Disusun oleh :

Nama : Ananda Clarissa Zahra Putri

Nim : 22.21.035
Dosen pengampu : Firdaus M.Pd.,B.I
Mata Kuliah : Bahasa Inggris II
Materi : articles on all English material semester 2

Easy English Grammar

English is one of the foreign languages which is still studied from elementary school to
university.This is an international language or a global language that is widely used in various
countries in the world as a tool for communicating across countries.To make it easier for students
to learn English,especially in learning the 16 tenses,easy English grammar provides tips for
learning the 16 tenses without memorizing,namely by looking at the modification petterns of the
6 basic tenses including : Simple Present Tense, Simple Past Tense, Simple Perect Tanse, Simple
Past Perfect Tense, Simple Future Tense dan Simple Past Future Tense.
A. Sentence
Sentence is a combination of several words consisting of a subject and a predicate or SPOK
( subject,predicate,object,and adverb) which has a specific meaning or significance.Tenses is a
sentence that shows when an event or activity occurs which is carried out by the perpetrator.
Sentences have two forms in tenses,namely :
 Tenses sentence is a sentence that in its formation uses a verb,example : She studies
psikology at Indonesia university.
 Normal sentence is a sentence which in it’s formation does not use nouns,adjective and
adverbs,example : Julian is a nice boy.
There are six main tenses of them : Simple present tense,simple past tenses,simple perfect
tenses,simple past perfect tense,simple future tense and past future tenses.
Simple present tense
The simple present tense sentence is a sentence that tells an event that occurs when
the actor is carrying out an anctivity at the present time.
The time information used includes : every day, every week, every month and etc.In
addition,simple present tense sentences also tell an event or truth in general (General
truth),example of simple present tense sentences in negative and positive forms occur with
the omission of the ending es/s after the first from of the verb,like goes becomes go,cooks
becomes cook and rises becomes rise.This happens because there is already a helping
verb,namely DOES.
Formula

(+) S+V1(es/s)+O+C
(-) S+do/does+not+V1+O+C
(?)Do/Does+S+V1+O+C

Example
(+)Sky cooks a noodle for his brother.
(--)Sky does not cook a noodle for his brother.
(?)Does Sky cook a noodle for his brother?
Simple Present Continuous Tense
a verb tense which is used to show that an ongoing action is happening now,
either at the moment of speech or now in a larger sense. The present continuous can also
be used to show that an action is going to take place in the near future.
This tenses shows a situation or event where the subject is carrying out an on going
activity at the time of speaking or being discussed at the present time and at a certain
time.
Formula
(+)S+to be (am,is,are )+Ving+O+C
(--)S+to be(am,is,are)+not+Ving+O+C
(?)To be(am, is, dan are)+S+Ving+O+C

Example :
(+) Julian is watching a movie at this time.
(--) Julian is not watching a movie at this time.
(?) Is Julian watching a movie at this time?

Simple past tense

A sentences that tells an event that has passed or has occurred in the past. For
regular verbs, simple past tense is expressed by adding '-ed' to the simple present form of
the verb, such as 'walked' in place of 'walk.

Formula

(+)S+V2+O+C
(--)S+did+not+V1+O+C
(?)Did+S+V1+O+C
Example :
(+) Rachel ate a steak last dinner
(--) Rachel did not eat a steak last dinner
(?) Did Rachel eat a steak last dinner?

Simple past continuous tense

Is a sentence that tells an event that is happening or is talking place in the past or
the past.In this sentence must mention past tense,such as : yesterday, last night, ago, last
week, last month,last year and etc.The verb used is a verb-ing,such as : eat+ing=eating
drive+ing=driving, sit+ sitting , walk+ing=walking, cook+ing=cooking,
work+ing=working, close+ing=closing and etc.

Formula
(+)S+to be (was/were)+V-ing+O+C
(--)S+to be(was/were)+not+V-ing+O+C
(?)To be(was/were)+S+V-ing+O+C

Example :
(+)They were singing a song together in the class when I came yesterday.
(--)They were not/weren’t singing a song together in the class when I came
yesterday.
(?)Were they singing a song together in the class when I came yesterday?

Simple perfect tense

The present perfect simple tense is used to. Describe actions that occurred in the past but
are still relevant to the present.In this tense there is no change in the form of the verb
either in the positive,negative,interrogative,but the 3rd verb or past participle.

Formula
(+)S+have/has+ V3+O+C
(--)S+have/has+not+V3+O+C
(?)Have/Has+S+V3+O+C

Example
(+) They have gone
(-) They have not gone
(?) Have they gone?

Simple Perfect Continuous Tense

The formula for the present perfect continuous tense is has/have been + [present
participle (root form of verb + -ing).describes an event or activity that has been going on
for a certain period of time but will continue in the future.In this tense there is no change
in the form of the verb either in the form of positive,negative,and interrogative
sentences,it remains in the verb-ing form.

Formula
(+) S+have/has+been+ Ving+O+C
(-) S+have/has+not+been+Ving+O+C
(?)Have/Has+S+been+Ving+O+C

Example
(+) The black car has been jumping to the river when I seen it
(--)The black car has not been jumping to the river when I seen it
(?) Has the black car been jumping to the river when you seen it?

Simple Past Perfect Tense

This tenses does not change the form of the verb in the form of
positive,negative,and interrogative sentences,it remains in the 3rd verb form,especially if
you meet a non-regular verb form,such as ; go-went-gone dan drive-drove-driven.

Formula
(+) S+had+ V3+O+C
(-) S+had+not+V3+O+C
(?) Had+S+V3+O+C

Example
(+) Mr.Ethan had gone to Japan yesterday.
(-) Mr.Ethan had gone to Japan yesterday.
(?) Had Mr.Ethan gone to Japan yesterday?

Simple Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Sentences using the simple past perfect continuous tense describe an event or
activity that was already happening in the past.In this tense there is no change in the form
of the verb either in the form of positive,negative,and interrogative sentences,it remains
in the verb-ing form.

Formula
(+) S+had+been+ Ving+O+C
(-) S+had +not+been+Ving+O+C
(?) Had+S+been+Ving+O+C

Example
(+) The girl had been crying when I seen her last night
(--) The girl had been crying when I seen her last night
(?) The girl had been crying when I seen her last night?
Simple Future Tense
Is a tenses that tells an event that will occur in the future.This tenses is an activity
or activity that will be carried out by the subject at a certain time in the future.But it’s still
not certain whether it can happen or not,depending on the development of the
perpetrator’s time so that it will have an effect on the events that will be carried out by
the perpetrator in the future.

Formula
(+) S+will/shall+ V1+O+C
(-) S+will/shall+not+V1+O+C
(?)Will/Shall+S+V1+O+C

Example
(+) Ansel will perform at Tokyodome tomorrow
(-) Ansel will not perform at Tokyodome tomorrow
(?) will Ansel perform at Tokyodome tomorrow?

Simple future tense by using be going to

Be going to,be sides having the same meaning as going to,to be going to also
describes an event that has not yet happened,but will probably happen in the future at a
certain time.

Formula
(+) S+ be going to + V1+O+C
(-) S+ be going to +not+V1+O+C
(?) be + S+ going to +V1+O+C

Example
(+) We are going to your house for study together at tomorrow morning
(-) We are not going to your house for study together at tomorrow morning
(?) Are they going to your home for study together at tomorrow morning?

Simple Future Continuous Tense

is generally used to represent an event or action that is happening at a certain
point in time in the future. The tense is also called the future progressive tense, as it
denotes an action or event that is progressing or continuing at a particular time in the
future.

Formula
(+) S+will/shall+be+ Ving+O+C
(-) S+will/shall+not+beVing+O+C
(?)Will/Shall+S+be+Ving+O+C
Example
(+) Sebastian will be conveying a lesson when you meet him tomorrow morning
(--) Sebastian will not be conveying a lesson when you meet him tomorrow morning
(?) Will Sebastian be conveying a lesson when I meet him tomorrow morning?

Simple Future Perfect Tense

This sentence is used to express an event that has been completed in the future or
will come when another event occurs.

Formula
(+) S+will/shall+ have/has+V3+O+C
(-) S+will/shall+not+ have/has+V3+O+C
(?)Will/Shall+S+ have/has+V3+O+C
Example
(+) Sena will has slept if you call her tonight
(--) Sena will not has slept if you call her tonight
(?) Will Sena has slept if I call her tonight?

Simple Future Perfect Continuous Tense

is used to describe events and actions that would have taken place or will have
taken place under certain conditions and circumstances. Future continuous tense talks
about events that will occur in the future at a certain period of time.

Formula
(+) S+will/shall+ have/has+been+Ving+O+C
(-)S+will/shall+ have/has+not+been+Ving+O+C
(?)Will/Shall+S+ have/has+been+Ving+O+C

Example
(+) Next week,Lentera and Sky will have been going to Agaam when we give them a
present
(--)Next week,Lentera and Sky will not have been going to Agaam when we give them a
Present
(?)Next week, will Lentera and Sky have been going to Agaam when we give them a
present?

Simple Past Future Tense

Tell or describes an activity or event that should have happened in the past if
certain influences were in the past.These tenses are often also known as conditional
sentences or suppositions (If).

Formula
(+) S+would/should+ V1+O+C
 (-) S+ would/should +not+V1+O+C
(?)Would/should +S+V1+O+C

Example
(+) Nanda should buy a ticket Enhypen concert if he has enough money last week ago
(--) Nanda should not buy a ticket Enhypen concert if he has enough money last week
ago
(?) Should Nanda buy a ticket Enhypen concert if he has enough money last week ago?

Simple Past Future Continuous Tense

Formed with the auxiliarylee verb “should” and “would”,is the past from of shall
or will,of which shall and will are auxiliary which can be used in the simple future tenses.

Formula
(+) S+would/should+be+ Ving+O+C
(-) S+ would/should +not+beVing+O+C
(?)Would/Should +S+be+Ving+O+C

Example
(+) I should be performing in my concert if I have no problem with my voice at
02 PM last week ago
(--)I should not be performing in my concert if I have a problem with my voice 02
PM last week ago
(?) Should you be performing in your concert if you have a problem with your
voice at 02 PM last week ago?

Simple Past Future Perfect Tense

This tense is used to express an action or event that should have been completed
or would have occurred in the past.

Formula
(+)S+would/should+ have +V3+O+C
(-)S+would/should+ have +V3+O+C
(?)Would/Should +S+ have +V3+O+C

Example
(+)We would be playing basketball if they inform us last week ago.
(--)We would not be playing basketball if they did not/didn’t inform us last week ago.
(?)Would we be playing basketball if they inform us last week ago?

Simple Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

This tense is used to express an action or event that should have been talking place in
the past.
 Formula
(+) S+ would/should+ have/has+been+Ving+O+C
(-)S+ would/should+ have/has+not+been+Ving+O+C
(?)Would/Should +S+have/has+been+Ving+O+C

Example
(+)Last anniversary, I should have been enjoying at your party
(--)Last anniversary, I should not have been enjoying at your party
(?)Last anniversary, should you have been enjoying at my party?

B. AUXILIARIES
Auxiliary Verb is a helping verb to support the verb do by the subject
(Auxiliary Verb)is an auxiliary verb to support a verb that is carried out by the
subject or actor.Auxiliary verbs function to provide additional meaning to a clause
or sentence.
a) Can and Could
Auxiliary can used to express skill or ability (learned and physical
ability).
Auxiliary could is the past form of can which has the same function as
can but could is usually more formal and polite when offering or
asking for help from other.
b) Will and Would
Auxiliary will is used to express a wish or paln that will be carried out
in the future.
Auxiliary would is the past from of will which has the same function
as will but will is usually more formal and polite when offering or
asking for help from other.
c) Shall and Should
Auxiliary shall used to express a wish or plan to be carried out in the
future but this expression is more formal and polite or can also be used
to ask or give a suggestion.
Auxiliary should used to express the hope of the speaker (expectation
of the speaker), (advisability),and (obligation).
d) May and Might
Is used to ask permission,offer help or suggest a possibility.
e) Must and Have To =Had To
Is used to show a necessity (an activity that must be done or an
important activity that is a priority to be done first at a certain time).
f) Had better
Used to give a suggestion to the other person.
g) Ought to
Used to show a recommendation or suggestion.
h) To be able to
 Is the infinitive form of beautiful used to express skill or ability.
(learned and physical ability).

C. TO INFINITIVE
Is the root word after to in English,for example : to see,to go,to watch,to
make,etc.
A. Adjective
Arion was sad to know that
B. After word a How, What, When, Where, dan Which
I don’t remember where to meet my client.
C. After word The first, The second, The last, dan The only
Mrs.Michella is often the first to come and the last to leave the
office.
D. After word noun
Would you like something to eat, Sir?
E. After word too and enough
He is old enough to get married.
F. In the exclamatory sentence
How interesting to speak with her!
G. Infinitive as the subject of the sentence
To know the issue is very important.
H. Infinitive after the object pronoun (me,you, him, her, us, and
them).
Noah invites her to come on time.
I. Infinitive,sequential use in sentences
Arcy wants to start to do it right now.
J. Infinitive in negative from
She relized not to expect to much.
K. Prograssive Infinitive
She appears to be wating for some one.

D. NOUNS
Noun is a word used to indentify or to name for the persons, thing, idea or
place.So the notionof a noun can be interpreted as a word used to name a
person,thing,idea or place.
1. Kinds of Nouns
a. Concrete Nouns
is a thing that you can touch, feel and see.
b. Abstact Nouns
Abstac Nouns is a thing that you can’t touch, feel and see.
c. Common Nouns
is a word to show the name of persons, animal, things, and places in
general or public.
d. Proper Nouns
 is a noun to ekspress that specific persons, place or things. Usually it
begins with capital letter.
e. Material Nouns
is a noun refers to a material or substance from which things are made.
f. Collective Nouns
is a word used to named group of persons, places or things but still in one
unit or oneness.
g. Compound Nouns
is a word used to named of compounding two nouns that has new or
different meaning.

E. Pronouns
Means a pronoun that is used to replace the position of a noun that has
generally been mentioned first in a sentence.
1. This is a screw – It is on the cupboard
2. These are clothes – they are on the wardrobe
3. Zello has a pet – she likes it
4. The bikes is so wonderful ---it must be expensive
5. I will take a picture – it will be nice documentation for me

A. The kinds of pronouns

Based on the from and function pronouns can be divided into groups including :
 Personal Pronouns (kata ganti orang)
 Posessive Pronouns (kata ganti pemilik)
 Self Pronouns (kata ganti mandiri)
 Demonstrative Pronouns (kata ganti penunjuk)
 Intrrogative Pronouns (kata ganti penanya)
 Relative Pronouns (kata ganti penghubung)