Tutorial No.

+UNIVERSITY OF BAHRAIN
College of Engineering
MENG 371 Mechanics of Materials

Q.1) (a) For the solid steel shaft shown G = 77

GPa, determine the angle of twist at A. (b)
repeat part a but know assuming that the steel
shaft is hollow with a 30 mm outer diameter
and a 20 mm inner diameter.

Solution
1
𝑟 = 2 𝑑 = 0.015𝑚

𝐽 = 𝜋2𝑟 4 = 𝜋2(0.015)4 = 79.522 × 10−9 𝑚4

L = 1.8 m, G = 77×109 Pa, T = 250 N.m

𝑇𝐿 250×1.8 180
𝜑 = 𝐺𝐽 = (77×109 )(79.522×10−9 ) = 73.49 × 10−3 𝑟𝑎𝑑 × 𝜋
= 4.21𝑜

(b) 𝑟2 = 0.015 𝑚, 𝑟1 = 12 𝑑1 = 0.010 𝑚

𝜋 𝜋
𝐽 = 2 (𝑟24 − 𝑟14 ) = 2 (0.0154 − 0.0104 ) = 63.814 × 10−9 𝑚4

𝑇𝐿 250×1.8 180
𝜑 = 𝐺𝐽 = (77×109 )(63.814×10−9 ) = 91.58 × 10−3 𝑟𝑎𝑑 × 𝜋
= 5.25𝑜

Dr.Maher Mahmood Page 1

 Tutorial No.3

Q 2) A torque of magnitude T = 1000 N.m

is applied at D as shown. Knowing that the
allowable shearing stress is 60 MPa in each
shaft, determine the required diameter of
(a) shaft AB, (b) shaft CD.
Solution

(𝑎) 𝑇𝐶𝐷 = 1000 𝑁. 𝑚

𝑟𝐵 100
𝑇𝐴𝐵 = 𝑇 = (1000) = 2500 𝑁. 𝑚
𝑟𝐶 𝐶𝐷 40

Shaft AB: 𝜏𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 60 × 106 𝑃𝑎

𝐽 = 𝜋2𝑅4 𝝉 = 𝑻𝑹
𝑱
𝟐𝑻
= 𝝅𝑹 𝟑

2𝑇 2×2500
𝑅3 = 𝜋𝜏 = 𝜋(60×106 )=26.526×10−6 𝑚3

𝑅 = 29.82 × 10−3 𝑚 = 29.82 𝑚𝑚

𝑑 = 2𝑅 = 59.6 𝑚𝑚

(𝑏) 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝐶𝐷: 𝜏𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 60 × 106 𝑃𝑎

𝑻𝑹 𝟐𝑻
𝝉= =
𝑱 𝝅𝑹𝟑

2𝑇 2×1000
𝑅3 = 𝜋𝜏 = 𝜋(60×106 )=10.61×10−6 𝑚3

𝑅 = 21.97 × 10−3 𝑚 = 21.97 𝑚𝑚

𝑑 = 2𝑅 = 43.9 𝑚𝑚

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 Tutorial No.3

Example 3.01 A hollow cylindrical steel shaft

is 1.5 m long and has inner and outer diameters
respectively equal to 40 and 60 mm (Fig. 3.15).
(a) What is the largest torque that can be
applied to the shaft if the shearing stress is not
to exceed 120 MPa? (b) What is the
corresponding minimum value of the shearing
stress in the shaft?

(a) Largest Permissible Torque. The largest torque T that can be applied to the shaft
is the torque for which 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 120 MPa. Since this value is less than the yield
strength for steel, we can use Eq. (3.9). Solving this equation for T, we have

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 Tutorial No.3

SAMPLE PROBLEM 3.2 The preliminary

design of a large shaft connecting a motor to a
generator calls for the use of a hollow shaft
with inner and outer diameters of 4 in. and 6
in., respectively. Knowing that the allowable
shearing stress is 12 ksi, determine the
maximum torque that can be transmitted (a) by
the shaft as designed, (b) by a solid shaft of the
same weight, (c) by a hollow shaft of the same
weight and of 8-in. outer diameter.

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 Tutorial No.3

Example 3.04 For the assembly of

Fig. 3.23, knowing that rA = 2rB,
determine the angle of rotation of
end E of shaft BE when the torque
T is applied at E.

We first determine the torque TAD

exerted on shaft AD. Observing
that equal and opposite forces F
and F’ are applied on the two gears
at C (Fig. 3.24), and recalling that
rA = 2rB, we conclude that the torque exerted on shaft AD is twice as large as the
torque exerted on shaft BE;
thus, TAD = 2T.
Since the end D of shaft AD is fixed, the angle of
rotation φA of gear A is equal to the angle of twist
of the shaft and is obtained by writing
𝑇𝐴𝐷 𝐿 2𝑇𝐿
𝜑𝐴 = =
𝐽𝐺 𝐽𝐺
Observing that the arcs CC’ and CC” in Fig.
3.26b must be equal, we write
𝑟𝐴 𝜑𝐴 = 𝑟𝐵 𝜑𝐵 and obtain

𝜑𝐵 = (𝑟𝐴 /𝑟𝐵 )𝜑𝐴 = 2𝜑𝐴

We have, therefore,
4𝑇𝐿
𝜑𝐵 = 2𝜑𝐴 =
𝐽𝐺
Considering now shaft BE, we recall that the angle of twist of the shaft is equal to the
angle 𝜑𝐸/𝐵 through which end E rotates with respect to end B. We have
fEyB 5
The angle of rotation of end E is obtained by writing
𝑇𝐵𝐸 𝐿 𝑇𝐿
𝜑𝐸/𝐵 = =
𝐽𝐺 𝐽𝐺
The angle of rotation of end E is obtained by writing

4𝑇𝐿 𝑇𝐿 5𝑇𝐿
𝜑𝐸 = 𝜑𝐵 + 𝜑𝐸/𝐵 = + =
𝐽𝐺 𝐽𝐺 𝐽𝐺

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 Tutorial No.3

Example 3.05 A circular shaft AB consists of a

10-in.-long, 7/8 -in.-diameter steel cylinder, in
which a 5-in.-long, 5/8 -in.-diameter cavity has
been drilled from end B. The shaft is attached
to fixed supports at both ends, and a 90 lb. ft
torque is applied at its midsection (Fig. 3.25).
Determine the torque exerted on the shaft by
each of the supports.

Drawing the free-body diagram of the shaft and

denoting by TA and TB the torques exerted by the
supports (Fig. 3.26a), we obtain the equilibrium
equation
𝑇𝐴 + 𝑇𝐵 = 90 𝑙𝑏. 𝑓𝑡
Since this equation is not sufficient to determine
the two unknown torques TA and TB, the shaft is
statically indeterminate.
However, TA and TB can be determined if we
observe that the total angle of twist of shaft AB
must be zero, since both of its ends are restrained.
Denoting by φ1 and φ2, respectively, the angles of
twist of portions AC and CB, we write
𝜑 = 𝜑1 + 𝜑2 = 0
From the free-body diagram of a small portion of
shaft including end A (Fig. 3.26b), we note that
the internal torque T1 in AC is equal to TA; from the free-body diagram of a small
portion of shaft including end B (Fig. 3.26c), we note that the internal torque T2 in CB
is equal to TB. Recalling Eq. (3.16) and observing that portions AC and CB of the shaft
are twisted in opposite senses, we write

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 Tutorial No.3

SAMPLE PROBLEM 3.3 The horizontal

shaft AD is attached to a fixed base at D and
is subjected to the torques shown. A 44-mm-
diameter hole has been drilled into portion
CD of the shaft. Knowing that the entire
shaft is made of steel for which G = 77 GPa,
determine the angle of twist at end A.

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 Tutorial No.3

SAMPLE PROBLEM 3.5 A steel shaft and an

aluminum tube are connected to a fixed support
and to a rigid disk as shown in the cross section.
Knowing that the initial stresses are zero,
determine the maximum torque T0 that can be
applied to the disk if the allowable stresses are
120 MPa in the steel shaft and 70 MPa in the
aluminum tube. Use G = 77 GPa for steel and G
= 27 GPa for aluminum.

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 Tutorial No.3

SAMPLE PROBLEM 3.6 The stepped shaft

shown is to rotate at 900 rpm as it transmits power
from a turbine to a generator. The grade of steel
specified in the design has an allowable shearing
stress of 8 ksi. (a) For the preliminary design
shown, determine the maximum power that can be
transmitted. (b) If in the final design the radius of
the fillet is increased so that r = 15/16 in., what will
be the percent change, relative to the preliminary
design, in the power that can be transmitted?

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 Tutorial No.3

SAMPLE PROBLEM 3.9 Using τall = 40

MPa, determine the largest torque that may
be applied to each of the brass bars and to
the brass tube shown. Note that the two
solid bars have the same crosssectional
area, and that the square bar and square
tube have the same outside dimensions.

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