MECH3427-Assignment Questions

Design & Manufacturing
Dr. C K Chan
Class exercise 2022
公司
標誌
1
Class exercise #1
Try to do a background study on an vacuum cleaner and write a
specification for it with your own favor.
Break down the design into different subsystem.
Point out the major consideration and how it can be success in the
commercial market.
<5 pages (Exclude cover page, table of content), submission
deadline: By the end of next week.
2
Class exercise #1 : Guideline
Research current available product in the market, study their
functions and compare their special features. Reference to their
specifications, write down a specification with your own ideas.
Analysis the product by drawing the block diagram of system flow
figure, an example for microwave oven is shown below.
Input Output
Electrical energy Electromagnetic energy

Operation command
Microwave oven ???
???
Illustrate your design with graphical drawing (Hand sketch or

combine internet pictures are acceptable). Two examples for
microwave oven is shown below.
TV display
3
Draw a tree diagram for the design analysis, an example for
microwave oven is shown below.
Microwave
oven
Panel Main body Safety device ???
Microwave Overall heat

System clock ???
generation unit sensor
0~9 Input
??? ???
button
???
4
Cover page
This short report should also have table
of content with page number. If you
don’t know how to use the automatic
function in Ms word, you can refer to
the following link.
Add table of content:
https://support.office.com/en-
us/article/insert-a-table-of-contents-
882e8564-0edb-435e-84b5-
1d8552ccf0c0 2022-23 Class exercise #1
Specification & Design
Add table of figures:
https://support.office.com/en-
us/article/insert-a-table-of-figures-
c5ea59c5-487c-4fb2-bd48-
e34dd57f0ec1
*Students who commits plagiarism will
share the marks evenly, no matter you
are the supplier or copier.
5
Class exercise #2: Cover page
2022-23 Class exercise

#2: #2
Material index
6
Class Exercise T
1) Select an appropriate material for a heat sink of memory clips.

Hints: The heat sink now becomes a critical component, limiting
further development of the electronics. How can its performance
be maximized?
2) Use the E-ρ chart to establish whether woods have a higher
specific stiffness E/ρ than epoxies.
3) Do titanium alloys have a higher or lower specific strength
(strength/density, σf / ρ ) than the best steels? This is important
when you want strength at low weight (landing gear of aircraft,
mountain bikes).
4) Use the modulus-strength E − σf chart to find materials that have
E > 10 GPa and σf ≥ 1000 MPa.
5) Use the fracture toughness-modulus chart to find materials that
have a fracture toughness K c1 greater than 100 MPa.m1/2 and
2
a toughness 𝐺1𝑐 = 𝐾1𝑐 /𝐸 greater than 10 kJ/m3.
7
Class Exercise C
1) A material is required to manufacture office scissors. Paper is an
abrasive material, and scissors sometimes encounter hard obstacles
like staples. List function and constraints; set the objective to “minimize
cost” and the free variables to “choice of material”.
2) A material is required for a heat exchanger to extract heat from geo-
thermally heated, saline, water at 120oC (and thus under pressure). List
function and constraints; set the objective to “minimize cost” and the
free variables to “choice of material”.
3) A furnace is required to sinter powder-metal parts. It operates
continuously at 650 oC while the parts are fed through on a moving belt.
You are asked to select a material for furnace insulation to minimize
heat loss and thus to make the furnace as energy-efficient as possible.
For reasons of space the insulation is limited to a maximum thickness of
x = 0.2 m. List the function, constraints, objective and free variable..
Class Exercise C
4) A C-clamp is required for the processing of electronic components at
temperatures up to 450oC. It is essential that the clamp has as low a
thermal inertia as possible so that it reaches that temperature quickly,
and it must not charge-up when exposed to an electron beam. The time
t it takes a component of thickness x to reach thermal equilibrium when
the temperature is suddenly changed (a transient heat flow problem) is
𝑥2
𝑡≈ ,
where the thermal diffusivity a = λ/ρCp and λ is the thermal
2𝑎
conductivity, ρ the density and Cp the specific heat. List function,
constraints and objective; set the free variables to “choice of material”.
Class exercise M #1
• Find the material indices for a beam as

shown below.
10
Class exercise M #2
• Given a C-clamp as shown below. for processing of electronic

components. The clamp has a square cross-section of width x and
given depth b. It is essential that the clamp have low thermal inertia
so that it reaches temperature quickly. The time t it takes a
component of thickness x to reach thermal equilibrium when the
temperature is suddenly changed (a transient heat flow problem) is
𝑥2
𝑡≈ ,
2𝑎
where the thermal diffusivity a

= λ/ρCp and λ is the thermal
conductivity, ρ the density and
Cp the specific heat. List
function, constraints and
objective; set the free variables
to “choice of material”.
11
Class exercise M #2
• The time to reach thermal equilibrium is reduced by

making the section x thinner, but it must not be so thin
that it fails in service. Use this constraint to eliminate x in
the equation above, thereby deriving a material index for
the clamp. Use the fact that the clamping force F creates
a moment on the body of the clamp of M = FL , and that
the peak stress in the body is given by
𝑥𝑀
𝜎=
2 𝐼
𝑏𝑥 3
Where 𝐼 = is the second moment of area of the body.
12
Translate the design requirements into a table and
determine the material index.
12
Assignment: Cover page
2022-23 Assignment
#2:
Material index
13
Assignment
• Aircraft and space structures make use of plates and shells. The index
depends on the configuration. Here you are asked to derive the
translation table and material index for
a) a circular plate of radius a carrying a central load W with a
prescribed stiffness S=W/δ and of minimum mass, and
b) a hemispherical shell of radius a carrying a central load W with a
prescribed stiffness S=W/δ and of minimum mass, as shown in the
figures.
Hence, propose some material candidates.
Assignment
• Use the two results listed below for the midpoint deflection δ of a plate
or spherical shell under a load W applied over a small central, circular
area:
Circular plate:
Hemispherical shell:
in which A≈0.35 is a constant. Here E is Young’s modulus, t is the

thickness of the plate or shell and ν is Poisson’s ratio. Poisson’s ratio is
almost the same for all structural materials and can be treated as a
constant.

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Design & Manufacturing

Electrical energy Electromagnetic energy

Illustrate your design with graphical drawing (Hand sketch or

Panel Main body Safety device ???

Microwave Overall heat

2022-23 Class exercise

1) Select an appropriate material for a heat sink of memory clips.

• Find the material indices for a beam as

• Given a C-clamp as shown below. for processing of electronic

where the thermal diffusivity a

• The time to reach thermal equilibrium is reduced by

in which A≈0.35 is a constant. Here E is Young’s modulus, t is the

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