Portafolio Intensive English
Portafolio Intensive English
Portafolio Intensive English
2023 - 2S
David Esteban Cantor Aponte
Nursing – Second semester
VOCABULARY
A lot of: A large quantity or significant amount of something.
Abroad: In or to a foreign country.
Accomplish: to bring to a successful conclusion or end
Achieve: to bring to a successful end; to get by effort
Acquiesce: To accept, comply, or agree to something reluctantly or without protest. It
implies giving in to a request or demand without expressing open approval.
Address: The place or name of the place where a person, organization, or the like is
located or may be reached
Although: Used to introduce a contrast or concession in a sentence.
Ambitious: characterized by ambition
Answered: Past tense of the verb "to answer," meaning to respond to a question or
statement.
Approach: to come nearer (to)
Around: In the vicinity or nearby a particular location. It can also refer to a general time
frame, meaning approximately or roughly.
Arrangements: Plans or preparations made for a specific purpose or event. It refers to
the organization or setup of something.
Assure: To give someone confidence or guarantee something.
Average: The arithmetic means or typical value in a set of data.
Awful: Extremely bad, unpleasant, or of poor quality. It can also be used to express
strong disapproval or dislike.
Bachelor: A man who has never been married or is not currently married.
Barrels: Large cylindrical containers, typically used for storing liquids or goods.
Bedridden: Confined to bed due to illness, injury, or physical condition. It describes
someone who cannot get out of bed.
Benefit: An advantage or positive result gained from something.
Beveller: Someone or something that bevels, which means to cut or shape an edge at an
angle other than a right angle.
Biennial: Occurring every two years.
Blessedness: A state of happiness, satisfaction, or divine favor.
Bossy: Inclined to give orders, domineering, or overly controlling.
Broaden: Expand or make something more extensive.
Brought: Preterit of the verb "bring", meaning to carry or transport something to a
place.
Budget: A financial plan outlining income and expenses.
Candlelit: Illuminated by the light of candles.
Carry out: To complete or execute a task or action.
Chants: Repeated vocal expressions, often used in a rhythmic or ritualistic manner.
Charity: The act of providing help, assistance, or resources to those in need, typically
through donations or volunteering.
Charming: Delightfully pleasing or attractive in a charismatic way. It describes
something or someone who is very likable and captivating.
Chilly out: A colloquial way of saying that the weather is cold or cool.
Citizenship: The status of being a legal member of a particular country, with the
associated rights, responsibilities, and privileges.
Clerk: An employee who performs administrative or routine tasks, such as record-
keeping, filing, and assisting customers.
Comparison: The act of examining the similarities and differences between two or more
things.
Concerningly: In a manner that causes worry or apprehension.
Counterparts: People or things that have a similar function or role in a different context.
Countryside: Rural or rural areas outside of cities and towns, characterized by open
landscapes, farms, and natural beauty.
Cousin: A child of one's uncle or aunt.
Crescent: A winding, curved road that typically attaches to another road at each end.
Criado: Servant or servant, often in the context of parenthood.
Crowded: Filled with many people or things.
Cured: To recover health after an injury or illness.
Currency: money in circulation as a medium of exchange in a country
Dates: time in terms of the month, day, and year at which some event happened or will
happen
Decaying: Undergoing a process of deterioration or rot.
Degree: any of a series of steps or stages
Detail: A small or specific piece of information or feature.
Disable: To make something unable to function or operate properly.
Disappearance: The act of vanishing or becoming unseen.
Diseases: illness; sickness
Doomsday: a time of catastrophic destruction and death.
Downpour: a heavy fall of rain.
Dust: Tiny, dry particles of matter that may be found in the air or on surfaces.
Early: Referring to a time or point in time that is near the beginning of a particular
period.
Either: Used to indicate a choice between two options or alternatives.
Elevated: Raised up or elevated.
Emphasizes: Highlights or gives special importance to a particular aspect.
Emphasizes: To give special importance or attention to something, often to highlight its
significance.
Empowerment: The process of giving individuals or groups the authority, confidence,
and resources to take control of their lives or make decisions about their own well-
being.
Endangered: Referring to a species of plant or animal that is at risk of becoming extinct
soon. This term is often used in the context of conservation and environmental
protection.
Engaged: Involved or committed to a particular activity or relationship. To be involved
in an activity or to have agreed to marry someone.
Enhancing: Improving or increasing the quality, value, or effectiveness of something.
Estrangement: The state of being alienated or emotionally separated from someone.
Ever: At any time, always, or during any period in the past, present, or future.
Exalt: To praise or highly commend.
Exhausted: Extremely tired or fatigued. To use up or consume completely, often
referring to energy or resources.
Explanatory: Providing an explanation or clarification.
Facing: Confronting or dealing with a particular situation or challenge.
Factual: Based on facts or reality, rather than opinions or interpretations. Information is
objective and can be verified.
Features: Characteristics or distinctive qualities of something. To include or have as a
characteristic.
Fluently: Able to speak or write a language smoothly and easily, without hesitation or
difficulty.
Foes: People or entities that oppose or conflict with someone.
Forecast: A prediction or estimate of future events or trends, often related to weather,
economics, or other areas. To predict or estimate future events or trends.
Foreword: commentary by another author placed in the beginning of a book.
Fortunately: Used to express that something is happening or has happened in a lucky or
favorable manner.
Framework: A basic structure or foundation that provides support for something.
Funds: Money or financial resources set aside for a specific purpose.
Further: To a greater extent or at a greater distance.
Giant: An extremely large or powerful entity or being.
Grave: Place where a deceased person is buried, usually marked with a tombstone.
Growth: The process of getting larger, developing, or increasing in size, quantity, or
quality.
Guess: To estimate or assume about something without having complete or certain
knowledge. An estimation or assumption about something.
Guidebook: A book or publication that provides information, instructions, and guidance
about a particular subject or location.
Guidelines: Specific instructions or rules that serve as a reference or framework for
doing something.
Hampering: Impeding or hindering the progress of something.
Handful: A small amount that can be held in one hand.
Happiness: A state of well-being characterized by positive emotions, contentment, and
satisfaction. It is the feeling of joy or pleasure.
Haunting: Evoking a strong feeling or memory that lingers in one's mind.
Hear: To perceive or listen to sounds with one's ears.
Heat: High temperature or thermal energy.
Hence: For that reason; as a result; therefore. It is used to indicate the cause or
consequence of something.
Hiking: An outdoor activity involving walking or trekking through natural landscapes,
often in hilly or mountainous terrain. The act of engaging in a hiking activity.
Hive: A structure where bees live and produce honey.
Hometown: The place where a person was born or where they consider their original
place of residence.
Hostage: A person held captive as a means of coercion or control.
Housewife: A woman who manages the household and typically takes care of domestic
duties, such as cooking, cleaning, and childcare.
Housework: Domestic chores and tasks related to maintaining a household, such as
cleaning, cooking, and laundry.
Hyperlink: Link on a web page that leads to another page or resource.
Identity theft: Unauthorized use of someone's personal information for fraudulent
purposes.
Improve: Make something better or enhance its quality.
Joke: A form of humor or a humorous story, often with a punchline, intended to amuse
or entertain. To tell a humorous story or make a humorous comment.
Journalism: The practice of gathering and reporting news.
Kinda: A colloquial contraction of "kind of," used to express partial agreement or
approximation.
Labelling: The act of attaching labels or descriptive tags to items, products, or
information to provide identification, instructions, or categorization.
Lane: a narrow road in the countryside or in a town
Lanes: Separate pathways for traffic or movement.
Lawyer: A professional who practices law and provides legal advice, representation,
and services to clients. Lawyers are trained to interpret and apply the law.
Lead: To go or guide in a particular direction or to be in charge or ahead of others. A
position of advantage or leadership.
Let: To allow or give permission for something to happen.
Liability: A financial obligation or debt.
Loans: Money borrowed with the agreement to repay it, typically with interest.
Lunchtime: The time of day designated for the midday meal, typically around noon.
Luxury: A state of great comfort, extravagance, or elegance.
Mainstream: The dominant or widely accepted trend or practice.
Make it: Succeed or achieve a goal or objective.
Measurement: The process of determining the size, quantity, or extent of something
using standard units or a scale.
Melted: Transformed from a solid state to a liquid state due to exposure to heat.
Metabolic: Relating to the chemical processes in living organisms that maintain life.
Mindful: Being aware and attentive to something.
Moody: Having frequent and unpredictable changes in one's mood or temperament,
often characterized by periods of irritability, sadness, or sullenness.
Moreover: Furthermore, in addition to what has been said.
Moreover: Used to introduce additional information or emphasize a point that follows
from what was previously stated.
Motorway: A large, multi-lane, high-speed road or highway designed for fast-moving
vehicles, often with controlled access and limited intersections.
Napping: The act of taking a short, often daytime, sleep or rest. The action of sleeping
briefly during the day.
Nearly: Almost or very close to a particular point, quantity, or state.
Nephrographic: Relating to or involving the recording of kidney function or structure.
Network: A system of interconnected people, organizations, or devices.
Nevertheless: Despite that; nonetheless.
Often: Frequently or on a regular basis; occurring many times.
Overall: Considering everything; in general.
Oversharing: Revealing too much information or personal details.
Pathways: Routes or channels for the passage of something.
Performance: The act or process of conducting a task, duty, or function, often referring
to how well something is done.
Postcodes: A numeric or alphanumeric code used in postal systems to identify specific
geographic areas or locations for the efficient sorting and delivery of mail.
Praise: To express approval or admiration for someone or something.
Prawns: A type of small shellfish, like shrimp, often used in cooking.
Preppers: people who prepare for extreme natural or nuclear disasters.
Professor: A senior academic teacher or instructor at a college or university. Professors
typically have advanced degrees and expertise in their field and often engage in
research and publishing.
Progress: The forward movement or improvement toward a goal or outcome.
Promptly: With little or no delay; quickly and punctually.
Property: Something owned or possessed by an individual or entity.
Quotes: Punctuation marks used to enclose and indicate a direct quotation or speech
from someone. To repeat or cite someone's words or statements.
Rather: Instead, or to a certain degree.
Rebellious: Inclined to resist authority, control, or established norms.
Recollection: The act of remembering or the process of recalling something from the
past.
Reconciliation: The act of restoring friendly relations or resolving a dispute.
Rejoice: To feel or express joy and happiness.
Release: The act of setting something free or making it available to the public.
Reliable: Trustworthy and able to be counted on to perform tasks or fulfill obligations
consistently and dependably.
Reluctance: Hesitation or unwillingness to do something.
Rely: Depend on or have confidence in someone or something.
Remains: What is left or leftover after something else has been removed or used up. To
continue to exist or stay in a particular state.
Researchers: Individuals who engage in systematic investigation and study to discover
new knowledge or gather information in a specific field
Risk: The potential of experiencing harm or loss.
Road: the path or route that's often built between or within cities or towns for easy
transportation.
Scholarships: Financial aid for students to support their education.
Scooter: A small, typically two-wheeled vehicle powered by an engine or human foot
power.
Scorecard: A written or printed record that tracks and displays scores, achievements, or
performance, often used in sports, games, or assessments.
Self-confident: Having a strong belief in one's abilities, worth, or judgment. Self-
confident individuals tend to be sure of themselves and their decisions.
Selfish: Showing a lack of consideration for the needs and feelings of others; primarily
concerned with one's own interests or well-being.
Sensible: Having or showing good judgment and practicality. Sensible decisions are
rational and reasonable.
Sensitive: Easily affected or influenced by external factors or stimuli, including
emotions, opinions, or physical sensations.
Shouting: The act of speaking or yelling loudly, often to get someone's attention or
express strong emotions. The action of speaking or yelling loudly.
Skiing: A winter sport in which participants glide on snow using skis attached to their
feet. The act of participating in the sport of skiing.
Skimming: To quickly read or look over something to get a general idea of its content
without a detailed examination. The act of reading or looking over something quickly.
Slide: A smooth, inclined surface or playground equipment designed for children to
slide down. To move smoothly or effortlessly along a surface, often in a downward
motion.
Snowfall: snow produced due to the humidity evaporated from a lake.
Spoil: to (cause to) become bad or unfit for use, such as food that does not last long
unless treated with cold
Square: A geometric shape with four equal sides and four right angles.
Statistics: Numerical data or information used for analysis and interpretation.
Statistics: the science that deals with the collection, analysis, and interpretation of
information or data in the form of numbers.
Steadily: In a continuous and unchanging manner.
Storm surge: an abnormal rise in the level of the sea along a coast caused by winds.
Street: a road in a city or town that has buildings that are usually close together along
one or both sides.
Strike: A collective work stoppage organized by workers to demand better conditions.
Structures: Frameworks or organized systems.
Stubborn: unreasonably unwilling to change
Stuff: he material of which anything is made
Summary: A brief and concise statement or account that provides an overview or the
main points of a longer document, text, or discussion. It condenses the essential
information.
Surname: Family name or last name.
Takeaway: Food prepared at a restaurant but intended to be consumed elsewhere, often
as a takeout or delivery option. Describing something that can be taken away or
removed.
Talent: Natural skill or ability in a specific area.
Talkative: Inclined to talk a lot or engage in conversation freely and often
Taste: The sensation of flavor experienced when food or drink is consumed. It can also
refer to personal preferences or the quality of something's flavor. To perceive or sample
the flavor of something.
Theatre: A place where live performances, such as plays, musicals, and films, are
presented to an audience. It can also refer to the art form of creating and producing such
performances.
Themselves: Reflexive pronoun referring to the same subject in a sentence.
Therefore: Used to indicate a logical consequence or conclusion based on the
information or reasoning provided.
These: Demonstrative pronoun used to indicate specific objects or people nearby.
Those: Demonstrative pronoun used to indicate specific objects or people at a distance.
Through: Moving in one side and out of the other, or by means of.
To be able: Having the capacity or capability to do something.
Torchlight: A portable light source typically produced by an open flame.
Town: A human settlement that is smaller than a city but larger than a village. Towns
typically have a local government and urban amenities.
Tuition: The fee charged for instruction at an educational institution.
Twice: Two times; on two occasions.
Unambitious: Lacking in ambition or a strong desire to achieve success, goals, or
advancement.
Understood: Past tense and past participle of the verb "understand." It indicates that
something was comprehended or grasped.
Unemployment: The state of being without a job or work, often accompanied by a
desire and effort to find employment.
Unforeseen: Not anticipated or expected.
Wealth: Abundance of valuable possessions, money, or resources.
Wellbeing: The state of being comfortable, healthy, and happy, both mentally and
physically.
Whereas: Used to contrast two different or opposing ideas or situations.
Whole: Complete or undivided, with all parts or elements present. The entirety or
totality of something.
Wildfires: Uncontrolled fires that spread rapidly through vegetation and natural areas,
often causing extensive damage.
CAUSE – EFFECT CHART MODULE 1
Climate change: impacts on Society
1. What are the potential effects climate change having on the national and global
economy and in other important sectors of society?
Climate change can affect human health, agriculture and food security, water
supply, transport, energy, ecosystems, and other areas, adversely affecting quality of
life and economic stability.
2. How can wildfires, reduced access to water, and diseases have negative impacts on
human life?
Larger and longer wildfires can destroy homes, communities, and ecosystems, as
well as compromise air quality due to smoke.
Reduced access to clean water and water for agricultural irrigation can affect food
production and increase water scarcity.
Diseases transmitted by insects, food and contaminated water can spread more
easily due to changes in climate and environmental conditions.
3. What is an example of an ecosystem that is “exceeding capacity”?
Forest and wetlands that are unable to maintain their buffering and recovery
function in the face of extreme weather events.
4. Do you think longer growing seasons are a negative aspect of climate change in
some regions?
Longer growing seasons can have benefits for agriculture, although with higher
temperatures and elevated carbon dioxide levels, pollen production can be increased
and the allergy season prolonged.
5. What are some examples of how can climate change be positive in certain cases?
Current benefits of warming include longer growing seasons for agriculture and
longer ice-free periods on the great lakers, making navigation easier.
Cause Effect
Climate change Rising global temperatures and altered
weather patterns.
More intensive Wildfires Destruction of ecosystem, deterioration of
air quality, and damage to infrastructure.
Changes in water supply Shortage of water for agricultural, domestic,
and industrial use, affecting food security,
human health, and the economy.
Sea level rise Increased risk of coastal flooding.
Method 2
1. Write who was in the story between 5 or 10 words: Keanu Reeves, Laurence
Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, Hugo Weaving, Joe Pantoliano.
2. Write what happened between 5 or 10 words: Neo discovers the truth, battles
machines, and becomes The One.
3. Write when it happened between 5 or 10 words: Neo's journey unfolds in a
dystopian future reality.
4. Write where it happened in 5 words: In a simulated computer world.
5. Write why it happened in 5 words or 10 words: Humanity enslaved by sentient
machines, rebellion against artificial reality.
6. Write how it happened in 5 words: Neo's awakening, mentorship, and battles.
PODCAST MODULE 2
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nVItT1CnJfDH2N1dSyF4T7H7Dre5BDUn/view?
usp=sharing
TASK 2 WRITING AN ESSAY
Big salary is much more important than job satisfaction.
In today’s world, it is believed that a big salary should be the goal of a person’s career as it
can lead to financial security and a high standard of living. However, I don´t strongly agree
with this concept. Job satisfaction should trump higher pay.
Above all job satisfaction is essential for overall well-being. Spending a significant part of
our lives at work means that our level of job satisfaction has a significant impact on our
happiness and mental health. A big salary can provide temporary comfort but at the cost of
being unhappy at work can lead to long-term stress, anxiety, and physical health problems.
Additionally, job satisfaction often leads to better productivity and professional improve.
Employees who feel satisfied with their work are more motivated and innovative which
benefits both the individual and the organization. People who prioritize job satisfaction
often find greater purpose in their work and lead more balanced and satisfied lives.
Finally, while a higher salary may provide financial security it should not be considered
more important than job satisfaction. Therefore, individuals must find a balance between
financial security and job satisfaction to lead a more satisfying and meaningful life.
TASK 1 WRITING A DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
The diagram compares the spending of two nations on consumer products during the year
2010.
Overall, the UK has a higher expenditure in pounds sterling than France. In both countries
cars were the highest spending goods; some of the most representative consumer goods
were evaluated: cars, computers, books, perfumes, and cameras.
In the UK perfume was the consumer good with the lowest amount spent, at around
£140000. By contrast, in France it was cameras, at around £150,000. These two values
given above are similar, with a difference of approximately 10,000 pounds sterling.
Computers were a similar item of expenditure in both countries, only with a difference of
£25,000, with the cost in France being higher than in the UK. Books, on the other hand,
have a greater difference in cost with an approximate £100,000 difference, with the UK
costing more than France.
The biggest difference in expenditure is on cameras, with a difference of about £200,000. In
the UK, the total sum of the costs is £1700000, compared to the sum in France which is
£1375000.
CORRECT YOUR WRITING SECTION- TASK 1/2 (MIDTERM)
Task 1
The diagram shows data about the attendance at the cinema in the United Kingdom.
In general, we can see a similar trend in each of the lines represented, which refer to
different groups of people. These groups are in proportion to the percentage of each one
who attended the movies every year.
First, there are five years mentioned here, in a period of 20 years in total, with 5 years
between each other. These years also cover two centuries: the last decade of the 20th
century and the first decade of the 21st century. We also have 4 age groups, starting from 14
years-old for the first group, to 54 years-old for the last group. Each group covers an age
range of 10 years: the first group with the youngest people, and the fourth group with the
oldest people.
On the one hand, we see that the young population is at the bottom of the diagram and
therefore we understand that they do not attend much in proportion to the old population.
When people get older, we see that they attend more. Also, we see that the lines of the years
have a similar trend in all the groups. For example, from 1990 to 1995 we see how the line
increases in groups 2 and 4 and is the same in groups 1 and 3, which means that it has a
similar behavior in some population groups.
Additionally, for the year 2000, the line decreases in all groups. In 2005, it increases
significantly in all groups, maybe due to some major events that may happened to people so
that they go to the cinema. In 2010 we also see an increase in the percentage of each group,
but it is not as significant as the previous one.
Task 2
Climate change is a big problem these days, and its impact on the environment depends on
multiple factors. The change is projected in the poles of the earth, in the rivers and even in
the city. Based on the above, I partially disagree. But before I begin to argue my position, I
would like to mention that it is interesting to see how many people believe that the
responsibility for alleviating this phenomenon does not depend so much on corporations
and governments; this would give us to understand that only the actions of ordinary people
are responsible for coping and trying to remedy this problem.
But while it is true that everyday actions can serve as a relief and a show of support to solve
this, this alone is not enough. I disagree with the statement, because the companies are the
ones that produce more pollution and contamination, due to certain industrial processes
they perform, in addition to carrying out large works, if we talk about the oil industry,
which significantly and negatively affect the environment and its nature. Apart from the
fact that many of the policies proposed by government agencies are the ones that have the
greatest impact in trying to alleviate and solve this problem, rather than the individual
actions of each person; therefore, for this problem multiple collective efforts are required.
Although I must say that I do agree on something, and that is that individual actions can be
that grain of sand that each one of us can contribute, because many times the policies and
actions of the companies are insufficient, so here comes the duty of each one of us to ensure
that we do not contribute more to pollution.
In conclusion, the reality is that we must all contribute something to solve this, but it will
not be enough with simple individual and separate actions, but rather it is a collective help,
driven and aided by large companies and government policies.
ADD TWO IMAGES ABOUT YOUR ORAL PRESENTATION RELATED TO THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM.