Transportation therefore is vital to ensuring the reliable and
affordable flow of petroleum we all count on to fuel our cars,
Part of the reason is constrained supply, with OPEC and Russia continuing to heat our homes and improve the quality of our lives.
withhold some supply from the market, but another likely factor has been a
recovery in demand. Tankers, railroads and pipelines are proven, efficient and
economical means of connecting petroleum supply and
A balanced crude oil market should be a source of relief for the rest of the energy demand. Supply-end pipelines and railroads carry crude oil
complex. This means that a sense of normalcy could return relatively soon. from production areas to a loading terminal at a port. Tankers
then carry the crude oil directly to demand-side pipelines that
connect to the refineries that convert the raw material into
Author Geoffrey Craig is a Global Market Analyst at Ursa Space useful products. Oil Tankers
Systems. Prior to joining Ursa, Geoff spent eight years at Today’s cutting-edge tankers are the product of a commitment
S&P Global Platts where he covered oil futures, renewables & to safety combined with the power of computer-assisted
emissions. He was also a Cairo-based business journalist for three design. As a result, the new ships traveling the seas are
years, during which time he traveled widely across the region. stronger, more maneuverable, and more durable than their
Geoff began his career as an International Trade Analyst at the predecessors. Pipelines
US Department of Commerce. He holds a master’s degree from
Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs.
The nation’s more than 190,000 miles of liquid pipelines and
over 300,000 miles of natural gas pipelines, which are the
primary means of moving petroleum products to consumer
markets. Pipelines are safe, efficient and, because most are
buried, largely unseen. Pipeline Performance Tracking System
The Pipeline Performance Tracking System, PPTS, is a key
component of the oil pipeline industry’s Environmental and
ursaspace.com Safety Initiative, a multi-discipline approach to understanding
and improving industry performance. Rail Transportation
Railroad infrastructure supports the transportation needs
of industries as diverse as oil and gas, manufacturing, and
agriculture. North America benefits from an integrated railway
system that is vital to reaching otherwise underserved markets.
Railroads are a safe and efficient means of transporting crude
oil and other petroleum products.

Sailing Away With SATCOM
Author: Ofer Tsur, Strategic Account Management, Gilat Satellite Networks
Communications on the Move (COTM) have

become an important part of our daily
routines. Whether we’re commuting to work
on the train, taking a cruise or flying to an
important business meeting or vacation, we
expect to be able to make voice calls and
access the Internet at the blink of an eye.
Satellite communications (SATCOMs) are cost-effective and the only feasible Passengers come onboard expecting to enjoy the same communication
way to ensure reliable broadband connectivity while on the move anywhere on capabilities that they have at home, including uploads of videos and photos
the planet. taken during the cruise to social media, downloading movies for entertainment
and on-line gaming, and all that requires low latency connections. Value-added
However, COTM presents a unique challenge; how to maintain top quality connectivity services are becoming a bigger selling point for the cruise market
connectivity while moving on land, at sea or in the air, fulfilling the requirements than ever before.
of very high bandwidth, top voice quality and low latency.
In addition, the crew and captain require more bandwidth for applications,
such as navigation, weather monitoring, system monitoring, POS and inventory
The Challenges Of Connectivity At Sea management, telemedicine, crew welfare and more. Altogether, cruise ships
are demanding thousands of Mbps for the many passengers connected to their
personal communications devices and for crew members trying to do their jobs
For proper communication, maritime vessels need to point their antennas at efficiently, effectively and safely.
the correct satellites at all times while on the move. It’s also necessary to switch
between satellite beams while on the move for both GEO satellites and, more
frequently, for MEO and LEO. Today, tracking satellite beams are being used for The Cruise Industry Relies On SATCOM
some of the big cruise ships to provide continuous focused satellite coverage.
Coverage limitation in certain geographic extremes, such as the Arctic and Within the maritime industry, cruise ships demand the most bandwidth and high
Antarctic, are a challenge as these are farther away from most existing GEO satellite resiliency of their SATCOM platforms. In order to meet these demands, satellite
coverage. This results in lower service throughput, service interruptions and higher connectivity is being delivered via a combination of GEO, MEO and, in the near
cost per bit. Global non-GEO constellations are aiming to close this gap. future, also via LEO orbits.
Passengers certainly benefit from satellite communications over MEO and LEO,
Floating Cities as the low latency capabilities of these constellations will no doubt enhance
the communication experience, while at sea, enabling the use of demanding
applications such as gaming. With the ability to place LTE and 5G cells on board
As newer cruise ships are being built to support much larger numbers of each ship, passengers will also be able to use their own handsets while at sea.
passengers — ships have higher numbers of crew and staff and that result in
cruise ship communication needs growing exponentially. For example, Royal Gilat has partnered with SES to deliver the next-generation satellite
Caribbean’s new “Wonder of the Seas” cruise ship will have 2,300 crew members communications for the O3b mPOWER constellation that operates in MEO,
and accommodate as many as 6,988 guests. 8,000 km away from the Earth’s surface. The constellation consists of 11 high-
throughput satellites with a software-defined payload that will deliver terabits
of capacity at low-latency. The system provides an unprecedented increase

in flexibility and throughput and is capable of continuously delivering multiple
gigabits per second to a single ship anywhere on earth during seasonal peaks and
in areas of high density.
Advanced technical features, which include a “follow-the-ship” capability, allow for

maximum efficiency in delivering the highest throughput available today wherever
a ship is traveling. The system provides the ideal combination of global coverage
and low-latency, high-throughput performance for the cruise market and ensures
seamless, immersive Wi-Fi and connectivity experiences. The high-performance
connectivity delivered by O3b mPOWER will help the cruise industry to:
• Leverage a highly-resilient global network to deliver an

always-on fiber-like connectivity experience
• Deliver seamless and secured access to cloud-based

platforms and applications for shipboard productivity,
passenger communications and entertainment (NGSO) constellations. The Aquarius family of VSATs supports flexible satellites
servicing multiple mobility applications including commercial maritime and cruise
• Dynamically optimize the required bandwidth and ships, as well as broadband, 4G and 5G backhauling, corporate enterprise services
increased connectivity to any ship wherever and and heavy connectivity trunking links.
whenever it may be
The Aquarius VSAT family was designed to provide uninterrupted service,
• Deliver fastest internet speeds at sea, resulting in truly supporting next-generation, software-defined satellites. Aquarius enables
immersive guest experiences seamless operation, “make before break” NGSO satellites handover, switching
between GEO and NGSO or switching between different GEO satellites. To
• Achieve cruise liners’ operational efficiencies by enabling provide continuity of service for those use cases, Aquarius is equipped with dual
real-time condition monitoring and other connected transmit/receive interfaces and fast adaptive reconfiguration capabilities on both
Operational Technology (OT) the forward and return channels supporting satellites on-the-fly changes.
Looking ahead, advanced SATCOM solutions will continue to elevate guest The Aquarius Pro VSAT exhibits ultra-high processing capacity, achieving
connectivity to provide an ultimate digital immersive experience, enabling more throughputs over gigabits per second.
wearable technologies and unlocking more personalized services. This reflects a
major trend across the cruise industry and the priorities of leading cruise companies The high communication demands of cruise ships can be addressed by aggregating
as they resume sailing after the global pandemic. several Aquarius Pro VSATs to work in parallel to deliver multiple gigabits of
capacity per ship.
Gilat’s Next Generation Platform For

Smooth Sailing Ahead
The Cruise Industry
To conclude, Gilat delivers superior ground infrastructure and solutions across
Gilat’s next-generation platform is optimized to provide the required multi-orbit, the mobility sector, including both aviation and maritime. The company’s mobility
multi-band service to address the high throughput needs of cruise ships. solutions have been developed to meet the demands of our customers: bandwidth
management, high performance and optimal efficiency.
Gilat’s Aquarius is an ultra-high-performance family of VSATs created for operation
over next-generation, Very High Throughput Satellites (VHTS) GEO and Non-GEO Striving to improve the communication experience of both crew and passengers,
our platforms are designed to improve
ship to shore connectivity, make life easier
for crew members, enhance the travel
experience aboard passenger ships,
and power current and future onboard
operational applications.
www.gilat.com/solution/maritime/
Author Ofer Tsur is the

Strategic Account
Management for Gilat
Satellite Networks.

A (New) Vision For Space
Author: Ravinder Singh, Partner, Kalaari Capital
Humans have been a space-faring species since the 1960s. Another striking feature is the design of the satellite systems. While traditional
Directly from the first satellite launch with Sputnik in 1957 GEO satellites were bulky transmission devices, LEO based services focus on using
to the moon landing in 1969, the idea of traveling beyond a constellation of smallsats that can create a ubiquitous network to provide global
Earth’s frontiers has captured our imagination. Since then, we coverage. These constellations can consist of hundreds — or even thousands —
have successfully established space stations in place, used of satellites and the growing focus on LEO means that the number of satellite
satellites to enable global transmission and broadcasting launches to orbit is expected to continue their growth pattern.
and developed our GEO imaging capabilities, among various
other accomplishments.
Investment Trends In
A number of recent trends are driving a new space economy that envisions going
beyond exploratory missions and making space accessible for business and travel. The New Space Economy
In the privatization of space, governments and space agencies across the globe
The New Space Economy have been key enablers, nurturing local startup ecosystems to enable the
emergence of startups driving forward in the space economy.
Entry Of The Private Sector
NASA has been pivotal in boosting private participation in space in the U.S.
All of these endeavors remained national bets and advances — government
bodies have led the innovation for space programs. However, starting in the late In Europe, countries such as Luxembourg have developed support programs and
2000s, the space sector across countries began opening to the private sector and grants to encourage startups to build from the country.
that ushered in a new era of space startups that envisioned the commercialization
of space. India, in 2020, decided to open the space sector to private participation. Since
then, the Indian Government and the national space agency, ISRO, have enabled
In 2008, SpaceX became the first private company to launch a rocket to space, and supported early-stage companies with technical support and mentorship to
setting in motion the dawn of a new era — a contemporary space economy. The build Space From India programs.
entry of the private sector also injected a new urgency — startups and space
companies began looking at space beyond just exploratory and certain critical Spurred by the support from government agencies, private investments have
capabilities. Space-based systems were used to capture Earth Observation (EO) also rapidly grown in this sector. Over the last decade, almost $200 billion has
data for use cases across telecommunication, agriculture and weather to military flowed through equity investments into the new space economy. The latter half
and tracking systems. Over the last decade, commercial payload launches to space of the last decade has seen significant capital growth, while the SPAC frenzy in
have emerged and, today, form the bulk of launch traffic. 2020 led to more than 14 space companies to grow their valuations and enter
the public markets.
The race to commercialize Lower Earth Orbit (LEO) space-based internet and
communication systems is one of the key areas where companies are looking to These investments sparked the first exits and returns for early investors, which
use space. The new space economy, instead of using traditional GEO satellites, provided the impetus for more capital to flow in as ground was broken on space as
are now focusing on building services that are based in LEO. This minimizes the a business and investable opportunity.
potential lag between transmission and, hence, serves as an ideal option for
communication services.
Artistic rendition of space

debris around Earth. Image is
courtesy of ESA.

The Growing Problem Of Space Debris to remove the current space debris, and secondly, to enable standard launch and
operating procedures that limit any further junk in space.
Over the 60 years of space exploration, space missions have left behind numerous
defunct satellites, components, specks of paint and metal, all having accumulated Since 2007, multiple space agencies, including ESA, have issued guidelines on
in the Earth’s orbit, giving rise to increasing debris that continues to congest orbits. operating practices to reduce the potential for space debris. While several countries
These debris particles pose a significant threat as they may collide with an active have included these in their space missions, there is still no universally binding and
spacecraft or satellite. A number of these defunct components also carry residual accepted set of debris avoidance regulations.
propulsion fuel that can cause even more damage should a collision with another
orbiting object occur. Startups are also working toward developing systems that can retrieve space junk,
thereby clearing it from orbits. Multiple potential solutions are being developed,
The estimate is that there are more than 34,000 particles of space debris greater including claw and net based solutions, to capture debris. One such commercial
than 10 cm in size, while more than 128 million particles exist that are larger than 1 mission was launched by Astroscale, a Japanese-based company that is seeking
cm. While these may seem small and harmless to the average citizen, the density to build solutions to remove space debris and provide after-life services to satellite
of space debris is at its maximum in LEO, where orbital speeds can result in speeds manufacturers. The company will soon be testing and validating their docking-
of up to 27,000 kmph. At such high speeds, even particulate debris, such as based solution that can dock and carry a space object and deorbit it.
millimeter-sized flecks of paint, can carry enough momentum and kinetic energy to
damage any satellite they strike. While companies and agencies continue to work to limit and deal with space
debris, another critical piece of the puzzle is Space Situational Awareness (SSA).
In 1978, NASA scientist Donald J. Kessler, hypothesized that with the growing For any potential solution to be feasible and applicable at scale, the first need will
space debris, any single collision in space would lead to a chain reaction, where the be to have the ability to track and trace these debris particles, which would provide
particles and projectiles from one collision would hit neighboring debris, resulting an understanding of their profile, orbital paths and velocity. Data will be crucial
in a domino effect of destructive contacts. The hypothetical doomsday would leave in removing present space debris to ensure the operational safety of spacecraft
all active satellites in space hit and impacted, potentially paralyzing all systems and and satellites by affording companies the ability to project any collision maneuver
rendering future missions unfeasible due to the accumulated belt of debris. mitigation methods.
While ground-based tracking systems are currently not capable of tracking all
Containing + Tackling Space Debris debris, companies have also emerged looking to solve this problem from space.
Digantara, a Bangalore-based company, and Northstar, a Canadian-based
The U.S. Department of Defence and a number of commercial companies and company, are looking to deploy satellites in space that will map and provide data
developers of military technology have developed ground-based radar systems to for resident space objects, thereby providing real-time awareness of the density
track and map debris particles. This data is intended to provide space operators and velocity of particles in space orbits.
the capability to be forewarned regarding potential collision. However, given
the size and speeds of space debris, ground-based systems have typically been Dealing with space debris is essential to ensure sustainable commercial and military
successful only in tracking particles greater than 10 cm in size. Most debris, which operations in space. SSA will form a most vital role in the long-term reliability of
is smaller than 10 cm, remains untracked. Such ambiguity remains a threat to space operations.
operational safety, which is a major roadblock to the commercialization of space.
Author Ravinder Singh is an award winning technologist with
There have been a number of efforts to highlight the growing issue of space debris numerous inventions. He has been acknowledged as a world’s
and to find consensus around viable solutions. Any effective strategy to deal with top 10 Robotics Designer, #1 Artificial Intelligence Leader in Asia
space debris will need to address both problems, the first being to look at measures and among the world’s top 25 CIOs. Ravi is an HBS alumni and
global speaker with more
than 200+ published
papers and lectures to
audiences in North and
South America, Asia,
Africa and Europe.
He also teaches Innovation, Design and
Leadership. He has been C-level leader and
engineer with global fortune institutions
such as Wipro, Accenture, Microsoft in the
USA, Europe and Asia. His body of work
is enveloped within the aread of Robotics,
Blockchain, AI, VSAT, Intelligent Networks,
Industrial Cloud, Adaptive manufacturing
and Cognitive computing. He was most
recently Chief Information and Innovation
Officer of Tata Singapore Airlines.
Kalaari Capital is an early-stage, technology-

focused venture capital firm. We invest
across Seed and Series A startups and
empower visionary entrepreneurs to build
unique solutions that reshape the way
Indians live, work, consume and transact.
Source: Space Environment report, 2021, European Space Agency (ESA).

Focus: APCO Technologies
Ready for the constellation market...
As specialists in complex electromechanical systems,
APCO Technologies (near Lake of Geneva), is, active in three
domains: Space, Energy and Naval, each representing a third
of the turnover ($120 million per year).
New developments are managed in the headquarters in Aigle.
The products are manufactured and assembled in seven, 16’000 sq. ft. buildings, of
which three are dedicated to Space with large cleanrooms.
Ground support equipment for SATCOM.
High Reliability Embarked Equipment

For Satellites
At the European Space Port in French Guyana, APCO Technologies is in charge of
the following activities for CNES, Arianespace, Avio and ArianeGroup: The other important space activity at APCO Technologies is the development,
manufacturing, assembly, integration and testing of structural and thermal
1. Operations and maintenance of the satellite halls where subsystems for satellite platforms and instruments.
spacecrafts are prepared before launch,
Satellite structures are made of composite materials for mass optimization and
2. Supply of all individual protection equipment for the thermal stability. Two production lines are in service, one for larger structures
entire site (up to 200 sq. ft.) for satellite platforms, and one for smaller structures dedicated
to satellite instruments. The production, including layup preparation, curing,
3. Development and modification of mechanical equipment machining, bonding, assembly, and final integration, has been streamlined for
for the launch base commercial and institutional clients.
Ground Support Equipment With

Ergonomic, Human Machine Interfaces
APCO Technologies is producing equipment to assemble, test and transport

satellites for the European Space Agency (ESA), the CNES, the European Space
industry (Airbus Defense & Space, ArianeGroup, Thales Alenia Space, OHB
Systems), and the U.S. Space industry (James Webb Space Telescope, PACE and
Orion for NASA).
The company has also delivered the motion system of the ESA Large Space
Simulator, a 6-degrees of freedom robotic arm capable of handling 6t satellites in
extreme thermal conditions to simulate any trajectories in orbit.
Ground support equipment for launchers is also an APCO Technologies specialty.

The company developed, produced and qualified all the main hoisting, tilting and
Sentinel 5P platform structure.
transport machines used by ArianeGroup in Bremen and Les Mureaux, as well as
by the CNES in Kourou. APCO Technologies recently equipped satellites for several programs, including:
The Upper Composite Trailer, operating from the final assembly building to the • Sentinel 1, 2, 3 and 5p for the EU program Copernicus
launch pad, and the transport containers for the upper and lower Ariane 6 liquid • MeteoSat Third Generation for Eumetsat
propulsion modules (one of them is probably the largest ever built in Europe: • EarthCARE and BIOMASS projects for the ESA Living
100 ft.. x 25 ft. x 25 ft. for a mass limited to 110 tons are already operational. Planet program
• Solar Orbiter satellite for ESA Science.

Ariane 6 booster nose caps.
Sentinel 3 instrument structure and thermal control. With a production rate of around two boosters per month, 1,500 parts need to
be manufactured and assembled each year. A dedicated, digitalized production
APCO Technologies delivers also shutter mechanisms for scientific missions. workshop has been built according to industry 4.0 standards.
With its knowledge in micro-vibrations management, the company developed

opening mechanisms for optical instruments (10 years lifetime with 500,000
actuations while maintaining satellite pointing stability). One of them has just
been installed on the European space telescope EUCLID program (looking for
dark energy and dark matter).
APCO Technologies is the leading company for Launcher Mechanical

Ground Support Equipment (MGSE), having provided for years many
manufacturing, assembly, integration, testing, transport and transfer means
to European and U.S. launcher system primes.
Catalogs of the most typical satellite products may be found online at this
direct infolink.
www.apco-technologies.eu
Euclid opening mechanism.
On Board Launchers
APCO Technologies is on board the Ariane 6 launcher, responsible to

ArianeGroup for the delivery of the highly loaded booster nose cap as well as
the lower booster attachments with the mechanical anti-pitching systems. The
equipment allows for the ejection of Ariane 6’s boosters without influencing the
launcher’s separation trajectory.

The Bandwidth Of
The StarLink Constellation...
...and the assessment of its potential subscriber base in the USA.
Author: Dr. Sergei Pekhterev, Chairman of the Board of Directors, AltegroSky
This article presents estimations of the StarLink constellation Demography

bandwidth, obtained on the basis of open data that includes
public statements by SpaceX specialists, documents submitted In rural areas of In the United States, 57.23 million people live in rural areas and
to the FCC and data from StarLink`s users. the average household size is 2.53 people. Thus, on average, 5,339 people live in
one cell in rural areas within which are 2,110 houses. The available bandwidth of
StarLink satellites to user terminals is 2000 MHz in the Ku-band and 500 MHz from
the terminal to the satellite. The documents filed with the FCC1 talked about the
possibilities of working with modulations from BPSK to 64QAM.
FCC (1) talked about the possibilities of working with modulations from BPSK
to 64QAM.
Spectral efficiency for different types of modulation2
There are two polarizations available on the satellite.
1 At 2000 MHz and 64QAM FEC = 0.873 (= 8/9), we will get the total throughput
of one StarLink satellite, 2000 x 2 x 5.11 = 20.22 Gbit, which is fully consistent with
the known data, including the first SpaceX application sent to the FCC in 2016.
2 The UT-1 user terminal operates in a 240/62 MHz channel3...
Geography 3 ...and only in one (right) polarization. Therefore, 8 beams can work simultaneously
on one satellite in one polarization. We will estimate how many satellites are
The diameter of the cell on the surface of the Earth to which the beam from the needed to ensure 100 percent coverage of any part of the Earth using a service
satellite covers is 15 miles (24.13 km.). The StarLink network uses a hexagon that is based on a UT-1 type terminal.
inscribed in a 15-mile circle to plan its solid coverage, with an area of 379 square
kilometers.
For 100 percent coverage of the rural area of the United States, 1,341 satellites
are required and, as of this writing, there are now there more than 1,400
satellites on-orbit. However, everything is not so simple as all satellites are
Number of cells for different situations relatively evenly distributed over the entire surface of the globe — the territory
of the continental United States occupies only 2.55 percent of Earth’s territory
between the 53 parallels.
Let us estimate how many satellites are available for service over the United States
at any given moment. To do this, we will use the www.starlink.sx service (many
thanks to the site’s creators). Note that the density of satellites over the United
States is uneven, depending upon the latitude of the subscriber. Estimation of the
number of satellites available, depending upon the latitude covered by the satellite
beam, is 15 miles (24.13 km.).

Blue dots are active satellites, yellow dots are Gateways. Images were captured
on September 3, 2021 ,for the position of the constellation, with 1,282 satellites
having reached their final orbit on that day. As the StarLink constellation is
constantly growing, the number of satellites may be larger as of this writing.
The south. Gateway in Boca Chica, Texas, latitude 26 degrees., circle radius is
approximately 1060 km.
Let us estimate the “density” of the satellite coverage for different latitudes,
North. Gateway at Rolette, North Dakota, latitude 48.7, circle radius is

approximately 1245 km.
It is obvious that the chance of obtaining StarLink service for those living in the
North of the U.S. is 70 percent higher than for those who live in the southern
portion of the country.
Center. Gateway at Greenville, Pennsylvania, latitude 41.4, circle radius

is 1168 km. The data in the image above corresponds to the full coverage of the United States.

To provide service only to the rural areas of the United States, (53 percent of the In addition, to work with 64QAM modulation, it is necessary to have a EbNo
U.S., 1,549 satellites (100 percent of Phase 1) are required. (a normalized signal-to-noise ratio measure) of more than 17 dB. However,
currently the SNR (Signal Noise Ratio) parameter on the UT-1 terminal is 11
to 12.5 dB, which corresponds to 16 to 32 APSK (Amplitude and Phase-Shift
Keying) and a maximum of 3,5 bit/Hz.
This is indirectly confirmed by tests of StarLink service: the record speed for the
terminal was demonstrated in the spring of 2021 at the start of the provision
of services in Germany, where the number of subscribers per a single cell
was minimal and one subscriber could use the entire bandwidth of the beam:
territory), then with 1,584 satellites (100 percent of phase 1).
In total, it turns out that in the best case, even in the northern regions of the
United States, only 1 cell out of 29 (less than 4 percent) is available in rural areas
that would be addressed by the service with the full deployment of the first
phase of the StarLink constellation.
The mission of SpaceX includes full coverage of the Earth, without which
it will be impossible to organize roaming for ships and aircraft, so there
must be a solution.
First, it is possible to exclude a number of unpopulated areas or areas

where there are no shipping routes or airways from service. The re-
targeting time of a phased array antenna is only 5-10 microseconds
(4,000 times less than the latency in the Starlink network). This
allows beam hopping a single beam to serve sequentially several
cells in turn.
Then, depending on how many cells are included in one

service cycle, it is possible to increase the number of cells
where the service is provided by 2 to 5 to 10 times or more. We can proceed from the assumption that all users in the same cell should share
approximately 840 Mbit if the beam serves only 1 cell and 240 Mbit if the beam
For 4,408 satellites, v.1.0 Ku-/Ka-band, and with a cycle of 1 beam per 10 cells: uses beam hopping and serves 3 cells. Let’s analyze how much traffic can be
downloaded by one StarLink subscriber.
Let’s assume that the needs of StarLink users will be similar. For five hours
(between 6:00 and 11:00 p.m.), users download an average of 5.87 GB. Let’s
assume that 85 percent of this traffic is from the internet — then we need 2.27
Mbit per second to download such a volume of traffic.
At this point, the analysis of the possibility of providing global coverage for the
StarLink service may be considered complete. Now let’s consider the necessary
composition of the constellation from the point of view of traffic from subscribers.
The bandwidth of the StarLink satellite will be 20 Gbps when operating in two
polarizations and with 64QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation). Now, the
network can use only one polarization to work with UT-1 terminals.
Actual data on traffic consumption by subscribers in the USA for 20204.
It should also be taken into account that there are peak moments of consumption,
such as premieres on Netflix or the Super Bowl. The practice of Operators do not
allow an average network load of more than 70 to 80 percent, in order to avoid
degradation of the service during such periods of peak time.
Let’s assume that the average network load is 80 percent of its full capacity. In
this case, the cell has 672 Mbit, which can serve 296 subscribers, or 14 percent
of potential subscribers living in the cell. To serve a larger number of subscribers,

References
you need to use the second, third, and so on, the beam of the same or another
satellite but always on a different frequency. 1
See Space Exploration Holdings, LLC, Request for Modification of the
An estimate of how many satellites are needed to serve 500,000 users in the Authorization for the SpaceX NGSO Satellite System, IBFS File No.
continental United States would be 500000 / (8x296) = 211 satellites when SAT−MOD−20200417−00037, filed April 17, 2020 (SpaceX Third
using UT-1. Modification Application).
With a uniform distribution of satellites over the Earth’s surface, and taking 2
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/CQI-table-design-to-support-256-
into account only the U.S. territory (2.55 percent of the Earth’s surface),the QAM-in-small-cell-Mu-Liu/af2d01d0974af4e60d5714cc96fdfcc31114f9f1/
constellation should include 315 / 2.55% = 8,274 satellites. However, as satellites figure/10
located at a distance of 300 to 500 km outside the borders of the United States
(over the oceans, Canada or Mexico, the same can serve the territory of the 3
https://fcc.report/IBFS/SES-LIC-20190211-00151/1619048
United States. Additionally, over the northern border, the density of satellites
is almost twice as high as in the south. We assume that the territory of the 4
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1106765/covid-19-us-average-daily-
continental United States can be served by 5 percent of the satellites in the
broadband-usage/
constellation, and in this case, the constellation should consist of 4,229 satellites
You can also count down how many users in the continental United States can Author Dr. Sergei Pekhterev started his career in the satellite
be served by a fully deployed StarLink Ku-band constellation — 4,408/4,229 x communications industry in 1993. He has been actively
500,000 = 521,000 active users. Taking into account Alaska, Hawaii, Canada, involved in the construction of satellite communication
Europe and other countries, it will be possible to talk about a million users. Let networks in the CIS: in Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and
us repeat that — the calculations were carried out for the current model of the Georgia. He led the VSAT direction of the Romantis project
UT-1 terminal and the traffic consumption profile of users in the USA. (a joint project of Dornier Daimler Benz Aerospace, ANT
Bosch Telecom and Deutsche Telekom) and later in DeTeSat
The StarLink constellation of the first phase of 1,584 satellites deployed as of (Deutsche Telecom Satellite). In 2003, he together with his
this writing can serve 187,000 subscribers in the continental United States with partners started AltegroSky, of which Dr. Sergei Pekhterev
the previously indicated traffic consumption profile. The maximum subscriber became the CEO. During his leadership, AltegroSky became
base will be reached in 4 to 6 months, but the free capacity will be outside the the largest private provider of satellite communication and broadband Internet
continental United States. in Russia. Currently he is Chairman or Member of the Board of Directors in
AltegroSky, Ka-Internet and Astra Internet (all companies are Russian satellite
In the absence of data on real traffic consumption and taking into account the providers operating in various market segments B2B, B2C, B2O).
fact that users connected now to the StarLink service previously used low-speed
connections (1..5 Mbit), it is possible that they have not yet formed a need AltegroSky provides a wide range of cutting-edge telecommunication services
(habit) to use programs that require high-speed internet and consuming large and solutions for commercial organizations, telecom operators and government:
amounts of traffic. In this case, the time when the traffic consumption of StarLink high-speed satellite Internet access, VoIP, corporate networking, telemetry, video
subscribers reaches the U.S. average level can take up to 6 to 12 months, during and audio conferencing, video surveillance, multicasting, mobile VSAT (including
which the traffic consumption will reach the U.S. average level. Maritime), backup communication links, dedicated backbone satellite links, ground
station lease. Having a huge expertise in satellite communication we can also
Another reason why traffic consumption in the StarLink network may be less is propose to build satellite infrastructure for provisioning of communication services
that the network is currently in beta testing mode and some subscribers use and also to suggest managing Satellite Operational Centers (NOC, Hub) for other
StarLink in parallel with their old provider, thereby reducing the load on the providers and Clients having such Centers.
StarLink network.
If, in the future, SpaceX will publish the number of active users (and ideally
the average traffic consumption per a single subscriber) by the countries of its
presence, then it will be possible to check the estimates with the actual situation.

A Conversation With... Jens Ewerling
Global Market Manager, Maritime, Cobham SATCOM
From digital transformation to future satellite Additionally, the one-meter SAILOR 1000 XTR sports a new simplified and robust
constellations, Jens Ewerling (photo to pedestal for better antenna performance and easier and simpler conversion
the left), Product Manager, VSAT, Cobham between Ku- and Ka-bands. The dual antenna operation provides fast and reliable
SATCOM, provides his unique insights on automatic switching between two antennas and inbuilt flexibility, meaning that it is
the development of the company’s latest ready for future satellite networks.
antenna platform – the SAILOR XTR.
How is the SAILOR XTR antenna platform enabling greater digital
Mr. Ewerling, what does new transformation in the maritime industry?
generation mean to you in the context
of the SAILOR XTR antenna platform? Jens Ewerling
The SAILOR XTR antenna platform will be key in supporting owners and
Jens Ewerling operators, and, subsequently, the wider industry, in achieving digital
For Cobham SATCOM, a next transformation. For example, intelligence gathered by VSAT-powered data
generation technology platform is streams within the technology enable owners and operators seeking cost
one which sets a new standard, a effective solutions to address and analyze a myriad of complex issues. These
standard that’s achieved through include growing calls for transparency, measuring, reporting in real time, and
best-in class accreditation and reducing fuel consumption and emissions, as well as improving seafarer welfare.
market-leading technical capabilities. The SAILOR XTR antenna systems are also prepared for the Internet of Things
In the maritime market, SAILOR XTR (IoT) and has been developed to ensure up-time, boost the efficiency of on-
epitomizes this. After two and a half years as well as multiple, parallel, development board IT systems and improve vessel performance. The antenna’s built-in, IoT
tracks, we’ve added new electronics and ground-breaking software to this unit One data protocols, such as Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT), Simple
highlight is the new XTR Antenna System Control Module, a powerful computer Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and RESTful API, make the SAILOR XTR
mounted inside the antenna that runs secure software and is connected to all of the antenna system a self-reporting item in a typical satcom/IT solution, providing
other modules via an internal network. up-to-date detailed antenna information and enabling preventive maintenance.
In that sense, the SAILOR XTR can be viewed as an enabler technology — a gateway
How will the SAILOR XTR antenna platform enable users to access to unlock greater all-round digitalization in the maritime and offshore industries.
new constellations once they come online? Likewise, the technology’s new XTR Antenna System Control Module (ASCM),
with a hardware encryption key chip mounted inside of the antenna makes data
Jens Ewerling exchange faster, safer and more reliable for owners and operators. The ASCM is
The satellite industry is evolving at an unprecedented pace. close to all other modules and motors via a star network topology for speed of
Connectivity solutions that harness existing constellations, and are data exchange and reliability. Importantly, it only accepts Cobham-signed software,
future-proofed for new constellations, are therefore paramount for which makes it impossible for cyber-attackers to read out the private key, which is
those requiring connectivity in the maritime and offshore industries. programmed into the key chip. With digital transformation requiring more stringent
We designed SAILOR XTR with the needs of our users and future constellations levels of cyber security, we have developed SAILOR XTR to ensure the highest
in mind. For example, the technology integrates the best of the SAILOR VSAT levels of security for our users.
technology into a new platform with cutting-edge software and electronic
capabilities that prepare it for future constellations in LEO, MEO, GEO and HEO
satellite orbits.
Cobham SATCOM SAILOR XTR Cobham SATCOM SAILOR 1000 XTR with Ku-_antenna + radome

competitive market. With more than 15,000 SAILOR antennas in the field on all
Cobham SATCOM’s communication systems are known for vessel types in all oceans, we have applied our technical expertise and years of
delivering reliable and rapid connectivity in the world’s most R&D to develop a new marine technology that meet’s today’s demands and is
challenging and remote environments. How is the SAILOR XTR future-proofed against tomorrows.
building on this legacy?
Could you provide us with some insight on the research and
Jens Ewerling development process? When will we see the full product roll out?
Everything we do at Cobham SATCOM is driven by our promise to deliver
reliable connectivity, anywhere, at any time. SAILOR XTR continues to deliver Jens Ewerling
on this promise, and is currently the world’s most rugged, reliable antenna After a two-and-a-half-year development process and a recent launch, we’re
designed to meet the demands of both current and future technology. continuing to roll out the full product portfolio. We are proud to have successfully
For instance, an Ethernet port inside of every above-deck SAILOR XTR installed the first SAILOR 1000 XTR Ku on the M/V Pearl Seaways operating in
unit facilitates new connectivity options. The Ethernet port could also be Scandinavian waters.
used by solution Partners to integrate third-party devices, e.g., cellular
transceivers, Wi-Fi access nodes, and so on. The additional data from While the vessel is at sea, an off-the-shelf, LTE cellular device mounted inside
these devices gets securely routed to an Ethernet port on the SAILOR the antenna is providing Cobham SATCOM engineers with remote access
XTR Below Deck Unit at a rapid 1 Gbps speed, once again, improving from the office and real-time antenna data to monitor performance. We will
opportunity for data amalgamation and subsequent operational efficiencies. use all data gathered and user feedback to iterate our future product design.
With our users working in some of the world’s toughest environments, Following the development of new electronics and mechanics for the 1 meter
continuously seeking to improve the speed, quality and reliability of connectivity, antenna, we are also now creating new antenna variants within the usual 1 meter,
will be key to raising the bar for safety at sea. Plus, we want to continue being 80 and 60 cm aperture size brackets.
the ones setting the standards.
What is next in the pipeline for Cobham SATCOM?
Are there particular maritime industries, which can most benefit
from the new generation of connectivity? If so, how? Jens Ewerling
While generic Ku-band antennas and Ka-band antennas/user terminals
Jens Ewerling for the Inmarsat Global Xpress™ are the dominating business, we are
SAILOR XTR has been designed to provide constant satellite connectivity, carefully evaluating potential business opportunities with new satellite
whatever the location or circumstance. From merchant shipping to the fishing and constellations in non-geosynchronous orbits (NGSO), such as LEO and MEO.
offshore industries, the smart antenna is built to increase operational efficiency, New LEO and MEO constellations could disrupt the more traditional
drive up safety standards and unlock digital transformation across all sectors. satellite business, which requires us to have a hardware play for that
Specifically, SAILOR XTR provides the high-speed connectivity, reliability eventuality. We are leading the pack in this respect. The SAILOR XTR is the
and security that’s required in merchant shipping to conduct important first of many to not only meet these demands, but also pave the way for the
business and obtain operational data, like sending manifests, sharing future of satellite communications.
documentation to berth and the safe and secure delivery of pilots.
In addition, the antenna supports crew with mission-critical tasks, like efficiently www.cobhamsatcom.com/
documenting or trading catch on fishing vessels, while also providing those on-
board with much needed contact with loved ones. The rugged, powerful and
durable antenna also maintains high performance regardless of weather conditions,
which is necessary for the extreme conditions often faced by those working at sea.
Similarly, in the offshore industry, SAILOR XTR also enables crew to stay
connected to the same network
so that they can provide accurate
status reports, such as a precise
ETA, even in the roughest sea
conditions.
What sets the SAILOR

XTR apart from
competitors?
Jens Ewerling
SAILOR XTR is the highest-
performing, most reliable and
cost-effective antenna system
on the market to date. Built in
response to changing market
demands, evolving satellite
networks and unprecedented
uncertainty, we have designed
the platform to drive greater
simplicity for our users without
compromising performance.
By investing in a futureproof
system, we are providing owners
and operators with more time to
focus on business-critical issues.
A necessity in an increasingly

Making Offshore
Connections A Priority
Author: Jeffrey Irwin, Vice President,
Product Management at Speedcast
Last year, it was recorded that the average user spent

a quarter of their waking time on their mobile phone.
The 21.5 billion connected devices that we are using
worldwide help us to stay in touch with friends and
family, access entertainment solutions and even work
and learn online.
For most, it is almost impossible to imagine a world without social

media, TV on demand, or access to live news via the internet. No matter
where you are, staying connected is an expectation and a vital part to
how we live our lives.

the quality of life for crew. A task that would have previously needed a member
of staff on-site can now often be undertaken remotely.
Thanks to the abilities of communication methods such as video calling, queries

For those working at remote locations, such as oil and gas (O&G) platforms and answers can be relayed in a matter of seconds. This negates the need for
at sea, it is just as important to stay connected. In an interview with World staff to make additional journeys offshore and operators save the expense of
Economic Forum last year, experienced seafarer and Captain Chris Brandon travel and accommodation.
called boredom at sea ‘the biggest enemy.’ While many staff spend weeks at a
time offshore, away from friends and family, being able to stay in touch with life
on land is vital for their wellbeing. Access to the internet is no longer a luxury Vital: High Bandwidth + Reliability
commodity, but an expectation.
Providing internet access to an offshore site is a challenge as terrestrial networks
rarely reach their locations. However, that does not mean users must have lower
Achieving A Higher Quality Of Life expectations. Plus, it does not mean technologies can function with reduced
bandwidth. Whether being used by crew in their personal hours, or by operators for
During offshore operations, crew frequently work in stints of 7 or 14 days, meaning the use of industrial IIoT, both connections can thrive without hindering one another.
there are long periods spent away from home. Due to the pandemic, many crew
members are forced to work within isolation bubbles to reduce exposure to the The evolution of technologies in recent years means the applications we rely on
public. Frequent lockdowns have made getting back home an uncertainty, in often need a high-speed connection in order to reliably function. For example,
turn, increasing tensions onboard. During this time, it is important for crew to be business applications can run on a separate network from the crew welfare
able to contact their family and stay entertained, in order to keep morale high. networking, keeping all more efficient and safer.
Expectations for these types of applications are stringent. We no longer just Operators should use solutions that leverage a global network of satellites for a
want to speak to our loved ones — we want to use video calling in order to see strong and stable connection at even remote locations. Flexible solutions such
them, as well. The periods of isolation we experienced during the pandemic as Speedcast’s LAUNCH solution offer this reliable, always-on connectivity as
highlighted the importance of effective communication between friends and well as provides additional critical connectivity backup for operations, all the
family; despite its conception back in 2011, the video calling app Zoom saw its while simplifying access to news, entertainment and periodical content.
user numbers skyrocket over the course of 2020. For offshore crew members,
this is their reality, often for weeks at a time. Speedcast’s LAUNCH portfolio also offer flexibility for operators, whose needs
may vary between sites and crew members. Those on remote sites can pay
We also want to communicate on a variety of applications, from classic for their own Wi-Fi packages using the onboard satellite or other networks,
messaging apps to many different types of social media. The modern, 24-hour relieving the remote site operator of administrative burdens and monthly
news cycle means we want to receive updates on current affairs every day, as commitments. Users can simply select Wi-Fi packages of their choice and
well as keep up to date with friends and family when they post updates online. make purchases through the easy-to-use LAUNCH Internet Portal. This is
All of these applications require an internet connection, and many incorporate how operators can strike the balance between maintaining crew morale with
high bandwidth media forms like music and video. accessible connectivity, while keeping costs manageable.
Facilitating Staff On-Shift Benefits For Crew + Operators Alike

Remote platforms need enough bandwidth to power social and entertainment Access to reliable and high bandwidth connectivity greatly increases the wellbeing
applications and this connectivity must work alongside the connected operations of staff working at remote sites and also reduces costs for operators investing in
that power business operations. An increase in the use of industrial Internet IIoT and managing crew communications. While off-grid connectivity was once
of Things (IoT) equipment is increasing automation and helping to streamline a considerable challenge, global satellite networks may now be
operations at remote sites. leveraged to enable always-on connectivity, wherever the user
is located in the world.
As well as reducing the risk of human error, industrial IoT equipment can work
continuously and, in the most efficient manner, save operation costs. While the Author Jeffrey Irwin is Vice President of Product Management
Industrial IoT (IIoT) market is expected to reach $124 billion in 2021, it cannot at Speedcast. Jeff has been working with satellite
function without a stable internet connection. communications since 1996 with proven abilities in commercial
product management in satellite and wireless connectivity, value
In cases where a member of staff is required to keep business operations moving, added services, and channel development, driving key growth
connectivity can contribute to reducing costs for operators, as well as improve in the Maritime, Energy, Land and Aero sectors of satellite

Satellite Magazine

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Satellite Magazine

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Satellite Magazine

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Worldwide Satellite Magazine

SatMagazine November 2021

InfoBeam Features Advertisers

Orbex.................................................................. 14 SATCOM + CMMC............................................... 38

SatMagazine is published 11 times per year by SatNews Pub-

SatMagazine Page 2 November 2021

The Arianespace VA255 launch from Europe’s

Thales Alenia Space

On Sunday, October 24, at 02:10 UTC, Ariane 5 lifted off from

SatMagazine Page 4 November 2021

spacebridge.com | info@spacebridge.com | +1.514.420.0045

The SYRACUSE 4A satellite, image courtesy of Arianespace.

This military communications satellite, commissioned by the

Developed under the leadership of the DGA in close coordination with

SatMagazine Page 6 November 2021

DEV Systemtechnik has developed a new distributing matrix system

sigma allows satellite network operators and broadcaster to select any

All I/Os and the whole switching fabric

Upgrades beyond 128 ports are also

DEV Systemtechnik is a member of the

Artistic rendition of the SpIRIT smallsat on-orbit.

“SpIRIT is a truly exciting mission. SpIRIT will make a valuable contribution to

“Our SpIRIT mission aims to advance the capabilities of small spacecraft by

SatMagazine Page 8 November 2021

On Tuesday, October 26, 2021, Japan successfully launched their

SatMagazine Page 10 November 2021

commercial ISS utilization. Voyager Space, the majority shareholder in

Nanoracks’ Starlab business model is designed to enable science,

“We’re excited to be part of such an innovative and capable team—one that

To meet U.S. government, international space agency and commercial

NASA recently announced the Commercial Low-Earth Orbit (LEO)

Nanoracks will prime the Starlab development effort, leveraging more

The carbon footprint of launching the new Orbex Prime space

Prime is poised to become one of the most environmentally friendly, orbital

A key factor in the environmental credentials of Prime is its innovative

SatMagazine Page 14 November 2021

Following a European open call for tenders, the technology

To foster the development of an SST capability in Europe, the EU

The aim of this Support Framework is to develop an independent SSA/

Scalable from 1+1 to 4+1 redundancy

Variable gain control 0 - 40dB

Hot swappable active components

1:1 redundant dual power supply

Local and remote configuraiton

RF-Design/Germany │ contact@rf-design-online.de │ www.rf-design-online.de

SatMagazine Page 15 November 2021

Humankind is one step closer to unlocking new knowledge about

SatMagazine Page 16 October 2021

RD AMROSS RD-180 engine.

Search: CPI Satcom

SatMagazine Page 17 November 2021

• L’TES (Thermal Emission Spectrometer), Arizona State

Lucy builds on years of technology from numerous Lockheed Martin

• A robust thermal design that protects Lucy from extreme

• Autonomous software that enables Lucy to track asteroid

• Advanced production parts like 3D-printed brackets and

The spacecraft carries updated versions of three heritage instruments…

• L’Ralph, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center — This

SatMagazine Page 18 November 2021