Inter Audit MCQs - SK
Inter Audit MCQs - SK
Inter Audit MCQs - SK
MCQ Booklet
CA Shubham Keswani
[CA (AIR 8), EY, B. Com(H), SRCC]
INDEX
S No. Topic Pg No.
1 Intro to Audit 1-7
SA 210 5
SQC-1/SA 220 6
2 Audit Planning 9-13
3 Audit Documentation 14-16
4 Risk Assessment & Internal Control 17-20
5 Audit Procedures 21-22
6 Materiality & Sampling 23-25
7 Automated Environment 26-29
8 SA 500/501/505/510 30-33
9 SA 550/560/570/580 34-37
10 SA 260/265 38
11 Analytical Procedures 39-40
12 Audit Report 41-45
13 CARO 2020 46-47
14 Bank Audit 48-50
15 Govt Audit 51-52
16 Audit of Co-op Society 53-54
17 Audit of Different types of Entities 55-56
18 Audit of Items of F.S. 57-61
19 Miscellaneous 62-66
MCQs Instructions
Compilation of all MCQs on ICAI BOS portal. Some case scenarios covered in our Ques Bank as they
were already covered in ICAI SM (New Course) have not been included again in this book. Relevant
explanations have been included wherever it was required.
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Ch-1 Introduction to Auditing
1. As per SA-200 “Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor”, in conducting an audit of financial statements,
the overall objectives of the auditor are:
a) Prospective financial information relates to future events. Since no evidence is available to support the
assumptions on which prospective financial information is based, auditor is not in a position to express an
opinion whether results shown in prospective information will be achieved.
b) In assurance reports involving prospective financial information, Standards on Auditing apply.
c) In assurance engagements involving prospective financial information, practitioner provides a report assuring
that nothing has come to practitioner’s attention to suggest that assumptions do not provide a reasonable
basis for the projection.
d) In assurance engagements involving prospective financial information, practitioner provides a report assuring
that nothing has come to practitioner’s attention to suggest that assumptions provide a reasonable basis for
the projection.
3. ____________framework means a framework adopted in the preparation and presentation of the financial
statements that is acceptable in view of the nature of the entity and the objective of the financial statements, or
that is required by law or regulation.
a) Financial reporting
b) Applicable financial reporting
c) Financial verification
d) Financial analysis
5. No business or institution can effectively carry on its activities without the help of proper ____________:
a) Audit
b) Record and accounts
c) neither (a) nor (b)
d) both (a) and (b)
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6. Audited financial statements are not a guarantee against probable wrong doings in financial matters of
companies. What kind of assurance does audit of financial statements provide?
7. The auditor of Delicious Sweets Limited was of the opinion that objective of audit of financial statements of a
company is to provide reasonable assurance that financial statements of that company are free from
misstatements. Which type of misstatements are mentioned by auditor of Delicious Sweets Limited:
a) Simple.
b) Material.
c) Easy.
d) Competent.
9. Inherent limitations of an audit of financial statements arise due to a number of factors. Which of the following
is not such a factor?
10. In order to express an opinion on the financial statements, the auditor needs to satisfy himself that
I. the accounts have been drawn up with reference to entries in the books of account which are adequately
supported by sufficient and appropriate evidence.
II. none of the entries in the books of account has been omitted in the process of compilation and nothing
which is not in the books of account has found place in the statements
III. the information conveyed by the statements is clear and unambiguous. The financial statement amounts
are properly classified, described and disclosed in conformity with accounting standards
IV. the statement of accounts present a true and fair picture of the operational results and of the assets and
liabilities.
a) I, II
b) I, II, III
c) II, III, IV
d) I, II, III, IV
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11. An employee of Fruits and Vegetables Limited was of the opinion that auditor of a company is required to
express an opinion. On which one of the following the auditor of a company is required to express an opinion:
12. Choosing of appropriate accounting policies in relation to various accounting issues like choosing method of
charging depreciation on fixed assets or choosing appropriate method for valuation of inventories are
responsibilities of:
a) Statutory Auditor
b) Internal Auditor
c) Legal counsel
d) Management
13. ____________ along with other disciplines such as accounting and law, equips you with all the knowledge that
is required to enter into auditing as a profession.
a) Auditing
b) Taxation
c) Finance
d) Law
a) Preparation and presentation of the financial statements in accordance with applicable financial reporting
b) Design, implementation and maintenance of internal controls
c) Express an opinion on the Financial Statements
d) To obtain limited assurance.
17. As explained in SA 200, “Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in
Accordance with Standards on Auditing”, _________is obtained when the auditor has obtained sufficient
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appropriate audit evidence to reduce audit risk (i.e., the risk that the auditor expresses an inappropriate opinion
when the financial statements are materially misstated) to an acceptably low level.
a) absolute assurance
b) limited assurance
c) reasonable assurance
d) reasonable or absolute assurance
18. ZETA Private Limited is a recently established start-up formed with objective for promoting use of polyhouses
and offering farmers necessary know-how for setting up such structures. Polyhouses enable farmers to grow good
quality crops like vegetables throughout the year. At a meeting, directors discuss about pros and cons of
independent audit of financial statements in a start-up like theirs. Which of following statements is false in this
regard?
19. Owing to the _______ limitations of an audit, there is _________ risk that some material misstatements of the
financial statements will not be detected, even though the audit is properly planned and performed in accordance
with the SAs.
a) Inherent, unavoidable
b) Inherit, complete
c) Management, unavoidable
d) Regulatory, control
20. Which of following is not one of objectives of auditor in accordance with SA 200?
a) To obtain a reasonable assurance whether financial statements as a whole are free from material
misstatement
b) To report on the financial statements
c) To communicate in accordance with auditor’s findings as required by Standards on Auditing.
d) To obtain an absolute assurance that financial statements are free from any fraudulent transaction.
a) Misstatement
b) Fraud
c) Error
d) Fraudulent financial reporting.
22. A Chartered Accountant finds during the course of statutory audit of a company that management is not serious
about findings of internal audit reports. No action has been taken on findings of internal auditor and reports for
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last two quarters are gathering dust. He has further found that management has not disclosed information relating
to transactions with another company. However, he has assiduously gathered that it is a related party by going
through annual reports of past years and searching online database on MCA portal.
The described situation most appropriately denotes__________?
a) Objectivity
b) Professional knowledge
c) Independence
d) Professional skepticism
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SA 210 Agreeing the Terms of Audit Engagement
1. Which of the following is normally not included in engagement letter sent by auditor to client?
a) Responsibilities of auditor
b) Responsibilities of management
c) Auditor’s fees
d) Tangible benefits of audit
2. A request from the client for the auditor to change the engagement may result from
1. a change in circumstances affecting the need for the service,
2. a misunderstanding as to the nature of an audit or related service originally requested
3. a restriction on the scope of the engagement, whether imposed by management or caused by circumstances.
a) (1) only
b) (1) and (2)
c) (1), (2) and (3)
d) (1) or (2) or (3)
SQC-1/SA 220
1. As per SQC-1 “An appropriate time limit within which to complete the assembly of the final audit file is ordinarily
not more than____ days after the date of the auditor’s report”.
a) 30
b) 60
c) 90
d) 45
2. The auditor’s _________ safeguards the auditor’s ability to form an audit opinion without being affected by any
influences.
a) Objectivity
b) independence
c) Confidentiality
d) Integrity
3. The Firm R K & Associates has an extensive understanding of Code of Ethics that underlies the fundamental
principles relevant to the Auditor when conducting an Audit of Financial Statements and provides a conceptual
framework for applying these principles. Which of the following does not form part of the fundamental principle?
a) Integrity
b) Professional Competence and due care
c) Professional Skepticism
d) Professional behaviour
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a) Only Chartered accountants in practice
b) Only Chartered accountants in practice who perform assurance engagements
c) Only Chartered accountants in practice who act as auditors
d) Chartered accountants in practice as well as Chartered accountants in service
5. _____requires firms to establish policies and procedures for the retention of ________.The retention period for
audit engagements ordinarily is no shorter than ______from the date of the auditor’s report, or, if later, the date
of the group auditor’s report
6. CA Piyush is offered appointment as statutory auditor of branch of a bank. He has also taken housing loan of
Rs.75 lakhs from same bank. Identify threat to independence involved.
a) Advocacy threat
b) Self-interest threat
c) Self-review threat
d) Familiarity threat
a) Self-interest threats
b) Self- review threats
c) Advocacy threats
d) Peer group threats
a) unless otherwise specified by law or regulation, audit documentation is the property of the management.
b) unless otherwise specified by law or regulation, audit documentation is the property of those charged with
governance.
c) unless otherwise specified by law or regulation, audit documentation is the property of the management or
those charged with governance.
d) unless otherwise specified by law or regulation, audit documentation is the property of the auditor.
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5 C SQC-1 requires firms to establish policies and procedures for the retention of engagement
documentation. The retention period for audit engagements ordinarily is no shorter than 7 years
from the date of the auditor’s report, or, if later, the date of the group auditor’s report
6 B Loan from client is self-interest threat.
7 D Nothing like peer group threat.
8 D Unless otherwise specified by law or regulation, audit documentation is the property of the auditor.
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Ch-2 Audit Planning
2. CA Bhanwar is auditor of a hospital owned by an eye surgeon. His annual professional receipts are about Rs.3
crores. All eye surgeries are being performed by him and two hours are devoted in evening OPD. Employee strength
in hospital is 10. Mr. Kapadia is also auditor of a multi-speciality hospital located in the same city having annual
receipts of Rs.75 crores. It has employee strength of 200. Which of the statements is most appropriate regarding
internal controls?
a) Internal controls are likely to be more structured in eye surgeon’s hospital whereas these are likely to be less
structured in multi-speciality hospital.
b) Eye surgeon cannot easily override controls in hospital.
c) Internal controls are likely to be less structured in eye surgeon’s hospital whereas these are likely to be more
structured in multi-speciality hospital.
d) Internal controls at multi-speciality hospital can be easily overridden without catching attention of auditor.
3. Statement 1: The establishment of the overall audit strategy and the detailed audit plan are not necessarily
discrete or sequential process but are closely inter-related.
Statement 2: The auditor shall establish an overall audit strategy that guides the development of audit plan.
5. Planning is ______ process of an audit that often begins shortly after (or in connection with) the completion of
the previous audit and continues until the completion of the current audit engagement:
a) continuous
b) discrete
c) neither continuous nor discreet
d) strategic
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6. CA X is in the process of establishing audit strategy for a company engaged in the business of trading of Fast-
moving consumer goods (FMCG). Which of following is not a factor to be considered by CA X while establishing
audit strategy for the company?
7. The overall audit strategy and the audit plan remain the _______ responsibility
a) auditor’s
b) management’s
c) those charged with governance.
d) both management and those charged with governance.
8. _______means materiality for the financial statements as a whole to reduce to an appropriately low level the
probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and undetected misstatement exceeds materiality for the financial
statements as a whole :-
a) Benchmark Materiality
b) Materiality in Planning
c) Performance Materiality
d) Materiality
9. CA Tarini is in process of formulating audit plan for conducting audit of a company engaged in business of dealing
in commodity futures. Which of following is not likely to be an appropriate audit procedure to be included in audit
plan for the abovesaid company?
a) establishing the overall audit strategy for the engagement and developing an audit plan.
b) establishing the overall audit plan for the engagement and developing an audit strategy.
c) establishing the overall audit plan for the engagement
d) developing an audit strategy.
11. An ____________consists of a series of verification procedures to be applied to the financial statements and
accounts of a given entity for the purpose of obtaining sufficient evidence to enable the auditor to express an
informed opinion on financial statements.
a) audit programme
b) audit plan
c) assertion
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d) audit paper
12. ________ sets the scope, timing & direction of the audit and guides the development of the more detailed plan.
a) Audit Programme
b) Overall Audit Strategy
c) Completion Memorandum
d) Audit Plan
14. Once the overall audit strategy has been established, _______can be developed to address the various matters
identified in the overall audit strategy, taking into account the need to achieve the audit objectives through the
efficient use of the auditor’s resources.
a) audit strategy
b) audit plan
c) audit plan and audit strategy
d) audit note book
15. which of the following is not addressed by the overall audit strategy :
16. The auditor shall develop an audit plan that shall include a description of:
a) The auditor shall establish an audit plan that sets the scope, timing and direction of the audit, and that guides
the development of the overall audit strategy.
b) The auditor shall establish an overall audit strategy that sets the scope, timing and direction of the audit, and
there is no need to guide the development of the audit plan.
c) The auditor shall establish an overall audit strategy that sets the scope, timing and direction of the audit, and
that guides the development of the audit plan.
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d) The auditor shall establish an audit plan that sets the scope, timing and direction of the audit, and that there
is no need to guide the development of the overall audit strategy.
18. Keswani & Co, Chartered Accountants firm got an assignment of statutory audit for 3 years of Daksh LLP. The
first year of audit was FY 2021-22. During the first and second year of audit, Keswani & Co devised an audit plan for
Daksh LLP and did not prepare an audit plan for FY 2023-24. Kindly state which of the following statement is true
in the above context.
a) Keswani & Co need not prepare the audit plan for FY 2023-24 because the audit plan is already prepared in
the first year of audit.
b) Keswani & Co need not prepare the audit plan for FY 2023-24 since it is recurring audit.
c) Keswani & Co should prepare the audit plan for FY 2023-24 because planning is not a discrete phase of an
audit, but rather a continual and iterative process.
d) Keswani & Co need not prepare the audit plan for FY 2023-24 because the audit plan is prepared for two years
of audit.
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The auditor shall develop an audit plan that shall include a description of:
• The nature, timing and extent of planned risk assessment procedures
• The nature, timing and extent of planned further audit procedures at the assertion level.
• Other planned audit procedures that are required to be carried out so that the
16 d engagement complies with SAs.
The auditor shall establish an overall audit strategy that sets the scope, timing and direction of
17 c the audit, and that guides the development of the audit plan
18 c planning is not a discrete phase of an audit, but rather a continual and iterative process.
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Ch-3 Audit Documentation
1. ______________refers to the record of audit procedures performed, relevant audit evidence obtained, and
conclusions the auditor reached.
a) Audit Techniques
b) Audit evidence
c) Audit Documentation
d) Audit Procedures record
4. ___________ is the summary of significant matters identified during audit and way they are addressed: -
a) Audit File
b) Audit Programme
c) Completion memorandum
d) Checklists
5. A company has started its manufacturing operations from a newly constructed building. CA Z is statutory auditor
of company. Which of following is not likely to be an example of audit documentation?
6. CA Vijay is the statutory auditor of XYZ Ltd. for the FY 2021-22. During the process of assembling the audit file,
CA Vijay briefed his team as to what all changes can be made to the audit documentation at that stage. Which of
the following changes cannot be made to the audit documentation during the final assembly process?
a) It helps to show that audit was conducted in accordance with requirements of SQC 1.
b) It serves as a record of matters of continuing significance to future audits.
c) It assists engagement team to plan and perform the audit.
d) It can directly help auditor in expanding client base.
8. _______ may be defined as one or more folders or other storage media, in physical or electronic form, containing
records that comprise audit documentation for a specific engagement.
a) Audit File
b) Audit evidence
c) Completion Memorandum
d) Audit Folder
9. An important factor in determining the form, content and extent of audit documentation of significant matters
is the extent of __________exercised in performing the work and evaluating the results.
a) professional judgment
b) professional skepticism
c) professional competence
d) professional integrity
10. Which of following does not fall within meaning of “Audit Documentation”?
11. CA P has completed audit of a company and final audit file has been assembled. After about two years, in
connection with some regulatory proceedings, he is asked to produce copy of audit file. He again takes a fresh look
at audit documentation and discards some papers. Which of following statements is correct in this regard?
a) The auditor shall assemble the audit documentation in an audit file and complete the administrative process
of assembling the final audit file on a timely basis after the date of the auditor’s report.
b) The auditor shall assemble the audit documentation in an audit file and shall not complete the administrative
process of assembling the final audit file.
c) The auditor shall assemble the audit documentation in an audit file and complete the administrative process
of assembling the final audit file on a timely basis before the date of the auditor’s report.
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d) The auditor shall not assemble the audit documentation in an audit file.
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Ch-4 Risk Assessment & Internal Control
2. Control risk is a function of the effectiveness of the design, implementation and maintenance of _________ by
management.
a) Internal Audit
b) Internal Control
c) Reliance control
d) Operating effectiveness of controls
a) detection risk.
b) Inherent risk
c) control risk
d) business risk
4. __________ means the risk that the auditor gives an inappropriate audit opinion when the financial statement
are materially misstated.
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7. The susceptibility of an assertion about a class of transaction, account balance or disclosure to a misstatement
that could be material, either individually or when aggregated with other misstatements, before consideration of
any related controls is
a) Control Risk
b) Inherent Risk
c) Detection Risk
d) Audit Risk
8. For a given level of audit risk, the acceptable level of detection risk bears ________relationship to the assessed
risks of material misstatement at the assertion level.
a) direct.
b) Inverse
c) no relationship
d) either (a) or (c)
9. You have been appointed as statutory auditor of a company for the first time. It has become very important for
you to understand the company and its environment. Which of the following activities are not expected to be
included in your attempts to know about the company and its environment?
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Case Study
Roop & Co. are the auditors of Onda group of Hotels. This is the first time the firm is auditing an industry in food
and beverage and it is day one of the audit. The engagement partner along with his team wants to make a thorough
understanding of the entity and its environment in order to identify and assess the risks of material misstatements,
whether due to fraud or error. The following are some of the points identified by them on Day 1.
1. The hotel has two banquet halls. The documentation available for verification of banquet hall revenue is only the
invoice raised by the hotel and some mail conversations on customer enquiry and finalization of price. On audit
trial, it is found that finance approval of the transaction is only after invoice is sent to them for accounting at final
settlement. Advance paid by the clients are not vetted through finance team. The auditor suspects a weakness in
this system.
2. The auditor also finds a control deficiency in the process of procurement of stores. A goods receipt note is not
prepared at the time of receipt of goods. On enquiry with management, the auditor finds that there exists a system
control wherein goods receipt note is automatically prepared and approved in the system once the quantity and
price of goods is entered against specific vendor. This entry is on real-time basis and system does not allow back
dated entries.
3. The auditor enquires of the management as to what is risk assessment process followed by the entity for
prevention and detection of risk of material misstatement due to fraud and error. The auditor finds there is no
documented risk assessment process.
With the help of the above facts, answer the following questions by choosing the correct option.
i. What kind of a risk is portrayed in the booking of revenue with respect to Banquet halls?
ii. Which among the following statement is incorrect in the context of Audit Risk?
a) The more extensive the audit procedures performed, the lower is the detection risk
b) Greater the risk of material misstatement the auditor believes exist, less is the detection risk that can be
accepted and accordingly more persuasive evidence is required by the auditor.
c) Audit risk also includes the risk that the auditor may express an opinion that the financial statements are
materially misstated when they are actually not.
d) Risk of material misstatement at the assertion level is of two kinds – control risk and inherent risk.
iii. In the case of procurement of stores, the auditor has tested more than one control for the same assertion. In
that given case, what should be his reliance on the control?
a) Since compensating controls are identified, if tested and evaluated to be effective, the auditor can rely on the
control.
b) Even though compensating controls are there, since one control is ineffective, the auditor should not rely on
control for this assertion and should perform extensive procedures.
c) Documentation in electronic medium cannot be accepted, hence, he cannot rely only on system control.
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d) Even though compensating controls are there, since one control is ineffective, the auditor should not rely on
control for this assertion as well as associated assertions.
iv. In the context of SA 315, which among the following is NOT a risk assessment procedure?
a) Inquiries of management, of appropriate individuals within internal audit function and of others within the
entity
b) Analytical Procedures
c) Observation and Inspection
d) External Confirmation
v. What should be the course of action of the auditor for the entity not having a documented risk assessment
process?
a) The auditor should obtain management written representations on how risks are identified
b) The auditor shall discuss with management on how risks are identified, addressed and determine whether the
absence is appropriate in the circumstances or whether it represents a significant deficiency in internal
control.
c) The auditor should advise the management to document the same immediately and accordingly opine on the
same in his audit report too.
d) The auditor shall discuss with management on how risks are identified by system and place reliance on the
same as documentation in this context is immaterial.
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Ch-5 Audit Procedures
1. ____________refers to the audit procedures performed to obtain an understanding of the entity and its
environment, including the entity’s internal control to identify and assess the risk of material misstatement.
2. Statement 1:- Substantive Procedures alone can provide sufficient and appropriate audit evidence at the
assertion level.
Statement 2:-Test of Controls are audit procedures designed to evaluate the operating effectiveness of controls in
prevention, detection and correcting material misstatement at the assertion level.
3. Because the assessment of the risk of material misstatement takes account of internal control,
a) the extent of substantive procedures may need to be increased irrespective of the results from tests of
controls.
b) the extent of substantive procedures may need to be increased when the results from tests of controls are
satisfactory.
c) the extent of substantive procedures may need to be decreased when the results from tests of controls are
unsatisfactory.
d) the extent of substantive procedures may need to be increased when the results from tests of controls are
unsatisfactory.
5. To evaluate the Internal Control of Kingsway Limited, a team member of the auditors used a method according
to which, number of questions relating to internal control of the company were required to be answered by the
employees of the company. After obtaining the answers there was a discussion relating to those answers between
team member of the auditor and employees of the company for a clear picture. State the method of evaluation of
internal control as discussed above.
a) Narrative record
b) Check List
c) Internal Control questionnaire
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d) Flow chart
For the purpose of Identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement, the auditor shall :
a) Identify risks throughout the process of obtaining an understanding of the entity and its environment,
including relevant controls that relate to the risks, and by considering the classes of transactions, account
balances, and disclosures in the financial statements;
b) Assess the identified risks, and evaluate whether they relate more pervasively to the financial statements as
a whole and potentially affect many assertions;
c) Relate the identified risks to what can go wrong at the assertion level, taking account of relevant controls that
the auditor intends to test; and
d) Not consider the like likelihood of misstatement, including the possibility of multiple misstatements, and
whether the potential misstatement is of a magnitude that could result in a material misstatement.
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Ch-6 Materiality
SA 320 Materiality in Planning & Performing an Audit
1. Determining a percentage to be applied to a chosen benchmark (in relation to materiality) involves the exercise
of ________
a) Independence
b) Professional Judgment
c) Professional skepticism
d) Professional behaviour
a) should not consider materiality and its relationship with audit risk while conducting an audit.
b) should consider materiality and its relationship with audit risk while conducting an audit.
c) should not consider materiality but should consider its relationship with audit risk while conducting an audit.
d) should consider materiality but need not consider its relationship with audit risk while conducting an audit.
1. Which of the following factors is (are) considered in determining the sample size for tests of control?
a) Projected error
b) tolerable error
c) Expected error
d) Both (b) and (c)
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Case Study
A firm of Chartered Accountants by the name of YZ and Associates was appointed to audit the books of accounts of
NH Limited for the FY 2021- 22. YZ and Associates consisted of two partners by the name of Mr. Y and Mr. Z.
NH Limited was into manufacturing business of carpets. The demand of carpets manufactured by NH Limited was not
just in India, but also in international markets. As a result, the volume of transactions related to the business of
manufacturing carpets was also huge. Mr. Y, the engagement partner, knew that it would not be possible to audit
each and every transaction, so he decided to use the technique of Audit Sampling for the purpose of audit of NH
Limited.
The audit engagement team consisted of four members. One team member, Mr. Rahul, was of the opinion that the
population from which the sample was required to be selected for the purpose of audit must have three important
characteristics, namely, appropriateness, completeness and reliability. According to opinion of second team member,
Mr. Sachin, every individual item that make the population is important from the point of view of creating a sample
for the purpose of audit.
For different items of Financial Statements, Mr. Y and his team members used different methods for selecting the
sample.
The examples of which are as follows:
(1) For the purpose of creating a sample of Repair and Maintenance Expenses, following information was available:
Number of items in Population = 400
Sample Size = 50
Sampling Interval = [400/50] = 8
Out of the 400 Repair and Maintenance Expenses transactions during the FY 2021-22, a transaction each from
sampling interval of 8 units was selected to create a sample size of 50 units for the purpose of audit.
(2) A sample was created for Power and Fuel Expenses with the help of random number tables.
(3) For the purpose of creating a sample of Printing and Stationery Expenses no structured way was used. A sample
was created without following a particular technique.
(4) A sample was created for Travelling Expenses related to business of NH Limited by selecting transactions of amount
exceeding ₹ 12,000.
i. With respect to the repair and maintenance expenses incurred by the company during the FY 2021-22, which of
the following methods of sample selection was used by the audit engagement team?
a. Haphazard Sampling.
b. Systematic Sampling.
c. Random Sampling.
d. Block Sampling.
ii. For checking the power and fuel expenses which of the following methods of sample selection is used by the
audit team.:
a. Systematic Sampling.
b. Haphazard Sampling.
c. Block Sampling.
d. Random Sampling.
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iii. By using which method of sample selection did the audit team select the sample for printing and stationery
expenses?
a. Block Sampling.
b. Systematic Sampling.
c. Random Sampling.
d. Haphazard Sampling.
iv. By following which sample selection method did the audit team create the sample for auditing the travelling
expenses related to business of NH Limited?
a. Monetary Unit Sampling.
b. Random Sampling.
c. Block Sampling.
d. Systematic Sampling.
v. Mr. Sachin was of the opinion that every individual item that make the population is important from the point
of view of creating a sample for the purpose of audit. These individual items making the population are called as:
a. Population Units.
b. Transaction Units.
c. Required Units.
d. Sampling Units.
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Ch-7 Automated Environment
1. In BB Limited every business activity was being carried out manually. The top management of BB Limited decided
to change the business environment of BB Limited by using computer systems and computer systems related
technology to carry out all the major business activities of BB Limited.
This business environment of BB Limited, where all the major business activities are done using computer systems
and computers related technology is an example of:
a) Operational Environment
b) Computational Environment
c) Control Environment
d) Automated Environment
a) IT Environment
b) Application Control
c) Access Security
d) IT Dependent Control
3. _________ are manual or automated procedures that typically operate at a business process level and apply to
the processing of individual applications.
a) Application controls
b) General IT controls
c) Process controls
d) All of these
4. _______are the manual controls that make use of some form of data or information or report produced from the
IT systems and applications.
a) Application
b) IT dependent Controls
c) Automated Controls
d) General IT Controls
a) Program change
b) System generated report
c) Application control
d) Configurations
6. Which of the following Audit testing methods is most effective as an audit test and gives the best audit evidence?
a) Inquiry
b) Observation
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c) Inspection
d) Reperformance
a) General IT Controls
b) Application Controls
c) IT dependent Controls
d) None of the above
8. _____________is the combination of processes, tools and techniques that are used to tap vast amounts of
electronic data to obtain meaningful information:-
a) Auditors
b) Directors
c) Employees
d) Regulators
10. When deviations from controls upon which the auditor intends to rely are detected,
a) the auditor shall not make any inquiries to understand these matters and their potential consequences
b) the auditor shall make specific inquiries to understand these matters and their potential consequences
c) the auditor shall make general inquiries to understand these matters and their potential consequences
d) the auditor shall make both general as well as specific inquiries to understand these matters and their
potential consequences
11. As per Section 134 (5)(e) of Companies Act, 2013 in case of listed Companies, the ____________ shall state that
the Directors had laid down Internal financial controls to be followed by the company and that such Internal
financial controls are adequate and were operating effectively.
12. User Training is an activity related to which of the following General IT Controls?
a) To ensure that production systems are processed to meet financial reporting objectives.
b) To ensure that modified systems continue to meet financial reporting objectives
c) To ensure that access to program sand data is authenticated and authorized to meet financial reporting
objectives.
d) To ensure that systems are developed, configured and implemented to meet financial reporting objectives.
14. Which of the following Audit Testing methods give the least audit evidence?
a) Inquiry
b) Inspection
c) Observation
d) Reperformance
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Objective: Ensure that modified systems continue to meet financial reporting objectives.
Activities:
ü Change management process
ü Change Requests – record, manage, track
ü Making & Testing Changes
ü User training
13 c Access Security
Objective: Ensure that access to programs and data is authenticated and authorized to meet financial
reporting objectives.
Activities:
ü Security Organization & Management
ü Security Policies & Procedures
ü Application Security
ü Data Security
ü Operating System Security
ü Network Security
ü Physical Security
14 a Inquiry is most efficient & gives least audit evidence.
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Ch-8 SA 500/501/505/510
SA 500 Audit Evidence
a) Inspection
b) Observation
c) External Confirmation
d) Internal Control
2. In some cases, the absence of information (for example, management’s refusal to provide a requested is used
by the auditor, and therefore, also constitutes _______.
a) Audit documentation
b) Audit Check list
c) Audit evidence
d) Audit procedures
3. As the number of transactions of WY Limited for the financial year 2018- 19 were in very large number, the
auditor of WY Limited decided to use the technique of Audit Sampling. Before selecting the sample from Repair and
Maintenance Expenses, the auditor of WY Limited wished that entire data of Repair and Maintenance Expenses of
WY Limited for financial year 2021-22 should have three characteristics. These three characteristics are:
4. SK Aakash and Associates is a Partnership Firm of Chartered Accountants. Mr. SK, one of the partners of SK
Aakash and Associates, while explaining his audit team members about the importance of audit evidence informed
them about sufficiency and appropriateness of audit evidence. Sufficiency and appropriateness of audit evidence
means:
a) Simplicity
b) Quantity
c) Quality
d) Quantity and Quality both
Ans 1) d 2) c 3) d 4) d 5) b
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M/s JJ & associates having office in Chennai are statutory auditors under Companies Act, 2013 of a company viz. Sweet
Aroma Private Limited engaged in business of obtaining and manufacturing rice from paddy catering to both domestic
as well as international market mainly in Gulf nations. The company has a huge plant capacity for rice extraction in
one of the states in Northern India. Needless to state that inventories are in huge quantity in such type of business
consisting of raw material, work in progress and finished goods.
The auditors want to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding inventories. In above context, answer the
following questions: -
i. Which of the following is most likely correct in relation to obtaining of sufficient appropriate audit evidence
regarding existence and condition of inventory?
a. It is mandatory for the auditor to attend physical inventory counting on the date of financial statements in all
circumstances.
b. Physical inventory counting may be attended by auditor on the date of financial statement or at a date other
than date of financial statements in his discretion mandatorily in all circumstances.
c. The attendance of auditors at physical inventory counting is impracticable due to time and costs involved
because of auditor’s office location vis-à-vis company’s plant location. Hence, attendance at physical inventory
counting may be skipped and alternative audit procedures may be performed to obtain sufficient appropriate
evidence.
d. The auditor shall attend at physical inventory counting unless impracticable. However, issue of time and costs
involved because of auditor’s office location vis-à-vis company’s plant location is not a valid basis for skipping
physical inventory counting.
ii. Below are given certain cluster of matters which are relevant in planning attendance of auditor at physical
inventory counting. Which of the following clusters consists of a likely inappropriate combination?
a. Nature of inventory, timing of physical inventory counting and stages of completion of work in progress
b. Nature of inventory, timing of physical inventory counting and valuation method of inventory
c. Nature of inventory, timing of physical inventory counting, considerations regarding maintenance of a
perpetual inventory system
d. Risks of material misstatements related to inventory, nature of internal control pertaining to inventory,
considerations regarding maintenance of a perpetual inventory system
iii. Which of the following is the most likely logical sequence of steps in relation to attendance at physical inventory
counting by auditor?
a. Observance of performance of management’s count procedures, inspection of inventory, performing test counts
and evaluation of management’s procedures for recording and controlling results of physical inventory counting
b. Observance of performance of management’s count procedures, performing test counts, inspection of inventory
and evaluation of management’s procedures for recording and controlling results of physical inventory counting
c. Performing test counts, inspection of inventory, Observance of performance of management’s count procedures
and evaluation of management’s procedures for recording and controlling results of physical inventory counting
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d. Evaluation of management’s procedures for recording and controlling results of physical inventory counting,
Observance of performance of management’s count procedures, inspection of inventory and performing test
counts
iv. During attendance at physical inventory counting, the auditor inspects inventory. Following outcomes
stated as I, II & III are given below of this inspection procedure: -
Outcome I --- Existence of inventory
Outcome II ---- Ownership of inventory
Outcome III ------ Condition of inventory
v. It was observed by auditors that, out of total rice physically counted on 31st March, 2022 about 67 quintals of
rice belonged to M/s PQR, a proprietary concern which had sent paddy to this company’s plant for extraction of
rice. What would be treatment of this item in financial statements of company?
a. The value of 67 quintals rice would be reflected in company’s financial statements as per method of
valuation adopted by the company.
b. The value of 67 quintals rice would be reflected in company’s financial statements as per method of
valuation adopted by the proprietary concern.
c. The value of 67 quintals rice would not be reflected in company’s financial statements.
d. The value of 67 quintals rice would be reflected in proprietary concern’s financial statements as per method
of valuation adopted by the company.
1. A request that the confirming party respond directly to the auditor only if the confirming party disagrees with
the information provided in the request.
2. Statement 1: A response that indicates a difference between information requested to be confirmed and
information provided by confirming party is Negative Confirmation.
Statement 2: A failure of the confirming party to respond, or fully respond, to a positive confirmation request, or
a confirmation request returned undelivered is exception.
a) Statement 1 is correct
b) Statement 2 is correct
c) Both 1 & 2 are incorrect
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d) Both 1 & 2 are correct
3. Statement 1: Confirmations as well as undelivered letters should be given/ returned to the auditor and not to
the client
Statement 2: When no reply is received w.r.t external confirmations, the auditor should perform alternate
procedures regarding the balances.
Ans 1) c 2) c 3) c
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Ch-9 SA 550/560/570/580
SA 560: Subsequent Events
1. What is proper meaning of term “Date the financial statements are issued” with respect to SA 560?
a) It reflects the date that auditor’s report and audited financial statements are signed by auditor.
b) It reflects the date that auditor’s report and audited financial statements are provided to the entity.
c) It reflects the date that audit is completed and sufficient appropriate audit evidence is obtained.
d) It reflects the date that auditor’s report and audited financial statements are made available to third
parties.
2. Read the situations below carefully from perspective of an auditor. Identify one which is not a “Subsequent
Event”.
a) A pharma company is in business of manufacturing and export of cough syrups. Its Profit before tax for year
2023-24 is Rs. 10 crores. Few Children have died in an African nation by consumption of spurious cough syrup
in September, 2023. The company is trying to settle with foreign government a lumpsum settlement of Rs.20
crore as on 30.6.24 when audit is nearing completion.
b) The draft financial statements of a wholesaler engaged in business of trading of TVs, washing machines and
air-conditioners for year 2023-24 are ready showing a profit before tax of Rs.50 lakhs. A burglary of Rs.1 crore
took place in showroom on 15.7.24 before audit report was signed.
c) Audit report dated 1.7.24 was issued in respect of an entity engaged in extraction of certain minerals. By
legislation, government has banned extraction of such minerals on 10.7.24.
d) An incident of fire took place in a company on 13th August, 2023 resulting in damages to inventories
amounting to Rs.5 crore. The inventories are insured and company has shown this amount as receivable from
insurance company as on 31st March,2024 in its financial statements. No further information is available as
on date of signing audit report on 16.7.24.
1. CA X is nearing completion of audit procedures during course of audit of a company. He has found nothing
unusual till now. The company is earning handsome profits since last many years and there is little debt burden on
it. It is also in process of expanding its business by taking loan from a bank. The bank has also granted “in-principle”
approval for lending money to the company. Which of the following statements is most appropriate in evaluation
of going concern assumption being followed by management?
a) Management
b) Auditors
c) Both management and auditors
d) Regulator
5. Which of the following is not an example of an event or condition that may cast significant doubt on entity’s
ability to continue as a going concern:
6. Following are examples of events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on an entity’s ability to continue
as a going concern. Which of following is an example of operating event/conditions?
7. An entity is not viewed as a going concern. What is its likely impact on recording of inventories in financial
statements?
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8. Potential effects of inherent limitations on an auditor’s ability to detect material misstatements are _________
for conditions that may cause an entity to cease to continue as a going concern.
a) lower
b) greater
c) unchanged
d) undeterminable
1. If the auditor of a company concludes that the written representations are not reliable, what should be
appropriate for him?
a) The auditor shall take appropriate actions including determining the possible effect on the opinion in the
auditor’s report in accordance with SA 705 having regard to the requirement of disclaimer of opinion.
b) The auditor shall take appropriate actions including determining the possible effect on the opinion in the
auditor’s report in accordance with SA 705 having regard to the requirement of adverse opinion.
c) The auditor shall take appropriate actions including determining the possible effect on the opinion in the
auditor’s report in accordance with SA 705 having regard to the requirement of qualified opinion.
d) The auditor shall report the matter to MCA directly.
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d) The fact that management has provided reliable written representations affects the nature or extent of other
audit evidence that the auditor obtains about specific assertions.
3. Which of the following falls within meaning of “Written representations” in accordance with relevant SA?
a) Books of accounts
b) Financial statements
c) Written statements by management
d) Assertions contained in financial statements
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Ch-10 SA 260/265
a) auditor’s responsibility to communicate with those charged with governance in an audit of financial
statements
b) auditor’s responsibility to communicate to those charged with governance deficiencies in internal control
identified by auditor in an audit of financial statements
c) auditor’s responsibility to communicate to those charged with governance deficiencies in internal audit
identified by auditor in an audit of financial statements
d) auditor’s responsibility to communicate with those charged with governance significant matters raised by
auditor in an audit of financial statements
a) may exist even though auditor has not identified misstatements during the audit.
b) cannot exist when auditor has identified any misstatement during the audit.
c) are only dependent on actual occurrence of misstatements.
d) are only dependent on likelihood that a misstatement could occur and the potential magnitude of
misstatement.
3. An effective two-way communication established by auditor with those charged with governance is important
for a number of reasons. Which of following is not one of such reasons?
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Ch-11 Analytical Procedures
1. Auditor Compares Gross Profit Ratio with that of previous year and it is discovered that there has been a fall in
the ratio. This is an example of:
a) Analytical Procedure
b) Test of Controls
c) Walk through Test
d) Audit Sampling
2. What is the primary objective of analytical procedures used in the overall review stage of an audit?
a) To help to corroborate the conclusions drawn from individual components of financial statements
b) reduce specific detection risk
c) To direct attention to potential risk areas
d) To satisfy doubts when questions arise about a client’s ability to continue.
5. Statement1: Analytical procedures are more useful while conducting the audit and at the completion phase and
are of no use at the planning stage.
Statement 2: In the planning stage, audit procedures assist the auditor in understanding the client’s business and
identifying the areas of potential risks.
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Ch-12 Audit Report
1. CA Shubham, during course of audit of accompany, has faced non-cooperation by management with respect to
certain significant matters. As a result, sufficient appropriate evidence could not be obtained by him in many areas
of financial statements. He has decided to disclaim opinion. While drafting audit report, he should take
care________?
2. When the financial statements are prepared in accordance with a compliance framework, the auditor is not
required to evaluate whether the financial statements achieve ________.
a) Reasonable Presentation
b) Fair Presentation
c) Absolute Presentation
d) Presentation
3. The auditor’s report includes a section with a heading “Responsibilities of Management for the Financial
Statements. ”This section of the auditor’s report shall describe management’s responsibility for:
I. Preparing the financial statements in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework.
II. such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements
that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
III. Assessing the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and whether the use of the going concern basis of
accounting is appropriate as well as disclosing, if applicable, matters relating to going concern. The explanation of
management’s responsibility for this assessment shall include a description of when the use of the going concern
basis of accounting is appropriate.
a) I,II
b) II,III
c) I,II,III
d) I,III
4. The auditor shall express _______opinion when the auditor, having obtained sufficient appropriate audit
evidence, concludes that misstatements, individually or in the aggregate, are both material and pervasive to the
financial statements.
a) Adverse
b) Qualified
c) Disclaimer
d) unmodified opinion with key audit matter paragraph.
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a) Lower staff development costs
b) Lower workload
c) Improved service to client
d) Lower attention to common work areas
6. CARO, 2020 requires a company auditor to report on certain specified matters. Where you are likely to locate
such reporting in independent auditor’s report of a company?
a) Title
b) Addressee
c) Audit strategy
d) Auditor’s opinion
8. UDIN (Unique Document Identification Number) is required to be stated by practising Chartered Accountant on:
-
a) Each audit report only
b) Each audit report and each certificate
c) Each audit report issued under Companies Act, 2013 only
d) Each audit report issued under Companies Act, 2013 only and each certificate
9. The description of the auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements shall be included:
I. Within the body of the auditor’s report.
II. Within an appendix to the auditor’s report, in which case the auditor’s report shall include a reference to the
location of the appendix.
III. By a specific reference within the auditor’s report to the location of such a description on a website of an
appropriate authority, where law, regulation or the auditing standards expressly permit the auditor to do so.
a) I,II
b) I,III
c) I,II or III
d) II or III
a) He is unable to obtain audit evidence and concludes that possible effects on financial statements of
undetected misstatements could be material.
b) He is unable to obtain audit evidence and concludes that possible effects on financial statements of
undetected misstatements could be both material and adverse.
c) He is unable to obtain audit evidence and concludes that possible effects on financial statements of
undetected misstatements could be both material and pervasive.
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d) He is unable to obtain audit evidence and concludes that possible effects on financial statements of
undetected misstatements could be both material and perverse.
11. In which of the following circumstances, auditor is not likely to express a modified opinion?
a) Profit before tax of a company is Rs.10 lakhs. The company has charged Rs.15.00 lakhs in machinery repair
account which, in fact, pertains to cost of a machinery.
b) Profit before tax of accompany is Rs.20 lakhs. The company has overstated its inventories by Rs.10000 due to
valuation issues.
c) Profit before tax of a company is Rs.10 lakhs. The company has not made a provision for irrecoverable debts
amounting to Rs.7 lakhs.
d) A company’s accounting records including data on systems, bills, vouchers have all been destroyed during a
devastating fire in its premises on 31.12.22. The company did not have a proper back-up strategy. Therefore,
company rebuilt its account books for first 9 months from information available from bank statements, GST
portal and third parties. The draft financial statements show profit before tax of Rs.50 lakhs.
12. The auditor shall form an opinion on whether the financial statements are prepared, in all material respects, in
accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework, the auditor shall conclude as to whether the auditor
has obtained reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from ___________,
whether due to fraud or error.
a) Material misstatement
b) Material uncertainty
c) Material errors
d) Material ambiguity
13. Which is a reporting requirement for a company auditor under section 143(3) of Companies Act, 2013?
a) Whether transactions of the company which are represented merely by book entries are prejudicial to the
interests of the company
b) Whether any director is disqualified from being appointed as a director under section 164(2)
c) Whether personal expenses have been charged to revenue account
d) Whether loans and advances made by the company have been shown as deposits
a) Basis for opinion is provided in audit report when modification in opinion is made.
b) Basis for opinion is provided in audit report when qualified or adverse opinion is made.
c) Basis for opinion is provided in audit report when disclaimer of opinion is made.
d) Basis for opinion is provided in audit report irrespective of type of opinion made.
a) qualified opinion
b) adverse opinion
c) disclaimer of opinion
d) negative opinion.
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16. If the auditor addresses other reporting responsibilities in the auditor’s report on the financial statements that
are in addition to the auditor’s responsibilities under the SAs, these other reporting responsibilities shall be
addressed in a separate section in the auditor’s report with a heading titled “_________” or otherwise as
appropriate to the content of the section.
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14 d Basis for opinion is provided in audit report irrespective of type of opinion made.
15 d Disclaimer, Adverse & Qualified are different types of modified opinion.
16 b If the auditor addresses other reporting responsibilities in the auditor’s report on the financial
statements that are in addition to the auditor’s responsibilities under the SAs, these other reporting
responsibilities shall be addressed in a separate section in the auditor’s report with a heading titled
“Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements” or otherwise as appropriate to the content of
the section
17 c KAM isn’t a separate opinion on individual matters.
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Ch-13 CARO 2020
1. While reporting under CARO, 2020, it is duty of statutory auditor of company to report: -
a) Fraud of less than ₹ 1 crore committed by officers or employees of company during the year
b) Fraud of less than ₹ 1 crore committed by officers or employees of company during the year
c) Fraud of ₹5 crore or more committed by officers or employees of company during the year
d) Any fraud by the company or on the company noticed or reported during the year
2. BB SK & Co are the auditors of Jinesh Ltd. While auditing the fixed assets of Jinesh Ltd, BB SK & Co verified the
following and made following observations:
Maintanence of proper records showing full particulars of tangible assets, including quantitative details and
situation. Physical verification of the fixed assets All the title deeds of the immovable properties are held in the
name of Jinesh Ltd. Did the auditor missed to undertake any verification of fixed assets as per CARO,2020?
a) I,II
b) I,II,III
c) II,III
d) III
3. As per CARO, 2020, physical verification of inventory has been conducted at reasonable intervals by the
management and whether, in the opinion of the auditor, the coverage and procedure of such verification by the
management is appropriate; whether any discrepancies of ___ or more in the aggregate for each class of inventory
were noticed and if so, whether they have been properly dealt with in the books of account;
a) 5%
b) 10%
c) 1%
d) 20%
5. Under relevant clause of CARO,2020, auditors are required to report the extent of arrears of outstanding
Provident Fund as on the last day of the financial year for a period of :-
a) Exceeding 9 months
b) Exceeding 3 months
c) Exceeding 6 months
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d) Exceeding 12 months
6. CA P is auditor of a manufacturing company. It is also required to maintain cost records and get its cost audit
conducted as per legal requirements. In this respect, which of the following is correct description of reporting under
CARO, 2020?
a) Whether maintenance of cost records is specified under Section 148(1) of Companies Act by Central
government and cost audit is required under relevant provisions of law
b) Whether maintenance of cost records is specified under Section 148(1) of Companies Act by Central
government and cost audit is required under relevant provisions of law. Whether cost audit has been
conducted? If so, date of cost audit report
c) Whether maintenance of cost records is specified under Section 148(1) of Companies Act by Central
government and whether such accounts and records have been so made and maintained
d) Whether maintenance of cost records is specified under Section 148(1) of Companies Act by Central
government and cost audit is required under relevant provisions of law. Whether cost audit has been
conducted? If so, date of cost audit report along with details of adverse remarks, if any in cost audit report
7. Reporting on fraud is made by auditor under which of the following clause of para 3 of CARO, 2020
a) Clause (xi)
b) Clause (xii)
c) Clause (xiii)
d) Clause (xiv)
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Ch-14 Bank Audit
a) 30th April
b) 31st May
c) 30th June
d) 30th September
a) Bank Guarantee
b) Term Loan
c) Staff Advances
d) Bank Overdraft
3. Drawing Power in case of a Consortium advance is computed and allocated to member banks by the
4. The term “Drawing Power” is associated with which of the following facilities as sanctioned by any Bank:-
a) Letter of Credit
b) Term Loan
c) Staff Advances
d) Cash Credit Limit
5. CA Keswani has been conducting bank audits for last more than 5 years. Which of the following statements is
true in context of audit of banks?
a) The transactions observed in course of bank audit are likely to be less complex due to well laid out systems
and procedures.
b) Banks make extensive use of technology and automation leading to complex business environment.
c) Banks make extensive use of technology and automation leading to simplified business environment.
d) Strict vigilance by banking regulator denotes lack of effective internal control system in banks.
a) Impaired
b) sub standard
c) doubtful
d) Loss
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7. Engagement Team Discussions are usually done at which stage of Bank audit?
a) Appointment
b) Developing an Audit Plan
c) Framing an Audit Programme
d) Issuing Audit Report
a) SEBI
b) IRDA
c) RBI
d) ICAI
9. Which of following is not a legal disclosure requirement relating to classification of advances in financial
statements of a bank?
a) Term loans
b) Bills purchased and discounted
c) Cash credits, overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
d) Agricultural loans
10. Which of the following statements is true regarding financial statements of a bank?
a) Financial statements of a bank are to be prepared in accordance with Third Schedule to Banking Regulation
Act, 1949.
b) Financial statements of a bank are to be prepared in accordance with Schedule III of Companies Act, 2013.
c) Financial statements of a bank are to be prepared in accordance with Schedule II of Reserve Bank of India Act,
1934.
d) Financial statements of a bank are to prepared in accordance with format prescribed by Comptroller and
Auditor General of India.
11. Mr. Aakash has availed a Personal Loan for his Boutique of INR 5 lakhs and a Vehicle Loan to purchase an Activa
Scooter for INR 60,000. He is regular in depositing EMI of the Activa Loan but has not made any payments towards
the Personal Loan due to low business during the year. In this case , which of the following facilities should be
categorized as NPA ?
a) Activa Loan
b) Personal Loan
c) Higher of the two
d) Both the Activa Loan & the Personal Loan
12. A Ltd. has been assigned a Cash Credit limit of INR 20 lacs as against its Book Debts furnished as security. What
kind of Security creation is it?
a) Pledge
b) Mortgage
c) Assignment
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d) Set-off
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Ch-15 Govt Audit
2. After a Government expenditure has been incurred and the accounts are closed, the Appropriation Accounts are
prepared which are scrutinised by the
a) CAG
b) President
c) Public Accounts Committee
d) Parliament
3. Article 151 requires that the reports of the C&AG relating to the accounts of the Union/State shall be submitted
to the ________ who shall cause them to be laid before House of Parliament/State Legislature
a) President/Governor
b) Prime Minister/ Chief Minister
c) Union Finance Minister/State Finance Minister
d) Union Cabinet
4. Keswani Limited is a government company. Who has the power to conduct supplementary audit of such a
company under provisions of Companies Act, 2013?
a) ROC
b) Auditor appointed by ROC
c) C & AG of India
d) Statutory auditor of BIDS Limited
5. ________aims at ascertaining that the expenditure incurred has been on the purpose for which the grant and
appropriation had been provided and that the amount of such expenditure does not exceed the appropriation
made.
6. Public enterprises are required to maintain commercial accounts and are generally classified under three
categories. Which of the following is not a category relating to above:
a) departmental enterprises engaged in commercial and trading operations, which are subject to the same laws,
financial and other regulations as other government departments and agencies;
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b) statutory bodies, corporations, created by specific statutes mostly financed by government in the form of
loans, grants, etc.; and
c) government companies set up under the Companies Act,2013.
d) Charitable Trusts.
7. ___________ is conducted to ensure that the various programmes, schemes, and projects where large financial
expenditure have been incurred are run economically and are yielding results expected of them:-
a) Propriety audit
b) Audit against Rules and orders
c) Performance Audit
d) Audit against Provision of funds
8. While conducting the audit of receipts of HAIL Ltd., which of the following area is to be covered as part of Audit
of Receipts?
1. Whether all revenues or other debts due to government have been correctly assessed, realised and credited to
government account by the designated authorities of HAIL Ltd.
2. Whether adequate checks are imposed to ensure the prompt detection and investigation of irregularities, double
refunds, fraudulent or forged refund vouchers or other loss of revenue through fraud or wilful omission or
negligence to levy or collect taxes or to issue refunds.
3. Whether the expenditure incurred has been on the purpose for which the grant and appropriation had been
provided and that the amount of such expenditure does not exceed the appropriation made.
4. Whether the various schemes/projects are executed and their operations conducted economically and whether
they are yielding the results expected of them.
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Ch-16 Audit of Co-op Society
1. In addition to the audit certificate in the prescribed form and various schedules, the auditor of a Co-operative
society in the applicable State has to answer two sets of questionnaires called as
Case Study
Best Tea House is a Co-operative society formed as per the provisions of the Co-operative Societies Act, 1912. It
runs a chain of restaurants serving mainly tea and snacks in Delhi. RAS & Associates, a Chartered Accountant firm,
has been appointed to conduct the statutory audit of the society. None of the partners of the firm, CA R, CA A and
CA S have ever conducted a Co-operative Society audit before and so familiarize themselves with the provisions of
the particular Act governing the society before starting the audit.
During the audit, Best Tea House informs the auditors that they have been in operation for the last five years, and
no audit was required earlier since their turnover had not exceeded the prescribed limit. While examining the books
of account of Best Tea House, RAS & Associates notice that as stated under section 43(h) of the Central Act, certain
rules were framed prescribing the books and accounts to be kept by Best Tea House.
The auditors also understand that according to section 5 of the Central Act, in the case of a society where the liability
of a member of the society is limited, no member of a society other than a registered society can hold such portion
of the share capital of the society as would exceed a maximum of a certain percentage of the total number of shares
or of the value of shareholding to a specified amount.
RAS & Associates were concerned with this provision so as to watch any breach relating to holding of shares. While
examining the loans of Best Tea House, the auditors notice that the society has given a loan to a relative named
Mr. P, of a member of the society, Mr. T, of an amount not exceeding ₹ 1000. RAS & Associates examined the
overdue debts and checked its classification which they are required to report.
During the audit, RAS & Associates notice few transactions for personal profiteering by members of the
management committee, which are ultimately detrimental to the interest of the society. RAS & Associates report
this matter to the required authority to take necessary action.
After the conclusion of the audit, in addition to the audit certificate in the prescribed form and various schedules,
RAS & Associates also answered two sets of questionnaires called audit memos. The auditors also submitted the
audit report in a narrative form addressed to the Chairman of the society which was divided into two parts styled
as part I and part II.
i. According to section 5 of the Central Act, what is maximum percentage of the total number of shares and what is
the maximum value of shareholding that RAS & Associates were concerned with, so as to watch any breach relating
to holding of shares?
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a) Twenty-five percent of the total number of shares or of the value of shareholding upto ₹ 5,000
b) Twenty percent of the total number of shares or of the value of shareholding upto ₹ 5,000
c) Twenty-five percent of the total number of shares or of the value of shareholding upto ₹ 1,000
d) Twenty percent of the total number of shares or of the value of shareholding upto ₹ 1,000
ii. As per Section 29 of the Central Act, Best Tea House cannot give a loan to any person other than:
a) A member and with the special sanction of the Registrar, relatives of the member not exceeding an amount
of ₹ 1000.
b) A member and with the special sanction of the Registrar, another registered society.
c) A member and with the special sanction of the Registrar, relatives of the member.
d) A member and with the special sanction of the Registrar, another registered society not exceeding an amount
of ₹ 1000.
iii. Overdue debts for a period from _____________to_______ and more than _____ were classified and reported
by RAS & Associates.
iv. To whom does RAS & Associates report the few transactions noticed during audit?
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Ch-17 Audit of Different types of Entities
1. While conducting the audit of a local body , the auditor’s areas of audit do not include
a) Budgetary Procedure
b) Expenditure Control
c) Accounting System
d) Dispute Resolution
2. As part of conducting audit of a partnership firm, you are inspecting its partnership deed. Which of the following
clauses is not likely to appear in a partnership deed?
a) CAG
b) Bank
c) Sole Proprietor himself
d) District Administration
a) LLP whose contribution is Rs.20 lacs. Its turnover in immediately preceding financial year is Rs. 1 crore
b) LLP whose contribution is Rs.50 lacs. Its turnover in immediately preceding financial year is Rs. 1 crore.
c) LLP whose contribution is Rs.25 lacs. Its turnover in immediately preceding financial year is Rs. 40 lacs.
d) LLP whose contribution is Rs.1 crore. Its turnover in immediately preceding financial year is Rs. 2 crores.
5. LLP, whose turnover does not exceed ₹ ________ or whose contribution does not exceed ₹ _________, is not
required to get its accounts audited.
a) 40 Lakhs, 25 Lakhs
b) 50 Lakhs, 25 Lakhs
c) 40 Lakhs, 20 Lakhs
d) 60 Lakhs, 30 Lakhs
6. As per Rule 24 of LLP Rules, 2009, Statement of Account and Solvency shall be filed in ____________ with the
____________, within a period of _________________.
a) Form 5, SEBI, 30 days from the end of 3 months of the financial year to which the Statement of Account and
Solvency relates.
b) Form 5, Registrar, 30 days from the end of 6 months of the financial year to which the Statement of Account
and Solvency relates.
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c) Form 8, SEBI, 30 days from the end of 3 months of the financial year to which the Statement of Account and
Solvency relates.
d) Form 8, Registrar, 30 days from the end of 6 months of the financial year to which the Statement of Account
and Solvency relates
7. Every LLP would be required to file annual return in Form with ROC within 60 days of closer of financial year :-
a) Form 11
b) Form 8
c) Form 9
d) Form DPIN
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Ch-18 Audit of Items of F.S.
a) II
b) IV
c) V
d) VII
3. Statement I : A capital reserve can never be utilised for writing down fictitious assets or losses.
Statement II : The amount of securities premium or capital redemption reserve account can be utilised only for the
purposes specified in Sections 52 and 55 of the Companies Act, 2013, respectively.
4. Search for unrecorded liability is performed during audit of current liabilities to address the following balance
sheet assertion:
a) Valuation
b) Rights and obligations
c) Existence
d) Completeness
5. Which of the following item should not be treated as an asset, as per provisions of Accounting Standard 26 :
6. The securities premium account may be applied by the Company for the following purposes:
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7. Direct confirmation procedures are performed during audit of accounts receivable balances to address the
following balance sheet assertion :
9. In preparing financial statements, Company’s management makes implicit or explicit claims (i.e. assertions)
regarding completeness, cut-off, existence/ occurrence, valuation/ measurement, rights and obligations
and______________________ of Assets, Liabilities, Equity, Income, Expenses and Disclosures in accordance with
the applicable accounting standards
10. Which assertion is common among the statement of profit and loss and balance sheet captions:
a) Existence
b) Valuation
c) Completeness
d) Measurement
11. KK Ltd is declared wilful defaulter by State Bank of India. “Wilful defaulter” here means a person or an issuer
who or which is categorized as a wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution (as defined under the Act) or
consortium thereof, in accordance with the guidelines on wilful defaulters issued by:
12. During the course of audit of intangible assets, expenditure incurred during following phase is not capitalised:
a) Development phase
b) Research phase
c) None of the above
d) Both (a) and (b)
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13. _________are charges against profits to provide for known liabilities for which amounts cannot be determined
with accuracy
a) Contingent Liabilities
b) Provision
c) Securities Premium Reserve.
d) Liabilities
14. All inventory units held by the audit entity and that should have been recorded, have been recognized in the
financial statements. The assertion involved is:
a) Existence
b) Completeness
c) Rights and Obligations
d) Valuation
15. Financial statements of a company have been put up for audit before the auditor. On going through financial
statements, he wants to verify some major bills debited in “Machinery repair” account. The purpose of it is to
ensure that bills are entered correctly and their classification is proper. As regards verification of bills debited in
“Machinery repair” account, identify what he intends to perform?
a) Tests of Controls
b) Tests of transactions
c) Tests of balances
d) Risk assessment procedures
16. Jainam Industries Ltd share capital as on 31 March, 2023 and 31 March, 2024 is Rs. 50,00,000. The same was
seen from the balance sheet presented by the Management. The auditor should seek a written confirmation
/representation from _________ that there were no changes to entity’s capital structure during the year.
17. Which of the following is not correct with respect to the inventory held by a Company, ABC Limited, in its
Balance Sheet :-
a) All inventory units held by the company should have been recorded and recognized in the financial
statements.
b) Any inventory held by a third party on behalf of the company should not be included as part of the inventory
balance.
c) Inventory should be recognized at cost or net realizable value whichever is lower.
d) Inventory balance as at the year end does not include any element of next year
18. Where no reply is received during the performance of direct confirmation procedures as part of audit of
accounts receivable balances, the auditor should perform:
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a) No additional testing
b) Additional testing including subsequent collections testing and agreeing the detail of the respective balance
to the customer’s remittance advice.
c) Additional testing including preparing a detailed analysis of the balance, ensuring it consists of identifiable
transactions and confirming that these revenue transactions actually occurred.
d) Both (b) and (c)
19. Cut-off testing is performed during audit of sales to address the following assertion:
a) Occurrence
b) Measurement
c) Cut-off
d) All of the above
20. During the audit of sales, the auditor found that recorded sales represent goods which were ordered by valid
customers and were dispatched and invoiced in the period. The auditor is addressing which of the following
assertion:
a) Occurrence
b) Measurement
c) Cut-off
d) Accuracy
21. _________is a possible obligation that arises from the past events and whose existence will be confirmed only
by the occurrence/ non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the
entity:-
a) Provision
b) Reserve
c) Contingent Liability
d) Liability
23 CA Muskan Mishra is auditor of two concerns viz. Well Star Homes and Well Star Stores. The partners in both
the firms are common. While auditing financial statements of Well Star Homes, she has noticed that few
expenditure bills pertaining to Well Star Stores have been entered in its books. Which assertion of Well Star Homes
is disproved in above situation?
a) Completeness
b) Accuracy
c) Occurrence
d) Classification.
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24. Sec. 52 of the Companies Act states that Security Premium Account can be applied by the Company for one of
the purpose mentioned below. Which of the following is a CORRECT option?
25. Observing inventory being counted and personally performing test counts to verify counts is performed during
audit of inventory balances to address the following balance sheet assertion:
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Miscellaneous Case Study
1. Moon Group of companies is a retail chain involved in the selling of daily consumer needs directly to the
customer. They are in the process of appointing an audit firm for the audit of their accounts for the financial year
2021-22. Moon Group is a South Indian based consumer store having a total of 16 outlets across 4 cities in South
India. Sumant & Co. is appointed as the principal auditor for the entire group. Companies Act 2013 prescribes in
detail the terms of this audit engagement. Further, there are many branch auditors appointed for the outlets in the
other cities.
The company also has an internal audit function conducted on quarterly basis by Ram & Co. Following are the
observations during the course of the statutory audit:
(a) One of the discounts offered by the store is in the form of payback cards where reward points are accumulated
and the customer can redeem the same on subsequent purchase. The management and internal auditors are of the
opinion that the points redeemed are to be treated as trade discount. The external auditors are doubtful on the
matter.
(b) One of the outlet in Chennai region is in the verge of getting closed and is only left with low value stock to be
cleared before closure. During the year, the sales were only around ₹ 1,40,000/- and the auditor considers this
component immaterial. All other outlets are performing well with good revenue share.
(c) The gratuity valuation of the employees of the retail chain is done by an external valuer. The auditor, considering
the quantum involved appoints an external auditor’s expert for the verification of the actuarial calculation of
gratuity.
From the above facts, answer the following questions by choosing the correct answer:
1. As per SA 210 – Agreeing the Terms of Audit Engagement, which of the following statement is correct?
a) Though law prescribes in sufficient detail the terms of the audit engagement, the auditor still needs to record
them in a written agreement and also seek written agreement from management that it acknowledges and
understands that it has responsibility for the preparation of financial statements.
b) Since law prescribes in sufficient detail the terms of the audit engagement, the auditor need not record them
in a written agreement except for the fact that law or regulation applies and also seek written agreement
from management that it acknowledges and understands that it has responsibility for the preparation of
financial statements.
c) The auditor has to take an extract of the law prescribing the details of the terms of the audit engagement and
obtain the counter signature of the management in it.
d) Though law prescribes in sufficient detail the terms of the audit engagement, the auditor still needs to record
them in a written agreement, however it need not seek written agreement from management that it
acknowledges and understands that it has responsibility for the preparation of financial statements.
2. With respect to the treatment of discount on redemption of points in payback card, what should be the action
of the external auditor?
a) The auditor can place reliance and go by the opinion of the branch auditor and internal auditor as they have
only done a thorough and detailed audit of the accounts
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b) The auditor can place reliance on the management’s accounting policy as prima facie they are only responsible
for preparation of financial statements.
c) The external auditor has sole responsibility for the audit opinion expressed and hence he should perform
procedures to satisfy himself on the correct treatment and issue opinion accordingly.
d) The auditor can advise management on correct treatment but cannot qualify his opinion as branch auditor’s
opinion has higher authority than external auditor’s opinion.
Question - 3 : What is the main objective of the external auditor, when he uses the work of the internal audit
function of Ram & Co.?
a) To determine as to which areas, what extent the work can be used and whether that work is adequate for the
purposes of the audit.
b) To appropriately direct, supervise and review the work of the internal audit function
c) Review the internal audit report and audit the areas not covered by the internal audit function
d) Enquire from management on the special points that arose during internal audit and follow up on the course
of action on those points.
iv. The external auditor finds that the branch auditor of the outlet in the Chennai region, which is in the verge of
closing down, is audited by an auditor who is not a member of the Institute of Chartered accountants of India. What
should the external auditor do?
a) Since the professional competence of the auditor is in question, the external auditor should himself visit the
premise and audit the accounts.
b) Since the financial statement of the component is immaterial, the provisions of SA 600 do not apply.
c) The auditor can rely on the financial statements of that component by obtaining written representation from
management that the branch auditor is otherwise well qualified.
d) Since the professional competence of the auditor is in question, the external auditor should co-ordinate with
the branch auditor and call for the books of accounts and other explanations.
v. Which of these is not a factor affecting the external auditor’s evaluation of the objectivity of the internal audit
function?
a) Whether the organizational status of the internal audit function supports the ability of the function to be free
from bias, conflict of interest or undue influence of others to override professional judgment.
b) Whether the internal audit function is free of any conflicting responsibilities.
c) Whether the internal auditors have adequate technical training and proficiency in auditing.
d) Whether those charged with governance oversee employment decisions related to internal audit function.
2. DS & Co., Chartered Accountants, are statutory auditors of SAR Industries Pvt Ltd, a company engaged in
manufacturing business since 2018. The company is operating from rented premises and it does not have building
of its own. It had upgraded its machinery last time in 2020. Except interest in this company, promoters, directors,
key managerial persons and their relatives do not have interest or ownership in any other entity. Also, the company
does not enter into any business dealings with promoters, directors, key managerial persons and their relatives.
The directors and key managerial persons get only reasonable remuneration from the company. Though company
has an internal control system in place, it has not appointed internal auditor. It is also not mandatorily required to
make such an appointment under the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.
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DS & Co. have accepted audit of the above company for year 2022-23 for the first time. Promoters and directors of
the company are known to engagement partner only socially for quite some time. However, it is for the first time
that any type of professional work related to this company has been accepted by them.
While formulating audit plan for the company, CA D (engagement partner) has planned certain risk assessment
procedures and further audit procedures consisting of tests of controls and substantive procedures in relation to
different areas.
The following is extract of financial information of the company: - (figures in rupees crores)
The PPE items consist of machinery only. While planning procedures in respect of Property, Plant and Equipment,
auditor has included audit procedures like inspecting and reviewing company’s plan for performing physical
verification of PPE, assessing depreciation method used, verifying cost of PPE items acquired during the year with
purchase bills and recalculation of depreciation charged in statement of profit and loss.
Further, while performing risk assessment procedures to identify risk of material misstatements in financial
statements., engagement partner has come to notice that there is considerable variation in gross profit ratio as
compared to last year. During performance of substantive procedures, he has also studied data of purchases and
sales of the company during the year under audit and has also compared such data with preceding year and earlier
years also.
i) Keeping in view description provided in the case scenario, which of the following statements is likely to be most
appropriate?
a) Engagement partner is known socially to promoters and directors of the company. The situation mandatorily
involves advocacy threat casting a doubt on auditor’s independence. Irrespective of this, detection risk in
engagement is low.
b) Engagement partner is known socially to promoters and directors of the company. The situation mandatorily
involves familiarity threat casting a doubt on auditor’s independence. Irrespective of this, detection risk in
engagement is high.
c) The situation reflected in the case scenario may not constitute threat to independence of auditor. Irrespective
of this, detection risk in engagement is low.
d) The situation reflected in the case scenario may not constitute threat to independence of auditor. Irrespective
of this, detection risk in engagement is high.
ii) CA D has included in audit plan certain procedures in respect of PPE items. Which of the following audit procedure
included in audit plan is not likely to be relevant?
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a) Inspecting and reviewing company’s plan for physical verification of PPE
b) Assessing depreciation method used
c) Verifying cost of PPE items acquired during the year with purchase bills
d) Recalculation of depreciation charged in statement of profit and loss
iii) Which of the following statements is likely to be most suitable to explain the fact relating to variation in gross
profit ratio as compared to last year?
a) Gross profit ratio has decreased in year 2022-23 as compared to year 2021-22. It may be due to the reason
that sales prices may have been reduced by the company to procure more orders.
b) Gross profit ratio has increased in year 2022-23 as compared to year 2021-22. It may be due to the reason
that cost of materials purchased by company could have decreased.
c) Gross profit ratio has decreased in year 2022-23 as compared to year 2021-22. It may be due to the reason
that office staff salary engaged in administrative functions and office maintenance expenditure could have
increased.
d) Gross profit ratio has decreased in year 2022-23 as compared to year 2021-22. It may be due to the reason
that company has not made an allowance for obsolescence in respect of inventories during the year.
iv) CA D has also studied purchases and sales data of the company during the year and has also compared such data
with preceding year and earlier years also. It is an example of __________?
v) Considering case scenario in totality, identify which of following combination of Standards is not proper for their
likely relevance in performing and completing above engagement?
3. CA M. Raja has accepted offer of appointment of auditor of an entity. As business carried on by the entity is new
to him, he wants to gain an understanding about the entity and its environment including its internal control. In
this regard, he has performed procedures to obtain audit evidence about design and implementation of relevant
controls. He has performed various procedures like inquiry, inspection and observation in this regard. He wants
reasonable assurance that accounting system is adequate and that all accounting information which should be
recorded has, in fact, been recorded.
i) The auditor has performed procedures to obtain audit evidence about design and implementation of controls.
Which of the following procedures is more reliable to obtain audit evidence relating to application of a control?
ii) Examination and evaluation of internal control is indispensable for CA M. Raja. It provides him necessary comfort
relating to completeness of accounting information. However, review of internal controls of the entity will not
enable him to know__________________
a) whether errors or frauds are likely to be located in ordinary course of operations of business
b) whether an effective internal audit department is operating
c) whether his opinion needs modification
d) whether any administrative control has bearing on his work
iii) As regards weaknesses identified by the auditor in control system, which of the following represent(s) significant
deficiencies in internal control?
a) Not performing bank reconciliation timely and not verifying wage sheets by responsible official only
b) Not performing bank reconciliation timely and lack of proper sequence in purchase orders only
c) Not performing bank reconciliation timely, lack of proper sequence in purchase orders, not verifying wage
sheets by responsible official and lack of insurance for cash in transit
d) Lack of insurance for cash in transit only
iv) Which of the following is most appropriate regarding auditor’s responsibility in accordance with SA 265?
Ans 1) a 2) c 3) c 4) d
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