SSC JE Civil

Concrete Technology
Civil Engineering Capsule
Daily Class Time: 9 PM
03 November
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Civil Engineering Capsule

(Full Revision Series )

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About Me
Shubham Aggarwal

Daily Free Class Time YouTube: 9:00PM & BEP App: 04:00PM

Email Me for Help: Shubham.aggarwal@byjusexamprep.com

Teaching Experience 6+ Years

B.Tech in Civil
Masters in Urban Planning & Development
Qualification
Selected in SSC JE , NBCC JE, NPCC JE
Qualified GATE
Achievements Mentored more than 100,000+ Student

Area of Expertise Civil Engineering

https://t.me/civilbyShubhamsir
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(Civil by Shubham Sir)
SSC JE CE – Concrete Technology
Building Materials Concept (C)
Numerical (N)
▪ Yellow Means High Priority
Cement & Concrete C ▪ White Means Medium Priority
Bricks C ▪ Green Means Average Priority
Timber C
Stones C Concrete Technology Concept (C)
Numerical (N)
Lime C
Types of Concrete C
Bitumen & Tar C
Production of Concrete C
Paints & Varnish C
Workability of Concrete C
Mortar C
Strength of Concrete C
Glass, Tiles C
Plastering, Damproofing C
Pozzolana, Asbestos C
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SSC JE Year-wise Average Questions Analysis

Number of Questions Number of Questions Number of Questions Number of Questions Average Number of
Subjects
(2016) (2018) (2019) (2020) Questions

Building Material 17 16 12 14 14.75

Construction
Management & 10 9.5 10 7.5 9.25
Estimation

SOM & Mechanics 3 5.5 3 4 3.875

Structural Analysis 4 6.5 3 3 4.125
RCC & PSC 9 7 12 10.5 9.625
Steel 5 7 4 3.5 4.875
Geotech 9 7 9 11 9
Transportation 9 9.5 11 7.5 9.25
Survey 9 9 9 11.5 9.625
Hydrology & Irrigation 9 7.5 10 10 9.125
Fluid Mechanics 9 6 6 9 7.5
Environmental 8 9.5 11 8.5 9.25
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Index – Concrete (Topics Covering)

Types of Concrete

Production of Concrete

Water –Cement Ratio

Workability of Concrete

Strength of Concrete
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Concrete
In a building construction, concrete is used for the
construction of foundations, columns, beams, slabs and
other load bearing elements.
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Ingredients of Concrete
Ingredient
Cement
Fine Aggregate
Coarse Aggregate
Water
****Admixtures****
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Concrete
In a concrete mix, cement and water form a paste or matrix
which in addition to filling the voids of the fine aggregate, coats
the surface of fine and coarse aggregates and binds them
together.
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Concrete
• Freshly mixed concrete before set is known as Wet or Green
Concrete.
• Concrete after setting and hardening it is known as Set or
Hardened Concrete.
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Classification of Concrete
Based on Cementing Material

Based on Perspective Specification

Based on Performance

Based on Performance

Based on Bulk Density

Based on Place of Casting

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Based on Cementing Material

Concrete are classified as:
1. Cement Concrete
2. Lime Concrete
3. Gypsum Concrete
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Based on Perspective Specification

The cement concrete is specified by proportions of different ingredients :

Cement + Fine Aggregate + Coarse Aggregate + Water = Concrete

It is presumed that by adhering to such perspective specifications satisfactory

performance may be achieved.
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Based on Perspective Specification

The cement concrete is specified by proportions of different ingredients:

This type pf mix is termed as Grade Mix Proportion Strength

NOMINAL MIX M10 1:3:6 10

M15 1:2:4 15
IS 456: 2000 M20 1 : 1.5 : 3 20
Recommends upto M20
M25 1:1:2 25
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Based on Performance Oriented

Specifications
Design Mix Concrete is one in which the concrete properties such as
1. Strength
2. Water-Cement Ratio
3. Compaction Factor
4. Slump, etc. are specified.
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Based on Performance Oriented

Specifications
Design Mix is designed to produce the Grade of Concrete having the
required
1. Workability
2. Characteristic Strength
not less than the appropriate values as specified
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Based on Grade of Cement Concrete

Depending upon the strength (N/mm2 ) of concrete cubes (150 mm
side) at 28 days :

Low Strength Concrete : <20 N/mm2

Medium Strength Concrete : (20 – 40) N/mm2
High Strength Concrete : > 40 N/mm2
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Based on Bulk Density

On the Basis of Density, Concrete is Classified as :

Super Heavy Concrete : > 2500 kg/m3

Dense Concrete : (1800 – 2500) kg/m3
Light Weight Concrete : (500 – 1800) kg/m3
Extra Light Weight Concrete : < 500kg/m3
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Based on Place of Casting

On the Basis of Casting, Concrete is Classified as :

• In-Situ Concrete : Concrete is made and placed in position at the site.

• Precast Concrete : Pre-fabricated units in a factory.

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Production in Concrete
A good quality concrete is essentially a homogeneous mixture of cement,
coarse and fine aggregates and water which consolidates into a hard mass
due to chemical action between the cement and water.

Binder Fill voids b/w Filler For

Cement Paste
& Coarse Hydration
Aggregate
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Production in Concrete
The aim of quality control is to ensure the production of concrete of
uniform strength from batch to batch.

The stages of concrete production are:

1. Batching
2. Mixing
3. Transporting
4. Placing
5. Compacting
6. Curing
7. Finishing
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Production in Concrete
1. Batching of Concrete
• For good quality concrete a proper and accurate quantity of all the
ingredients should be used.

Material Accuracy Per Batch

Cement ± 3%

Aggregate ± 3%

Water ± 3%

Admixture ± 5%
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Production in Concrete
1. Batching of Concrete
• Their two Methods :
1. Volume Batching
• It is used for Small Works.
• Sand in m3
• Cement in Weight

2. Weight Batching
• It is used for Large Works
• Sand in Weight
• Cement in Weight
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Production in Concrete
2. Mixing of Concrete
• Objective : Homogeneous & Uniform Colour & Consistency.
• All Aggregates should be coated with Cement Paste.

• Mixing Can be done by:

1. Hand Mixing
2. Machine Mixing
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Production in Concrete
2. Mixing of Concrete
1. Hand Mixing
• It is used for Small Quantity Works.
• Done over Impervious Floor
• 10% extra cement is added.
• Dry mixture is made with cement & aggregate
• Water is added to Dry mixture.
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Production in Concrete
2. Mixing of Concrete
2. Machine Mixing
• It is used for Large Quantity Works.
• Carried out with help of mixture machines.
• They are of two types :
• Batch Mixers : Production is batch by batch (Medium Size Works)
• Continuous Mixtures: Produce concrete continuously till plant is
working (Large Size Works)
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Production in Concrete
3. Transportation of Concrete
• There are different method of transportation of concrete :
1. Mortar Pan
2. Wheel Barrow
3. Chutes
4. Dumper
5. Bucket & Rope way
6. Belt Conveyor
7. Skip & Hoist Method
8. Pumping
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Production in Concrete
3. Transportation of Concrete

Mortar Pan
• Used for Small Quantity Works.
• Leads to Evaporation of Water.
• Concrete can be transported below or above or
at ground level.
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Production in Concrete
3. Transportation of Concrete

Wheel Barrow
• Used for Small Quantity Works.
• Capacity is approx. 35litres(80kg)
• Concrete can be transported at ground level.
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Production in Concrete
3. Transportation of Concrete

Chutes
• Used when lack of space.
• Concrete can be transported below ground level.
• They are made with metal sheets with a slope of
1V : 2.5H
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Production in Concrete
3. Transportation of Concrete

Dumper
• Used for Long Distances upto 5km.
• Capacity : 2-3 m3.
• Concrete can be transported below ground level.
• Agitators are used to prevent segregation.
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Production in Concrete
3. Transportation of Concrete

Bucket & Ropeway

• Used When concrete work is on large site like
dams.
• Concrete can be transported above ground level.
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Production in Concrete
3. Transportation of Concrete

Belt Conveyor
• Rarely used
• Chances of Segregation due to steep slope.
• Stiffening of concrete.
• Concrete Has to be remixed at the time of
placing.
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Production in Concrete
3. Transportation of Concrete

Skip & Hoist

• Very Useful in Multistorey Buildings
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Production in Concrete
3. Transportation of Concrete

Pumping of Concrete
• Very Useful in Multistorey Buildings, Bridges,
Tunnels.
• Pipe of Dia : (80 – 200) mm
• Horizontal Pumping : 400m
• Vertical Pumping : 80m
• Slump Should be 50 – 100mm
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Production in Concrete
4. Placing of Concrete
• To achieve Good Quality Concrete, it should be placed with care
securing :
a) The Homogeneity achieved during Mixing
b) The Avoidance of Segregation in Transporting

Delay Allowed: Mix Time

Dry Mix in Hot 30 – 60 Minutes

Weather
Wet Mix in Cold Several Hours
Weather
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Production in Concrete
4. Placing of Concrete
• To achieve Good Quality Concrete, it should be placed with care
securing :
a) The Homogeneity achieved during Mixing
b) The Avoidance of Segregation in Transporting

Type Thickness of Layer

Beam, Column, Slab 150 – 300 mm
Mass Concreting 350 – 450 mm
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Production in Concrete
5. Compaction of Concrete
• Strength & Durability of Concrete widely depends on Degree
of compaction.
• Compaction of the concrete is the process Which helps in
1. Getting Rid of the Entrapped Air Voids
2. Elimination of Segregation occurred
3. Helps to form a homogeneous Dense Mass.
Void Reduction in Strength
• It has been found that :
5% 30%
10% 50%
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Production in Concrete
6. Curing of Concrete
• For Strength & Durable Concrete, Curing is required.
• Cement gains strength and hardness because of the chemical action between
cement and water.
• This chemical reaction requires
1. Moisture
2. Favorable Temperature
3. Time referred to as the curing period.

Curing should be done for at-least 3 weeks, not less than 10 days.
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Production in Concrete
6. Curing of Concrete
• There are many methods of curing :
1. Water Curing
2. Membrane Curing
3. Steam Curing
4. Infrared Radiation Method
5. Electrical Curing
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Production in Concrete
6. Curing of Concrete

Water Curing of Concrete

• Immersion : Used for Pre-Fabricated Blocks
• Ponding : Roof Slab
• Water Spray : Plastered Walls
• Wet Covering (Jute Bag, Gunny Bag) : Beams
, Columns
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Production in Concrete
6. Curing of Concrete

Membrane Curing of Concrete

• When Shortage of Water .
• Reduces Loss of Water.
• Ex: Water Proof Paper, Polythene Sheets, etc.
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Production in Concrete
6. Curing of Concrete

Steam Curing of Concrete

• Maximum Tempurature 175 degree.
• Strength gained in 3 days is comparable to Normal Concrete
Strength in 28 days.
• Pre-Fabricated Construction Work.
• Ex: Railway Sleepers.
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Production in Concrete
6. Curing of Concrete

Infrared Curing of Concrete

• Tempurature 90 degree.
• Strength gained is more than steam curing.
• Ex: Soild Blocks, Hollow Blocks.
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Production in Concrete
6. Curing of Concrete

Electrical Curing of Concrete

• Voltage (30 - 60) Volt at AC Current
• Rarely Used because very Expensive.
• Strength gained in 3 days is comparable to Normal Concrete
Strength in 28 days.
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Production in Concrete
7. Finishing of Concrete
• It is done to give a better appearance to concrete surface.
• Concrete is basically used because of its high compressive strength but the
Appearance in not that uniform , to make uniform, finishing is done.
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Water-Cement Ratio
• The water-cement ratio (w/c) is one of the major factors but not
the only one influencing the strength of concrete.

• For complete hydration of cement under controlled conditions

the water requirement is about 38 per cent.
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Water-Cement Ratio
• For Proper Workability : w/c Ratio – ( 0.4 – 0.6)
• Maximum Strength at w/c Ratio = 0.4 (minimum capillary
cavities)

• When w/c Ratio < 0.4 than :

1. Improper Consistency
2. Workability of Cement
3. Honeycombed structure is obtained.
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Water-Cement Ratio
• Concrete Compacted by vibrator displays
higher strength even at lower water cement
ratio (w/c ratio = 0.3)

• When w/c Ratio > 0.6 than :

1. Porosity Increases
2. Strength Decreases
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Water-Cement Ratio
Final NOTE:
Lesser Water Cement Ratio
More Strength (Chances of Segregation)

High Water Cement Ratio

Less Strength (Chances of Bleeding)
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Duff Abhram’s Law

• According to Abrahm’s law it is evident that strength of
concrete depends only upon w/c ratio provided the mix is
workable.

NOTE:
Strength at any w/c ratio is a function of following:
1. Degree of hydration of cement, its physical and chemical
properties.
2. Temperature at which hydration takes place.
3. Air content in case of air entrained concrete.
4. Change in the w/c ratio.
5. Formation of cracks due to bleeding and shrinkage.
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Gel-Space Ratio (X)

• Gel-space ratio is defined as the ratio of volume
of hydrated cement paste to the sum of the
volumes of the hydrated cement and that of the
capillary pores.

• Power and Brownyard established a

relationship between the strength and gel-
space ratio.

3
S = 240X
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Gel-Space Ratio (X)

• Gel-space ratio is defined as the ratio of volume
of hydrated
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Strength of Concrete
• The most useful property of concrete is its
compressive strength. However, it is weak in tension.

• For Quality Control of concrete, test play an

important role as it helps :
1. To achieve higher efficiency of the materials
2. Greater Assurance of the performance of the
concrete
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Strength of Concrete

• Cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate (up to 38

mm) to be used for making concrete
• Room Temperature : 27± 2°C
• Humidity : 90%
• The cement and sand are mixed thoroughly till a uniform
colour is achieved.
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Strength of Concrete
• The coarse aggregate are then added and mixed till
these are distributed uniformly throughout the mix.

• The water is then added and the entire batch mixed

untill the concrete appears to be homogeneous and
has the desired consistency.

• The test specimens recommended are 150 × 150

× 150 mm cubes or cylinders of 150 mm diameter
and 300 mm height.

• The mixed concrete is filled into the moulds in layers of 50

mm to achieve full compaction.
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Strength of Concrete
• Each layer of mix so placed is tamped with bar, 16
mm in diameter and 600 mm long, 35 times or with
a vibrator.

• After this period the specimens are removed from

the moulds and placed in water and kept there until
taken out just prior to test.

• Normally, the recognized age of test of specimens is

7 and 28 days.
• At least three specimens, preferably from different
batches, are tested at each selected age.
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Strength of Concrete
• The compression testing machine should be able to
apply gradual load of 14 N/mm2/minute.

• Until the specimen is crushed.

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Strength of Concrete
• The average of the three values is taken as the
compressive strength of concrete of the batch,
provided the individual variation is not more
than ±15% of the average.
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NOTE : Strength of Concrete

If size of cube is decreased the compressive strength tends
to increase.

Cube Size (mm) 100 150 200

Relative Strength to 1.05 1 0.95

150mm cubes
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Strength of Concrete
Briquette Test (direct Method)
Split Tensile Strength Test (Indirect Method)

Split Tensile Strength Test

• Length = 300mm
• Diameter = 150mm
•
• The advantage of this test is that it provides tensile
strength as well as compressive strength of concrete.
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Strength of Concrete
Split Tensile Strength Test (IS 5816)

• Load Application Rate : 2.0 N/mm2/minute till

failure.
•
• The specimen fails finally by splitting along the
loaded diameter. The maximum load applied is
recorded.
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Strength of Concrete
Split Tensile Strength Test (IS 5816)

• The splitting tensile strength is given by

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Strength of Concrete
Split Tensile Strength Test (IS 5816)

• The splitting tensile strength is given by

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Strength of Concrete
Non-Destructive Test
Quality Velocity (km/sec)
1. Rebound Hammer Test
Excellent > 4.5
2. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test
Good 3.5 – 4.5
Medium 3.0 – 3.5
Doubtful < 3.0
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Workability of Concrete
• Fresh concrete : concrete in the plastic state, which can
be molded into desired shape, Theoretical w/c Ratio : 0.4
(for maximum strength)
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Workability of Concrete
• Factors Influencing Workability
• A workable concrete exhibits very little internal friction
between the particles.

• The Factors are:

1. Water Content
2. Mix Proportion
3. Aggregate Size
4. Shape of Aggregate
5. Surface Texture
6. Grading of Aggregates
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Workability of Concrete
Factors Influencing Workability
1. Water Content
The fluidity of concrete increases with water content.
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Workability of Concrete
Factors Influencing Workability
2. Mix Proportion
• Aggregate-cement ratio influences the
workability to a large extent.
• The higher the A/C Ratio, Leaner will be the
Concrete.
• Leaner the Concrete, Lesser the Workability.
• Hence, Higher A/C Ratio, Lesser Workability.
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Workability of Concrete
Factors Influencing Workability
3. Aggregate Size
• Big Size Aggregate : Less Paste Required (High Workability)
• Small Size Aggregate : More Paste Required (Low Workability)
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Workability of Concrete
Factors Influencing Workability
4. Shape of Aggregate

• Rounded Aggregates are more workable than Flaky ,

Angular Aggregates.
• River Gravel is more workable than crushed Gravel.
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Workability of Concrete
Factors Influencing Workability
5. Surface Texture

• Rough Texture : Less Workable

• Smooth Texture : More Workable
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Workability of Concrete
Factors Influencing Workability
6. Grading of Aggregates

• Well Graded Aggregates are more workable.

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Workability of Concrete
• Methods to Find Worability :
1. Slump Test
2. Compaction Factor Test
3. Vee-Bee Test
4. Flow Table Test
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Workability of Concrete
Slump Test
• Nominal Maximum Size of the aggregate does not
exceed 38 mm.

• The Mould used for the Test Specimen:

Internal dimensions of the mould:
• Bottom Diameter =200 mm
• Top Diameter = 100 mm
• Height = 300 mm.
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Workability of Concrete
Slump Test
• The mould is filled in with fresh concrete in four layers
• Tamped = 25 times / Layer

• After the top layer has been rodded, Surface is levelled

with trowel.
• The mould is removed immediately by raising it slowly
and carefully in a vertical direction.
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Workability of Concrete
Slump Test
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Slump Test

Degree of Slump(m
Consistency Uses
Workability m.)
1. Extremely
Moist earth 0 Precast Paving Slabs
low
2. Very low Very Dry 0-25 Roads Construction
3. Low
Dry 25-50 Mass Concrete

4. Medium
Plastic 50-100 Flat Slab , Column

5. High
Semi – fluid 100-175 Trench fill
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Workability of Concrete
Compaction Factor Test
• This test is more precise and sensitive than the slump
test.
• Suitable for : ( Low – Medium )
• Not Suitable : For Concrete of very low workability < 0.7
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Compaction Factor Test
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Compaction Factor Test

Degree of
Consistency Slump(mm.) C.F. Uses
Workability
1. Extremely low Precast Paving
Moist earth 0 0.65-0.7
Slabs
2. Very low Very Dry 0-25 0.7-0.8 Roads Construction
3. Low
Dry 25-50 0.8-0.85 Mass Concrete

4. Medium
Plastic 50-100 0.85-0.95 Flat Slab , Column

5. High
Semi – fluid 100-175 0.95-1 Trench fill
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Workability of Concrete
Vee-Bee Test
The test determines the time required for transforming,
by vibration, a concrete specimen in the shape of a
conical frustum into a cylinder.

This test is usually performed on dry concrete, and it is

not suitable for very wet concrete.

Time Required to Transform Cone into Cylinder is

calibrated in form of Workability.
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Vee - Bee Test

Degree of
Consistency Slump(mm.) C.F. Vee-Bee Uses
Workability
Extremely low Precast Paving
Moist earth 0 0.65-0.7 ➢ 20
Slabs
Very low Very Dry 0-25 0.7-0.8 12 – 20 Roads Construction
Low
Dry 25-50 0.8-0.85 6 – 12 Mass Concrete

Medium
Plastic 50-100 0.85-0.95 3–6 Flat Slab , Column

High
Semi – fluid 100-175 0.95-1 0-3 Trench fill
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Workability of Concrete
Flow Table Test (Very High Workability)
This is a laboratory test which gives an indication of the
quality of concrete with respect to consistency,
cohesiveness and the proneness to segregation.

The spread or the flow of the concrete is measured and

this flow is related to workability.
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Workability of Concrete
Flow Table Test

Filling : in 2 Layers
Lift & Drop : 12.5mm , 15 times in 15 sec
Measure : Diameter in atleast 8 Directions
Range : ( 0 - 150) %
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Q1. Arrange the Compounds according to Cementeous

properties in decreasing order
a) Belite > Celite > Aelite > Felite
b) Aelite > Belite > Celite > Felite
c) Felite > Celite > Aelite > Belite
d) Aelite > Belite > Felite > Celite

Answer: B

Self Designed

Mentor: Shubham Aggarwal

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Q2. Higher Percentage of Lime and Silica results in increased

percentage of Strength with
a) Unsoundness in cement
b) Increased setting time of the cement
c) Decreased Setting time of the cement
d) Weaking the Cement

Answer: B

Self Designed

Mentor: Shubham Aggarwal

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Q3. In Manufacturing of White cement, the amount of

iron oxide is limited to
a) 1%
b) 2%
c) 3%
d) 5%

Answer: A

Self Designed

Mentor: Shubham Aggarwal

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Q4. Whiteness of Cement(ISI Scale) should not be less than

a) 30%
b) 50%
c) 70%
d) 90%

Answer: C

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Q5. What Percentage of water repellant film forming substances are

added in hydrophoic cement ?
a) 0.3% of Calcium Chloride
b) 0.5% of Staric Acid
c) 0.2% of Oelic Acid
d) All of these

Answer: C

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Mentor: Shubham Aggarwal

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Q6. The compressive strength of ordinary Portland cement after 3

days should not be less than:
(a) 50 kg/cm2
(b) 100 kg/cm2
(c) 115 kg/cm2
(d) 150 kg/cm2

Answer: D

Mentor: Shubham Aggarwal

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Q7. MM 1.5 means:

a) Masonry Mortar of cement content 1.5 bags
b) Mild Mortar of cement content 1.5 bags
c) Masonry Mortar of compressive strength
1.5N/mm2.
d) Mild Mortar of compressive strength 1.5N/mm2.

Answer: C

Mentor: Shubham Aggarwal

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Q8. Light weight mortar is prepared by using:

a) Lime
Wood chips, powder or sawdust is added to lime or
b) Surkhi cement and mixed with water.

c) Wood chips This results in lightweight mortar. It is used in heat and

d) Flyash sound proof construction.

Answer: C
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Q9. The bulk density of X-ray shielding mortar is:

a) 6-12 kN/m3
b) 5 kN/m3 and above X-ray shielding mortar is prepared using heavy rocks and
suitable admixtures.
c) 22 kN/m3 and above
d) 10-20 kN/m3 It’s aheavy mortar with bulk density above 22 kN/m3.

Answer: C
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Q10. The bricks prepared by dipping mould in water

every time are known as
a) Plastic Clay Bricks
b) Earthern Bricks
c) Slope Moulded Bricks
d) Water Dopped Bricks

Answer: C
Self Designed
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Q11. _____ is adopted to prepare small quantities of

lime mortar.
a) Grinding There are two methods to prepare lime mortar
1. Pounding
b) Grilling 2. Grinding.

c) Pounding Pounding is adopted to prepare small quantities of lime

mortar
d) Digging Grinding is adopted to prepare large quantities of lime
mortar.
Answer: C

Self Designed

Mentor: Shubham Aggarwal

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Q12. Which of the following statements are CORRECT with UPSSSC JE 2022
respect to Reinforced brickwork, according to the IS
10440 (1983) : Code of practice for construction of RB
and RBC floors and roofs.
a. All bricks shall be thoroughly saturated by submerging
them in clear water for at least four hours before use
b. The formwork for the RB and RBC floor or roof shall
NOT be removed before 14 days after laying
c. The mortar shall be a mix of 1: 1,1 part of fresh
Portland cement to 1 parts of coarse sand d. The rods
should be kept in touch with bricks
A. a & b only
B. a & c only
C. b & c only
D. a & d only
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Answer: B

Mentor: Shubham Aggarwal

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Q12. Which of the following statements are CORRECT with UPSSSC JE 2022
respect to Reinforced brickwork, according to the IS
10440 (1983) : Code of practice for construction of RB
and RBC floors and roofs.
a. All bricks shall be thoroughly saturated by submerging
them in clear water for at least four hours before use
b. The formwork for the RB and RBC floor or roof shall
NOT be removed before 14 days after laying
c. The mortar shall be a mix of 1: 1, 1 part of fresh
Portland cement to 1 parts of coarse sand.
A. a & b only
B. a & c only
Answer: A
C. b & c only
D. a & d only
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13. According to IS 8041-1990. the minimum specific surface area

elvauated by Blaine’s air permeability method and
unsoundness for Masonary cement is:

A. 15 Characteristic Requirement
B. 1 Fineness (Wet Seving) 15
, Max
C. 150 Autoclave Expansion, 1%
D. 225 Max

Answer: B
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14. According to IS: 654-1962, the maximum water

absorption percentage of Class A type Mangalore
pattern tiles is:
A. 18%
B. 25%
C. 20%
D. 35%
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14. According to IS: 654-1962, the maximum water

absorption percentage of Class A type Mangalore
pattern tiles is:
A. 18% Tile Class Water Absorption
B. 25% (Max.)

C. 20% A 20

D. 35% AA 18

Answer: C
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17. According to IS: 654-1962, the average weight(kg)

of tiles when dried at 105︒C shall range
between
A. 1 - 2 kg
B. 2 - 3 kg
C. 3 - 4 kg
D. 4 - 5 kg

Answer: B
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18. According to IS:5515, the distance between the

bottom of the lower hopper and the top of the
cylinder in the Compacting Factor Apparatus is:
A. 20.0 cm
B. 22.9 cm
C. 12.7 cm
D. 25.4 cm
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18. According to IS:5515, the distance between the

bottom of the lower hopper and the top of the
cylinder in the Compacting Factor Apparatus is:
A. 20.0 cm
B. 22.9 cm
C. 12.7 cm
D. 25.4 cm
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18. According to IS:5515, the distance between the

bottom of the lower hopper and the top of the
cylinder in the Compacting Factor Apparatus is:
A. 20.0 cm
B. 22.9 cm
C. 12.7 cm
D. 25.4 cm

Answer: A
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19. According to IS:5515, the apparatus and accessories

used for determining the compacting factor of fresh
concrete with nominal maximum aggregate size not
exceeding
A. 2 cm
B. 3 cm
C. 4 cm
D. 5 cm

Answer: C
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20. The timber extracted from felled trees is classified

based on the position of the tree as per IS 399
belongs to:
A. standing timber
B. living timber
C. dead timber
D. rough timber

Answer: D
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21. The timber extracted from felled trees is classified

as valuable timber based on the availability of
the tree as per IS 399 belongs to:
A. X Class Timber
B. Y Class Timber Class Availability (per Year)

C. Z Class Timber X Most Common (more than 1415m3 per

D. Data Invalid year)

Y Common (335m3 - 1415m3 per year)

Answer: D Z Less Common (less than 355m3 per year)

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22. According to IS 2180:1988, what is the minimum

bulk density of heavy duty burnt clay bricks?
A. 2.5 g/cm3
B. 4.5 g/cm3
C. 8.5 g/cm3
D. 7.5 g/cm3

Answer: A
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23. According to IS 2180:1988, what is the maximum

water content allowed in heavy duty burnt clay
bricks as per 5 hour boiling test?
A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 15%
D. 20%

Answer: C
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IS 2180 : Heavy Duty Bricks

They are Also Known as “Engineering Bricks” and are generally required for
masonary work in Heavy Engineering Works such as
1. Bridge Structures
2. Industrial Foundations
3. Multi-Storyed Buildings

Classification of Heavy Duty Bricks

Class Designation Strength (not less than

in N/mm2 )
40 40.0
45 45.0
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IS 2180 : Heavy Duty Bricks

Water Absorption
Test Water
Absorption
Effloresence
24 Hours Test Not > 10%
Effloresence
5 Hours Not > 15%
Boiling Test NIL

Note : The Density of bricks shall not be less than 2.5g/cm3.

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24. What is the conveyor system used for transporting

loose materials like soil, ores, coal, concrete, etc.
without the need for full total enclosure?
A. Screw conveyor
B. Bucket conveyor
C. Belt conveyor
D. Roller conveyor

Answer: C
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25. What is the name of ash, as per IS 3812 (Par 1) :

2013, which is prepared from fly ash or bottom
ash or both mixed in any proportion and
conveyed or carried in wet form and deposited ?
A. Pulverized fuel ash
B. Mound ash
C. Pond ash
D. Calcareous fly ash
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25. What is the name of ash, as per IS 3812 (Par 1) :

2013, which is prepared from fly ash or bottom
ash or both mixed in any proportion and
conveyed or carried in wet form and deposited ?
A. Pulverized fuel ash
B. Mound ash
C. Pond ash
D. Calcareous fly ash

Answer: C
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26. The minimum stripping time of soffit formwork to

slabs (props to be reflexed immediately after
removal of formwork) is:
A. 21 days
B. 14 days
C. 7 days
D. 3 days
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Type of form work Form work removal time

Sides of walls, column & 24 to 48 hrs

vertical faces of
structural member
Slabs (prop left under) 3 days

Beam soffits (prop left 7 days

under)
Removal of props of slab
→Spanning upto 4.5 m
→Spanning over 4.5 m 7 days
14 days
Removal of props for
beam
→Spanning upto 6 m 14 days
→Spanning over 6 m 21 days
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26. The minimum stripping time of soffit formwork to

slabs (props to be reflexed immediately after
removal of formwork) is:
A. 21 days
B. 14 days
C. 7 days
D. 3 days

Answer: D
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27. What is the standard size of wood specimen for

testing durability
A. 500 × 50 × 50 IS Code 3629
B. 650 × 50 × 50 Durability of various species in their heartwood is
based on the ‘Grave Yard’ tests carried out in the
C. 38 × 38 × 305 open in which test specimens of sizes
D. 600 × 60 × 60 1. (50 x 50 x 600) mm
2. or (38 x 38 x 305) mm
of untreated heartwood were buried in the ground
Answer: C to half their length.
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28. Match List-I (Grade of cement & Age) with List II

(Compressive strength in N/mm2) and select the correct
answer using the code given below the lists :
List I List II
A. Grade 33 (7 days) 1. 27
B. Grade 43 (28 days) 2. 43
C. Grade 53 (3 days) 3. 22
D. Grade 43 (7 days) 4. 33
Code:
A B C D
A. 4 2 1 3
B. 3 2 1 4
C. 4 1 2 3
D. 3 1 2 4
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Characteristic OPC 33 OPC 43 OPC 53

Minnimum Compressive Strength

3 Day 16MPa 23MPa 27MPa
7 Day 22MPa 33MPa 37MPa
28 Day 33MPa 43MPa 53MPa
Maximum Compressive Strength
28 Day 48MPa 58MPa ------
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28. Match List-I (Grade of cement & Age) with List II

(Compressive strength in N/mm2) and select the correct
answer using the code given below the lists :
List I List II
A. Grade 33 (7 days) 1. 27
B. Grade 43 (28 days) 2. 43
C. Grade 53 (3 days) 3. 22
D. Grade 43 (7 days) 4. 33
Code:
A B C D
A. 4 2 1 3
B. 3 2 1 4
C. 4 1 2 3
Answer: B
D. 3 1 2 4
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29. Consider the following statements:

1. Hydrophobic cement grains possesses low wetting ability
2. Rapid-hardening cement is useful in concreting under
static, or running water
3. Quick-setting cement helps concrete to attain high strength
in the initial period
4. White cement is just a variety of ordinary cement free of
colouring oxides.
Which of the above statements are correct?
A. 1 and 4 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 4 only
D. 2 and 3 only

Answer: A
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30. Match List-l (Vibrators) with Lisț-ll (Applications) and select the correct
answer
List I List II
A. Vibrating tables 1. For thin tunnel linings
B. Screed vibrators 2. For mass concrete work
C. Internal vibrators 3. For precasting concrete members
D. Form vibrators 4. for thin slabs, pavements and floors
Codes:
A B C D
A. 3 1 2 4
B. 2 4 3 1
C. 3 4 2 1
D. 2 1 3 4
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List I List II
A. Vibrating tables 1. For thin tunnel linings
B. Screed vibrators 2. For mass concrete work
C. Internal vibrators 3. For precasting concrete members
D. Form vibrators 4. for thin slabs, pavements and floors
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30. Match List-l (Vibrators) with Lisț-ll (Applications) and select the correct
answer
List I List II
A. Vibrating tables 1. For thin tunnel linings
B. Screed vibrators 2. For mass concrete work
C. Internal vibrators 3. For precasting concrete members
D. Form vibrators 4. for thin slabs, pavements and floors
Codes:
A B C D
A. 3 1 2 4
B. 2 4 3 1
C. 3 4 2 1
D. 2 1 3 4 Answer: C
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31. Which one of the following methods/techniques

will be used for placing of concrete in dewatered
'Caissons or Coffer' dams?
A. Tremie method
B. Placing in bags
C. Prepacked concrete
D. In-the-dry practice

Answer: D
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32. Consider the following statements regarding refractory bricks in

furnaces:
1. The furnace is fired at temperatures more than 1700°C.
2. Silica content in the soil should be less than 40 %.
3. Water absorption of bricks should not exceed 10 %
4. Chrome bricks are known as basic bricks.
Which of the above statements are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 4 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 3 and 4 only Answer: C
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33. The compressive strength of a standard good 1:3

portland cement-sand mortar after 3 days of
curing should not be less than
A. 70 kg/cm2
B. 115 kg/cm2 Characteristic OPC 33
C. 175 kg/cm2 Minnimum Compressive Strength
D. 210 kg/cm2 3 Day 16MPa
7 Day 22MPa
28 Day 33MPa
Answer: C
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34. Which one of the following is employed to

determine strength of hardened existing concrete
structure?
A. Bullet test
B. Kelly ball test
C. Rebound hammer test
D. Cone penetrometer

Answer: C
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35. A solution applied to the remaining part of the

timber after removing the dry rot part of the timber is
a) Calcium Sulphate
b) Magnesium chloride
c) Copper Sulphate
d) Aluminnium Nitrate

Answer: C

Self Designed
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36. Bitumen used to fill cracks in masonary structures

for stopping leakages are
a) Bitumen Emulsion
b) Blown Bitumen It consists of bitumen, thinner and a suitable inert filler.
c) Cut-Back Bitumen The amount of inert filler is about 40 to 45 per cent.
d) Plastic Bitumen
It is used for filling cracks in masonry structures, for
stopping leakage, etc.

Answer: D

Self Designed
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37: Specific Gravity of Bitumen and Tar is

a) 1.02, 1.08
b) 0.88, 1.06 Bitumen Tar
Wood and Coal by
c) 1.92, 1.06 Fractional distillation
destructive
d) 0.88, 1.08 of petroleum.
distillation.
It is soluble in CS2 and It is soluble in
CCl4 toluene
It is more resistant to It has less water
Answer: A
water resistant.
Self Designed It has less temperature It is more susceptible
susceptibility. to temperature.
1.02-1.04 1.08-1.16
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38. Which of the following is not a method of

manufacturing of steel?
A. L.D. Process The prominent steel-making processes are:
B. Simplex process 1. Bessemer process
2. Cementation process
C. Crucible process 3. Crucible process
D. Duplex process 4. Open Hearth process
5. Electric Smelting process
6. Duplex process
Answer: B 7. Lintz and Donawitz (L.D.) process

Mentor: Shubham Aggarwal

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39. Consider the following statements :

Cement mortars richer than 1: 3 are not used in
masonry work because.
1. There is no gain in strength of masonry
2. There is high shrinkage.
3. They are prone to segregation.
Which of these statements are correct?
A. 1,2 and 3
Answer: B
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1 and 3 only
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40. The permissible of allowable compressive stress

fac of brick masonry does not depend on
A. Type of strength of bricks
B. Efflorescence of bricks
C. Strength of mortar
D. Slenderness ratio

Answer: B
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41. Consider the following test :

1. Transverse strength test
2. Water Absorption test
3. Impact test
4. Breaking strength test
Which of the above are relevant to testing of
tiles?
A. 1, 2 and 3 only Answer: D
B. 1,2 and 4 only
C. 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
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42. The modulus of rupture of hydraulic lime mortar

(28 days curing) should NOT be less than
A. 1 N/mm2
B. 2 N/mm2
C. 2.5 N/mm2
D. 3.0 N/mm2

Answer: A
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43. A gauged mortar is obtained by adding which of

the following ingredient(s) to cement?
A. Sand alone
B. Sand and Surkhi
C. Sand and lime
D. Surkhi alone

Answer: C
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44. The maximum permissible slenderness ratio for

masonry walls is
A. 40
B. 30
C. 27
D. 10

Answer: C
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45. When the corner of a brick is removed along the

line joining mid-points of adjoining sides, the
portion left is called
A. Closer
B. Squint brick
C. Queen closer
D. King closer

Answer: D
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46. All the ingredient before testing the

ingredients and concrete should brought to
room temperature, which is probably -
A. 27 ± 5ºC
B. 27 ± 2ºC
C. 27 ± 4ºC
D. 27 ± 3ºC
Answer: B Civil ESIC JE 2019
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47. As per IS 456 – 2000, generally to test the

specifies compressive strength of concrete
the standard size of the cube of concrete
taken is approximately
A. 300 mm
B. 250 mm
C. 150 mm
D. 100 mm
Answer: C BSPHCL JE
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48. Asphalt concrete is a mix comprising of -

Filler Material
A. Fine aggregate, mineral filler and bitumen
Fly Ash
B. Fine aggregate and bitumen
Slag
C. Coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, mineral
filler and bitumen Saw Dust
D. Coarse aggregate, mineral filler and bitumen
Rajasthan PSC 2018
Answer: C
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49. The property of the ingredients to separate

from each other while placing the concrete
is called. -
Reasons of Seggregation
A. Segregation
Over Vibration
B. Compaction
Low W/C Ratio
C. Shrinkage
D. Bulking
Answer: A Rajasthan PSC 2018
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50. Minimum number of cubes required for

testing of compressive strength of concrete
A. 1 Concrete Test
B. 2 3 Samples
C. 3 150mm Cubes
D. 6 90% Humidity

NBCC JE 2018
Answer: C
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51. The grade of concrete M 20 means that

compressive strength of a 15 cm cube after
28 days curing, is
A. 20 kg/cm2
B. 20 kg/m2
C. 20 N/mm2
D. 20 KN/m2
NBCC JE 2018
Answer: C
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52. Concrete having unit weight lower than

Light Weight Concrete
ordinary concrete is termed as
Density: (500 – 1800)kg/m3
A. fiber concrete
Aerated Concrete, NO Fines Concrete
B. light weight concrete Sound & Fire Insulation Works
C. air entrained concrete Light Wt. Aggregate : Pumice, Shale, etc
D. polymer concrete
SSC JE
Answer: B
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53. Bacterial concrete is a concrete, which -

Self Healing Concrete
A. has ability to self heal the crack Good Strength
B. used in polluted environment Good Stiffness
C. used in marine environment Thin Crack Healing Capacity
D. get affected from bacteria
DMRC JE

Answer: A
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54. ___________ is added to make white

Metakaolin
concrete.
Alumino-Silicate Based Material
A. Fly ash
Helps Increases Strength, Durability &
B. Metakaolin Density of Concrete
C. Rise husk Imparts White Colour to it

D. Pigments
SSC JE
Answer: B
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55. Which f the following is most common

Alternate
alternative to cement in concrete?
Lime Concrete
A. Slag
Asphalt Concrete
B. Fly ash
C. Asphalt
D. Lime
SSC JE
Answer: D
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56. concrete containing

A. Silicious aggregates, has higher co-
efficient of expansion
B. igneous aggregate, has intermediate co-
efficient of expansion
C. Lime stones has lowest co-efficient of
expansion
D. All option are correct

Answer: D SSC JE
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57. Lightweight concrete is used in

A. Heat resistance
B. Air conditioning of building
C. Non-load bearing wall
D. Reducing thickness
SSC JE

Answer: B & C
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58. Too wet concrete may cause _______. Too Much Wetting of Concrete
A. Segregation Increases Porosity
B. Lower density Decreases Strength
C. Weakness of concrete Increases Chances of Bleeding

D. All options are correct

SSC JE

Answer: D
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59. Green concrete may be made by adding Coloured Concrete Material Added

A. Chromium oxide Green Chromium Oxide

Blue Cobalt
B. Iron hydroxide
Brown Magnesium Oxide
C. Barium permanganate
D. Iron oxide
SSC JE

Answer: A
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60. Minimum voids in aggregates can be

obtained by using -
A. Manufactured aggregates
B. Aggregates of varying sizes
C. Aggregates all of the same size
D. Aggregate of the same shape
RRB
Answer: B
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61. The main constituent of cement which is

responsible for initial setting of cement is:
A. di-calcium silicate
B. tri-calcium silicate
C. tricalcium aluminate
D. tri-calcium alumino ferrate
Telangana A.E.
Answer: C
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62. The test strength of the sample is taken as

the average of the strength of
A. 2 specimens
B. 3 specimens
C. 4 specimens
D. 5 specimens
SSC JE
Answer: B
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63. The most commonly used admixtures Retarders

which prolong the setting and hardening Calcium Sulphate
time of concrete are: Tartaric Acids
A. Accelerators Sugar
Starch
B. Retarders
C. Plasticisers
D. Air Entraining Agents
Answer: B
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64. Which of the below is an example of Plasticisers

plasticizer? Ligno – Sulphates
A. Hydroxylated carboxylic acid Poly Glycol Ester
B. Fluoro-silicate Carbohydrates

C. Gypsum Hydroxylated Carboxylic Acid

D. Surkhi

Answer: A
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65. Which one of the following admixtures is

used to check bleeding in concrete?
A. Calcium sulphate
B. Potash soap
C. Red oxide
D. Paraffin wax

Answer: D
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66. Fly ash is added to Concrete to improve all

Fly Ash
of the following properties EXCEPT: Decreases Early Strength
A. Early age strength gain Increases Ultimate Strength
B. Workability Reduces Bleeding
C. Long term strength Reduces Segregation
D. Permeability Reduces Heat of Hydration
Increases Durability
Answer: A Increases Workability
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67. Retarders are used for: Retarders

A. Construction of high rise building Calcium Sulphate
B. Repair works Tartaric Acids
C. Cold weather conditions Sugar

D. Grouting deep oil wells Starch

Used for Deep Wells, Ready Mix
Answer: D Concrete Works
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68. Zinc or aluminium powders are used as

Air Entraining Agents
______. De – Flocculating Agents
A. retarders Natural Wood Resins
B. accelerators Al Powder
C. air entraining agents Oleic Acid
D. plasticizers Stearic Acid

Answer: C
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69. Sugar when added to cement will act as: Retarders

A. An accelerator Calcium Sulphate
Tartaric Acids
B. A retarder
Sugar
C. A workability admixture
Starch
D. An air entraining agent
Used for Deep Wells, Ready Mix
Answer: B Concrete Works
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70. Which of the following roles fly ash does Fly Ash
not play in concrete Decreases Early Strength
A. Improving the workability Increases Ultimate Strength
B. Accelerating the strength gain Reduces Bleeding

C. Delaying the setting time of concrete Reduces Segregation

Reduces Heat of Hydration
D. Helps in long-term strength gain
Increases Durability
Answer: B Increases Workability
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72. What would be the effect of adding calcium chloride Accelerators

on concrete? Increases Rate of Gain of
Strength
A. It decreases shrinkage and setting time
Calcium Chloride
B. It increases shrinkage and setting time also Silicates
C. It decreases shrinkage and increases setting time Fluro – Silicates
D. It increases Shrinkage and decreases setting time Increases Shrinkage
Decreases Setting Time
Answer: D
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73. Calcium chloride added in concrete acts as : Accelerators

A. air entraining agent Increases Rate of Gain of
B. plasticizer Strength
Calcium Chloride
C. retarder
Silicates
D. accelerator
Fluro – Silicates
Increases Shrinkage
Answer: D
Decreases Setting Time
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74. The process of maintaining the moisture

and temperature Conditions of concrete so
that concrete develops hardened
properties over time is called ..........
A. hardening 6. Curing of Concrete
• There are many methods of curing :
B. softening
1. Water Curing
C. setting 2. Membrane Curing
3. Steam Curing
D. curing
4. Infrared Radiation Method
Answer: D 5. Electrical Curing
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75. Steam curing is used in

A. Long slabs and columns
B. Columns only
C. All of the options
D. Mass production of precast concrete

Answer: D
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76. The maximum thickness of concrete floor

of a cement warehouse is
A. 10 cm
B. 15 cm
C. 20 cm
D. 25 cm

Answer: D
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77. Curing compounds are made with the Curing Compunds

bases of which of the following? Wax
A. Chlorinated rubber only Synthetic Resin
B. All of the above Chlorinated Rubber

C. Wax only Acrylic Compounds

D. Synthetic resin only

Answer: B
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78. To obtain very high strength concrete,

necessary to use very fine grained :
A. Magnetite
B. Barite
C. Volcanic scoria
D. Granite

Answer: D
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79. What are the means of quality control on

concrete at site?
A. to know the accident so as to prevent
failure
B. to apply theory of probability during the
test & sample testing
C. to reduce the cost of testing
D. to reduce cost of removing error
Answer: B
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80. The process of applying cement mortar

under pressure through a nozzle is called:
A. Pressurizing
B. Pre-stressing
C. Guniting
D. Screeding

Answer: C
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81. Placing of concrete should preferably be

done at temperature of
A. 10°C
B. 20°C
C. 27 ± 2°C
D. 32°C

Answer: C
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82. How does the strength of Concrete differ

with age of concrete?
Age (Days) Strength
A. Increases 1 16%
B. Decreases 3 40%
C. No effect 7 65%
D. Increases, then decreases 21 90%
28 99%
Answer: A
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83. Of keeping concrete wet to enable it to

attain full strength is known as –
A. placing
B. wetting
C. curing
D. compacting

Answer: C
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