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    Notes Our Country and New Empires and Kingdoms

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    Shaik Md Shoaib Anas 5A (Shoaib Anas)
    The chapter discusses new empires and kingdoms that arose in India during this period. It describes the administrative and military structures of these new kingdoms. The kings maintained organized armies with different types of forces. Powerful military leaders called samantas provided troops to the kings and were granted land in return. New administrative positions also became hereditary during this time. The chapter then provides examples of specific rulers, including Samudragupta and Harshavardhana, and their treatment of other kings and conquests.

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    Notes Our Country and New Empires and Kingdoms

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    Shaik Md Shoaib Anas 5A (Shoaib Anas)
    15 views3 pages
    The chapter discusses new empires and kingdoms that arose in India during this period. It describes the administrative and military structures of these new kingdoms. The kings maintained organized armies with different types of forces. Powerful military leaders called samantas provided troops to the kings and were granted land in return. New administrative positions also became hereditary during this time. The chapter then provides examples of specific rulers, including Samudragupta and Harshavardhana, and their treatment of other kings and conquests.

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    Notes Our country and New empires and kingdoms

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    The chapter discusses new empires and kingdoms that arose in India during this period. It describes the administrative and military structures of these new kingdoms. The kings maintained organized armies with different types of forces. Powerful military leaders called samantas provided troops to the kings and were granted land in return. New administrative positions also became hereditary during this time. The chapter then provides examples of specific rulers, including Samudragupta and Harshavardhana, and their treatment of other kings and conquests.

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    15 views3 pages

    Notes Our Country and New Empires and Kingdoms

    Uploaded by

    Shaik Md Shoaib Anas 5A (Shoaib Anas)
    The chapter discusses new empires and kingdoms that arose in India during this period. It describes the administrative and military structures of these new kingdoms. The kings maintained organized armies with different types of forces. Powerful military leaders called samantas provided troops to the kings and were granted land in return. New administrative positions also became hereditary during this time. The chapter then provides examples of specific rulers, including Samudragupta and Harshavardhana, and their treatment of other kings and conquests.

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    Chapter 10- NEW EMPIRES AND KINGDOMS

    New Words
    1. Prashasti- A poem composed by the court poet in praise of the ruler
    2 Genealogy- A record or account of the ancestry and descent of a person, family, group,
    etc.
    3. Sabha- An assembly of Brahmin landowners

    Question & Answer


    Q1. What changes do you find in the army at this time?
    Ans.
    • Like earlier rulers, some of these kings maintained a well-organized army, with
    elephants, chariots, cavalry, and foot soldiers.
    • Besides, there were military leaders who provided the king with troops whenever
    he needed them. They were not paid regular salaries.
    • Instead, some of them received grants of land.
    • They collected revenue from the land and used this to maintain soldiers and
    horses and provide equipment for warfare.
    • These men were known as samantas.
    Q2. What were the new administrative arrangements
    during this period? Ans.
    Kings adopted a number of steps to win the support of men
    who were powerful, either economically, or socially, or
    because of their political and military strength.
    • Some important administrative posts were now hereditary.
    • Sometimes, one person held many offices.
    • Besides, important men probably had a say in local administration.

    Extra Questions
    Q1. What was the difference between the way in which Samudragupta treated the
    rulers of Aryavarta and Dakshinapatha?
    Ans. Samudragupta’s treatment towards the rulers of Aryavarta was very strict.
    • The nine rulers of Aryavarta were uprooted, and their kingdoms were made a part
    of Samudragupta’s empire.
    • His treatment towards the rulers of Dakshinapatha was just the opposite.
    • The twelve rulers of Dakshinapatha surrendered to Samudragupta after being
    defeated and he then allowed them to rule again.
    Q2. Describe the main event of Harshavardhana’s career.
    Ans. Harshavardhana ruled nearly 1400
    years ago.
    • Banabhatta’s Harshacharita written in Sanskrit and Xuan Zang’s account are the
    two main sources which provide information about Harshavardhan.
    • Harsha became king of Thaneswar after both his father and elder brother died.
    • Harsha took over the kingdom of Kannauj after his brother –in-law was killed by
    the ruler of Bengal.
    • He then led an army against the ruler of Bengal.
    • He was successful in the east, and conquered both Magadha and Bengal.
    • When he tried to cross the Narmada to march into the Deccan, he was stopped by
    a ruler belonging to the Chalukya dynasty, Pulakeshin II.

    Q3. Write a short note on Pulakesin II’s achievements.


    Ans. The best-known Chalukya ruler was Pulakeshin II.
    • We know about him from a prashasti, composed by his court poet Ravikirti.
    • According to Ravikirti, he led expeditions along both the west and the east coasts.
    • Besides, he checked the advance of Harsha.
    • Pulakeshin also attacked the Pallava king, who took shelter behind the walls of
    Kanchipuram.

    Chapter7-OUR COUNTRY - INDIA


    New Words
    Peninsula - A piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides
    Delta- A triangular-shaped area of land formed at the mouth of a river
    Question & Answer
    Q1. Why do a large number of people live in the Northern plains?
    Ans.
    The Northern Indian plains lie to the south of the Himalayas.
    They are generally level and flat.
    These are formed by the alluvial deposits laid down by the rivers– the Indus, the Ganga,
    the Brahmaputra, and their tributaries.
    These river plains provide fertile land for cultivation.
    That is the reason for a high concentration of population in these plains
    Q2. Why is Lakshadweep known as a coral island?
    Ans. Lakshadweep Island is known as a coral island because it is made up of coral, which
    are skeletons of tiny marine animals called polyps. When the living polyps die, other
    polyps grow on top of their hard skeletons. They grow higher and higher and thus form
    coral islands.

    Extra Questions
    Q1. Discuss the political and administrative divisions of India. (Pg49) Ans.
    India is a vast country.
    For administrative purposes, the country is divided into 28 States and 7 Union Territories.
    Delhi is the national capital.
    The states have been formed mainly on the basis of languages.
    Rajasthan is the largest state and Goa is the smallest state in terms of area. The states are
    further divided into districts.

    Q2. Write a short note on the coastal plains of India. (Pg51)


    Ans.
    To the West of the Western Ghats and the East of Eastern Ghats lie the Coastal plains.
    The western coastal plains are very narrow.
    The eastern Coastal plains are much broader.
    There are a number of east-flowing rivers.

    Q3.Describe the geographical extent of India. (Pg47) Ans.


    (Pg47) Ans.
    India has an area of about 3.28 million sq. km.
    The north-south extent from Kashmir to Kanyakumari is about 3,200 km.
    And the east-west extent from Arunachal Pradesh to Kutch is about 2,900 km.
    The lofty mountains, the Great Indian Desert, the Northern Plains, the uneven plateau
    surface and the coasts and islands present a diversity of landforms.

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