North Valley College Foundation Inc.

Lanao, Kidapawan City

A CASE STUDY OF THE

ONOTAN FAMILY

Presented to the Faculty of the Nursing Department of

North Valley College Foundation Inc.

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1

Presented by:

Gaspan, Erin Trisha Kristel G.

Dimacial, Sittie Surayya N.
Gierza, Princess Annie O.
Corpuz, Frankhen Glein A
Daguman, Chesa Mae C.
Enecito, Lorienne Kyle E.
Jabinez, Oshien Mae S.
Dalisay, Lea Claire A.
Hassan, Noraifa K.
Jaid, Mernalyn L.

October 2023

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i

Table of Contents ii - iii

Acknowledgement iv

Chapter I - Introduction

A. Introduction 1-2

B. Objectives of the Study 3

C. Significance of the Study 4

D. Scope and Delimitation

Chapter II – Community Profile

A. Barangay Officials 6

B. History of the Barangay 7-8

C. Barangay Profile/Population 9-11

D. Health Profile W/ Health Workers 12

E. Barangay Health Services 13-14

Chapter III – Initial Database

A. Family Structure, Characteristics and Dynamics 15-16

B. Social Economic and Cultural Characteristics Income 17-20

C. Home and Environment 21-31

D. Health Status of Each Family Member 32-36

E. Values, Habits, Practices of Health Promotion 37-38

Chapter IV – Identified Health Problems

Assessment Levels and Identified Health Problems 39

Results of 1st Level of Assessment 40-41

Results of 2nd Level of Assessment 42-44

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Chapter V – Scaling of Health Condition and Problems

Results of the Scaling 45-53

Prioritization of the Problem 54

Family Nursing Care Plan 55-63

Chapter VI – Appendices

Consent 64-65

Family Assessment Tool 66-70

Invitation of Culmination Program 71

Documentation 72-77

References 78

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The creation of this case study was solely accomplished through the

collaboration and collaborative efforts of the entire team. The dedication, time, and

energy invested in conducting interviews to gather valuable information for this case

study are remarkable. Additionally, we would like to express our heartfelt gratitude and

appreciation to all the individuals who helped and who played a part in the creation of

this study.

We would like to express our genuine appreciation to our beloved clinical

instructors, Ma'am Lorelie R. Dayondon, RN, Ma’am Marian Gian B. Jontilla, RN, Ma’am

Ariane E. Cursaba, RN, and Ma’am Helen Maglunsod, RN, for their unwavering support,

patience, and guidance in every part and aspect of this case study. To the respected

barangay officials, thank you for welcoming us into this community and for providing us

with valuable data for the completion of this study. To the health care workers, thank you

for their efforts in maintaining a healthy living environment for the community and for

providing us with valuable information about their services. We would not have been

able to succeed without your valuable information.

To our family, thank you for their unwavering support, love, encouragement, and

belief in us during this case study. We could not have done it without your unwavering

support. Above all, to our great Almighty God, who guided us throughout this case study,

His presence brings us comfort, clarity, and strength during difficult times. To God be all

the glory!

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Community Health Nursing look at the broader needs of a population, not just an

individual (Gordon, 2022). The agenda is health promotion, disease prevention, and

recognizing the needs of the community. Also, it is a specialized field of nursing that

focuses on promoting and preserving the health of the individual, families, and

communities. It involves providing comprehensive health care services, education, and

support to address the needs and challenges of specific population. It plays a vital role

because it embodies the principles of prevention, promoting and protecting the health of

the individuals. Community health nurses assess the health needs and concerns of the

community. It focuses on the delivery of patient-centered care to individuals and families

in need of medical attention.

According to the American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American

Nurses Association (ANA), the goal of community health nursing is to provide

comprehensive and culturally competent care to different populations, community health

nurses work in various settings, such as clinics, educational institutions, residences,

where they evaluate the health needs of the community, developing strategies to

promote well-being and provide education and preventive health care.

Family is the heart of Filipino culture. Filipinos are known for their close-knit

families and their commitment to supporting and caring for one another. Like the Onotan

family, they have strong ties, despite their status in life. The bonds of love, support, and

care for each other can be the source of their strength. Joan had a part-time job before,

but she stopped due to her health condition, while her husband Romy is a laborer but

not consistent. If someone is having a house constructed, that is the only time that he

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works as a construction worker or laborer, and he is also a wood seller. The main source

of their income is labor. Their finances are not enough for them to sustain their needs

because Mrs. Joan needs medication for her health conditions. They mostly ask for their

food from her mother due to a lack of finances and poverty. We chose the Onotan family

among the 18 families that we interviewed because their family is facing more financial

constraints. They lack access to necessities like food, proper shelter, and healthcare.

The Onotan family is a nuclear family. A nuclear family is a household consisting

of a father, a mother, and their children all in one household dwelling. Mr. Romy Onotan,

head of the family, works as a farmer and sometimes laborer. His partner is Ms. Joan

Onotan, who manages the household as a housewife. This relationship resulted in 4

children: 2 died and 2 were alive. Melendy Onotan’s cause of death is myasthenia

gravis, and Micah Onotan had leukemia last year. The alive children, namely Melenche

Onotan, 18 years old and Jerome Onotan is 6 years old.

For Mrs. Joan's case, she really needs a proper health care and treatment for her

health condition regardless of their financial situation. Mrs. Joan often experiencing

physical and emotional suffering due to her chronic and severe condition that is why she

needs immediate treatment because it can rapidly lead to fatalities without immediate

medical intervention. Out of all the families that we encountered, the Onotan’s family

touched our hearts. We chose them as our family because we wanted to help and learn

about Mrs. Joan's situation. As we saw during our interview, the family really needs a lot

of help, from proper health sanitation. We wanted to educate the family and encourage

how important health is and how important the cleanliness of our environment is. We

may be facing a financial crisis, but we should never neglect our health. This family

really strives for us and motivates us to know more about their life and situation.

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General Objective

The purpose of this case study is to gather comprehensive data and insights to

identify the needs, health issues of different families in Barangay Ilomavis, Kidapawan

City. This assessment aims to identify the areas and families that require attention and

interventions.

Specifically, the group will:

 Conduct interview to the 25 families in Barangay Ilomavis, Kidapawan City;

 Identify a family that requires urgent needs and support;

 Collect information of the chosen family about their present and past conditions;

 Identify their specific health issues;

 Identify health needs and priorities of the family;

 Develop an action plan;

 Formulate a family care plan to the determined family;

 Planned a family nursing care plan outlining their nursing intervention and primary

health care that the family requires;

 Establish interpersonal relationships with the family.

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A. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of the study will give great benefits to the following:

Community - The gathered data in this study can help the community to identify the

health needs, priorities, and specific health issues within the family in the community that

aims to promote healthy behavior, lifestyle, and environment for all members in the

community.

Brgy. Officials - The assessment provides valuable data and insights about the health

needs and challenges of the community, and provide specific actions for the certain

problems of the community and protect the well-being of their residents.

Brgy. Health Workers - The assessment provides valuable information about the

specific health needs and challenges of the community this help the barangay health

workers to identify areas that require improvement and to promote awareness to the

residents.

Family - The assessment identifies specific health challenges faced by the family to

address their health concern, to provide them with guidance and support in navigating

Their health challenges.

Future Student Researchers - Conducting a community health assessment allows the

student researchers to gain experience to develop essential skills such as critical

thinking, problem solving, communication and fostering teamwork and collaboration

skills.

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B. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This team has been designated to perform a three-day case study in Purok 1-3

within Barangay Ilomavis, situated in Kidapawan City, North Cotabato. Our research

begun on September 22 and ended on September 29, 2023. The Onotan family was our

choice due to their circumstances; they are the family in need.

We chose the Onotan family because they require assistance the most. We saw

that they were facing significant challenges. By making this decision, we aimed to

provide them with the necessary resources and support and to address their problem.

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 CHAPTER II

BARANGAY OFFICIALS

Brgy. Chairman : Hon. Jimmy A. Mantawil

Brgy. Secretary : Glenda B. Serrano

Brgy. Treasurer : Rolan M. Bayawan

Committee on Education : Hon. Christopher P. Damo SR.

Committee on Environmental : Hon. Melvil P. Ompong

Committee on Health : Hon. Richardo A. Bacag

Committee on Peace and Order : Hon. Jerry I. Siao

Committee on Agriculture : Hon. Mario B. Ayag

Committee on Finance : Hon. Nelson A. Tula

IMPR & Tribal Affairs & Land Conflict : Hon. Antonieto R. Bolado

Brgy. Clerk : Charmie L. Timil

BRK : Esterella L. Sundo

FORMER BARANGAY CHAIRMEN

Hon. Damaso A. Bayawan

Hon. Pablo Iyong

Hon. Prescilo Padua SR

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 HISTORY OF BARANGAY ILOMAVIS

Ilomavis is a barangay in the city of Kidapawan, in the province of

Cotabato Ilomavis is situated at approximately 7.0367, 125.1929, in the island of

Mindanao. Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 756.5 meters or 2,481.9

feet above mean sea level. Ilomavis comes from the name of three tribes “ILO”

as Ilocano, “MA” as Manobo and VIS as Visaya. Three tribes in unity. The father

of Ilomavis Prescilo S. Padua, SR. and Ilocano and the tribal elders agreed to

name its barangay as ILOMAVIS. Ilomavis was just a sitio or part of one

barangay which is Ginatilan. With the effort of Ex-barangay captain Prescilo

Sonico Padua, Sr., his brother Mr. Eduardo Padua, and the tribal leaders namely

Datu Montera Sia, Datu Akuas Bayawan and other tribal elders, Ilomavis was

born.

Like others in earthquake-struck communities, the people of Barangay

Ilomavis in Kidapawan City are still coming to terms with the destruction caused

by the strong tremors. Ilomavis is at the foot of the Philippine’s tallest mountain,

Mount Apo. Among the barangays in Kidapawan City, the effect of the

magnitude 6.5 earthquake was said to be had been most felt there. Two strong

tremors – magnitude 6.6 on October 29 and magnitude 6.5 on October 31 – both

struck just past 9 am.

The City government, in partnership with the National Housing Authority

(NHA), turned over the PHP 36.6-million housing project to 117 families

displaced by the 2019 earthquake in Barangay Ilomavis. The project comprised

of 117 newly-built housing units for Puroks 3 and 4 of Barangay Ilomavis, both

declared hazardous and landslide-prone areas based on the assessment by the

Mines and Geosciences Bureau of the Department of Environment and Natural

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Resources. The beneficiaries also received collapsible water carrier with water

purification tablets, collapsible water gallon container, sleeping kits, and food

packs comprised of five kilos of rice, canned goods, and coffee. Funded by the

NHA, each unit costs PHP270,000. Kidapawan City is among the first local

government units to respond to the housing needs of their displaced constituents

in the provinces of North Cotabato and Davao Del Sur that were both severely

affected by the 2019 quake incident. In 2021, the city government also turned

over 551 housing units at the same relocation site.

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 BARANGAY PROFILE
COVERED PERIOD: APRIL-JUNE 2023
TOTAL POPULATION 4,705
NO. OF FEMALES 2,317
NO. OF MALES 2,388
NO. OF MINOR 2,391
NO. OF ADULTS 2,314

2022 HEALTH STATISTICS

TOTAL ACTUAL POPULATION 4,922
TOTAL PROJECT POPULATION 4,638
TOTAL NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS 1,277
TOTAL NUMBER OF FAMILIES 1,354

BARANGAY HEALTH CENTER

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BARANGAY HEALTH CENTER

10
BARANGAY HEALTH CENTER

11
 HEALTH PROFILE W/ HEALTH WORKER

Brgy. Chairman : Hon. Jimmy A. Mantawil

Brgy. Kagawad : Mr. Ricardo Bacag

Brgy. Midwife : Ms. Mercedes P. Tangcawan, RM

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Brgy. Nurse/NDP : Ms. Aiza N. Saniel, RN

Brgy. Nutrition Scholars : Ms. Peralta V. Diaz

: Ms. Adrelina L. Malveda

Brgy. Health Workers

Purok 1A and 1B : Ms. Juvie F. Encarnacion

Purok 2A and 2B : Ms. Marietta M. Pascua

Purok 3 and 4 : Ms. Amethyst L. Yahya

Purok 5 : Ms. Arlene D. Mantawil

Purok 6A : Ms. Jenlee M. Lambac

Purok 6B : Ms. Herminia M. Ahon

Purok 7 : Ms. Nancy C. Velila

BARANGAY HEALTH SERVICES

MEDICAL

The barangay of Ilomavis offers medical services from Monday to Friday.

This is to cater to those people in the community who have simple illnesses like

coughs and fevers by addressing more serious illnesses and referring them to a

larger hospital. The barangay health center plays a vital role in promoting and

maintaining wellness in the community.

MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH

The barangay also offers specialized services like maternal and child

health, encompassing prenatal and postnatal care. This is scheduled every

first Thursday of the month. They also conduct tetanus-diphtheria immunizations

that are scheduled from Monday to Friday. Over the years, their data shows how

much improvement they have made when it comes to maternal and child health

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 services and how dedicated they are when it comes to the wellness of the mother

and child.

FAMILY PLANNING

Family planning is also offered in the barangay health center every

Monday to Friday. They provide a lot of contraceptive options, like pills,

condoms, implants, and intrauterine devices, allowing every individual to plan

their own family according to their preferences and circumstances. They also

promote natural family planning and counseling, as well as papsmear referral.

NATURAL TUBERCULOSIS PROGRAM (NTP)

This barangay health service promotes wellness and awareness to

everyone in the community and is conducted every Monday to Friday by

collecting the sputum for sputum microscopy to ensure if the patient or client is

positive for tuberculosis.

IMMUNIZATION SERVICES

Immunization services are diligently given every 1st Wednesday of the

month, covering essential vaccines such as BCG vaccine, pentavalent vaccine,

oral polio vaccine, inactivated polio vaccine, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine,

and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. This active approach to vaccination

protects the community from diseases and promotes safety for each family. The

health center also offers comprehensive nutrition every weekday, like operation

timbang, deworming, vitamin A, provisions of micro-nutrients and food

supplements, and under five clinics for young children's health.

ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION

Environmental sanitation is important in the community because it

promotes safety for every individual in the community when acquiring serious

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illnesses. Every weekday, the barangay promotes solid waste disposal, excrete

and sewage disposal, rigorous inspections of food establishments, and the

containment and elimination of insects and rodent sites to avoid diarrhea and

vector diseases. With the efforts of the health workers and people in the

community, they will acquire a safer and disease-free community.

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SPOT MAP OF BARANGAY ILOMAVIS

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 CHAPTER III

Initial Base Assessment

A. Family Structure, Characteristic and Dynamics

The Onotan family is a nuclear family with six members. Although two of

their children are no longer alive. Mr. Romy Guabong Onotan, 34, is the family's

breadwinner. Joan Onotan, his wife, is the responsible mother of their four

children, who are now two. She is 39 years old. Melenche Onotan is a senior

high school student who is 18 years old and the eldest daughter, Melendy

Onotan, 13 years old, was the second daughter, who died from her sickness.

Jerome Onotan is a grade 1 student who is 6 years old and the third child of Mr.

and Mrs. Onotan. Micah Onotan, a female who was 1 year and 3 months old,

also passed away from leukemia last year. When it comes to decision-making,

their family is a matricentric system because they depend on Mrs. Joan since the

father of the family is not always there due to his work. The descent type of the

family is bilateral because both sides of the parents are important for emotional

ties. During our visits, we noticed that Mr. Romy was not around, and only her

wife and daughter, Melenche, were around.

The Family History and Background

The Onotan family was one of the people who lose their home way back

2019 because of the earthquake and it destroy their home completely. They live

together with Mrs. Joan's mother in the same compound. Together with their two

children, Melenche, 18 years old and Jerome who is 6 years old. They are now

17
 currently living in a tent that was given to them by the DSWD. The Onotan family

asked the local government to transfer them in the relocation,

Demographic Data

NAME AGE/SEX EDUCATIONAL POSITON

ATTAINMENT
Romy G. Onotan 34/M Elementary Level Father

Joan O. Onotan 39/F Highschool Level Mother

Melenche Onotan 18/F Senior Highschool Daughter

Level

Jerome Onotan 6/M Elementary Level Son

Melendy Onotan 13/F N/A Daughter

(Deceased)
Micah Onotan 1yr & 3 months/F N/A Daughter
(Deceased)

B. Socio Economic and Cultural Characteristics Income

Income and Expenses

Average Monthly Income of the Onotan Family

Source of Income Amount Earned/Month

Romy (Father)
 As a laborer/firewood seller Php 2,250
Estimated Total Income per month Php 2,250

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Summary of the Onotan Family Monthly Expenses

ITEMS PARTICULARS TOTAL AMOUNT

Rice 5 kilos/week @ 47.00 ₱940.00

Medication (Mrs. Joan)

Metronidazole (TID) (3x a day) #21 @ 17.00 ₱357.00

Multivitamins (OD) #30 @ 9.00 ₱270.00

Cefurixime (TID) #21 @ 9.00 ₱189.00

Dayong ₱50.00 ₱50.00

Allowance (Melenche) ₱100.00 once a week ₱400.00

Fare ₱100.00 ₱100.00

Sardinas #30 @ 22.00 ₱660.00

Noodles #30 @ 12.00 ₱360.00

Total Expenses ₱3326.00

The monthly costs of the Onotan family are insufficient for their monthly

expenses. They only rely on Mr. Romy as their source of income, but he does not

have a permanent job. He only earns money by constructing and renovating

houses when someone hires him, but if not, he sells some firewood to earn

money, so most of the time there is no money coming in. Mr. Romy is their only

source of support for Mrs. Joan’s health condition and her inability to work. The

table above includes a breakdown of their earnings and outgoings. The family's

income is insufficient to get them through the month, according to the figures

above. Because Mr. Romy's work is inconsistent, the family's income fluctuates

19
and sometimes is insufficient to support them. Most of the funds are used just for

Mrs. Joan's care, noodles, sardines, and rice. If they have any food resources,

they only rely on Mrs. Joan's mother and their neighbors. Due to their 2,250

monthly income and roughly 3,326 monthly expenses, they had a deficit of 1,076

pesos. Mrs. Joan's mother provided them with much of the food and other things

they required to make up for their shortfall in one month.

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Educational Attainment

When we approached the family for an interview, they kindly granted us

permission to ask about their educational background. With this consent, we

gathered information about their educational background. Mrs. Joan Onotan

finished her high school level, and her partner Romy Onotan finished elementary

school, while her eldest daughter Melenche Onotan is currently in senior high

school, while Jerome Onotan, the youngest, is currently in his first-grade level.

Ethnic Background and Religious Affiliation

During the interview, the family expressed their affiliation as Manobo

individuals following the Alliance religion. The mother holds a position as a

dayong member within their community.

Significant Others

Other than working as a laborer, it is their main source of income;

however, it is temporary. He will not be called upon to fix homes until they need

to be fixed. At the same time, he cuts wood and sells it. The mother, Joan

Onotan, is without a job because of concerns brought on by her health issues.

Joan's mother is catering to their needs due to financial limitations. Additionally, it

is Joan's relatives who are helping them.

Relationship of the Family to Larger Community

Their integration into the community has been smooth as they evacuated

near Mrs. Joan’s mother's house. Given their proximity as relatives, they

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 regularly engage with neighbors, offering aid and support in times of

emergencies or when assistance is required.

C. HOME AND ENVIRONMENT

A home is a place that gives comfort to everyone. It is because a home is

filled with love and life. Home is where love resides, memories are created,

friends always belong, and laughter never ends. Home is a place where one not

only feels comfortable but also a place they look forward to opportunely living in

every day. A home is built not by bricks or wood but with the bond of family. The

home of Onotan’s family is made up of waterproofed canvas, a heavy, closely

woven fabric used for tents, and the floor is simply soil. It is given by the DSWD

in year 2019. It consists of two beds but no living room. It has no windows. They

do not have any furniture, except for one small table.

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THE FLOOR PLAN

Adequacy Living Space

Computation

TFA – Total Floor Area

TFR – Total Space Requirement

Living Room

TFA =LxW

= 4.6mx4.1m

= 18.86m

TSR = (3sqm x2) + (1.5sqm x3)

= N/A

= N/A

= N/A

Result: TSR>TFA – Inadequate Living Space

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Ventilation

(Window) L x W = m2 x 100 = Bad Ventilation (No Window)

Sleeping Arrangement

In the Onotan residence, we witnessed that they have one bed for her

and her husband and one bed for her kids. The bed is made of wood, and they

use matting for sleeping. Additionally, the Onotan family is using mosquito nets at

night to provide protection from mosquitoes and other insects as they sleep.

Presence of Breeding and Resting Sites of Vectors of Disease

Dengue vector breeding sites are found inside and outside houses or

premises, at ground level, in receptacles on slabs, and in small and large

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 containers. In the Onotan residence, the breeding sites of vectors are found

inside their living room, which is the storage box made of wood for their clothes

organizer, in the front yard of their house, where the area has whole on the

ground that mosquitoes can lay their eggs on and also in the backyard which the

area is moist and has flowerpots.

Presence of Accident Hazards

A major accident hazard is a source of danger that has the potential to

cause a major incident. In the Onotan residence, we observed that one of their

problems with accident hazards was their cooking area, which was outside of

their house and two steps inside. They also used firewood for cooking. The

Onotan family cooks outside their house. It is made of wood and they use

firewood that can be a prone to fires. They used casserole pot and kettle in

cooking their food.

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Food Storage

For storage food, they keep their extra food in a transparent storage

container. Also, we saw that they only borrow kitchen utensils from Joan’s

mother because they lack of storage and kitchen equipment.

Water Supply

The Onotan family has a water source named BAWASA. Since the

barangay claims it is free for them, they do not pay anything. They do not have

drinking water, and they just get it from Joan’s mother. They also use a bottle of

alcohol and a gallon for their water container.

Toilet Facilities

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 A toilet is a fixed container, usually a big bowl attached to a mechanism

for flushing the waste into a sewer or septic tank, into which a person may

urinate or defecate. Their toilet facility is a water-sealed latrine covered with a

metal roof, and there are faucets and containers with pails. The toilet is half

covered on the side. Given that they live in the same compound as relatives, the

restroom is communal.

Garbage Disposal

The Onotan family does not have proper waste management. They used

a sack to dispose of their waste, where you can see that the biodegradable and

non-biodegradable waste are not segregated. They only use one sack for all their

waste; if the sack is full, they just burn the garbage because the garbage truck

picks it up only once a month. In fact, their trash that is in a sack is just next to

27
 their house, so if it has been piled up for a long time. It can be infested with

various diseases and mosquitoes, and they can get sick because of it.

Drainage System

The Onotan family has a poor drainage system. When it rains, the water

overflows into their house. Joan's mother lets them rest in her house, which is

next door to Onotan's house. Inadequate drainage can lead to mold growth as

well as mud flows.

Kinds of Neighborhood

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 The Onotan family is currently residing in a rural area of Brgy. Ilomavis,

Kidapawan City, Purok 2A, is near the stream. The land was owned by the

mother of Mrs. Joan Onotan, and they were living together in the same

community. Onotan’s family has their own house that was given to them by the

DSWD after the earthquake because their house was damaged when the

earthquake happened beside Joan’s mother's house. They were living in one

compound with her siblings and parents.

Pointed/Sharp Objects

We observed that the sharp objects, such as the bolo and axe, were only

placed at the bottom of the table. Given that it is easily accessible and potentially

dangerous to the child, it is possible that he will play with it.

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Social and Health Facilities

Health Center: The Onotan family lives close to the health facility, but what they really

need is the medication for her disease, which the health center sadly does not have. She

does not have enough money to travel to the city. They have a health center, but it is

understaffed, particularly when it comes to providing her medication for her disease. Her

sole source of support is her husband's salary. Unfortunately, they put their hunger

above her health and prioritized food.

Covered Court: With reference to population, the Onotan family simply needs to go only

a short distance to arrive at the covered court, which is large enough for any kind of

event.

30
Church: The family embraces the religion of the Alliance. As soon as they have the time,

they can go to church services. However, the family Onotan is frequently unable to

attend owing to her illness, which is unfortunate for her as their family's health is a

source of great sadness.

School: Their home and school are close enough for them to walk there and back. From

their home to school, it took them roughly three minutes to walk.

Communication and Transportation Facilities

Communication can be defined as the process of exchanging and

conveying information, thoughts, ideas, or emotions between individuals or

groups through various channels. They do not have any cellular phones due to a

lack of financial resources. Transportation refers to the many methods used to

31
 transfer people and/or things from one location to another. The Onotan family

uses a motorcycle if they want to go to the city to buy their essentials.

D. Health Status of Each Family Member

Joan Onotan is a 39-year-old woman of short stature. She weighs 33.45

kilograms and stands over 4 feet and 9 inches, which signifies that she is

underweight in the BMI classification. She has a dark complexion and is the

mother of four kids, all of whom were born through normal delivery. Joan is

diagnosed with Fistula in Ano Versus Anorectal Mass Status Post Diverting

Colostomy for Complete Intestinal Obstruction; Anemia of Chronic Disease last

September 04, 2023 at Cotabato Provincial Hospital. She is advised to refrain

from doing strenous activities, rest until fully recovered and in a high fiber or

protein diet. Romy Guabong Onotan is the breadwinner of the family. He is a 34-

year-old male. There is currently no further information available on him.

Melenche Onotan is the firstborn child of the Onotan family. She is an 18-year-

old female. With a height of 4 feet and 11 inches and a weight of 51 kilograms.

According to BMI, she is normal. Jerome Onotan is the youngest child. At only

about 6 years old, he stands at a height of 3 feet and 16 inches and a weight of

15.50 kilograms. According to his BMI, he is also underweight.

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Medical History

Joan Onotan is the mother of four children. All of them were born with normal

spontaneous vaginal delivery. She has no reports of miscarriage. She has three

daughters and one son, but two of them have already passed away: Melendy Onotan

(13 years old), who had myasthenia gravis (diagnosed at Kidapawan Medical Specialists

Center Inc.), and Micah Onotan (1 year and 3 months old), who was diagnosed with

leukemia. Melendy and Micah Onotan passed away in 2022. The couple reportedly has

a family planning method. The wife stated she is using combined pills. Later, she

stopped taking pills when she started having an illness.

33
Nutritional Assessment

Anthropometric Data

NAME AGE WEIGHT HEIGHT BODY MASS

INDEX (BMI)
Romy Onotan 34 y.o Refused vital signs to be checked
Joan Onotan 39 y.o 33kg 4’9 15.7 (Underweight)
Melenche 18 y.o 51kg 4’11 22.7 (Normal)
Onotan
Jerome Onotan 6 y.o 15kg 3’16 17.9 (Underweight)

BMI classification
18.5 below --- Underweight
18.5 - 24.9 --- Normal
25 - 29.9 --- Overweight
30 - 39.9 --- Obese
40 up ---- Morbidity

Joan Onotan weighs 33.45 kilograms and stands over 4 feet and 9 inches, which

signifies that she is underweight. Jerome Onotan, the youngest child, stands at a height

of 3 feet and 16 inches and a weight of 15.50 kilograms. According to his BMI, he is also

underweight. Melenche Onotan has a height of 4 feet and 11 inches and a weight of 51

kilograms. According to her BMI, she is normal.

34
Vital Signs of the Family

NAME BP CR RR TEMP

Romy Onotan Refused vital signs to be checked

Joan Onotan 120/80mmHg 95 bpm 18 cpm 36.2°C

Melenche Onotan 110/80mmHg 76 bpm 17 cpm 34.6°C

Jerome Onotan - 89 bpm 23 cpm 36.5°C

Diet History

The Onotan family prefers to eat vegetables every day, they eat once or twice a

day, but occasionally they skip meals because of a tight budget, and they end up eating

kamote or bananas for a day.

Eating Habits Practices

The Onotan family typically has poor health. They come from low-income homes,

so they do not have enough money to set aside for food. They typically eat once or twice

a day, although occasionally they skip meals. Due to the absence of the father, just the

mother and their two children share a supper, and the mother cleans the dishes right

away afterward.

Risk Factor Assessment

Poor Personal Hygiene: During our interview, we observed that most of the

family members have improper hygiene. The nails are long and dirty. The hair is kinky.

You can also smell the body odor. Not taking baths regularly due to the coldness of the

water.

35
 Poor Nutrition: As we can see from the family's BMI, most of the family members

are malnourished. It is due to the family's food intake. Most of the time, they only eat two

times a day. Due to financial resources, the family cannot afford to buy healthy and

quality food.

36
Values, Habits, Practices on Health

Immunization Status

NAME BCG HEPA PV OPV IPV PCV MMR COVID- BOOSTER

B 19

VACCINE

Joan         

Onotan

Romy         

Onotan

Melenche         

Onotan

Jerome   N/A  N/A  N/A N/A N/A

Onotan

Healthy Lifestyle Practices

Joan Onotan says that her way of having a healthy lifestyle is by doing

household chores. Joan Onotan's husband works as a laborer, and there are physical

benefits from doing the labor. A manual laborer job leads to muscles becoming stronger

and helps improve your overall fitness levels. As for their children, both go to school by

walking, and they are also active in playing games, which can benefit their physical

health.

Adequacy of Rest and Sleep

37
 Good sleep improves your brain performance, mood, and health. Also, not

getting enough sleep is bad for our health. Both of their children sleep at 8 p.m. after

they eat dinner, including the mother and father. Then they woke up at 6 a.m. When Mrs.

Joan is in pain, Melenche sleeps until one in the morning as she takes care of her

mother.

Exercise/Relaxation Activities

As the doctor advises her to refrain from doing strenuous activities, Mrs. Joan

manages her stress by having chitchat with her relatives and neighbors, with whom she

can express her ideas, sentiments, and feelings.

Use of Protective Measures

We saw the son of Joan Onotan run before entering their home, indicating that

the Onotan family lacks a gate that would keep them safe. He should not run there since

they might trip and hurt themselves. Because she does not believe that her son is in

danger, Joan Onotan does not take any action to stop him from running wherever he

pleases but rather sees it as a chance to perform home duties. Despite their financial

difficulties, the family prioritizes their health. They have mosquito nets to protect

themselves from mosquito bites. The Onotan family also wears slippers when they leave

the house.

Use of Promotive Practice Health Services

The Onotan family is financially unstable. For medicine, they would seek

assistance from the closest barangay health facility. Also, Joan goes to the

provincial hospital when they are in need and would be entertained immediately.

38
Luckily, her mother is there to support them financially. Her mother is the one

who helped them when it came to their lack of financial capabilities.

CHAPTER IV

IDENTIFIED HEALTH PROBLEMS

Health Deficit Health Threat Foreseeable Crisis

Fistula Pointed/Sharp Objects Hospitalization of a family

improperly kept member
Malnutrition
Fire Hazard

Presence of breeding or
resting sites of vectors of
disease

Improper waste disposal

Lack of drainage system

39
 Results of 1st Level Assessment

Cues and Data Health Problems

As verbalized by Joan, “gi operahan man Health Deficit
ko tung 2021 ma’am unya bag o lang pud
naka gawas sa hospital ug ang ingon sa Fistula

akoang doctor, mao daw na akoang sakit”

Joan verbalized, “sa usa ka adlaw kay ka- Malnutrition
duha ra mi maka kaon ug dili pud
permanente ga trabaho akoang bana, may
nalang gina tagaan mi sa akoang mama”
Cues and Data Health Problems
 A bolo knife placed below the table Health Threat
and their cabinet

 Joan verbalized: “Diha jud gina butang Pointed sharp object improperly kept such
sa akoang bana kay naga pamugha as bolo placed below at their table and
man gud sya ug kahoy” cabinet

 We observed that their cooking area is

outside of their house and 2 steps
away from it. They also using firewood Fire Hazard
as their cooking facility.
 In the Onotan’s residence, the storage Presence of breeding or resting sites of
box made of wood for their clothes vectors of disease
organizer and at the front yard of their
house have a hole on the ground that
mosquitoes can lay their eggs on.
 Joan verbalized “gina butang namo sa Improper waste disposal
sako ang mga basura tapos inig
mapuno na ang sako, gina dala nako
sa kanto aron makulekta na inig petsa
dos sa bulan”
 They have no drainage Lack of drainage system
 Joan verbalized “kung ga ulan kay ga
sulod jud ang tubig kay naay buslot
amoang atop”

40
As Joan verbalized, “mahadlok ko ma’am Foreseeable Crisis
kay basig ma admit na pud ko unya wala
nami kwarta ipa hospital.” Hospitalization and surgery of a family
member

41
 Results 2nd Level of Assessment

Cues and Data Health Problems

Health Deficit

Fistula

Inability to provide adequate nursing care

to the sick, disabled, dependent, or
vulnerable/at risk member of the family due
to:
 Lack of/inadequate knowledge about
As verbalized by Joan, “gi operahan man the disease/health condition (nature,
severity, complications, prognosis, and
ko tung 2021 ma’am unya bag o lang pud management).
naka gawas sa hospital ug ang ingon sa  Lack of/inadequate knowledge of the
nature or extent of nursing care
akoang doctor, mao daw na akoang sakit” needed.
 Lack of the necessary equipment and
supplies of care
 Lack of/inadequate knowledge or skill
in carrying out the necessary
intervention or treatment/procedure of
care (i.e., complex therapeutic
regimen or healthy lifestyle program).
 Inadequate family resources of care
specifically financial constraints.

Malnutrition

Inability to provide adequate nursing care

to the sick, disabled, dependent, or
vulnerable/at risk member of the family due
to:
 Lack of/inadequate knowledge about
Joan verbalized, “sa usa ka adlaw kay ka- the disease/health condition (nature,
severity, complications, prognosis, and
duha ra mi maka kaon ug dili pud management).
permanente ga trabaho akoang bana, may  Lack of/inadequate knowledge of the
nature or extent of nursing care
nalang gina tagaan mi sa akoang mama” needed.

42
  Lack of the necessary equipment and
supplies of care
 Lack of/inadequate knowledge or skill
in carrying out the necessary intervention
or treatment/procedure of care (i.e.,
complex therapeutic regimen or healthy
lifestyle program).
 Inadequate family resources of care
specifically financial constraints.

Cues and Data Health Problems

Health Threat

Pointed sharp object improperly kept such

 A bolo knife placed below the table as bolo placed below at their table and
and their cabinet cabinet

 Joan verbalized: “Diha jud gina butang Inability to provide a home environment
sa akoang bana kay naga pamugha conducive to health maintenance and
man gud sya ug kahoy” personal development due to:
 Lack of/Inadequate knowledge of
preventive measures.
 Lack of skill in carrying out measures
to improve home environment.

Fire Hazard

 We observed that their cooking area is Inability to provide a home environment

outside of their house and 2 steps conducive to health maintenance and
away from it. They also using firewood personal development due to:
as their cooking facility.  Lack of/Inadequate knowledge of
preventive measures.
 Lack of skill in carrying out measures
to improve home environment.

Presence of breeding or resting sites of

vectors of disease

 In the Onotan’s residence, the storage Inability to provide a home environment

box made of wood for their clothes conducive to health maintenance and
organizer and at the front yard of their personal development due to:
house have a hole on the ground that  Lack of/Inadequate knowledge of
mosquitoes can lay their eggs on. preventive measures.

43
  Lack of skill in carrying out measures
to improve home environment.

Improper waste disposal

 Joan verbalized “gina butang namo sa
sako ang mga basura tapos inig Inability to provide a home environment
mapuno na ang sako, gina dala nako conducive to health maintenance and
sa kanto aron makulekta na inig petsa personal development due to:
dos sa bulan”
 Lack of/inadequate knowledge of
importance of hygiene and sanitation.

Lack of drainage sytem

 They have no drainage Inability to provide a home environment

 Joan verbalized “kung ga ulan kay ga conducive to health maintenance and
sulod jud ang tubig kay naay buslot personal development due to:
amoang atop”
 Lack of skill in carrying out measures
to improve home environment.

Foreseeable Crisis

Hospitalization and surgery of a family

member

Inability to provide adequate nursing care

As Joan verbalized, “mahadlok ko ma’am to the sick, disabled, dependent, or
vulnerable/at risk member of the family due
kay basig ma admit na pud ko unya wala to:
nami kwarta ipa hospital.”  Lack of/inadequate knowledge about
the disease/health condition (nature,
severity, complications, prognosis, and
management).
 Lack of the necessary equipment and
supplies of care
 Lack of/inadequate knowledge or skill
in carrying out the necessary
intervention or treatment/procedure of

44
 care (i.e., complex therapeutic regimen
or healthy lifestyle program).
 Inadequate family resources of care
specifically financial constraints.

CHAPTER V

Table 4. Scale for ranking Health Condition and Problem

Criteria Weight

1. Nature of condition or problem

presented

Scale: wellness state 3

Health deficit 3 1

Health threat 2

Foreseeable Crisis 1

2. Modifiability of the condition or

problem 2

Scale: easily modifiable 1 2

Partially modifiable 0

Not modifiable

3. Preventive potential 3

Scale: High 2 1

Moderate 1

Low

4. Salience of the problem 2

Scale: A condition or problem needing

immediate action 1 1

A condition or problem not needing

45
 immediate action 0

Not perceived as a problem or condition

needing change

Fire Hazard

Criteria Computation Actual Score Justification

1. Nature of the 2/3x1 0.66 It is a health threat
Problem since their cooking
area is beside their
house, which can
cause fire.

It is not modifiable
2. Modifiability of 0/2x2 0 because of lack of
the problem financial resources.

The preventive
potential is
2/3x1 moderate since
3. Preventive 0.66 they put out the fire
Potential when they are
finished cooking.

Not perceived as a
4. Salience of the 1/2x1 0.5 problem or
problem condition needing
change.

Total: 1.82

46
Malnutrition

Criteria Computation Actual Score Justification

1. Nature of the 2/3x1 0.66 It is a health deficit
problem because it is a
deficiency or
imbalance of
essential nutrients
in the Onotan’s
family.

It is partially
2. Modifiability of 1/2x2 1 modifiable because
the problem Joan’s mother is
providing them with
food to eat.

It is moderately
3. Preventive 2/3x1 0.66 preventive since
Potential the family received
food given by her
mother.

A condition or
4. Salience of the 1/2x1 0.5 problem not
problem needing immediate
action since the
mother of Joan
usually provides
them with food.

Total: 2.82

47
Fistula

Criteria Computation Actual Score Justification

1. Nature of the 2/3x1 0.66 It is a health deficit
problem because it is her
current condition.

It is not modifiable
2. Modifiability of 0/2x2 0 since she needs to
the problem undergo surgery,
but they are
financially unstable.

It is low preventive
3. Preventive 1/3x1 0.33 since they do not
Potential take any action due
to a lack of financial
resources.

The family
4. Salience of the 1/2x1 1 perceives it as a
problem problem but not
needing immediate
action.
Total: 1.99

48
Pointed/Sharp Objects improperly kept

Criteria Computation Actual Score Justification

1. Nature of the 2/3x1 0.66 It is a health threat

problem because it can
cause injuries like
lacerated or deep
wounds to family
members.

It is not modifiable
2. Modifiability of 0/2x2 0 because they didn’t
the problem take an action to
transfer the sharp
object to another
place.

It is low preventive
3. Preventive 1/3x1 0.33 because the family
Potential did not take on
action to put it to
safer place.

It is not perceived as
4. Salience of the 0/2x1 0 a problem or
problem condition by the
family.

Total: 0.99

49
Presence of breeding or resting sights of vectors of disease

Criteria Computation Actual Score Justification

1. Nature of the 2/3x1 0.66 It is a health threat
problem because there is a
possibility that they
can have dengue
due to the
presence of
breeding sites of
dengue vectors.

It is not modifiable
2. Modifiability of 0/2x2 0 since the family did
the problem not take or action
to eradicate the
mosquito and other
vectors.

It is low preventive
3. Preventive 1/3x1 0.33 since they did not
Potential follow our advice
on how to eradicate
breeding sites.

The family
4. Salience the 1/2x1 0.5 perceives it as a
problem problem but not
needing immediate
action.

Total: 1.49

50
Improper garbage disposal

Criteria Computation Actual Score Justification

1. Nature of the 2/3x1 0.66 It is a health threat
Problem because it can lead
to diseases such
as diarrhea

It is partially
2. Modifiability of 1/2x2 1 modifiable because
the problem the Onotan family
used a sack for the
garbage, but it is
not segregated
properly.

It is moderately
preventive because
3. Preventive 2/3x1 0.66 they have one
Potential garbage can where
the garbage is
placed.

The family
perceives it as a
4. Salience of the 1/2x1 0.5 problem, but not
Problem needing immediate
action.

Total: 2.82
Hospitalization of a family member

Criteria Computation Actual Score Justification

1. Nature of the 1/3x1 0.33 It is foreseeable crisis

problem because of her
present condition.

51
 It is not modifiable
2. Modifiability of 0/2x2 0 since they were
the problem advised to admit Mrs.
Joan but they did not
follow due to financial
resources.

It is low preventive
3. Preventive 0/3x1 0 because they lack the
Potential financial resources for
hospitalization.

The family perceives it

as a problem, but not
4. Salience of the 2/2x1 1 needing immediate
Problem action due to their
financial resources,
they cannot sustain
the expenses for
hospitalization.
Total Score: 1.33

Lack of Drainage System

Criteria Computation Actual Score Justification

52
1. Nature of the 2/3x1 0.66 It is a health threat which
problem can lead respiratory
infection to the Onotan
family.

It is not modifiable
2. Modifiability of the 0/3x2 0 because they do not put
Problem any action and enough
time to fix the drainage.

It is low preventive
3. Preventive 1/3x1 0.33
because the they do not
Potential
put any action.

It is a problem, but they do

not take immediate action
4. Salience the 1/2x1 0.5
because they do not take
Problem
any action.

Total Score: 1.49

PRIORITIZATION OF THE PROBLEMS

List of Health Conditions or Problem ranked according to priorities presented.

53
 PROBLEM SCORE RANK

Malnutrition 2.82 1

Improper Garbage 2.82 1

Disposal
Fistula 1.99 2

Fire Hazard 1.82 3

Lack of Drainage System 1.49 4

Presence of breeding or 1.49 4

resting sights of vectors of
disease

Hospitalization of a family 1.33 5

member

Pointed/Sharp Objects 0.99 6

improperly kept

54
FAMILY NURSING
CARE PLAN

55
 HEALTH FAMILY GOAL OF OBJECTIVE NURSING METHOD RESOURCES EVALUATION
PROBLEM NURSING CARE OF CARE INTERVENTION REQUIRED
PROBLEM

Improper Inability to After nursing After nursing - Provided Home - Visual Aids The goal was
Garbage provide a intervention, intervention, education to Visit for discussion partially meet.
Disposal home the family will the family will patients, families, of proper ways
environment be able to: be able to: and communities of garbage
conducive to about the disposal
health - Reduce the - Minimize importance of
maintenance risks of harm to the proper waste - Time and
and personal diseases and environment disposal methods. effort of the
development health by preventing student nurse
due to: problems pollution, - Offered and the family.
caused by contamination guidance on
- Lack exposure to of natural separating
of/inadequate hazardous resources, recyclables,
knowledge of waste and damage hazardous
importance of materials and to materials, and
hygiene and contaminated ecosystems. general waste.
sanitation. environments.
- Enhance the - Encouraged the
- Optimize the quality of life use of eco-
use of natural for friendly products
resources by communities and materials that
promoting by creating are less harmful
recycling, clean, safe, to the
reusing, and and environment.
proper aesthetically
disposal pleasing
methods to environments.
minimize
waste.

56
57
 HEALTH FAMILY GOAL OF OBJECTIVE NURSING METHOD RESOURCES EVALUATION
PROBLEM NURSING CARE OF CARE INTERVENTION REQUIRED
PROBLEM

Fire Hazard Inability to After After nursing - Provided - Home Time and effort The goal was
provide a nursing intervention, education to visit partially met.
home intervention, the family will patients, families,
environment the family be able to: and communities - Interview
conducive to will be able about fire safety
health to: - Established practices,
maintenance an including fire
and personal - Increase understanding prevention
development knowledge with the measures and
due to: to prevent regards to the emergency
fire, and possible response
- Lack lessen risk problem when procedures.
of/Inadequate of electrical it comes into
knowledge of hazards. the fire - Educated
preventive hazard. patients and
measures. - Identify families on safe
possible cooking habits,
- Lack of skill threats of including never
in carrying fire around leaving cooking
out measures the unattended and
to improve community. using pot lids to
home smother grease
environment. fires.

58
 HEALTH FAMILY GOAL OF OBJECTIVE NURSING METHOD RESOURCES EVALUATION
PROBLEM NURSING CARE OF CARE INTERVENTION REQUIRED
PROBLEM

Fistula Inability to After After the nursing - Encouraged non- Home Visit - Visual Aids for The goal was
provide nursing intervention, the pharmacological discussion partially met.
adequate intervention, family will be pain relief fistula’s
nursing care to the family able to: techniques, such management
the sick, will be able as relaxation
disabled, to: - Assist the exercises and - Time and
dependent, or family member positioning, for both effort of the
vulnerable/at - Promote in managing the patient and student nurse
risk member of wound financial family. and the family.
the family due healing and challenges
to: prevent associated with - Educated the
infection to the patient's family about the
- Lack ensure condition. nature of the fistula,
of/inadequate proper its causes, and
knowledge wound care - Strengthen the treatment options.
about the and family's ability to
disease/health dressing. adapt and thrive - Instructed the
condition despite the family on infection
(nature, - Enhance challenges prevention
severity, family posed by the measures, such as
complications, coping and patient’s fistula. hand hygiene and
prognosis, and emotional proper disposal of
management) - well-being wound care
encourage - Improve materials.
- Lack open communication
of/inadequate communicat within the family - Encouraged
knowledge of ion within to prevent family members to
the I nature or the family to conflicts and take breaks and
extent of share enhance mutual practice self-care to

59
nursing care feelings and support. prevent caregiver
needed concerns burnout.

60
 HEALTH FAMILY GOAL OF OBJECTIVE NURSING METHOD RESOURCES EVALUATION
PROBLEM NURSING CARE OF CARE INTERVENTION REQUIRED
PROBLEM

Malnutrition Inability to After nursing After nursing - Provided Home Visit Time and effort The goal was
provide intervention, intervention, information about partially meet.
adequate the family will the family will nutrition through
nursing care to be able to: be able to: health teachings.
the sick,
disabled, - Recognize - Enhance - Discussed with
dependent or the physical, the family the
vulnerable/at importance of cognitive, and factors that
risk member of proper psychosocial contributed to
the family due nutrition. functioning by inadequate
to: addressing nutrition.
- Be malnutrition-
- Inadequate knowledgeabl related - Encouraged the
family e in ways on impairments individual to eat a
resources of how to and promoting variety of nutrient-
care prepare overall well- dense foods that
specifically nutritious food being. provide essential
financial for family that vitamins, minerals,
constraints. are within - Encourage a proteins,
their varied and carbohydrates, and
capability to balanced diet fats.
produce. that includes
locally
available,
culturally
appropriate,
and
sustainable
food choices.

- Maintain
optimal
nutritional
status, which
contributes to 61
improved
overall health,
immunity, and
quality of life.
62
 HEALTH FAMILY GOAL OF OBJECTIVE NURSING METHOD RESOURCES EVALUATION
PROBLEM NURSING CARE OF CARE INTERVENTION REQUIRED
PROBLEM

Lack of Inability to After nursing After nursing - Educated Home Time and effort The goal was
drainage provide a intervention, intervention, residents on the Visit not achieved.
system home the family will the family will risks of poor
environment be able to: be able to: drainage,
conducive to emphasizing the
health - Recognize - Ensure that importance of
maintenance the measures water does keeping living
and personal to prevent not pool or spaces dry and
development water from collect in and well-ventilated.
due to accumulating around the
around the property, - Provided
- Lack of skill home, which which can guidance on basic
in carrying can lead to lead to maintenance
out structural structural tasks, such as
measures to damage, mold damage and clearing gutters,
improve growth, and health ensuring proper
home potential hazards. seals around
environment. health windows and
hazards. - Mitigate doors, and
potential promptly
- Be health issues addressing any
knowledgeabl associated leaks.
e in ways on with
how proper dampness - Emphasized
ventilation is and stagnant hygiene practices
crucial to water, such to prevent
prevent as mold infections related
humidity growth and to waterborne
buildup, which indoor air pathogens or
can lead to quality mold
mold growth concerns.
and other - Educated on
indoor air proper
63 cleaning
quality issues. and disinfection
techniques in
areas prone to
dampness.
64
APPENDICES

65
66
67
68
69
70
71
“Invitation for Culmination Program”

72
DOCUMENTATION

73
Vital Signs Taking of the Onotan Family

74
“Collecting data of the family and signing of consent”

75
“The Group 10 2C together with the Onotan Family”

“Onotan Family”

76
77
Culmination Day

78
Group 10 2C Photos

79
References

Global, Purdeu, Rucki, S., & Gordon, J. (2022). The Importance of Community Health
Nursing. 2023, https://www.purdueglobal.edu/blog/nursing/community-health-
nursing/

Public health nursing. ANA. (2017, October 19). https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-

policy/workforce/public-health-nursing/

Pier. (2023). Filipino culture - family. Cultural Atlas.

https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/filipino-culture/filipino-culture-family

Ilomavis, city of Kidapawan, province of cotabato. PhilAtlas. (n.d.-a).

https://www.philatlas.com/mindanao/r12/cotabato/kidapawan/ilomavis.html

117 kidapawan families displaced by 2019 quake get new houses. (n.d.).
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1155939

80