EIA Annual Energy Review 2010

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Annual Energy Review 2010

The Annual Energy Review (AER) is the U.S. Energy Information Administration's
(EIA) primary report of annual historical energy statistics. For many series, data
begin with the year 1949. Included are statistics on total energy production,
consumption, trade, and energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal,
electricity, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and international energy; financial
and environment indicators; and data unit conversions.
Publication of this report is required under Public Law 9591 (Department of
Energy Organization Act), Section 205(c), and is in keeping with responsibilities
given to the EIA under Section 205(a)(2), which states:
The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central,
comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program
which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data
and information....
The AER is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies,
energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers
regarding the content of the AER and other EIA publications.
Important Notes About the Data

Data Displayed: For tables beginning in 1949, some early years (usually
1951-1954, 1956-1959, 1961-1964, and 1966-1969) are not shown on the tables in
the printed report or the Portable Document Format (PDF) files; however, all years
of data are shown in the Excel formats and the HyperText Markup Language
(HTML) files.
Comprehensive Changes: Most AER 2010 tables and figures carry a
new year of data (usually 2010), which are often preliminary and likely to be
revised next year, and revisions to much of the 2009 data, which are now final in
many cases.
Monthly Data: The emphasis of the AER is on long-term trends. Analysts
may wish to use the data in this report in conjunction with EIAs monthly releases
that offer updates to the most recent years data. In particular, see the Monthly
Energy Review at http://www.eia.gov/mer for statistics that include updates to
many of the annual series in this report.
Released for printing: October 19, 2011
Ordering Information
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Electronic Access
The AER is available on EIAs website in a variety of formats at:
http://www.eia.gov/aer.
Full report and sections: PDF files
Report tables: Excel, HTML, and PDF files
Table data (unrounded): Excel files
Graphs: PDF files
Note: In many cases, PDF files display selected annual data; Excel and HTML
files display all years of data available. Excel files display the greatest data precision available.
Printed with soy ink on recycled paper.
DOE/EIA-0384(2010)
Annual Energy Review 2010

October 2011
U.S. Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Statistics
U.S. Department of Energy
Washington, DC 20585
This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and
analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIAs data, analyses, and forecasts
are independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. The
views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the Department of
Energy or other Federal agencies.
Contacts
The Annual Energy Review (AER) is prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Survey Development and Statistical Integration, Integrated Energy
Statistics Team, under the direction of Barbara T. Fichman, 202-586-5737 (barbara.fichman@eia.gov). Questions and comments about the AER may be referred to Ryan
Repice, 202-586-5828 (ryan.repice@eia.gov), the Office of Communications, 202-586-8800 (infoctr@eia.gov), or the following subject specialists:
1. Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ryan Repice
ryan.repice@eia.gov
202-586-5828
2. Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential Energy Consumption Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. . . . . . . . . .
ryan.repice@eia.gov
robert.adler@eia.gov
james.berry@eia.gov
joelle.michaels@eia.gov
202-586-5828
202-586-1134
202-586-5543
202-586-8952
3. Financial Indicators
Financial Reporting System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert Schmitt
robert.schmitt@eia.gov
202-586-8644
4. Energy Resources
Petroleum and Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert F. King
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nicholas Paduano
Uranium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Doug Bonnar
Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April Lee
robert.king@eia.gov
nicholas.paduano@eia.gov
douglas.bonnar@eia.gov
april.lee@eia.gov
202-586-4787
202-287-6326
202-586-1085
202-586-9560
5. Petroleum and Other Liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jennifer Barrick

Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marlana Anderson
jennifer.barrick@eia.gov
marlana.anderson@eia.gov
202-586-6254
202-586-2970
6. Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amy Sweeney
amy.sweeney@eia.gov
202-586-2627
7. Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paulette Young
paulette.young@eia.gov
202-586-1719
8. Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Channele Wirman
channele.wirman@eia.gov
202-586-5356
9. Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael Mobilia
michael.mobilia@eia.gov
202-586-6318
10. Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gwendolyn Jacobs
gwendolyn.jacobs@eia.gov
202-586-5847
11. Environment
Greenhouse Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Perry Lindstrom
Environmental Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natalie Ko
perry.lindstrom@eia.gov
natalie.ko@eia.gov
202-586-0934
202-586-3139
Ryan Repice
Robert Adler
James Berry
Joelle Michaels
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
iii
Preface
This twenty-ninth edition of the Annual Energy Review (AER) presents the U.S.
Energy Information Administrations (EIA) most comprehensive look at integrated
energy statistics. The summary statistics on the Nations energy production,
consumption, trade, stocks, and prices cover all major energy commodities and all
energy-consuming sectors of the U.S. economy from 1949 through 2010. The AER
is EIAs historical record of energy statistics and, because the coverage spans six
decades, the statistics in this report are well-suited to long-term trend analysis.
The AER is a companion report to EIAs Monthly Energy Review (MER), and it
covers most MER series over a much longer time span. Numerous additional series
are included in the AER. The additional series are available because EIAs surveys,
on which both reports are largely based, provide more extensive coverage of annual
statistics than of monthly statistics.
AER statistics for recent years, particularly 2010, are more likely than statistics for
earlier years to be revised by EIA as new information becomes available. The MER,
therefore, is the recommended source for the most recent statistics for many of the
AER series.
For the most part, fuel-specific statistics in the AER are expressed in physical units,
such as barrels, cubic feet, short tons, and kilowatthours. Summary statistics in
Sections 1 and 2, however, are expressed in British thermal units (Btu), which
allows different fuels to be compared and integrated summary statistics, such as the
U.S. consumption of primary energy, to be calculated.
The AER emphasizes domestic energy statistics but also covers trade statistics. For
example, statistics on petroleum imports by country of origin have been included in
Section 5, Petroleum, in order to give a complete picture of petroleum statistics.
Publication of the AER each year is in keeping with responsibilities given EIA in
Section 205(a)(2) of the Department of Energy Organization Act, Public Law 95-91.
The report is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies,
energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers
regarding its energy statistics. To make a suggestion or to obtain specific information regarding the contents of the AER, readers may contact any of the subject
specialists listed as contacts on the preceding page.
Printed copies of the Annual Energy Review 2010 may be obtained by contacting the
U.S. Government Printing Office or EIAs Office of Communications, as listed on
the inside front cover of this report. The information in this report is also available
electronically at http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/.
Changes in This Years Annual Energy Review

This edition of EIAs Annual Energy Review (AER) incorporates several changes
from earlier editions. The major changes are summarized below.
Noncombustible Renewable Energy

An important change in this years AER occurs in Table 1.3, where the concepts of
captured energy and adjustment for fossil-fuel equivalence for noncombustible
renewable energy sources conventional hydroelectric power, solar thermal and
photovoltaic, wind, and geothermal are shown for the first time. This change is
important for two reasons.
First, a new calculation brings reporting of geothermal energy used for electricity
generation in line with EIAs reporting of other noncombustible renewable energy
consumption. Beginning in the April 2011 issue of the Monthly Energy Review
and in this edition of the AER, EIA uses the fossil-fuels heat rate, calculated as
9,760 Btu per kilowatthour in 2010, to measure the amount of geothermal energy
used for electricity net generation. Previously, a technology-specific heat rate,
estimated as 21,017 Btu per kilowatthour in 2010 (see Table A6), was used for
geothermal energy consumption. All things being equal, the use of the new heat
rate reduces consumption of geothermal energy by about half in 2010 and the
consumption of all renewable energy by more than 2 percent. This change
should be taken into account when analyzing long-term trends in geothermal and
renewable energy consumption.
Second, totals for captured energy and adjustment for fossil-fuel equivalence
have been calculated. Captured energy is defined as the energy content of the net
electricity generated from noncombustible renewable resources and noncombustible
energy that is used directly. The adjustment for fossil-fuel equivalence shows the
difference between captured energy and the energy in the fossil fuels that would
have been needed to generate the same amount of electricity.
The summary information shown in Table 1.3 is shown in more detail on Tables
10.1-10.4 and in Appendix F, Table F3. Appendix F contains a more complete
explanation of the geothermal calculation and of other approaches to calculating the
energy value of noncombustible renewable energy consumption.
Petroleum and Other Liquids

Former Table 5.1, Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009, is renumbered as Table 5.1b and is now preceded by Table 5.1a, Petroleum and Other
Liquids Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. The new table reflects the growing
importance of non-petroleum liquids, such as fuel ethanol and biodiesel, in world
petroleum markets. It includes data on the production, net imports, and estimated
consumption of petroleum and other liquids, as well as two calculations: (1) production as a share of estimated consumption, and (2) net imports as a share of estimated
consumption.
Renewable Energy Resource Maps

For the first time, the AER displays six detailed geospatial maps showing U.S
renewable energy resources. Figures 4.14-4.19 cover concentrating solar power,
solar photovoltaic, onshore wind, offshore wind, geothermal, and biomass resources.
The geospatial data and the map images are produced by the U.S. Department of
Energys National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
International Data
The AER no longer contains a separate international section. Historical data starting in
1980 that were formerly presented in AER Section 11 are available from EIAs international energy statistics table browser at http:// www.eia.gov/ies. Data prior to 1980 can
be found in AER 2009 at http://www.eia.gov/FTPROOT/multifuel/038409.pdf. The
AER continues to present trade data for individual fuels in the fuel-specific sections of
the report. For example, statistics on petroleum imports by country of origin are still
included in Section 5, Petroleum and Other Liquids.
Energy Transformation
The AERs new Appendix F includes an explanation of energy transformation. In all
energy transformation processes, some useful energy is lost in converting one form
of energy to another. The most significant losses, by far, occur when electricity is
generated from primary energy sources. In Section 2 of the AER, the electric power
sector continues to be portrayed as an energy-consuming sector. In Appendix F,
Figure F1, the electric power sector is portrayed as an energy transformation sector.
For more information, please see Appendix F
vii
Contents
Page
Sections
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Financial Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Energy Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Petroleum and Other Liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Appendices
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
U.S. Census Regions and Divisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Alternatives for Estimating Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Flow Diagrams
Energy Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Petroleum Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Natural Gas Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Coal Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Electricity Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
ix
Tables
Page
1. Energy Overview
1.1
Primary Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2
Primary Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3
Primary Energy Consumption Estimates by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4
Primary Energy Trade by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.5
Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.6
State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditure, and Price Estimates, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.7
Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.8
Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.9
Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2009, and 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use Estimates, Selected Years, 1980-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2. Energy Consumption by Sector
2.1a
Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.1c
Commercial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.1e
Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.1f
Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.2
Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.3
Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.4
Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2.5
Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.6
Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and Electronics, Selected Years, 1978-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.7
Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.8
Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
2.9
Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.1
Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2
Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.6
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
71
73
75
77
79
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3. Financial IndicatorsContinued
3.7
Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.8
Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.9
Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies Net Income, 1974-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies Profitability, 1974-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
4. Energy Resources
4.1
Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4.2
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Estimated Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
4.3
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
4.4
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
4.5
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
4.6
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
4.7
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
4.8
Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, Selected Years, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
4.9
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and Exploration and Development
Expenditures, 1974-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region, 1974-2009. . . . . . . 115
4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
5. Petroleum and Other Liquids
5.1a Petroleum and Other Liquids Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
5.1b Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
5.2
Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1954-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
5.3
Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
5.4
Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
5.5
Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
5.6
Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
5.7
Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
5.8
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
5.9
Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
5.13a Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
5.13b Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
5.13c Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
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5. Petroleum and Other LiquidsContinued
5.13d Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
5.15
Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, Selected Years, 1984-2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
6. Natural Gas
6.1
Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2
Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3
Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4
Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.5
Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.6
Natural Gas Underground Storage, Selected Years, 1954-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.7
Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.8
Natural Gas Prices by Sector, Selected Years, 1967-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
193
195
197
199
201
203
205
207
7. Coal
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Coal Imports by Country of Origin, 2000-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Coal Exports by Country of Destination, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
8. Electricity
8.1
Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2a
Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2c
Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xii
235
238
239
240
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8. ElectricityContinued
8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
8.3a
Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
8.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
8.3c
Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . 245
8.4a
Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
8.4c
Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
8.5a
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
8.5c
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . 254
8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . 255
8.6a
Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:
Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:
Electric Power Sector, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
8.6c
Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:
Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
8.7a
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
8.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . 262
8.7c
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
8.8
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
8.9
Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, Selected Years, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors , Selected Years, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, Selected Years, 1986-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
9. Nuclear Energy
9.1
Nuclear Generating Units, 1955-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
9.2
Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
9.3
Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
10. Renewable Energy
10.1
Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Primary Energy Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.2a
Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.2c
Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
291
294
295
297
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10. Renewable EnergyContinued
10.3
Fuel Ethanol Overview, 1981-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.4
Biodiesel Overview, 2001-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.5
Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Fuel Consumption, 1992-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.6
Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.7
Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2001-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.8
Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.9
Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11. Environment
11.1
Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1990-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.2
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3a Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3b Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3c Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3d Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3e Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.4
Methane Emissions, 1980-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.5
Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.6a Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . .
11.6b Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . .
11.6c Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.7
Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment, 1985-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
299
301
303
305
307
309
311
315
317
319
320
321
322
323
325
327
329
330
331
333
Appendix A. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors

A1.
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
A2.
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
A3.
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
A4.
Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
A5.
Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
A6.
Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors
B1.
Metric Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
B2.
Metric Prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
B3.
Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Appendix D. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implict Price Deflator
D1.
Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
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Appendix E. Estimated Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945
E1.
Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Appendix F. Alternatives for Estimating Energy Consumption
F1.
Conversion Efficiencies of Noncombustible Renewable Energy Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
F2.
Energy Consumption by Sector, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
F3.
Noncombustible Renewable Primary Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
xv
Figures
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1. Energy Overview
1.0
Energy Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1
Primary Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2
Primary Energy Production by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3
Primary Energy Consumption Estimates by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4
Primary Energy Trade by Source, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5
Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators Estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.6
State-Level Energy Consumption Estimates and Estimated Consumption per Person, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.7
Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.8
Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.9
Heating Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2009, and 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use Estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.0
Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.1a
Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.1b Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.2
Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.3
Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.4
Household Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.5
Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.6
Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and Electronics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.7
Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2.8
Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2.9
Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.1
Fossil Fuel Production Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.2
Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Imports, and Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.3
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.4
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.5
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.6
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
3.7
Value of Fossil Fuel Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.8
Value of Fossil Fuel Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
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3.
Financial IndicatorsContinued
3.9
Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies Domestic Production and Refining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies Net Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies Profitability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
86
88
90
92
4. Energy Resources
4.1
Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
4.2
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Estimated Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
4.3
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
4.4
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
4.5
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
4.6
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
4.7
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
4.8
Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
4.9
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and Exploration
and Development Expenditures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
4.14 Concentrating Solar Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
4.15 Photovoltaic Solar Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
4.16 Onshore Wind Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
4.17 Offshore Wind Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
4.18 Geothermal Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
4.19 Biomass Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
5.0
Petroleum Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1a Petroleum and Other Liquids Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1b Petroleum Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2
Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3
Petroleum Imports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4
Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.5
Petroleum Exports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.6
Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.7
Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.8
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.9
Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
131
132
133
136
138
140
142
144
146
148
150
152
xvii
Figures
Page
5. Petroleum and Other LiquidsContinued
5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
5.13a Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
5.13b Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Product by Sector, 1949-2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
5.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Product by Sector, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
6. Natural Gas
6.0
Natural Gas Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1
Natural Gas Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2
Natural Gas Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3
Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4
Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.5
Natural Gas Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.6
Natural Gas Underground Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.7
Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.8
Natural Gas Prices by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
191
192
194
196
198
200
202
204
206
7. Coal
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
Coal Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Coal Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Coal Production, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Coal Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Coal Imports by Country of Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Coal Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Coal Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Coal Mining Productivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Coke Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Coal Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
8. Electricity
8.0
Electricity Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
xviii
Figures
Page
8. ElectricityContinued
8.1
Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
8.2a
Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
8.2b Electricity Net Generation by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
8.3
Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
8.4
Consumption for Electricity Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
8.5a
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation (All Sectors), 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
8.6
Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2010. . . . . 256
8.7
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
8.8
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
8.9
Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
9. Nuclear Energy
9.1
Nuclear Generating Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
9.2
Nuclear Power Plant Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
9.3
Uranium Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
10.1
Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
10.2a
Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 1989-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
10.2c
Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
10.3
Fuel Ethanol Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
10.4
Biodiesel Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
10.5
Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
10.6
Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
10.7
Solar Thermal Collector Domestic Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
10.8
Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
10.9
Photovoltaic Cell and Module Domestic Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
11. Environment
11.1
Emissions of Greenhouse Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
11.2
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
11.3
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
11.4
Methane Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
11.5
Nitrous Oxide Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
xix
Figures
Page
11. EnvironmentContinued
11.6
Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
11.7
Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Appendix C. U.S. Census Regions and Division
C1.
U.S. Census Regions and Divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Appendix F. Alternatives for Estimating Energy Consumption
F1.
Primary Energy Consumption and Delivered Total Energy, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
xx
1. Energy Overview
Figure 1.0 Energy Flow, 2010

(Quadrillion Btu)
Includes lease condensate.

Natural gas plant liquids.
3
Conventional hydroelectric power, biomass, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, and wind.
4
Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
5
Natural gas, coal, coal coke, biofuels, and electricity.
6
Adjustments, losses, and unaccounted for.
7
Coal, natural gas, coal coke, electricity, and biofuels.
8
Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.
9
Petroleum products, including natural gas plant liquids, and crude oil burned as fuel.
2
10
Includes 0.01 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net exports.

Includes 0.09 quadrillion Btu of electricity net imports.
12
Total energy consumption, which is the sum of primary energy consumption, electricity retail
sales, and electrical system energy losses. Losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in
proportion to each sectors share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, Electrical Systems
Energy Losses, at end of Section 2.
Notes: Data are preliminary. Values are derived from source data prior to rounding for
publication. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 2.1a.
11
Figure 1.1 Primary Energy Overview

Overview, 1949-2010
Production and Consumption, 2010
120
120
Consumption
98
Renewable
90
Production
60
Imports
30
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
90
Nuclear
75
Renewable
Nuclear
60
Fossil
Fuels
Fossil
Fuels
30
Exports
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Overview, 2010
2010
0
Production
Energy Flow, 2010

(Quadrillion Btu)
120
98
Quadrillion Btu
90
75
60
30
30
0
Production
Imports
Adjustments, losses, and unaccounted for.
Exports
Consumption
Source: Table 1.1.
Consumption
Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010

(Quadrillion Btu)
Production
Year
Fossil
Fuels 2
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
28.748
32.563
37.364
39.869
47.235
59.186
54.733
54.723
55.101
55.074
58.006
59.008
58.529
57.458
54.416
58.849
57.539
56.575
57.167
57.875
57.483
58.560
57.872
57.655
55.822
58.044
57.540
58.387
58.857
59.314
57.614
57.366
58.541
56.894
56.099
55.895
55.038
55.968
56.447
R57.482
R56.644
58.527
Trade
Nuclear
Electric
Power 3
Renewable
Energy 4
Imports
Total
Petroleum
0.000
.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
1.900
2.111
2.702
3.024
2.776
2.739
3.008
3.131
3.203
3.553
4.076
4.380
4.754
5.587
5.602
6.104
6.422
6.479
6.410
6.694
7.075
7.087
6.597
7.068
7.610
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.959
8.222
8.161
8.215
8.455
8.427
R8.356
8.441
2.974
2.978
2.784
R2.928
R3.396
R4.070
R4.687
R4.727
R4.209
R5.005
R5.123
R5.428
R5.414
R5.980
R6.496
R6.438
R6.084
R6.111
R5.622
R5.457
R6.235
R6.041
R6.069
R5.821
R6.083
R5.988
R6.558
R7.012
R7.018
R6.494
R6.517
R6.104
R5.164
R5.734
R5.982
R6.070
R6.229
R6.608
R6.537
R7.205
R7.603
8.064
31.722
35.540
40.148
R42.803
R50.674
R63.495
R61.320
R61.561
R62.012
R63.104
R65.904
R67.175
R66.951
R66.569
R64.114
R68.840
R67.698
R67.066
R67.542
R68.919
R69.320
R70.705
R70.362
R69.955
R68.315
R70.726
R71.174
R72.486
R72.472
R72.876
R71.742
R71.332
R71.735
R70.773
R70.040
R70.188
R69.427
R70.792
R71.440
R73.114
R72.603
75.031
1.427
1.886
2.752
3.999
5.402
7.470
12.948
15.672
18.756
17.824
17.933
14.658
12.639
10.777
10.647
11.433
10.609
13.201
14.162
15.747
17.162
17.117
16.348
16.968
18.510
19.243
18.881
20.284
21.740
22.908
23.133
24.531
25.398
R24.674
R26.219
R28.197
R29.248
R29.169
R28.781
R27.685
R25.082
25.290
Exports
Total
1.448
1.913
2.790
4.188
5.892
8.342
14.032
16.760
19.948
19.106
19.460
15.796
13.719
11.861
11.752
12.471
11.781
14.151
15.398
17.296
18.766
18.817
18.335
19.372
21.273
22.390
22.260
23.702
25.215
26.581
27.252
28.973
30.157
R29.408
31.061
R33.544
R34.709
R34.679
R34.703
R32.992
R29.706
29.792
Total
Fossil
Fuels 9
Nuclear
Electric
Power 3
Renewable
Energy 4
-0.144
.448
.504
2.710
4.063
5.709
11.709
14.588
17.896
17.186
16.605
12.101
9.412
7.253
8.059
8.685
7.584
10.130
11.586
12.929
14.105
14.065
13.194
14.435
17.014
18.329
17.750
19.069
20.701
22.281
23.537
24.967
26.386
25.739
27.007
29.110
30.149
R29.806
R29.221
R25.932
R22.741
21.619
0.403
-1.372
-.444
-.427
-.722
-1.367
R-1.065
R-.175
R-1.946
R-.339
R-1.650
R-1.210
R-.257
-.723
R.798
R-.892
R1.110
R-.549
R-.074
R.861
R1.361
R-.284
R.882
R1.392
R2.094
.037
R2.105
R2.468
1.429
-.140
R1.373
R2.516
-1.953
R1.181
R.931
R.850
R.701
R-.974
R.703
R.222
R-.869
1.352
29.002
31.632
37.410
42.137
50.577
63.522
R65.357
R69.107
R70.991
R71.854
R72.891
R69.828
R67.571
63.888
R63.152
R66.506
R66.093
R66.033
R68.521
R71.557
R72.911
R72.332
71.880
R73.396
R74.836
R76.256
R77.259
R79.785
R80.873
81.369
82.427
R84.731
82.902
R83.747
R84.014
85.805
R85.790
84.687
R86.251
R83.540
R78.416
81.425
0.000
.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
1.900
2.111
2.702
3.024
2.776
2.739
3.008
3.131
3.203
3.553
4.076
4.380
4.754
5.587
5.602
6.104
6.422
6.479
6.410
6.694
7.075
7.087
6.597
7.068
7.610
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.959
8.222
8.161
8.215
8.455
8.427
R8.356
8.441
2.974
2.978
2.784
R2.928
R3.396
R4.070
R4.687
R4.727
R4.209
R5.005
R5.123
R5.428
R5.414
R5.980
R6.496
R6.438
R6.084
R6.111
R5.622
R5.457
R6.235
R6.041
R6.069
R5.821
R6.083
R5.988
R6.560
R7.014
R7.016
R6.493
R6.516
R6.106
R5.163
R5.729
R5.983
R6.082
R6.242
R6.659
R6.551
R7.190
R7.587
8.049
Net Imports
7
Coal
Total
0.877
.786
1.465
1.023
1.376
1.936
1.761
1.597
1.442
1.078
1.753
2.421
2.944
2.787
2.045
2.151
2.438
2.248
2.093
2.499
2.637
2.772
2.854
2.682
1.962
1.879
2.318
2.368
2.193
2.092
1.525
1.528
1.265
1.032
1.117
1.253
1.273
1.264
1.507
2.071
1.515
2.101
1.592
1.465
2.286
1.477
1.829
2.632
2.323
2.172
2.052
1.920
2.855
3.695
4.307
4.608
3.693
3.786
4.196
4.021
3.812
4.366
4.661
4.752
5.141
4.937
4.258
4.061
4.511
4.633
4.514
4.299
3.715
4.006
R3.771
R3.669
4.054
R4.434
R4.560
R4.872
R5.482
R7.060
R6.965
8.173
Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.
Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids.
Nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear heat ratesee Table A6).
4 See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series components and estimation; and see Note, "Renewable
Energy Production and Consumption," at end of Section 10.
5 Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
6 Also includes natural gas, coal, coal coke, fuel ethanol, biodiesel, and electricity.
7 Also includes natural gas, petroleum, coal coke, biodiesel, and electricity.
8 Calculated as consumption and exports minus production and imports. Includes petroleum stock
change and adjustments; natural gas net storage withdrawals and balancing item; coal stock change,
2
Consumption
Stock
Change
and
Other 8
Total 10
31.982
34.616
40.208
R45.086
R54.015
R67.838
R71.965
R75.975
R77.961
R79.950
R80.859
R78.067
R76.106
R73.099
R72.971
R76.632
R76.392
R76.647
R79.054
R82.709
R84.786
R84.485
R84.438
R85.783
R87.424
R89.091
R91.029
R94.022
R94.602
R95.018
R96.652
R98.815
R96.168
R97.693
R97.978
R100.148
R100.277
R99.624
R101.363
R99.268
R94.475
98.003
losses, and unaccounted for; fuel ethanol stock change; and biodiesel stock change and balancing item.
9 Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, and petroleum. For petroleum, product supplied is used as
an approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
Consumption," at end of Section 5.
10 Also includes electricity net imports.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
Notes: See "Primary Energy," "Primary Energy Production," and "Primary Energy Consumption" in
Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary.
Sources: Tables 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4.
Figure 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source

By Source Category, 1949-2010
By Major Source, 1949-2010
75
25
Coal
Quadrillion Btu
Fossil Fuels
50
20
Nuclear
Electric
Power
25
Natural Gas
Renewable Energy
15
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
By Source, 2010
30
Crude Oil
Quadrillion Btu
10
25
22
22
Nuclear Electric
Power
Quadrillion Btu
20
15
5
12
10
Hydroelectric Power2
8
4
NGPL3
3
Natural
Gas
1
2
Biomass
0
Coal
Crude Oil

Conventional hydroelectric power.
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Biomass
NGPL
Hydroelectric
Power
Geothermal,
Solar/PV,
Wind
1950
1960

Source: Table 1.2.
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Table 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010

(Quadrillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 1
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal 2
Natural
Gas
(Dry)
Crude
Oil 3
NGPL 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power 5
Hydroelectric
Power 6
Geothermal 7
Solar/PV 8
Wind 9
Biomass 10
Total
Total
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
11.974
14.060
12.370
10.817
13.055
14.607
14.989
15.654
15.755
14.910
17.540
18.598
18.377
18.639
17.247
19.719
19.325
19.509
20.141
20.738
221.360
22.488
21.636
21.694
20.336
22.202
22.130
22.790
23.310
24.045
23.295
22.735
223.547
22.732
22.094
22.852
23.185
23.790
23.493
23.851
R21.627
22.077
5.377
6.233
9.345
12.656
15.775
21.666
19.640
19.480
19.565
19.485
20.076
19.908
19.699
18.319
16.593
18.008
16.980
16.541
17.136
17.599
17.847
18.326
18.229
18.375
18.584
19.348
19.082
19.344
19.394
19.613
19.341
19.662
20.166
19.439
19.633
19.074
18.556
19.022
19.825
R20.703
R21.095
22.095
10.683
11.447
14.410
14.935
16.521
20.401
17.729
17.262
17.454
18.434
18.104
18.249
18.146
18.309
18.392
18.848
18.992
18.376
17.675
17.279
16.117
15.571
15.701
15.223
14.494
14.103
13.887
13.723
13.658
13.235
12.451
12.358
12.282
12.163
12.026
11.503
10.963
10.801
10.721
10.509
R11.348
11.669
0.714
.823
1.240
1.461
1.883
2.512
2.374
2.327
2.327
2.245
2.286
2.254
2.307
2.191
2.184
2.274
2.241
2.149
2.215
2.260
2.158
2.175
2.306
2.363
2.408
2.391
2.442
2.530
2.495
2.420
2.528
2.611
2.547
2.559
2.346
2.466
2.334
2.356
2.409
2.419
R2.574
2.686
28.748
32.563
37.364
39.869
47.235
59.186
54.733
54.723
55.101
55.074
58.006
59.008
58.529
57.458
54.416
58.849
57.539
56.575
57.167
57.875
57.483
58.560
57.872
57.655
55.822
58.044
57.540
58.387
58.857
59.314
57.614
57.366
58.541
56.894
56.099
55.895
55.038
55.968
56.447
R57.482
R56.644
58.527
0.000
.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
1.900
2.111
2.702
3.024
2.776
2.739
3.008
3.131
3.203
3.553
4.076
4.380
4.754
5.587
5.602
6.104
6.422
6.479
6.410
6.694
7.075
7.087
6.597
7.068
7.610
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.959
8.222
8.161
8.215
8.455
8.427
R8.356
8.441
1.425
1.415
1.360
1.608
2.059
2.634
3.155
2.976
2.333
2.937
2.931
2.900
2.758
3.266
3.527
3.386
2.970
3.071
2.635
2.334
2.837
3.046
3.016
2.617
2.892
2.683
3.205
3.590
3.640
3.297
3.268
2.811
2.242
2.689
2.825
2.690
2.703
2.869
2.446
2.511
R2.669
2.509
NA
NA
NA
R (s)
R.002
R.006
R.034
R.038
R.037
R.031
R.040
R.053
R.059
R.051
R.064
R.081
R.097
R.108
R.112
R.106
R.162
R.171
R.178
R.179
R.186
R.173
R.152
R.163
R.167
R.168
R.171
R.164
R.164
R.171
R.175
R.178
R.181
R.181
R.186
R.192
R.200
.212
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.055
R.059
R.062
.064
.066
R.068
R.069
R.070
.070
R.069
R.068
R.065
R.064
R.063
R.062
R.063
R.063
R.068
R.076
R.089
R.098
.109
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.022
.029
.031
.030
.031
.036
.033
.033
.034
.031
.046
.057
.070
.105
.115
.142
.178
.264
.341
.546
R.721
.924
1.549
1.562
1.424
1.320
1.335
1.431
1.499
1.713
1.838
2.038
2.152
2.476
2.596
2.663
2.904
2.971
3.016
2.932
2.875
3.016
3.159
2.735
2.782
2.932
2.908
3.028
3.099
3.155
3.108
2.929
2.965
3.006
2.624
2.705
2.805
2.998
3.104
3.226
3.489
3.867
R3.915
4.310
2.974
2.978
2.784
R2.928
R3.396
R4.070
R4.687
R4.727
R4.209
R5.005
R5.123
R5.428
R5.414
R5.980
R6.496
R6.438
R6.084
R6.111
R5.622
R5.457
R6.235
R6.041
R6.069
R5.821
R6.083
R5.988
R6.558
R7.012
R7.018
R6.494
R6.517
R6.104
R5.164
R5.734
R5.982
R6.070
R6.229
R6.608
R6.537
R7.205
R7.603
8.064
31.722
35.540
40.148
R42.803
R50.674
R63.495
R61.320
R61.561
R62.012
R63.104
R65.904
R67.175
R66.951
R66.569
R64.114
R68.840
R67.698
R67.066
R67.542
R68.919
R69.320
R70.705
R70.362
R69.955
R68.315
R70.726
R71.174
R72.486
R72.472
R72.876
R71.742
R71.332
R71.735
R70.773
R70.040
R70.188
R69.427
R70.792
R71.440
R73.114
R72.603
75.031
1 Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series components and estimation; and
see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of Section 10.
2 Beginning in 1989, includes waste coal supplied. Beginning in 2001, also includes a small amount of
refuse recovery. See Table 7.1.
3 Includes lease condensate.
4 Natural gas plant liquids.
5 Nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear heat ratesee Table A6).
6 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee
Table A6).
7 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6),
and geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels
heat ratesee Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy.
9 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6).
10 Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, and total biomass inputs to the production of fuel
ethanol and biodiesel.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu.
Notes: See "Primary Energy Production" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.2a, 10.1, A2, A4, A5, and A6.
Figure 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption Estimates by Source

Production and Consumption, 1949-2010
120
45
Quadrillion Btu
100
40
Consumption
80
Petroleum1
60
Production
35
40
30
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
By Major Source, 2010

40
Quadrillion Btu
20
25
Natural Gas
20
36
15
Quadrillion Btu
30
Coal
25
21
10
20
10
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Renewable
Energy
Renewable
Energy
Petroleum
Natural
Gas
Coal
1
Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel.
Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleumbiofuels are included in
Renewable Energy. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of
Nuclear Electric Power
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
petroleum consumption. See Note 1, Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption, at the end of Section 5
Sources: Tables 1.2 and 1.3.
Table 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption Estimates by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Quadrillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 1
Fossil Fuels
Noncombustible 2
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Coal
Coal
Coke
Net
Imports 3
Natural
Gas 4
Petroleum 5
11.981
12.347
11.167
9.838
11.581
12.265
12.663
13.584
13.922
13.766
15.040
15.423
15.908
15.322
15.894
17.071
17.478
17.260
18.008
18.846
19.070
19.173
18.992
19.122
19.835
19.909
20.089
21.002
21.445
21.656
21.623
22.580
21.914
21.904
22.321
22.466
22.797
22.447
22.749
22.385
R19.692
20.817
-0.007
.001
-.010
-.006
-.018
-.058
.014
(s)
.015
.125
.063
-.035
-.016
-.022
-.016
-.011
-.013
-.017
.009
.040
.030
.005
.010
.035
.027
.058
.061
.023
.046
.067
.058
.065
.029
.061
.051
.138
.044
.061
.025
.041
-.024
-.006
5.145
5.968
8.998
12.385
15.769
21.795
19.948
20.345
19.931
20.000
20.666
20.235
19.747
18.356
17.221
18.394
17.703
16.591
17.640
18.448
19.602
19.603
20.033
20.714
21.229
21.728
22.671
23.085
23.223
22.830
22.909
23.824
22.773
23.558
22.831
22.909
22.561
22.224
23.702
R23.834
R23.344
24.644
11.883
13.315
17.255
19.919
23.246
29.521
R32.732
R35.178
R37.124
R37.963
R37.122
R34.205
R31.932
30.232
R30.052
R31.053
R30.925
R32.198
R32.864
R34.223
R34.209
R33.552
R32.846
R33.525
R33.745
34.561
R34.438
R35.675
36.159
36.816
R37.838
R38.262
R38.186
R38.224
R38.811
40.292
R40.388
39.955
R39.774
R37.280
R35.403
35.970
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Captured
Energy 6
Adjustment for
Fossil Fuel
Equivalence 6
Total 6,7
Biomass 7
Total
Electricity
Net
Imports 3
29.002
31.632
37.410
42.137
50.577
63.522
R65.357
R69.107
R70.991
R71.854
R72.891
R69.828
R67.571
63.888
R63.152
R66.506
R66.093
R66.033
R68.521
R71.557
R72.911
R72.332
71.880
R73.396
R74.836
R76.256
R77.259
R79.785
R80.873
81.369
82.427
R84.731
82.902
R83.747
R84.014
85.805
R85.790
84.687
R86.251
R83.540
R78.416
81.425
0.000
.000
.000
.006
.043
.239
1.900
2.111
2.702
3.024
2.776
2.739
3.008
3.131
3.203
3.553
4.076
4.380
4.754
5.587
5.602
6.104
6.422
6.479
6.410
6.694
7.075
7.087
6.597
7.068
7.610
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.959
8.222
8.161
8.215
8.455
8.427
R8.356
8.441
0.323
.344
.397
.510
.673
.858
1.045
.991
.775
.977
.979
.970
.920
1.082
1.165
1.133
1.002
1.038
.900
.807
1.048
1.128
1.121
1.001
1.100
1.030
1.197
1.326
1.360
1.247
1.240
1.090
.893
1.070
1.114
1.103
1.127
1.229
1.125
1.238
1.382
1.414
1.101
1.071
.963
1.098
1.388
1.781
2.143
2.022
1.595
1.990
1.992
1.983
1.898
2.234
2.426
2.334
2.066
2.141
1.847
1.634
2.028
2.177
2.166
1.889
2.074
1.930
2.262
2.530
2.550
2.318
2.312
2.008
1.647
1.959
2.062
1.969
1.998
2.153
1.924
2.099
2.306
2.340
1.425
1.415
1.360
1.608
2.061
2.639
3.188
3.014
2.371
2.968
2.971
2.953
2.817
3.316
3.591
3.467
3.068
3.179
2.747
2.441
3.076
3.306
3.287
2.890
3.174
2.961
3.459
3.857
3.910
3.565
3.552
3.098
2.540
3.029
3.176
3.073
3.125
3.382
3.048
3.338
3.688
3.754
1.549
1.562
1.424
1.320
1.335
1.431
1.499
1.713
1.838
2.038
2.152
2.476
2.596
2.663
2.904
2.971
3.016
2.932
2.875
3.016
3.159
2.735
2.782
2.932
2.908
3.028
3.101
3.157
3.105
R2.927
2.963
3.008
2.622
2.701
2.807
3.010
R3.116
R3.276
R3.502
3.852
R3.899
4.295
2.974
2.978
2.784
R2.928
R3.396
R4.070
R4.687
R4.727
R4.209
R5.005
R5.123
R5.428
R5.414
R5.980
R6.496
R6.438
R6.084
R6.111
R5.622
R5.457
R6.235
R6.041
R6.069
R5.821
R6.083
R5.988
R6.560
R7.014
R7.016
R6.493
R6.516
R6.106
R5.163
R5.729
R5.983
R6.082
R6.242
R6.659
R6.551
R7.190
R7.587
8.049
0.005
.006
.014
.015
(s)
.007
.021
.029
.059
.067
.069
.071
.113
.100
.121
.135
.140
.122
.158
.108
.037
.008
.067
.087
.095
.153
.134
.137
.116
.088
.099
.115
.075
.072
.022
.039
R.085
.063
.107
.112
R.116
.088
1 Most data are estimates. See Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of
Section 10.
2 Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind. See Note 1,
"Noncombustible Renewable Energy," at end of section.
3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.
4 Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels,"
at end of Section 6.
5 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel. Does
not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleumbiofuels are included in "Biomass." For
petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1,
Total
31.982
34.616
40.208
R45.086
R54.015
R67.838
R71.965
R75.975
R77.961
R79.950
R80.859
R78.067
R76.106
R73.099
R72.971
R76.632
R76.392
R76.647
R79.054
R82.709
R84.786
R84.485
R84.438
R85.783
R87.424
R89.091
R91.029
R94.022
R94.602
R95.018
R96.652
R98.815
R96.168
R97.693
R97.978
R100.148
R100.277
R99.624
R101.363
R99.268
R94.475
98.003
"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of Section 5.

6 See Note 1, "Noncombustible Renewable Energy," at end of section.
7 See Table 10.1 for a breakdown of individual sources.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.0005 and greater than -0.0005 quadrillion Btu.
Notes: See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. See Table E1 for estimated energy
consumption for 1635-1945. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 5.12, 6.1, 7.1, 7.8, 8.1, 8.2a, 10.1, 10.3, A4, A5, and A6.
Figure 1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, 1949-2010

Energy Net Imports
Imports and Exports, 2010
35
40
30
30
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
25
20
15
10
5
Other 4.5
20
Petroleum
25.3
10
Other 3.4
Petroleum 4.8
-5
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Energy Imports
Imports
Exports
Energy Exports
10
40
Total
8
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
30
Petroleum
20
6
Total
4
Coal
10
2
Petroleum
0
1950
1960
1970
Note: Negative net imports are net exports.
10
1980
1990
2000
2010
1950
1960
1970
Source: Table 1.4.
1980
1990
2000
2010
Table 1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010

(Quadrillion Btu)
Imports
Petroleum
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
Petroleum
Coal
Coal
Coke
Natural
Gas
Crude
Oil 2
Petroleum
Products 3
Total
Biofuels 4
Electricity
Total
Coal
Coal
Coke
Natural
Gas
Crude
Oil 2
Petroleum
Products 3
Total
0.008
.009
.008
.007
.005
.001
.024
.030
.041
.074
.051
.030
.026
.019
.032
.032
.049
.055
.044
.053
.071
.067
.085
.095
.205
.222
.237
.203
.187
.218
.227
.313
.495
.422
.626
.682
.762
.906
.909
.855
.566
.484
0.007
.011
.003
.003
.002
.004
.045
.033
.045
.142
.099
.016
.013
.003
.001
.014
.014
.008
.023
.067
.057
.019
.029
.052
.053
.083
.095
.063
.078
.095
.080
.094
.063
.080
.068
.170
.088
.101
.061
.089
.009
.030
0.000
.000
.011
.161
.471
.846
.978
.988
1.037
.995
1.300
1.006
.917
.950
.940
.847
.952
.748
.992
1.296
1.387
1.551
1.798
2.161
2.397
2.682
2.901
3.002
3.063
3.225
3.664
3.869
4.068
4.104
4.042
4.365
4.450
4.291
4.723
4.084
R3.845
3.830
0.915
1.056
1.691
2.196
2.654
2.814
8.721
11.239
14.027
13.460
13.825
11.195
9.336
7.418
7.079
7.302
6.814
9.002
10.067
11.027
12.596
12.766
12.553
13.253
14.749
15.340
15.669
16.341
17.876
18.916
18.935
19.783
20.348
19.920
21.060
22.082
22.091
22.085
21.914
21.448
R19.699
20.030
0.513
.830
1.061
1.802
2.748
4.656
4.227
4.434
4.728
4.364
4.108
3.463
3.303
3.360
3.568
4.131
3.796
4.199
4.095
4.720
4.565
4.351
3.794
3.714
3.760
3.904
3.211
3.943
3.864
3.992
4.198
4.749
R5.051
R4.754
R5.159
6.114
R7.157
R7.084
R6.868
R6.237
R5.383
5.260
1.427
1.886
2.752
3.999
5.402
7.470
12.948
15.672
18.756
17.824
17.933
14.658
12.639
10.777
10.647
11.433
10.609
13.201
14.162
15.747
17.162
17.117
16.348
16.968
18.510
19.243
18.881
20.284
21.740
22.908
23.133
24.531
25.398
R24.674
R26.219
R28.197
R29.248
R29.169
R28.781
R27.685
R25.082
25.290
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.001
.001
.001
.001
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.002
.002
.002
.013
R.012
R.066
R.054
R.084
.026
.004
0.006
.007
.016
.018
.012
.021
.038
.037
.069
.072
.077
.085
.124
.112
.132
.144
.157
.139
.178
.133
.089
.063
.075
.096
.107
.160
.146
.148
.147
.135
.147
.166
.131
.125
.104
.117
R.150
.146
.175
.195
R.178
.154
1.448
1.913
2.790
4.188
5.892
8.342
14.032
16.760
19.948
19.106
19.460
15.796
13.719
11.861
11.752
12.471
11.781
14.151
15.398
17.296
18.766
18.817
18.335
19.372
21.273
22.390
22.260
23.702
25.215
26.581
27.252
28.973
30.157
R29.408
31.061
R33.544
R34.709
R34.679
R34.703
R32.992
R29.706
29.792
0.877
.786
1.465
1.023
1.376
1.936
1.761
1.597
1.442
1.078
1.753
2.421
2.944
2.787
2.045
2.151
2.438
2.248
2.093
2.499
2.637
2.772
2.854
2.682
1.962
1.879
2.318
2.368
2.193
2.092
1.525
1.528
1.265
1.032
1.117
1.253
1.273
1.264
1.507
2.071
1.515
2.101
0.014
.010
.013
.009
.021
.061
.032
.033
.031
.017
.036
.051
.029
.025
.016
.026
.028
.025
.014
.027
.027
.014
.020
.017
.026
.024
.034
.040
.031
.028
.022
.028
.033
.020
.018
.033
.043
.040
.036
.049
.032
.036
0.021
.027
.032
.012
.027
.072
.074
.066
.056
.053
.056
.049
.060
.052
.055
.055
.056
.062
.055
.075
.109
.087
.132
.220
.142
.164
.156
.155
.159
.161
.164
.245
.377
.520
.686
.862
.735
.730
.830
R.972
R1.082
1.147
0.192
.202
.067
.018
.006
.029
.012
.017
.106
.335
.497
.609
.482
.500
.348
.384
.432
.326
.319
.329
.300
.230
.246
.188
.208
.209
.200
.233
.228
.233
.250
.106
.043
.019
.026
.057
.067
.052
.058
.061
.093
.088
0.488
.440
.707
.413
.386
.520
.427
.452
.408
.432
.505
.551
.781
1.231
1.217
1.161
1.225
1.344
1.311
1.412
1.536
1.594
1.882
1.819
1.907
1.779
1.791
1.825
1.872
1.740
1.705
2.048
1.996
2.023
2.124
R2.151
R2.374
R2.699
R2.949
R3.739
R4.147
4.721
0.680
.642
.774
.431
.392
.549
.439
.469
.514
.767
1.002
1.160
1.264
1.732
1.565
1.545
1.657
1.670
1.630
1.741
1.836
1.824
2.128
2.008
2.115
1.988
1.991
2.059
2.100
1.972
1.955
2.154
R2.039
2.042
R2.151
R2.208
R2.442
R2.751
R3.007
R3.800
R4.240
4.809
Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.
Crude oil and lease condensate. Imports data include imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve,
which began in 1977.
3 Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending components. Does not
include biofuels.
4 Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel.
5 Biodiesel only.
2
Net
Imports 1
Exports
Biofuels 5
Electricity
Total
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
.001
.001
.001
.004
.035
.086
.034
.013
0.001
.001
.002
.003
.013
.014
.017
.008
.009
.005
.007
.014
.010
.012
.011
.009
.017
.016
.020
.024
.052
.055
.008
.010
.012
.007
.012
.011
.031
.047
.049
.051
.056
.054
.082
.078
R.065
.083
.069
R.083
.062
.066
1.592
1.465
2.286
1.477
1.829
2.632
2.323
2.172
2.052
1.920
2.855
3.695
4.307
4.608
3.693
3.786
4.196
4.021
3.812
4.366
4.661
4.752
5.141
4.937
4.258
4.061
4.511
4.633
4.514
4.299
3.715
4.006
R3.771
R3.669
4.054
R4.434
R4.560
R4.872
R5.482
R7.060
R6.965
8.173
-0.144
.448
.504
2.710
4.063
5.709
11.709
14.588
17.896
17.186
16.605
12.101
9.412
7.253
8.059
8.685
7.584
10.130
11.586
12.929
14.105
14.065
13.194
14.435
17.014
18.329
17.750
19.069
20.701
22.281
23.537
24.967
26.386
25.739
27.007
29.110
30.149
R29.806
R29.221
R25.932
R22.741
21.619
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu.

Notes: Includes trade between the United States (50 States and the District of Columbia) and its
territories and possessions. See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and
Exports," at end of Section 8. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 5.1b, 5.3, 5.5, 6.1, 7.1, 7.7, 8.1, 10.3, 10.4, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6.
11
Figure 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators Estimates

Energy Consumption, 1949-2010
Energy Expenditures, 1970-2009
Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of

Gross Domestic Product, 1949-2010
Thousand Btu per Chained (2005) Dollar
1,500
120
Billion Nominal Dollars
Quadrillion Btu
100
80
60
40
1,000
500
20
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Energy Consumption per Person,

1949-2010
500
5,000
400
4,000
300
200
100
0
1950
1980
10
0
1950
2000
1960
1970
1980
1990
Energy Expenditures as Share of

Gross Domestic Product, 1970-2009
15
10
3,000
2,000
5
1,000
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
0
1970
1980
See Nominal Dollars in Glossary

In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators,
See Appendix D1.
12
1990
Energy Expenditures per Person,

1970-2009
Nominal Dollars
Million Btu
0
1970
2010
15
Percent
0
1950
20
1990
2000
Source: Table 1.5.
0
1970
1980
1990
2000
2000
2010
Table 1.5 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Energy
Consumption
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
2
3
4
5
Quadrillion
Btu
31.982
34.616
40.208
R45.086
R54.015
R67.838
R71.965
R75.975
R77.961
R79.950
R80.859
R78.067
R76.106
R73.099
R72.971
R76.632
R76.392
R76.647
R79.054
R82.709
R84.786
R84.485
R84.438
R85.783
R87.424
R89.091
R91.029
R94.022
R94.602
R95.018
R96.652
R98.815
R96.168
R97.693
R97.978
R100.148
R100.277
R99.624
R101.363
R99.268
R94.475
98.003
Energy
Consumption
per Person
Energy
Expenditures 1
Million
Btu
Million
Nominal
Dollars 4
214
227
242
250
278
331
333
R348
354
359
359
344
332
316
312
325
321
R319
R326
R338
344
R338
334
R334
R336
339
342
R349
R347
R344
R346
R350
R337
340
338
342
R339
334
R336
R326
308
317
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R82,860
R171,773
R193,821
R220,372
R239,152
R297,459
R374,244
R427,775
R426,328
R417,291
R435,034
R438,176
R383,386
R396,454
R410,380
R437,521
R472,444
R470,435
R475,438
R490,999
R504,073
R513,947
R559,890
R566,714
R525,515
R556,392
R685,922
R694,484
R662,246
R754,708
R870,956
R1,046,843
R1,159,485
R1,234,240
R1,408,685
R1,061,252
NA
Energy
Expenditures 1
per Person
Gross
Domestic
Product (GDP)
Nominal
Dollars 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
404
R795
889
1,001
R1,074
1,322
1,647
R1,864
R1,840
1,785
1,845
1,842
1,597
R1,636
R1,678
1,773
1,893
1,860
R1,853
R1,889
1,916
1,930
R2,078
2,079
R1,905
1,994
R2,431
2,436
R2,301
R2,600
R2,973
R3,541
R3,885
R4,095
R4,631
R3,461
NA
Expenditures include taxes where data are available.

Greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic sources. See Table 11.1.
Carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption. See Table 11.2
See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
Energy
Expenditures 1
as Share of GDP
Gross
Domestic
Product (GDP)
Energy
Consumption per
Real Dollar of GDP
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions 2 per
Real Dollar of GDP
Carbon Dioxide
Emissions 3 per
Real Dollar of GDP
Billion
Nominal
Dollars 4
Percent
Billion
Chained
(2005) Dollars 5
Thousand Btu
per Chained
(2005) Dollar 5
Metric Tons Carbon

Dioxide Equivalent
per Million Chained
(2005) Dollars 5
Metric Tons
Carbon Dioxide
per Million Chained
(2005) Dollars 5
267.2
293.7
414.7
526.4
719.1
1,038.3
1,637.7
1,824.6
2,030.1
2,293.8
2,562.2
2,788.1
3,126.8
3,253.2
3,534.6
3,930.9
4,217.5
4,460.1
4,736.4
5,100.4
5,482.1
5,800.5
5,992.1
6,342.3
6,667.4
7,085.2
7,414.7
7,838.5
8,332.4
8,793.5
9,353.5
9,951.5
10,286.2
10,642.3
11,142.1
11,867.8
12,638.4
13,398.9
R14,061.8
R14,369.1
R14,119.0
14,660.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.0
10.5
10.6
10.9
10.4
11.6
13.4
13.7
13.1
11.8
11.1
10.4
8.6
8.4
8.0
8.0
8.1
7.9
7.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
7.1
6.8
6.0
5.9
6.9
6.8
6.2
6.8
7.3
8.3
R8.7
8.8
R9.8
R7.5
NA
17.34
17.26
16.08
15.93
14.96
15.89
R14.75
14.78
14.50
R14.08
R13.81
R13.37
R12.71
R12.45
R11.89
R11.65
R11.15
R10.82
R10.81
R10.86
R10.75
R10.52
R10.53
R10.35
R10.26
R10.04
R10.01
R9.97
R9.60
R9.24
R8.97
R8.80
R8.48
R8.46
R8.27
R8.17
R7.93
R7.68
7.66
R7.50
R7.33
7.40
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R1,011
R969
R940
R891
R876
R843
R813
R812
R810
R793
R763
R759
R749
R738
R720
R708
R703
R677
R652
R626
R618
R600
R596
R586
R577
R563
R542
R541
R528
R510
NA
1,196
1,187
1,074
1,029
959
998
909
915
901
862
848
817
775
751
714
701
672
650
651
654
643
R627
R623
R615
R608
R593
R584
R583
R566
R547
R527
R523
R508
R503
R495
R487
R474
R456
R455
R441
R421
425
1,844.7
2,006.0
2,500.3
2,830.9
3,610.1
4,269.9
4,879.5
5,141.3
5,377.7
5,677.6
5,855.0
5,839.0
5,987.2
5,870.9
6,136.2
6,577.1
6,849.3
7,086.5
7,313.3
7,613.9
7,885.9
8,033.9
8,015.1
8,287.1
8,523.4
8,870.7
9,093.7
9,433.9
9,854.3
10,283.5
10,779.8
11,226.0
11,347.2
11,553.0
11,840.7
12,263.8
12,638.4
12,976.2
R13,228.9
R13,228.8
R12,880.6
13,248.2
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.

Sources: Energy Consumption: Table 1.3. Energy Expenditures: Table 3.5. Gross Domestic
Product: Table D1. Population Data: Table D1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Table 11.1. Carbon
Dioxide Emissions: Table 11.2. Other Columns: Calculated by U.S. Energy Information Administration.
13
Figure 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption Estimates and Estimated Consumption per Person, 2009
Consumption
12
TX
Quadrillion Btu
10
CA
8
6
FL
NY IL PA OH
LA
GA
MI IN NC
NJ VA
TN WA AL
KY MO MN WI
SC OK AZ CO MD MA IA
0
1
MS KS OR AR
CT NE UT WV NV NM AK
WY ID ME ND MT SD NH
HI DE RI DC VT
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
Consumption per Person

1.2
1.0 WY
AK
Billion Btu
0.8
LA
ND
0.6
IA TX
SD KY NE MT
IN AL OK WV MS KS
AR SC MN
TN NM ID ME OH
WI US WA DC MO VA GA IL PA CO DE
OR NJ NC UT MI NV VT
MD FL NH
CT AZ CA MA HI RI
NY
0.4
0.2
0.0
1 2
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
Source: Table 1.6.
14
Table 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditure, and Price Estimates, 2009
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
Consumption
Consumption per Person
Expenditures 1
Expenditures 1 per Person
Prices 1
Trillion Btu
Million Btu
Million Dollars 2
Dollars 2
Dollars 2 per Million Btu
Texas
California
Florida
New York
Illinois
Pennsylvania
Ohio
Louisiana
Georgia
Michigan
Indiana
North Carolina
New Jersey
Virginia
Tennessee
Washington
Alabama
Kentucky
Missouri
Minnesota
Wisconsin
South Carolina
Oklahoma
Arizona
Colorado
Maryland
Massachusetts
Iowa
Mississippi
Kansas
Oregon
Arkansas
Connecticut
Nebraska
Utah
West Virginia
Nevada
New Mexico
Alaska
Wyoming
Idaho
Maine
North Dakota
Montana
South Dakota
New Hampshire
Hawaii
Delaware
Rhode Island
District of Columbia
Vermont
United States
11,297.4
8,005.5
4,295.2
3,818.5
3,815.1
3,654.1
3,633.7
3,366.3
2,949.3
2,696.6
2,622.6
2,545.4
2,393.6
2,385.8
2,136.0
2,032.9
1,906.8
1,876.6
1,817.8
1,809.5
1,744.6
1,581.0
1,490.6
1,454.3
1,452.2
1,429.3
1,426.0
1,418.5
1,138.7
1,084.3
1,066.5
1,054.8
788.4
759.1
754.5
715.6
707.6
670.1
630.4
520.3
509.0
430.5
426.8
411.5
359.9
303.0
269.8
254.7
219.3
182.4
158.1
3,494,446.9
Wyoming
Alaska
Louisiana
North Dakota
Iowa
Texas
South Dakota
Kentucky
Nebraska
Montana
Indiana
Alabama
Oklahoma
West Virginia
Mississippi
Kansas
Arkansas
South Carolina
Minnesota
Tennessee
New Mexico
Idaho
Maine
Ohio
Wisconsin
Washington
Missouri
Virginia
Georgia
Illinois
Pennsylvania
Colorado
Delaware
Oregon
New Jersey
North Carolina
Utah
Michigan
Nevada
Vermont
Maryland
Florida
New Hampshire
Connecticut
Arizona
California
Massachusetts
Hawaii
Rhode Island
New York
United States
955.8
907.5
749.8
660.8
471.5
456.1
443.8
435.2
422.9
422.4
408.7
405.1
404.4
392.9
386.0
384.9
365.3
347.1
343.8
339.5
333.8
329.5
327.1
315.1
308.7
304.7
304.0
303.9
303.4
300.5
295.9
290.0
289.6
288.1
279.0
275.3
272.0
271.3
270.9
268.2
254.5
251.3
232.0
229.2
224.3
220.8
217.0
216.3
209.5
207.4
195.6
308.0
Texas
California
New York
Florida
Pennsylvania
Ohio
Illinois
New Jersey
Georgia
Michigan
North Carolina
Virginia
Indiana
Louisiana
Tennessee
Massachusetts
Washington
Maryland
Missouri
Wisconsin
Alabama
Minnesota
Arizona
Kentucky
South Carolina
Colorado
Oklahoma
Connecticut
Iowa
Oregon
Mississippi
Kansas
Arkansas
Nevada
Utah
West Virginia
Nebraska
New Mexico
Maine
Alaska
New Hampshire
Idaho
Hawaii
Montana
Wyoming
Delaware
North Dakota
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Vermont
United States
Prices and expenditures include taxes where data are available.

Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
Includes -23.8 trillion Btu of coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States.
4 The U.S. consumption value in this table does not match those in Tables 1.1 and 1.3 because it:
1) does not include biodiesel; and 2) is the sum of State values, which use State average heat contents to
convert physical units of coal and natural gas to Btu.
5 Includes -$42 million for coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States.
2
3
115,217
104,712
56,400
54,553
43,319
40,900
40,473
33,333
32,196
31,289
29,011
26,739
24,598
24,197
22,892
22,617
21,019
20,200
19,933
19,373
19,020
18,287
17,539
17,477
16,554
14,539
14,486
13,349
13,102
11,994
11,441
10,911
10,554
8,866
7,357
7,010
6,977
6,454
5,658
5,338
4,900
4,899
4,652
4,245
3,895
3,594
3,576
3,429
3,354
2,502
2,364
51,061,252
Alaska
Wyoming
North Dakota
Louisiana
Texas
Montana
Iowa
Maine
South Dakota
Delaware
Kentucky
Alabama
Vermont
Oklahoma
Nebraska
Mississippi
Kansas
West Virginia
New Jersey
Indiana
Connecticut
New Hampshire
Arkansas
Tennessee
South Carolina
Hawaii
Maryland
Ohio
Minnesota
Pennsylvania
Massachusetts
Wisconsin
Virginia
Nevada
Missouri
Georgia
Rhode Island
New Mexico
Idaho
Washington
Michigan
Illinois
Oregon
North Carolina
Florida
Colorado
New York
California
Arizona
Utah
United States
7,684
7,155
5,537
5,390
4,651
4,358
4,355
4,300
4,136
4,065
4,053
4,040
4,026
3,940
3,930
3,887
3,878
3,873
3,849
3,834
3,833
3,798
3,706
3,655
3,639
3,635
3,611
3,551
3,547
3,475
3,437
3,431
3,428
3,401
3,360
3,332
3,281
3,242
3,215
3,172
3,151
3,143
3,139
3,137
3,100
2,947
2,899
2,889
2,839
2,662
2,646
3,461
Hawaii
Connecticut
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Vermont
Florida
Rhode Island
Maryland
Delaware
New York
Nevada
Arizona
New Jersey
California
North Carolina
Alaska
Pennsylvania
Maine
Virginia
Oregon
New Mexico
Ohio
Tennessee
Michigan
South Carolina
Washington
Missouri
Wisconsin
Mississippi
Georgia
Alabama
Montana
West Virginia
Kansas
Oklahoma
Arkansas
Illinois
Texas
Colorado
Minnesota
South Dakota
Idaho
Kentucky
Utah
Nebraska
Iowa
Indiana
Wyoming
North Dakota
Louisiana
United States
25.97
25.00
23.66
22.00
21.96
21.71
21.04
21.00
20.82
20.80
20.43
19.72
19.66
18.84
18.41
18.25
18.23
17.91
17.60
17.37
17.30
17.18
16.78
16.75
16.60
16.55
16.53
16.50
16.49
16.49
16.48
16.18
15.82
15.80
15.73
15.69
15.52
15.49
15.38
15.31
15.14
15.12
15.11
15.04
14.81
14.69
14.11
13.90
13.43
11.99
11.78
17.03
Note: Rankings based on unrounded data.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.cfm.
Sources: Consumption: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), "State Energy Data 2009:
Consumption" (June 2011), Tables C10 and C11. Expenditures and Prices: EIA, "State Energy Data
2009: Prices and Expenditures" (June 2011), Table E15. "State Energy Data 2009" includes State-level
data by end-use sector and type of energy. Consumption estimates are annual 1960 through 2009, and
price and expenditure estimates are annual 1970 through 2009.
15
Figure 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2010

1,188
(1977)
1,200
1,070
(1989)
958
(1978)
1,000
831
(1960)
Heating Degree-Days
800
668
(1976)
683
(1956)
687
(2006)
600
577
(1954)
400
494
(2000)
367
(1976)
396
(2001)
449
(1975)
Record High Monthly Value (Year of Record)

260
(1981)
(1985)
2009- 2010 Heating Season
200
30-Year Monthly Normal
162
(1963)
Record Low Monthly Value (Year of Record)
0
October
16
November
Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.
December
January
February
Source: Table 1.7.
March
April
Table 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year
January
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
858
761
927
884
907
1,063
821
974
1,188
1,061
1,079
887
984
1,067
874
1,000
1,057
859
920
1,004
789
728
921
852
860
1,031
847
945
932
765
861
886
935
776
944
968
859
687
841
892
969
940
917
Normal1
February
March
April
May
June
July
701
721
759
780
780
758
742
609
751
958
950
831
689
776
706
645
807
734
714
778
832
655
639
644
827
813
750
748
672
623
647
643
725
669
801
766
676
731
853
741
705
820
611
693
600
831
738
685
686
544
529
677
575
680
620
620
588
704
557
542
573
594
603
535
564
603
664
594
556
713
552
596
645
494
669
622
572
495
648
600
502
617
583
552
330
412
272
278
355
344
449
309
270
350
364
338
260
408
421
371
260
295
309
344
344
321
287
345
368
293
375
360
406
331
319
341
302
281
344
303
305
264
372
319
330
263
128
162
121
160
114
120
117
178
119
157
148
142
165
114
189
172
123
123
107
134
163
184
98
152
128
174
174
165
198
109
139
115
115
184
165
107
186
137
111
183
132
132
21
40
48
33
48
31
37
28
38
31
37
49
25
62
35
28
47
30
20
30
32
29
30
46
38
21
31
27
31
41
31
29
29
23
41
37
25
23
24
26
40
27
7
11
9
7
11
4
5
8
6
7
6
5
6
7
6
7
5
9
8
3
5
6
6
14
11
6
4
8
7
4
5
12
8
3
4
7
3
2
5
5
14
5
9
18
6
11
14
9
13
19
13
11
15
10
11
19
5
7
17
18
13
5
14
10
7
24
9
16
7
9
16
5
12
12
6
8
5
20
6
9
7
13
12
7
94
85
56
48
78
55
100
81
59
59
58
54
76
75
53
88
69
76
61
72
73
56
69
74
89
65
77
72
63
33
62
69
69
37
62
47
39
82
44
52
60
50
209
196
237
254
271
253
235
367
295
283
271
316
327
264
251
223
243
258
345
352
259
246
242
301
302
268
233
276
273
245
275
244
260
298
260
251
236
304
175
281
330
234
732
593
345
159
39
15
77
282
1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary.
Notes: This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor
air temperature. Heating degree-days are deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65 F. For
example, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 40 F would report 25 heating
degree-days. Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-wide
degree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in July 2001, data are weighted by the
August
September
October
November
December
Total
503
565
600
502
494
541
462
668
493
517
528
564
504
515
509
565
506
558
491
506
542
457
586
564
580
479
605
630
592
482
413
610
396
560
477
487
466
467
521
534
441
522
763
872
886
936
739
801
805
941
844
847
750
831
845
692
990
704
951
793
773
831
1,070
789
751
822
824
723
872
760
800
717
760
1,005
689
812
784
802
866
690
800
831
877
909
4,234
4,536
4,521
4,724
4,549
4,664
4,472
4,726
4,605
4,958
4,781
4,707
4,512
4,619
4,627
4,514
4,642
4,295
4,334
4,653
4,726
4,016
4,200
4,441
4,700
4,483
4,531
4,713
4,542
3,951
4,169
4,460
4,203
4,273
4,459
4,290
4,315
3,996
4,255
4,494
4,493
4,461
539
817
4,524
2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are aggregated into Census divisions and the
national average.
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary for all data beginning in 1949.
For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historical Climatology Series 5-1.
17
Figure 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2010

388
(2006)
400
366
(2007)
Cooling Degree-Days
300
285
(2010)
268
(1950)
215
(1998)
(2005)
228
(1992)
200
147
(1991)
161
(1955)
118
(1967)
100
53
(2002)
(2006)
83
(1963)
Record High Monthly Value (Year of Record)

2010 Cooling Season
64
(1976)
30-Year Monthly Normal

27
(1976)
Record Low Monthly Value (Year of Record)
13
(1983)
0
April
18
May
June
July
August
Source: Table 1.8.
September
October
Table 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year
January
February
March
April
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
16
27
6
7
9
3
14
5
2
3
4
9
3
6
6
5
3
8
5
5
15
15
10
6
13
7
7
7
8
12
12
10
3
8
5
6
10
13
10
7
7
3
14
12
7
4
7
4
11
11
5
1
4
4
6
10
5
6
5
10
7
5
7
14
9
10
5
9
7
6
11
7
11
10
12
6
7
6
7
5
5
11
7
2
14
13
20
6
10
10
14
23
21
10
13
13
10
21
9
14
22
17
13
13
19
21
19
15
11
18
18
8
31
10
12
25
11
17
24
28
12
18
29
17
17
7
18
Normal1
May
June
July
27
21
45
37
42
36
24
27
35
31
32
23
52
26
13
24
39
33
23
28
36
29
42
29
19
37
29
26
19
23
40
28
37
53
30
29
24
53
23
31
29
34
110
105
121
76
125
104
117
64
121
93
82
95
75
115
72
92
108
106
127
89
88
86
147
77
91
76
91
116
81
135
94
131
114
92
110
138
82
109
119
91
117
126
253
201
161
215
179
201
203
208
212
218
187
199
257
165
193
233
193
231
244
218
208
234
235
170
207
262
202
226
189
228
219
221
220
243
187
208
250
236
236
264
222
285
367
268
381
301
280
323
301
282
351
310
295
374
333
318
353
291
313
340
334
359
312
316
336
286
347
328
348
299
315
350
374
284
302
370
336
299
367
388
310
334
284
380
294
244
355
302
273
313
296
243
293
300
266
347
275
262
362
312
269
259
298
348
266
291
305
228
317
263
363
287
268
337
305
302
333
332
345
252
351
337
366
283
307
356
33
104
216
323
292
1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary.
Notes: This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor
air temperature. Cooling degree-days are deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65 F. For
example, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 78 F would report 13 cooling
degree-days. Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-wide
degree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the
August
September
October
November
December
Total
131
128
182
181
155
185
120
127
180
180
160
192
138
140
172
143
145
161
156
149
138
172
149
150
146
141
150
139
171
215
152
156
138
202
156
177
215
138
191
171
169
195
70
78
50
59
48
48
55
27
44
52
53
42
43
47
58
70
68
52
40
45
49
57
62
49
47
50
61
45
48
62
55
50
46
57
65
67
55
46
82
48
47
55
12
9
10
15
19
6
12
8
15
19
11
10
12
15
12
9
25
23
14
18
16
16
8
13
11
20
12
14
10
20
17
8
18
11
21
17
20
14
16
12
16
13
10
4
6
3
6
9
5
4
6
9
6
5
5
11
5
15
4
9
8
6
2
9
9
7
4
9
5
7
5
11
6
4
11
5
4
5
4
11
12
8
7
1
1,318
1,110
1,344
1,206
1,153
1,242
1,172
1,029
1,285
1,226
1,113
1,313
1,209
1,136
1,260
1,214
1,194
1,249
1,269
1,283
1,156
1,260
1,331
1,040
1,218
1,220
1,293
1,180
1,156
1,410
1,297
1,229
1,245
1,396
1,290
1,232
1,397
1,368
1,399
1,277
1,229
1,457
160
56
16
1,242
2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are aggregated into Census divisions and the
national average.
19
Figure 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division

U.S. Heating Degree-Days, 1949-2010
6,000
High: 4,958 (1978)
Degree-Days
5,000
4,000
30-Year Normal: 4,524
3,000
Low: 3,951 (1998)
2,000
1,000
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, 2010

8,000
30-Year Normal
6,612
Degree-Days
6,000
6,498
5,942
5,910
6,750
2010
6,584
6,207
5,455
5,209
4,954
3,994
4,000
3,603
3,226
3,219
2,853
2,286
3,171
2,521
2,000
0
New
England
1
2
20
Middle
Atlantic
East North
Central
Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

West North
Central
South
Atlantic
East South
Central
West South
Central
Note: See Appendix C for map of Census divisions.

Source: Table 1.9.
Mountain
Pacific
Table 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
East North
Central
West North
Central
South
Atlantic
East South
Central
West South
Central
Mountain
Pacific 1
United
States 1
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
5,829
6,470
6,577
6,561
6,825
6,839
6,362
6,839
6,579
7,061
6,348
6,900
6,612
6,697
6,305
6,442
6,571
6,517
6,546
6,715
6,887
5,848
5,960
6,844
6,728
6,672
6,559
6,679
6,661
5,680
5,952
6,489
6,055
6,099
6,851
6,612
6,551
5,809
6,501
6,395
6,646
5,942
5,091
5,765
5,708
5,901
5,933
5,943
5,477
6,097
5,889
6,330
5,851
6,143
5,989
5,866
5,733
5,777
5,660
5,665
5,699
6,088
6,134
4,998
5,177
5,964
5,948
5,934
5,831
5,986
5,809
4,812
5,351
5,774
5,323
5,372
6,090
5,749
5,804
5,050
5,623
5,643
5,799
5,455
5,801
6,619
6,101
6,544
6,284
6,455
6,169
6,768
6,538
7,095
6,921
6,792
6,446
6,542
6,423
6,418
6,546
6,150
5,810
6,590
6,834
5,681
5,906
6,297
6,646
6,378
6,664
6,947
6,617
5,278
5,946
6,284
5,824
6,122
6,528
6,199
6,241
5,712
6,096
6,696
6,540
6,207
6,479
7,136
6,630
6,884
6,646
6,835
6,678
6,670
6,506
7,324
7,369
6,652
6,115
7,000
6,901
6,582
7,119
6,231
5,712
6,634
6,996
6,011
6,319
6,262
7,168
6,509
6,804
7,345
6,761
5,774
5,921
6,456
6,184
6,465
6,539
6,290
6,202
5,799
6,374
7,112
6,837
6,584
2,367
2,713
2,786
3,147
2,830
2,997
2,640
3,040
3,047
3,187
2,977
3,099
3,177
2,721
3,057
2,791
2,736
2,686
2,937
3,122
2,944
2,230
2,503
2,852
2,981
2,724
2,967
3,106
2,845
2,429
2,652
2,959
2,641
2,671
2,891
2,748
2,844
2,535
2,584
2,782
2,879
3,219
2,942
3,315
3,314
3,958
3,374
3,685
3,336
3,881
3,812
4,062
3,900
3,855
3,757
3,357
3,892
3,451
3,602
3,294
3,466
3,800
3,713
2,929
3,211
3,498
3,768
3,394
3,626
3,782
3,664
3,025
3,142
3,548
3,312
3,420
3,503
3,289
3,402
3,239
3,213
3,641
3,588
3,994
2,133
1,974
2,083
2,551
2,078
2,396
2,187
2,446
2,330
2,764
2,694
2,378
2,162
2,227
2,672
2,194
2,466
2,058
2,292
2,346
2,439
1,944
2,178
2,145
2,489
2,108
2,145
2,285
2,418
2,021
1,835
2,194
2,187
2,307
2,230
2,088
2,051
1,863
2,156
2,178
2,212
2,521
5,483
4,930
5,517
5,328
5,318
5,436
5,693
5,303
5,060
5,370
5,564
5,052
4,671
5,544
5,359
5,592
5,676
4,870
5,153
5,148
5,173
5,146
5,259
5,054
5,514
5,002
4,953
5,011
5,188
5,059
4,768
4,881
4,895
5,018
4,605
4,844
4,759
4,778
4,830
5,114
5,016
4,954
3,729
3,355
3,723
3,309
3,378
3,257
3,623
3,115
3,135
3,168
3,202
2,986
2,841
3,449
3,073
3,149
3,441
2,807
3,013
2,975
3,061
3,148
3,109
2,763
3,052
3,155
2,784
2,860
2,754
3,255
3,158
3,012
3,136
3,132
2,918
2,925
2,959
3,116
3,113
3,186
3,150
3,171
4,234
4,536
4,521
4,724
4,549
4,664
4,472
4,726
4,605
4,958
4,781
4,707
4,512
4,619
4,627
4,514
4,642
4,295
4,334
4,653
4,726
4,016
4,200
4,441
4,700
4,483
4,531
4,713
4,542
3,951
4,169
4,460
4,203
4,273
4,459
4,290
4,315
3,996
4,255
4,494
4,493
4,461
6,612
5,910
6,498
6,750
2,853
3,603
2,286
5,209
3,226
4,524
Normal2
1

P=Preliminary.
Notes: Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Heating degree-days are
deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65 F. For example, a weather station recording a mean
daily temperature of 40 F would report 25 heating degree-days. Temperature information recorded by
weather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population.
2
Beginning in July 2001, data are weighted by the 2000 population. The population-weighted State figures
are aggregated into Census divisions and the national average. See Appendix C for map of Census
divisions.
21
Figure 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division

U.S. Cooling Degree-Days, 1949-2010
2,000
High: 1,457 (2010)
30-Year Normal: 1,242
Degree-Days
1,500
1,000
Low: 1,029 (1976)
500
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, 2010

4,000
30-Year Normal
2010
Degree-Days
3,000
2,750
2,477
2,267
2,004
1,982
2,000
1,564
1,308
997
1,000
657
665
975
949
1,450
1,123
755
731
655
441
0
New
England
1
2
22
Middle
Atlantic
East North
Central

West North
Central
South
Atlantic
East South
Central
West South
Central
Note: See Appendix C for map of Census divisions.

Source: Table 1.10.
Mountain
Pacific
Table 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Normal2
1
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
East North
Central
West North
Central
South
Atlantic
East South
Central
West South
Central
Mountain
United
States 1
654
353
602
368
352
479
467
402
407
378
434
487
436
321
538
468
372
301
406
545
426
477
511
276
486
548
507
400
395
505
631
317
519
570
522
402
642
528
484
497
362
657
901
542
934
640
638
779
708
597
689
615
588
793
657
541
799
649
627
626
729
782
658
656
854
460
764
722
803
623
586
788
882
542
722
863
685
670
990
778
788
745
587
997
949
602
1,043
722
688
827
788
619
823
741
618
816
658
643
934
724
643
738
918
975
652
647
959
449
735
664
921
629
574
889
855
658
744
933
645
604
960
752
900
698
547
975
1,038
729
1,238
961
914
1,066
1,003
939
1,122
1,027
871
1,217
924
859
1,178
955
830
1,021
1,115
1,230
864
983
1,125
637
817
887
985
821
873
1,138
970
1,023
1,028
1,087
946
752
1,094
1,079
1,135
847
720
1,123
2,128
1,919
2,045
1,926
1,931
2,007
2,011
1,675
2,020
1,972
1,833
2,075
1,889
1,958
1,925
1,865
2,004
2,149
2,067
1,923
1,977
2,143
2,197
1,777
2,092
2,005
2,081
1,867
1,886
2,277
2,024
1,929
1,891
2,209
2,007
2,037
2,081
2,037
2,212
1,987
2,025
2,267
1,776
1,568
1,791
1,613
1,634
1,662
1,520
1,232
1,808
1,685
1,412
1,834
1,576
1,537
1,579
1,508
1,596
1,792
1,718
1,582
1,417
1,622
1,758
1,293
1,622
1,448
1,671
1,474
1,393
1,928
1,733
1,736
1,535
1,808
1,494
1,549
1,696
1,670
1,927
1,560
1,497
2,004
2,510
2,473
2,643
2,492
2,579
2,375
2,261
2,035
2,720
2,638
2,242
2,734
2,498
2,502
2,288
2,469
2,599
2,618
2,368
2,422
2,295
2,579
2,499
2,201
2,369
2,422
2,448
2,515
2,361
3,026
2,645
2,787
2,565
2,545
2,522
2,485
2,636
2,776
2,488
2,494
2,570
2,750
1,198
1,120
1,124
1,308
961
1,163
1,031
1,058
1,256
1,174
1,164
1,202
1,331
1,121
1,174
1,190
1,210
1,188
1,196
1,320
1,330
1,294
1,182
1,206
1,113
1,436
1,234
1,381
1,335
1,271
1,242
1,488
1,498
1,543
1,639
1,376
1,457
1,586
1,663
1,504
1,504
1,450
593
597
560
770
542
689
547
620
715
738
770
658
876
619
776
956
737
664
706
729
685
827
672
905
708
801
754
856
921
732
635
756
794
739
941
823
728
916
811
868
884
655
1,318
1,110
1,344
1,206
1,153
1,242
1,172
1,029
1,285
1,226
1,113
1,313
1,209
1,136
1,260
1,214
1,194
1,249
1,269
1,283
1,156
1,260
1,331
1,040
1,218
1,220
1,293
1,180
1,156
1,410
1,297
1,229
1,245
1,396
1,290
1,232
1,397
1,368
1,399
1,277
1,229
1,457
441
665
731
949
1,982
1,564
2,477
1,308
755
1,242

P=Preliminary.
Notes: Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Cooling degree-days are
deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65 F. For example, a weather station recording a mean
daily temperature of 78 F would report 13 cooling degree-days. Temperature information recorded by
weather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population.
2
Pacific 1
Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the 2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are
aggregated into Census divisions and the national average. See Appendix C for map of Census
divisions.
23
Figure 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency

Total and U.S. Department of Defense, Fiscal Years
1975-2010
U.S. Department of Defense and Non-Defense Agencies, Fiscal Years

1975-2010
1,600
1,600
Defense
1,200
1,200
Trillion Btu
Trillion Btu
Total
Non-Defense
800
800
Defense
400
400
Non-Defense
0
1975
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Non-Defense Agencies, Fiscal Year 2010

50
42.2
40
37.8
Trillion Btu
32.1
30
30.2
18.8
20
15.8
10.3
10
10.1
8.3
6.8
5.7
Agriculture
Transportation
0
Postal
Service
1
Energy
Veterans
Affairs
General Services Administration.

Health and Human Services.
3
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
4
See Table 1.11 for list of agencies.
2
24
GSA
Justice
HHS
NASA
Interior
Other 4
Note: The U.S. Governments fiscal year was October 1 through September 30, except in
1975 and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30.
Source: Table 1.11.
Table 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2010
(Trillion Btu)
Year
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
Agriculture
9.5
9.3
8.9
9.1
9.2
8.6
7.9
7.6
7.4
7.9
8.4
6.8
7.3
7.8
8.7
9.6
9.6
9.1
9.3
9.4
9.0
9.1
7.4
7.9
7.8
7.4
7.4
7.2
7.7
7.0
7.5
6.8
6.8
R6.5
6.6
6.8
Defense
Energy
GSA 1
HHS 2
Interior
Justice
NASA 3
Postal
Service
1,360.2
1,183.3
1,192.3
1,157.8
1,175.8
1,183.1
1,239.5
1,264.5
1,248.3
1,292.1
1,250.6
1,222.8
1,280.5
1,165.8
1,274.4
1,241.7
1,269.3
1,104.0
1,048.8
977.0
926.0
904.5
880.0
837.1
810.7
779.1
787.2
837.5
902.3
960.7
933.2
843.7
864.6
R893.0
R879.8
889.6
50.4
50.3
51.6
50.1
49.6
47.4
47.3
49.0
49.5
51.6
52.2
46.9
48.5
49.9
44.2
43.5
42.1
44.3
43.4
42.1
47.3
44.6
43.1
31.5
27.0
30.5
31.1
30.7
31.6
31.4
29.6
32.9
31.5
R31.5
31.1
32.1
22.3
20.6
20.4
20.4
19.6
18.1
18.0
18.1
16.1
16.2
20.7
14.0
13.1
12.4
12.7
17.5
14.0
13.8
14.1
14.0
13.7
14.5
14.4
14.1
14.4
17.6
18.4
17.5
19.6
18.3
18.4
18.2
19.1
R18.8
18.6
18.8
6.5
6.7
6.9
6.5
6.4
6.0
6.7
6.4
6.2
6.4
6.0
6.2
6.6
6.4
6.7
7.1
6.2
6.8
7.2
7.5
6.1
6.6
7.9
7.4
7.1
8.0
8.5
8.0
10.1
8.8
9.6
9.3
9.9
R10.5
10.8
10.3
9.4
9.4
9.5
9.2
10.4
8.5
7.6
7.4
7.7
8.4
7.8
6.9
6.6
7.0
7.1
7.4
7.1
7.0
7.5
7.9
6.4
4.3
6.6
6.4
7.5
7.8
9.5
8.2
8.2
8.7
8.6
8.1
7.5
R7.9
7.9
8.3
5.9
5.7
5.9
5.9
6.4
5.7
5.4
5.8
5.5
6.4
8.2
8.6
8.1
9.4
7.7
7.0
8.0
7.5
9.1
10.3
10.2
12.1
12.0
15.8
15.4
19.7
19.7
17.7
22.7
17.5
18.8
23.5
20.7
R18.9
16.5
15.8
13.4
12.4
12.0
11.2
11.1
10.4
10.0
10.1
10.3
10.6
10.9
11.2
11.3
11.3
12.4
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.4
12.6
12.4
11.5
12.0
11.7
11.4
11.1
10.9
10.7
10.8
9.9
10.3
10.2
10.6
10.2
10.2
10.1
30.5
30.0
32.7
30.9
29.3
27.2
27.9
27.5
26.5
27.7
27.8
28.0
28.5
29.6
30.3
30.6
30.8
31.7
33.7
35.0
36.2
36.4
40.8
39.5
39.8
43.3
43.4
41.6
50.9
50.5
53.5
51.8
45.8
R47.0
44.2
42.2

4 Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Tennessee
Valley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation, Federal Trade Commission,
Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Homeland
Security, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Railroad Retirement Board, Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S.
Department of the Treasury, Small Business Administration, Office of Personnel Management, Central
Intelligence Agency, Consumer Product Safety Commission, Social Security Administration, U.S.
Information Agency (International Broadcasting Bureau), Corporation for National Community Service,
Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency, Federal Housing Finance Agency, National Labor
Relations Board, Securities and Exchange Commission, National Capital Planning Commission, Office of
Special Counsel, and Peace Corps and Broadcasting Board of Governors.
2
3
Transportation
19.3
19.5
20.4
20.6
19.6
19.2
18.8
19.1
19.4
19.8
19.6
19.4
19.0
18.7
18.5
19.0
19.0
17.0
19.4
19.8
18.7
19.6
19.1
18.5
22.6
21.2
17.8
18.3
5.6
5.2
5.0
4.6
5.6
R6.4
4.3
5.7
Veterans
Affairs
27.1
25.0
25.9
26.8
25.7
24.8
24.0
24.2
24.1
24.6
25.1
25.0
24.9
26.3
26.2
24.9
25.1
25.3
25.7
25.6
25.4
26.8
27.3
27.6
27.5
27.0
27.7
27.7
30.5
29.9
30.0
29.3
30.0
R28.9
29.9
30.2
Other 4
10.5
11.2
11.9
12.4
12.3
12.3
11.1
11.6
10.8
10.7
13.1
10.8
11.9
15.8
15.6
17.5
18.1
15.7
16.2
17.1
17.9
18.5
21.6
20.3
20.6
21.0
21.4
19.8
36.2
39.2
37.2
33.2
33.2
R36.6
35.3
37.8
Total
1,565.0
1,383.4
1,398.5
1,360.9
1,375.4
1,371.2
1,424.2
1,451.4
1,431.8
1,482.5
1,450.3
1,406.7
1,466.3
1,360.3
1,464.7
1,438.0
1,461.7
1,294.8
1,246.8
1,178.2
1,129.3
1,108.5
1,092.0
1,037.9
1,011.6
993.8
1,003.0
1,044.8
1,136.3
1,187.0
1,161.6
1,071.5
1,085.3
R1,116.2
R1,095.1
1,107.7
Notes: For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Governments fiscal year was July 1 through June 30. Beginning
in 1977, the U.S. Governments fiscal year is October 1 through September 30 (for example, fiscal year
2010 is October 2009 through September 2010). Data in this table are developed using the following
conversion factors (which in most cases are different from those in Tables A1-A6)coal: 24.580 million
Btu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; fuel oil: 5.8254
million Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petroleum gases: 4.011 million Btu/barrel;
motor gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kilowatthour; and purchased steam: 1,000
Btu/pound. Data include energy consumed at foreign installations and in foreign operations, including
aviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Government energy use
for electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. Totals may not equal sum of components
Web Page:
See http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/regulations/facility_reporting.html for related
information.
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Federal
Energy Management Program.
25
Figure 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2010
Total U.S. Government Energy Consumption
1.8
1.57
1.5
Quadrillion Btu
1.2
1.11
0.9
0.6
0.3
0.0
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
By Major Energy Source
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
By Selected Petroleum Product
1,200
800
1,000
600
Petroleum
Jet Fuel
Trillion Btu
Trillion Btu
800
600
400
Fuel Oil1
400
200
Electricity
200
Coal
0
1975
1
1980
1985
1990
1995
Motor Gasoline2
Natural Gas
2000
2005
2010
Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.

Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
Note: U.S. Governments fiscal year was October 1 through September 30, except in 1975
26
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30.

Source: Table 1.12.
1995
2000
2005
2010
Table 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2010
(Trillion Btu)
Petroleum
Year
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
Coal
77.9
71.3
68.4
66.0
65.1
63.5
65.1
68.6
62.4
65.3
64.8
63.8
67.0
60.2
48.7
44.3
45.9
51.7
38.3
35.0
31.7
23.3
22.5
23.9
21.2
22.7
18.8
16.9
17.7
17.4
17.1
23.5
20.4
R20.8
20.3
20.1
Natural
Gas 1
166.2
151.8
141.2
144.7
148.9
147.3
142.2
146.2
147.8
157.4
149.9
140.9
145.6
144.6
152.4
159.4
154.1
151.2
152.9
143.9
149.7
147.4
154.0
140.7
137.6
134.0
133.9
134.1
139.7
134.8
135.1
132.0
130.8
R128.9
131.1
129.0
Aviation
Gasoline
22.0
11.6
8.8
6.2
4.7
4.9
4.6
3.6
2.6
1.9
1.9
1.4
1.0
6.0
.8
.5
.4
1.0
.7
.6
.3
.2
.3
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
.2
.4
.6
.4
R.4
.3
.4
Fuel Oil 2
Jet Fuel
376.0
329.7
348.5
332.3
327.1
307.7
351.3
349.4
329.5
342.9
292.6
271.6
319.5
284.8
245.3
245.2
232.6
200.6
187.0
198.5
178.5
170.6
180.1
174.6
162.2
171.4
177.0
165.7
189.8
259.8
239.8
207.8
211.4
R181.4
169.0
156.8
707.4
610.0
619.2
601.1
618.6
638.7
653.3
672.7
673.4
693.7
705.7
710.2
702.3
617.2
761.7
732.4
774.5
628.2
612.4
550.7
522.3
513.0
475.7
445.5
444.7
403.1
415.2
472.9
517.9
508.2
492.2
442.6
461.1
R524.3
505.6
535.8
LPG 3
and Other 4
Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.

3 Liquefied petroleum gases.
4 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,
compressed natural gas, and biodiesel.
5 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
6 "Other" is chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.
2
5.6
4.7
4.1
3.0
3.7
4.0
3.7
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.0
3.9
4.0
3.2
5.7
6.4
9.0
11.4
9.3
10.9
11.4
21.7
17.2
9.4
2.9
4.3
7.9
6.0
6.6
6.0
9.0
4.7
5.6
R4.6
13.6
4.8
Motor
Gasoline 5
63.2
60.4
61.4
60.1
59.1
56.5
53.2
53.1
51.6
51.2
50.4
45.3
43.1
41.2
41.1
37.2
34.1
35.6
34.5
29.5
31.9
27.6
39.0
43.1
41.1
43.9
42.5
41.3
45.7
43.5
48.2
47.8
46.0
R48.1
48.7
50.3
Total
Electricity
1,174.2
1,016.4
1,042.1
1,002.9
1,013.1
1,011.8
1,066.2
1,082.8
1,061.1
1,093.8
1,054.6
1,032.4
1,069.9
952.4
1,054.5
1,021.7
1,050.7
876.8
843.9
790.2
744.4
733.2
712.2
672.8
650.9
622.9
642.9
686.1
760.3
817.8
789.6
703.5
724.5
R758.8
737.2
748.1
141.5
139.3
141.1
141.0
141.2
141.9
144.5
147.5
151.5
155.9
167.2
155.8
169.9
171.2
188.6
193.6
192.7
192.5
193.1
190.9
185.3
184.5
184.0
181.8
180.4
194.0
188.8
189.1
196.1
195.4
195.9
194.9
193.2
R193.6
189.3
192.2
Purchased
Steam
and Other 6
5.1
4.6
5.7
6.4
7.1
6.8
6.2
6.2
9.0
10.1
13.9
13.7
13.9
32.0
20.6
19.1
18.3
22.5
18.6
18.2
18.2
20.1
19.2
18.8
21.5
20.2
18.6
18.5
22.5
21.6
23.9
17.7
16.4
R14.1
R17.3
18.4
Total
1,565.0
1,383.4
1,398.5
1,360.9
1,375.4
1,371.2
1,424.2
1,451.4
1,431.8
1,482.5
1,450.3
1,406.7
1,466.3
1,360.3
1,464.7
1,438.0
1,461.7
1,294.8
1,246.8
1,178.2
1,129.3
1,108.5
1,092.0
1,037.9
1,011.6
993.8
1,003.0
1,044.8
1,136.3
1,187.0
1,161.6
1,071.5
1,085.3
R1,116.2
R1,095.1
1,107.7
million Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petroleum gases: 4.011 million Btu/barrel; motor
gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kilowatthour; and purchased steam: 1,000
Web Page:
information.
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Federal Energy
Management Program.
27
Figure 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2009, and 2010
By Agency
800
All Other Agencies
Department of Defense
697 680 689
600
Trillion Btu
2003
2009
2010
400
200
101 101 102
77
74
73
28
25
63
26
58
59
95
88
90
63
57
56
13
13
13
0
Petroleum
Electricity
Natural Gas
Coal, Purchased
Steam, and Other3
Petroleum
Electricity
Natural Gas
Coal, Purchased
Steam, and Other3
By Source
1,200
2003
2009
1,136
2010
1,095 1,108
1,000
Trillion Btu
800
600
760
518
506
737
748
536
400
190
200
169
196
157
46
49
50
0
Jet Fuel
1
Fuel Oil
Motor
Gasoline5
14
28
192
140
131
129
40
All Other
Petroleum6
Includes small amount of renewable energy; see Table 1.13, footnote 8.

3
Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.
4
5
2
189
Total
Petroleum
Electricity
Natural Gas
38
39
Coal, Purchased
Steam, and Other3
Total
6
Aviation gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, and other types of fuel used in vehicles and
equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol, compressed natural gas, and
biodiesel.
Note: The U.S. Governments fiscal year runs from October 1 through September 30.
Source: Table 1.13.
Table 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2009, and 2010
(Trillion Btu)
Resource
and Fiscal Years
Coal
2003 .....................................
2009 .....................................
2010 P ..................................
Natural Gas 5
2003 .....................................
2009 .....................................
2010 P ..................................
Petroleum
2003 .....................................
2009 .....................................
2010 P ..................................
Aviation Gasoline
2003 .....................................
2009 .....................................
2010 P ..................................
Fuel Oil 6
2003 .....................................
2009 .....................................
2010 P ..................................
Jet Fuel
2003 .....................................
2009 .....................................
2010 P ..................................
LPG 7 and Other 8
2003 .....................................
2009 .....................................
2010 P ..................................
Motor Gasoline 9
2003 .....................................
2009 .....................................
2010 P ..................................
Electricity
2003 .....................................
2009 .....................................
2010 P ..................................
Purchased Steam and Other 10
2003 .....................................
2009 .....................................
2010 P ..................................
Total Energy
2003 .....................................
2009 .....................................
2010 P ..................................
1
2
3
4
Agriculture
Defense
Energy
GSA 1
HHS 2
Interior
Justice
NASA 3
Postal
Service
Transportation
Veterans
Affairs
Other 4
Total
(s)
0.0
(s)
15.4
16.2
15.5
2.0
3.9
4.5
0.0
.0
.0
(s)
.0
.0
(s)
(s)
0.0
0.0
.0
.0
0.0
.0
.0
0.0
.0
(s)
0.0
.0
.0
0.2
.2
.1
0.0
.0
.0
17.7
20.3
20.1
1.4
1.2
1.4
76.6
74.2
72.9
7.0
6.3
7.1
7.6
6.9
7.0
3.7
6.3
5.9
1.3
1.2
1.1
8.6
7.6
6.8
2.9
2.8
2.6
10.4
5.1
4.5
.7
.6
.3
15.6
15.1
14.9
4.2
3.9
4.3
139.7
131.1
129.0
3.3
3.2
3.2
697.1
679.7
688.8
3.0
2.6
2.8
.2
.2
.2
1.5
.9
.8
4.4
4.1
3.8
6.5
3.4
3.4
1.4
1.0
1.2
18.2
19.6
19.4
1.6
1.1
1.5
2.8
2.1
2.1
20.3
19.3
20.8
760.3
737.2
748.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.2
(s)
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
(s)
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
.0
.0
.0
(s)
(s)
(s)
.0
.0
.0
(s)
(s)
(s)
.3
.3
.4
.4
.6
.6
166.5
148.8
138.2
2.0
1.7
1.6
.1
.1
.1
.9
.6
.6
1.2
1.3
1.3
.4
.3
.3
.4
.3
.3
5.1
4.9
4.6
.3
.2
.2
1.9
1.1
1.1
10.7
9.0
7.9
189.8
169.0
156.8
.0
.0
.0
509.9
500.6
529.0
(s)
(s)
.2
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
.1
(s)
1.5
.1
.2
.6
.5
.8
.0
.0
.0
.6
.5
.5
.0
.0
.0
5.2
3.9
5.1
517.9
505.6
535.8
.7
.5
.4
4.2
10.7
2.7
.1
.3
.4
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.7
.8
.4
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.3
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.1
.3
.8
.3
6.6
13.6
4.8
2.2
2.1
2.2
16.5
19.4
18.6
.9
.6
.6
.1
.1
.1
.5
.2
.2
2.4
1.9
2.1
4.5
2.9
2.8
.2
.1
.1
12.9
14.4
14.5
.7
.4
.6
.9
.9
.9
4.1
5.6
7.5
45.7
48.7
50.3
2.6
1.8
1.9
101.1
101.1
102.3
18.0
16.8
17.3
10.0
9.8
9.9
3.6
3.4
3.4
2.4
2.4
2.6
7.0
5.0
5.4
5.8
5.5
5.3
21.7
19.4
17.8
3.2
2.5
3.8
10.2
10.8
11.0
10.5
10.9
11.4
196.1
189.3
192.2
12.2
8.6
10.1
1.6
1.5
.5
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.3
.2
.1
.1
.2
.8
.7
.6
.1
.8
.9
.9
.7
.1
.5
(s)
.2
.1
1.7
1.6
2.0
1.2
1.1
1.3
902.3
31.6
31.1
32.1
19.6
18.6
18.8
10.1
10.8
10.3
8.2
7.9
8.3
22.7
16.5
15.8
10.8
10.2
10.1
50.9
44.2
42.2
5.6
4.3
5.7
30.5
29.9
30.2
36.2
35.3
37.8
.3
.5
.3
7.7
6.6
6.8
R879.8
889.6

Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Tennessee
Valley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation, Federal Trade Commission,
Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Homeland
Security, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Railroad Retirement Board, Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S.
Department of the Treasury, Office of Personnel Management, Consumer Product Safety Commission,
Central Intelligence Agency, Social Security Administration, U.S. Information Agency (International
Broadcasting Bureau), Corporation for National Community Service, Court Services and Offender
Supervision Agency, Federal Housing Finance Agency, National Labor Relations Board, Small Business
Administration, Securities and Exchange Commission, National Capital Planning Commission, Office of
Special Counsel, and Peace Corps and Broadcasting Board of Governors.
5 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
6 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.
8 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,
compressed natural gas, and biodiesel.
22.5
17.3
18.4
1,136.3
R1,095.1
1,107.7
9
10

Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 trillion.
million Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petroleum gases: 4.011 million Btu/barrel; motor
gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kilowatthour; and purchased steam: 1,000
Web Page:
information.
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Federal Energy
Management Program.
29
Figure 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands

Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Share of
U.S. Fossil Fuel Production, 1949-2010
25
45
20
36
15
27
2010: 17
10
Percent
Quadrillion Btu
Total, 1949-2010
2010: 29%
18
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1950
2010
By Source, 1949-2010
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Share of

U.S. Fossil Fuel Production, By Source, 2010
12
50
Coal
44
40
8
Percent
Quadrillion Btu
10
Natural Gas
6
Crude Oil
and
Lease
Condensate
4
2
30
20
20
19
14
10
Natural Gas Plant Liquids
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Notes: Data through 2000 are on a calendar-year basis; data for 2001-2010 are on a fiscalyear basis (OctoberSeptember). Federally Administered Lands include all classes of land
30
Coal
Natural Gas
Crude Oil and

Lease Condensate
Natural Gas
Plant Liquids
owned by the Federal Government, including acquired military, Outer Continental Shelf, and
public lands.
Source: Table 1.14.
Table 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Crude Oil and Lease Condensate
Year
Million
Barrels 3
Quadrillion
Btu
Percent of
U.S. Total
Natural Gas Plant Liquids 1

Million
Barrels 3
Quadrillion
Btu
Percent of
U.S. Total
Natural Gas 2
Trillion
Cubic Feet 3
Quadrillion
Btu
Coal
Percent of
U.S. Total
Million
Short Tons 3
2.8
2.4
4.8
7.8
10.2
16.9
23.8
25.2
25.8
29.3
30.1
30.2
32.1
33.5
32.1
33.7
31.8
30.3
33.4
31.9
30.7
36.8
33.8
35.0
36.3
36.0
36.4
38.8
39.3
537.1
638.4
37.2
9.5
7.7
5.9
5.2
8.2
12.0
43.6
86.4
74.8
79.2
84.9
92.9
138.8
130.0
124.3
136.3
184.6
189.7
195.2
225.4
236.3
280.6
285.1
266.7
285.7
321.4
376.9
354.5
362.6
371.1
414.5
440.2
35.7
35.4
31.5
39.4
36.6
27.4
30.1
R24.7
R32.1
20.1
425.4
507.8
446.7
551.1
431.0
466.2
467.5
506.1
490.6
476.4
Quadrillion
Btu
Fossil Fuels
Percent of
U.S. Total
Quadrillion
Btu
Percent of
U.S. Total
0.24
.19
.15
.13
.20
.29
1.00
1.98
1.69
1.76
1.91
2.08
3.10
2.89
2.74
3.00
4.04
4.16
4.28
4.92
5.14
6.12
6.18
5.78
6.12
6.88
8.04
7.56
7.72
7.95
8.73
9.27
2.0
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.6
2.0
6.7
12.6
10.7
11.8
10.9
11.2
16.8
15.5
15.9
15.2
20.9
21.3
21.2
23.7
24.1
27.2
28.5
26.6
30.0
30.9
36.2
33.0
33.0
33.0
37.4
40.7
0.96
.98
1.55
2.77
4.07
7.64
8.99
10.16
10.06
10.61
11.02
11.09
12.53
12.29
11.43
12.62
13.19
12.79
13.45
13.67
13.64
16.05
15.47
15.55
16.17
17.14
18.56
18.79
19.29
518.97
620.07
20.92
3.3
3.0
4.1
6.9
8.6
12.9
16.4
18.6
18.3
19.3
19.0
18.8
21.4
21.4
21.0
21.4
22.9
22.6
23.5
23.6
23.7
27.4
26.7
27.0
29.0
29.5
32.3
32.2
32.8
532.0
634.8
36.5
8.87
10.51
9.18
11.27
8.78
9.47
9.51
10.24
9.83
9.59
38.1
45.7
41.3
49.7
37.8
40.1
40.4
43.3
R43.7
44.2
20.31
21.63
18.18
21.32
18.57
17.80
19.15
18.48
R20.07
16.53
34.9
37.6
32.4
38.1
33.4
32.3
34.0
32.2
35.1
28.7
Calendar-Year Data 4
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
95.2
105.9
159.5
277.3
378.6
605.6
531.5
525.7
535.0
523.6
519.8
510.4
529.3
552.3
568.8
595.8
628.3
608.4
577.3
516.3
488.9
515.9
491.0
529.1
529.3
527.7
567.4
596.5
632.8
5606.3
6628.9
689.2
0.55
.61
.92
1.61
2.20
3.51
3.08
3.05
3.10
3.04
3.01
2.96
3.07
3.20
3.30
3.46
3.64
3.53
3.35
2.99
2.84
2.99
2.85
3.07
3.07
3.06
3.29
3.46
3.67
53.52
63.65
4.00
5.2
5.4
6.4
10.8
13.3
17.2
17.4
17.7
17.8
16.5
16.7
16.2
16.9
17.5
17.9
18.3
19.2
19.2
18.9
17.3
17.6
19.2
18.1
20.2
21.2
21.7
23.7
25.2
26.9
526.6
629.3
32.3
4.4
4.4
6.0
11.6
14.3
40.6
59.7
57.2
57.4
25.9
11.9
10.5
12.3
15.0
14.0
25.4
26.6
23.3
23.7
37.0
45.1
50.9
72.7
70.7
64.4
60.0
74.0
71.2
74.7
560.3
666.5
88.9
0.02
.02
.03
.05
.06
.17
.24
.23
.23
.10
.05
.04
.05
.06
.05
.10
.10
.09
.09
.14
.17
.19
.28
.27
.24
.23
.28
.27
.28
5.23
6.25
.33
2.8
2.4
2.1
3.4
3.2
6.7
10.0
9.7
9.7
4.5
2.1
1.8
2.1
2.7
2.5
4.3
4.5
4.1
4.1
6.2
8.0
8.9
12.0
11.4
10.2
9.5
11.5
10.6
11.3
59.4
69.9
12.7
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
676.5
647.8
8422.6
356.4
439.9
502.1
584.7
476.6
544.3
384.8
3.92
3.76
82.45
2.07
2.55
2.91
3.39
2.76
3.16
2.23
32.0
30.5
820.4
17.7
22.7
27.4
31.5
26.1
R28.5
19.3
93.0
106.5
101.0
110.7
96.6
84.1
94.5
101.3
87.3
97.3
0.35
.40
.38
.41
.36
.31
.35
.38
.32
.36
14.0
15.2
16.0
16.8
14.8
13.7
14.7
15.2
R13.0
13.5
0.15
.14
.43
.95
1.56
3.56
4.57
4.81
4.94
5.60
5.93
5.85
6.15
5.97
5.17
5.88
5.24
4.87
5.56
5.45
5.32
6.55
5.99
6.25
6.56
6.78
6.78
7.31
7.43
57.06
67.24
7.14
0.15
.15
.45
.98
1.61
3.67
4.67
4.91
5.04
5.71
6.05
6.01
6.31
6.14
5.33
6.07
5.41
5.01
5.73
5.61
5.49
6.74
6.17
6.43
6.74
6.97
6.96
7.50
7.62
57.27
67.44
7.32
Fiscal-Year Data 7
6.98
6.78
6.01
7.38
6.70
4.96
5.73
4.96
6.60
4.24
1 Includes only those quantities for which the royalties were paid on the basis of the value of the natural
gas plant liquids produced. Additional quantities of natural gas plant liquids were produced; however, the
royalties paid were based on the value of natural gas processed. These latter quantities are included with
natural gas.
2 Includes some quantities of natural gas processed into liquids at natural gas processing plants and
fractionators.
3 Data from the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS), are
for sales volumes.
4 Through 2000, data are on a calendar-year (January through December) basis. The only exception is
in 1949-1974 with production from Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1, which is on a fiscal-year (July through
June) basis.
5 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the sale of "Elk Hills," Naval
Petroleum Reserve No. 1.
6 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1998 and 1999; beginning in 1999 Naval Petroleum
Reserve data have become insignificant and are no longer included.
7 Beginning in 2001, data are on a fiscal-year (October through September) basis; for example,
fiscal-year 2006 data are for October 2005 through September 2006.
8 A significant amount of Federal offshore crude oil was diverted to the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
R=Revised.
Note: "Federally Administered Lands" include all classes of land owned by the Federal Government,
7.17
6.96
6.17
7.58
6.88
5.10
5.90
5.09
6.77
4.35
including acquired military, Outer Continental Shelf, and public lands.

For related information, see http://www.onrr.gov/.
Sources: Physical Data (Columns 1, 4, 7, and 10): 1949-1980U.S. Geological Survey (USGS),
Federal and Indian Lands Oil and Gas Production, Royalty Income, and Related Statistics, and Federal and
Indian Lands Coal, Phosphate, Potash, Sodium, and Other Mineral Production, Royalty Income, and
Related Statistics (June 1981); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale
Reserves (NPOSR), unpublished data; and USGS, National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, unpublished
data. 1981-1983DOI, Minerals Management Service (MMS), Mineral Revenues Report on Receipts
from Federal and Indian Leases, annual reports; DOE, NPOSR, unpublished data; and USGS, National
Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, unpublished data. 1984-1998DOI, MMS, Mineral Revenues Report on
Receipts from Federal and Indian Leases, annual reports; and DOE, NPOSR, unpublished data. 1999
and 2000DOI, MMS. Mineral Revenues Report on Receipts from Federal and American Indian Leases,
annual reports. 2001 forwardDOI, MMS, "2001-Forward MRM Statistical Information." Btu Data:
Data in columns 2, 5, 8, and 11 are calculated by multiplying the physical data by approximate heat
contents for total U.S. production in Tables A2, A4, and A5. Data in column 13 are the sum of the other Btu
columns. Percent of U.S. Total: Percentages are calculated by dividing production on federally
administered lands by total U.S. production, then multiplying by 100. Calendar-year values for total U.S.
production are from Tables 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1; fiscal-year values for total U.S. production are the sum of
October-September values from the Monthly Energy Review (April 2011), Tables 3.1, 4.1, and 6.1.
31
Figure 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use Estimates

Total, 1980-2010
As Share of Total Energy Consumption, 1980-2010

9
8
Total
6
Percent
Quadrillion Btu
Petroleum Products
3
2
Natural Gas
Coal
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
By Fuel, 2010
0
1980
2010
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
By Petroleum Product, 2010
1.8
1.6
4.3
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
Natural Gas
Coal
Liquefied petroleum gases.

Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products.
(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.
32
0.9
0.6
0.3
(s)
Petroleum Products
1.1
0.6
1.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
Pentanes
Plus
Petroleum
Coke
(s)
0.0
LPG
Petro- Asphalt
chemical
and
Feed- Road Oil
stocks
Lubricants
Note: See Note2, Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels at end of section.

Source: Table 1.15.
Special Other
Naphthas
Table 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use Estimates, Selected Years, 1980-2010
Petroleum Products
Year
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Pentanes
Plus
Lubricants
Petrochemical
Feedstocks
Petroleum
Coke
Special
Naphthas
Other 1
Total
Natural
Gas
Coal
Total
Percent of
Total Energy
Consumption
4.92
4.18
6.3
5.5
5.9
6.0
R6.1
6.2
6.4
R6.2
R6.1
R6.3
R6.6
R6.7
R6.1
5.9
R5.9
5.8
6.1
R5.8
R5.8
5.7
5.3
R5.2
5.1
Physical Units 2
1980
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
145
156
176
162
166
174
176
178
177
184
190
200
192
189
187
184
196
199
185
180
152
130
132
230
265
340
394
397
389
437
450
470
473
494
520
479
445
465
441
453
428
440
449
421
R455
474
(3)
13
18
10
13
60
56
66
69
65
44
57
51
44
37
37
37
33
23
30
25
R21
23
58
53
60
53
54
55
58
57
55
58
61
62
61
56
55
51
52
51
42
52
48
43
48
253
144
199
203
214
216
224
215
217
250
252
238
243
214
229
247
287
266
265
242
210
R185
195
24
15
37
30
20
17
20
20
15
13
14
14
20
28
19
15
20
15
10
12
13
15
16
9
5
R20
R17
R29
R13
R13
R12
R15
R6
R25
R36
R16
R29
R24
R20
R36
R31
R35
R33
R37
29
12
58
41
39
44
35
R35
35
R33
R33
R34
39
37
R38
R39
38
R36
R34
R34
41
40
41
41
43
805
718
639
500
R873
R547
R900
573
603
618
673
668
681
706
762
752
R724
R626
657
611
R607
R629
R627
R665
R642
R605
626
2.4
1.1
.6
.6
1.2
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.8
.8
.8
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.6
.6
.6
.4
.6
0.65
.52
R.56
.59
.62
.64
.69
.69
.70
R.72
.79
.77
.74
R.64
.68
.63
R.62
R.65
R.64
R.68
.66
R.62
.64
0.08
.03
.02
.02
.04
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
.02
R929
R962
R1,015
R1,025
R1,050
R1,085
R1,126
R1,177
R1,099
R1,031
R1,055
R1,031
R1,106
R1,054
R1,044
R1,041
R951
R914
932
Quadrillion Btu
1980
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
0.96
1.03
1.17
1.08
1.10
1.15
1.17
1.18
1.18
1.22
1.26
1.32
1.28
1.26
1.24
1.22
1.30
1.32
1.26
1.20
1.01
.87
.88
0.78
.90
1.18
1.37
1.39
1.35
1.54
1.58
1.64
1.66
1.73
1.81
1.66
1.55
1.61
1.54
1.57
1.49
1.52
1.54
1.45
R1.54
1.61
(3)
.06
.08
.04
.06
.28
.26
.30
.32
.30
.20
.26
.24
.20
.17
.17
.17
.15
.11
.14
.12
R.10
.11
0.35
.32
.36
.32
.33
.34
.35
.35
.34
.35
.37
.37
.37
.34
.33
.31
.31
.31
.25
.31
.29
.26
.29
1.43
.82
1.12
1.15
1.20
1.22
1.26
1.21
1.21
1.40
1.40
1.33
1.35
1.19
1.27
1.37
1.59
1.47
1.48
1.35
1.17
R1.03
1.09
0.14
.09
R.12
R.11
R.17
R.08
R.08
R.08
R.09
R.04
R.15
R.22
R.10
R.17
R.15
R.12
R.22
R.19
R.21
R.20
R.23
R.18
.07
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products.
Petroleummillion barrels; natural gasbillion cubic feet; and coalmillion short tons.
Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. =Not applicable.
Notes: Estimates of consumption for nonfuel use shown in this table are included in total energy
consumption (see Table 1.3). See Note 2, "Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels," at end of section. Because
of changes in methodology, data series may be revised annually. Estimates of nonfuel use in this table
are considered industrial uses with the exception of approximately half of the lubricants which are
considered transportation use. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
2
3
0.19
.16
.11
.09
.10
.10
.08
.07
.07
.07
.11
.15
.10
.08
.10
.08
.05
.06
.07
.08
.08
R.05
.03
0.34
.24
.23
.26
R.21
.20
.20
.20
.20
R.20
.23
R.22
R.22
R.23
.22
R.21
R.20
R.20
.24
.24
.24
.24
.25
4.19
3.63
R4.38
R4.42
R4.57
R4.72
R4.95
R4.96
R5.04
R5.24
R5.46
R5.68
R5.30
R5.02
R5.10
R5.02
R5.42
R5.19
R5.14
R5.06
R4.59
R4.28
4.33
R4.96
R5.03
R5.23
R5.38
R5.67
R5.68
R5.77
R6.00
R6.27
R6.48
R6.07
R5.68
R5.80
R5.68
R6.07
R5.86
R5.81
R5.76
R5.27
R4.91
4.99
For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.

Sources: Petroleum Products: 1980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data
Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual and Sales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases and Ethane in 1980.
1981 forwardEIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, and unpublished data. Natural Gas:
1980Bureau of the Census, 1980 Survey of Manufactures, Hydrocarbon, Coal, and Coke Materials
Consumed. 1981 forwardU.S. Department of Commerce. Coal: 1980 forwardEIA estimates
based on the methodology underlying the nonfuel emissions calculations in EIAs Emissions of Greenhouse
Gases in the United States 2008. Percent of Total Energy Consumption: Derived by dividing total by
total consumption on Table 1.3.
33
Energy Overview
Note 1. Noncombustible Renewable Energy. Noncombustible renewable energy
is the sum of hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, and wind. In Table 1.3,
total primary consumption of noncombustible renewable energy is reported as the
sum of Captured Energy and the Adjustment for Fossil Fuel Equivalence.
Captured energy represents the energy from noncombustible renewable resources that is
actually "captured" for final use. It includes the electricity generated from noncombustible resources (i.e., net generation from Table 8.2a converted to Btu using the energy
conversion factor of 3,412 Btu/kWh) and the direct consumption of noncombustible
renewable energy. Direct consumption of noncombustible renewable energy
includes: solar thermal direct use energy, residential and commercial self-generated
photovoltaic energy, geothermal energy from heat pumps, and direct use of geothermal energy.
The adjustment for fossil-fuel equivalence represents the energy losses that would
have occurred if electricity from noncombustible renewable resources had been
generated using the average fossil-fuel mix in a given year. The fossil-fuel
34
equivalent value is determined by converting electricity generation to Btu using the

average fossil-fuel heat rate from Table A6. The Adjustment for Fossil Fuel
Equivalence is then calculated as the difference between the fossil-fuel equivalent
value of electricity generated and "captured" electricity generation.
For more information, see Appendix F.
Note 2. Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels. Most fossil fuels consumed in the United
States and elsewhere are combusted to produce heat and power. However, some are
used directly for nonfuel use as construction materials, lubricants, chemical feedstocks, solvents, and waxes. For example, asphalt and road oil are used for roofing
and paving; liquefied petroleum gases are used to create intermediate products that
are used in making plastics; lubricants, including motor oil and greases, are used in
vehicles and various industrial processes; petrochemical feedstocks are used to
make plastics, synthetic fabrics, and related products; and natural gas is used to
make nitrogenous fertilizers and as feedstock in the chemical industry. For more
information, see U.S. Energy Information Administration, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States (Nonfuel Use of Energy Inputs section in
Chapter 2), at http://www.eia.gov/environment/.
Figure 2.0 Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2010

(Quadrillion Btu)
1
Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleumbiofuels are included in
Renewable Energy."
2
Excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.
3
Includes less than 0.1 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net exports.
4
Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, wind, and biomass.
5
Includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
6
Includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only
plants.
7
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to
sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Includes 0.1 quadrillion Btu of electricity net
imports not shown under Source.
Notes: Primary energy in the form that it is first accounted for in a statistical energy balance,
before any transformation to secondary or tertiary forms of energy (for example, coal is used to
generate electricity). Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding.
Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2010, Tables 1.3,
2.1b-2.1f , 10.3, and 10.4.
37
Figure 2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector Overview

Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2010
End-Use Sector Shares of Total Consumption, 2010
40
Industrial
Commercial
Residential
Quadrillion Btu
30
23%
19%
Transportation
20
Residential
10
28%
Commercial
31%
Industrial
Transportation
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Primary and Total Consumption by Sector, 2010
Electric Power Sector, 1949-2010

25
50
Primary Consumption
Total Consumption
39.6
30.1
30
27.4
27.5
22.2
20
10
18.2
20
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
40
20.0
Coal
15
Nuclear Electric
Power
10
Renewable
Energy1
6.8
Natural Gas
4.2
Petroleum
0
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Electric
Power
Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass.

Note: See Primary Energy Consumption in Glossary. Sum of components may not
equal 100 percent due to independent rounding.
38
1950
1960
1970
Sources: Tables 2.1a and 2.1f.
1980
1990
2000
2010
Figure 2.1b Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, 1949-2010

Residential, By Major Source
Commercial, By Major Source
12
12
10
Electrical
Losses
Electrical
Losses
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
10
Renewable Energy
Natural Gas
8
Natural
Gas
Electricity
Petroleum
Electricity
Renewable
Energy
4
2
Petroleum
Coal
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Coal
0
2000
2010
Industrial, By Major Source
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Transportation, By Major Source
12
30
Natural Gas
25
20
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
Petroleum
10
Electrical
Losses
6
Electricity
Petroleum
15
10
Coal
Renewable
Energy
5
Renewable Energy
Natural Gas
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Electrical system energy losses associated with the generation, transmission, and distribution of energy in the form of electricity.
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Electricity retail sales.

Sources: Tables 2.1b2.1e.
39
Table 2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010

(Trillion Btu)
End-Use Sectors
Residential
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Primary 5
Commercial
Total 6
Primary 5
Total 6
Industrial
Primary 5
Transportation
Total 6
Primary 5
Total 6
R4,460
R5,599
R2,669
R3,669
R12,633
R14,724
7,880
7,990
R4,829
R5,989
R2,834
R3,893
R13,890
R16,241
R8,383
R8,492
R5,608
R7,278
R2,561
R3,895
R16,103
R19,485
R6,651
R9,039
R2,723
R4,609
R16,996
R20,842
R9,474
10,560
R10,596
R7,279
R10,639
R3,177
R5,845
R20,148
R25,098
R12,399
R12,432
R8,322
R13,766
R4,237
8,346
R22,964
R29,628
R16,062
16,098
R7,990
R14,813
R4,059
R9,492
R21,434
R29,413
R18,210
R18,245
R8,391
R15,410
R4,371
R10,063
R22,665
R31,393
R19,067
R19,101
R8,194
R15,662
R4,258
R10,208
R23,165
R32,263
R19,786
R19,822
R8,260
R16,132
R4,309
R10,512
R23,244
R32,688
R20,583
R20,617
R7,919
15,813
R15,753
R15,262
R15,531
R15,425
R15,960
R16,041
R15,975
R16,263
R17,133
R17,786
R16,945
R17,420
R17,356
R18,218
R18,112
R18,519
R19,504
R18,965
R18,955
R19,557
R20,425
R20,042
R20,810
R21,110
R21,093
R21,626
R20,698
R21,565
R21,596
R21,063
22,153
R4,366
R10,648
R24,192
R33,925
R20,437
R20,472
R4,105
R10,578
R22,595
R32,039
R19,659
R19,697
R3,837
R10,616
R21,318
R30,712
R19,478
R19,514
R3,864
R10,860
R19,053
R27,614
R19,052
R19,089
R3,840
R10,938
R18,548
R27,428
R19,134
R19,177
R4,001
R11,444
R20,174
R29,570
R19,609
R19,656
R3,732
R11,451
R19,443
R28,816
R20,041
R20,088
R3,693
R11,606
R19,078
R28,274
R20,740
R20,789
R3,774
R11,946
R19,953
R29,379
R21,419
R21,469
R3,994
R12,578
R20,862
R30,677
R22,267
R22,318
R4,043
R13,193
R20,874
R31,320
R22,424
R22,478
R3,896
R13,320
R21,180
R31,810
R22,366
R22,420
R3,945
R13,500
R20,824
R31,399
R22,065
R22,118
R3,991
R13,441
R21,756
R32,571
R22,363
R22,415
R3,973
R13,820
R21,753
R32,629
R22,715
R22,768
R4,016
R14,098
R22,393
R33,521
R23,311
R23,366
R4,101
R14,690
R22,719
R33,971
R23,791
R4,273
R15,172
R23,410
R34,904
R24,383
23,846
24,437
R4,295
R15,681
R23,686
R35,200
R24,695
R24,750
R4,005
R15,968
R23,177
R34,843
R25,201
R25,256
R4,053
R16,376
R22,950
R34,764
R25,949
R4,278
R17,175
R22,824
R34,664
R4,084
R17,137
R21,794
R32,720
R4,144
R17,358
R21,813
R32,676
R4,283
R17,343
R21,503
R32,532
R4,232
R17,659
R22,398
R33,506
R4,051
R17,856
R21,407
R32,442
R3,746
R17,710
R21,521
R32,386
R3,931
R18,264
R21,395
R32,419
R4,073
R18,381
R20,474
R31,284
R4,061
R17,899
R18,801
R28,513
4,175
18,205
19,984
30,139
25,891
R26,489
R26,213
R26,784
R26,920
R27,817
R28,272
R28,751
R29,031
R27,925
R26,916
27,425
R7,439
R7,045
R7,147
R6,832
R7,211
R7,148
R6,906
R6,923
R7,357
R7,567
R6,557
R6,747
R6,950
R7,146
R6,978
R6,936
R7,466
R7,033
R6,413
R6,775
R7,159
R6,868
R6,931
R7,211
R6,993
R6,909
R6,178
R6,633
R6,817
R6,619
6,841
1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.
2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants.
3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
4 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and
independent power producers.
5 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.
6 Total energy consumption in the end-use sectors consists of primary energy consumption, electricity
retail sales, and electrical system energy losses. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
40
R9,550
26,548
26,275
R26,845
26,994
27,895
R28,353
R28,830
R29,119
R28,008
R26,998
27,507
Electric
Power
Sector 3,4
Primary 5
4,339
4,679
6,461
8,158
R11,012
R16,253
R20,270
R21,473
R22,551
R23,553
R23,943
R24,269
R24,425
R23,979
R24,614
R25,635
R26,032
R26,227
R26,988
R28,227
4,R29,869
R30,495
R30,856
R30,723
R31,847
R32,399
R33,479
R34,485
R34,886
R36,225
R36,976
R38,062
R37,215
R38,016
R38,062
R38,713
R39,638
R39,428
R40,377
R39,978
R38,077
39,579
Balancing
Item 7
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
8
7
2
2
-1
3
4
3
3
-4
3
-3
3
9
-9
1
(s)
-10
-6
3
4
6
-3
6
2
-6
5
-1
-6
(s)
(s)
-3
(s)
R (s)
-2
Total
Primary 8
31,982
34,616
40,208
R45,086
R54,015
R67,838
R71,965
R75,975
R77,961
R79,950
R80,859
R78,067
R76,106
R73,099
R72,971
R76,632
R76,392
R76,647
R79,054
R82,709
R84,786
R84,485
R84,438
R85,783
R87,424
R89,091
R91,029
R94,022
R94,602
R95,018
R96,652
R98,815
R96,168
R97,693
R97,978
R100,148
R100,277
R99,624
R101,363
R99,268
R94,475
98,003
section.
7 A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the five energy-use sectors equals the sum of
total consumption in the four end-use sectors. However, total energy consumption does not equal the sum
of the sectoral components due to the use of sector-specific conversion factors for natural gas and coal.
8 Primary energy consumption total. See Table 1.3.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption for all data beginning in 1949.
Sources: Tables 1.3 and 2.1b-2.1f.
Table 2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumption 1
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
Natural Gas 3
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1,272
1,261
867
585
352
209
63
59
57
49
37
31
30
32
31
40
39
40
37
37
31
31
25
26
26
21
17
17
16
12
14
11
12
12
12
11
8
6
8
8
R8
7
1,027
1,240
2,198
3,212
4,028
4,987
5,023
5,147
4,913
4,981
5,055
4,825
4,614
4,711
4,478
4,661
4,534
4,405
4,420
4,735
4,899
4,491
4,667
4,805
5,063
4,960
4,954
5,354
5,093
4,646
4,835
5,105
4,889
5,014
5,209
4,981
4,946
4,476
4,850
R5,010
R4,883
5,061
Petroleum 4
Total
R1,106
R3,405
R1,322
R3,824
R1,767
R4,833
R2,227
R6,024
R2,432
R6,811
R2,725
R7,922
R2,479
R7,564
R2,703
R7,910
R2,681
R7,652
R2,607
R7,638
R2,099
R7,191
R1,734
R6,589
R1,531
R6,175
R1,434
R6,177
R1,353
R5,862
R1,531
R6,231
R1,565
R6,138
R1,541
R5,986
R1,617
R6,073
R1,675
R6,447
R1,660
R6,590
R1,394
R5,916
R1,381
R6,073
R1,414
R6,244
R1,439
R6,528
R1,408
R6,389
R1,374
R6,345
R1,484
R6,854
R1,422
R6,531
R1,304
R5,962
R1,465
R6,314
R1,554
R6,670
R1,529
R6,430
R1,457
R6,484
R1,519
R6,741
R1,520
R6,513
R1,451
R6,406
R1,224
R5,706
R1,254
R6,111
R1,243
R6,261
R1,176
R6,067
1,220
6,288
Geothermal 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
10
13
14
16
18
22
26
33
37
Solar/PV 6
Total
1,055
1,006
775
627
468
401
425
482
542
622
728
850
870
970
970
980
1,010
920
850
910
920
580
610
640
550
520
520
540
430
380
390
420
370
380
400
410
430
390
430
450
430
420
1,055
1,006
775
627
468
401
425
482
542
622
728
850
870
970
970
980
1,010
920
850
910
R977
641
R673
706
618
R589
591
612
R502
452
R461
R489
R438
R448
R470
R481
R504
R472
R522
R556
R552
554
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R52
56
R57
R59
R61
R63
R64
65
R64
R64
R63
R60
R59
R57
R57
R57
R58
R63
R70
R80
R89
97
See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

Data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components.
3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels.
See Note 1,
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6.
4 Based on petroleum product supplied. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of
petroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end
of Section 5.
5 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
6 Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu
using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6). Includes small amounts of distributed solar thermal and PV
energy used in the commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.
2
Biomass 7
Total
Primary
R4,460
R4,829
R5,608
R6,651
R7,279
R8,322
R7,990
R8,391
R8,194
R8,260
R7,919
R7,439
R7,045
R7,147
R6,832
R7,211
R7,148
R6,906
R6,923
R7,357
R7,567
R6,557
R6,747
R6,950
R7,146
R6,978
R6,936
R7,466
R7,033
R6,413
R6,775
R7,159
R6,868
R6,931
R7,211
R6,993
R6,909
R6,178
R6,633
R6,817
R6,619
6,841
Electricity
Retail
Sales 8
228
246
438
687
993
1,591
2,007
2,069
2,202
2,301
2,330
2,448
2,464
2,489
2,562
2,662
2,709
2,795
2,902
3,046
3,090
3,153
3,260
3,193
3,394
3,441
3,557
3,694
3,671
3,856
3,906
4,069
4,100
4,317
4,353
4,408
4,638
4,611
4,750
4,708
R4,656
4,950
Electrical
System
Energy
Losses 9
911
913
1,232
1,701
R2,367
R3,852
R4,817
R4,950
R5,267
R5,571
R5,564
R5,866
R5,752
R5,895
R6,031
R6,087
R6,184
R6,274
R6,438
R6,729
R7,129
R7,235
R7,414
R7,212
R7,677
R7,693
R8,026
R8,344
R8,261
R8,686
R8,875
R9,197
R9,074
R9,562
R9,546
R9,691
R10,079
R9,909
R10,182
R10,071
R9,789
10,362
Total
R5,599
R5,989
R7,278
R9,039
R10,639
R13,766
R14,813
R15,410
R15,662
R16,132
15,813
R15,753
R15,262
R15,531
R15,425
R15,960
R16,041
R15,975
R16,263
R17,133
R17,786
R16,945
R17,420
R17,356
R18,218
R18,112
R18,519
R19,504
R18,965
R18,955
R19,557
R20,425
R20,042
R20,810
R21,110
R21,093
R21,626
R20,698
R21,565
R21,596
R21,063
22,153
Wood and wood-derived fuels.

Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other
energy service providers.
9 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the
energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to
each sectors share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
section.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
8
41
Table 2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1,554
1,542
801
407
265
165
147
144
148
165
149
115
137
155
162
169
137
135
125
131
115
124
116
117
117
118
117
122
129
93
103
92
97
90
82
103
97
65
70
69
R63
58
Natural Gas 3 Petroleum 4,5

360
401
651
1,056
1,490
2,473
2,558
2,718
2,548
2,643
2,836
2,651
2,557
2,650
2,486
2,582
2,488
2,367
2,489
2,731
2,785
2,682
2,795
2,871
2,923
2,962
3,096
3,226
3,285
3,083
3,115
3,252
3,097
3,225
3,261
3,201
3,073
2,902
3,094
R3,228
3,187
3,276
Total
R735
R2,649
R872
R2,815
R1,095
R2,547
R1,248
R2,711
R1,413
R3,168
R1,592
R4,229
R1,346
R4,051
R1,500
R4,362
R1,552
R4,248
R1,490
R4,297
R1,367
R4,352
R1,318
R4,084
R1,122
R3,816
R1,037
R3,842
R1,170
R3,818
R1,227
R3,978
R1,083
R3,708
R1,162
R3,665
R1,131
R3,745
R1,099
R3,961
R1,041
R3,941
R991
R3,798
R935
R3,846
R893
R3,881
R819
R3,859
R825
R3,905
R769
R3,982
R790
R4,138
R743
R4,157
R702
R3,878
R707
R3,925
R807
R4,150
R790
R3,984
R726
R4,040
R827
R4,170
R809
R4,113
R761
R3,932
R663
R3,629
R649
R3,814
R651
R3,948
R682
R3,932
713
4,048
Hydroelectric
Geothermal 7
Power 6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Solar/PV 8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
5
6
7
7
8
8
9
11
12
14
14
14
15
17
19

Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components and estimation.
Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,
of Section 5.
5 Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleumbiofuels are included in "Biomass."
Table A6).
8 Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee
Table A6) at commercial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.
10 Wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
2
3
42
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
WInd 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
Biomass 10
Total
20
19
15
12
9
8
8
9
10
12
14
21
21
22
22
22
24
27
30
33
99
94
95
105
109
106
113
129
131
118
121
119
92
95
101
105
105
102
102
109
R112
108
20
19
15
12
9
8
8
9
10
12
14
21
21
22
22
22
24
27
30
33
102
98
100
109
114
112
118
135
138
127
129
128
101
104
113
118
119
117
118
125
R129
127
Total
Primary
R2,669
R2,834
R2,561
R2,723
R3,177
R4,237
R4,059
R4,371
R4,258
R4,309
R4,366
R4,105
R3,837
R3,864
R3,840
R4,001
R3,732
R3,693
R3,774
R3,994
R4,043
R3,896
R3,945
R3,991
R3,973
R4,016
R4,101
R4,273
R4,295
R4,005
R4,053
R4,278
R4,084
R4,144
R4,283
R4,232
R4,051
R3,746
R3,931
R4,073
R4,061
4,175
Electricity
Retail
Sales 11
Electrical
System
Energy
Losses 12
200
225
350
543
789
1,201
1,598
1,678
1,754
1,813
1,854
1,906
2,033
2,077
2,116
2,264
2,351
2,439
2,539
2,675
2,767
2,860
2,918
2,900
3,019
3,116
3,252
3,344
3,503
3,678
3,766
3,956
4,062
4,110
4,090
4,198
4,351
4,435
4,560
4,558
R4,460
4,536
800
834
984
1,344
1,880
R2,908
R3,835
R4,014
R4,196
R4,390
R4,428
R4,567
R4,746
R4,919
R4,982
R5,179
R5,368
R5,475
R5,633
R5,909
R6,384
R6,564
R6,636
R6,550
R6,828
R6,966
R7,338
R7,555
R7,883
R8,285
R8,557
R8,942
R8,990
R9,104
R8,969
R9,229
R9,455
R9,529
R9,773
R9,749
R9,378
9,495
Total
R3,669
R3,893
R3,895
R4,609
R5,845
8,346
R9,492
R10,063
R10,208
R10,512
R10,648
R10,578
R10,616
R10,860
R10,938
R11,444
R11,451
R11,606
R11,946
R12,578
R13,193
R13,320
R13,500
R13,441
R13,820
R14,098
R14,690
R15,172
R15,681
R15,968
R16,376
R17,175
R17,137
R17,358
R17,343
R17,659
R17,856
R17,710
R18,264
R18,381
R17,899
18,205
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal
solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels); and fuel ethanol (minus denaturant).
11 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other
section.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: The commercial sector includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial
electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
Section 8. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
Table 2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
5,433
5,781
5,620
4,543
5,127
4,656
3,667
3,661
3,454
3,314
3,593
3,155
3,157
2,552
2,490
2,842
2,760
2,641
2,673
2,828
2,787
2,756
2,601
2,515
2,496
2,510
2,488
2,434
2,395
2,335
2,227
2,256
2,192
2,019
2,041
2,047
1,954
1,914
1,865
1,796
1,396
1,618
Coal Coke
Net Imports
-7
1
-10
-6
-18
-58
14
(s)
15
125
63
-35
-16
-22
-16
-11
-13
-17
9
40
30
5
10
35
27
58
61
23
46
67
58
65
29
61
51
138
44
61
25
41
-24
-6
Natural
Gas 3
3,188
3,546
4,701
5,973
7,339
9,536
8,532
8,762
8,635
8,539
8,549
8,333
8,185
7,068
6,776
7,405
7,032
6,646
7,283
7,655
8,088
8,451
8,572
8,918
9,070
9,126
9,592
9,901
9,933
9,763
9,375
9,500
8,676
8,845
8,488
8,536
7,903
7,846
8,090
R8,074
R7,609
8,110
Petroleum 4,5
Total
R3,475
R12,090
R3,960
R13,288
R5,123
R15,434
R5,766
R16,277
R6,813
R19,260
R7,776
R21,911
R8,127
R20,339
R8,990
R21,412
R9,747
R21,851
R9,835
R21,812
R10,548
R22,753
R9,509
R20,962
R8,265
R19,590
R7,772
R17,370
R7,390
R16,640
R7,987
R18,222
R7,714
R17,492
R7,860
R17,130
R8,042
R18,006
R8,317
R18,840
R8,098
R19,003
R8,251
R19,463
R7,958
R19,141
R8,552
R20,019
R8,386
R19,980
R8,771
R20,465
R8,586
R20,727
R9,019
R21,377
R9,255
R21,629
R9,082
R21,248
R9,356
R21,016
R9,075
R20,896
R9,178
R20,075
R9,168
R20,093
R9,197
R19,777
R9,825
R20,545
R9,633
R19,534
R9,770
R19,591
R9,451
R19,431
R8,511
R18,422
R7,816
R16,796
8,013
17,735
Hydroelectric
Geothermal 7
Power 6
76
69
38
39
33
34
32
33
33
32
34
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
28
31
30
31
30
62
55
61
58
55
49
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
16
17
18
16
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
3
4
4
4
5
5
4
4

Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components and estimation.
of Section 5.
Table A6).
Table A6) at industrial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.
9 Wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal
2
3
Solar/PV 8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
Biomass 9
Total
468
532
631
680
855
1,019
1,063
1,220
1,281
1,400
1,405
1,600
1,695
1,650
1,874
1,918
1,918
1,915
1,914
1,989
1,841
1,684
1,652
1,705
1,741
1,862
1,934
1,969
1,996
1,872
1,882
1,881
1,681
1,676
1,679
1,817
1,837
1,897
1,944
2,031
R1,982
2,229
544
602
669
719
888
1,053
1,096
1,253
1,314
1,432
1,439
1,633
1,728
1,683
1,908
1,951
1,951
1,948
1,947
2,022
1,871
1,717
1,684
1,737
1,773
1,927
1,992
2,033
2,057
1,929
1,934
1,928
1,719
1,720
1,726
1,853
1,873
1,930
1,964
2,053
R2,005
2,249
Total
Primary
R12,633
R13,890
R16,103
R16,996
R20,148
R22,964
R21,434
R22,665
R23,165
R23,244
R24,192
R22,595
R21,318
R19,053
R18,548
R20,174
R19,443
R19,078
R19,953
R20,862
R20,874
R21,180
R20,824
R21,756
R21,753
R22,393
R22,719
R23,410
R23,686
R23,177
R22,950
R22,824
R21,794
R21,813
R21,503
R22,398
R21,407
R21,521
R21,395
R20,474
R18,801
19,984
Electricity
Retail
Sales 10
Electrical
System
Energy
Losses 11
418
500
887
1,107
1,463
1,948
2,346
2,573
2,682
2,761
2,873
2,781
2,817
2,542
2,648
2,859
2,855
2,834
2,928
3,059
3,158
3,226
3,230
3,319
3,334
3,439
3,455
3,527
3,542
3,587
3,611
3,631
3,400
3,379
3,454
3,473
3,477
3,451
3,507
3,444
R3,130
3,283
1,672
1,852
2,495
2,739
R3,487
R4,716
R5,632
R6,155
R6,416
R6,683
R6,860
R6,664
R6,576
R6,020
R6,232
R6,538
R6,518
R6,362
R6,497
R6,757
R7,288
R7,404
R7,345
R7,496
R7,541
R7,689
R7,796
R7,968
R7,972
R8,079
R8,203
R8,208
R7,526
R7,484
R7,575
R7,635
R7,557
R7,415
R7,517
R7,365
R6,582
6,872
Total
R14,724
R16,241
R19,485
R20,842
R25,098
R29,628
R29,413
R31,393
R32,263
R32,688
R33,925
R32,039
R30,712
R27,614
R27,428
R29,570
R28,816
R28,274
R29,379
R30,677
R31,320
R31,810
R31,399
R32,571
R32,629
R33,521
R33,971
R34,904
R35,200
R34,843
R34,764
R34,664
R32,720
R32,676
R32,532
R33,506
R32,442
R32,386
R32,419
R31,284
R28,513
30,139
solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels); fuel ethanol (minus denaturant); and losses
and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
section.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than +0.5 trillion Btu and
greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: The industrial sector includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial
Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14b, 6.5, 7.3, 7.7, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
43
Table 2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
Natural Gas 3
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1,727
1,564
421
75
16
7
1
(s)
(s)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
NA
130
254
359
517
745
595
559
543
539
612
650
658
612
505
545
519
499
535
632
649
680
620
608
645
709
724
737
780
666
675
672
658
702
627
602
624
625
665
R692
R643
682
Petroleum 4,5
6,152
6,690
R8,799
R10,125
R11,866
15,310
R17,615
R18,508
R19,243
R20,044
19,825
19,009
R18,813
R18,422
R18,595
R19,023
R19,472
R20,183
R20,817
R21,568
R21,707
R21,626
R21,374
R21,675
R21,977
R22,497
R22,955
R23,565
R23,813
R24,422
R25,098
R25,682
25,412
R25,913
R26,063
R26,925
R27,309
R27,651
R27,763
R26,407
R25,339
25,646
Total
Biomass 6
7,880
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
18
34
41
50
57
66
67
68
60
70
80
94
105
R112
81
102
113
118
135
142
170
230
290
339
475
R602
R826
R934
1,098
R8,383
R9,474
10,560
R12,399
R16,062
R18,210
R19,067
R19,786
R20,583
R20,437
R19,659
R19,471
R19,034
R19,100
R19,567
R19,992
R20,682
R21,353
R22,199
R22,356
R22,306
R21,995
R22,283
R22,621
R23,206
R23,679
R24,302
R24,593
R25,088
R25,774
R26,354
26,070
26,614
R26,690
R27,527
R27,933
R28,276
R28,429
R27,099
R25,982
26,327

Data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components.
Natural gas only; does not include supplemental gaseous fuelssee Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous
Fuels," at end of Section 6. Data are for natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in
compressors) and small amounts consumed as vehicle fuelsee Table 6.5.
of Section 5.
6 Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel.
2
3
44
Total
Primary
Electricity
Retail
Sales 7
7,880
R8,383
R9,474
10,560
R12,399
R16,062
R18,210
R19,067
R19,786
R20,583
R20,437
R19,659
R19,478
R19,052
R19,134
R19,609
R20,041
R20,740
R21,419
R22,267
R22,424
R22,366
R22,065
R22,363
R22,715
R23,311
R23,791
R24,383
R24,695
R25,201
25,891
R26,489
R26,213
R26,784
R26,920
R27,817
R28,272
R28,751
R29,031
R27,925
R26,916
27,425
22
23
20
10
10
11
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
13
14
14
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
20
19
23
25
26
25
28
26
R27
26
Electrical
System
Energy
Losses 8
88
86
56
26
24
26
24
24
25
24
24
27
25
26
30
33
32
34
35
35
38
37
37
R36
37
38
R38
38
38
38
40
42
43
42
51
R54
56
54
60
R56
56
55
Total
7,990
R8,492
R9,550
R10,596
R12,432
16,098
R18,245
R19,101
R19,822
R20,617
R20,472
R19,697
R19,514
R19,089
R19,177
R19,656
R20,088
R20,789
R21,469
R22,318
R22,478
R22,420
R22,118
R22,415
R22,768
R23,366
23,846
24,437
R24,750
R25,256
R25,949
26,548
26,275
R26,845
26,994
27,895
R28,353
R28,830
R29,119
R28,008
R26,998
27,507

section.
9 Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are reported as industrial
sector consumption.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
Table 2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198912
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1,995
2,199
3,458
4,228
5,821
7,227
8,786
9,720
10,262
10,238
11,260
12,123
12,583
12,582
13,213
14,019
14,542
14,444
15,173
15,850
16,137
16,261
16,250
16,466
17,196
17,261
17,466
18,429
18,905
19,216
19,279
20,220
19,614
19,783
20,185
20,305
20,737
20,462
20,808
20,513
R18,225
19,133
Natural
Gas 3
Petroleum 4
569
651
1,194
1,785
2,395
4,054
3,240
3,152
3,284
3,297
3,613
3,778
3,730
3,312
2,972
3,199
3,135
2,670
2,916
2,693
3,173
3,309
3,377
3,512
3,538
3,977
4,302
3,862
4,126
4,675
4,902
5,293
5,458
5,767
5,246
5,595
6,015
6,375
7,005
6,829
R7,022
7,517
415
472
471
553
722
2,117
3,166
3,477
3,901
3,987
3,283
2,634
2,202
1,568
1,544
1,286
1,090
1,452
1,257
1,563
1,703
1,289
1,198
991
1,124
1,059
755
817
927
1,306
1,211
1,144
1,277
961
1,205
1,212
1,235
648
657
468
390
378
Total
2,979
3,322
5,123
6,565
8,938
13,399
15,191
16,349
17,446
17,522
18,156
18,534
18,516
17,462
17,729
18,504
18,767
18,566
19,346
20,106
21,013
20,859
20,825
20,968
21,857
22,297
22,523
23,109
23,957
25,197
25,393
26,658
26,348
26,511
26,636
27,112
27,986
27,485
28,470
27,810
R25,638
27,028
Nuclear
Electric
Power 5
Hydroelectric
Power 6
Geothermal 7
0
0
0
6
43
239
1,900
2,111
2,702
3,024
2,776
2,739
3,008
3,131
3,203
3,553
4,076
4,380
4,754
5,587
5,602
6,104
6,422
6,479
6,410
6,694
7,075
7,087
6,597
7,068
7,610
7,862
8,029
8,145
7,959
8,222
8,161
8,215
8,455
8,427
R8,356
8,441
1,349
1,346
1,322
1,569
2,026
2,600
3,122
2,943
2,301
2,905
2,897
2,867
2,725
3,233
3,494
3,353
2,937
3,038
2,602
2,302
2,808
3,014
2,985
2,586
2,861
2,620
3,149
3,528
3,581
3,241
3,218
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,781
2,656
2,670
2,839
2,430
2,494
R2,650
2,492
NA
NA
NA
R (s)
R2
R6
R34
R38
R37
R31
R40
R53
R59
R51
R64
R81
R97
R108
R112
R106
R152
R161
R167
R167
R173
R160
R138
R148
R150
R151
R152
R144
R142
R147
R148
R148
R147
R145
R145
R146
R146
153

See Table 10.2c for notes on series components.
4 See Table 5.14c for series components.
5 Nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear heat ratesee Table A6).
Table A6).
7 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6).
heat ratesee Table A6).
10 Wood and wood-derived fuels; and municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge
2
3
Solar/PV 8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
4
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
9
R9
13
Wind 9
Biomass 10
Total
Electricity
Net
Imports 11
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
22
29
31
30
31
36
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
341
546
R721
924
6
5
3
2
3
4
2
3
5
3
5
5
4
3
4
9
14
12
15
17
232
317
354
402
415
434
422
438
446
444
453
453
337
380
397
388
406
412
423
435
R441
440
1,355
1,351
1,325
1,571
R2,031
R2,609
R3,158
R2,983
R2,343
R2,940
R2,942
R2,925
R2,788
R3,286
R3,562
R3,443
R3,049
R3,158
R2,729
R2,425
R3,217
R3,524
R3,542
R3,189
R3,484
R3,255
R3,747
R4,153
R4,216
R3,872
R3,874
R3,427
R2,763
R3,288
R3,445
R3,340
R3,406
R3,665
R3,345
R3,630
R3,967
4,022
5
6
14
15
(s)
7
21
29
59
67
69
71
113
100
121
135
140
122
158
108
37
8
67
87
95
153
134
137
116
88
99
115
75
72
22
39
R85
63
107
112
R116
88
Total
Primary
4,339
4,679
6,461
8,158
R11,012
R16,253
R20,270
R21,473
R22,551
R23,553
R23,943
R24,269
R24,425
R23,979
R24,614
R25,635
R26,032
R26,227
R26,988
R28,227
R29,869
R30,495
R30,856
R30,723
R31,847
R32,399
R33,479
R34,485
R34,886
R36,225
R36,976
R38,062
R37,215
R38,016
R38,062
R38,713
R39,638
R39,428
R40,377
R39,978
R38,077
39,579
waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste
(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
11 Net imports equal imports minus exports.
12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and
Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal output. The electric
power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22
category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. See Note 3,
"Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2b, 10.2c, A4, A5, and A6.
45
Figure 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006

By Energy Source
10
8.4
8
5.9
Quadrillion Btu
6
4
2.9
2.4
1.4
0.3
0.3
0.1
-0.6
-2
Natural Gas
Net
Electricity
LPG and NGL
Coal
Residual
Fuel Oil
Coal Coke
and Breeze
Other 4
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Shipments 5
By North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Code6

10
8
Quadrillion Btu
6.9
6
5.1
4
2.4
1.7
2
1.2
0
311
1
1.1
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.1
(s)
(s)
312
313
314
315
316
321
0.3
0.1
322
323
324

Natural gas liquids.
3
See Breeze in Glossary.
4
Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated.
5
Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to another entity.
2
46
325
326
327
331
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
332
333
334
335
0.5
336
0.1
0.1
337
339
6
See Table 2.2 for Manufacturing Group titles of industries that correspond to the 3-digit
NAICS codes.
Source: Table 2.2.
Table 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006

(Trillion Btu )
NAICS 1
Code
Manufacturing Group
Coal
Coal Coke
and
Breeze 2
Natural Gas
LPG 3
and
NGL 4
Residual
Fuel Oil
Net
Electricity 5
Other 6
Shipments
of Energy
Sources 7
Total 8
311
312
313
314
315
316
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
339
Food .................................................................................
Beverage and Tobacco Products .....................................
Textile Mills .......................................................................
Textile Product Mills .........................................................
Apparel .............................................................................
Leather and Allied Products .............................................
Wood Products .................................................................
Paper ................................................................................
Printing and Related Support ...........................................
Petroleum and Coal Products ...........................................
Chemicals .........................................................................
Plastics and Rubber Products ..........................................
Nonmetallic Mineral Products ...........................................
Primary Metals ..................................................................
Fabricated Metal Products ................................................
Machinery .........................................................................
Computer and Electronic Products ...................................
Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........
Transportation Equipment ................................................
Furniture and Related Products ........................................
Miscellaneous ...................................................................
147
20
32
3
0
0
Q
221
0
102
182
Q
320
373
0
1
0
(s)
5
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
Q
0
0
1
3
0
11
253
Q
0
0
0
Q
0
0
638
41
65
46
7
1
87
474
39
849
1,746
128
460
627
240
84
45
42
249
17
25
16
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
21
13
(s)
33
8
3
30
7
2
2
1
Q
3
Q
(s)
3
1
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
4
5
1
29
2,304
5
5
4
5
3
(s)
1
5
1
1
26
3
2
Q
(s)
(s)
4
91
(s)
58
87
9
3
19
(s)
Q
(s)
0
7
(s)
Q
251
30
66
20
7
1
91
247
45
137
517
182
147
458
143
111
94
44
195
32
33
105
11
12
(s)
(s)
(s)
228
1,302
(s)
5,744
707
(s)
138
139
Q
2
2
21
13
8
Q
(s)
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-89
-406
-0
-0
-145
-0
-0
-0
-5
-0
-0
-0
1,186
107
178
72
14
3
451
2,354
85
6,864
5,149
337
1,114
1,736
396
204
142
103
477
61
66
Total Manufacturing ..........................................................
1,433
272
5,911
143
2,376
314
2,851
8,443
-645
21,098
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

See "Breeze" in Glossary.
4 Natural gas liquids.
5 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible
renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation from
combustible fuels.
6 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated, such as
asphalt and road oil, lubricants, naphtha less than 401 degrees Fahrenheit, other oils greater than or equal
to 401 degrees Fahrenheit, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous nonfuel products, which are
nonfuel products assigned to the petroleum refining industry group (NAICS Code 324110).
7 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to
2
Distillate
Fuel Oil
another entity. Note that shipments of energy sources are subtracted from consumption.
8 The sum of coal, coal coke and breeze, natural gas, distillate fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases,
natural gas liquids, residual fuel oil, net electricity, and other, minus shipments of energy sources.
(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because the relative
standard error was greater than 50 percent.
Notes: Data are estimates for the first use of energy for heat and power and as feedstocks or raw
material inputs. "First use" is the consumption of energy that was originally produced offsite or was
produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. Totals may not equal sum of components
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mecs.
Source:
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, "2006 Manufacturing Energy
Consumption Survey" and Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report" for 2006.
47
Figure 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 2006
By Selected End Use
Process Heating
3.3
Machine Drive
1.7
Facility HVAC
0.7
Process Cooling and Refrigeration
0.2
Electrochemical Processes
0.2
Facility Lighting
0.2
Conventional Electricity Generation
(s)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Quadrillion Btu
By Energy Source
7
6
5.5
Quadrillion Btu
5
4
2.9
3
2
1.0
0.3
0.1
0.1
Distillate
Fuel Oil
LPG 4 and
NGL5
0
Natural Gas
1
Net Electricity
Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (5,820 trillion Btu).

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Excludes steam and hot water.
3
Excludes coal coke and breeze.
4
2
48
Coal
Residual
Fuel Oil
5

Source: Table 2.3.
Table 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 2006
Net Electricity 1
End-Use Category
Residual Fuel Oil
Million Kilowatthours
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG 2 and NGL 3
Million Barrels
Natural Gas
Coal 4
Billion Cubic Feet
Million Short Tons
Total 5
Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) .........................................

Conventional Boiler Use .............................................
CHP 6 and/or Cogeneration Process ..........................
12,109
12,109
21
11
10
4
3
1
2
2
(s)
2,059
1,245
814
25
6
19
Direct End Use

All Process Uses .........................................................
Process Heating ........................................................
Process Cooling and Refrigeration .............................
Machine Drive .............................................................
Electrochemical Processes ........................................
Other Process Uses ...................................................
All Non-Process Uses .................................................
Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 7 ...
Facility Lighting ...........................................................
Other Facility Support .................................................
Onsite Transportation .................................................
Conventional Electricity Generation ...........................
Other Non-Process Use .............................................
657,810
101,516
60,381
422,408
60,323
13,181
157,829
77,768
58,013
17,644
2,197
2,208
10
9
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
9
3
(s)
4
1
9
1
(s)
6
1
1
10
8
(s)
(s)
1
7
1
(s)
5
(s)
(s)
2,709
2,417
31
126
136
426
367
29
3
19
8
19
16
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
End Use Not Reported ...................................................
7,634
164
Total .................................................................................
835,382
40
22
21
5,357
46
Trillion Btu
Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) .........................................
Conventional Boiler Use .............................................
CHP 6 and/or Cogeneration Process .........................
41
41
133
71
62
23
17
6
8
8
1
2,119
1,281
838
547
129
417
2,871
1,547
1,324
Direct End Use

All Process Uses .........................................................
Process Heating ........................................................
Process Cooling and Refrigeration .............................
Machine Drive .............................................................
Electrochemical Processes ........................................
Other Process Uses ...................................................
All Non-Process Uses .................................................
Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 7 ...
Facility Lighting ...........................................................
Other Facility Support .................................................
Onsite Transportation .................................................
Conventional Electricity Generation ...........................
Other Non-Process Use .............................................
2,244
346
206
1,441
206
45
539
265
198
60
7
62
59
(s)
2
Q
6
4
(s)
(s)
52
19
1
24
8
50
4
(s)
35
4
6
39
32
(s)
2
5
27
5
(s)
20
(s)
1
2,788
2,487
32
129
140
438
378
30
3
19
8
412
345
(s)
56
10
6
2
(s)
3
(s)
5,597
3,288
239
1,654
206
208
1,066
658
198
91
65
26
23
End Use Not Reported ...................................................
26
49
168
52
304
Total .................................................................................
2,850
251
129
79
5,512
1,016
9,838
1 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible
renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation from
combustible fuels.
3 Natural gas liquids.
4 Excludes coal coke and breeze.
5 Total of listed energy sources. Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (5,820 trillion Btu).
6 Combined-heat-and-power plants.
7 Excludes steam and hot water.
= Not applicable. (s)=Estimate less than 0.5. Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater
than 50 percent.
Notes: Data are estimates for the total consumption of energy for the production of heat, power, and
electricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produced. Specifically, the estimates include the
quantities of energy that were originally produced offsite and purchased by or transferred to the
establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy or input materials not classified as
energy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells. Allocations to end uses are made on the
basis of reasonable approximations by respondents. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding, the presence of estimates that round to zero, and the presence of estimates that are
withheld because the relative standard error is greater than 50 percent.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mecs.
Source:
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, "2006 Manufacturing Energy
Consumption Survey."
49
Figure 2.4 Household Energy Consumption

Consumption by All Households, Selected Years, 1978-2005
Consumption by All Households, by Census Region, 2005

4
12
10.6
9.7
10
10.0
9.3 9.3
9.1
10.6
9.9
3.25
9.2
2.91
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
8.6
9.0
10.3
6
4
2.52
1.87
1
2
0
0
1978 1980 1982 1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
Consumption per Household, Selected Years, 1978-2005
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Consumption per Household, by Census Region, 2005

140
150
138
126
120
122
113
114112
105
101
104
98
100
101
92
95
Million Btu
102
Million Btu
100
80
80
77
60
50
40
20
0
0
1978 1980 1982 1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
For years not shown, there are no data available.

Notes: Data include natural gas, electricity, distillate fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gases; data do not include wood. Data for 1978-1984 are for April of the year shown
50
2005
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
through March of following year; data for 1987 forward are for the calendar year. See Appendix C for map of Census regions.
Source: Table 2.4.
Table 2.4 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2005
(Quadrillion Btu, Except as Noted)
Census Region 1
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
Northeast (total does not include wood) ..............

Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 2 ..........................................................
Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene .........................
Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................
Wood 3 ................................................................
2.89
1.14
.39
1.32
.03
NA
2.50
1.05
.39
1.03
.03
NA
2.44
.94
.41
1.07
.03
.26
2.36
1.01
.40
.93
.03
.27
2.19
.96
.37
.83
.02
.24
2.29
.93
.41
.93
.03
.21
2.37
1.03
.44
.87
.02
.17
2.30
1.03
.47
.78
.02
.12
2.38
1.11
.47
.78
.03
.14
2.38
1.03
.49
.84
.03
.14
2.16
.98
.53
.60
.05
.10
2.52
1.15
.58
.72
.07
.09
Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 .......
166
145
138
132
122
125
124
120
122
121
107
122
Midwest (total does not include wood) ................

Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 2 ..........................................................
Wood 3 ................................................................
3.70
2.53
.60
.46
.12
NA
3.48
2.48
.59
.31
.10
NA
2.96
2.05
.60
.17
.15
.25
3.09
2.22
.56
.19
.13
.25
2.61
1.78
.56
.16
.11
.27
2.80
1.99
.55
.13
.13
.27
2.73
1.83
.61
.16
.13
.25
2.81
1.88
.66
.13
.13
.17
3.13
2.07
.74
.13
.19
.11
3.22
2.20
.75
.11
.17
.08
2.86
1.84
.81
.06
.15
.09
2.91
1.72
.94
.06
.18
.13
180
168
141
146
122
129
123
122
134
134
117
113
South (total does not include wood) ....................

Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 2 ..........................................................
Wood 3 ................................................................
2.43
.96
1.00
.32
.15
NA
2.30
.91
.97
.28
.14
NA
2.57
1.12
1.06
.25
.14
.23
2.41
1.15
1.01
.14
.12
.21
2.45
1.14
1.01
.18
.12
.33
2.50
1.15
1.06
.16
.12
.33
2.61
1.09
1.22
.17
.12
.26
2.60
1.03
1.36
.11
.10
.17
2.95
1.18
1.51
.13
.13
.17
3.01
1.13
1.67
.10
.12
.12
3.21
1.13
1.89
.08
.12
.09
3.25
.94
2.07
.07
.18
.12
99
92
95
87
87
85
84
81
88
84
83
80
West (total does not include wood) ......................

Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 2 ..........................................................
Wood 3 ................................................................
1.54
.95
.48
.09
.03
NA
1.47
.88
.47
.09
.04
NA
1.34
.86
.41
.04
.04
.11
1.42
.90
.46
.03
.04
.13
1.33
.85
.41
.03
.04
.13
1.45
.91
.47
.04
.03
.17
1.42
.88
.48
.02
.05
.17
1.51
.92
.54
.02
.03
.12
1.55
.91
.56
.03
.04
.12
1.63
.93
.64
.03
.04
.10
1.63
.90
.66
.02
.06
.10
1.87
.98
.76
.03
.10
.09
110
100
84
87
81
85
78
78
76
75
70
77
United States (total does not include wood) ........

Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 2 ..........................................................
Wood 3 ................................................................
10.56
5.58
2.47
2.19
.33
NA
9.74
5.31
2.42
1.71
.31
NA
9.32
4.97
2.48
1.52
.35
.85
9.29
5.27
2.42
1.28
.31
.87
8.58
4.74
2.35
1.20
.29
.97
9.04
4.98
2.48
1.26
.31
.98
9.13
4.83
2.76
1.22
.32
.85
9.22
4.86
3.03
1.04
.28
.58
10.01
5.27
3.28
1.07
.38
.55
10.25
5.28
3.54
1.07
.36
.43
9.86
4.84
3.89
.75
.38
.37
10.55
4.79
4.35
.88
.52
.43
138
126
114
112
102
105
101
98
104
101
92
95
See Appendix C for map of Census regions.

Retail electricity. One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu.
3 Wood is not included in the region and U.S. totals, or in the consumption-per-household data.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Data are estimates, and are for major energy sources only. For years not shown, there are
no data available. Data for 1978-1984 are for April of year shown through March of following year; data
2
for 1987 forward are for the calendar year. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/.
Sources: 1978 and 1979U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-84, "Residential
Energy Consumption Survey." 1980 forwardEIA, Form EIA-457, "Residential Energy Consumption
Survey."
51
Figure 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures

Expenditures1, Selected Years, 1978-2005
Consumption by Energy Source, 2005

6
250
4.8
Billion Dollars
Quadrillion Btu
201
200
4.4
160
150
136
124
110
97
100
76
55
0.5
63
0.4
0
Natural Gas
Electricity
Fuel Oil 4
LPG5
Wood 6
Consumption1 by End Use, 2005
1978 1980 1982 1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
Consumption1 for Space Heating, 2005
4.30
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
83 87
50
0.9
3.25
2.12
2.95
0.75
0.88
0.28
0.32
Electricity
LPG5
0
Space Heating
Appliances
Water Heating
Air
Conditioning
Natural Gas
Does not include wood, which is used for both space heating and ambiance.
For years not shown, there are no data available.
3
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Dollars in Glossary.
4
Distillate fuel oil and kerosene.
52
98
Fuel Oil4

Used for both space heating and ambiance.
Source: Table 2.5.
2005
Table 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source,
Selected Years, 1978-2005
Air
Conditioning 2
Space Heating 1
Year
Natural
Gas
Electricity 5
Fuel
Oil 6
LPG 7
Electricity 5
Appliances 3,4
Water Heating
Natural
Gas
Electricity 5
Fuel
Oil 6
LPG 7
Natural
Gas
Total
Electricity 5
LPG 7
Natural
Gas 2
Electricity 5
Fuel
Oil 4,6
LPG 7
1.46
NA
1.54
1.52
1.50
1.59
1.72
1.91
2.08
2.33
2.52
2.77
0.03
NA
.05
.05
.05
.04
.04
.03
.03
.02
.05
.05
5.58
5.31
4.97
5.27
4.74
4.98
4.83
4.86
5.27
5.28
4.84
4.79
2.47
2.42
2.48
2.42
2.35
2.48
2.76
3.03
3.28
3.54
3.89
4.35
2.19
1.71
1.52
1.28
1.20
1.26
1.22
1.04
1.07
1.07
.75
.88
0.33
.31
.35
.31
.29
.31
.32
.28
.38
.36
.38
.52
NA
NA
.85
.87
.97
.98
.85
.58
.55
.43
.37
.43
19.24
NA
26.74
29.70
31.29
36.36
39.83
46.95
53.52
60.57
66.94
80.92
0.25
NA
.44
.52
.52
.54
.46
.48
.42
.36
.86
1.37
15.30
17.84
19.77
24.03
26.96
29.78
26.15
27.26
32.04
35.81
46.98
52.37
29.89
32.56
40.81
44.80
46.74
54.48
61.58
71.54
81.08
88.33
100.34
124.74
8.62
10.73
12.24
11.39
10.07
9.60
7.21
8.25
6.98
7.61
6.83
12.99
1.66
2.06
2.80
2.81
2.75
3.12
2.81
3.14
3.81
4.04
5.60
11.00
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Wood 8
Consumption (quadrillion Btu)

1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
4.26
NA
3.41
3.69
3.14
3.51
3.38
3.37
3.67
3.61
3.32
2.95
0.40
NA
.27
.26
.25
.25
.28
.30
.41
.40
.39
.28
2.05
NA
1.30
1.06
1.04
1.11
1.05
.93
.95
.91
.62
.75
0.23
NA
.23
.21
.19
.21
.22
.19
.30
.26
.28
.32
0.31
NA
.36
.34
.31
.32
.44
.48
.46
.42
.62
.88
1.04
NA
1.15
1.13
1.15
1.10
1.10
1.16
1.31
1.29
1.15
1.41
0.29
NA
.30
.30
.28
.32
.31
.34
.34
.39
.36
.42
0.14
NA
.22
.22
.15
.15
.17
.11
.12
.16
.13
.14
0.06
NA
.07
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.05
.08
.05
.15
0.28
NA
.36
.43
.43
.35
.34
.33
.29
.37
.37
.43
Expenditures (billion dollars 9)

1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
1
11.49
NA
13.22
16.62
17.74
20.66
18.05
18.59
21.95
24.11
31.84
31.97
3.53
NA
3.78
3.93
4.21
4.62
5.53
6.16
8.66
8.56
8.98
7.42
8.06
NA
10.48
9.44
8.80
8.51
6.25
7.42
6.24
6.57
5.66
10.99
1.05
NA
1.78
1.78
1.69
2.00
1.85
2.01
2.81
2.79
4.04
6.35
3.97
NA
5.84
6.23
6.23
7.06
9.77
11.23
11.31
10.20
15.94
25.26
2.88
NA
4.51
5.13
6.51
6.63
6.02
6.59
8.08
8.84
11.31
15.57
3.15
NA
4.45
4.94
5.00
6.44
6.45
7.21
7.58
8.99
8.47
11.13
0.56
NA
1.76
1.94
1.28
1.09
.94
.83
.74
1.04
1.15
2.00
Wood used for space heating is included in "Total Wood."

A small amount of natural gas used for air conditioning is included in "Total Natural Gas."
3 Includes refrigerators.
4 A small amount of distillate fuel oil and kerosene used for appliances is included in "Fuel Oil" under
"Total."
5 Retail electricity. One kilowatthour=3,412 Btu.
6 Distillate fuel oil and kerosene.
8 Wood used for both space heating and ambiance.
2
0.36
NA
.57
.51
.54
.58
.50
.65
.58
.89
.69
3.28
0.93
NA
1.91
2.17
2.58
2.31
2.02
2.03
1.98
2.86
3.83
4.80
9 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Data are estimates. For years not shown, there are no data available. Totals may not
equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: 1978 and 1979U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-84, "Residential
Energy Consumption Survey." 1980 forwardEIA, Form EIA-457, "Residential Energy Consumption
Survey."
53
Figure 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and Electronics
Share of Households With Selected Appliances, 1980 and 2009
1980
100
86
Percent
2009
79
74
6%
5%
61
60
59
38
40
2% 1%
96
82
77
80
Space Heating by Main Fuel, 2009
50%
37
30
35%
23
20
14
Natural Gas
Electricity
LPG
Distillate Fuel Oil
Wood
Other4
14
0
One
Two or More
Refrigerators
Separate
Freezer
Clothes
Washer
Clothes
Dryer
Dishwasher
Microwave
Oven
Share of Households With Selected Electronics, 1997 and 2009
Air-Conditioning Equipment, 1980 and 2009
100
100
None
13%
88
1997
2009
80
60
51
44
40
20
37
32
33
43
41
35
29
29
Percent
Percent
80
Window/Wall
Unit
30%
(7)
0
One
Two
Three or More
Televisions
VCR
DVR
20
6
One
Window/Wall
Unit
24%
60
40
21
None
43%
Two or More
Computers
Central
System
63%
Central
System
27%
0
1980
1
Natural gas and electric.

3
Includes kerosene.
4
Coal, solar, other fuel, or no heating equipment.
5
Video Cassette Recorder.
54
2009
Digital Video Recorder.

Not collected in 1997.
Note: Total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Source: Table 2.6.
Table 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and Electronics, Selected Years, 1978-2009
Year
Change
Appliance
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
2009
1980 to 2009
Total Households (millions) ..........
77
78
82
83
84
86
91
94
97
101
107
111
114
32
Percent of Households
Space Heating - Main Fuel 1
Natural Gas ....................................
Electricity 2 ......................................
Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............
Distillate Fuel Oil 3 ..........................
Wood ..............................................
Other 4 or No Equipment ................
55
16
4
20
2
3
55
17
5
17
4
2
55
18
5
15
6
2
56
17
4
14
6
3
57
16
5
13
7
3
55
17
5
12
7
3
55
20
5
12
6
3
55
23
5
11
4
2
53
26
5
11
3
2
52
29
5
9
2
2
55
29
5
7
2
2
52
30
5
7
3
3
50
35
5
6
2
1
-5
17
0
-9
-4
-1
Air Conditioning - Equipment

Central System 5 ............................
Window/Wall Unit 5 .........................
None ...............................................
23
33
44
24
31
45
27
30
43
27
31
42
28
30
42
30
30
40
34
30
36
39
29
32
44
25
32
47
25
28
55
23
23
59
25
16
63
24
13
36
-6
-30
Water Heating - Main Fuel

Natural Gas ....................................
Electricity 2 ......................................
Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............
Distillate Fuel Oil 3 ..........................
Other or No Water Heating .............
55
33
4
8
0
55
33
4
7
0
54
32
4
9
1
55
33
4
7
1
56
32
4
7
1
54
33
4
6
1
54
35
3
6
1
53
37
3
5
1
53
38
3
5
1
52
39
3
5
1
54
38
3
4
0
53
39
4
4
0
51
41
4
3
1
-3
9
0
-6
0
Appliances
Refrigerator 6 ..................................
One ...............................................
Two or More .................................
Separate Freezer ............................
Clothes Washer ..............................
Clothes Dryer ..................................
Natural Gas ..................................
Electric ..........................................
Dishwasher .....................................
Range/Stove/Oven .........................
Natural Gas ..................................
Electric ..........................................
Microwave Oven .............................
100
86
14
35
74
59
14
45
35
99
48
53
8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
100
86
14
38
74
61
14
47
37
99
46
57
14
100
87
13
38
73
61
16
45
37
100
46
56
17
100
86
13
37
71
60
15
45
36
99
47
56
21
100
88
12
37
73
62
16
46
38
99
46
57
34
100
86
14
34
75
66
15
51
43
99
43
60
61
100
84
15
34
76
69
16
53
45
100
42
59
79
100
85
15
35
77
70
14
57
45
100
33
63
84
100
85
15
33
77
71
15
55
50
99
35
62
83
100
83
17
32
79
74
16
57
53
100
35
62
86
100
78
22
32
83
79
17
61
58
99
35
62
88
100
77
23
30
82
79
15
63
59
99
34
60
96
0
-9
9
-8
8
18
1
16
22
0
-12
3
82
Electronics
Television .......................................
One ...............................................
Two ...............................................
Three or More ...............................
Video Cassette Recorder (VCR) ....
Digital Video Recorder (DVR) .........
Computer ........................................
One ...............................................
Two or More .................................
Printer .............................................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
98
47
38
14
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
98
51
34
14
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
98
49
35
15
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
98
46
34
18
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
98
40
35
23
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
99
35
36
28
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
99
34
36
28
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5
99
32
37
29
88
NA
35
29
6
12
99
27
36
36
7 90
NA
56
42
15
49
99
21
35
43
80
NA
68
45
23
59
99
21
33
44
51
43
76
41
35
60
1
-26
-5
30
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Includes households that have but do not use space heating equipment.
Retail (delivered) electricity.
Includes kerosene.
4 Coal, solar, or other fuels.
5 Households with both a central system and a window or wall unit are counted only under "Central
System." Includes households that have but do not use air conditioning equipment.
6 Fewer than 0.5 percent of the households do not have a refrigerator.
7 The 2001 "Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS)" only had one question for VCRs and
2
3
DVD players.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Data are estimates. For years not shown, there are no data available. Totals may not
Sources: 1978 and 1979U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-84, "RECS."
1980 forwardEIA, Form EIA-457, "RECS."
55
Figure 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2009
By Fuel Type
60
57
Million Occupied Housing Units
1950
40
2009
38
20
14
11
(s)
0
Natural Gas
Electricity
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG
(s)
Wood
Other 4 and None
Coal
By Fuel Type, Share of Total

60
1950
2009
51
40
Percent
34
34
26
22
20
10
Natural Gas
1
Electricity
Distillate Fuel Oil
Sum of components do not equal total due to independent rounding.

3
Includes coal coke.
2
56
5
2
LPG
Wood
Kerosene, solar, and other.

(s)=Less than 0.5.
Source: Table 2.7.
(s)
Coal
Other 4 and None
Table 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2009
Year
Coal 1
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Natural
Gas
Electricity
Wood
Solar
Other 2
None 3
4.17
2.24
.79
.60
.85
1.24
1.14
1.89
4.09
6.25
5.45
4.59
4.44
4.10
3.53
1.79
1.70
1.67
1.56
1.41
1.47
1.78
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.05
.05
.04
.03
.03
.02
.03
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
0.77
.22
.27
.15
.08
.15
.10
.10
.16
.37
.28
.40
.41
.50
.64
.36
.21
.19
.16
.21
.46
.24
1.57
.48
.40
.45
.47
.51
.57
.59
.68
.53
.66
.66
.86
.91
1.04
.62
.54
.39
.44
.40
.48
.38
42.83
53.02
63.45
69.34
72.52
75.28
78.57
83.18
84.64
88.43
90.89
93.68
93.15
94.73
97.69
99.49
102.80
105.44
105.84
108.87
110.69
111.81
9.7
4.2
1.3
.9
1.2
1.6
1.4
2.3
4.8
7.1
6.0
4.9
4.8
4.3
3.6
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.1
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.8
.4
.4
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
.4
.3
.4
.4
.5
.7
.4
.2
.2
.1
.2
.4
.2
3.7
.9
.6
.7
.6
.7
.7
.7
.8
.6
.7
.7
.9
1.0
1.1
.6
.5
.4
.4
.4
.4
.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Total
Million Occupied Housing Units

1950
1960
1970
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983 5
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001 6
2003
2005
2007
2009
14.48
6.46
1.82
.80
.57
.45
.36
.36
.43
.45
.41
.34
.32
.30
.21
.18
.17
.13
.13
.10
.09
.10
9.46
17.16
16.47
17.24
16.30
15.62
15.30
14.13
12.59
12.44
12.74
12.47
11.47
11.17
10.98
10.10
10.03
9.81
9.50
9.38
8.74
8.21
( )
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
.44
.41
.37
.45
1.06
1.08
1.07
.99
1.02
1.06
.75
.72
.65
.64
.55
.57
.60
0.98
2.69
3.81
4.42
4.15
4.18
4.13
4.17
3.87
3.58
3.66
3.66
3.88
3.92
4.25
5.40
5.91
6.04
6.13
6.23
6.10
5.82
11.12
22.85
35.01
38.46
40.93
41.54
43.32
46.08
46.70
45.33
45.96
47.40
47.02
47.67
49.20
51.05
52.37
54.13
54.93
56.32
56.68
56.81
0.28
.93
4.88
7.21
9.17
11.15
13.24
15.49
15.68
18.36
20.61
23.06
23.71
25.11
26.77
29.20
31.14
32.41
32.34
34.26
36.08
37.85
Percent
1950
1960
1970
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983 5
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001 6
2003
2005
2007
2009
1
33.8
12.2
2.9
1.2
.8
.6
.5
.4
.5
.5
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
22.1
32.4
26.0
24.9
22.5
20.7
19.5
17.0
14.9
14.1
14.0
13.3
12.3
11.8
11.2
10.2
9.8
9.3
9.0
8.6
7.9
7.3
( )
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
.6
.5
.4
.5
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
.8
.7
.6
.6
.5
.5
.5
2.3
5.1
6.0
6.4
5.7
5.6
5.3
5.0
4.6
4.1
4.0
3.9
4.2
4.1
4.4
5.4
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.5
5.2
26.0
43.1
55.2
55.5
56.4
55.2
55.1
55.4
55.2
51.3
50.6
50.6
50.5
50.3
50.4
51.3
50.9
51.3
51.9
51.7
51.2
50.8
Includes coal coke.

Includes briquettes (made of pitch and sawdust), coal dust, waste material (such as corncobs),
purchased steam, and other fuels not separately displayed.
3 In 1950 and 1960, also includes nonreporting units, which totaled 997 and 2,000 units, respectively.
4 Included in "Distillate Fuel Oil."
5 Beginning in 1983, the American Housing Survey for the United States has been a biennial survey.
6 Beginning in 2001, data are consistent with the 2000 Census. For 2001 data consistent with the 1990
Census, see American Housing Survey for the United States: 2001.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent.
2
0.6
1.8
7.7
10.4
12.6
14.8
16.9
18.6
18.5
20.8
22.7
24.6
25.5
26.5
27.4
29.4
30.3
30.7
30.6
31.5
32.6
33.9
Notes: Includes mobile homes and individual housing units in apartment buildings. Housing units with
more than one type of heating system are classified according to the principal type of heating system.
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption for all data beginning in
1950. For related information, see http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/ahs.html.
Sources: 1950, 1960, and 1970Bureau of the Census, Census of Population and Housing. 1973
forwardBureau of the Census, American Housing Survey for the United States, biennial surveys, Table
2-5.
57
Figure 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy
All Motor Vehicles, 1949-2008
Index 1973=100
175
150
Fuel Economy2
125
Mileage3
100
Fuel Consumption4
75
50
25
0
1950
1955
1960
Mileage, 1966-2008
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
Fuel Consumption, 1966-2008
1990
2000
2005
Fuel Economy, 1966-2008
32
1995
25
Heavy-Duty Trucks
16
Vans, Pickup Trucks,

and SUVs5
Passenger Cars6
20
Miles per Gallon
24
Thousand Gallons per Vehicle
Thousand Miles per Vehicle
Passenger Cars6
Heavy-Duty Trucks
2
and SUVs5
15

and SUVs5
10
Heavy-Duty Trucks
Passenger Cars6
0
1970
1980
1990
2000
0
1970
1980
1990
Passenger cars, motorcycles, vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, trucks, and buses.
Miles per gallon.
3
Miles per vehicle.
4
Gallons per vehicle.
58
2000
Sport utility vehicle.

Through 1989, includes motorcycles
Source: Table 2.8.
1970
1980
1990
2000
Table 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, Selected Years, 1949-2008
Passenger Cars 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
1
Vans, Pickup Trucks, and Sport Utility Vehicles 2
All Motor Vehicles 4
Mileage
Fuel
Consumption
Fuel
Economy
Mileage
Fuel
Consumption
Fuel
Economy
Mileage
Fuel
Consumption
Fuel
Economy
Mileage
Fuel
Consumption
Fuel
Economy
Miles per
Vehicle
Gallons
per Vehicle
Miles
per Gallon
Miles per
Vehicle
Gallons
per Vehicle
Miles
per Gallon
Miles per
vehicle
Gallons
per vehicle
Miles
per Gallon
Miles per
Vehicle
Gallons
per Vehicle
Miles
per Gallon
627
603
645
668
661
737
665
681
676
665
620
551
538
535
534
530
538
543
539
531
1533
520
501
517
527
531
530
534
539
544
553
547
534
555
556
553
567
554
547
522
15.0
15.0
14.6
14.3
14.5
13.5
14.0
13.8
14.1
14.3
14.6
16.0
16.5
16.9
17.1
17.4
17.5
17.4
18.0
18.8
119.0
20.2
21.1
21.0
20.5
20.7
21.1
21.2
21.5
21.6
21.4
21.9
22.1
22.0
22.2
22.5
22.1
22.5
22.5
22.6
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
8,676
9,829
10,127
10,607
10,968
10,802
10,437
10,244
10,276
10,497
11,151
10,506
10,764
11,114
11,465
11,676
11,902
12,245
12,381
12,430
12,156
12,018
11,811
12,115
12,173
11,957
11,672
11,204
11,364
11,287
11,184
10,920
10,920
10,962
10,951
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
866
934
934
947
948
905
854
819
762
767
797
735
738
744
745
724
738
721
717
714
701
694
685
703
707
701
669
636
650
697
690
617
612
609
605
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
10.0
10.5
10.8
11.2
11.6
11.9
12.2
12.5
13.5
13.7
14.0
14.3
14.6
14.9
15.4
16.1
16.1
17.0
17.3
17.4
17.3
17.3
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.0
17.4
17.6
17.5
16.2
16.2
17.7
17.8
18.0
18.1
9,712
10,316
10,576
10,693
10,851
13,565
15,167
15,438
16,700
18,045
18,502
18,736
19,016
19,931
21,083
22,550
20,597
22,143
23,349
22,485
22,926
23,603
24,229
25,373
26,262
25,838
26,514
26,092
27,032
25,397
26,014
25,617
26,602
27,071
28,093
27,023
26,235
25,231
25,152
25,254
1,080
1,229
1,293
1,333
1,387
2,467
2,722
2,764
3,002
3,263
3,380
3,447
3,565
3,647
3,769
3,967
3,570
3,821
3,937
3,736
3,776
3,953
4,047
4,210
4,309
4,202
4,315
4,221
4,218
4,135
4,352
4,391
4,477
4,642
4,215
4,057
4,385
4,304
4,275
4,075
9.0
8.4
8.2
8.0
7.8
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.4
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.9
5.8
6.7
6.7
6.0
5.9
5.9
6.2
9,498
9,321
9,661
9,732
9,826
9,976
9,627
9,774
9,978
10,077
9,722
9,458
9,477
9,644
9,760
10,017
10,020
10,143
10,453
10,721
10,932
11,107
11,294
11,558
11,595
11,683
11,793
11,813
12,107
12,211
12,206
12,164
11,887
12,171
12,208
12,200
12,082
12,017
11,920
11,619
9,388
9,060
9,447
9,518
9,603
9,989
9,309
9,418
9,517
9,500
9,062
8,813
8,873
9,050
9,118
9,248
9,419
9,464
9,720
9,972
110,157
10,504
10,571
10,857
10,804
10,992
11,203
11,330
11,581
11,754
11,848
11,976
11,831
12,202
12,325
12,460
12,510
12,485
12,304
11,788
Through 1989, includes motorcycles.

Includes a small number of trucks with 2 axles and 4 tires, such as step vans.
Single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks.
4 Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not separately displayed.
5 Included in "Heavy-Duty Trucks."
P=Preliminary.
2
Heavy-Duty Trucks 3
726
725
761
784
787
830
790
806
814
816
776
712
697
686
686
691
685
692
694
688
688
677
669
683
693
698
700
700
711
721
732
720
695
719
718
714
706
698
693
667
13.1
12.8
12.7
12.4
12.5
12.0
12.2
12.1
12.3
12.4
12.5
13.3
13.6
14.1
14.2
14.5
14.6
14.7
15.1
15.6
15.9
16.4
16.9
16.9
16.7
16.7
16.8
16.9
17.0
16.9
16.7
16.9
17.1
16.9
17.0
17.1
17.1
17.2
17.2
17.4
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption for all data beginning in

1949. For related information, see http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm.
Sources: Passenger Cars, 1990-1994: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation
Statistics,
National
Transportation
Statistics
1998,
Table
4-13.
All
Other
Data:
1949-1994Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table
VM-201A. 1995 forwardFHWA, Highway Statistics, annual reports, Table VM-1.
59
Figure 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source

By Survey Year, 1979-2003
4
Quadrillion Btu
Electricity1
Natural Gas
1
District Heat
Fuel Oil2
0
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
By Census Region, 2003

4
Electricity
Natural Gas
Fuel Oil
3.6
District Heat
Quadrillion Btu
2.1
2
1.5
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.5
0.2
0.2
Northeast
Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.
60
Midwest
0.6
0.4
0.2
(s)
0.6
0.5
0.2
(s)
South
0.2
(s)
West
United States
Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater than 50 percent or
fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.
Note: See Appendix C for map of Census regions.
Source: Table 2.9.
Table 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-2003
(Trillion Btu)
Square Footage Category
Energy Source
and Year
1,001 to
10,000
10,001 to
100,000
Over
100,000
Major Sources 2
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
1,255
1,242
1,273
1,259
1,258
1,332
1,381
1,248
2,202
1,935
2,008
2,402
2,301
2,152
2,300
2,553
1,508
1,646
1,696
2,127
1,932
1,838
2,053
2,721
Electricity 5
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
429
469
654
572
586
618
698
685
872
903
927
1,145
991
1,064
1,235
1,405
Natural Gas
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
646
684
485
568
572
535
604
482
Fuel Oil 6
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
District Heat 7
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
1
2
3
4
Census Region 1
Principal Building Activity

Food
Sales
Food
Service
Health
Care
Lodging
Mercantile
and Service
Office
All
Other
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
All
Buildings
511
480
633
704
637
614
649
820
(3)
(3)
147
139
137
137
201
251
336
414
247
255
307
332
447
427
469
463
456
449
403
561
515
594
278
362
299
425
463
461
450
510
894
812
985
1,048
892
973
1,145
1,333
861
1,018
1,008
1,230
1,247
1,019
1,089
1,134
1,616
1,274
1,202
1,538
1,404
1,225
1,237
1,455
1,217
858
1,037
1,354
1,090
1,035
1,116
1,396
1,826
1,821
1,585
1,659
1,578
1,497
1,509
1,799
1,395
1,462
1,459
1,648
1,825
1,684
1,961
2,265
526
682
896
1,126
998
1,106
1,147
1,063
4,965
4,823
4,977
5,788
5,490
5,321
5,733
6,523
608
758
809
1,056
1,033
926
1,164
1,469
163
152
179
217
235
221
257
371
(3)
(3)
99
105
113
119
165
208
171
212
121
113
138
166
216
217
129
147
132
154
138
211
232
248
119
151
120
138
189
187
196
235
361
426
536
550
444
508
659
883
424
509
641
781
704
676
767
719
543
532
563
715
649
521
606
679
425
324
430
586
419
436
543
587
593
673
584
609
622
558
662
799
662
801
867
975
1,002
1,027
1,247
1,542
227
331
510
604
566
587
645
631
1,908
2,129
2,390
2,773
2,609
2,608
3,098
3,559
996
809
715
836
1,017
830
803
909
532
597
523
670
586
580
616
709
214
246
254
323
291
245
227
268
(3)
(3)
45
27
24
18
31
39
145
188
114
128
157
158
216
203
221
218
205
186
189
258
217
243
115
170
105
187
193
213
181
215
422
327
332
417
381
395
446
403
272
365
258
238
388
239
219
269
784
576
409
566
552
420
486
460
443
278
244
353
354
297
299
462
1,007
978
742
831
747
750
709
751
470
523
426
498
697
528
618
527
255
311
311
391
376
371
396
360
2,174
2,091
1,723
2,073
2,174
1,946
2,023
2,100
177
85
114
101
86
71
29
71
272
140
206
170
111
104
73
74
231
90
121
86
75
60
60
83
107
61
103
71
62
57
48
47
(3)
(3)
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
15
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
97
28
Q
17
21
21
19
11
20
18
20
10
16
Q
Q
35
103
43
105
76
55
49
18
41
107
75
39
43
47
28
29
18
232
79
130
122
67
70
65
68
285
172
270
237
194
168
138
181
133
28
63
61
26
16
5
24
237
104
86
50
48
45
29
15
26
Q
23
Q
Q
7
8
9
681
314
442
357
272
235
179
228
Q
Q
Q
19
Q
Q
Q
Q
61
83
159
252
182
154
158
165
136
202
243
315
238
271
213
460
27
21
97
Q
49
91
117
134
(3)
(3)
Q
Q
NC
Q
Q
NC
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
22
70
80
92
55
70
46
Q
24
22
Q
Q
65
57
68
Q
Q
Q
12
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
58
68
71
167
109
75
74
128
57
87
99
134
135
214
126
247
64
84
94
179
123
135
136
166
93
141
196
159
183
173
132
225
Q
34
81
126
78
83
67
182
Q
30
51
121
51
Q
98
Q
201
289
422
585
435
533
433
636
Education
See Appendix C for map of Census regions.

Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat.
Included in "Food Service."
Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and
parking garages.
5 Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses.
6 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.
7 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only.
Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and
non-purchased steam and hot water.
Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20
buildings were sampled. NC=No cases in the sample.

Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are for all buildings using each fuel. Statistics for
"Major Sources" are for the sum of "Electricity," "Natural Gas," "Fuel Oil," and "District Heat," across all
buildings using any of those fuels.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/cbecs.
Sources: 1979U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-143, "Nonresidential
Buildings Energy Consumption Survey." 1983EIA, Form EIA-788, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy
Consumption Survey." 1986EIA, Form EIA-871, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption
Survey." 1989 forwardEIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey."
61
Figure 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003
Buildings by Energy Source Used
Consumption
Consumption per Square Foot

125
4
Electricity
Natural Gas
Fuel Oil
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1999
2003
Square Footage per Building by

Energy Source Used
Fuel Oil
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1999
0
1979
2003
Billion Dollars
Dollars
Thousand Square Feet
Fuel Oil
Electricity
Electricity
60
0.9
District Heat
Natural Gas
2003
0
1979
Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.

Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.
3
2
62
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1999
Natural Gas
0.3
Electricity
1999
District Heat
0.6
30
Fuel Oil
1999
1.2
Natural Gas
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1.5
90
60
0
1979
Fuel Oil
Expenditures Per Square Foot
District Heat
30
Natural Gas
50
25
Expenditures
90
75
District Heat
District Heat
0
1979
District Heat
Electricity
0
1979
Natural Gas
Thousand Btu
100
Electricity
3
Quadrillion Btu
Thousands of Buildings
2003
0
1979
Fuel Oil
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
Note: For years not shown, there are no data available.

Source: Table 2.10.
1999
2003
2003
Table 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003
Building Characteristics
Energy Consumption
Energy Expenditures
Number of
Buildings
Total
Square Feet
Square Feet
per Building
Total
Per
Building
Per
Square Foot
Per
Employee
Total
Per
Building
Per
Square Foot
Per
Million Btu
Energy Source
and Year
Thousands
Millions
Thousands
Trillion Btu
Million Btu
Thousand Btu
Million Btu
Million Dollars 1
Thousand Dollars 1
Dollars 1
Dollars 1
Major Sources 2
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
3,073
3,185
4,154
4,528
4,806
4,579
4,657
4,859
43,546
49,471
58,199
63,184
67,876
58,772
67,338
71,658
14.2
15.5
14.0
14.0
14.1
12.8
14.5
14.7
5,008
4,856
5,040
5,788
5,490
5,321
5,733
6,523
1,630
1,525
1,213
1,278
1,142
1,162
1,231
1,342
115.0
98.2
86.6
91.6
80.9
90.5
85.1
91.0
85.0
65.7
68.6
81.9
77.1
69.3
70.0
(5)
33,821
55,764
60,762
70,826
71,821
69,918
81,552
107,897
11.0
17.5
14.6
15.6
14.9
15.3
17.5
22.2
0.78
1.13
1.04
1.12
1.06
1.19
1.21
1.51
6.75
11.48
12.06
12.24
13.08
13.14
14.22
16.54
Electricity 4
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
3,001
3,052
3,965
4,294
4,611
4,343
4,395
4,617
43,153
48,327
56,508
61,563
66,525
57,076
65,716
70,181
14.4
15.8
14.3
14.3
14.4
13.1
15.0
15.2
1,908
2,129
2,390
2,773
2,609
2,608
3,098
3,559
636
697
603
646
566
600
706
771
44.2
44.1
42.3
45.0
39.2
45.7
47.1
50.7
32.4
28.9
32.7
39.3
36.6
34.1
37.9
(5)
23,751
39,279
47,186
55,943
57,619
56,621
66,424
82,783
7.9
12.9
11.9
13.0
12.5
13.0
15.1
17.9
.55
.81
.84
.91
.87
.99
1.01
1.18
12.45
18.45
19.74
20.17
22.09
21.71
21.44
23.26
Natural Gas
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
1,864
1,904
2,214
2,420
2,657
2,478
2,670
2,538
30,477
33,935
37,263
41,143
44,994
38,145
45,525
48,473
16.4
17.8
16.8
17.0
16.9
15.4
17.1
19.1
2,174
2,091
1,723
2,073
2,174
1,946
2,023
2,100
1,167
1,098
778
857
818
785
758
828
71.3
61.6
46.2
50.4
48.3
51.0
44.4
43.3
52.5
40.6
35.2
43.2
42.5
38.7
36.0
(5)
5,814
11,443
8,355
9,204
9,901
9,018
10,609
16,010
3.1
6.0
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.6
4.0
6.3
.19
.34
.22
.22
.22
.24
.23
.33
2.67
5.47
4.85
4.44
4.55
4.63
5.24
7.62
Fuel Oil 6
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
641
441
534
581
560
607
434
465
11,397
9,409
11,005
12,600
13,215
14,421
13,285
16,265
17.8
21.3
20.6
21.7
23.6
23.7
30.6
35.0
681
314
442
357
272
235
179
228
1,063
714
827
614
487
387
412
490
59.7
33.4
40.1
28.3
20.6
16.3
13.5
14.0
40.5
19.8
27.7
21.0
15.1
10.2
9.1
(5)
2,765
2,102
2,059
1,822
1,400
1,175
956
1,826
4.3
4.8
3.9
3.1
2.5
1.9
2.2
3.9
.24
.22
.19
.14
.11
.08
.07
.11
4.06
6.68
4.66
5.11
5.14
5.00
5.35
8.01
District Heat 7
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
47
64
77
98
95
110
117
67
3,722
4,643
4,625
6,578
5,245
5,658
5,891
5,576
79.0
72.9
59.7
67.0
55.4
51.5
50.2
83.0
201
289
422
585
435
533
433
636
4,267
4,530
5,446
5,964
4,596
4,849
3,692
9,470
54.0
62.1
91.2
89.0
82.9
94.1
73.6
114.0
26.5
34.4
52.4
56.5
60.9
51.2
50.1
(5)
1,267
2,627
2,620
3,857
2,901
3,103
3,564
7,279
26.9
41.2
33.8
39.3
30.7
28.3
30.4
108.4
.34
.57
.57
.59
.55
.55
.60
1.31
6.30
9.10
6.21
6.59
6.67
5.83
8.23
11.45
Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat.
Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and
parking garages.
4 Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses.
5 Total number of employees not collected in 2003.
6 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.
7 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only.
Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and
2
3
non-purchased steam and hot water.

Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are for all buildings using each fuel. Statistics for
major sources are for all buildings, even buildings using no major fuel.
Sources: 1979U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-143, "Nonresidential
Buildings Energy Consumption Survey." 1983EIA, Form EIA-788, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy
Consumption Survey." 1986EIA, Form EIA-871, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption
Survey." 1989 forwardEIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey."
63
Figure 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003

By End Use
1,500
1,340
Trillion Btu
1,000
481
500
436
418
381
167
156
88
69
24
0
Lighting
Cooling
Ventilation
Refrigeration
Space
Computers
Heating
Water
Office
Heating
Equipment
Cooking
Other
By Principal Building Activity

800
Trillion Btu (Cumulative)
733
719
All Other End Uses

Cooling
Lighting
600
400
371
248
244
235
267
217
200
208
167
149
Public
Service
0
Mercantile
Office
Education
Health Care
Warehouse
Lodging
Food Service
Food Sales
1
Examples of other include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers,
hoists, and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers, and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters, and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; sign
motors, time clocks, vending machines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards,
fire alarms, intercoms, television sets, radios, projectors, and door operators.
64
Other
Assembly
and Storage
2
Religious worship, public order and safety, vacant, and buildings that do not fit into any of
the other named categories.
Note: Data are estimates for electricity consumption, excluding electrical system energy
losses.
Source: Table 2.11.
Table 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003

(Trillion Btu)
End Use
Space
Heating
Cooling
Ventilation
Water
Heating
Lighting
Cooking
Refrigeration
Office
Equipment
Computers
Other 1
Total
All Buildings ....................................
167
481
436
88
1,340
24
381
69
156
418
3,559
Principal Building Activity

Education ......................................
Food Sales ...................................
Food Service ................................
Health Care ..................................
Inpatient .....................................
Outpatient ..................................
Lodging .........................................
Mercantile .....................................
Retail (Other Than Mall) ............
Enclosed and Strip Malls ...........
Office ............................................
Public Assembly ...........................
Public Order and Safety ...............
Religious Worship .........................
Service ..........................................
Warehouse and Storage ...............
Other 2 ..........................................
Vacant ..........................................
15
6
10
6
3
3
14
58
6
52
33
5
2
3
6
5
2
1
74
12
28
34
25
9
24
109
25
84
101
35
8
11
15
13
16
2
83
7
24
42
38
4
14
68
16
51
63
63
10
5
24
20
11
1
11
Q
10
2
2
(s)
12
38
2
36
7
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
2
Q
Q
113
46
42
105
76
28
124
308
111
197
281
27
18
17
63
132
59
4
2
2
13
1
1
(s)
2
2
(s)
2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
Q
Q
Q
Q
16
119
70
8
4
4
12
49
22
27
35
9
3
6
9
36
10
(s)
4
2
2
4
2
2
Q
8
3
5
32
Q
1
(s)
1
2
Q
Q
32
2
2
10
7
3
6
11
4
8
74
3
2
1
3
5
5
(s)
21
10
15
36
21
15
24
83
22
61
91
23
10
18
28
30
22
7
371
208
217
248
178
69
235
733
211
523
719
167
57
62
149
244
133
15
1 Examples of "other" include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers, hoists,
and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters,
and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; sign motors, time clocks, vending
machines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards, fire alarms, intercoms, television sets,
radios, projectors, and door operators.
2 Includes buildings that do not fit into any of the other named categories.
(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater
than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: Data are estimates for electricity consumption, excluding electrical system energy losses.
One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
2003," Table E3A.
65
Energy Consumption by Sector

Note. Electrical System Energy Losses. Electrical system energy losses are
calculated as the difference between total primary consumption by the electric
power sectorsee Table 2.1fand the total energy content of electricity retail
salessee Tables 8.9 and A6. Most of these losses occur at steam-electric
power plants (conventional and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy into
mechanical energy to turn electric generators. The loss is a thermodynamically
necessary feature of the steam-electric cycle. Part of the energy input-to-output
66
losses is a result of imputing fossil energy equivalent inputs for hydroelectric,

geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind energy sources. In addition to
conversion losses, other losses included power plant use of electricity, transmission and distribution of electricity from power plants to end-use consumers
(also called line losses), and unaccounted for electricity. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector's share of total electricity
sales. Overall, about two thirds of total energy input is lost in conversion.
Currently, of electricity generated, approximately 5 percent is lost in plant use
and 7 percent is lost in transmission and distribution.
Figure 3.1
Fossil Fuel Production Prices
Prices, 1949-2010
Chained (2005) Dollars per Million Btu
16
14
12
Natural
Gas
Crude Oil
10
8
Fossil Fuel Composite
6
4
2
Coal
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Fossil Fuel Composite Price2, Change From Previous Year, 1950-2010

60
40
Percent
20
0
-20
-40
-60
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1
In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators
in Table D1. See Chained Dollars in Glossary.
68
Based on real prices.

Source: Table 3.1.
Table 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010

(Dollars per Million Btu)
Coal 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Natural Gas 2
Crude Oil 3
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
0.21
.21
.19
.19
.18
.27
.85
.86
.88
.98
1.06
1.10
1.18
1.23
1.18
1.16
1.15
1.09
1.05
1.01
1.00
1.00
.99
.97
.93
.91
.88
.87
.85
.83
.79
.80
.84
.87
.87
.98
1.16
1.24
1.29
1.55
R1.67
1.77
1.45
1.41
1.12
1.04
.92
1.09
2.52
2.41
2.34
2.43
2.42
2.30
2.27
2.21
2.05
1.95
1.87
1.73
1.63
1.51
1.44
1.38
1.33
1.27
1.19
1.14
1.08
1.04
1.01
.97
.91
.90
.92
.94
.93
1.01
1.16
1.20
1.21
R1.42
R1.52
1.60
0.05
.06
.09
.13
.15
.15
.40
.53
.72
.84
1.08
1.45
1.80
2.22
2.32
2.40
2.26
1.75
1.50
1.52
1.53
1.55
1.48
1.57
1.84
1.67
1.40
1.96
2.10
1.77
1.98
3.32
3.62
2.67
4.41
4.95
6.64
5.79
5.66
R7.25
R3.33
3.78
0.37
.43
.54
.68
.73
.63
1.20
1.50
1.92
2.07
2.47
3.03
3.44
4.01
4.03
4.01
3.67
2.78
2.32
2.28
2.20
2.14
1.98
2.05
2.36
2.10
1.72
2.36
2.48
2.07
2.28
3.75
3.99
2.90
4.69
5.11
6.64
5.61
5.33
6.67
R3.04
3.41
0.44
.43
.48
.50
.49
.55
1.32
1.41
1.48
1.55
2.18
3.72
5.48
4.92
4.52
4.46
4.15
2.16
2.66
2.17
2.73
3.45
2.85
2.76
2.46
2.27
2.52
3.18
2.97
1.87
2.68
4.61
3.77
3.88
4.75
6.34
8.67
10.29
11.47
16.21
9.72
12.88
1 Free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal at the point of first sale,
excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" in Glossary.
2 Wellhead prices (converted to dollars per million Btu using marketed production heat contents). See
"Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.
3 Domestic first purchase prices. See "Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price" in Glossary.
4 Derived by multiplying the price per Btu of each fossil fuel by the total Btu content of the production of
each fossil fuel and dividing this accumulated value of total fossil fuel production by the accumulated Btu
content of total fossil fuel production.
Fossil Fuel Composite 4

Real 6
3.02
2.96
2.88
2.67
2.48
2.26
3.94
3.98
3.91
3.84
4.98
7.80
10.49
8.87
7.84
7.47
6.75
3.43
4.10
3.24
3.93
4.78
3.82
3.60
3.14
2.85
3.09
3.83
3.51
2.19
3.09
5.20
4.15
4.21
5.05
6.55
8.67
9.97
R10.79
R14.93
8.86
11.64
Nominal 5
Real 6
0.26
.26
.27
.28
.28
.32
.82
.90
1.01
1.12
1.42
2.04
2.75
2.76
2.70
2.65
2.51
1.65
1.70
1.53
1.67
1.84
1.67
1.66
1.67
1.53
1.47
1.82
1.81
1.41
1.65
2.60
2.53
2.21
3.09
3.61
4.74
4.73
4.95
6.52
3.97
4.83
1.81
1.74
1.64
1.52
1.39
1.31
2.45
2.54
2.67
2.76
3.24
4.28
5.26
4.98
4.69
4.43
4.08
2.63
2.63
2.29
2.40
2.55
2.23
2.17
2.13
1.91
1.81
2.19
2.14
1.65
1.90
2.93
2.79
2.40
3.29
3.73
4.74
4.58
R4.65
6.01
3.62
4.37
Percent
Change 7
-3.6
-3.6
-2.3
-1.5
.8
10.9
3.8
5.1
3.4
17.3
32.1
22.9
-5.3
-5.8
-5.6
-7.8
-35.6
(s)
-12.8
5.0
6.2
-12.5
-3.1
-1.4
-10.4
-5.5
21.3
-2.5
-22.8
15.4
54.2
-4.8
-14.1
37.1
13.5
26.9
-3.3
R1.6
29.1
R-39.7
20.5

In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table
D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
7 Based on real values.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent and greater than -0.05
percent.
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#financial.
Sources: Tables 5.18, 6.7, 7.8, A2, A4, and A5.
6
U. S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010
69
Figure 3.2
Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Imports, and Exports
Overview, 1949-2010
Production by Fuel, 1949-2010
450
200
350
Imports
Production
300
175
200
150
150
100
50
Exports
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Overview, 2010
400
352
300
283
125
100
Natural
Gas
75
50
200
Coal
100
25
80
0
Production
Imports
Exports
1950
1
In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See Chained Dollars in Glossary.
70
Crude Oil
Production
250
Billion Real (2005) Dollars
Billion Chained (2005) Dollars
400
1960
1970
See Nominal Dollars in Glossary.

1980
1990
2000
2010
Table 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010

(Billion Dollars)
Coal 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Natural Gas 2
Crude Oil 3,4
Total
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
2.52
2.91
2.30
2.10
2.40
3.88
12.67
13.40
13.91
14.65
18.55
20.45
21.75
22.84
20.32
22.94
22.27
21.18
21.20
20.97
21.40
22.39
21.40
20.98
18.77
20.06
19.45
19.68
19.77
19.75
18.30
18.02
19.60
19.68
19.13
22.16
26.69
29.25
30.04
36.62
R35.73
38.67
17.38
19.86
13.88
11.28
12.04
15.97
37.74
37.75
36.84
36.26
42.39
42.83
41.64
41.22
35.27
38.39
36.16
33.65
32.73
31.31
30.78
31.01
28.63
27.41
23.99
25.12
23.86
23.69
23.38
23.09
21.09
20.32
21.62
21.36
20.33
22.90
26.69
28.33
R28.26
R33.71
R32.60
34.94
0.33
.44
.94
1.79
2.57
3.73
8.85
11.57
15.82
18.18
24.16
32.09
39.51
45.71
43.73
48.69
43.35
32.71
29.11
30.28
30.58
31.80
30.39
32.56
38.72
36.46
30.24
42.99
46.09
39.12
43.37
74.33
82.28
58.66
97.47
106.57
138.74
124.03
126.23
R168.33
R79.18
93.89
2.24
3.00
5.67
9.61
12.88
15.32
26.36
32.61
41.91
44.99
55.20
67.19
75.66
82.49
75.92
81.47
70.40
51.97
44.95
45.21
43.99
44.04
40.65
42.54
49.50
45.65
37.08
51.74
54.51
45.75
49.99
83.85
90.77
63.68
103.59
110.12
138.74
120.12
R118.75
R154.97
R72.23
84.84
4.68
4.95
6.88
7.42
8.15
11.19
23.45
24.37
25.79
28.60
39.45
67.93
99.40
90.03
83.05
84.10
78.88
39.63
46.93
37.48
44.07
53.77
44.77
41.97
35.61
32.07
35.00
43.68
40.57
24.80
33.40
56.93
46.25
47.21
57.14
72.93
95.03
111.16
122.96
170.38
R110.25
150.31
32.30
33.83
41.49
39.88
40.90
46.00
69.86
68.68
68.31
70.80
90.16
142.26
190.32
162.47
144.17
140.72
128.11
62.98
72.46
55.95
63.40
74.48
59.89
54.84
45.52
40.15
42.93
52.57
47.99
29.01
38.50
64.22
51.02
51.25
60.73
75.36
95.03
107.65
R115.68
R156.86
R100.58
135.83
7.52
8.30
10.12
11.30
13.11
18.80
44.96
49.34
55.52
61.43
82.16
120.47
160.66
158.58
147.10
155.74
144.50
93.52
97.24
88.73
96.05
107.96
96.57
95.50
93.10
88.59
84.69
106.35
106.43
83.68
95.08
149.27
148.13
125.54
173.75
201.66
260.46
264.44
279.23
R375.33
R225.16
282.86
51.93
56.69
61.04
60.77
65.82
77.30
133.96
139.04
147.07
152.05
187.75
252.28
307.62
286.18
255.36
260.58
234.67
148.60
150.14
132.46
138.17
149.53
129.18
124.79
119.02
110.92
103.87
128.00
125.88
97.85
109.57
168.39
163.41
136.28
184.64
208.39
260.46
256.10
R262.69
R345.55
R205.41
255.61
1 Coal values are based on free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal
at the point of first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" in
Glossary.
2 Natural gas values are for marketed production based on wellhead prices.
See "Natural Gas
Marketed Production" and "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.
4 Crude oil values are based on domestic first purchase prices.
See "Crude Oil Domestic First
Purchase Price" in Glossary.

Sources: Tables 5.1, 5.18, 6.2, 6.7, 7.2, and 7.8.
6
71
Figure 3.3
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source

By Energy Type, 2009
24
35
21
30
18
Dollars per Million Btu
Total Energy, 1970-2009
$17.03 in 2009
15
12
9
6
28.90
25
20
16.86
15
10
0
1970
7.66
3.30
2.33
0.55
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Prices by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2009
Retail
Electricity
Petroleum
Natural
Gas
Biomass
Coal
Nuclear
Fuel
20
20
18.51
16.98
16.38
12
Natural Gas
Petroleum
Coal
Index: 1970=1.00
16
15
14.29
12.61
9.69
10
4
Nuclear Fuel
Biomass
0
1970
1
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
Prior to 2001, also includes non-biomass waste.
3
Based on nominal dollars.
4
2
72
Motor
Gasoline
Distillate
Fuel Oil
LPG
Jet Fuel
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other
5
Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene,
lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
Source: Table 3.3.
Table 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2009

(Dollars 1 per Million Btu)
Primary Energy 2
Petroleum
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
Coal
Natural
Gas 3
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet
Fuel 4
0.38
.42
.45
.48
.88
1.03
1.04
1.11
1.27
1.36
1.46
1.64
1.73
1.70
1.71
1.69
1.62
1.53
1.50
1.48
1.49
1.48
1.45
1.42
1.39
1.37
1.33
1.32
1.29
1.27
1.24
1.29
1.30
1.32
1.41
1.62
1.78
1.88
2.21
2.33
0.59
.63
.68
.73
.89
1.18
1.46
1.76
1.95
2.31
2.86
3.43
4.23
4.72
4.75
4.61
4.07
3.77
3.78
3.82
3.82
3.74
3.83
4.10
4.08
3.73
4.25
4.53
4.13
4.16
5.62
6.87
R5.31
R7.08
R7.91
9.92
9.62
R9.31
10.83
7.66
1.16
1.22
1.22
1.46
2.44
2.60
2.77
3.11
3.26
4.69
6.70
8.03
7.78
7.32
7.37
7.22
5.68
5.97
5.83
6.43
7.68
7.29
7.09
7.08
6.99
6.98
7.87
7.66
6.57
7.19
9.86
R9.18
R8.64
R10.05
R12.23
R16.41
R18.55
R19.87
26.33
16.98
0.73
.77
.79
.92
1.58
2.05
2.25
2.59
2.87
3.90
6.36
7.57
7.23
6.53
6.25
5.91
3.92
4.03
3.80
4.39
5.68
4.83
4.52
4.29
3.95
4.00
4.82
4.53
3.35
4.01
6.64
5.72
5.33
6.46
8.93
12.86
14.80
16.01
22.56
12.61
LPG 5
R1.43
R1.46
R1.49
R1.97
R2.77
R2.93
R3.16
R3.61
R3.56
R4.46
R5.59
R6.13
R6.60
R7.11
R6.88
6.55
R6.43
R6.05
R5.86
R5.51
R6.72
R6.77
R6.16
R6.17
R6.61
R6.51
R7.98
R7.39
R5.95
R6.60
R9.55
R9.54
R8.09
R10.32
R12.24
R14.58
R16.85
R18.76
23.35
16.38
Motor
Gasoline 6
2.85
2.90
2.88
3.10
4.32
4.65
4.84
5.13
5.24
7.11
9.84
10.94
10.39
9.12
8.89
9.01
6.79
7.23
7.33
8.02
9.12
8.93
8.96
8.83
8.96
9.22
9.85
9.81
8.45
9.31
R11.89
R11.34
R10.69
12.34
R14.67
R17.89
20.27
R22.01
25.53
18.51
Residual
Fuel Oil
0.42
.58
.62
.75
1.82
1.93
1.90
2.14
2.08
2.83
3.88
4.91
4.65
4.50
4.75
4.30
2.37
2.86
2.35
2.72
3.17
2.62
2.28
2.26
2.32
2.46
2.80
2.93
2.15
2.51
4.32
3.99
3.91
4.75
4.92
6.65
7.93
R8.57
12.64
9.69
Consumption-weighted average prices for all sectors, including the electric power sector.
4 Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel.
Beginning in 2005, includes
kerosene-type jet fuel only.
6 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
7 Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants,
petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum
products.
8 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Through
2000, also includes non-biomass waste.
9 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed. In 2009, coal coke
imports averaged 10.82 dollars per million Btu, and coal coke exports averaged 4.17 dollars per million Btu.
10 Includes electricity imports, which are not separately displayed. For 1981-1992, also includes fuel
ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline data for those years.
11 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American
2
3
Other 7
1.38
1.45
1.49
1.58
2.60
2.94
3.08
3.27
3.45
4.70
7.04
8.67
7.87
7.60
7.72
7.55
5.80
5.63
5.26
5.50
5.82
R5.73
R5.51
R5.49
5.47
5.74
R6.20
R5.89
R5.02
5.30
R7.04
R6.41
R6.59
R7.62
R8.56
R10.98
R13.37
R14.94
18.83
14.29
Total
R1.71
R1.78
1.78
1.97
R3.05
R3.34
R3.46
3.73
3.84
5.23
7.40
8.68
R8.39
7.77
7.68
7.63
5.73
6.04
5.91
6.43
7.47
R7.19
7.07
R7.00
7.06
R7.28
R8.01
7.86
R6.63
7.33
R9.82
9.32
R8.83
10.31
R12.27
R15.53
R17.92
R19.47
24.18
16.86
Nuclear
Fuel
Biomass 8
0.18
.18
.18
.19
.20
.24
.25
.27
.30
.34
.43
.48
.54
.58
.67
.71
.70
.71
.73
.70
.67
.63
.59
.56
.56
.54
.51
.51
.50
.48
.46
.44
.43
.42
.42
.43
.44
.46
.47
.55
1.29
1.31
1.33
1.39
1.50
1.50
1.53
1.58
1.61
1.88
2.26
2.52
2.60
2.44
2.53
2.47
2.12
2.07
2.09
1.42
1.32
1.39
1.32
1.28
1.39
1.40
1.25
1.15
1.27
1.34
1.58
2.08
2.19
1.98
2.17
3.10
R3.15
R3.36
3.71
3.30
Total 9,10
1.08
1.15
1.18
1.29
1.94
2.19
2.34
2.58
2.71
3.47
4.57
5.25
R5.32
R5.11
5.04
4.92
3.97
4.00
3.89
4.07
R4.45
R4.28
4.24
R4.25
4.27
4.23
4.63
4.66
4.08
4.37
R5.70
5.83
R5.25
R6.28
R7.37
R9.24
R10.21
R10.75
12.93
9.37
Electric
Power
Sector 11,12
0.32
.38
.42
.47
.87
.97
1.03
1.17
1.27
1.50
1.77
2.04
2.05
2.02
2.02
1.91
1.60
1.57
1.49
1.51
1.48
1.40
1.38
1.40
1.36
1.29
1.35
1.38
1.32
1.33
1.71
1.85
1.54
1.84
2.00
2.61
2.48
2.68
3.21
2.44
Retail
Total
Electricity 13 Energy 9,10,14
4.98
5.30
5.54
5.86
7.42
8.61
9.13
10.11
10.92
11.78
13.95
16.14
18.16
18.62
18.50
19.05
19.05
18.74
18.68
18.98
19.32
19.84
20.06
20.38
20.33
20.29
20.16
20.13
19.80
19.52
20.03
21.41
21.15
21.85
22.38
23.92
26.15
26.84
28.64
28.90
1.65
1.76
1.84
2.02
2.87
3.33
3.57
3.98
4.23
5.21
6.89
8.03
8.46
8.39
R8.28
8.37
7.30
7.34
7.26
7.55
R8.24
8.20
8.13
8.25
8.30
8.28
8.75
8.80
8.20
8.53
R10.28
10.73
R10.06
R11.42
12.87
R15.55
R17.36
R18.24
21.37
17.03
Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and
heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric
utilities and independent power producers.
12 Consumption-weighted average electric power sector price for coal, natural gas, petroleum, nuclear
fuel, wood, waste, and electricity imports.
13 Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996,
other energy service providers.
14 Consumption-weighted average price for primary energy and retail electricity in the four end-use
sectors (residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation); excludes energy in the electric power
sector.
R=Revised.
Notes: Prices include taxes where data are available. There are no direct fuel costs for
hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energy Data 2009: Prices and Expenditures"
(June 2011), U.S. Table ET1.
73
Figure 3.4
Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2009
By Sector
Residential Sector by Major Source
25
40
22.13
33.72
20.69
17.54
15
11.04
10
20
30
21.49
20
11.81
10
0
Residential
Commercial
Transportation
Industrial
Commercial Sector by Major Source
Retail
Electricity
25
29.81
25
20
15.68
15
9.69
10
20
20.00
15
13.75
10
6.48
3.87
2.64
0
Retail
Electricity
1
2
74
Natural
Gas
Industrial Sector by Major Source
35
30
Petroleum
Petroleum
Natural
Gas
Retail
Electricity
Petroleum
Natural
Gas
Coal
Biomass
Notes: Consumer prices are intended to represent prices paid by consumers. As such
they include taxes where data are available. There are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric,
geothermal, wind, or solar energy.
Source: Table 3.4.
Table 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2009
(Dollars 1 per Million Btu)
Residential
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
Natural
Gas 2
1.06
1.12
1.18
1.26
1.42
1.67
1.94
2.30
2.52
2.92
3.60
4.19
5.05
5.88
5.95
5.94
5.67
5.39
5.32
5.47
5.63
5.66
5.73
5.99
6.23
5.89
6.16
6.75
6.61
6.50
7.64
9.42
R7.69
R9.24
R10.47
12.34
R13.35
R12.72
13.52
11.81
Retail
Petroleum Electricity 3
R1.54
R1.59
R1.62
R2.08
R2.85
R3.01
R3.23
R3.64
R3.76
R5.31
R7.24
R8.66
R8.65
R8.37
R8.43
R8.13
R6.76
R6.57
R6.56
R7.52
R8.66
R8.44
R7.76
R7.60
R7.68
R7.61
R8.79
R8.77
R7.70
R7.94
R11.36
R11.46
R10.20
R12.09
R13.59
R17.10
R19.66
R21.65
26.53
21.49
6.51
6.80
7.09
7.44
9.09
10.29
10.93
11.87
12.63
13.60
15.71
18.17
20.11
21.04
20.96
21.66
21.75
21.82
21.92
22.41
22.96
23.57
24.06
24.40
24.57
24.63
24.50
24.71
24.21
23.93
24.14
25.16
24.75
25.56
26.22
27.68
30.49
31.22
33.01
33.72
Commercial
Total 4
2.10
2.24
2.37
R2.71
3.38
R3.80
R4.12
R4.76
5.13
R5.99
7.46
8.82
9.78
10.66
10.66
10.91
10.75
10.71
10.66
11.02
R11.87
12.08
11.98
12.28
R12.62
R12.62
R12.72
13.29
R13.47
R13.18
R14.26
R15.67
R14.69
15.85
R17.06
R19.20
R21.54
R21.62
23.13
22.13
Natural
Gas 2
0.75
.80
.86
.91
1.05
1.32
1.61
2.00
2.20
2.69
3.32
3.91
4.70
5.43
5.40
5.34
4.94
4.64
4.51
4.61
4.70
4.69
4.75
5.08
5.35
4.94
5.26
5.67
5.38
5.22
6.56
8.32
6.49
R8.07
R9.19
R10.98
R11.60
R10.98
11.89
9.69
Industrial
Retail
Petroleum 5 Electricity 3 Total 6,7
R0.91
R1.02
R1.05
R1.21
R2.26
R2.40
R2.50
R2.85
R2.93
4.15
5.64
R6.97
6.65
R6.52
R6.50
R6.50
R4.46
R4.77
R4.52
R5.11
R6.07
R5.63
R5.40
R5.18
R5.08
R5.18
R6.23
R6.16
R5.14
R5.62
R8.36
R7.96
R7.23
R8.71
R10.27
R13.68
R16.09
R17.73
23.31
15.68
6.09
6.44
6.71
7.06
8.91
10.11
10.82
11.99
12.78
13.72
16.06
18.44
20.11
20.57
20.89
21.30
21.10
20.44
20.34
20.77
21.20
21.73
22.15
22.40
22.35
22.29
22.17
22.03
21.48
21.01
21.52
22.99
22.81
23.54
23.95
25.40
27.72
28.27
30.38
29.81
R1.97
R2.15
R2.32
R2.55
3.41
R4.07
R4.38
R5.12
R5.50
6.28
R7.83
R9.48
R10.35
R10.92
R11.13
R11.64
R11.21
R10.97
10.82
R11.26
R11.88
12.07
R12.16
R12.56
R12.73
R12.63
R12.77
R13.04
R13.06
R12.86
R13.92
15.56
R14.67
R15.64
R16.57
R18.61
R20.65
R20.75
22.47
20.69
3 Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996,
other energy service providers.
4 Includes coal, and wood and wood-derived fuels, which are not separately displayed.
6 Includes coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste, which are not separately displayed.
Through 2000, also includes non-biomass waste.
7 For 1981-1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the petroleum
data for those years.
2
Coal
Natural
Gas 2
0.45
.50
.55
.63
1.22
1.50
1.50
1.56
1.73
1.75
1.87
2.06
2.09
1.91
1.91
1.90
1.80
1.67
1.68
1.68
1.69
1.67
1.69
1.63
1.62
1.63
1.62
1.62
1.58
1.58
1.55
1.63
1.75
1.74
1.99
2.56
2.83
R2.92
3.51
3.87
0.38
.41
.46
.50
.67
.95
1.21
1.48
1.66
1.96
2.52
3.07
3.80
4.10
4.13
3.87
3.20
2.88
2.90
2.93
2.95
2.80
2.91
3.12
3.09
2.80
3.30
3.53
3.16
3.21
4.61
5.71
R4.47
R6.20
R7.02
R9.08
R8.76
8.28
10.06
6.48
Petroleum 5
0.98
1.05
1.05
1.18
2.24
2.46
2.57
2.84
2.96
3.99
5.75
6.84
6.51
6.57
6.56
6.29
4.92
4.96
4.62
4.69
5.48
5.31
5.00
R4.92
5.04
5.20
R6.05
R5.69
R4.53
R5.08
R7.30
R6.77
R6.46
R7.81
R9.36
R11.93
R14.25
R15.82
20.35
13.75
Transportation
Retail
Biomass 8 Electricity 3
1.59
1.59
1.59
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.59
1.60
1.60
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.20
.99
1.14
1.13
1.12
1.15
1.21
1.01
1.01
1.24
1.38
1.43
1.95
2.11
1.62
1.79
2.73
R2.66
R2.53
2.85
2.64
2.99
3.22
3.40
3.66
4.95
6.07
6.48
7.33
8.18
8.94
10.81
12.57
14.51
14.54
14.16
14.57
14.45
13.98
13.78
13.85
13.92
14.18
14.18
14.22
14.00
13.68
13.49
13.29
13.13
12.98
13.60
14.78
14.30
14.97
15.38
16.77
18.02
18.71
19.96
20.00
Total 7,9
0.84
.92
.99
1.10
1.78
2.20
2.43
2.78
3.03
3.63
4.71
5.52
6.05
6.21
6.12
6.03
5.36
5.17
5.00
4.92
5.23
5.18
5.13
5.16
5.15
4.97
5.40
5.34
4.91
5.12
R6.42
R6.88
R6.30
R7.48
R8.45
R10.39
R11.37
R11.92
14.29
11.04
Petroleum 5
2.31
2.37
2.38
2.57
3.70
4.02
4.20
4.47
4.59
6.19
8.60
9.83
9.42
8.44
8.25
8.26
6.21
6.57
6.56
7.17
8.27
7.98
7.91
7.87
7.91
8.08
8.76
8.69
7.47
8.23
R10.71
R10.20
R9.64
11.20
R13.43
R16.89
R19.13
R20.61
25.24
17.54
Total 7,10
2.31
2.37
2.38
2.57
3.70
4.02
4.21
4.48
4.59
6.19
8.61
9.84
9.43
8.45
8.26
8.27
6.22
6.59
6.57
7.18
8.28
7.99
7.93
7.88
7.92
8.09
8.77
8.70
7.48
8.23
R10.72
10.21
R9.65
11.21
R13.43
R16.89
R19.13
R20.61
25.23
17.54
9 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed.
10 Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which are not separately displayed.
R=Revised.
Notes: Prices include taxes where data are available. There are no direct fuel costs for
hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.
(June 2011), U.S. Tables ET3-ET6.
75
Figure 3.5
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source
Total Energy, 1970-2009
By Energy Type, 2009

700
1,500
600
578
1,200
500
Billion Dollars
Billion Dollars
$1,061 billion in 2009
900
600
400
350
300
200
159
300
100
46
0
1970
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Expenditures by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2009
Petroleum
Retail
Electricity
Natural
Gas
Coal
43
36
Biomass
Nuclear
Fuel

350
25
317
250
Billion Dollars
Index: 1970=1.00
300
Natural
Gas
20
15
Retail
Electricity
10
Coal
200
150
131
100
5
Petroleum
50
39
11
0
1970
1
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
3
Based on nominal dollars.
4
2
76
Motor
Gasoline
Distillate
Fuel Oil
LPG
Jet Fuel
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other
5
Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks,
petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
Source: Table 3.5.
Table 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2009

(Million Dollars 1)
Primary Energy 2
Petroleum
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
Coal
4,630
4,902
5,415
6,243
11,118
13,021
14,051
15,416
17,551
20,376
22,607
26,159
26,349
26,987
29,025
29,678
27,855
27,532
28,333
28,284
28,602
28,129
27,776
28,229
27,715
27,431
28,028
28,277
27,888
27,310
28,080
28,202
28,511
29,402
31,764
36,932
40,005
R42,717
49,438
45,824
Coal Coke
Net
Imports 3
-75
-40
-26
7
150
82
44
67
362
259
-78
-31
-52
-44
-22
-34
-40
7
116
137
22
44
126
96
214
234
156
170
188
140
146
82
180
169
1,125
633
509
347
1,465
-42
Natural
Gas 4
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet
Fuel 5
10,891
12,065
13,198
13,933
16,380
20,061
25,097
29,602
33,185
40,785
51,061
60,544
68,292
72,000
77,169
72,938
59,702
58,019
61,089
66,198
65,278
65,956
70,086
77,052
78,581
75,020
86,904
93,382
83,620
84,960
119,094
139,388
111,368
144,489
162,702
200,303
190,382
R196,868
230,305
159,235
6,253
6,890
7,552
9,524
15,217
15,680
18,402
22,004
23,587
32,854
40,797
48,200
44,087
41,846
44,668
43,972
35,113
37,729
38,776
43,159
49,335
45,269
45,019
45,732
47,002
47,533
56,455
55,922
48,350
54,565
R78,209
R75,035
R69,285
R83,873
R105,772
R143,598
R164,399
R177,172
221,435
131,050
1,441
1,582
1,682
2,001
3,208
4,193
4,567
5,517
6,205
8,603
13,923
15,607
14,974
13,979
15,097
14,747
10,505
11,448
11,318
13,434
17,784
14,609
13,559
13,002
12,474
12,526
15,770
15,000
11,239
13,878
23,777
19,602
17,802
21,096
30,219
44,679
50,007
53,754
72,046
36,353
LPG 6
R2,395
R2,483
R2,834
R3,833
R5,200
R5,157
R5,917
R6,735
R6,543
R9,299
R10,823
R11,798
R12,820
R13,962
R14,037
R13,580
R12,711
R12,835
R12,771
R12,108
R13,631
R14,882
R14,096
R13,882
R16,243
R16,197
R21,086
R19,781
R15,241
R19,038
R27,970
R25,543
R22,980
R28,161
R34,408
R38,874
R45,355
R51,081
59,875
43,466
Motor
Gasoline 7
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other 8
Total
31,596
33,478
35,346
39,667
54,194
59,446
64,977
70,591
74,513
95,916
124,408
138,138
130,305
115,803
114,429
118,048
91,529
99,864
103,323
112,720
126,558
123,118
125,249
126,560
130,068
136,647
148,344
149,668
132,730
149,260
R192,153
R185,752
R179,796
R209,493
R254,873
R312,047
R357,286
R389,282
438,237
317,088
2,046
2,933
3,458
4,667
10,547
10,374
11,648
14,381
13,747
17,656
21,573
22,668
17,632
14,099
14,410
11,493
7,486
8,062
7,259
8,357
8,721
6,784
5,585
5,449
5,296
4,676
5,313
5,206
4,280
4,686
8,870
7,266
6,156
8,325
9,717
13,951
12,432
R14,129
17,984
11,310
4,172
4,449
4,777
5,318
8,284
8,493
9,925
11,790
13,348
18,785
26,049
28,571
22,447
21,573
22,812
22,088
17,647
17,687
16,779
17,060
19,255
R18,213
R18,345
R18,285
R18,687
R19,225
R21,144
R21,631
R19,835
R21,250
R26,496
R23,097
R24,167
R28,061
R35,212
R44,136
R52,986
R55,211
61,417
39,228
R47,904
Expenditures by all sectors, including the electric power sector.
Values derive from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM-145"
and "Monthly Report EM-545," and may differ slightly from those shown on Table 3.9, which derive from
Bureau of the Census, U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services, FT600 series.
5 Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel.
Beginning in 2005, includes
kerosene-type jet fuel only.
8 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum
coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
10 Includes electricity imports, which are not separately displayed. For 1981-1992, also includes fuel
ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline data for those years.
11 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American Industry
2
3
R51,816
R55,648
R65,009
R96,651
R103,343
R115,437
R131,017
R137,944
R183,113
R237,573
R264,983
R242,267
R221,261
R225,451
R223,929
R174,990
R187,625
R190,225
R206,838
R235,284
R222,875
R221,853
R222,910
R229,770
R236,803
R268,112
R267,208
R231,675
R262,676
R357,475
R336,294
R320,185
R379,010
R470,200
R597,285
R682,465
R740,628
870,993
578,496
Nuclear
Fuel
44
73
104
177
259
448
520
743
915
941
1,189
1,436
1,684
1,859
2,384
2,878
3,061
3,378
4,057
3,939
4,104
4,073
3,802
3,597
3,777
3,810
3,624
3,369
3,555
3,643
3,628
3,524
3,504
3,362
3,445
3,469
3,637
3,871
3,976
4,560
Biomass 9
438
446
476
502
544
534
622
694
782
964
1,232
1,429
1,510
1,517
1,608
1,597
1,352
1,300
1,378
2,270
1,997
2,165
2,194
2,193
2,521
2,938
2,668
2,425
2,477
2,659
3,194
3,494
4,005
3,599
3,692
5,896
R6,108
R6,404
6,926
5,083
Total 10
R63,872
R69,312
R74,893
R86,005
R125,269
R137,638
R155,927
R177,862
R191,118
R246,879
R314,176
R355,594
R341,288
R325,126
R337,300
R332,913
R268,609
R279,951
R286,870
R309,018
R336,379
R324,420
R327,195
R334,784
R343,593
R347,144
R390,437
R395,817
R350,464
R382,668
R514,398
R513,673
R468,877
R561,401
R674,543
R847,031
R925,627
R994,035
1,166,660
795,310
Electric
Power
Sector 11,12
-4,357
-5,491
-6,551
-7,952
-14,558
-16,545
-19,078
-23,715
-26,125
-31,472
-38,027
-44,274
-42,354
-42,566
-44,686
-43,970
-37,016
-38,182
-38,553
-40,829
-40,626
-38,752
-38,663
-40,317
-40,352
-39,073
-41,652
-42,947
-43,311
-44,689
-60,054
-64,672
-54,230
-64,685
-71,720
-95,975
-90,104
R-100,719
-118,545
-84,496
Retail
Electricity 13
23,345
26,202
29,712
33,774
42,586
50,680
56,972
66,225
74,159
82,051
98,095
116,455
127,393
134,731
142,420
149,233
151,793
154,685
162,063
169,332
176,691
184,767
186,906
196,532
200,831
205,876
211,105
213,843
218,361
218,413
231,577
245,483
247,598
R257,992
R268,133
R295,787
R323,962
R340,925
360,570
350,438
Total
Energy 10,14
R82,860
R90,023
R98,054
R111,827
R153,297
R171,773
R193,821
R220,372
R239,152
R297,459
R374,244
R427,775
R426,328
R417,291
R435,034
R438,176
R383,386
R396,454
R410,380
R437,521
R472,444
R470,435
R475,438
R490,999
R504,073
R513,947
R559,890
R566,714
R525,515
R556,392
R685,922
R694,484
R662,246
R754,708
R870,956
R1,046,843
R1,159,485
R1,234,240
1,408,685
1,061,252
Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and
12 Expenditures by the electric power sector for coal, natural gas, petroleum, nuclear fuel, wood, waste,
and electricity imports. Values are negative so the columns will sum to the "Total Energy" column.
13 Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in
1996, other energy service providers.
14 Expenditures for primary energy and retail electricity by the four end-use sectors (residential,
commercial, industrial, and transportation); excludes expenditures for energy by the electric power sector.
R=Revised.
Notes: Expenditures include taxes where data are available. There are no direct fuel costs for
hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. Totals may not equal the sum of components due to
(June 2011), U.S. Table ET1.
77
Figure 3.6
Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2009
By Sector
Residential Sector by Major Source
500
200
461
157
400
300
241
200
184
175
Billion Dollars
Billion Dollars
150
100
58
50
100
24
0
Transportation
Residential
Industrial
Commercial
Retail Electricity
Natural Gas
Petroleum
Industrial Sector by Major Source4
Commercial Sector by Major Source
100
150
133
81
125
Billion Dollars
Billion Dollars
75
100
75
50
60
50
36
25
31
25
11
0
Retail
Electricity
1
Natural
Gas
Petroleum
Expenditures for coal and wood and wood-derived fuels are not displayed.
Expenditures for coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste are not displayed.
4
Expenditures for imports and exports of coal coke are not displayed.
5
2
3
78
0
Petroleum
Retail
Electricity
Natural
Gas
Coal
Biomass5
Notes: Petroleum accounts for nearly all transportation sector expenditures. There are no
direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. Totals may not equal
the sum of components due to independent rounding.
Source: Table 3.6.
Table 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2009
(Million Dollars 1)
Residential
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
Natural
Gas 2
5,272
5,702
6,223
6,282
6,949
8,410
9,992
11,324
12,565
14,772
17,497
19,502
23,987
26,564
27,873
27,136
25,147
23,926
25,332
26,951
25,439
26,508
27,599
30,533
31,028
29,362
33,219
34,590
30,875
31,577
38,959
46,189
38,490
48,278
52,265
61,196
59,834
R61,598
67,851
57,839
Retail
Petroleum Electricity 3
R4,186
R4,367
R4,623
R5,801
R7,235
R7,422
R8,679
R9,668
R9,728
R11,067
R12,451
R13,127
R12,262
R11,165
R12,758
R12,570
R10,301
R10,525
R10,873
R12,364
R11,907
R11,469
R10,820
R10,758
R10,656
R10,289
R12,796
R12,239
R9,852
R11,397
R17,283
R17,169
R14,549
R18,010
R20,264
R24,320
R23,531
R26,468
32,071
24,425
10,352
11,589
13,034
14,712
17,924
20,644
22,621
26,132
29,069
31,683
38,458
44,780
50,045
53,918
55,777
58,672
60,776
63,318
66,793
69,243
72,378
76,828
76,848
82,814
84,552
87,610
90,503
90,704
93,360
93,482
98,209
103,158
106,834
111,249
115,577
128,393
140,582
148,295
155,433
157,008
Commercial
Total 4
R20,112
R21,934
R24,095
R26,981
R32,405
R36,771
R41,607
R47,490
R51,752
R58,058
R69,174
R78,363
R87,354
R92,627
R97,496
R99,448
R97,040
R98,501
R103,772
R109,395
R110,696
R115,765
R116,187
R124,908
R126,962
R127,961
R137,340
R138,201
R134,602
R137,012
R155,319
R167,241
R160,542
R178,374
R189,080
R215,186
R225,277
R237,970
257,448
240,768
Natural
Gas 2
1,844
2,060
2,289
2,421
2,741
3,385
4,379
5,094
5,812
7,623
8,858
10,085
12,565
13,602
14,012
13,368
11,770
11,601
12,377
12,908
12,681
13,175
13,685
14,967
15,927
15,383
17,106
18,755
16,667
16,351
21,339
25,879
20,926
26,411
29,518
33,838
33,736
R34,005
38,476
31,012
Retail
Petroleum 5 Electricity 3
R1,440
R1,574
R1,653
R1,936
R3,290
R3,219
R3,739
R4,411
R4,350
R5,659
R7,409
R7,794
R6,865
R7,592
R7,948
R6,996
R5,166
R5,377
R4,950
R5,293
R5,986
R5,224
R4,796
R4,209
R4,162
R3,956
R4,879
R4,531
R3,575
R3,931
R6,674
R6,225
R5,187
R7,137
R8,233
R10,331
R10,563
R11,410
14,996
10,587
7,319
8,301
9,443
10,707
13,373
16,157
18,148
21,023
23,166
25,433
30,611
37,484
41,759
43,529
47,304
50,092
51,449
51,900
54,411
57,460
60,627
63,407
64,233
67,626
69,637
72,481
74,121
77,153
78,999
79,141
85,129
93,402
93,763
96,263
100,546
110,522
122,914
128,903
138,469
132,940
Industrial
Total 6,7
R10,678
R12,021
R13,464
R15,149
R19,579
R22,956
R26,447
R30,725
R33,563
R38,944
R47,074
R55,629
R61,503
R65,028
R69,593
R70,725
R68,637
R69,098
R71,969
R75,911
R79,605
R82,098
R83,007
R87,095
R90,010
R92,106
R96,414
R100,758
R99,492
R99,681
R113,423
R125,790
R120,164
R130,132
R138,694
R155,164
R167,628
R174,797
192,541
175,027
3 Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in
4 Includes coal and wood and wood-derived fuels, which are not separately displayed.
6 Includes coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste, which are not separately displayed.
Through 2000, also includes non-biomass waste.
7 For 1981-1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the petroleum
data for those years.
2
Coal
Natural
Gas 2
2,082
1,971
2,212
2,527
4,704
5,498
5,448
5,360
5,722
6,247
5,888
6,441
5,301
4,735
5,420
5,252
4,745
4,448
4,744
4,650
4,636
4,332
4,245
4,060
4,060
4,068
3,943
3,887
3,566
3,457
3,507
3,572
3,526
3,552
4,064
5,004
5,405
R5,439
6,290
5,388
2,625
3,019
3,335
3,936
4,971
5,844
7,484
8,958
10,114
12,110
16,350
20,432
20,504
21,461
23,763
21,615
16,479
15,909
17,257
18,770
19,348
18,912
20,553
22,367
22,556
21,487
26,167
28,411
24,515
24,079
34,624
38,597
31,031
41,168
47,322
55,247
52,363
R51,037
61,743
36,381
Transportation
Retail
Petroleum 5 Biomass 8 Electricity 3
6,069
6,663
7,180
8,600
15,408
15,544
18,384
22,190
23,203
33,705
42,765
47,171
41,841
38,437
41,470
38,876
30,567
31,092
29,123
28,561
34,132
R32,494
R32,208
R31,518
R33,612
R34,177
R40,853
R39,886
R32,143
R36,966
R52,066
R47,173
R45,685
R54,228
R71,052
R88,285
R106,621
R113,491
131,958
80,583
366
374
404
425
421
386
443
464
511
512
529
558
540
610
622
619
639
636
662
1,323
906
1,034
1,079
1,146
1,279
1,699
1,432
1,435
1,600
1,786
1,888
2,216
2,592
1,935
1,919
3,451
R3,483
R3,155
3,375
2,277
5,624
6,256
7,173
8,284
11,184
13,760
16,083
18,956
21,798
24,797
28,863
34,007
35,364
37,017
39,050
40,190
39,271
39,109
40,507
42,255
43,358
44,201
45,474
45,726
46,257
45,402
46,102
45,610
45,634
45,429
47,859
48,519
46,606
49,962
51,491
56,229
59,764
62,934
65,840
59,662
Total 7,9
16,691
18,244
20,278
23,779
36,837
41,113
47,887
55,996
61,710
77,630
94,316
108,581
103,503
102,220
110,309
106,528
91,669
R91,210
92,418
95,705
102,411
R101,028
R103,699
R104,913
R107,978
R107,067
R118,654
R119,400
R107,647
R111,857
R140,090
R140,158
R129,620
R151,015
R176,973
R208,849
R228,144
R236,403
270,673
184,248
Petroleum 5
35,327
37,766
40,154
45,846
64,368
70,813
77,759
86,047
92,003
122,688
163,517
184,946
173,553
156,841
156,979
160,745
125,353
136,807
141,382
155,591
178,852
170,589
171,482
173,704
178,724
186,411
207,078
207,940
183,368
207,433
R276,642
R260,785
R251,441
R294,544
R365,526
R466,785
R537,500
R584,045
686,871
460,114
Total 7,10
35,379
37,824
40,218
45,918
64,476
70,933
77,880
86,160
92,128
122,826
163,680
R185,203
R173,968
R157,417
R157,636
R161,475
R126,039
R137,644
R142,221
R156,510
R179,732
R171,544
R172,544
174,082
179,123
186,813
207,483
208,353
183,775
207,843
R277,090
R261,295
R251,919
R295,188
R366,208
R467,644
R538,436
R585,070
688,024
461,209

9 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed.
10 Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which are not separately displayed.
R=Revised.
Notes: Expenditures include taxes where data are available. There are no direct fuel costs for
hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. Totals may not equal the sum of components due to
(June 2011), U.S. Tables ET3-ET6.
79
Figure 3.7
Value of Fossil Fuel Imports
Total, 1949-2010
By Fuel, 1949-2010
350
400
300
300
200
250
100
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
By Fuel, 2010
300
260
250
200
500
200
150
Crude Oil
100
150
100
50
73
Petroleum
Products
50
17
Crude
Oil
Petroleum
Products
Natural
Gas
Coal and
Coal Coke
1
2
80
Other
1950
1960
Natural gas, coal, and coal coke.

Source: Table 3.7.
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Table 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010

(Billion Dollars)
Coal
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1
Nominal
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.02
.02
.04
.07
.05
.03
.03
.02
.04
.05
.07
.08
.06
.06
.10
.09
.11
.13
.25
.27
.32
.27
.26
.28
.28
.38
.67
.60
.79
1.02
1.42
1.78
1.73
2.05
1.45
P1.39
Coal Coke
Real
0.02
.02
.02
.01
.01
(s)
.06
.05
.10
.18
.12
.06
.06
.04
.07
.08
.11
.13
.09
.10
.14
.13
.15
.17
.32
.34
.40
.33
.30
.33
.32
.42
.74
.65
.84
1.06
1.42
1.72
1.63
R1.88
1.32
P1.26
Nominal
(s)
.01
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.16
.11
.13
.41
.34
.05
.04
.01
(s)
.05
.04
.03
.05
.19
.22
.07
.09
.14
.17
.27
.33
.24
.25
.29
.23
.25
.19
.24
.24
1.23
.78
.64
.48
1.68
.09
P.40
Crude Oil 1
Natural Gas
Real
0.03
.04
.01
.01
.01
.01
.47
.31
.35
1.01
.78
.11
.08
.02
(s)
.08
.07
.04
.08
.29
.31
.10
.12
.19
.21
.34
.40
.29
.30
.34
.26
.28
.21
.27
.25
1.27
.78
.62
.45
1.54
.08
P.36
Nominal
0.00
.00
(s)
.03
.11
.26
1.15
1.66
2.00
2.06
3.13
4.21
4.41
4.69
4.39
3.44
3.05
1.82
1.93
2.38
2.51
2.97
3.24
3.96
4.77
4.90
4.23
5.79
6.50
6.21
8.03
14.94
17.62
12.61
20.39
24.74
35.25
28.80
31.65
R34.66
R15.72
E16.89
Real
0.00
.00
.01
.15
.53
1.06
3.43
4.68
5.30
5.10
7.14
8.82
8.45
8.47
7.62
5.75
4.95
2.90
2.98
3.55
3.60
4.12
4.33
5.17
6.10
6.14
5.19
6.97
7.68
7.26
9.26
16.85
19.44
13.69
21.67
25.57
35.25
27.89
R29.78
R31.91
R14.34
E15.26
Beginning in 1977, includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

2 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral
fuels.
3 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
4 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table
5 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the
commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion.
Notes: Includes value of imports into Puerto Rico from foreign countries; excludes receipts into the 50
States and the District of Columbia from the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division, unpublished data.
Nominal
0.30
.37
.65
.90
1.12
1.26
18.29
25.46
33.59
32.30
46.06
61.90
61.46
45.72
36.49
36.44
32.90
22.61
29.13
27.55
35.53
43.78
36.90
38.55
38.47
38.48
42.81
54.93
54.23
37.25
50.89
89.88
74.29
79.25
101.80
136.03
182.94
225.16
245.77
353.54
R194.60
P260.13
Real
2.10
2.52
3.95
4.81
5.62
5.18
54.50
71.73
88.98
79.95
105.25
129.63
117.68
82.52
63.35
60.98
53.43
35.92
44.98
41.12
51.11
60.64
49.36
50.37
49.18
48.18
52.51
66.11
64.13
43.56
58.65
101.39
81.96
86.03
108.18
140.57
182.94
218.05
R231.21
R325.48
R177.53
P235.07
Petroleum Products 2
4
Nominal
0.14
.21
.44
.73
.92
1.48
6.77
6.65
8.42
7.30
10.45
12.54
14.30
13.86
14.84
17.87
17.47
12.18
12.37
12.43
13.50
16.90
13.17
11.98
11.74
11.14
9.95
15.27
516.93
13.01
16.28
29.38
28.45
23.52
30.64
43.24
67.12
74.56
81.85
96.31
57.23
P73.23
Real
0.95
1.47
2.66
3.93
4.64
6.10
20.17
18.74
22.30
18.08
23.88
26.26
27.38
25.02
25.76
29.89
28.37
19.35
19.09
18.56
19.42
23.41
17.62
15.66
15.01
13.95
12.20
18.38
520.02
15.22
18.77
33.14
31.39
25.53
32.56
44.68
67.12
72.21
R77.00
R88.67
R52.21
P66.17
Total
Nominal
0.45
.59
1.10
1.66
2.15
3.00
26.39
33.90
44.18
42.15
60.03
78.74
80.24
64.31
55.77
57.84
53.53
36.72
43.54
42.62
51.85
63.83
53.51
54.77
55.40
55.07
57.64
76.51
78.16
57.05
75.71
134.81
121.23
116.22
153.85
206.26
287.52
330.93
361.48
R488.23
R269.09
P352.04
Real 4
3.09
4.04
6.64
8.92
10.80
12.35
78.62
95.51
117.03
104.32
137.17
164.89
153.64
116.06
96.81
96.78
86.93
58.34
67.22
63.62
74.58
88.40
71.58
71.56
70.82
68.95
70.69
92.08
92.43
66.71
87.26
152.08
133.73
126.17
163.49
213.15
287.52
320.49
R340.07
R449.49
R245.49
P318.13
Natural Gas: 1949-1962Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption,
FT110. 1963Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, FT125.
1964-1971Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports for Consumption and General Imports, FT246. 1972
and 1973Federal Power Commission (FPC), Pipeline Imports and Exports of Natural Gas - Imports and
Exports of LNG. 1974-1977FPC, United States Imports and Exports of Natural Gas, annual reports.
1978-1981U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Imports and Exports of Natural Gas,
annual reports.
1982-2008EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), monthly reports.

2009EIA, NGM (April 2011), Table 4. 2010EIA estimate based on volume and revenue data from
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy.
Crude Oil and Petroleum Products:
1949-1962Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, FT110.
1963Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, FT125.

1964-1988Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports for Consumption, FT135. 1989 forwardBureau of
the Census, Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Merchandise Trade, FT900, "Exhibit 15. Exports and Imports of
Goods by Principal SITC Commodity Groupings," December issues.
81
Figure 3.8
Value of Fossil Fuel Exports
Total, 1949-2010
By Fuel, 1949-2010
80
60
60
50
50
40
Petroleum
Products
30
20
40
10
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
By Fuel, 2010
70
63
60
70
30
20
50
40
30
Coal
10
20
10
10
6
2
Other3
0
Petroleum
Products
Coal
Natural
Gas
Crude Oil
and
Coal Coke
1
2
82
0
1950
1960
1970
Natural gas, crude oil, and coal coke.

Source: Table 3.8.
1980
1990
2000
2010
Table 3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2010

(Billion Dollars)
Coal
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Nominal
0.30
.27
.48
.35
.48
.96
3.26
2.91
2.66
2.05
3.40
4.63
5.92
5.99
4.06
4.13
4.47
3.93
3.40
4.01
4.29
4.51
4.62
4.24
3.09
2.85
3.57
3.69
3.39
3.04
2.13
2.04
1.80
1.60
1.55
2.60
3.35
3.52
4.16
7.96
5.99
P9.84
Coal Coke
Real
2.05
1.84
2.92
1.90
2.39
3.95
9.71
8.20
7.03
5.07
7.76
9.69
11.33
10.81
7.04
6.91
7.25
6.24
5.26
5.99
6.17
6.25
6.18
5.54
3.95
3.57
4.37
4.44
4.01
3.55
2.46
2.30
1.98
1.74
1.64
2.68
3.35
3.41
3.91
R7.33
R5.47
P8.89
Nominal
0.01
.01
.01
.01
.02
.08
.07
.07
.07
.05
.08
.13
.07
.06
.05
.07
.08
.07
.05
.08
.08
.05
.05
.04
.06
.04
.05
.06
.05
.04
.03
.05
.11
.06
.07
.11
.15
.13
.13
.21
.14
P.24
Natural Gas
Real
0.06
.04
.05
.04
.08
.32
.22
.19
.19
.12
.18
.27
.14
.11
.08
.12
.12
.10
.07
.12
.12
.07
.07
.06
.08
.05
.06
.07
.06
.05
.03
.06
.12
.07
.07
.11
.15
.12
.12
.19
.12
P.22
Nominal
(s)
(s)
.01
(s)
.01
.03
.09
.10
.11
.11
.13
.23
.35
.30
.28
.27
.26
.17
.17
.20
.27
.27
.33
.49
.36
.40
.37
.46
.47
.39
.43
1.00
1.56
1.76
3.77
5.20
5.53
4.94
5.69
R8.26
R4.79
E5.70
Real
Crude Oil
3
0.01
.02
.04
.02
.04
.12
.27
.28
.28
.28
.29
.48
.67
.54
.48
.45
.43
.27
.26
.30
.39
.37
.45
.64
.46
.51
.45
.55
.56
.46
.49
1.13
1.73
1.91
4.00
5.38
5.53
4.79
R5.35
R7.61
R4.37
E5.15
fuels.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion.
Notes: Includes value of exports from Puerto Rico to foreign countries; excludes shipments from the
50 States and the District of Columbia to the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Totals may not equal sum
of components due to independent rounding.
Nominal
0.10
.10
.04
.01
(s)
.02
(s)
.03
.21
.39
.39
.75
.58
.47
.22
.19
.23
.12
.13
.08
.21
.14
.03
.03
.02
.05
.01
.56
1.04
.90
.77
.46
.19
.09
.16
.28
.60
.85
1.02
2.27
1.62
P1.38
Real
0.68
.70
.23
.04
.02
.08
(s)
.08
.55
.96
.90
1.57
1.10
.85
.39
.31
.37
.19
.19
.12
.30
.19
.04
.04
.03
.06
.01
.67
1.23
1.05
.89
.52
.21
.10
.17
.29
.60
.83
R.95
2.09
1.48
P1.25
Nominal
0.46
.39
.60
.47
.44
.50
1.01
1.07
1.14
1.23
1.58
2.12
3.24
5.86
4.88
4.62
4.90
3.77
3.80
2.72
2.65
4.23
4.65
4.27
4.15
3.36
3.56
4.25
47.55
5.68
6.35
9.73
8.68
8.65
10.05
12.85
18.56
27.32
32.28
59.43
R42.89
P63.16
Real
3.19
2.69
3.61
2.51
2.21
2.06
3.00
3.01
3.01
3.05
3.62
4.44
6.20
10.58
8.47
7.72
7.95
5.98
5.86
4.07
3.82
5.86
6.22
5.58
5.30
4.21
4.37
5.12
48.93
6.64
7.31
10.97
9.58
9.39
10.68
13.28
18.56
26.46
R30.37
R54.71
R39.13
P57.07
Total
Nominal
0.87
.78
1.14
.84
.95
1.59
4.43
4.17
4.18
3.83
5.58
7.86
10.16
12.68
9.48
9.27
9.93
8.05
7.54
7.09
7.49
9.20
9.69
9.07
7.68
6.71
7.55
9.02
12.51
10.04
9.71
13.28
12.34
12.17
15.59
21.04
28.18
36.77
43.27
R78.13
R55.43
P80.33
Real 3
5.99
5.30
6.86
4.51
4.74
6.54
13.20
11.76
11.08
9.49
12.76
16.46
19.45
22.89
16.46
15.51
16.12
12.79
11.64
10.59
10.78
12.74
12.96
11.85
9.81
8.40
9.26
10.85
14.79
11.75
11.19
14.98
13.61
13.21
16.57
21.74
28.18
35.61
R40.71
R71.93
R50.57
P72.59
Sources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division, unpublished data.
Natural Gas: 1949-1971Bureau of the Census, U.S. Exports, FT410. 1972 and 1973Federal
Power Commission (FPC), Pipeline Imports and Exports of Natural Gas - Imports and Exports of LNG.
1974-1977FPC, United States Imports and Exports of Natural Gas, annual reports.
1978-1981U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Imports and Exports of Natural Gas,
annual reports. 1982-2008EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), monthly reports. 2009EIA, NGM
(April 2011), Table 4. 2010EIA estimate based on volume and revenue data from U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Fossil Energy. Crude Oil and Petroleum Products: 1949-1988Bureau of the
Census, U.S. Exports, FT410. 1989 forwardBureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division, U.S.
Merchandise Trade, FT900, "Exhibit 15. Exports and Imports of Goods by Principal SITC Commodity
Groupings," December issues.
83
Figure 3.9
Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2010
Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports

400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2000
2005
2010
Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports by Fuel

400
350
300
250
200
150
Crude Oil and
Petroleum Products
100
50
Natural Gas
Coal
-50
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1
In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators
in Table D1. See Chained Dollars in Glossary.
2
Includes small amounts of coal coke.
84
1980
1985
1990
1995
Note: Negative net imports indicate that the value of exports is greater than the value of
imports.
Source: Table 3.9.
Table 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Billion Dollars)
Coal
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Nominal 2
-0.29
-.27
-.48
-.35
-.48
-.96
-3.24
-2.89
-2.62
-1.98
-3.35
-4.60
-5.89
-5.97
-4.01
-4.09
-4.39
-3.85
-3.35
-3.95
-4.19
-4.42
-4.51
-4.11
-2.83
-2.58
-3.24
-3.41
-3.13
-2.75
-1.85
-1.66
-1.13
-1.00
-.76
-1.57
-1.93
-1.74
-2.42
-5.92
-4.55
P-8.45
Coal Coke
Real 3
-2.04
-1.82
-2.91
-1.89
-2.39
-3.95
-9.64
-8.15
-6.93
-4.89
-7.65
-9.63
-11.27
-10.77
-6.97
-6.84
-7.14
-6.12
-5.17
-5.89
-6.03
-6.12
-6.03
-5.37
-3.62
-3.23
-3.98
-4.11
-3.70
-3.22
-2.14
-1.88
-1.24
-1.09
-.81
-1.63
-1.93
-1.69
-2.28
-5.45
R-4.15
P-7.64
Natural Gas
Nominal 2
Real 3
Nominal 2
(s)
(s)
-.01
-.01
-.01
-.08
.08
.04
.06
.36
.26
-.08
-.03
-.05
-.04
-.02
-.03
-.04
.01
.12
.14
.02
.04
.10
.11
.23
.27
.18
.20
.25
.20
.20
.08
.18
.17
1.12
.63
.51
.35
1.47
-.04
P.16
-0.03
-.01
-.04
-.03
-.07
-.31
.24
.12
.16
.89
.59
-.16
-.06
-.09
-.08
-.04
-.06
-.06
.01
.17
.20
.03
.06
.13
.14
.29
.34
.22
.23
.29
.23
.23
.09
.20
.18
1.16
.63
.49
.33
1.35
-.04
P.14
(s)
(s)
-.01
.02
.10
.23
1.06
1.56
1.89
1.95
3.00
3.98
4.06
4.39
4.11
3.17
2.79
1.65
1.76
2.18
2.24
2.71
2.90
3.47
4.41
4.50
3.86
5.33
6.02
5.82
7.61
13.94
16.05
10.85
16.62
19.54
29.72
23.86
25.96
R26.40
R10.92
E11.19
Real 3
-0.01
-.02
-.03
.13
.49
.94
3.16
4.39
5.02
4.82
6.85
8.34
7.78
7.93
7.13
5.30
4.52
2.62
2.72
3.25
3.22
3.75
3.88
4.54
5.64
5.63
4.73
6.42
7.12
6.81
8.76
15.72
17.71
11.78
17.66
20.19
29.72
23.10
R24.42
R24.30
R9.97
E10.11
fuels.
Crude Oil
Nominal 2
0.21
.27
.62
.89
1.11
1.24
18.29
25.43
33.38
31.91
45.66
61.15
60.88
45.25
36.27
36.26
32.68
22.49
29.00
27.47
35.32
43.65
36.87
38.52
38.45
38.43
42.81
54.37
53.19
36.36
50.12
89.41
74.11
79.16
101.64
135.75
182.35
224.30
244.76
351.27
R192.99
P258.74
Real 3
1.42
1.82
3.71
4.77
5.60
5.11
54.50
71.65
88.43
78.98
104.35
128.06
116.57
81.67
62.96
60.67
53.07
35.74
44.78
41.01
50.81
60.45
49.32
50.33
49.15
48.12
52.50
65.44
62.90
42.52
57.76
100.86
81.75
85.93
108.01
140.28
182.35
217.23
R230.26
R323.39
R176.06
P233.82
Nominal 2
-0.32
-.18
-.16
.26
.48
.98
5.76
5.58
7.28
6.07
8.87
10.42
11.06
8.00
9.96
13.25
12.57
8.42
8.57
9.71
10.85
12.67
8.52
7.72
7.59
7.78
6.39
11.01
49.37
7.33
9.94
19.65
19.77
14.87
20.59
30.38
48.56
47.24
49.57
36.89
R14.34
P10.07
Real 3
-2.24
-1.23
-.95
1.42
2.43
4.03
17.17
15.73
19.28
15.03
20.26
21.82
21.18
14.44
17.30
22.17
20.41
13.37
13.23
14.49
15.60
17.55
11.39
10.08
9.70
9.74
7.83
13.26
411.09
8.58
11.45
22.16
21.81
16.14
21.88
31.40
48.56
45.75
R46.63
R33.96
R13.08
P9.10
Total
Nominal 2
-0.42
-.18
-.04
.82
1.21
1.41
21.96
29.72
40.00
38.31
54.44
70.88
70.09
51.63
46.28
48.57
43.60
28.67
36.00
35.53
44.35
54.63
43.82
45.70
47.72
48.37
50.09
67.49
65.65
47.00
66.00
121.53
108.89
104.06
138.26
185.23
259.34
294.17
318.21
R410.10
R213.66
P271.71
Real 3
-2.89
-1.26
-.22
4.40
6.06
5.81
65.42
83.75
105.95
94.83
124.41
148.43
134.20
93.17
80.35
81.26
70.81
45.55
55.58
53.03
63.80
75.66
58.62
59.71
61.01
60.55
61.43
81.22
77.64
54.97
76.07
137.10
120.12
112.96
146.92
191.41
259.34
284.89
R299.36
R377.56
R194.92
P245.54
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion and greater than -0.005 billion.
Notes: Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates that the value of exports is
greater than the value of imports. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. Data on this table may not equal data on Table 3.7 minus data on Table 3.8 due to
85
Figure 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies Domestic Production and Refining
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Production
by Major Energy Companies, 1974-2009
Dry Natural Gas Production

15
400
12
300
Million Short Tons
6
Trillion Cubic Feet
Million Barrels per Day
Coal Production
100
200
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Major Energy Companies Shares of U.S. Total Production,

1974-2009
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Major Energy Companies Shares of U.S. Refining Capacity and Output,

1974-2009
70
100
Capacity
60
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids

Output
75
Dry Natural Gas
40
Uranium
Percent
Percent
50
Coal
30
20
50
Note: Expanded coverage of refining

in 1998 Financial Reporting System.
25
10
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Note: Major U.S. Energy Companies are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and
natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS).
See http://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html.
86
2005
1975
1980
1985
Source: Table 3.10.
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2009
Production
Crude Oil and
Natural Gas Liquids 1
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Million Barrels
per Day
5.9
5.6
5.4
5.5
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.5
5.2
5.0
5.0
4.8
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.8
3.1
Refining
Dry Natural Gas 1
Coal 2
Capacity 3
Uranium
Output 4
Percent of
U.S. Total
Trillion
Cubic Feet
Percent of
U.S. Total
Million
Short Tons
Percent of
U.S. Total
Million
Pounds 5
Percent of
U.S. Total 6
Million Barrels
per Day
Percent of
U.S. Total 7
Million Barrels
per Day
Percent of
U.S. Total 7
56.0
56.1
55.7
55.3
56.8
56.3
56.1
55.8
55.9
55.1
54.3
54.9
56.0
57.0
56.2
57.2
55.8
54.9
53.9
52.1
52.1
51.7
50.5
48.3
47.5
46.3
44.8
48.7
48.4
47.3
45.7
44.5
43.1
41.6
41.1
42.5
11.6
11.0
10.6
10.3
10.1
9.9
9.3
9.2
8.3
7.4
7.9
7.3
7.1
7.2
7.7
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.9
7.7
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.0
8.3
8.8
8.7
8.3
8.2
7.8
7.9
8.4
8.7
9.0
56.1
57.4
55.6
53.6
52.7
50.3
47.7
47.8
46.7
45.8
45.5
44.6
44.5
43.4
45.1
43.2
42.6
42.4
44.2
42.3
42.5
43.3
43.4
43.9
44.1
42.4
43.5
45.1
46.0
43.7
44.0
43.1
42.8
43.4
R43.4
44.0
87.4
88.1
89.0
89.1
85.5
123.3
142.3
154.8
195.2
185.2
226.0
230.4
227.6
255.3
285.3
286.9
282.0
289.6
251.9
197.3
179.7
165.4
169.4
163.3
73.9
44.0
34.6
31.3
27.8
16.8
18.1
18.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
14.3
13.5
13.0
12.8
12.8
15.8
17.2
18.8
23.3
23.7
25.2
26.1
25.6
27.8
30.0
29.3
27.4
29.1
25.3
20.9
17.4
16.0
15.9
15.0
6.6
4.0
3.2
2.8
2.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.3
3.3
16.0
17.3
16.7
19.0
14.5
9.2
6.6
4.1
2.1
1.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
NA
18.6
13.0
53.4
46.8
44.7
43.5
37.7
34.2
31.4
27.8
18.9
12.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
13.3
13.4
14.2
14.6
14.8
14.4
15.1
14.6
13.6
13.0
12.8
12.6
12.5
12.5
12.3
11.5
11.4
11.2
11.0
10.7
10.6
10.4
10.5
9.4
814.3
14.2
14.4
15.2
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.7
14.1
14.9
15.2
88.8
88.2
86.7
85.6
84.7
79.9
81.0
81.4
80.9
80.6
81.6
81.6
80.5
78.3
78.4
73.8
72.5
71.4
72.4
71.3
69.0
68.0
67.8
59.9
887.8
85.7
86.9
90.3
84.7
84.5
84.1
83.8
84.0
80.1
84.2
86.2
11.8
12.0
12.6
13.5
13.5
13.2
12.2
11.2
10.6
10.3
10.9
10.8
11.4
11.7
12.0
11.4
11.3
11.1
11.0
10.8
10.8
10.7
11.0
10.0
814.9
14.5
14.4
14.9
14.7
14.6
15.1
15.0
14.7
14.2
14.5
14.7
87.6
87.4
86.2
85.0
84.5
83.9
83.3
80.3
79.0
78.7
80.0
78.9
78.5
79.7
79.9
75.2
74.0
72.9
71.4
68.6
68.5
66.6
67.1
59.9
887.7
85.6
83.6
86.4
85.0
83.4
84.7
84.5
81.9
78.7
80.0
82.1
1 Production is on a net ownership basis. "Net ownership" is all reserve quantities owned, regardless of
type of ownership (e.g., working interest or royalty).
2 Bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite.
3 Operable capacity as of January 1 of the following year.
4 Includes refinery output at own refineries for own account and at others refineries for own account.
5 Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.
6 Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary.
7 The Financial Reporting System (FRS) data include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands; U.S. Totals do
not include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
8 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the expanded coverage of
the FRS.
R=Revised. NA=Not available.
Note:
"Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude
oil and natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the FRS.
See
http://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/finance/.
Sources: Production and Refining: 1974-1976U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, November 1998.
1977 forwardEIA,
Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual reports. Percent of U.S. Total: Tables 5.1, 5.8,
5.9, 6.1, 7.1, and 9.3.
87
Figure 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies Net Income

Total, 1974-2009
Petroleum by Location, 1977-2009
150
70
50
100
Billion Dollars
Billion Dollars
60
50
United States
40
30
Foreign
20
10
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
U.S. Petroleum, 1977-2009
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Foreign Petroleum, 1977-2009
50
60
40
Crude Oil and
Natural Gas
Production
30
Rate
Regulated
Pipelines
20
Billion Dollars
Billion Dollars
50
10
Crude Oil and

Natural Gas
Production
40
30
Refining
and
Marketing
20
10
0
Refining and Marketing
-10
1980
1
2
1985
1990
1995
2000
Beginning in 2003, includes International Marine.
88
2005
0
-5
International Marine
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Source: Table 3.11.
Table 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies Net Income, 1974-2009

(Billion Dollars1)
Petroleum 2
United States
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
Foreign
Crude Oil and

Natural Gas
Production
Refining
and
Marketing
Rate
Regulated
Pipelines
NA
NA
NA
6.4
6.7
9.4
13.8
16.8
14.1
12.2
13.3
12.1
.9
4.7
3.2
3.1
8.7
5.1
5.6
4.8
4.8
3.7
11.8
11.6
.5
7.4
21.9
17.6
15.0
222.6
30.1
40.5
41.8
40.1
32.3
10.6
NA
NA
NA
1.5
1.6
2.3
2.5
1.3
1.9
1.6
.1
2.3
1.6
1.1
5.4
4.5
2.2
.9
-.2
1.7
1.8
.5
2.3
3.1
5.9
4.9
7.7
12.0
-1.4
27.4
R15.0
R20.7
R24.0
R22.0
R3.0
-9.4
NA
NA
NA
.8
1.2
1.7
1.7
1.8
2.3
2.0
2.5
2.3
2.6
2.6
2.0
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.1
1.6
1.8
2.2
1.6
1.3
1.4
2.4
2.3
3.3
1.7
2.8
.4
.5
.2
.3
.2
.5
Total
Crude Oil and

Natural Gas
Production
Refining
and
Marketing
International
Marine
Total
NA
NA
NA
8.6
9.5
13.4
17.9
19.9
18.3
15.9
15.8
16.7
5.2
8.4
10.6
9.5
12.9
7.9
7.5
8.1
8.5
6.4
15.7
16.0
7.8
14.8
31.8
32.9
15.4
230.9
R45.5
R61.7
R66.0
R62.3
R35.6
1.7
NA
NA
NA
3.6
3.5
5.2
6.9
8.0
6.1
7.2
7.5
8.0
4.7
5.4
4.3
4.7
7.4
5.4
4.7
5.2
4.0
5.9
9.2
9.6
2.0
8.2
18.5
14.6
12.9
221.3
28.6
48.7
51.4
47.0
39.8
31.0
NA
NA
NA
.7
1.8
4.3
4.3
1.6
.8
1.3
.7
.5
2.9
1.0
2.4
1.8
2.8
4.1
2.2
3.2
2.0
2.4
2.0
3.6
2.9
1.9
2.9
3.1
-.4
2,82.9
8,R6.9
87.8
87.5
8,R9.1
811.1
82.6
NA
NA
NA
.1
-.1
.1
.1
-.1
-.3
-.5
-.4
-.4
.1
-.1
.1
.2
.2
.3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.1
(s)
(s)
.2
(s)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
NA
NA
NA
4.4
5.2
9.7
11.2
9.6
6.7
8.2
7.8
8.1
7.7
6.4
6.9
6.7
10.5
9.8
6.9
8.4
5.9
8.3
11.2
13.3
5.1
10.1
21.4
17.8
12.5
224.3
35.5
56.5
58.9
56.2
R50.8
33.6
Through 2002, natural gas operations are included in the "Petroleum" line of business. Beginning in
2003, downstream natural gas operations are included in their own line of business.
3 "Downstream Natural Gas" is a line of business that begins with the procurement of natural gas,
processes and gathers natural gas, produces natural gas liquids, imports liquefied natural gas, markets
and trades natural gas and natural gas liquids, and delivers wholesale and retail volumes of natural gas
and natural gas liquids.
4 Through 2002, includes electric power, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy
(including oil shale, tar sands, coal liquefaction and gasification, geothermal, and solar). Beginning in
2003, includes coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.
5 Total is sum of components shown, minus eliminations and nontraceables (see Notes).
6 Included in "Petroleum."
7 Included in "Other Energy."
8 "International Marine" is included with "Foreign Refining and Marketing" to prevent disclosure.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion and greater than -0.05 billion.
2
Total
Petroleum
NA
NA
NA
13.0
14.7
23.0
29.1
29.5
25.0
24.0
23.6
24.8
12.9
14.8
17.5
16.2
23.4
17.7
14.4
16.5
14.4
14.7
26.9
29.3
12.8
24.8
53.3
50.8
27.9
255.1
R81.0
R118.2
R125.8
R118.5
R86.4
35.3
Downstream
Natural
Gas 2,3
Electric
Power
Coal
Other
Energy 4
NonEnergy
Total 5
NA
NA
NA
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
3.6
3.3
2.2
3.7
8.8
3.5
6.7
NA
NA
NA
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
1.0
.6
.4
1.2
-1.6
9.3
-1.8
NA
NA
NA
.2
.1
.3
.3
.4
.4
.5
.6
.4
.2
.4
.6
.4
.3
.6
-.5
.4
.2
.3
.5
.3
.5
.2
(s)
.1
(s)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
NA
NA
NA
(s)
-.1
-.1
(s)
-.3
-.3
(s)
-.1
-.3
(s)
(s)
-.1
-.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
.9
.7
2.7
2.0
-1.5
.1
1.1
1.0
.6
.8
-.3
.2
NA
NA
NA
1.7
1.8
2.8
2.3
1.6
.4
1.8
2.9
2.5
2.8
7.1
10.8
8.7
4.3
1.6
1.2
2.7
6.2
12.6
8.0
6.3
1.8
2.8
3.6
-2.7
1.8
.9
4.2
4.2
6.2
5.6
-2.4
1.3
13.6
10.3
12.0
12.7
13.9
23.5
31.0
30.0
21.8
21.9
21.3
17.4
9.2
11.3
22.3
19.8
21.6
14.7
1.8
15.5
16.5
21.1
32.0
32.1
12.5
22.9
53.2
37.7
20.6
57.4
81.1
119.2
131.4
124.8
86.9
29.5
Notes: "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and
natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System.
See
http://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html. "Net income" is operating income plus other
income and extraordinary income less operating expenses, taxes, interest charges, other deductions, and
extraordinary deductions. "Eliminations" are revenues and expenses resulting from transactions
between segments of the energy industry. Consolidated company accounts do not include intersegment
revenues and expenses.
Therefore, such intersegment transactions must be eliminated.
"Nontraceables" are energy companies revenues, costs, assays, and liabilities that cannot be directly
attributed to a type of business by use of a reasonable allocation method developed on the basis of
operating-level utilities.
Sources: 1974-1976U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-28, "Financial
Reporting System" database, November 1997. 1977 forwardEIA, Performance Profiles of Major
Energy Producers, annual reports.
89
Figure 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies Profitability

Total Profitability, 1974-2009
Petroleum Profitability by Location, 1977-2009
20
30
25
15
Percent
Percent
20
10
Foreign
Operations
15
10
5
5
0
U.S.
Operations
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
U.S. Petroleum Profitability, 1977-2009

30
1980
1990
1995
2000
2005
2000
2005
Foreign Petroleum Profitability, 1977-2009

40
Rate
Regulated
Pipelines
Crude Oil and

Natural Gas
Production
20
Refining
and
Marketing
Crude Oil and

Natural Gas
Production
30
20
10
10
Percent
Percent
1985
0
International Marine1
-10
Refining
and
Marketing
-10
-20
-30
-20
-40
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1
From 2003 to 2009, data is included with Foreign Refining and Marketing to prevent disclosure.
Note: Major U.S. Energy Companies are the top publicly-owned crude oil and natural gas
90
1980
1985
1990
1995
producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS).
Source: Table 3.12.
See
Table 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies Profitability, 1974-2009

(Percent)
Petroleum 1
United States
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Foreign
Crude Oil and

Natural Gas
Production
Refining
and
Marketing
Rate
Regulated
Pipelines
Total
Crude Oil and

Natural Gas
Production
NA
NA
NA
17.5
16.4
18.2
20.9
20.2
14.0
11.3
10.8
9.5
.8
4.1
2.8
2.9
8.5
5.1
5.9
5.3
5.5
4.4
14.1
12.5
.5
7.6
17.7
13.1
10.5
116.5
20.0
22.5
18.2
15.2
10.7
3.5
NA
NA
NA
7.2
7.5
9.8
9.8
4.4
6.0
4.8
.3
6.5
4.5
2.9
14.7
11.5
5.1
2.0
-.4
3.4
3.6
1.0
4.4
6.6
7.9
6.5
9.6
14.5
-1.7
19.3
R18.4
R23.2
R25.3
R21.2
R2.4
-6.6
NA
NA
NA
7.3
10.9
15.1
15.1
15.6
20.8
16.6
20.8
15.0
13.2
12.8
9.6
10.2
11.2
10.7
8.4
6.4
7.6
9.1
6.9
6.7
4.4
6.4
6.0
9.7
5.2
111.5
4.4
5.8
R2.6
R2.8
2.4
4.7
NA
NA
NA
12.5
12.8
15.5
17.5
16.1
12.7
10.3
9.4
9.4
3.0
4.9
6.3
5.8
7.9
4.9
4.4
4.9
5.2
4.0
9.9
10.0
3.8
7.0
13.2
13.1
6.0
113.7
18.9
R22.2
R19.8
R16.6
R8.1
.4
NA
NA
NA
21.8
18.2
23.8
25.1
25.5
17.4
19.6
18.8
20.0
11.6
12.4
9.2
8.9
13.1
9.1
8.2
8.6
6.5
9.3
12.8
12.5
2.2
8.5
17.1
11.2
9.2
114.2
17.1
26.3
23.7
18.8
16.3
11.0
Refining
and
Marketing
NA
NA
NA
5.1
12.7
29.1
26.4
9.0
4.7
7.7
4.5
3.3
16.3
4.7
11.6
8.0
11.2
14.6
7.8
10.6
6.1
7.2
6.0
10.5
8.2
5.1
8.7
9.5
-1.1
1,6,R8.0
6,R18.1
6,R21.0
618.6
6,R21.6
6,R26.2
65.8
International
Marine
Total
Total
Petroleum
Downstream
Natural
Gas 1,2
NA
NA
NA
2.6
-1.0
2.6
2.4
-1.1
-6.3
-13.2
-14.0
-19.0
5.3
-3.6
6.8
12.4
11.7
15.6
-1.2
1.2
-2.0
-2.5
2.2
11.8
8.9
.8
6.4
25.9
-6.2
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
NA
NA
NA
12.4
13.6
23.1
23.0
17.7
11.8
14.1
13.3
13.8
12.8
9.5
9.9
8.7
12.5
11.0
7.9
9.2
6.2
8.4
10.6
11.9
4.0
7.6
15.1
10.9
7.2
113.0
17.3
R25.4
22.9
19.2
17.8
10.3
NA
NA
NA
12.5
13.1
18.0
19.2
16.6
12.5
11.3
10.4
10.5
5.5
6.2
7.3
6.7
9.5
7.0
5.6
6.4
5.6
5.7
10.1
10.8
3.9
7.2
13.9
12.2
6.5
113.4
R18.1
23.7
R21.3
R17.7
R11.9
4.5
NA
NA
NA
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.8
5.9
4.0
5.7
15.6
5.1
9.6
1 Through 2002, natural gas operations are included in the "Petroleum" line of business. Beginning in
2003, downstream natural gas operations are included in their own line of business.
2 "Downstream Natural Gas" is a line of business that begins with the procurement of natural gas,
processes and gathers natural gas, produces natural gas liquids, imports liquefied natural gas, markets
and trades natural gas and natural gas liquids, and delivers wholesale and retail volumes of natural gas
and natural gas liquids.
3 Through 2002, includes electric power, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy
(including oil shale, tar sands, coal liquefaction and gasification, geothermal, and solar). Beginning in
2003, includes coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.
4 Included in "Petroleum."
5 Included in "Other Energy."
6 "International Marine" is included with "Foreign Refining and Marketing" to prevent disclosure.
7 Reflects unusually profitable electric power trading operations by survey respondents.
Electric
Power
Coal
Other
Energy 3
NonEnergy
Total
NA
NA
NA
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
5.2
3.1
1.7
5.6
-32.5
7181.4
-32.0
NA
NA
NA
8.8
4.1
6.3
5.6
6.1
4.4
5.0
6.2
4.6
2.7
5.1
6.7
5.0
3.3
8.7
-9.3
7.6
4.0
6.9
9.9
7.2
26.4
9.5
1.7
9.0
-8.5
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
NA
NA
NA
-2.6
-4.2
-3.7
-.7
-6.8
-5.2
.5
-1.8
-8.4
-.8
.5
-2.5
-2.3
2.6
2.8
1.8
4.1
4.8
6.1
7.9
7.0
13.2
7.6
11.0
9.0
-6.8
2.8
24.7
22.2
11.1
6.0
-2.1
5.1
NA
NA
NA
7.1
6.5
8.8
5.9
3.5
.6
2.9
4.8
4.2
5.1
12.2
20.3
17.3
7.8
2.9
2.1
4.7
10.5
19.4
15.0
10.9
4.5
5.8
7.3
-6.6
4.7
2.4
10.7
11.6
14.6
12.5
-5.3
2.8
14.6
9.7
10.0
9.4
9.4
13.8
15.3
12.4
7.7
7.4
6.9
5.5
3.0
3.6
7.2
6.4
6.8
4.5
.5
4.7
4.9
6.2
9.5
9.2
3.2
5.6
11.4
7.7
4.1
10.9
14.0
19.0
17.9
15.6
9.9
3.2

natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System.
See
Data are for return on investment,

measured as net income divided by net investment in place. "Net income" is operating income plus other
income and extraordinary income less operating expenses, taxes, interest charges, other deductions, and
extraordinary deductions. "Net investment in place" is net property, plant, and equipment plus investments
and advances to unconsolidated affiliates.
Sources: 1974-1976U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-28, "Financial
Reporting System" database, October 1996. 1977 forwardEIA, Performance Profiles of Major Energy
Producers, annual reports.
91
Figure 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006

Petroleum Activities
Petroleum Activities Share of U.S. Total
100
Sales of
Motor Gasoline
Refining
Capacity
Uranium
80
30
4
Sales of
Motor Gasoline
Refining
Capacity
Percent
Percent
Share of U.S. Total Production by Fuel Type
40
20
Production1
60
40
Crude Oil
and NGL
2
10
Coal
20
Production1
0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2.4
400
1.8
300
1.2
0.6
92
1995
2000
2005
1980
1985
1990
1995
Crude oil and natural gas liquids.

2000
2005
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Expenditures for Exploration and

Development of Uranium
50
40
200
30
20
10
0
1980
1990
100
0.0
1985
Coal Production
Million Short Tons
Trillion Cubic Feet
Dry Natural Gas Production
1980
Million Dollars
1980
Dry Natural Gas
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1980
1985
1990
1995
Source: Table 3.13.
2000
2005
Table 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006

Production
Crude Oil and
Natural Gas Liquids
Year
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1
Dry Natural Gas
Thousand
Barrels
per Day
Percent of
U.S. Total
Billion
Cubic Feet
Percent of
U.S. Total
1,076
1,145
1,280
1,438
1,421
1,325
1,365
1,455
1,523
1,614
1,659
1,553
1,481
1,469
1,392
1,299
1,261
1,103
1,105
1,028
1,149
1,118
1,027
994
1,214
1,147
1,073
970
888
10.5
11.3
12.6
14.1
13.9
12.9
12.9
13.7
14.8
16.1
16.9
16.8
16.5
16.0
15.5
14.7
14.6
12.8
12.8
11.9
13.7
13.8
12.7
13.0
15.9
15.5
14.8
14.0
13.0
783
786
776
1,080
1,055
924
1,075
1,093
1,276
1,318
1,392
1,452
1,457
1,360
1,368
1,451
1,439
1,191
1,265
1,332
1,881
1,805
2,112
2,167
2,344
2,331
2,140
2,031
1,960
3.9
4.0
4.0
5.6
5.9
5.8
6.2
6.7
8.0
8.0
8.1
8.4
8.2
7.7
7.7
8.0
7.7
6.4
6.7
7.0
10.1
9.6
11.0
11.0
12.4
12.2
11.4
11.3
10.6
Coal
Million
Short Tons
24
29
31
106
138
128
153
147
146
181
195
207
254
238
259
254
295
316
332
327
199
300
284
302
291
289
155
160
158
Percent of
U.S. Total
Thousand
Pounds 2
Percent of
U.S. Total 3
Thousand
Barrels
per Day
Percent of
U.S. Total
Thousand
Barrels
per Day
Percent of
U.S. Total
3.1
3.8
3.8
12.9
16.6
16.5
17.3
16.8
16.5
19.8
20.6
21.2
24.7
24.0
26.0
27.0
28.6
30.7
31.2
30.0
17.8
27.2
26.4
26.8
26.6
27.0
13.9
14.1
13.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
53,745
3,443
2,440
2,280
2,024
2,000
2,147
2,980
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
581.2
87.0
92.5
97.3
6 NM
87.6
79.8
72.6
1,895
1,984
2,066
2,595
2,423
2,337
2,276
2,656
3,133
3,342
3,356
4,243
4,379
4,312
4,256
4,440
4,479
4,164
4,050
3,637
4,940
4,877
4,831
4,797
4,733
4,761
4,683
4,942
4,844
10.9
11.0
11.1
14.5
14.4
14.4
14.5
17.2
20.1
21.0
21.4
27.2
27.9
27.5
28.1
29.5
29.2
27.1
26.2
23.0
30.4
29.5
29.1
28.6
28.2
28.2
27.3
28.5
27.8
1,066
948
926
1,114
1,092
1,022
1,066
1,285
1,565
1,586
1,673
2,084
2,282
2,299
2,369
2,362
2,346
2,204
2,145
1,998
2,721
2,737
2,971
3,027
3,090
2,914
2,900
2,845
NA
13.6
13.5
14.1
16.9
16.7
15.4
15.9
18.8
22.2
22.0
22.8
28.4
31.5
32.0
32.6
31.6
30.9
29.0
26.5
24.4
32.4
32.0
35.3
35.1
35.0
33.0
32.7
31.6
NA
Operable capacity as of January 1 of the following year.

Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.
Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary.
5 Includes a small amount produced by a U.S. company, which left the industry by the close of 1999.
6 Total U.S. uranium production is slightly below that of the foreign-affiliated companies shown in this
table. The U.S. data were rounded to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
NA=Not available. NM=Not meaningful. (s)=Less than 0.5 million dollars. W=Value withheld to avoid
2
3
Refining Capacity 1
Uranium
Sales of
Motor Gasoline
Expenditures for
Exploration and
Development of Uranium
Million
Dollars 4
39
34
38
25
15
5
7
6
12
12
9
6
3
4
8
9
2
2
4
4
(s)
W
W
W
W
NA
NA
NA
NA
Percent of
U.S. Total
12.5
10.8
14.1
17.0
19.8
13.0
24.9
27.9
54.3
60.4
44.2
41.2
14.6
19.7
55.2
76.0
51.0
35.0
44.0
14.0
1.0
W
W
W
W
NA
NA
NA
NA
disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: 2007 data for this table were not available in time for publication. For data updates, see
http://www.eia.gov/emeu/finance/fdi/index.html.
Sources: 1978U.S. Department of Energy, Secretarys Annual Report to Congress, (September
1983). 1979-1992U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Profiles of Foreign Direct Investment in
U.S. Energy, annual reports. 1993-1996EIA, Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual
reports. 1997 forwardEIA, Foreign Direct Investment in U.S. Energy, annual reports.
93
4. Energy Resources
Figure 4.1
Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2008
Crude Oil and Lease Condensate, Total Technically

Recoverable Resources
Dry Natural Gas, Total Technically Recoverable Resources
11%
22%
11%
48 States Onshore
48 States Offshore
Alaska
52%
57%
20%
26%
48 States Onshore Gas

48 States Offshore Gas
Alaska
Tight Gas, Shale Gas, and Coalbed
Methane
Total
2,543 trillion cubic feet
Total
219 billion barrels
Crude Oil and Lease Condensate by Type
Dry Natural Gas by Type
250
3,000
219
Trillion Cubic Feet
200
Billion Barrels
2,543
2,500
198
150
100
50
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
21
245
0
Proved
Reserves
Total
Unproved
Resources
Total
Technically
Recoverable
Resources
Note: Sum of components may not equal 100 percent due to independent rounding.
96
2,299
Proved
Reserves
Source: Table 4.1.
Total
Unproved
Resources
Total
Technically
Recoverable
Reserves
Table 4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2008
Unproved Resources
Region
Proved Reserves
Inferred Reserves 1
Undiscovered Resources
Total Unproved
Total Technically
Recoverable Resources
Crude Oil and Lease Condensate (billion barrels)

48 States Onshore ........................................................
48 States Offshore ........................................................
Alaska ...........................................................................
12.7
4.3
3.5
50.1
10.3
2.1
51.1
42.7
42.0
101.2
53.0
44.1
113.9
57.4
47.6
Total U.S. .....................................................................
20.6
62.5
135.8
198.3
218.9
Dry Natural Gas 2 (trillion cubic feet)

Conventionally Reservoired Fields 3 .......................
48 States Onshore Gas 4 .........................................
48 States Offshore Gas 5 .........................................
Alaska .......................................................................
102.8
78.7
16.4
7.7
312.2
236.1
51.3
24.8
673.0
197.8
217.7
257.5
985.3
433.9
269.1
282.3
1,088.0
512.5
285.5
290.0
Tight Gas, Shale Gas, and Coalbed Methane .........
141.9
1,208.1
105.3
1,313.4
1,455.3
Total U.S. ....................................................................
244.7
1,520.3
778.3
2,298.6
2,543.3
1 Inferred reserves (reserve growth) is the volume by which the estimate of total recovery from a known
crude oil or natural gas reservoir or aggregation of such reservoirs is expected to increase during the time
between discovery and permanent abandonment.
2 Natural gas plant liquids are not included.
3 Conventionally reservoired deposits are discrete subsurface accumulations of crude oil or natural gas
usually defined, controlled, or limited by hydrocarbon/water contacts.
4 Includes associated-dissolved (AD) natural gas that occurs in crude oil reservoirs either as free gas
(associated) or as gas in solution with crude oil (dissolved).
5 Includes Federal offshore and State offshore waters (near-shore, shallow-water areas under State
jurisdiction).
Notes: Data are at end of year. "Technically recoverable" resources are those that are producible
using current technology without reference to the economic viability thereof. Resources in areas where
drilling is officially prohibited are not included. Estimates of the resources in the Northern Atlantic, Northern
and Central Pacific, and within a 50-mile buffer off the Mid and Southern Atlantic OCS are also excluded
from the technically recoverable volumes. "48 States" is the United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
Sources: Proved Reserves: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Office of Energy Statistics.
Table values reflect the removal of intervening reserve additions between the date of the last available
assessment and December 31, 2008. Inferred Reserves: EIA, Office of Energy Analysis. Undiscovered
Onshore, State Offshore, and Alaska: National Oil and Gas Resource Assessment Team, United States
Geological Survey with adjustments made to shale gas by Intek, Inc., and the EIA, Office of Energy
Analysis, Oil and Gas Production Analysis Team. Undiscovered Federal (Outer Continental Shelf)
Offshore: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement.
97
Figure 4.2
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Estimated Ultimate
Recovery, 1977-2009
Crude Oil
Natural Gas (Dry)

1,400
250
Estimated
Ultimate Recovery
Estimated
Ultimate Recovery
1,200
150
Trillion Cubic Feet
Billion Barrels
200
Cumulative Production
100
50
1,000
800
600
400
Proved Reserves
Proved Reserves
200
0
1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
0
1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Cumulative Production and Proved Reserves, Indexed

250
Natural Gas (Dry)
Index: 1977=100
200
150
Crude Oil
100
Crude Oil
Proved Reserves
50
0
1977
1980
1983
1986
Notes: Data are at end of year. Crude oil includes lease condensate.
98
Natural Gas (Dry)

Proved Reserves
1989
1992
1995
1998
Source: Table 4.2.
2001
2004
2007
Table 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Estimated Ultimate Recovery,
1977-2009
Crude Oil and Lease Condensate 1
Estimated Ultimate Recovery 3
Billion Barrels
Year
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Proved Reserves 2
Natural Gas (Dry)
118.1
121.3
124.4
127.5
130.7
133.8
137.0
140.2
143.5
146.7
149.7
152.7
155.5
158.2
160.9
163.5
166.0
168.4
170.8
173.2
175.6
177.8
180.0
182.1
184.2
186.3
188.4
190.4
192.3
194.1
R196.0
R197.8
199.8
31.8
31.4
31.2
31.3
31.0
29.5
29.3
30.0
29.9
28.3
28.7
28.2
27.9
27.6
25.9
25.0
24.1
23.6
23.5
23.3
23.9
22.4
23.2
23.5
23.8
24.0
23.1
22.6
23.0
R22.3
22.8
20.6
22.3
Proved Reserves 4
Estimated Ultimate Recovery 3
Trillion Cubic Feet

149.9
152.6
155.6
158.9
161.7
163.3
166.3
170.2
173.4
175.0
178.4
180.9
183.4
185.7
186.8
188.5
190.2
192.0
194.4
196.5
199.4
200.2
203.1
205.6
208.1
210.4
211.5
213.0
215.3
R216.4
R218.8
R218.3
222.1
1 Lease condensate is the portion of natural gas liquids that is separated from the wellhead gas stream
at a lease or field separation facility.
2 See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil" and "Proved Reserves, Lease Condensate" in Glossary.
3 "Estimated ultimate recovery" (EUR) is the sum of the estimate of proved reserves at a specific time
and cumulative production up to that time.
4 See "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas" in Glossary.
R=Revised.
Note: Data are at end of year.
514.4
533.6
553.2
572.6
591.8
609.6
625.7
643.2
659.6
675.7
692.3
709.4
726.7
744.5
762.2
780.1
798.2
817.0
835.6
854.5
873.4
892.4
911.2
930.4
950.0
968.9
988.0
1,006.6
R1,024.7
R1,043.2
R1,062.4
R1,082.6
1,103.2
207.4
208.0
201.0
199.0
201.7
201.5
200.2
197.5
193.4
191.6
187.2
168.0
167.1
169.3
167.1
165.0
162.4
163.8
165.1
166.5
167.2
164.0
167.4
177.4
183.5
186.9
189.0
192.5
204.4
211.1
237.7
244.7
272.5
721.9
741.6
754.2
771.6
793.5
811.1
826.0
840.7
853.0
867.3
879.5
877.4
893.9
913.9
929.3
945.1
960.6
980.8
1,000.7
1,020.9
1,040.6
1,056.4
1,078.6
1,107.8
1,133.5
1,155.9
1,177.1
1,199.1
R1,229.1
R1,254.3
R1,300.2
R1,327.3
1,375.7
Web Pages:
See http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ and http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/ for related
information.
Sources: Cumulative Production: Calculated from U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports and Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. Proved Reserves:
1977-2000EIA, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, annual reports.
2001-2009EIA, Summary: U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves
2009 (November 2010), Table 7. Estimated Ultimate Recovery: Calculated as the sum of cumulative
production and proved reserves.
99
Figure 4.3
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves
Total, 1949-2009
By Type, 2009
100
60
50
API and
AGA Data
Billion Barrels COE
Billion Barrels COE
75
EIA Data
50
48
40
30
21
20
25
10
0
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Natural Gas
Crude Oil
Natural Gas Liquids
By Type, 1949-2009
60
API and AGA Data: 1949-1979

Natural Gas
Billion Barrels COE
EIA Data: 1977-2009
40
Crude Oil
20
Natural Gas Liquids
0
1950
1
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
COE=crude oil equivalent.

To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in Natural Gas
Liquids; otherwise, lease condensate is included in Crude Oil.
100
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Notes: Data are at end of year. API=American Petroleum Institute. AGA=American Gas
Association. EIA=U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Source: Table 4.3.
Table 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949-2009
Crude Oil 1
Year
Natural Gas Liquids 1
Natural Gas (Dry)
Billion Barrels
Trillion Cubic Feet 2
24.6
25.3
30.0
31.6
31.4
39.0
38.1
36.3
35.3
34.2
32.7
30.9
29.5
27.8
27.1
179.4
184.6
222.5
262.3
286.5
290.7
278.8
266.1
250.0
237.1
228.2
216.0
208.9
200.3
194.9
Billion Barrels COE 3
Billion Barrels
Total
3.1
3.5
4.4
5.4
6.3
5.9
5.5
5.1
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.7
4.4
4.3
4.1
59.7
61.7
74.1
83.8
88.6
96.6
93.2
88.5
84.1
80.8
77.5
73.6
70.6
67.3
65.5
NA
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.2
5.3
5.7
5.5
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.5
5.6
5.3
5.5
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.2
5.5
5.6
5.8
6.3
6.4
7.0
NA
73.0
70.1
70.0
70.4
68.8
69.0
69.0
68.5
66.7
66.3
62.4
61.7
61.7
59.6
58.3
56.8
56.5
56.8
56.9
57.7
55.5
56.9
59.2
60.5
61.3
60.6
60.9
63.6
64.2
69.8
68.8
75.8
American Petroleum Institute and American Gas Association Data

1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
32.0
32.9
39.7
46.8
51.0
51.7
49.6
47.1
44.0
41.9
40.2
38.0
36.8
35.2
34.3
3.7
4.3
5.4
6.8
8.0
7.7
7.3
6.8
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.4
6.0
5.9
5.7
U.S. Energy Information Administration Data

1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
31.8
31.4
29.8
29.8
29.4
27.9
27.7
28.4
28.4
26.9
27.3
26.8
26.5
26.3
24.7
23.7
23.0
22.5
22.4
22.0
22.5
21.0
21.8
22.0
22.4
22.7
21.9
21.4
21.8
21.0
21.3
19.1
20.7
207.4
208.0
201.0
199.0
201.7
201.5
200.2
197.5
193.4
191.6
187.2
168.0
167.1
169.3
167.1
165.0
162.4
163.8
165.1
166.5
167.2
164.0
167.4
177.4
183.5
186.9
189.0
192.5
204.4
211.1
237.7
244.7
272.5
36.5
36.5
35.4
35.2
35.7
35.7
35.6
35.1
34.4
34.0
33.3
29.8
29.7
30.0
29.7
29.3
28.8
29.0
29.2
29.4
29.6
29.2
29.6
31.4
32.5
33.1
33.5
34.1
36.2
37.4
42.2
43.3
48.2
1 To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in "Natural Gas Liquids";
otherwise, lease condensate is included in "Crude Oil."
2 The American Gas Association estimates of natural gas proved reserves include volumes of natural
gas held in underground storage. In 1979, this volume amounted to 4.9 trillion cubic feet. U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) data do not include natural gas in underground storage.
3 Natural gas is converted to crude oil equivalent (COE) by multiplying by the natural gas dry production
approximate heat content (see Table A4) and then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat
content (see Table A2). The lease condensate portion of natural gas liquids is converted to COE by
multiplying by the lease condensate production approximate heat content (5.5 million Btu per barrel) and
then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat content. Other natural gas liquids are converted
to COE by multiplying by the natural gas plant liquids production approximate heat content (see Table A2)
and then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat content.
NA
6.8
6.6
6.7
7.1
7.2
7.9
7.6
7.9
8.2
8.1
8.2
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.2
7.2
7.4
7.8
8.0
7.5
7.9
8.3
8.0
8.0
7.5
7.9
8.2
8.5
9.1
9.3
10.2
NA=Not available.
Notes: Data are at end of year. See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Natural
Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids" in Glossary.
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#resources for all data beginning in
1949. For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.
Sources: American Petroleum Institute and American Gas Association Data: American Petroleum
Institute, American Gas Association, and Canadian Petroleum Association (published jointly), Reserves of
Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids and Natural Gas in the United States and Canada as of December 31,
1979, Volume 34 (June 1980). U.S. Energy Information Administration Data: 1977-2008EIA, U.S.
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, annual reports. 2009EIA, Summary: U.S.
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves 2009 (November 2010), Tables 7 and 17.
101
Figure 4.4
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation
By Site, 1949-2010
By Site, 2010
2,000
Peak: 3,970 rigs in 1981
1,514
Number of Rigs
Thousand Rigs
1,500
3
2
Total
1,000
500
1
Onshore
Offshore
31
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Onshore
Offshore
By Type1, 2010
By Type, 1949-2010
1,000
943
4
Number of Rigs
Thousand Rigs
750
3
Total
2
Crude
Oil
591
500
250
1
Natural Gas
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
0
1990
2000
Rigs drilling for miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests, are not shown.
102
2010
Source: Table 4.4.
Natural Gas
Crude Oil
Table 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Number of Rigs)
By Site
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Onshore
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,554
1,529
1,834
2,074
1,970
2,678
3,714
2,862
2,033
2,215
1,774
865
841
813
764
902
779
669
672
673
622
671
821
703
519
778
1,003
717
924
1,095
1,287
1,559
1,695
1,814
1,046
1,514
By Type
Offshore
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
106
129
167
185
207
231
256
243
199
213
206
99
95
123
105
108
81
52
82
102
101
108
122
123
106
140
153
113
108
97
94
90
72
65
44
31
1 Sum of rigs drilling for crude oil, rigs drilling for natural gas, and other rigs (not shown) drilling for
miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Data are not for the exact calendar year but are an average for the 52 or 53 consecutive whole
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Total 1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
354
401
464
351
331
364
427
385
464
564
560
496
720
939
691
872
1,025
1,184
1,372
1,466
1,491
801
943
2,017
2,154
2,686
1,748
1,388
1,028
1,660
1,658
2,001
2,259
2,177
2,909
3,970
3,105
2,232
2,428
1,980
964
936
936
869
1,010
860
721
754
775
723
779
943
827
625
918
1,156
830
1,032
1,192
1,381
1,649
1,768
1,879
1,089
1,546
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
554
453
532
482
373
373
335
323
306
376
264
128
197
217
137
157
165
194
274
297
379
278
591
weeks that most nearly coincide with the calendar year. Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the
District of Columbia. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#resources for all data beginning in 1949.
Source: Baker Hughes, Inc., Houston, Texas, Rotary Rigs RunningBy State.
103
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells
Total Wells Drilled, 1949-2010
Total Wells Drilled by Type, 1949-2010
100
100
40
80
Total
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
19.4
19.1
0
1950
Million Feet
104
110
100
50
4.9
Exploratory
Development
Total
158
10
3.5
1.3
1980
8.4
8.1
1990
2000
2010
8.3
Exploratory
Development
Total
6.8
5.6
6.0
5.7
4.9
5.2
25
6
0
Natural Gas
1970
17
1.3
0
Crude Oil
1960
Average Depth, 2010
149
150
17.8
Exploratory
Exploratory
Development
Total
15
0.8
40
2010
200
18.6
60
20
Footage Drilled, 2010
25
Thousand Wells
Natural
Gas Wells
0
1950
1980 1990 2000 2010
Wells Drilled, 2010
104
20
10
Exploratory
0
1950 1960 1970
Total
30
Dry Holes
Development
20
Development
Crude
Oil Wells
Thousand Feet per Well
25
Thousand Wells
Thousand Wells
75
50
Successful Wells, 1949-2010
50
Percent
Figure 4.5
Dry Holes
0
Crude Oil
Data are for exploratory and development wells combined.
Natural Gas
Dry Holes
Sources: Tables 4.54.7.
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Dry Holes
Table 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Footage Drilled 1
Wells Drilled
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Dry Holes
Total
Number
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006E
2007E
2008E
2009E
2010E
21,352
23,812
30,432
22,258
18,065
12,968
16,948
17,688
18,745
19,181
20,851
32,959
43,887
39,459
37,366
42,906
35,261
19,213
16,210
13,646
10,230
R12,839
R12,588
R9,402
R8,856
R7,348
R8,248
R8,836
R11,206
R7,682
R4,805
R8,090
R8,888
R6,775
R8,129
R8,789
R10,779
R13,224
R13,341
R16,791
R11,610
19,375
3,363
3,439
4,266
5,149
4,482
4,011
8,127
9,409
12,122
14,413
15,254
17,461
20,250
19,076
14,684
17,338
14,324
8,599
8,096
8,578
9,522
R11,246
R9,793
R8,163
R9,839
R9,375
R8,082
R9,027
R11,498
R11,639
R12,027
R17,051
R22,072
R17,342
R20,722
R24,186
R28,584
R32,760
R32,852
R33,339
R19,054
19,059
Successful
Wells
Crude Oil
Percent
12,597
14,799
20,452
18,212
16,226
11,031
13,646
13,758
14,985
16,551
16,099
20,785
27,953
26,379
24,355
25,884
21,211
12,799
11,167
10,119
8,236
R8,245
R7,481
R5,862
R6,096
R5,096
R4,814
4,890
5,874
R4,761
R3,550
R4,146
R4,598
R3,754
R3,982
R4,082
R4,653
R5,138
R4,940
R5,398
R3,748
4,870
37,312
42,050
55,150
45,619
38,773
28,010
38,721
40,855
45,852
50,145
52,204
71,205
92,090
84,914
76,405
86,128
70,796
40,611
35,473
32,343
27,988
R32,330
R29,862
R23,427
R24,791
R21,819
R21,144
R22,753
R28,578
R24,082
R20,382
R29,287
R35,558
R27,871
R32,833
R37,057
R44,016
R51,122
R51,133
R55,528
R34,412
43,304
66.2
64.8
62.9
60.1
58.2
60.6
64.8
66.3
67.3
67.0
69.2
70.8
69.6
68.9
68.1
69.9
70.0
68.5
68.5
68.7
70.6
74.5
74.9
75.0
75.4
76.6
77.2
78.5
79.4
80.2
R82.6
85.8
87.1
R86.5
87.9
89.0
89.4
89.9
R90.3
R90.3
R89.1
88.8
Dry Holes
Average Footage Drilled

4
Total
Crude Oil
Thousand Feet
79,428
92,695
121,148
86,568
73,322
56,859
66,819
68,892
75,451
77,041
82,688
125,262
172,167
149,674
136,849
162,653
137,728
76,825
66,358
58,639
43,266
R56,611
R56,259
R45,817
R44,324
R38,675
R41,146
R42,517
R56,451
R38,683
R22,025
R36,798
R43,213
R30,981
R38,690
R42,290
R51,681
R63,085
R65,305
R85,143
R61,851
110,406
See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary.

See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary.
3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary.
4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.
R=Revised. E=Estimate.
Notes: Data are for exploratory and development wells combined; see Table 4.6 for exploratory wells
only, and Table 4.7 for development wells only. Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests are
excluded. For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are for
well completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970
forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data for
recent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The U.S. Energy Information
2
Natural Gas
12,437
13,685
19,930
28,246
24,931
23,623
44,454
49,113
63,686
75,841
80,468
92,106
108,353
107,149
78,108
91,480
76,293
45,039
42,584
45,363
49,081
R57,075
R51,081
R44,813
R58,384
R58,439
R49,840
R56,250
R71,551
R70,375
R60,382
R83,697
R110,787
R93,174
R116,140
R138,774
R164,184
R191,716
R210,318
R231,847
R147,505
158,045
43,754
50,977
85,103
77,361
76,629
58,074
69,220
68,977
76,728
85,788
81,642
99,575
134,934
123,746
105,222
119,860
100,388
60,961
53,588
52,517
42,099
R42,538
R37,857
R29,477
R31,117
R27,828
R26,397
R27,884
R33,741
R28,585
R20,659
R24,101
R26,279
R21,221
R22,762
R23,761
R25,070
R27,531
R27,632
R28,858
R20,015
25,296
Natural Gas 3
Dry Holes 4
Total
Feet per Well

135,619
157,358
226,182
192,176
174,882
138,556
180,494
186,982
215,866
238,669
244,798
316,943
415,454
380,569
320,179
373,993
314,409
182,825
162,530
156,519
134,446
R156,224
R145,197
R120,107
R133,825
R124,942
R117,383
R126,651
R161,743
R137,643
R103,066
R144,596
R180,279
R145,376
R177,592
R204,825
R240,935
R282,332
R303,255
R345,848
R229,371
293,747
3,720
3,893
3,981
3,889
4,059
4,385
3,943
3,895
4,025
4,017
3,966
3,801
3,923
3,793
3,662
3,791
3,906
3,999
4,094
4,297
4,229
R4,409
R4,469
R4,873
R5,005
R5,263
R4,989
R4,812
R5,038
R5,036
R4,584
R4,549
R4,862
R4,573
R4,760
R4,812
R4,795
R4,770
R4,895
R5,071
R5,327
5,698
3,698
3,979
4,672
5,486
5,562
5,860
5,470
5,220
5,254
5,262
5,275
5,275
5,351
5,617
5,319
5,276
5,326
5,238
5,260
5,288
5,154
R5,075
R5,216
R5,490
R5,934
R6,233
R6,167
R6,231
R6,223
R6,046
R5,021
R4,909
R5,019
R5,373
R5,605
R5,738
R5,744
R5,852
R6,402
R6,954
R7,741
8,292
3,473
3,445
4,161
4,248
4,723
5,265
5,073
5,014
5,120
5,183
5,071
4,791
4,827
4,691
4,320
4,631
4,733
4,763
4,799
5,190
5,112
R5,159
R5,060
R5,028
R5,104
R5,461
5,483
R5,702
R5,744
R6,004
R5,819
R5,813
R5,715
R5,653
R5,716
R5,821
R5,388
R5,358
R5,594
R5,346
R5,340
5,194
3,635
3,742
4,101
4,213
4,510
4,943
4,661
4,577
4,708
4,760
4,689
4,451
4,511
4,482
4,191
4,342
4,441
4,502
4,582
4,839
4,804
R4,832
R4,862
R5,127
R5,398
R5,726
R5,552
R5,566
R5,660
R5,716
R5,057
R4,937
R5,070
R5,216
R5,409
R5,527
R5,474
R5,523
R5,931
R6,228
R6,665
6,783
Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. Average depth may not equal average of components due to
Sources:
1949-1965Gulf Publishing Company, World Oil, "Forecast-Review" issue.
1966-1969American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly Review of Drilling Statistics for the United
States, annual summaries and monthly reports. 1970-1989EIA computations based on well reports
submitted to the API. 1990 forwardEIA computations based on well reports submitted to IHS, Inc.,
Denver, CO. For current data see the EIA, Monthly Energy Review, Table 5.2.
105
Figure 4.6
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2010
Exploratory Wells Drilled by Well Type
Exploratory Footage Drilled by Well Type
15
80
12
Million Feet
Thousand Wells
60
Dry Holes
3 Crude Oil Wells
Natural Gas
Wells
Natural Gas Wells

Crude Oil Wells
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Exploratory Wells Average Depth, All Wells
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Exploratory Wells Average Depth by Well Type
10
10
Thousand Feet Per Well
40
20
Crude Oil
Wells
8
Natural Gas Wells
6
Dry Holes
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Note: These graphs depict exploratory wells only; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure 4.7
for development wells only.
106
Dry Holes
1950
1960
1970
Source: Table 4.6.
1980
1990
2000
2010
Table 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Footage Drilled 1
Wells Drilled
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Dry Holes
Total
Number
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006E
2007E
2008E
2009E
2010E
1,406
1,583
2,236
1,321
946
757
982
1,086
1,164
1,171
1,321
1,777
2,651
2,437
2,030
2,209
1,680
1,084
926
855
607
778
673
571
539
595
570
489
491
327
197
R288
357
R258
R350
R383
R539
R644
R825
R921
R618
778
424
431
874
868
515
477
1,248
1,346
1,548
1,771
1,907
2,099
2,522
2,133
1,605
1,528
1,200
797
756
747
706
811
R649
513
610
R782
R558
576
R562
566
R570
R657
1,052
R844
R997
R1,671
R2,135
R2,450
R2,777
R2,467
R1,290
1,269
Successful
Wells
Crude Oil
Percent
7,228
8,292
11,832
9,515
8,005
6,162
7,129
6,772
7,283
7,965
7,437
9,081
12,400
11,307
10,206
11,321
8,954
5,567
5,052
4,711
3,934
R3,652
R3,191
R2,384
R2,334
2,247
R2,024
1,956
2,113
1,590
1,157
R1,341
R1,733
R1,282
R1,297
R1,350
R1,462
R1,529
R1,585
R1,764
R1,157
1,322
9,058
10,306
14,942
11,704
9,466
7,396
9,359
9,204
9,995
10,907
10,665
12,957
17,573
15,877
13,841
15,058
11,834
7,448
6,734
6,313
5,247
R5,241
R4,513
R3,468
R3,483
R3,624
R3,152
3,021
R3,166
2,483
R1,924
R2,286
R3,142
R2,384
R2,644
R3,404
R4,136
R4,623
R5,187
R5,152
R3,065
3,369
20.2
19.5
20.8
18.7
15.4
16.7
23.8
26.4
27.1
27.0
30.3
29.9
29.4
28.8
26.3
24.8
24.3
25.3
25.0
25.4
25.0
30.3
29.3
31.3
33.0
38.0
35.8
35.3
R33.3
36.0
R39.9
41.3
R44.8
46.2
R50.9
R60.3
R64.7
R66.9
R69.4
R65.8
R62.3
60.8
Dry Holes

4
Total
Crude Oil
Thousand Feet
5,950
6,862
10,774
6,829
5,366
4,729
5,806
6,527
6,870
7,105
7,941
10,177
15,515
13,413
10,437
12,294
9,854
6,579
5,652
5,286
3,659
R5,321
R4,470
R3,958
R3,573
R3,971
3,933
3,654
R3,947
R2,740
R1,433
R2,103
R2,618
R1,743
R2,448
R3,124
R4,279
R4,760
R5,944
R7,356
R4,856
6,319

See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary.
Notes: Data are for exploratory wells only; see Table 4.5 for exploratory and development wells
combined, and Table 4.7 for development wells only. For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in
a given year. For 1960-1969, data are for well completion reports received by the American Petroleum
Institute (API) during the reporting year. For 1970 forward, the data represent wells completed in a given
year. The as-received well completion data for recent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting
2
Natural Gas
2,409
2,356
5,212
5,466
3,757
3,678
8,422
9,121
10,255
11,798
12,643
13,862
17,079
14,763
10,264
9,935
8,144
5,401
5,064
4,992
4,664
R5,758
R4,620
R3,544
R3,960
R5,129
R3,497
3,901
R4,036
R4,093
R3,992
R4,812
R7,327
R5,731
R6,584
R9,989
R12,198
R14,003
R15,616
R15,152
R9,254
8,639
26,439
30,957
53,220
43,535
40,081
35,123
40,448
37,969
40,823
46,295
42,512
50,249
69,214
60,680
48,989
58,624
47,604
30,325
26,746
27,079
21,947
R20,757
R18,049
R13,058
R13,472
R13,307
R11,928
R12,137
R13,490
R10,842
R7,687
R9,173
R11,470
R8,695
R8,817
R9,345
R9,396
R9,609
R10,136
R10,835
R7,053
7,932
Natural Gas 3
Dry Holes 4
Total
Feet per Well

34,798
40,175
69,206
55,831
49,204
43,530
54,677
53,617
57,949
65,197
63,096
74,288
101,808
88,856
69,690
80,853
65,602
42,305
37,462
37,357
30,270
R31,836
R27,139
R20,560
R21,005
R22,407
R19,358
R19,692
R21,473
R17,675
R13,112
R16,088
R21,415
R16,169
R17,849
R22,458
R25,873
R28,372
R31,696
R33,343
R21,163
22,890
4,232
4,335
4,819
5,170
5,672
6,247
5,913
6,010
5,902
6,067
6,011
5,727
5,853
5,504
5,141
5,565
5,865
6,069
6,104
6,182
6,028
R6,839
R6,642
R6,932
R6,629
R6,674
6,900
7,472
R8,039
R8,379
R7,274
R7,302
R7,333
R6,756
R6,994
R8,157
R7,939
R7,391
R7,205
R7,987
R7,858
8,122
5,682
5,466
5,964
6,298
7,295
7,695
6,748
6,777
6,625
6,662
6,630
6,604
6,772
6,921
6,395
6,502
6,787
6,777
6,698
6,683
6,606
R7,100
R7,118
R6,908
R6,491
R6,559
R6,266
R6,773
R7,181
R7,231
R7,003
R7,325
R6,965
R6,791
R6,604
R5,978
R5,713
R5,716
R5,623
R6,142
R7,173
6,808
3,658
3,733
4,498
4,575
5,007
5,700
5,674
5,607
5,605
5,812
5,716
5,533
5,582
5,367
4,800
5,178
5,317
5,447
5,294
5,748
5,579
R5,684
R5,656
R5,477
R5,772
R5,922
5,893
R6,205
R6,384
6,819
6,644
R6,840
R6,619
R6,782
6,798
R6,922
R6,427
R6,284
R6,395
R6,142
R6,096
6,000
3,842
3,898
4,632
4,770
5,198
5,885
5,842
5,825
5,798
5,978
5,916
5,733
5,793
5,597
5,035
5,369
5,544
5,680
5,563
5,917
5,769
6,074
R6,013
R5,928
R6,031
R6,183
R6,141
6,518
R6,782
7,118
6,815
R7,038
R6,816
R6,782
R6,751
R6,598
R6,255
R6,137
R6,111
R6,472
R6,905
6,794
of wells drilled. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing
data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Average depth may not
equal average of components due to independent rounding.
Sources:

107
Figure 4.7
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2010

Development Footage Drilled by Well Type
50
250
40
200
30
Million Feet
Thousand Wells
Development Wells Drilled by Well Type
Natural
Gas
Wells
Crude Oil Wells
20
Dry Holes
10
150
100
Dry Holes
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Development Wells Average Depth, All Wells
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
1990
2000
2010
Development Wells Average Depth by Well Type

10
10
Crude Oil Wells
50
Natural Gas Wells
4
Crude Oil Wells
Dry Holes
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Note: These graphs depict development wells only; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure
4.6 for exploratory wells only.
108
Natural
Gas
Wells
1950
1960
1970
Source: Table 4.7.
1980
Table 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Footage Drilled 1
Wells Drilled
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006E
2007E
2008E
2009E
2010E
1
Dry Holes
Total
Number
19,946
22,229
28,196
20,937
17,119
12,211
15,966
16,602
17,581
18,010
19,530
31,182
41,236
37,022
35,336
40,697
33,581
18,129
15,284
12,791
9,623
R12,061
R11,915
R8,831
R8,317
R6,753
R7,678
R8,347
R10,715
R7,355
R4,608
7,802
R8,531
R6,517
R7,779
R8,406
R10,240
R12,580
R12,516
R15,870
R10,992
18,597
2,939
3,008
3,392
4,281
3,967
3,534
6,879
8,063
10,574
12,642
13,347
15,362
17,728
16,943
13,079
15,810
13,124
7,802
7,340
7,831
8,816
R10,435
R9,144
R7,650
R9,229
R8,593
7,524
R8,451
R10,936
R11,073
R11,457
R16,394
R21,020
R16,498
R19,725
R22,515
R26,449
R30,310
R30,075
R30,872
R17,764
17,790
Successful
Wells
Crude Oil
Percent
5,369
6,507
8,620
8,697
8,221
4,869
6,517
6,986
7,702
8,586
8,662
11,704
15,553
15,072
14,149
14,563
12,257
7,232
6,115
5,408
4,302
R4,593
R4,290
R3,478
R3,762
R2,849
2,790
2,934
3,761
R3,171
R2,393
R2,805
R2,865
R2,472
R2,685
R2,732
R3,191
R3,609
R3,355
R3,634
R2,591
3,548
28,254
31,744
40,208
33,915
29,307
20,614
29,362
31,651
35,857
39,238
41,539
58,248
74,517
69,037
62,564
71,070
58,962
33,163
28,739
26,030
22,741
R27,089
R25,349
R19,959
R21,308
R18,195
R17,992
R19,732
R25,412
R21,599
R18,458
R27,001
R32,416
R25,487
R30,189
R33,653
R39,880
R46,499
R45,946
R50,376
R31,347
39,935
81.0
79.5
78.6
74.4
71.9
76.4
77.8
77.9
78.5
78.1
79.1
79.9
79.1
78.2
77.4
79.5
79.2
78.2
78.7
79.2
81.1
83.0
R83.1
82.6
82.3
84.3
84.5
85.1
85.2
85.3
87.0
89.6
91.2
R90.3
91.1
91.9
92.0
92.2
R92.7
R92.8
R91.7
91.1
Dry Holes

4
Total
Crude Oil
Thousand Feet
73,478
85,833
110,374
79,739
67,956
52,130
61,013
62,365
68,581
69,936
74,747
115,085
156,652
136,261
126,412
150,359
127,874
70,246
60,706
53,353
39,607
R51,290
R51,789
R41,859
R40,751
R34,704
R37,213
R38,863
R52,504
R35,943
R20,592
R34,695
R40,595
R29,238
R36,242
R39,166
R47,402
R58,325
R59,361
R77,787
R56,995
104,087

3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary.
Notes: Data are for development wells only; see Table 4.5 for exploratory and development wells
combined, and Table 4.6 for exploratory wells only. Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests are
excluded. For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are for
well completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970
forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data for
recent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The U.S. Energy Information
2
Natural Gas
10,028
11,329
14,718
22,780
21,174
19,945
36,032
39,992
53,431
64,043
67,825
78,244
91,274
92,386
67,844
81,545
68,149
39,638
37,520
40,371
44,417
R51,317
R46,461
R41,269
R54,424
R53,310
R46,343
R52,349
R67,515
R66,282
R56,390
R78,885
R103,460
R87,443
R109,556
R128,785
R151,986
R177,713
R194,702
R216,695
R138,251
149,406
17,315
20,020
31,883
33,826
36,548
22,951
28,772
31,008
35,905
39,493
39,130
49,326
65,720
63,066
56,233
61,236
52,784
30,636
26,842
25,438
20,152
R21,781
R19,808
R16,419
R17,645
R14,521
R14,469
R15,747
R20,251
R17,743
R12,972
R14,928
R14,809
R12,526
R13,945
R14,416
R15,674
R17,922
R17,496
R18,023
R12,962
17,364
Natural Gas 3
Dry Holes 4
Total
Feet per Well

100,821
117,183
156,976
136,345
125,678
95,026
125,817
133,365
157,917
173,472
181,702
242,655
313,646
291,713
250,489
293,140
248,807
140,520
125,068
119,162
104,176
R124,388
R118,058
R99,547
R112,820
R102,535
R98,025
R106,959
R140,270
R119,968
R89,954
R128,508
R158,864
R129,207
R159,743
R182,367
R215,062
R253,960
R271,559
R312,505
R208,208
270,857
3,684
3,861
3,915
3,809
3,970
4,269
3,821
3,756
3,901
3,883
3,827
3,691
3,799
3,681
3,577
3,695
3,808
3,875
3,972
4,171
4,116
R4,253
R4,347
R4,740
R4,900
R5,139
R4,847
R4,656
R4,900
R4,887
R4,469
R4,447
R4,759
R4,486
R4,659
R4,659
R4,629
R4,636
R4,743
R4,902
R5,185
5,597
3,412
3,766
4,339
5,321
5,337
5,644
5,238
4,960
5,053
5,066
5,082
5,093
5,149
5,453
5,187
5,158
5,193
5,080
5,112
5,155
5,038
R4,918
R5,081
R5,395
5,897
R6,204
R6,159
R6,194
R6,174
R5,986
R4,922
R4,812
R4,922
R5,300
R5,554
R5,720
R5,746
R5,863
R6,474
R7,019
R7,783
8,398
3,225
3,077
3,699
3,889
4,446
4,714
4,415
4,439
4,662
4,600
4,517
4,214
4,226
4,184
3,974
4,205
4,306
4,236
4,390
4,704
4,684
R4,742
R4,617
R4,721
R4,690
5,097
R5,186
R5,367
R5,384
R5,595
R5,421
R5,322
R5,169
R5,067
R5,194
R5,277
R4,912
R4,966
R5,215
R4,960
R5,003
4,894
3,568
3,691
3,904
4,020
4,288
4,610
4,285
4,214
4,404
4,421
4,374
4,166
4,209
4,225
4,004
4,125
4,220
4,237
4,352
4,578
4,581
R4,592
R4,657
R4,987
R5,294
R5,635
R5,448
R5,420
R5,520
R5,554
R4,873
R4,759
R4,901
R5,069
R5,291
R5,419
R5,393
R5,461
R5,910
R6,203
R6,642
6,782
Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. Average depth may not equal average of components due to
Sources:
109
Figure 4.8
Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled
Costs per Well, All Wells, 1960-2008
Costs per Foot, All Wells, 1960-2008

1,000
6,000
800
4,000
600
Dollars
Thousand Dollars
5,000
3,000
400
2,000
200
1,000
0
1960
Real
Real
Nominal
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0
1960
2005
Costs per Well by Well Type, 2008
Nominal
1965
1970
1975
1980
2000
1,214
1,200
5,284
5,136
4,624
Nominal Dollars
Thousand Nominal Dollars
6,000
4,000
3,000
1,000
800
782
778
701
600
2,000
400
1,000
200
0
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Dry Holes
All
In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.
110
1995
1,400
6,331
1990
Costs per Foot by Well Type, 2008
7,000
5,000
1985
Crude Oil
2
Natural Gas

Source: Table 4.8.
Dry Holes
All
2005
Table 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, Selected Years, 1960-2008
Thousand Dollars per Well
Crude Oil
Year
1960
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1
Nominal
52.2
56.6
62.2
66.6
79.1
86.5
86.7
78.4
93.5
103.8
110.2
138.6
151.1
170.0
208.0
243.1
272.1
336.3
347.4
283.8
262.1
270.4
284.9
246.0
279.4
282.3
321.8
346.9
362.3
356.6
409.5
415.8
341.0
445.6
566.0
783.0
593.4
729.1
882.8
1,037.3
1,441.8
1,920.4
2,238.6
4,000.4
4,623.7
Natural Gas
Nominal
102.7
101.9
133.8
141.0
148.5
154.3
160.7
166.6
157.8
155.3
189.2
262.0
270.4
313.5
374.2
443.1
536.4
698.6
864.3
608.1
489.8
508.7
522.9
380.4
460.3
457.8
471.3
506.6
426.1
521.2
535.1
629.7
616.0
728.6
815.6
798.4
756.9
896.5
991.9
1,106.0
1,716.4
1,497.6
1,936.2
3,906.9
5,283.8
Dry Holes
Nominal
44.0
53.1
56.9
61.5
66.2
70.2
80.9
86.8
94.9
105.8
141.7
177.2
190.3
230.2
281.7
339.6
376.5
464.0
515.4
366.5
329.2
372.3
389.2
259.1
366.4
355.4
367.5
441.2
357.6
387.7
491.5
481.2
541.0
655.6
973.2
1,115.5
1,075.4
1,620.4
1,673.4
2,065.1
1,977.3
2,392.9
2,664.6
6,131.2
6,331.2
Dollars per Foot
All
Nominal
54.9
60.6
68.4
72.9
81.5
88.6
94.9
94.7
106.4
117.2
138.7
177.8
191.6
227.2
280.0
331.4
367.7
453.7
514.4
371.7
326.5
349.4
364.6
279.6
354.7
362.2
383.6
421.5
382.6
426.8
483.2
513.4
496.1
603.9
769.1
856.1
754.6
943.2
1,054.2
1,199.5
1,673.1
1,720.7
2,101.7
4,171.7
5,135.9
Crude Oil
Real
295.4
304.5
333.9
345.3
370.1
383.4
390.2
370.9
399.6
416.7
452.4
529.7
539.9
601.8
692.9
757.2
770.0
868.7
928.3
645.3
546.2
567.4
579.3
431.7
529.5
521.1
531.3
563.7
499.9
545.6
605.0
629.7
597.1
714.2
899.4
986.7
851.2
1,040.4
1,144.4
1,274.8
1,729.0
1,720.7
2,035.4
R3,924.6
R4,728.3

See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary.
R=Revised.
Notes: The information reported for 1965 and prior years is not strictly comparable to that in more
2
Nominal
13.22
13.94
15.04
16.61
18.63
19.28
19.29
18.41
20.77
22.54
27.82
34.17
37.35
41.16
49.72
58.29
66.36
80.40
86.34
72.65
66.32
66.78
68.35
58.35
62.28
64.92
69.17
73.75
69.50
67.52
70.57
78.09
70.60
90.48
108.88
156.45
125.96
153.72
194.55
221.13
298.45
314.36
402.45
717.13
778.14
Natural Gas
Nominal
18.57
18.35
21.75
23.05
24.05
25.58
26.75
27.70
27.78
27.46
34.11
46.23
49.78
57.57
68.37
80.66
95.16
122.17
146.20
108.37
88.80
93.09
93.02
69.55
84.65
86.86
90.73
93.10
72.83
83.15
81.90
95.97
98.67
117.55
127.94
138.42
138.39
172.05
175.78
189.95
284.78
280.03
348.36
604.06
701.42
Dry Holes 3
Nominal
10.56
11.21
12.34
12.87
12.88
13.23
15.21
16.02
17.28
19.22
26.76
33.86
36.94
43.49
52.55
64.60
73.70
90.03
104.09
79.10
67.18
73.69
76.53
51.05
66.96
67.61
67.49
83.05
67.82
72.56
86.60
84.60
95.74
115.09
157.79
182.99
181.83
271.63
284.17
345.94
327.91
429.92
479.33
1,132.09
1,213.81
All
Nominal
13.01
13.44
14.95
15.97
16.83
17.56
18.84
19.03
20.76
22.50
28.93
36.99
40.46
46.81
56.63
67.70
77.02
94.30
108.73
83.34
71.90
75.35
76.88
58.71
70.23
73.55
76.07
82.64
70.27
75.30
79.49
87.22
88.92
107.83
128.97
152.02
142.16
181.94
195.31
216.27
292.57
306.50
378.03
688.30
782.31
Real 5
69.96
67.47
72.98
75.63
76.46
76.02
77.48
74.53
77.95
80.04
94.35
110.21
114.01
124.00
140.17
154.70
161.30
180.56
196.22
144.68
120.30
122.37
122.15
90.65
104.84
105.80
105.36
110.54
91.82
96.26
99.52
106.97
107.02
127.53
150.82
175.20
160.37
200.71
212.02
229.83
302.34
306.50
366.11
R647.53
R720.23
recent surveys. Average cost is the arithmetic mean and includes all costs for drilling and equipping
wells and for surface-producing facilities. Wells drilled include exploratory and development wells; excludes
service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests. See "Development Well" and "Exploratory Well" in
Glossary.
1960. For related information, see http://www.api.org/statistics/accessapi/surveys/index.cfm.
Source: American Petroleum Institute, 2008 Joint Association Survey on Drilling Costs (January 2010).
111
Figure 4.9
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and
Exploration and Development Expenditures
Gross Additions to Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids, 1974-2009
14
12
Major U.S. Energy
CompaniesUnited States
10
Billion Barrels COE
Major U.S. Energy

CompaniesForeign
U.S. Total
8
6
4
2
0
-2
1974
1977
1980
1983
1986
1989
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development

Expenditures, 1974-2009
1992
Major U.S. Energy

40
20
Major U.S. Energy CompaniesForeign
0
1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
112
Crude oil equivalent.

Dollars per Barrel COE
Billion Dollars
80
2001
2004
2007
35
100
1998
Expenditures per Barrel of Reserve Additions, 1975-2008

Three-Year Moving Average
120
60
1995
28
21
Major U.S. Energy
14
0
1975
Major U.S. Energy

CompaniesForeign
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Note: Major U.S. Energy Companies are the top publicly-owned crude oil and natural gas
producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). See
Source: Table 4.9.
Table 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves,
and Exploration and Development Expenditures, 1974-2009
Gross Additions to Proved Reserves 1
of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids
Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Exploration and Development Expenditures
Expenditures per Barrel of Reserve Additions,

Three-Year Moving Average
Major U.S. Energy Companies 2

U.S. Total
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
United States
Million Barrels COE
NA
3,846
3,224
3,765
3,679
5,071
6,723
7,304
5,030
6,412
6,653
6,190
4,866
6,059
7,156
5,385
6,275
4,227
5,006
4,814
6,021
6,558
6,707
7,233
3,628
7,929
8,725
7,449
7,056
5,189
6,624
8,543
6,479
11,745
5,335
13,921
2,205
-634
1,663
2,210
2,383
1,378
2,590
2,848
2,482
3,427
3,941
73,129
2,178
73,698
3,359
2,798
2,979
1,772
1,332
1,945
2,703
2,929
2,131
1,367
2,798
1,197
4,392
4,271
2,232
2,216
2,825
3,818
2,175
3,560
1,848
3,939
Foreign
United States
Foreign
Billion Dollars
NA
NA
1,459
1,055
1,191
51,208
1,977
1,006
1,332
1,918
1,298
1,192
51,375
2,516
2,460
2,043
2,355
2,135
1,694
2,147
3,173
2,799
3,280
3,279
5,206
3,360
3,593
6,744
3,036
4,047
841
1,664
2,747
985
3,309
3,709
1 Gross additions to proved reserves equal annual change in proved reserves plus annual production.
See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas
Liquids" in Glossary.
2 "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural
gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS).
See
3 Crude oil equivalent: converted to Btu on the basis of annual average conversion factors. See
Appendix A.
5 Data for 1979 exclude downward revisions of 1,225 million barrels COE due to Iranian policies. Data
for 1986 exclude downward revisions due to Libyan sanctions.
6 Data for 1982 and 1984 are adjusted to exclude purchases of proved reserves associated with
8.7
7.8
9.5
10.7
11.8
21.3
26.2
33.0
39.1
27.1
48.1
28.5
17.4
14.3
21.0
15.0
15.1
14.2
10.3
10.9
12.6
12.4
14.6
21.8
24.4
13.5
48.0
33.9
R32.0
27.4
32.6
46.8
97.1
64.9
R98.2
53.4
United States
Foreign
4
Dollars per Barrel COE 3

3.8
5.3
5.2
5.6
6.4
7.8
11.0
12.4
14.2
10.7
17.3
10.1
7.5
9.2
13.0
14.1
13.6
13.7
12.9
12.5
11.9
13.2
16.6
17.9
26.4
17.5
28.8
35.9
31.4
28.2
25.3
47.3
59.2
42.7
50.3
47.7
NA
8.05
8.64
5.12
7.34
9.34
11.80
11.63
610.62
9.20
68.21
78.27
6.67
74.58
5.05
5.62
5.87
6.52
7.02
5.66
4.74
5.11
7.61
9.67
11.15
10.25
9.67
R10.45
R10.69
R12.64
12.05
20.01
21.86
R34.32
R23.17
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.64
5.73
55.75
7.45
8.74
68.78
9.28
68.63
9.03
55.28
4.69
5.18
5.94
6.34
6.50
6.55
5.33
4.63
4.51
5.10
5.18
5.22
5.98
6.01
7.19
6.91
10.71
15.38
25.09
27.64
21.62
R17.58
NA
mergers among the FRS companies.

7 Data for 1985 and 1987 exclude downward revisions of 1,477 million barrels COE and 2,396 million
barrels COE, respectively, of Alaska North Slope natural gas reserves.
Sources: Major U.S. Energy Companies: 1974-1976U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, November 1997. 1977 forwardEIA,
Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual reports. U.S. Total, Gross Additions to Proved
Reserves: 1975-1979American Gas Association, American Petroleum Institute, and Canadian
Petroleum Association (published jointly), Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids, and Natural Gas in
the United States and Canada as of December 31, 1979, Volume 34 (June 1980). 1980 forwardEIA,
U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, annual reports.
113
Figure 4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and
Development by Region
Total, 1974-2009
U.S. and Foreign, 1974-2009
U.S. Onshore and Offshore, 1977-2009
120
75
60
80
50
40
25
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Billion Dollars
80
Billion Dollars
100
Billion Dollars
160
United States
40
Onshore
20
Offshore
Foreign
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
By Region, 2009
60
53.4
Billion Dollars
45
30
13.9
15
8.6
8.8
8.3
3.0
2.9
2.1
0
United States
Canada
Europe
Eurasia
Includes all Europe except countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) in Glossary.
3
Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See Eurasia and Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) in Glossary.
4
This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180 longitude and that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.
2
114
Africa
Middle East
Other Eastern
Hemisphere4
Other Western
Hemisphere5
5
This region includes areas that are westward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180
longitude and that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.
Source: Table 4.10.
Table 4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development
by Region, 1974-2009 (Billion Dollars 1)
United States
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
Foreign
Onshore
Offshore
Total
Canada
Europe 2
Eurasia 3
Africa
NA
NA
NA
6.7
7.5
13.0
16.8
19.9
27.2
16.0
32.1
20.0
12.5
9.7
12.9
9.0
10.2
9.6
7.3
7.2
7.8
7.7
7.9
13.0
13.5
6.6
27.1
24.2
22.3
14.9
22.1
35.5
70.2
50.8
R76.8
39.8
NA
NA
NA
4.0
4.3
8.3
9.4
13.0
11.9
11.1
16.0
8.5
4.9
4.5
8.1
6.0
4.9
4.6
3.0
3.7
4.8
4.7
6.7
8.8
11.0
6.9
21.0
9.6
9.5
12.5
10.5
11.3
26.8
14.1
21.5
13.6
8.7
7.8
9.5
10.7
11.8
21.3
26.2
33.0
39.1
27.1
48.1
28.5
17.4
14.3
21.0
15.0
15.1
14.2
10.3
10.9
12.6
12.4
14.6
21.8
24.4
13.5
48.0
33.9
31.8
27.4
32.6
46.8
97.1
64.9
R98.2
53.4
NA
NA
NA
1.5
1.6
2.3
3.1
1.8
1.9
1.6
5.4
1.9
1.1
1.9
5.4
6.3
1.8
1.7
1.1
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.6
2.0
4.8
2.1
4.9
15.3
6.7
4.9
5.3
9.1
17.0
5.8
6.4
8.6
NA
NA
NA
2.5
2.6
3.0
4.3
5.0
6.3
4.3
5.5
3.7
3.2
3.0
4.3
3.5
6.6
6.8
6.8
5.5
4.4
5.2
5.6
7.1
8.6
4.1
7.5
5.4
9.8
5.7
4.4
6.1
29.0
8.1
8.4
8.3
.3
.3
.4
.5
.6
1.3
.6
.9
.9
1.3
2.1
2.0
6.3
32.4
2.9
3.2
3.0
NA
NA
NA
.7
.8
.8
1.4
2.1
2.1
1.7
3.4
1.6
1.1
.8
.8
1.0
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.4
2.0
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.1
2.7
5.5
5.1
9.2
6.9
10.7
12.9
12.5
14.2
13.9
Through 2005, includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany (the Federal Republic
of), Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, and the United Kingdom. Beginning in 2006, includes all Europe except countries that were part of
the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
3 Through 2005, includes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. as well as Albania, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, and
Slovenia. Beginning in 2006, includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia"
and "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
4 This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180 longitude and
that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.
2
Middle
East
Other
Eastern
Hemisphere 4
NA
NA
NA
.2
.3
.2
.2
.3
.4
.5
.5
.9
.3
.4
.4
.4
.6
.5
.6
.7
.4
.4
.5
.6
.9
.4
.6
.7
.8
1.0
1.3
1.5
3.1
3.2
4.5
2.1
NA
NA
NA
.3
.4
.5
.8
1.9
2.4
2.0
2.0
1.3
1.2
2.8
1.4
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.8
2.4
4.1
3.0
3.9
3.4
6.8
5.0
6.2
4.2
3.8
12.0
6.6
6.8
9.6
8.8
Other
Western
Hemisphere 5
NA
NA
NA
.4
.6
.8
1.0
1.3
1.1
.6
.5
.7
.6
.5
.7
.6
.7
.7
.6
.6
.7
.9
1.6
1.6
3.7
3.8
5.4
3.1
1.6
1.1
1.6
1.7
8.2
3.4
4.1
2.9
Total
Total
3.8
5.3
5.2
5.6
6.4
7.8
11.0
12.4
14.2
10.7
17.3
10.1
7.5
9.2
13.0
14.1
13.6
13.7
12.9
12.5
11.9
13.2
16.6
17.9
26.4
17.5
28.8
35.9
31.4
28.2
25.3
47.3
59.2
42.7
50.3
47.7
12.5
13.1
14.7
16.3
18.2
29.1
37.2
45.4
53.3
37.7
65.3
38.6
24.9
23.5
34.1
29.1
28.7
27.9
23.2
23.5
24.5
25.6
31.3
39.8
50.8
31.0
76.8
69.8
63.2
55.6
57.9
94.1
156.2
107.6
R148.6
101.0
5 This region includes areas that are westward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180 longitude and
that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). See
http://www.eia.gov/finance/performanceprofiles/CoList.html. Totals may not equal sum of components due
to independent rounding.
Sources: 1974-1976U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Office of Energy Markets and End
Use, FRS Database, November 1997. 1977 forwardEIA, Performance Profiles of Major Energy
Producers, annual reports.
115
Figure 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2010

By Key State
By Region
350
135
Billion Short Tons
105
119
300
104
Billion Short Tons
120
90
75
62
60
45
32
29
30
27
250
200
157
150
16
12
50
12
0
Montana Illinois
Wyoming
West
Virginia
KenPenntucky sylvania
West and East of the Mississippi
Colorado
Texas
Western
New Indiana
Mexico
By Mining Method
Interior
Appalachian
By Rank
350
300
300
300
250
250
350
332
232
200
150
100
200
154
150
100
Billion Short Tons
258
254
Billion Short Tons
Billion Short Tons
Ohio
350
250
99
100
23
15
231
200
178
150
100
50
50
50
43
8
West of the
Mississippi
East of the
Mississippi
Underground
Surface
Source: Table 4.11.
116
Bituminous
Subbituminous
Lignite
Anthracite
Table 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2010

(Billion Short Tons)
Anthracite
Region and State
Underground
Bituminous Coal
Surface
Subbituminous Coal
Underground
Surface
Underground
Surface
Lignite
Surface 1
Total
Underground
Surface
Total
Appalachian ..............................................
Alabama ...................................................
Kentucky, Eastern ....................................
Ohio ..........................................................
Pennsylvania ............................................
Virginia ......................................................
West Virginia ............................................
Other 2 ......................................................
4.0
.0
.0
.0
3.8
.1
.0
.0
3.3
.0
.0
.0
3.3
.0
.0
.0
68.6
.9
.8
17.4
19.0
.9
28.5
1.1
22.0
2.1
9.1
5.7
.8
.5
3.4
.3
0.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
1.1
1.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
72.6
.9
.8
17.4
22.8
1.0
28.5
1.1
26.5
3.2
9.1
5.7
4.2
.5
3.4
.3
99.0
4.1
10.0
23.1
27.0
1.5
32.0
1.4
Interior .......................................................
Illinois ........................................................
Indiana ......................................................
Iowa ..........................................................
Kentucky, Western ...................................
Missouri ....................................................
Oklahoma .................................................
Texas ........................................................
Other 3 ......................................................
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
(s)
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
(s)
116.8
87.7
8.6
1.7
15.7
1.5
1.2
.0
.3
27.1
16.5
.6
.5
3.6
4.5
.3
.0
1.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
12.6
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
12.2
0.4
116.9
87.7
8.6
1.7
15.7
1.5
1.2
.0
.4
39.7
16.5
.6
.5
3.6
4.5
.3
12.2
1.5
156.6
104.2
9.3
2.2
19.3
6.0
1.5
12.2
1.9
Western .....................................................
Alaska .......................................................
Colorado ...................................................
Montana ....................................................
New Mexico ..............................................
North Dakota ............................................
Utah ..........................................................
Washington ...............................................
Wyoming ...................................................
Other 4 ......................................................
(s)
.0
(s)
.0
(s)
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
21.2
.6
7.5
1.4
2.7
.0
4.9
.3
3.8
(s)
2.3
.1
.6
.0
.9
.0
.3
.0
.5
.0
121.2
4.8
3.7
69.6
3.4
.0
(s)
1.0
38.6
(s)
56.5
.6
.0
32.3
5.0
.0
.0
.0
18.6
(s)
29.2
(s)
4.2
15.8
.0
8.9
.0
(s)
.0
.4
142.5
5.4
11.2
71.0
6.1
.0
4.9
1.3
42.5
(s)
88.0
.7
4.8
48.1
5.9
8.9
.3
(s)
19.1
.4
230.5
6.1
16.0
119.0
12.0
8.9
5.2
1.3
61.6
.4
U.S. Total ...................................................

States East of the Mississippi River .........
States West of the Mississippi River ........
4.1
4.0
.1
3.4
3.3
(s)
206.6
180.6
26.0
51.4
42.8
8.6
121.2
.0
121.2
56.5
.0
56.5
42.9
1.1
41.8
331.9
184.6
147.3
154.2
47.2
107.0
486.1
231.8
254.3
Lignite resources are not mined underground in the United States.

Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee.
3 Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, and Michigan.
4 Arizona, Idaho, Oregon, and South Dakota.
(s)=Less than 0.05 billion short tons.
Notes: See U.S. Coal Reserves: 1997 Update on the Web Page for a description of the methodology
used to produce these data. Data represent remaining measured and indicated coal resources, analyzed
2
and on file, meeting minimum seam and depth criteria, and in the ground as of January 1, 2010. These
coal resources are not totally recoverable. Net recoverability with current mining technologies ranges from
0 percent (in far northern Alaska) to more than 90 percent. Fifty-four percent of the demonstrated reserve
base of coal in the United States is estimated to be recoverable. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Coal Reserves Database.
117
Figure 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling

Total Holes Drilled, 1958-2010
Holes Drilled, Selected Years

80
120
75
100
60
Thousands
Thousands
80
60
40
Exploration
Development
38
29
40
20
20
20
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Total Footage Drilled, 1949-2010
1968
1978
1988
1998
2008
2009
2010
Footage Drilled, Selected Years
60
32
29
28
50
24
Million Feet
Million Feet
40
30
20
20
16
16
Exploration
Development
12
8
10
19
8
4
4
1
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
In 2002 and 2003, data are withheld to avoid disclosure.
118
2009
2010
0
1950
2000
2010
1968
1978
Source: Table 4.12.
1988
1998
2008
Table 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Exploration 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Development 2
Total
Holes Drilled
Footage Drilled
Holes Drilled
Footage Drilled
Holes Drilled
Footage Drilled
Thousands
Million Feet
Thousands
Million Feet
Thousands
Million Feet
NA
NA
NA
7.34
6.23
43.98
34.29
40.41
62.60
75.07
60.46
39.61
17.75
6.97
4.29
4.80
2.88
1.99
1.82
2.03
2.09
1.51
1.62
.94
.36
.52
.58
1.12
1.94
1.37
.27
W
.00
W
NA
W
W
1.47
4.35
5.20
1.79
2.44
0.36
.57
5.27
1.40
1.16
17.98
15.69
20.36
27.96
28.95
28.07
19.60
10.87
4.23
2.09
2.26
1.42
1.10
1.11
1.28
1.43
.87
.97
.56
.22
.34
.40
.88
1.33
.89
.18
W
.00
W
NA
W
W
.82
2.20
2.54
1.05
1.46
NA
NA
NA
24.40
7.33
14.87
21.60
27.23
30.86
29.29
30.19
20.19
8.67
3.00
3.01
.72
.77
1.85
1.99
3.18
1.75
1.91
1.57
.83
1.67
.48
1.73
3.58
5.86
5.23
2.91
W
1.02
W
NA
W
W
3.43
5.00
4.16
3.89
4.77
0.05
.21
.76
4.21
.95
5.55
9.73
14.44
17.62
19.15
13.01
8.59
3.35
1.13
1.08
.29
.34
.97
.86
1.73
.80
.81
.87
.50
.89
.32
.95
2.16
3.56
3.75
2.33
W
.66
W
NA
W
W
1.89
2.95
2.55
2.69
3.44
NA
NA
NA
31.73
13.56
58.85
55.89
67.64
93.45
104.35
90.65
59.80
26.42
9.97
7.30
5.52
3.65
3.83
3.81
5.21
3.84
3.42
3.20
1.77
2.02
1.00
2.31
4.70
7.79
6.60
3.18
1.55
1.02
W
W
2.19
3.14
4.90
9.35
9.36
5.68
7.21
0.41
.78
6.03
5.61
2.11
23.53
25.42
34.80
45.58
48.10
41.08
28.19
14.22
5.36
3.17
2.55
1.76
2.07
1.97
3.01
2.23
1.68
1.84
1.06
1.11
.66
1.35
3.05
4.88
4.64
2.50
1.02
.66
W
W
1.25
1.67
2.71
5.15
5.09
3.74
4.90
1 Includes surface drilling in search of new ore deposits or extensions of known deposits and drilling at
the location of a discovery up to the time the company decides sufficient ore reserves are present to justify
commercial exploitation.
2 Includes all surface drilling on an ore deposit to determine more precisely size, grade, and
configuration subsequent to the time that commercial exploitation is deemed feasible.
NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

1949. For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/.
Sources: 1949-1981U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction Office, Statistical Data of the
Uranium Industry, January 1, 1983, Report No. GJO-100 (1983), Table VIII-5. 1982-2002U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA), Uranium Industry Annual, annual reports. 2003-2005EIA, "Domestic
Uranium Production Report," annual reports. 2006 forwardEIA, "2010 Domestic Uranium Production
Report" (June 2011), Table 1.
119
Figure 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008

Reserves
Reserves and Resources
500
446
Forward-Cost Category
(dollars per pound)
390
Reserves
Estimated Additional Resources
Speculative Resources
4.9
4
Billion Pounds Uranium Oxide
Million Pounds Uranium Oxide
400
$50 or Less
$100 or Less
300
220
198
200
179
154
3.5
3.3
3
2.2
2
1.2
100
1
63
40
50
0.5
27
0
Wyoming
New
Mexico
Arizona,
Colorado,
Utah
Texas
Others
120
$100 or Less
Forward-Cost Category
(dollars per pound)
Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota,
Virginia, and Washington.
2
$50 or Less
Notes: See Uranium Oxide in Glossary. Data are at end of year.

Source: Table 4.13.
Table 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008

(Million Pounds Uranium Oxide)
Forward-Cost 1 Category (dollars 2 per pound)
Resource Category and State
$50 or Less
Reserves 3 ..........................................................................................................................
Wyoming .........................................................................................................................
New Mexico ....................................................................................................................
Arizona, Colorado, Utah .................................................................................................
Texas ..............................................................................................................................
Others 4 ..........................................................................................................................
$100 or Less
539
220
179
63
27
50
1,227
446
390
198
40
154
Estimated Additional Resources ........................................................................................
3,310
4,850
Speculative Resources ......................................................................................................
2,230
3,480
Potential Resources 5
1 Forward costs include the costs for power and fuel, labor, materials, insurance, severance and ad
valorem taxes, and applicable administrative costs. Past capital costs are considered "sunk" costs and
mining of the individual deposits may or may not return such costs to investors. Sunk costs for such items
as exploration and land acquisition are excluded as are the costs for income taxes, profit, and the cost of
money. The forward costs used to estimate U.S. uranium ore reserves are independent of the price at
which uranium produced from the estimated reserves might be sold in the commercial market. Resource
values in forward-cost categories are cumulative; that is, the quantity at each level of forward cost includes
all reserves/resources at the lower cost in that category.
3 The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) category of uranium reserves is equivalent to the
internationally reported category of "Reasonably Assured Resources" (RAR).
4 Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Virginia,
and Washington.
5 Shown are the mean values for the distribution of estimates for each forward-cost category, rounded
to the nearest million pounds uranium oxide.
Notes: Estimates are at end of year. See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary. For updates, see
http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/reserves/ures.html.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/.
Sources: Reserves: EIA, U.S. Uranium Reserves Estimates (July 2010), Table 1. Potential
Resources: EIA estimates based on uranium resources data developed under the National Uranium
Resource Evaluation program and U.S. Geological Survey Uranium Resource Assessment Project using
methodology described in Uranium Resource Assessment by the Geological Survey: Methodology and
Plan to Update the National Resource Base, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 994 (1987).
121
Figure 4.14 Concentrating Solar Resources
Notes: Annual average direct normal solar resource data are shown. kWh/m2/Day =
kilowatthours per square meter per day.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.nrel.gov/gis/maps.html.
Sources: This map was created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the
122
Department of Energy. The data for Hawaii and the 48 contiguous States are a 10-kilometer
(km) satellite modeled dataset (SUNY/NREL, 2007) representing data from 1998-2005. The
data for Alaska are a 40-km dataset produced by the Climatological Solar Radiation Model
(NREL, 2003).
Figure 4.15 Photovoltaic Solar Resources
Notes: Annual average solar resource data are shown for a tilt=latitude collector. kWh/m2/Day =
kilowatthours per square meter per day.
Sources: This map was created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the Department of Energy. The data for Hawaii and the 48 contiguous States are a 10-kilometer (km) satellite modeled dataset (SUNY/NREL, 2007) representing data from 1998-2005. The data for
Alaska are a 40-km dataset produced by the Climatological Solar Radiation Model (NREL, 2003).
123
Figure 4.16 Onshore Wind Resources
Notes: Data are annual average wind speed at 80 meters. m/s = meters per second.
Department of Energy. Wind resource estimates developed by AWS Truepower, LLC for
124
windNavigator. See http://www.windnavigator.com and http://www.awstruepower.com.

Spatial resolution of wind resource data: 2.5 kilometers. Projection: Albers Equal Area
WGS84.
Figure 4.17 Offshore Wind Resources
Notes: Data are annual average wind speed at 90 meters. m/s = meters per second.
mph = miles per hour.

Source: This map was created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the
Department of Energy.
125
Figure 4.18 Geothermal Resources
Notes: Data are for locations of identified hydrothermal sites and favorability of deep
enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). Map does not include shallow EGS resources
located near hydrothermal sites or USGS assessment of undiscovered hydrothermal
resources. *N/A regions have temperatures less than 150C at 10 kilometers (km) depth
and were not assessed for deep EGS potential. **Temperature at depth data for deep EGS
in Alaska and Hawaii not available.
126
Department of Energy. Source data for deep EGS includes temperature at depth from 3
to 10 km provided by Southern Methodist University Geothermal Laboratory (Blackwell &
Richards, 2009) and analyses (for regions with temperatures 150C) performed by
NREL (2009). Source data for identified hydrothermal sites from USGS Assessment of
Moderate- and High-Temperature Geothermal Resources of the United States (2008).
Figure 4.19 Biomass Resources
Notes: Data are for total biomass per square kilometer. km2 = square kilometer. This
study estimates the biomass resources currently available in the United States by county. It
includes the following feedstock categories: crop residues (5 year average: 2003-2007), forest
and primary mill residues (2007), secondary mill and urban wood waste (2002), methane emissions from landfills (2008), domestic wastewater treatment (2007), and animal manure (2002).
For more information on the data development, please refer to http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/39181.pdf.
Although, the document contains the methodology for the development of an older assessment,
the information is applicable to this assessment as well. The difference is only in the datas time
period.
Source: This map was created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the Department of Energy.
127
Figure 5.0. Petroleum Flow, 2010

(Million Barrels per Day)
Unfinished oils, hydrogen/oxygenates/renewables/other hydrocarbons, and motor gasoline

and aviation gasoline blending components.
2
Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production (0.92), net imports (1.28) and adjustments
(0.08) minus stock change (0.06) and product supplied (0.02).
3
Finished petroleum products, liquefied petroleum gases, and pentanes plus.
4
Production minus refinery input.

Sources: Tables 5.1b, 5.3, 5.5, 5.8, 5.11, 5.13a5.13d, 5.16, and Petroleum Supply Monthly,
February 2011, Table 4.
131
Figure 5.1a Petroleum and Other Liquids Overview

Overview, 1949-2010
Overview, 2010
25
25
20
Estimated
Consumption
20
15
Production
10
Net Imports
19.2
15
10
9.4
9.4
Production
Net Imports
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Production, 1949-2010
Estimated Consumption
Production and Net Imports, Share of Estimated Consumption,

1949-2010
100
12
10
80
Total
Production
Percent
8
6
60
40
4
Net Imports
20
2
0
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
1950
1960
Source: Table 5.1a.
132
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Figure 5.1b Petroleum Overview

Overview, 1949-2010
Overview, 2010
25
25
20
Consumption
20
15
Production
10
19.1
15
11.8
10
7.5
5
2.3
Net Imports
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Production
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids Field Production, 1949-2010
Imports
Exports
Consumption
Trade, 1949-2010
10
12
Crude Oil
Peak: 9.64
in 1970
5.51 in
2010
8
9
Peak: 10.13
in 2005
Crude Oil Imports
6
Product Imports
Exports
0
1950
1
2
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Petroleum products supplied is used as an approximation for consumption.

Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production.
2010
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Sources: Tables 5.1b.and 5.3
133
Table 5.1a Petroleum and Other Liquids Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Production 1
Production
as Share of
Net Imports 2
Net Imports
as Share of
Thousand Barrels per Day
Percent
Percent
5,475
5,908
7,611
8,110
9,234
11,656
10,467
10,213
10,387
10,771
10,662
10,767
10,693
10,744
10,761
11,095
11,177
10,893
10,636
10,473
9,874
9,645
9,846
9,703
9,422
9,239
9,183
9,194
9,201
8,987
8,711
8,784
8,686
8,720
8,554
8,498
8,140
8,163
8,292
8,364
8,980
9,443
95.0
91.5
90.0
82.8
80.2
79.3
64.1
58.5
56.4
57.2
57.6
63.1
66.6
70.2
70.5
70.4
70.9
66.7
63.6
60.4
56.8
56.6
58.7
56.8
54.7
52.1
51.8
50.2
49.4
47.5
44.6
44.6
44.2
44.1
42.7
41.0
39.1
39.4
40.1
42.9
47.8
49.3
318
545
880
1,613
2,281
3,161
5,846
7,090
8,565
8,002
7,985
6,365
5,401
4,298
4,312
4,715
4,286
5,439
5,914
6,587
7,202
7,161
6,626
6,938
7,618
8,054
7,886
8,498
9,158
9,764
9,912
10,419
10,900
10,547
11,238
12,097
12,549
12,391
12,027
11,090
9,654
9,434
5.5
8.4
10.4
16.5
19.8
21.5
35.8
40.6
46.5
42.5
43.1
37.3
33.6
28.1
28.3
29.9
27.2
33.3
35.4
38.0
41.4
42.0
39.5
40.6
44.2
45.5
44.5
46.4
49.2
51.6
50.8
52.9
55.5
53.4
56.1
58.4
60.3
59.9
58.1
56.9
51.4
49.2
1 Crude oil (including lease condensate) production; natural gas plant liquids production; and processing
gain (refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs). Beginning in 1981, also
includes fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) production. Beginning in 2001, also includes biodiesel production.
Includes petroleum (excluding biofuels) net imports.
Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) net imports. Beginning in 2001, also
includes biodiesel net imports. Beginning in 2009, also includes a small amount of other biofuels (such as
bio-jet fuel and bio-ETBE) imports.
3 Includes petroleum and biofuels stock withdrawals (stock change multiplied by -1); petroleum
adjustments; and biodiesel balancing item.
4 Includes estimated consumption of petroleum and, beginning in 1981, estimated consumption of fuel
ethanol minus denaturant. Beginning in 2001, also includes estimated consumption of biodiesel.
Techniques used to estimate consumption vary depending on the product. Petroleum product supplied is
used as an approximation of petroleum consumption, which is adjusted to exclude biofuels in order to
prevent double counting. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption" at end
134
Balancing
Item 3
Estimated
Consumption 4

-30
5
-37
74
-2
-119
8
159
-520
74
-135
-76
-31
268
185
-52
302
-5
168
277
303
230
297
455
195
424
654
616
260
165
894
496
60
493
239
133
114
143
376
51
154
280
5,763
6,458
8,455
9,797
11,512
14,697
16,322
17,461
18,431
18,847
18,513
17,056
16,063
15,310
15,258
15,758
15,766
16,326
16,717
17,336
17,379
17,036
16,769
17,096
17,235
17,716
17,723
18,308
18,619
18,915
19,517
19,699
19,647
19,760
20,031
20,728
20,803
20,697
20,695
19,506
18,788
19,157
of Section 5 and footnote 4 on Table 1.3. Estimated consumption of fuel ethanol minus denaturant in 2010
is calculated as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel ethanol adjustments minus the
amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed. For other years, see sources in Table 10.3. Estimated
consumption of biodiesel in 2010 is calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net imports minus
biodiesel stock change. For other years, see sources in Table 10.4.
P=Preliminary.
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#petroleum for all data beginning in
1949. For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/ and http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.
Sources: Production: Tables 5.1b, 10.3, and 10.4. Net Imports: Tables 5.1b, 10.3, and 10.4; and
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), Petroleum Supply Monthly
(PSM), and earlier publicationssee sources for Table 5.1b. Balancing Item: Calculated as estimated
consumption minus production and net imports. Estimated Consumption: Tables 5.1b, 10.3, and 10.4;
and EIA, PSA, PSM, and earlier publicationssee sources for Table 5.1b.
Table 5.1b Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010

(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Field Production 1
Trade
Total
Renewable
Fuels
and
Oxygenates 5
5,477
5,906
7,578
7,965
9,014
11,297
10,007
9,736
9,862
10,275
10,135
10,170
10,180
10,199
10,246
10,509
10,581
10,231
9,944
9,765
9,159
8,914
9,076
8,868
8,582
8,388
8,322
8,295
8,269
8,011
7,731
7,733
7,670
7,626
7,400
7,228
6,895
6,841
6,847
6,734
R7,270
7,513
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R746
902
Crude Oil 2
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
48 States
5,046
5,407
6,807
7,034
7,774
9,408
8,183
7,958
7,781
7,478
7,151
6,980
6,962
6,953
6,974
7,157
7,146
6,814
6,387
6,123
5,739
5,582
5,618
5,457
5,264
5,103
5,076
5,071
5,156
5,077
4,832
4,851
4,839
4,761
4,706
4,510
4,314
4,361
4,342
4,268
R4,715
4,913
Alaska
Total
Natural Gas
Plant Liquids 4
0
0
0
2
30
229
191
173
464
1,229
1,401
1,617
1,609
1,696
1,714
1,722
1,825
1,867
1,962
2,017
1,874
1,773
1,798
1,714
1,582
1,559
1,484
1,393
1,296
1,175
1,050
970
963
984
974
908
864
741
722
683
645
599
5,046
5,407
6,807
7,035
7,804
9,637
8,375
8,132
8,245
8,707
8,552
8,597
8,572
8,649
8,688
8,879
8,971
8,680
8,349
8,140
7,613
7,355
7,417
7,171
6,847
6,662
6,560
6,465
6,452
6,252
5,881
5,822
5,801
5,746
5,681
5,419
5,178
5,102
5,064
4,950
R5,361
5,512
430
499
771
929
1,210
1,660
1,633
1,604
1,618
1,567
1,584
1,573
1,609
1,550
1,559
1,630
1,609
1,551
1,595
1,625
1,546
1,559
1,659
1,697
1,736
1,727
1,762
1,830
1,817
1,759
1,850
1,911
1,868
1,880
1,719
1,809
1,717
1,739
1,783
1,784
R1,910
2,001
1 Crude oil production on leases, and natural gas liquids (liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus, and
a small amount of finished petroleum products) production at natural gas processing plants. Excludes what
was previously classified as "Field Production" of finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending
components, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates; these are now included in "Adjustments."
3 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
4 See Table 5.10.
5 Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production.
6 Refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs. See Table 5.8.
7 Includes crude oil imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. See Table 5.17.
Beginning in 2009, also
includes biodiesel and other renewable fuels blended into petroleum.
10 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. Includes
crude oil stocks in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, but excludes distillate fuel oil stocks in the Northeast
Processing
Gain 6
Imports
-2
2
34
146
220
359
460
477
524
496
527
597
508
531
488
553
557
616
639
655
661
683
715
772
766
768
774
837
850
886
886
948
903
957
974
1,051
989
994
996
993
R979
1,064
645
850
1,248
1,815
2,468
3,419
6,056
7,313
8,807
8,363
8,456
6,909
5,996
5,113
5,051
5,437
5,067
6,224
6,678
7,402
8,061
8,018
7,627
7,888
8,620
8,996
8,835
9,478
10,162
10,708
10,852
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
12,915
R11,691
11,753
7,8
Exports
Net
Imports 8,9
Stock
Change 8,10
Adjustments 11
327
305
368
202
187
259
209
223
243
362
471
544
595
815
739
722
781
785
764
815
859
857
1,001
950
1,003
942
949
981
1,003
945
940
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
1,802
R2,024
2,312
318
545
880
1,613
2,281
3,161
5,846
7,090
8,565
8,002
7,985
6,365
5,401
4,298
4,312
4,715
4,286
5,439
5,914
6,587
7,202
7,161
6,626
6,938
7,618
8,054
7,886
8,498
9,158
9,764
9,912
10,419
10,900
10,546
11,238
12,097
12,549
12,390
12,036
11,114
R9,667
9,440
-8
-56
(s)
-83
-8
103
32
-58
548
-94
173
140
160
-147
-20
280
-103
202
41
-28
-43
107
-10
-68
151
15
-246
-151
143
239
-422
-69
325
-105
56
209
145
60
-148
195
R109
48
-38
-51
-37
-8
-10
-16
41
101
28
-20
38
64
129
121
165
228
200
197
209
249
260
338
287
386
422
523
496
528
487
495
567
532
501
527
478
564
513
522
653
852
R218
276
Petroleum
Products
Supplied 8
5,763
6,458
8,455
9,797
11,512
14,697
16,322
17,461
18,431
18,847
18,513
17,056
16,058
15,296
15,231
15,726
15,726
16,281
16,665
17,283
17,325
16,988
16,714
17,033
17,237
17,718
17,725
18,309
18,620
18,917
19,519
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
R18,771
19,148
Heating Oil Reserve. See Table 5.16.

11 An adjustment for crude oil, finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending components, fuel
ethanol, and distillate fuel oil. See EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), Appendix B.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day and greater than -500
barrels per day.
Notes: See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," and Note 2,
"Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics," at end of section. Totals may
not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: 1949-1975Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual,
annual reports. 1976-1980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,
Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2009EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual
reports. 2010EIA, PSM (February 2011).
135
Figure 5.2
Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2010
By Site
Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative)
10
8
Total
Offshore
4
Onshore
0
1960
1965
1970
48 States and Alaska
1975
800
1995
1970
1980
1990
2000
United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.

Note: Crude oil includes lease condensate.
2010
2005
2010
20
1985: 647 thousand wells
2010: 530
thousand
wells
400
0
1960
2000
Average Productivity
200
Alaska
136
1990
600
Thousand Wells
48 States
1985
Number of Producing Wells
10
1980
Barrels per Day per Well
1955
15
Peak:
18.6
in 1972
10.4
in 2010
10
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Source: Table 5.2.
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Table 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1954-2010
Geographic Location
48 States 2
Alaska
Site
Onshore
Offshore
Crude Oil
6,342
6,807
7,034
7,774
9,408
8,183
7,958
7,781
7,478
7,151
6,980
6,962
6,953
6,974
7,157
7,146
6,814
6,387
6,123
5,739
5,582
5,618
5,457
5,264
5,103
5,076
5,071
5,156
5,077
4,832
4,851
4,839
4,761
4,706
4,510
4,314
4,361
4,342
4,268
R4,715
P4,913
0
0
2
30
229
191
173
464
1,229
1,401
1,617
1,609
1,696
1,714
1,722
1,825
1,867
1,962
2,017
1,874
1,773
1,798
1,714
1,582
1,559
1,484
1,393
1,296
1,175
1,050
970
963
984
974
908
864
741
722
683
645
P599
6,209
6,645
6,716
7,140
8,060
7,012
6,868
7,069
7,571
7,485
7,562
7,537
7,538
7,492
7,596
7,722
7,426
7,153
6,949
6,486
6,273
6,245
5,953
5,606
5,291
5,035
4,902
4,803
4,560
4,132
4,049
3,879
3,743
3,668
3,536
3,466
3,401
3,407
R3,452
R3,622
E3,691
133
162
319
665
1,577
1,362
1,264
1,176
1,136
1,067
1,034
1,034
1,110
1,196
1,283
1,250
1,254
1,196
1,191
1,127
1,082
1,172
1,218
1,241
1,370
1,525
1,562
1,648
1,692
1,750
1,773
1,923
2,003
2,012
1,883
1,712
1,701
1,657
R1,498
R1,738
E1,821
6,342
6,807
7,035
7,804
9,180
8,007
7,776
7,875
8,353
8,181
8,210
8,176
8,261
8,688
8,879
8,971
8,680
8,349
8,140
7,613
7,355
7,417
7,171
6,847
6,662
6,560
6,465
6,452
6,252
5,881
5,822
5,801
5,746
5,681
5,419
5,178
5,102
5,064
4,950
R5,361
P5,512

United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
As of December 31.
4 Through 1976, average productivity is based on the average number of producing wells. Beginning in
1977, average productivity is based on the number of wells producing at end of year.
5 Included in "Crude Oil."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate.
Sources: Onshore: 1954-1975Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement
(PS), Annual, annual reports. 1976-1980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data
Reports, PS, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2009EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports.
2
3
Lease Condensate
Total
Production
Year
1954
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Crude Oil Well 1 Productivity
Type
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
457
367
356
370
355
371
386
395
387
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
6,342
6,807
7,035
7,804
9,637
8,375
8,132
8,245
8,707
8,552
8,597
8,572
8,649
8,688
8,879
8,971
8,680
8,349
8,140
7,613
7,355
7,417
7,171
6,847
6,662
6,560
6,465
6,452
6,252
5,881
5,822
5,801
5,746
5,681
5,419
5,178
5,102
5,064
4,950
R5,361
P5,512
Producing Wells 3
Average Productivity 4
Thousands
Barrels per Day per Well
511
524
591
589
531
500
499
507
517
531
548
557
580
603
621
647
623
620
612
603
602
614
594
584
582
574
574
573
562
546
534
530
529
513
510
498
497
500
526
526
530
12.4
13.0
11.9
13.2
18.1
16.8
16.3
16.3
16.8
16.1
15.7
15.4
14.9
14.4
14.3
13.9
13.9
13.5
13.3
12.6
12.2
12.1
12.1
11.7
11.4
11.4
11.3
11.3
11.1
10.8
10.9
10.9
10.9
11.1
10.6
10.4
10.3
10.1
9.4
R10.2
10.4
2010EIA estimates based on Form EIA-182, "Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Report," and crude oil
production data reported by State conservation agencies. Offshore: 1954-1969U.S. Geological
Survey, Outer Continental Shelf Statistics (June 1979). 1970-1975Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry
Surveys, PS, Annual, annual reports. 1976-1980EIA, Energy Data Reports, PS, Annual, annual
reports. 1981-2009EIA, PSA, annual reports. 2010EIA estimates based on Form EIA-182,
"Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Report," and crude oil production data reported by State conservation
agencies. Producing Wells: 1954-1975Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Crude Petroleum and
Petroleum Products" chapter. 1976-1980EIA, Energy Data Reports, PS, Annual, annual reports.
1981-1994Independent Petroleum Association of America, The Oil Producing Industry in Your State.
1995 forwardGulf Publishing Co., World Oil, February issues. All Other Data: 1954-1975Bureau
of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, PS, Annual, annual reports. 1976-1980EIA, Energy Data Reports,
PS, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2009EIA, PSA, annual reports. 2010EIA, Petroleum Supply
Monthly (February 2011).
137
Figure 5.3
Petroleum Imports by Type
Total, 1949-2010
By Selected Product, 1949-2010
15
2.0
Total
10
Crude
Oil
5
Petroleum
Products
1.5
Residual
Fuel Oil
Motor Gasoline,
Including Blending
Components
1.0
Distillate
Fuel Oil
0.5
0.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
By Product, 2010
800
758
614
600
382
400
223
200
217
150
135
90
20
0
Motor Gasoline
Blending
Components
1
Unfinished Oils
Residual
Fuel Oil
Distillate
Fuel Oil

Aviation gasoline and blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, other hydrocarbons and
oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.
LPG
Motor
Gasoline
Source: Table 5.3.
138
Jet Fuel
Asphalt and
Road Oil
Other Products
2010
Table 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Petroleum Products
Liquefied Petroleum Gases
Year
Crude
Oil 1,2
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
421
487
782
1,015
1,238
1,324
4,105
5,287
6,615
6,356
6,519
5,263
4,396
3,488
3,329
3,426
3,201
4,178
4,674
5,107
5,843
5,894
5,782
6,083
6,787
7,063
7,230
7,508
8,225
8,706
8,731
9,071
9,328
9,140
9,665
10,088
10,126
10,118
10,031
9,783
R9,013
9,163
Asphalt and
Road Oil
3
5
9
17
17
17
14
11
4
2
4
4
4
5
7
18
35
29
36
31
31
32
28
27
32
37
36
27
32
28
34
28
26
27
12
43
43
50
40
25
R22
20
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet
Fuel 3
Propane 4
Total
Motor
Gasoline 5
5
7
12
35
36
147
155
146
250
173
193
142
173
93
174
272
200
247
255
302
306
278
205
216
184
203
193
230
228
210
250
295
344
267
333
325
329
365
304
213
R225
223
(3)
(3)
(3)
34
81
144
133
76
75
86
78
80
38
29
29
62
39
57
67
90
106
108
67
82
100
117
106
111
91
124
128
162
148
107
109
127
190
186
217
103
R81
90
0
0
0
NA
NA
26
60
68
86
57
88
69
70
63
44
67
67
110
88
106
111
115
91
85
103
124
102
119
113
137
122
161
140
145
168
209
233
228
182
185
R147
120
0
0
0
4
21
52
112
130
161
123
217
216
244
226
190
195
187
242
190
209
181
188
147
131
160
183
146
166
169
194
182
215
206
183
225
263
328
332
247
253
R182
150
0
(s)
13
27
28
67
184
131
217
190
181
140
157
197
247
299
381
326
384
405
369
342
297
294
247
356
265
336
309
311
382
427
454
498
518
496
603
475
413
302
R223
135

Includes imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. See Table 5.17.
Through 1955, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Motor Gasoline." Through 1964, kerosene-type jet
fuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in
"Other Products."
4 Includes propylene.
5 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1955, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Through 1963, also
includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Through 1980, also includes motor gasoline blending
components.
6 Aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical
feedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.
Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline and
2
3
Motor Gasoline
Blending
Components
0
(7)
7
( )
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
24
42
47
83
67
72
60
57
66
62
36
41
27
20
48
166
200
209
217
223
298
311
367
451
510
669
753
789
R719
758
Residual
Fuel Oil
Unfinished
Oils
Other
Products 6
Total
206
329
417
637
946
1,528
1,223
1,413
1,359
1,355
1,151
939
800
776
699
681
510
669
565
644
629
504
453
375
373
314
187
248
194
275
237
352
295
249
327
426
530
350
372
349
R331
382
10
21
15
45
92
108
36
32
31
27
59
55
112
174
234
231
318
250
299
360
348
413
413
443
491
413
349
367
353
302
317
274
378
410
335
490
582
689
717
763
R677
614
0
1
0
(s)
10
32
95
87
95
50
54
72
48
84
94
171
130
153
146
196
183
198
198
195
219
291
276
319
360
350
375
414
393
337
373
436
473
473
375
337
R217
217
224
363
466
799
1,229
2,095
1,951
2,026
2,193
2,008
1,937
1,646
1,599
1,625
1,722
2,011
1,866
2,045
2,004
2,295
2,217
2,123
1,844
1,805
1,833
1,933
1,605
1,971
1,936
2,002
2,122
2,389
2,543
2,390
2,599
3,057
3,588
3,589
3,437
3,132
R2,678
2,590
Total
Petroleum
645
850
1,248
1,815
2,468
3,419
6,056
7,313
8,807
8,363
8,456
6,909
5,996
5,113
5,051
5,437
5,067
6,224
6,678
7,402
8,061
8,018
7,627
7,888
8,620
8,996
8,835
9,478
10,162
10,708
10,852
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
12,915
R11,691
11,753
special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.

7 Included in "Motor Gasoline."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
Notes: Includes imports from U.S. possessions and territories. Totals may not equal sum of
reports. 2010EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2011).
139
Figure 5.4
Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin
Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC, 1960-2010
Selected Countries, 2010
15
2.8
2.5
2.4
Total
Non-OPEC
6
OPEC
12
2.0
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.4
0
1960
0.3
0.3
Brazil
United
Kingdom
0.0
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Selected OPEC Countries, 1960-2010
Canada Mexico
Saudi Nigeria
Arabia
Venezuela
Russia
Iraq
Selected Non-OPEC Countries, 1960-2010

3.0
2.0
1.0
2.5
1.5
Saudi Arabia
Nigeria
Venezuela
0.5
Iraq
Canada
2.0
1.5
Mexico
1.0
United Kingdom
0.5
Russia
0.0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
0.0
1960
Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
Source: Table 5.4.
140
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Table 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2010

Selected OPEC 1 Countries
Persian
Gulf 2
Iraq
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia 3
Selected Non-OPEC 1 Countries
Venezuela
Year
1960
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
2
Total
OPEC 4
Brazil
Canada
Mexico
Russia 5
United
Kingdom
Total
Non-OPEC 4
Total
Imports
Imports From Imports From

Persian Gulf 2
OPEC 1
as Share of
as Share of
Total Imports Total Imports

NA
345
306
198
202
179
121
299
471
848
1,039
1,165
1,840
2,448
2,219
2,069
1,519
1,219
696
442
506
311
912
1,077
1,541
1,861
1,966
1,845
1,778
1,782
1,728
1,573
1,604
1,755
2,136
2,464
2,488
2,761
2,269
2,501
2,493
2,334
2,211
2,163
2,370
R1,689
1,708
22
16
26
5
0
0
0
11
4
4
0
2
26
74
62
88
28
(s)
3
10
12
46
81
83
345
449
518
0
0
0
0
0
1
89
336
725
620
795
459
481
656
531
553
484
627
450
414
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
102
251
459
713
762
1,025
1,143
919
1,080
857
620
514
302
216
293
440
535
618
815
800
703
681
740
637
627
617
698
696
657
896
885
621
867
1,140
1,166
1,114
1,134
988
R809
1,025
84
158
147
92
74
65
30
128
190
486
461
715
1,230
1,380
1,144
1,356
1,261
1,129
552
337
325
168
685
751
1,073
1,224
1,339
1,802
1,720
1,414
1,402
1,344
1,363
1,407
1,491
1,478
1,572
1,662
1,552
1,774
1,558
1,537
1,463
1,485
1,529
R1,004
1,094
911
994
1,018
938
886
875
989
1,020
959
1,135
979
702
700
690
646
690
481
406
412
422
548
605
793
804
794
873
1,025
1,035
1,170
1,300
1,334
1,480
1,676
1,773
1,719
1,493
1,546
1,553
1,398
1,376
1,554
1,529
1,419
1,361
1,189
R1,063
987
1,233
1,439
1,444
1,247
1,287
1,286
1,294
1,673
2,046
2,993
3,256
3,601
5,066
6,193
5,751
5,637
4,300
3,323
2,146
1,862
2,049
1,830
2,837
3,060
3,520
4,140
4,296
4,092
4,092
4,273
4,247
4,002
4,211
4,569
4,905
4,953
5,203
5,528
4,605
5,162
5,701
5,587
5,517
5,980
5,954
R4,776
4,885
1
0
0
2
(s)
0
2
3
5
9
2
5
0
0
0
1
3
23
47
41
60
61
50
84
98
82
49
22
20
33
31
8
9
5
26
26
51
82
116
108
104
156
193
200
258
R309
271
Percent
120
323
384
450
506
608
766
857
1,108
1,325
1,070
846
599
517
467
538
455
447
482
547
630
770
807
848
999
931
934
1,033
1,069
1,181
1,272
1,332
1,424
1,563
1,598
1,539
1,807
1,828
1,971
2,072
2,138
2,181
2,353
2,455
2,493
R2,479
2,532
See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.

Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between
Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).
3 Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone. Beginning in 1971, includes imports
from the Neutral Zone that are reported to U.S. Customs as originating in Saudi Arabia.
4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and the
Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia); beginning in 1961, also includes Qatar; beginning in
1962, also includes Libya; for 1962-2008, also includes Indonesia; beginning in 1967, also includes United
Arab Emirates; beginning in 1969, also includes Algeria; beginning in 1971, also includes Nigeria; for
1973-1992 and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November
2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1975-1994, also includes
Gabon; and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC"
are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
5 Through 1992, may include imports from republics other than Russia in the former U.S.S.R. See
16
48
45
49
45
43
42
27
21
16
8
71
87
179
318
439
533
522
685
826
748
816
699
655
747
767
755
807
830
919
984
1,068
1,244
1,385
1,351
1,324
1,373
1,440
1,547
1,623
1,665
1,662
1,705
1,532
1,302
R1,210
1,280
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
8
26
20
14
11
12
8
1
1
5
1
1
13
8
18
11
29
48
45
29
18
55
30
25
25
13
24
89
72
90
210
254
298
410
369
414
465
R563
611
(s)
(s)
6
11
28
20
11
10
9
15
8
14
31
126
180
202
176
375
456
382
402
310
350
352
315
215
189
138
230
350
458
383
308
226
250
365
366
324
478
440
380
396
272
277
236
245
256
581
1,029
1,129
1,290
1,553
1,879
2,126
2,253
2,695
3,263
2,856
2,454
2,247
2,614
2,612
2,819
2,609
2,672
2,968
3,189
3,388
3,237
3,387
3,617
3,882
3,921
3,721
3,535
3,796
4,347
4,749
4,833
5,267
5,593
5,803
5,899
6,257
6,343
6,925
7,103
7,444
8,127
8,190
7,489
6,961
R6,915
6,867
1,815
2,468
2,573
2,537
2,840
3,166
3,419
3,926
4,741
6,256
6,112
6,056
7,313
8,807
8,363
8,456
6,909
5,996
5,113
5,051
5,437
5,067
6,224
6,678
7,402
8,061
8,018
7,627
7,888
8,620
8,996
8,835
9,478
10,162
10,708
10,852
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
12,915
R11,691
11,753
NA
14.0
11.9
7.8
7.1
5.7
3.5
7.6
9.9
13.6
17.0
19.2
25.2
27.8
26.5
24.5
22.0
20.3
13.6
8.8
9.3
6.1
14.7
16.1
20.8
23.1
24.5
24.2
22.5
20.7
19.2
17.8
16.9
17.3
19.9
22.7
21.7
23.3
19.7
20.4
19.0
17.0
16.1
16.1
18.4
R14.4
14.5
68.0
58.3
56.1
49.2
45.3
40.6
37.8
42.6
43.2
47.8
53.3
59.5
69.3
70.3
68.8
66.7
62.2
55.4
42.0
36.9
37.7
36.1
45.6
45.8
47.6
51.4
53.6
53.7
51.9
49.6
47.2
45.3
44.4
45.0
45.8
45.6
45.4
46.6
39.9
42.1
43.4
40.7
40.2
44.4
46.1
R40.9
41.6
"U.S.S.R." in Glossary.
6 Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 1960-1970, Nigeria is included in "Total Non-OPEC."
Notes: The country of origin for refined petroleum products may not be the country of origin for the
crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For example, refined products imported from
refineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Middle East crude oil. Data include any
imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. Totals may not equal sum of
Sources: 1960-1975Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Crude Petroleum and Petroleum
Products" chapter. 1976-1980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,
P.A.D. Districts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2009EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual,
annual reports. 2010EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2011).
141
Figure 5.5
Petroleum Exports by Type
Total, 1949-2010

700
2,500
600
2,000
Total
1,500
1,000
Products
500
Distillate
Fuel Oil
500
400
Petroleum
Coke
300
Residual
Fuel Oil
200
100
Motor
Gasoline
Crude Oil
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
By Product, 2010
700
656
600
500
449
405
400
296
300
200
152
132
84
100
62
36
0
Distillate
Fuel Oil
1
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Motor
Gasoline

Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components,
pentanes plus, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.
142
LPG
Jet Fuel
Source: Table 5.5.
Lubricants
Special
Naphthas
Other Products
2010
Table 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Petroleum Products
Year
Crude
Oil 1
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
91
95
32
8
3
14
6
8
50
158
235
287
228
236
164
181
204
154
151
155
142
109
116
89
98
99
95
110
108
110
118
50
20
9
12
27
32
25
27
29
44
42
Distillate
Fuel Oil
34
35
67
27
10
2
1
1
1
3
3
3
5
74
64
51
67
100
66
69
97
109
215
219
274
234
183
190
152
124
162
173
119
112
107
110
138
215
268
528
587
656
Jet
Fuel 2
(2)
(2)
(s)
(s)
3
6
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
6
6
9
13
18
24
28
27
43
43
43
59
20
26
48
35
26
32
32
29
15
20
40
53
41
41
61
69
84
Propane 3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
13
13
10
9
8
10
18
31
43
30
48
28
24
31
24
28
28
33
26
24
38
28
32
25
33
53
31
55
37
28
37
45
42
53
85
109
Total
4
4
12
8
21
27
26
25
18
20
15
21
42
65
73
48
62
42
38
49
35
40
41
49
43
38
58
51
50
42
50
74
44
67
56
43
53
56
57
67
100
132
Lubricants
35
39
39
43
45
44
25
26
26
27
23
23
19
16
16
15
15
23
23
26
19
20
18
16
19
22
25
34
31
25
28
26
26
33
37
41
40
55
59
60
57
62
Motor
Gasoline 4
108
68
95
37
2
1
2
3
2
1
(s)
1
2
20
10
6
10
33
35
22
39
55
82
96
105
97
104
104
137
125
111
144
133
124
125
124
136
142
127
172
195
296

2 Through 1952, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: gasoline,
kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "Other
Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other Products."
4 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline.
5 Asphalt and road oil, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components, pentanes plus, waxes, other
hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type
jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type
jet fuel.
Petroleum
Coke
7
7
12
19
32
84
102
103
102
111
146
136
138
156
195
193
187
238
213
231
233
220
235
216
258
261
277
285
306
267
242
319
336
337
361
350
347
366
366
377
391
449
Petrochemical
Feedstocks
0
0
0
0
5
10
22
30
24
23
31
29
26
24
20
21
19
22
20
23
26
26
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Residual
Fuel Oil
35
44
93
51
41
54
15
12
6
13
9
33
118
209
185
190
197
147
186
200
215
211
226
193
123
125
136
102
120
138
129
139
191
177
197
205
251
283
330
355
415
405
Special
Naphthas
NA
NA
NA
NA
4
4
3
7
4
2
5
5
11
5
3
2
1
1
2
7
12
11
15
14
4
20
21
21
22
18
16
20
23
15
22
27
21
14
18
13
22
36
Other
Products 5
Total
Total
Petroleum
15
12
18
9
20
12
6
6
7
2
3
4
4
4
3
6
4
8
7
6
15
13
9
16
20
26
25
36
44
70
52
64
50
94
89
82
94
121
140
139
R143
152
236
210
336
193
184
245
204
215
193
204
236
258
367
579
575
541
577
631
613
661
717
748
885
861
904
843
855
871
896
835
822
990
951
975
1,014
1,021
1,133
1,292
1,405
1,773
R1,980
2,271
327
305
368
202
187
259
209
223
243
362
471
544
595
815
739
722
781
785
764
815
859
857
1,001
950
1,003
942
949
981
1,003
945
940
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
1,802
R2,024
2,312
Notes: Includes exports to U.S. possessions and territories. Totals may not equal sum of
143
Figure 5.6
Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination

By Selected Country, 1960-2010
2,500
500
2,000
400
Total Exports and Exports to Canada and Mexico, 1960-2010
Total Exports
1,500
1,000
500
Exports to
Canada and Mexico
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Mexico
300
200
Japan
Canada
100
0
1960
Netherlands
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
By Selected Country, 2010

500
447
400
300
211
200
160
122
88
100
37
36
36
19
17
17
12
Belgium
and
Luxembourg
United
Kingdom
U.S. Virgin
Islands and
Puerto Rico
South
Korea
0
Mexico
Canada
Netherlands
Brazil
Japan
Italy
France
Spain
Source: Table 5.6.
144
2010
Table 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, Selected Years, 1960-2010

Year
1960
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Belgium
and
Luxembourg
3
3
3
5
4
4
5
7
13
15
13
9
12
16
15
19
20
12
17
22
21
26
30
17
25
23
20
22
22
21
26
21
27
21
14
11
14
16
19
13
20
21
23
13
18
29
19
Brazil
4
3
4
6
8
7
7
9
9
8
9
6
7
6
8
7
4
1
8
2
1
3
3
2
3
5
2
13
20
16
15
16
29
15
18
27
28
23
26
27
27
39
42
46
54
55
122
Canada
34
26
32
50
39
44
31
26
26
31
32
22
28
71
108
100
108
89
85
76
83
74
85
83
84
92
91
70
64
72
78
73
94
119
148
119
110
112
106
141
158
181
159
189
264
223
211
France
4
3
4
3
4
4
5
5
5
5
4
6
6
9
9
13
11
15
24
23
18
11
11
12
12
11
17
27
9
8
11
11
18
11
8
7
10
13
12
9
18
14
13
24
27
34
36
Italy
Japan
6
7
7
9
8
9
10
8
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
15
14
22
32
35
39
30
39
42
29
37
48
55
38
34
35
46
32
30
30
25
34
33
29
39
32
28
39
34
41
35
37
62
40
36
51
56
47
69
39
32
34
38
27
25
25
26
34
32
38
68
104
92
108
110
120
124
122
92
95
100
105
74
76
102
95
64
84
90
62
74
69
63
56
58
54
54
R58
88
Mexico
18
27
39
36
31
33
33
42
41
44
35
42
35
24
27
21
28
26
53
24
35
61
56
70
70
89
89
99
124
110
124
125
143
207
235
261
358
274
254
228
209
268
255
279
333
322
447

Netherlands
6
10
9
13
10
9
15
11
12
13
17
23
22
17
18
28
23
42
85
49
37
44
58
39
26
36
54
72
52
45
30
33
43
41
33
38
42
45
23
15
36
25
83
81
131
192
160
South
Korea
Spain
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
10
28
15
17
27
12
25
24
17
60
66
80
74
66
57
60
50
33
49
20
14
11
10
12
16
21
16
18
23
12
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
9
8
18
24
34
29
28
39
31
36
28
33
23
21
30
30
38
34
42
30
26
40
51
54
39
42
35
42
48
54
40
36
United
Kingdom
12
12
12
62
14
13
12
9
10
9
6
7
13
9
7
7
7
5
14
8
14
14
8
6
9
9
11
13
12
10
10
14
9
12
11
9
10
13
12
6
14
21
28
9
17
33
17
U.S. Virgin
Islands and
Puerto Rico
1
1
3
7
2
2
2
3
4
3
6
12
22
11
86
170
220
220
212
144
152
162
113
136
147
141
101
117
95
108
104
123
72
18
4
8
10
4
9
9
10
11
10
10
13
20
17
Other
Total
52
54
49
65
55
59
71
67
59
56
48
40
39
39
42
45
70
97
165
202
182
193
222
179
226
249
240
330
315
370
338
317
318
340
317
276
277
312
354
421
408
449
543
629
777
R960
1,109
202
187
198
307
231
233
259
224
222
231
221
209
223
243
362
471
544
595
815
739
722
781
785
764
815
859
857
1,001
950
1,003
942
949
981
1,003
945
940
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
1,802
R2,024
2,312

145
Figure 5.7
Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2010
Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC
By Selected Country
4
14
Total
12
Canada
and Mexico
10
8
NonOPEC
6
4
OPEC
Saudi Arabia
Venezuela
2
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
0
1960
2010
Total Net Imports as Share of Consumption
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Net Imports From OPEC
100
100
75
75
Share of
Total Net Imports
2010:
50.5%
Percent
Percent
2010: 49.3%
50
1973: 34.8%
25
50
Share of
Consumption
25
1985: 27.3%
2010:
24.9%
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
146
2010
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
Source: Table 5.7.
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Table 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2010
Persian
Gulf 2
Algeria
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia 3
Venezuela
Year
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
2

Total
OPEC 4
Canada
Mexico
United
Kingdom
U.S. Virgin
Islands and
Puerto Rico
Net Imports From OPEC 1

Total
Non-OPEC 4
Total
Net
Imports
Total Net
Imports as
Share of
Consumption 5

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,215
692
439
502
309
909
1,074
1,529
1,858
1,962
1,833
1,773
1,774
1,723
1,563
1,596
1,747
2,132
2,459
2,483
2,758
2,265
2,497
2,489
2,330
2,208
2,159
2,368
R1,678
1,704
(8)
(8)
8
15
92
136
190
282
432
559
649
636
488
311
170
240
323
187
271
295
300
269
280
253
196
219
243
234
256
285
290
259
225
278
264
381
452
478
657
663
548
R490
507
(9)
(9)
(9)
102
251
459
713
762
1,025
1,143
919
1,080
857
620
512
299
215
293
440
535
618
815
800
703
680
736
637
626
616
693
693
655
896
884
620
866
1,139
1,165
1,111
1,133
982
R798
1,009
84
158
30
128
189
485
461
714
1,229
1,379
1,142
1,354
1,259
1,128
551
336
324
167
685
751
1,064
1,224
1,339
1,796
1,720
1,413
1,402
1,343
1,362
1,407
1,491
1,478
1,571
1,662
1,551
1,774
1,557
1,536
1,462
1,483
1,529
R1,003
1,093
910
994
989
1,019
959
1,134
978
702
699
689
644
688
478
403
409
420
544
602
788
801
790
861
1,016
1,020
1,161
1,296
1,322
1,468
1,667
1,758
1,700
1,480
1,530
1,540
1,387
1,364
1,548
1,515
1,392
1,339
1,162
R1,037
967
1,232
1,438
1,294
1,671
2,044
2,991
3,254
3,599
5,063
6,190
5,747
5,633
4,293
3,315
2,136
1,843
2,037
1,821
2,828
3,055
3,513
4,124
4,285
4,065
4,071
4,253
4,233
3,980
4,193
4,542
4,880
4,934
5,181
5,510
4,589
5,144
5,688
5,567
5,480
5,946
5,899
R4,675
4,769
86
297
736
831
1,082
1,294
1,038
824
571
446
359
438
347
358
397
471
547
696
721
765
916
839
843
963
1,005
1,109
1,194
1,260
1,330
1,444
1,451
1,421
1,697
1,717
1,864
1,932
1,980
2,001
2,194
2,266
2,229
R2,257
2,321
-2
21
9
-14
-20
-28
-27
29
53
155
291
418
506
497
632
802
714
755
642
585
677
678
666
707
706
809
860
943
1,101
1,178
1,116
1,063
1,015
1,166
1,292
1,395
1,456
1,394
1,450
1,254
969
R888
833

Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone
(between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).
3 Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone. Beginning in 1971, includes imports
from the Neutral Zone that are reported to U.S. Customs as originating in Saudi Arabia.
4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and the
Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia); beginning in 1961, also includes Qatar; beginning in
1962, also includes Libya; for 1962-2008, also includes Indonesia; beginning in 1967, also includes United
Arab Emirates; beginning in 1969, also includes Algeria; beginning in 1971, also includes Nigeria; for
1973-1992 and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November
2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1975-1994, also includes
Gabon; and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC"
are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
5 Calculated by dividing total net petroleum imports by total U.S. petroleum products supplied
(consumption).
6 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total net petroleum imports.
7 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total U.S. petroleum product
Share of
Total Net
Imports 6
Share of
Consumption 7
Percent
-12
-11
-1
1
-1
6
1
7
19
117
173
196
169
370
442
374
388
295
342
346
306
206
179
125
219
340
448
369
299
214
239
356
356
311
467
434
366
375
244
268
219
R212
239
34
45
270
365
428
426
475
484
488
560
436
353
256
169
154
178
184
114
152
158
117
212
213
153
180
175
246
170
262
298
305
284
297
268
224
279
321
317
318
336
307
257
238
381
843
1,867
2,030
2,475
3,034
2,638
2,248
2,027
2,375
2,255
2,352
2,071
2,086
2,163
2,469
2,679
2,465
2,611
2,859
3,074
3,078
2,876
2,561
2,867
3,365
3,822
3,906
4,305
4,616
4,884
4,978
5,238
5,390
5,958
6,094
6,409
6,982
6,910
6,090
5,214
R4,991
4,672
1,613
2,281
3,161
3,701
4,519
6,025
5,892
5,846
7,090
8,565
8,002
7,985
6,365
5,401
4,298
4,312
4,715
4,286
5,439
5,914
6,587
7,202
7,161
6,626
6,938
7,618
8,054
7,886
8,498
9,158
9,764
9,912
10,419
10,900
10,546
11,238
12,097
12,549
12,390
12,036
11,114
R9,667
9,440
16.5
19.8
21.5
24.3
27.6
34.8
35.4
35.8
40.6
46.5
42.5
43.1
37.3
33.6
28.1
28.3
30.0
27.3
33.4
35.5
38.1
41.6
42.2
39.6
40.7
44.2
45.5
44.5
46.4
49.2
51.6
50.8
52.9
55.5
53.4
56.1
58.4
60.3
59.9
58.2
57.0
R51.5
49.3
76.4
63.0
40.9
45.1
45.2
49.6
55.2
61.6
71.4
72.3
71.8
70.5
67.5
61.4
49.7
42.7
43.2
42.5
52.0
51.7
53.3
57.3
59.8
61.3
58.7
55.8
52.6
50.5
49.3
49.6
50.0
49.8
49.7
50.5
43.5
45.8
47.0
44.4
44.2
49.4
53.1
R48.4
50.5
12.6
12.5
8.8
11.0
12.5
17.3
19.5
22.1
29.0
33.6
30.5
30.4
25.2
20.6
14.0
12.1
13.0
11.6
17.4
18.3
20.3
23.8
25.2
24.3
23.9
24.7
23.9
22.5
22.9
24.4
25.8
25.3
26.3
28.0
23.2
25.7
27.4
26.8
26.5
28.8
30.3
R24.9
24.9
supplied (consumption).
8 Algeria joined OPEC in 1969. For 1960-1968, Algeria is included in "Total Non-OPEC."
9 Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 1960-1970, Nigeria is included in "Total Non-OPEC."
Notes: The country of origin for refined petroleum products may not be the country of origin for the
crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For example, refined products imported from
refineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Middle East crude oil. Net imports equal
imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. Data include any imports
for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. Totals may not equal sum of components
Products" chapter. 1976-1980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,
P.A.D. Districts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2009EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual,
147
Figure 5.8
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, 1949-2010
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs
Refinery and Blender Net Production of Selected Products

16
16
Crude Oil
12
12
8
Motor Gasoline
Distillate Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel

and Other Liquids1
Residual Fuel Oil
0
1950
148
1960
See Table 5.8, footnote 4.
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
1950
1960
Source: Table 5.8.
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Table 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs 1
Year
Crude
Oil 3
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
5,327
5,739
7,480
8,067
9,043
10,870
12,442
13,416
14,602
14,739
14,648
13,481
12,470
11,774
11,685
12,044
12,002
12,716
12,854
13,246
13,401
13,409
13,301
13,411
13,613
13,866
13,973
14,195
14,662
14,889
14,804
15,067
15,128
14,947
15,304
15,475
15,220
15,242
15,156
14,648
R14,336
14,722
Natural Gas
Plant
Liquids
Other
Liquids 4
234
259
345
455
618
763
710
725
673
639
510
462
524
515
460
500
509
479
466
511
499
467
472
469
491
465
471
450
416
403
372
380
429
429
419
422
441
501
505
485
R485
435
28
19
32
61
88
121
72
59
74
92
78
81
488
572
505
581
681
711
667
610
613
713
768
745
917
691
775
843
832
853
927
849
825
941
791
866
1,149
1,238
1,337
2,019
R2,082
2,207
Refinery and Blender Net Production 2
Total
5,588
6,018
7,857
8,583
9,750
11,754
13,225
14,200
15,349
15,470
15,236
14,025
13,482
12,861
12,650
13,126
13,192
13,906
13,987
14,367
14,513
14,589
14,541
14,626
15,021
15,023
15,220
15,487
15,909
16,144
16,103
16,295
16,382
16,316
16,513
16,762
16,811
16,981
16,999
17,153
R16,904
17,364
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
155
179
251
286
357
428
408
391
431
482
467
393
340
329
372
386
401
410
434
443
424
449
430
419
451
451
467
459
485
498
505
525
485
492
496
508
512
506
456
410
359
378
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet
Fuel 5
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Motor
Gasoline 6
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Still
Gas
Other
Products 7
934
1,093
1,651
1,823
2,096
2,454
2,653
2,924
3,277
3,167
3,152
2,661
2,613
2,606
2,456
2,680
2,686
2,796
2,729
2,857
2,899
2,925
2,962
2,974
3,132
3,205
3,155
3,316
3,392
3,424
3,399
3,580
3,695
3,592
3,707
3,814
3,954
4,040
4,133
4,294
R4,048
4,226
(5)
(5)
155
241
523
827
871
918
973
970
1,012
999
968
978
1,022
1,132
1,189
1,293
1,343
1,370
1,403
1,488
1,438
1,399
1,422
1,448
1,416
1,515
1,554
1,526
1,565
1,606
1,530
1,514
1,488
1,547
1,546
1,481
1,448
1,493
R1,396
1,418
64
80
119
212
293
345
311
340
352
355
340
330
315
270
328
363
391
417
449
499
554
499
536
607
592
611
654
662
691
674
684
705
667
671
658
645
573
627
655
630
R623
651
2,572
2,735
3,648
4,126
4,507
5,699
6,518
6,838
7,031
7,167
6,837
6,492
6,400
6,336
6,338
6,453
6,419
6,752
6,841
6,956
6,963
6,959
6,975
7,058
7,304
7,181
7,459
7,565
7,743
7,892
7,934
7,951
8,022
8,183
8,194
8,265
8,318
8,364
8,358
8,548
R8,786
9,046
46
47
78
164
236
296
354
356
369
369
376
370
390
410
420
439
455
506
512
544
542
552
568
596
619
622
630
664
689
712
713
727
767
781
798
836
835
848
823
818
R799
812
1,164
1,165
1,152
908
736
706
1,235
1,377
1,754
1,667
1,687
1,580
1,321
1,070
852
891
882
889
885
926
954
950
934
892
835
826
788
726
708
762
698
696
721
601
660
655
628
635
673
620
R598
582
226
229
319
354
395
483
523
541
572
603
598
581
565
554
550
559
584
641
643
670
681
673
651
659
653
657
647
654
661
656
656
659
670
667
702
704
684
709
697
670
R664
670
425
492
518
616
827
876
811
993
1,114
1,186
1,296
1,215
1,078
839
801
776
743
818
791
758
755
778
761
796
780
790
778
764
836
886
835
793
729
771
784
838
752
764
752
664
R608
647
See "Refinery and Blender Net Inputs" in Glossary.

See "Refinery and Blender Net Production" in Glossary.
4 Unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, and hydrogen. Beginning in 1981, also includes aviation
and motor gasoline blending components (net). Beginning in 1993, also includes oxygenates (net).
5 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71
percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jet
"Other Products."
6 Finished motor gasoline.
Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas.
Beginning in 1993, also includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
2
Total
5,587
6,019
7,891
8,729
9,970
12,113
13,685
14,677
15,874
15,966
15,763
14,622
13,990
13,391
13,138
13,679
13,750
14,522
14,626
15,022
15,175
15,272
15,256
15,398
15,787
15,791
15,994
16,324
16,759
17,030
16,989
17,243
17,285
17,273
17,487
17,814
17,800
17,975
17,994
18,146
R17,882
18,428
Processing
Gain
-2
2
34
146
220
359
460
477
524
496
527
597
508
531
488
553
557
616
639
655
661
683
715
772
766
768
774
837
850
886
886
948
903
957
974
1,051
989
994
996
993
R979
1,064
7 Kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, waxes, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964,
also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline and special
naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
149
Figure 5.9
Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2010
Number of Operable Refineries
Utilization
100
400
324 in 1981
80
86.2% in 2010
Percent
Total Units
300
200
100
148 in 2010
60
68.6% in 1981
40
20
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Capacity
20
Capacity
15
Unused Capacity
10
Gross Input to Distillation Units
1955
Operable refineries capacity on January 1.
150
1965
1975
1985
Source: Table 5.9.
1995
2005
2010
Table 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Operable Refineries Capacity
Operable
Refineries 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
On January 1
Number
336
320
296
309
293
276
279
276
282
296
308
319
324
301
258
247
223
216
219
213
204
205
202
199
187
179
175
170
164
163
159
158
155
153
149
149
148
149
149
150
150
148
Annual Average 2
6,231
6,223
8,386
9,843
10,420
12,021
14,961
15,237
16,398
17,048
17,441
17,988
18,621
17,890
16,859
16,137
15,659
15,459
15,566
15,915
15,655
15,572
15,676
15,696
15,121
15,034
15,434
15,333
15,452
15,711
16,261
16,512
16,595
16,785
16,757
16,894
17,125
17,339
17,443
17,594
17,672
17,584
1 Through 1956, includes only those refineries in operation on January 1; beginning in 1957, includes all
"operable" refineries on January 1. See "Operable Refineries" in Glossary.
2 Average of monthly capacity data.
3 See Note 3, "Gross Input to Distillation Units," at end of section.
4 Through 1980, utilization is calculated by dividing gross input to distillation units by one-half of the sum
of the current years January 1 capacity and the following years January 1 capacity. Beginning in 1981,
utilization is calculated by dividing gross input to distillation units by the annual average capacity.
Sources: Operable Refineries and Operable Refineries Capacity: 1949-1961Bureau of Mines
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
18,603
17,432
16,668
16,035
15,671
15,459
15,642
15,927
15,701
15,623
15,707
15,460
15,143
15,150
15,346
15,239
15,594
15,802
16,282
16,525
16,582
16,744
16,748
16,974
17,196
17,385
17,450
17,607
R17,678
17,590
Gross Input
to Distillation Units 3
Utilization 4
Percent
5,556
5,980
7,820
8,439
9,557
11,517
12,902
13,884
14,982
15,071
14,955
13,796
12,752
12,172
11,947
12,216
12,165
12,826
13,003
13,447
13,551
13,610
13,508
13,600
13,851
14,032
14,119
14,337
14,838
15,113
15,080
15,299
15,352
15,180
15,508
15,783
15,578
15,602
15,450
15,027
R14,659
15,162
89.2
92.5
92.2
85.1
91.8
92.6
85.5
87.8
89.6
87.4
84.4
75.4
68.6
69.9
71.7
76.2
77.6
82.9
83.1
84.7
86.6
87.1
86.0
87.9
91.5
92.6
92.0
94.1
95.2
95.6
92.6
92.6
92.6
90.7
92.6
93.0
90.6
89.7
88.5
85.3
R82.9
86.2
Information Circular, "Petroleum Refineries, Including Cracking Plants in the United States."
1962-1977Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Refineries, Annual, annual reports.
1978-1981U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Refineries in
the United States. 1982-2009EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports. 2010EIA,
Refinery Capacity Report (June 2010), Table 1. Gross Input to Distillation Units: 1949-1966Bureau
of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas Liquids" and "Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products"
chapters. 1967-1977Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Refineries, Annual, annual
reports. 1978-1980EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Refineries in the United States and U.S.
Territories. 1981-2009EIA, PSA, annual reports. 2010EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly
(January-December 2010 issues). Utilization: 1949-1980Calculated. 1981-2009EIA, PSA,
annual reports. 2010Calculated.
151
Figure 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production

Total, 1949-2010
By Product, 2010
2,500
1,000
2,000
800
833
NGPL
1,500
LPG
1,000
500
600
565
400
271
184
200
148
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Ethane
Propane
Pentanes
Plus
Isobutane
Normal
Butane
900
Ethane
600
Propane
Pentanes Plus
300
Isobutane
Normal Butane
0
1950
1
2
152
1955

1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
Source: Table 5.10.
1995
2000
2005
2010
Table 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
Finished
Petroleum
Products 1
Ethane 2
53
66
68
47
41
25
7
6
5
3
26
23
18
11
12
4
14
4
4
4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8
12
34
51
92
201
337
365
397
406
400
396
397
426
456
505
493
485
499
501
466
477
530
541
556
559
573
627
637
607
675
717
692
700
625
686
649
676
709
701
R769
833
Isobutane
11
13
30
45
67
84
90
82
81
75
104
105
117
109
100
99
127
128
141
144
149
151
169
189
192
195
185
192
191
181
187
188
198
201
183
168
168
163
176
173
188
184
Normal
Butane 3
Propane 2,3
Total
Pentanes
Plus 4
Total
61
69
120
161
185
248
237
227
223
210
212
210
224
204
217
203
171
157
157
167
151
149
150
137
142
136
151
150
144
148
155
160
133
131
129
152
134
136
128
134
R136
148
74
101
205
291
390
561
552
521
513
491
500
494
519
519
541
527
521
508
503
506
471
474
487
499
513
510
519
525
528
513
529
539
538
549
506
526
499
501
507
512
R546
565
155
195
390
549
734
1,095
1,217
1,195
1,214
1,182
1,216
1,205
1,256
1,258
1,314
1,334
1,313
1,277
1,300
1,319
1,237
1,250
1,336
1,365
1,402
1,400
1,428
1,494
1,499
1,450
1,547
1,605
1,562
1,581
1,444
1,532
1,451
1,476
1,520
1,520
R1,639
1,731
223
238
313
333
434
540
409
403
399
382
342
345
334
282
233
292
282
269
291
302
309
309
324
332
334
326
335
336
318
309
303
306
307
300
275
277
266
263
263
264
R271
271
430
499
771
929
1,210
1,660
1,633
1,604
1,618
1,567
1,584
1,573
1,609
1,550
1,559
1,630
1,609
1,551
1,595
1,625
1,546
1,559
1,659
1,697
1,736
1,727
1,762
1,830
1,817
1,759
1,850
1,911
1,868
1,880
1,719
1,809
1,717
1,739
1,783
1,784
R1,910
2,001
Motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, special naphthas, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products.
Reported production of ethane-propane mixtures has been allocated 70 percent ethane and 30
percent propane.
3 Reported production of butane-propane mixtures has been allocated 60 percent butane and 40
percent propane.
4 Through 1983, "Pentanes Plus" was reported separately as natural gasoline, isopentane, and plant
condensate.
2
Products" chapter. 1969-1975Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement,
Annual, annual reports. 1976-1980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data
Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2009EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual,
153
Figure 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

10
8
Motor Gasoline
4
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG
2
Residual Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
By Product, 2010
1980
2000
40
Percent
3.8
2.1
1.9
1.4
0.6
Motor
Gasoline
2005
2010
Distillate
Fuel Oil
LPG
Jet
Fuel
47% in 2010
30
20
10
0.4
0
Residual Petroleum
Coke
Fuel Oil
Other

Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes
plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneous
products, and crude oil burned as fuel.
0
1950
1960
1970
Source: 5.11.
154
1995
50
9.0
1990
Motor Gasolines Share of Total Petroleum Products Supplied,

1949-2010
10
1985
1980
1990
2000
2010
Table 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Asphalt and
Road Oil
157
180
254
302
368
447
419
411
436
479
476
396
342
342
373
408
425
448
467
468
453
483
444
454
474
484
486
484
505
521
547
525
519
512
503
537
546
521
494
417
R360
362
Aviation
Gasoline
93
108
192
161
120
55
39
37
38
39
38
35
31
25
26
24
27
32
25
27
26
24
23
22
21
21
21
20
22
19
21
20
19
18
16
17
19
18
17
15
14
15
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel
902
1,082
1,592
1,872
2,126
2,540
2,851
3,133
3,352
3,432
3,311
2,866
2,829
2,671
2,690
2,845
2,868
2,914
2,976
3,122
3,157
3,021
2,921
2,979
3,041
3,162
3,207
3,365
3,435
3,461
3,572
3,722
3,847
3,776
3,927
4,058
4,118
4,169
4,196
3,945
3,631
3,794
(1)
(1)
154
371
602
967
1,001
987
1,039
1,057
1,076
1,068
1,007
1,013
1,046
1,175
1,218
1,307
1,385
1,449
1,489
1,522
1,471
1,454
1,469
1,527
1,514
1,578
1,599
1,622
1,673
1,725
1,655
1,614
1,578
1,630
1,679
1,633
1,622
1,539
R1,393
1,424
Kerosene
281
323
320
271
267
263
159
169
175
175
188
158
127
129
127
115
114
98
95
96
84
43
46
41
50
49
54
62
66
78
73
67
72
43
55
64
70
54
32
14
R18
20
Propane
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
776
783
830
821
778
849
754
773
798
751
833
883
831
924
923
990
917
982
1,032
1,006
1,082
1,096
1,136
1,170
1,120
1,246
1,235
1,142
1,248
1,215
1,276
1,229
1,215
1,235
1,154
R1,160
1,139
Total
Lubricants
Motor
Gasoline 3
187
234
404
621
841
1,224
1,333
1,404
1,422
1,413
1,592
1,469
1,466
1,499
1,509
1,572
1,599
1,512
1,612
1,656
1,668
1,556
1,689
1,755
1,734
1,880
1,899
2,012
2,038
1,952
2,195
2,231
2,044
2,163
2,074
2,132
2,030
2,052
2,085
1,954
R2,051
2,104
91
106
116
117
129
136
137
152
160
172
180
159
153
140
146
156
145
142
161
155
159
164
146
149
152
159
156
151
160
168
169
166
153
151
140
141
141
137
142
131
R118
130
2,410
2,616
3,463
3,969
4,593
5,785
6,675
6,978
7,177
7,412
7,034
6,579
6,588
6,539
6,622
6,693
6,831
7,034
7,206
7,336
7,328
7,235
7,188
7,268
7,476
7,601
7,789
7,891
8,017
8,253
8,431
8,472
8,610
8,848
8,935
9,105
9,159
9,253
9,286
8,989
R8,997
9,034
percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includes
naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,
naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other."
3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also
includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products.
Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels per
day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primary
and secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes
crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
5 Percent change from previous year calculated from data in thousand barrels per year.
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other
40
41
67
149
202
212
247
243
268
256
246
237
252
248
229
247
264
268
299
312
307
339
328
382
366
361
365
379
377
447
477
406
437
463
455
524
515
522
490
464
R427
376
1,359
1,517
1,526
1,529
1,608
2,204
2,462
2,801
3,071
3,023
2,826
2,508
2,088
1,716
1,421
1,369
1,202
1,418
1,264
1,378
1,370
1,229
1,158
1,094
1,080
1,021
852
848
797
887
830
909
811
700
772
865
920
689
723
622
R511
550
243
250
366
435
657
866
1,001
1,145
1,294
1,391
1,546
1,581
1,176
973
1,042
1,120
1,032
1,105
1,176
1,286
1,284
1,373
1,299
1,434
1,373
1,454
1,381
1,518
1,605
1,508
1,532
1,458
1,481
1,474
1,579
1,657
1,605
1,640
1,593
1,408
R1,251
1,340
Total
5,763
6,458
8,455
9,797
11,512
14,697
16,322
17,461
18,431
18,847
18,513
17,056
16,058
15,296
15,231
15,726
15,726
16,281
16,665
17,283
17,325
16,988
16,714
17,033
17,237
17,718
17,725
18,309
18,620
18,917
19,519
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
R18,771
19,148
Percentage
Change From
Previous Year 5
12.1
9.0
3.1
4.2
4.0
-2.0
7.3
5.3
2.3
-1.8
-7.6
-6.1
-4.7
-.4
3.5
-.3
3.5
2.4
4.0
(s)
-1.9
-1.6
2.2
.9
2.8
(s)
3.6
1.4
1.6
3.2
1.2
-.5
.6
1.4
3.8
.1
-.6
(s)
-5.5
R-4.0
2.0
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. =Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent and
greater than -0.05 percent.
Notes: For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption. See
Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. See Note 2,
"Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics," at end of section. Totals
may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
155
Figure 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied

Petroleum Products Supplied as Share
of Total Energy Consumption, 1949-2010
60
Total Petroleum and Motor Gasoline Product Supplied,

1949-2010
50
Peak
48% in 1977
40
Percent
46% in 1973
37% in 1949
38%
in 2010
20
Quadrillion Btu
40
Total Petroleum
30
20
Motor Gasoline
10
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
By Product, 2010
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
20
20
17.2
15
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
15
10
8.1
4.0
2.9
10
Distillate Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel
2.7
1.3
0.9
Residual Fuel Oil
0
Motor Distillate
Gasoline Fuel Oil
Motor Gasoline
Jet
Fuel
LPG
Residual Asphalt
and
Fuel Oil
Road Oil
Other

Aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes plus, petrochemical
feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneous
products, and crude burned as fuel.
1950
1960
156
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Table 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Trillion Btu)
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Asphalt and
Road Oil
380
435
615
734
890
1,082
1,014
998
1,056
1,160
1,153
962
828
829
904
992
1,029
1,086
1,130
1,136
1,096
1,170
1,077
1,102
1,149
1,173
1,178
1,176
1,224
1,263
1,324
1,276
1,257
1,240
1,220
1,304
1,323
1,261
1,197
1,012
R873
877
Aviation
Gasoline
172
199
354
298
222
100
71
67
70
71
70
64
56
47
48
44
50
59
46
49
48
45
42
41
38
38
40
37
40
35
39
36
35
34
30
31
35
33
32
28
R27
27
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel 1
1,918
2,300
3,385
3,992
4,519
5,401
6,061
6,679
7,126
7,296
7,039
6,110
6,014
5,679
5,720
6,065
6,098
6,196
6,328
6,655
6,712
6,422
6,210
6,351
6,466
6,723
6,818
7,175
7,304
7,359
7,595
7,935
8,179
8,028
8,349
8,652
8,755
8,864
8,921
8,411
7,720
8,066
(1)
(1)
301
739
1,215
1,973
2,047
2,026
2,126
2,164
2,204
2,190
2,062
2,072
2,141
2,414
2,497
2,682
2,843
2,982
3,059
3,129
3,025
3,001
3,028
3,154
3,132
3,274
3,308
3,357
3,462
3,580
3,426
3,340
3,265
3,383
3,475
3,379
3,358
3,193
R2,883
2,946
Kerosene
582
668
662
563
553
544
329
351
363
363
389
329
263
266
263
239
236
203
196
200
174
88
96
86
103
101
112
128
136
162
151
140
150
90
113
133
144
111
67
30
R36
41
Propane 2
Total
Lubricants
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,086
1,097
1,166
1,150
1,089
1,189
1,059
1,082
1,117
1,051
1,170
1,236
1,163
1,294
1,296
1,387
1,284
1,374
1,449
1,409
1,515
1,534
1,594
1,638
1,568
1,745
1,734
1,598
1,747
1,701
1,791
1,721
1,701
1,729
1,620
R1,624
1,595
274
343
592
912
1,232
1,689
1,807
1,907
1,908
1,892
2,138
1,976
1,949
1,978
1,990
2,071
2,103
R2,010
R2,152
2,213
2,243
2,059
R2,228
2,328
2,282
2,494
2,512
2,660
2,690
2,575
2,897
2,945
2,697
2,852
R2,748
2,824
2,682
R2,700
2,733
2,574
R2,664
2,732
201
236
258
259
286
301
304
338
354
380
397
354
339
309
324
346
322
315
356
343
352
362
324
330
337
352
346
335
354
371
375
369
338
334
309
313
312
303
313
291
R262
289
percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includes
naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,
naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other."
Motor
Gasoline 3
4,621
5,015
6,640
7,631
8,806
11,091
12,798
13,415
13,760
14,211
13,487
12,648
12,631
12,538
12,697
12,867
13,098
13,487
13,816
14,105
14,050
13,872
13,781
13,973
14,335
14,511
14,825
15,064
15,254
15,701
16,036
16,155
16,373
16,819
16,981
17,379
17,444
17,622
17,689
17,168
R17,135
17,207
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other 4
87
90
147
328
444
465
542
537
589
562
541
522
553
545
503
545
582
590
657
687
676
745
722
843
804
793
802
837
829
982
1,048
895
961
1,018
1,000
1,156
1,133
1,148
1,077
1,022
R938
826
3,118
3,482
3,502
3,517
3,691
5,057
5,649
6,445
7,047
6,936
6,485
5,772
4,791
3,939
3,260
3,151
2,759
3,255
2,901
3,170
3,144
2,820
2,657
2,518
2,479
2,342
1,955
1,952
1,828
2,036
1,905
2,091
1,861
1,605
1,772
1,990
2,111
1,581
1,659
1,432
R1,173
1,263
530
546
798
947
1,390
1,817
R2,109
R2,413
R2,724
R2,928
R3,217
R3,278
R2,446
R2,030
R2,202
R2,319
R2,152
R2,315
R2,439
R2,682
R2,656
R2,839
2,685
R2,951
R2,822
2,988
R2,837
R3,121
3,298
3,093
R3,129
R2,979
3,056
R3,040
R3,264
R3,428
R3,318
3,416
R3,313
R2,941
R2,611
2,797
Total
11,883
13,315
17,255
19,919
23,246
29,521
R32,732
R35,178
R37,124
R37,963
R37,122
R34,205
R31,932
30,232
R30,052
R31,053
R30,925
R32,198
R32,864
R34,223
R34,209
R33,552
R32,846
R33,525
R33,842
34,670
R34,556
R35,759
R36,265
36,934
37,960
R38,402
38,333
R38,400
R39,051
R40,593
R40,732
40,420
R40,358
R38,101
R36,321
37,070
Percentage
Change From
Previous Year
12.1
8.9
3.1
4.2
4.2
-2.2
7.5
5.5
2.3
-2.2
-7.9
-6.6
-5.3
-.6
3.3
-.4
4.1
2.1
4.1
(s)
-1.9
-2.1
2.1
.9
2.4
-.3
3.5
1.4
1.8
2.8
1.2
-.2
.2
1.7
R3.9
.3
-.8
-.2
-5.6
R-4.7
2.1
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. =Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent and
greater than -0.05 percent.
Notes: For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption. See
Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. See Note 2,
"Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics," at end of section. Totals
Sources: Tables 5.11, A1, and A3.
157
Figure 5.13a Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2010
15
Transportation
10
Industrial
Electric Power
Residential and Commercial
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
By Sector, 2010
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Sector Shares, 1949 and 2010
15
75
13.5
1949
71
2010
54
50
Percent
10
28
25
4.4
23
10
0.7
0.4
0.2
0
Residential Commercial
Industrial Transportation
Electric
Power
Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.

Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell
electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
2
158
0
Residential
Commercial
Note: See related Figure 5.13b.

Sources: Tables 5.13a5.13d.
Industrial
Transportation
Electric
Power
Figure 5.13b Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Product by Sector, 1949-2010

Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Products
Industrial Sector, Selected Products
1.5
2.0
LPG
Distillate Fuel Oil
1.0
0.5
LPG
1.5
1.0
Distillate Fuel Oil
0.5
Residual Fuel
Oil
Kerosene
Petroleum Coke
Asphalt and Road Oil
0.0
0.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Transportation Sector, Selected Products
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
1990
2000
2010
Electric Power Sector
12
2.0
9
Motor Gasoline
Distillate Fuel Oil
Petroleum
1.5
1.0
0.5
Jet Fuel
0.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010

Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
2
1950
1960
1970
1980
Note: See related Figure 5.13a.

Sources: Tables 5.13a5.13d.
159
Table 5.13a Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Residential Sector
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Distillate
Fuel Oil
329
390
562
736
805
883
850
932
938
917
765
617
540
494
435
512
514
523
544
558
546
460
438
460
458
451
426
434
411
363
389
424
427
404
425
433
402
335
342
R314
R283
295
Kerosene
140
168
179
171
161
144
78
89
81
74
64
51
41
46
41
77
77
59
57
69
57
31
35
31
37
31
36
43
45
52
54
46
46
29
34
41
40
32
21
10
R13
15
Commercial Sector
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Distillate Fuel Oil

Total
CHP 1
Other 2
Total
84
104
144
217
275
392
365
379
371
360
243
222
213
206
245
199
224
220
244
243
273
252
270
263
278
274
282
334
325
303
376
395
375
384
389
364
366
318
345
394
R391
401
553
662
885
1,123
1,242
1,419
1,293
1,400
1,390
1,351
1,072
890
794
746
721
788
815
801
845
870
876
742
743
754
773
757
743
811
781
718
819
865
849
817
848
839
809
685
708
R718
R687
711
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
3
3
2
1
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
104
123
177
232
251
276
276
308
318
313
274
243
215
207
306
345
297
293
286
281
267
249
241
236
230
233
223
225
206
199
204
228
236
207
225
218
208
188
180
R173
R194
202
104
123
177
232
251
276
276
308
318
313
274
243
215
207
306
345
297
293
286
281
270
252
243
238
232
236
225
227
209
202
206
230
239
209
226
221
210
189
181
R174
R194
203
1 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
2 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP."
4 Included in "Other."
Notes: For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table
5.11. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption. See Note 1,
160
Kerosene
19
23
24
23
26
30
24
21
25
26
38
20
34
15
54
17
16
24
24
13
13
6
6
5
7
9
11
10
12
15
13
14
15
8
9
10
10
7
4
2
2
2
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
22
28
38
58
74
102
92
97
96
94
68
63
62
58
69
59
68
66
72
71
78
73
77
76
78
77
78
87
86
84
100
107
102
101
112
108
94
88
87
113
R99
102
Residual Fuel Oil

Motor
Gasoline 3
Petroleum
Coke
48
52
69
35
40
45
46
50
52
56
54
56
48
46
53
56
50
55
58
57
53
58
44
41
15
13
10
14
22
20
15
23
20
24
32
23
24
26
32
24
R28
28
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
CHP 1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
R1
(s)
Other 2
153
185
209
243
281
311
214
247
256
232
220
245
182
174
91
115
99
126
114
115
97
97
91
80
73
73
61
58
47
35
30
38
28
34
46
51
48
31
32
31
R32
36
Total
Total
153
185
209
243
281
311
214
247
256
232
220
245
182
174
91
115
99
126
114
115
99
100
92
82
75
75
62
60
48
37
32
40
30
35
48
53
50
33
33
32
R33
37
346
411
519
590
672
764
653
722
748
721
655
626
540
499
573
593
530
566
554
537
514
489
463
443
407
410
385
397
378
358
366
415
406
376
428
416
389
343
337
R345
R357
372
"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. Totals may not equal
sum of components due to independent rounding.
1949. For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/states/_seds.html.
Sources: CHP and Petroleum Coke: Table 8.7c. All Other Data: 1949-1959Bureau of Mines,
Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA) estimates. 1960-1972EIA, "State Energy Data 2009: Consumption" (June 2011),
U.S. Tables CT4 and CT5. 1973 forwardEIA, Monthly Energy Review (April 2011), Table 3.7a.
Table 5.13b Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Industrial Sector
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
157
180
254
302
368
447
419
411
436
479
476
396
342
342
373
408
425
448
467
468
453
483
444
454
474
484
486
484
505
521
547
525
519
512
503
537
546
521
494
417
R360
362
Distillate Fuel Oil

CHP
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
5
7
12
10
10
10
6
8
8
16
16
10
9
6
10
9
11
5
4
3
R7
4
Other
265
328
466
476
541
577
630
717
809
823
830
621
653
617
537
564
526
546
537
530
531
534
495
509
515
513
526
549
558
554
542
553
602
561
525
561
583
589
591
R596
R514
540
Total
265
328
466
476
541
577
630
717
809
823
830
621
653
617
537
564
526
546
537
530
536
541
507
519
525
522
532
557
566
570
558
563
611
566
534
570
594
594
595
R599
R521
544
Kerosene
123
132
116
78
80
89
58
59
69
75
86
87
52
68
32
21
21
16
14
14
14
6
5
5
6
8
7
9
9
11
6
8
11
7
12
14
19
14
6
2
2
2
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
80
100
212
333
470
699
844
895
918
921
1,266
1,172
1,166
1,211
1,166
1,283
1,285
1,207
1,279
1,326
1,300
1,215
1,326
1,402
1,363
1,505
1,527
1,580
1,617
1,553
1,709
1,720
1,557
1,668
1,561
1,646
1,549
1,627
1,637
R1,419
R1,541
1,581
Petroleum Coke
Lubricants
36
43
47
48
62
70
68
75
82
88
92
82
79
72
75
80
75
73
83
80
82
84
75
77
78
82
80
78
82
86
87
86
79
78
72
73
72
71
73
67
61
67
Motor
Gasoline 3
121
131
173
198
179
150
116
110
102
93
84
82
83
72
59
83
114
108
107
100
104
97
101
101
94
101
105
105
111
105
80
79
155
163
171
195
187
198
161
131
R128
129
1 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants.

See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
2 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP."
5 Included in "Other."
CHP
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
5
25
22
26
22
25
26
27
37
29
31
19
15
21
17
18
14
21
22
16
R17
13
Other
40
41
67
149
202
203
246
242
266
250
243
234
250
246
225
244
261
264
294
306
295
300
293
336
308
304
302
317
294
362
395
342
375
362
358
405
390
404
390
377
R347
297
Residual Fuel Oil

Total
40
41
67
149
202
203
246
242
266
250
243
234
250
246
225
244
261
264
294
306
300
325
315
362
330
329
328
343
331
390
426
361
390
383
375
423
404
425
412
394
R363
310
CHP
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
57
63
55
59
65
69
60
66
56
60
52
48
46
37
38
46
46
33
30
14
R13
9
Other 2
534
617
686
689
689
708
658
792
844
748
721
586
471
456
345
386
326
321
253
237
121
116
91
109
129
113
87
80
71
40
38
57
42
46
58
62
77
71
54
73
R33
42
Total
534
617
686
689
689
708
658
792
844
748
721
586
471
456
345
386
326
321
253
237
178
179
146
168
194
183
147
146
127
100
90
105
89
83
96
108
123
104
84
86
R46
52
Other
Petroleum 4
Total
243
250
366
435
657
866
1,001
1,145
1,294
1,391
1,546
1,581
1,176
973
1,042
1,120
1,032
1,105
1,176
1,286
1,284
1,373
1,299
1,434
1,373
1,454
1,381
1,518
1,605
1,508
1,532
1,458
1,481
1,474
1,579
1,657
1,605
1,640
1,593
1,408
R1,251
1,340
1,598
1,822
2,387
2,708
3,247
3,808
4,038
4,447
4,821
4,867
5,343
4,842
4,273
4,058
3,854
4,191
4,065
4,087
4,210
4,347
4,251
4,304
4,219
4,522
4,438
4,667
4,594
4,819
4,953
4,844
5,035
4,903
4,892
4,934
4,903
5,222
5,100
5,193
5,056
R4,523
R4,274
4,387
Sources: CHP: Table 8.7c. All Other Data: 1949-1959Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys,
Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates.
1960-1972EIA, "State Energy Data 2009: Consumption" (June 2011), U.S. Table CT6. 1973
forwardEIA, Monthly Energy Review (April 2011), Table 3.7b.
161
Table 5.13c Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Transportation Sector
Jet Fuel
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Aviation
Gasoline
93
108
192
161
120
55
39
37
38
39
38
35
31
25
26
24
27
32
25
27
26
24
23
22
21
21
21
20
22
19
21
20
19
18
16
17
19
18
17
15
14
15
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene Type
Total 1
190
226
372
418
514
738
998
1,073
1,171
1,260
1,366
1,311
1,365
1,312
1,367
1,383
1,491
1,514
1,568
1,701
1,734
1,722
1,694
1,728
1,785
1,896
1,973
2,096
2,198
2,263
2,352
2,422
2,489
2,536
2,665
2,783
2,858
3,017
3,037
R2,824
R2,600
2,714
0
0
0
91
334
718
782
777
814
845
867
845
808
803
839
953
1,005
1,105
1,181
1,236
1,284
1,340
1,296
1,310
1,357
1,480
1,497
1,575
1,598
1,623
1,675
1,725
1,656
1,621
1,578
1,630
1,679
1,633
1,622
1,539
R1,393
1,424
(1)
(1)
154
371
602
967
992
976
1,022
1,044
1,067
1,062
1,006
1,011
1,046
1,175
1,218
1,307
1,385
1,449
1,489
1,522
1,471
1,454
1,469
1,527
1,514
1,578
1,599
1,622
1,673
1,725
1,655
1,614
1,578
1,630
1,679
1,633
1,622
1,539
R1,393
1,424
Liquefied
Petroleum Gases
1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in
1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,
includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.
162
1
2
9
13
23
32
31
33
36
38
16
13
24
24
29
30
21
19
15
17
16
16
15
14
14
24
13
11
10
13
10
8
10
10
12
14
20
20
16
R29
R20
21
Lubricants
54
64
70
68
67
66
70
77
78
83
87
77
74
68
71
76
71
69
78
75
77
80
71
72
74
77
76
73
78
81
82
81
74
73
68
69
68
67
69
64
R57
63
Motor
Gasoline 2
Residual
Fuel Oil
2,241
2,433
3,221
3,736
4,374
5,589
6,512
6,817
7,022
7,264
6,896
6,441
6,456
6,421
6,510
6,554
6,667
6,871
7,041
7,179
7,171
7,080
7,042
7,125
7,367
7,487
7,674
7,772
7,883
8,128
8,336
8,370
8,435
8,662
8,733
8,887
8,948
9,029
9,093
8,834
R8,840
8,877
504
524
440
367
336
332
310
358
396
431
535
608
531
444
358
351
342
379
392
399
423
443
447
465
393
385
397
370
310
294
290
386
255
295
249
321
365
395
433
400
R353
394
Total
3,084
3,356
4,458
5,135
6,036
7,778
8,951
9,372
9,761
10,160
10,005
9,546
9,487
9,307
9,406
9,592
9,838
10,191
10,505
10,846
10,937
10,888
10,763
10,881
11,124
11,417
11,668
11,921
12,099
12,420
12,765
13,012
12,938
13,208
13,321
13,720
13,957
14,178
14,287
R13,704
R13,279
13,508
annual reports, and U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. 1960-1972EIA, "State
Energy Data 2009: Consumption" (June 2011), U.S. Table CT7. 1973 forwardEIA, Monthly Energy
Review (April 2011), Table 3.7c.
Table 5.13d Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Electric Power Sector 1
Electricity Only
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
19894
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Distillate
Fuel Oil 2
13
15
15
10
14
66
107
114
134
130
84
79
58
42
45
42
40
39
42
51
70
41
38
33
37
46
44
47
48
61
63
77
76
59
71
49
51
34
40
33
R32
36
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9
1
1
1
5
4
2
2
2
4
3
3
4
5
6
7
14
13
18
21
16
15
14
23
30
26
20
25
54
66
83
94
82
65
58
50
57
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
Residual
Fuel Oil 3
Total
169
192
191
231
302
853
1,280
1,405
1,575
1,612
1,350
1,069
904
642
627
517
435
592
504
627
663
497
469
371
409
369
237
263
301
448
409
370
430
281
373
376
376
151
167
99
73
62
182
207
206
241
316
928
1,388
1,520
1,710
1,747
1,437
1,151
964
686
676
562
478
636
551
683
740
551
520
422
467
431
296
325
373
539
497
466
531
394
510
509
521
267
272
189
154
156
Distillate
Fuel Oil 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
4
1
2
4
11
7
4
4
3
3
6
4
1
5
3
3
1
2
2
R1
1
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
2
15
15
22
22
23
26
25
25
22
26
14
17
17
15
13
12
13
8
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Electric utility CHP plants are
included in "Electricity Only."
2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of
petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,
electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.
Residual
Fuel Oil 3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
10
4
8
9
10
9
10
10
8
9
8
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Total
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8
15
5
12
27
36
38
36
37
37
38
39
33
33
24
26
26
22
21
19
21
15
Distillate
Fuel Oil 2
13
15
15
10
14
66
107
114
134
130
84
79
58
42
45
42
40
39
42
51
72
45
39
34
41
56
51
51
52
64
66
82
80
60
76
52
54
35
42
34
33
37
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9
1
1
1
5
4
2
2
2
4
3
3
4
5
6
7
14
13
20
36
32
37
36
46
56
51
45
47
80
79
101
111
97
78
70
63
65
Residual
Fuel Oil 3
Total
169
192
191
231
302
853
1,280
1,405
1,575
1,612
1,350
1,069
904
642
627
517
435
592
504
627
669
507
473
379
418
379
247
273
311
456
418
378
437
287
379
382
382
157
173
104
79
68
182
207
206
241
316
928
1,388
1,520
1,710
1,747
1,437
1,151
964
686
676
562
478
636
551
683
748
566
526
434
494
467
334
360
410
576
535
505
564
427
534
535
547
289
293
209
175
170

5.11. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. See
Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of petroleum used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c for the
amount of petroleum used to produce useful thermal output. Totals may not equal sum of components
1949. For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.
Sources: Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b.
163
Figure 5.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates by Product by Sector, 1949-2010
Residential and Commercial1 Sectors, Selected Products
Industrial1 Sector, Selected Products
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.0
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
LPG
2.0
Distillate
Fuel Oil
1.5
1.0
Residual
Fuel Oil
Distillate
Fuel Oil
1.0
Asphalt and
Road Oil
0.5
LPG
0.5
1.5
Kerosene
0.0
0.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Transportation Sector, Selected Products
1950
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
1990
2000
2010
20
Quadrillion Btu
10
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Petroleum
Motor
Gasoline
15
Quadrillion Btu
1960
1
Jet Fuel
0
1950
1
2
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000

164
2010
1950
1960
1970
1980
3
Sources: Tables 5.14a5.14c.
Table 5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Residential and Commercial Sectors,
Selected Years, 1949-2010 (Trillion Btu)
Residential Sector
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Distillate
Fuel Oil
700
829
1,194
1,568
1,713
1,878
1,807
1,987
1,994
1,951
1,626
1,316
1,147
1,050
924
1,091
1,092
1,111
1,156
1,190
1,160
978
930
980
974
960
905
926
874
772
828
905
908
860
905
924
854
712
726
R669
R602
628
Kerosene
289
347
371
354
334
298
161
184
167
153
133
107
85
95
85
160
159
121
119
144
117
64
72
65
76
65
74
89
93
108
111
95
95
60
70
85
84
66
44
21
R28
31
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Commercial Sector
Total
R117
R1,106
R146
R1,322
R202
R1,767
R305
R2,227
R385
R2,432
R549
R2,725
R512
R2,479
R532
R2,703
R520
R2,681
R504
R2,607
R340
R2,099
R311
R1,734
R299
R1,531
R289
R1,434
R344
R1,353
R280
R1,531
R314
R1,565
R308
R1,541
R342
R1,617
R341
R1,675
R383
R1,660
R352
R1,394
R378
R1,381
R369
R1,414
R390
R1,439
R384
R1,408
R395
R1,374
R469
R1,484
R455
R1,422
R424
R1,304
R526
R1,465
R555
R1,554
R526
R1,529
R537
R1,457
R544
R1,519
R512
R1,520
R513
R1,451
R446
R1,224
R484
R1,254
R553
R1,243
R547
R1,176
561
1,220
Distillate
Fuel Oil
221
262
377
494
534
587
587
656
676
666
584
518
457
440
651
735
631
623
607
600
574
536
517
507
493
501
479
483
444
429
438
491
508
444
481
470
447
401
384
R372
R413
431
Notes: Data are estimates. For total heat content of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data
for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12. For petroleum, product supplied is used as
Kerosene
39
47
51
48
54
61
49
44
52
55
78
41
69
30
111
36
33
50
49
26
28
12
12
11
14
19
22
21
25
31
27
30
31
16
19
20
22
15
9
4
R4
5
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
R31
R39
R54
R81
R103
R143
R129
R136
R135
R131
R95
R88
R87
R81
R96
R83
R95
R93
R102
R99
R109
R102
R108
R107
R109
R107
R109
R122
R120
R118
R140
R150
R143
R141
R157
R152
R131
R123
R121
R158
R139
142
Motor
Gasoline 1
92
100
133
67
77
86
89
97
101
107
104
107
92
88
102
107
96
106
111
110
102
111
85
80
30
25
18
27
43
39
28
45
37
45
60
45
46
49
61
46
R53
54
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
Residual
Fuel Oil
351
424
480
559
645
714
492
567
588
532
505
565
417
399
208
266
228
290
263
264
228
230
212
189
173
172
141
137
111
85
73
92
70
80
111
122
116
75
75
73
R76
84
Total
R735
R872
R1,095
R1,248
R1,413
R1,592
R1,346
R1,500
R1,552
R1,490
R1,367
R1,318
R1,122
R1,037
R1,170
R1,227
R1,083
R1,162
R1,131
R1,099
R1,041
R991
R935
R893
R819
R825
R769
R790
R743
R702
R707
R807
R790
R726
R828
R810
R762
R664
R651
R653
R685
717
Consumption," at end of Section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Sources: Tables 5.13a, A1, and A3.
165
Table 5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Trillion Btu)
Industrial Sector
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
Distillate
Fuel Oil
380
435
615
734
890
1,082
1,014
998
1,056
1,160
1,153
962
828
829
904
992
1,029
1,086
1,130
1,136
1,096
1,170
1,077
1,102
1,149
1,173
1,178
1,176
1,224
1,263
1,324
1,276
1,257
1,240
1,220
1,304
1,323
1,261
1,197
1,012
R873
877
564
698
991
1,016
1,150
1,226
1,339
1,530
1,719
1,750
1,764
1,324
1,389
1,313
1,142
1,203
1,119
1,160
1,141
1,130
1,139
1,150
1,078
1,107
1,117
1,111
1,131
1,187
1,203
1,211
1,187
1,200
1,300
1,204
1,136
1,214
1,264
1,263
1,265
R1,277
R1,107
1,156
Kerosene
254
274
241
161
165
185
119
123
143
156
177
181
108
141
66
43
44
32
28
30
30
12
11
10
13
17
15
18
19
22
13
16
23
14
24
28
39
30
13
4
R4
5
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
R123
R156
R323
R507
R712
R953
R1,123
R1,192
R1,203
R1,203
R1,681
R1,559
R1,530
R1,575
R1,510
R1,666
R1,664
R1,582
R1,687
R1,749
R1,728
R1,582
R1,720
R1,833
R1,763
R1,969
R1,990
R2,054
R2,100
R2,016
R2,217
R2,228
R2,014
R2,160
R2,030
R2,141
R2,009
R2,104
R2,106
R1,823
R1,950
2,000
Lubricants
Motor
Gasoline 1
Petroleum Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Other
Petroleum 2
80
94
103
107
137
155
149
166
182
195
204
182
175
159
167
178
166
162
183
177
181
186
167
170
173
181
178
173
182
191
193
190
174
172
159
161
160
156
161
150
R135
149
231
251
332
381
342
288
223
211
196
178
162
158
160
138
112
160
218
206
206
193
199
185
193
194
180
192
200
200
212
199
152
150
295
309
324
372
356
376
306
250
R244
245
87
90
147
328
444
446
540
535
586
550
533
516
549
541
495
538
575
581
646
675
660
714
693
798
725
723
721
757
727
858
936
796
858
842
825
934
889
934
906
868
R799
682
1,225
1,416
1,573
1,584
1,582
1,624
1,509
1,822
1,937
1,716
1,655
1,349
1,081
1,047
791
889
748
736
582
546
410
411
334
387
446
419
337
335
291
230
207
241
203
190
220
249
281
239
193
199
R106
119
530
546
798
947
1,390
1,817
R2,109
R2,413
R2,724
R2,928
R3,217
R3,278
R2,446
R2,030
R2,202
R2,319
R2,152
R2,315
R2,439
R2,682
R2,656
R2,839
2,685
R2,951
R2,822
2,988
R2,837
R3,121
3,298
3,093
R3,129
R2,979
3,056
R3,040
R3,264
R3,428
R3,318
3,416
R3,313
R2,941
R2,611
2,797
Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned as
fuel.
Notes: Data are estimates. For total heat content of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data
166
Total
R3,475
R3,960
R5,123
R5,766
R6,813
R7,776
R8,127
R8,990
R9,747
R9,835
R10,548
R9,509
R8,265
R7,772
R7,390
R7,987
R7,714
R7,860
R8,042
R8,317
R8,098
R8,251
R7,958
R8,552
R8,388
R8,773
R8,588
R9,020
R9,256
R9,083
R9,357
R9,076
R9,181
R9,171
R9,202
R9,831
R9,640
R9,780
R9,461
R8,523
R7,829
8,029
for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12. For petroleum, product supplied is used as
Consumption," at end of Section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Sources: Tables 5.12, 5.13b, A1, and A3.
Table 5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption Estimates: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors,
Selected Years, 1949-2010 (Trillion Btu)
Jet Fuel
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Aviation
Gasoline
172
199
354
298
222
100
71
67
70
71
70
64
56
47
48
44
50
59
46
49
48
45
42
41
38
38
40
37
40
35
39
36
35
34
30
31
35
33
32
28
R27
27
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene Type
Total 2
405
480
791
892
1,093
1,569
2,121
2,288
2,489
2,679
2,905
2,795
2,901
2,790
2,905
2,948
3,170
3,218
3,335
3,626
3,687
3,661
3,601
3,684
3,796
4,032
4,195
4,469
4,672
4,812
5,001
5,165
5,292
5,392
5,666
5,932
6,076
6,414
6,457
R6,020
R5,528
5,771
0
0
0
188
691
1,486
1,619
1,613
1,684
1,750
1,795
1,754
1,671
1,661
1,736
1,977
2,079
2,287
2,444
2,565
2,658
2,774
2,681
2,718
2,809
3,063
3,099
3,268
3,307
3,359
3,466
3,580
3,427
3,354
3,266
3,382
3,475
3,379
3,358
3,193
R2,883
2,946
0
0
301
739
1,215
1,973
2,029
2,002
2,090
2,138
2,186
2,179
2,058
2,069
2,141
2,414
2,497
2,682
2,843
2,982
3,059
3,129
3,025
3,001
3,028
3,154
3,132
3,274
3,308
3,357
3,462
3,580
3,426
3,340
3,265
3,383
3,475
3,379
3,358
3,193
R2,883
2,946
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
2
3
R13
R19
R32
44
R43
R47
R50
R54
R22
R18
R34
R34
R40
R43
R30
R27
R22
R23
R23
R23
R21
R19
R20
R34
R18
R16
R14
R18
R14
R12
R14
R14
R17
R19
R28
R27
R22
R40
R28
29
Lubricants
120
141
155
152
149
147
155
172
172
184
193
172
165
150
157
168
156
153
173
167
171
176
157
161
163
171
168
163
172
180
182
179
164
162
150
152
151
147
152
141
R127
140
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for
electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
2 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in
1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,
includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.
4 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of
Motor
Gasoline 3
4,298
4,664
6,175
7,183
8,386
10,716
12,485
13,107
13,464
13,927
13,221
12,383
12,379
12,312
12,482
12,600
12,784
13,174
13,499
13,802
13,749
13,575
13,503
13,699
14,126
14,293
14,607
14,837
14,999
15,463
15,855
15,960
16,041
16,465
16,597
16,962
17,043
17,197
17,321
16,872
R16,837
16,908
Residual
Fuel Oil
1,156
1,201
1,009
844
770
761
711
824
908
990
1,228
1,398
1,219
1,020
821
807
786
870
900
919
971
1,016
1,026
1,070
901
883
911
851
712
674
665
888
586
677
571
740
837
906
994
920
R810
904
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oil 4
6,152
6,690
R8,799
R10,125
R11,866
15,310
R17,615
R18,508
R19,243
R20,044
19,825
19,009
R18,813
R18,422
R18,595
R19,023
R19,472
R20,183
R20,817
R21,568
R21,707
R21,626
R21,374
R21,675
R22,073
R22,605
R23,070
R23,648
R23,918
R24,538
R25,219
25,820
R25,557
R26,085
R26,297
R27,219
R27,645
R28,105
R28,335
R27,214
R26,240
26,726
28
32
32
22
29
141
226
243
283
276
178
169
124
89
96
88
85
83
90
109
152
97
84
74
86
120
108
109
111
136
140
175
171
127
161
111
115
74
89
73
R70
80
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
19
2
2
3
12
8
5
4
4
8
8
7
9
10
12
16
30
29
45
79
70
81
80
102
124
112
99
103
175
175
222
243
214
171
154
139
143
Residual
Fuel Oil 5
Total
387
440
439
530
693
1,958
2,937
3,232
3,614
3,699
3,097
2,459
2,073
1,474
1,440
1,190
998
1,359
1,157
1,442
1,535
1,163
1,085
872
959
869
566
628
715
1,047
959
871
1,003
659
869
879
876
361
397
240
181
155
415
472
471
553
722
2,117
3,166
3,477
3,901
3,987
3,283
2,634
2,202
1,568
1,544
1,286
1,090
1,452
1,257
1,563
1,703
1,289
1,198
991
1,124
1,059
755
817
927
1,306
1,211
1,144
1,277
961
1,205
1,212
1,235
648
657
468
390
378
Notes: Data for "Transportation Sector" are estimates. For total heat content of petroleum
consumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12. For the
transportation sector, petroleum product supplied is used as an approximation of petroleum consumption.
See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of Section. Totals may
not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 5.13c, 5.13d, A1, and A3.
167
Figure 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2009

Total by Fuel
Distillate Fuel Oil by Selected End Use
3.0
Distillate
Fuel Oil
2.5
2
Residual
Fuel Oil
On-Highway
Diesel
2.0
1.5
1.0
Residential
0.5
Commercial
Kerosene
Railroad
0.0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Residual Fuel Oil by Major End Use
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Kerosene by Major End Use
750
80
Vessel
Bunkering
450
300
150
Industrial
Electric Power
600
60
40
Residential
20
Commercial
Commercial
Farm
0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1985
1990
Source: Table 5.15.
168
Industrial
1995
2000
2005
Table 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, Selected Years, 1984-2009
Distillate Fuel Oil
Year
1984
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Residential
534
504
475
442
474
475
472
447
450
426
380
411
444
433
416
452
432
401
325
335
301
268
Commercial
360
291
260
246
245
241
246
237
234
216
211
218
241
243
215
240
220
210
183
177
167
184
Industrial
Oil
Company
166
159
169
151
150
139
148
146
149
151
161
162
152
161
156
156
151
160
161
161
154
143
Farm
55
45
49
48
43
46
44
45
48
56
51
43
45
49
50
33
31
31
42
51
64
48
Electric
Power 1
208
202
222
206
228
222
213
227
234
231
222
223
225
234
223
209
207
210
213
209
209
173
Railroad
42
34
50
39
35
36
43
39
43
41
55
53
66
88
49
75
54
59
43
44
35
35
Vessel
Bunkering
192
182
203
188
206
196
205
224
224
214
207
211
214
198
212
239
198
225
232
237
175
135
On-Highway
Diesel
115
111
135
133
144
141
143
153
162
168
169
158
147
133
136
145
139
131
124
126
77
83
Military
1,093
1,127
1,393
1,336
1,391
1,485
1,594
1,668
1,754
1,867
1,967
2,091
2,155
2,167
2,238
2,420
2,415
2,482
2,552
2,596
R2,441
2,228
46
43
46
53
42
32
40
30
30
28
23
23
20
26
23
27
23
18
21
24
17
15
Residual Fuel Oil

Commercial
1984
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
100
89
395
93
77
67
69
60
60
52
47
42
43
42
37
49
51
47
31
31
26
28
Industrial
228
218
147
126
138
155
152
129
136
124
117
111
103
114
82
92
100
109
95
77
67
37
Oil
Company
81
62
21
20
18
17
16
14
11
10
8
8
10
9
7
5
3
5
4
3
4
2
Electric
Power 1
454
359
566
461
388
394
374
213
280
300
420
326
284
368
233
344
306
376
163
173
111
73
Vessel
Bunkering
298
299
413
442
427
345
351
384
371
327
367
381
417
353
316
253
305
338
375
413
330
296
Off-Highway
Diesel
114
99
118
107
114
137
140
142
146
149
162
162
168
177
154
169
179
193
162
164
148
128
Other
Total
46
11
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2,971
2,809
3,120
2,949
3,075
3,150
3,289
3,357
3,472
3,546
3,608
3,756
3,877
3,908
3,871
4,165
4,050
4,120
4,057
4,123
R3,790
3,440
Kerosene
Military
6
8
7
8
6
5
4
3
4
3
2
2
2
1
(s)
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
Other 2
26
13
2
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
2 Sales to railroads are included in "Other."
3 Value has been revised since publication in the reports cited after "Sources."
R=Revised. =Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand barrels per day.
Total
1,194
1,048
31,250
1,150
1,054
983
967
804
862
816
961
869
859
888
676
744
767
877
670
698
538
437
Residential
77
77
31
35
31
37
31
36
43
45
52
54
46
46
29
34
41
40
32
21
10
13
Commercial
17
16
6
6
5
7
9
11
10
12
15
13
14
15
8
9
10
10
7
4
2
2
Industrial
8
10
4
3
3
4
6
6
7
7
8
4
6
9
5
11
13
17
13
6
2
2
Farm
Other
Total
3
3
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
10
9
1
1
(s)
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
115
114
43
46
41
50
49
54
62
66
78
73
67
72
43
55
64
70
54
32
14
17

Sources: 1984U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Marketing Annual 1988
(October 1989), Tables A1-A3, and unpublished revision. 1985-2004EIA, Fuel Oil and Kerosene
Sales, annual reports, Tables 1-3, and unpublished revisions. 2005 forwardEIA, Fuel Oil and
Kerosene Sales 2009 (February 2011), Tables 1-3.
169
Figure 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type

Total Stocks and Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) Stocks, 1949-2010
2,000
Million Barrels (Cumulative)
Total
1,500
SPR Crude Oil
1,000
Non-SPR Crude Oil
500
Petroleum Products
0
1949
1954
1959
1964
1969
1974
1979
1984
1989
1994
1999
2004
2009
By Type, 2010
1,200
1,059
Million Barrels
1,000
800
600
SPR1
400
200
NonSPR
219
164
109
81
43
41
Jet Fuel
Residual
Fuel Oil
77
0
Crude Oil
Motor Gasoline
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Liquefied
Petroleum Gases
1
Crude oil stocks in the SPR include non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or commercial storage agreements. See Figure 5.17 for additional information about the SPR.
2
Includes lease condensate and crude oil stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR).
170
Unfinished
Oils
Other Products
3
Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline and blending components, kerosene, lubricants,
naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.
Note: Stocks are at end of year.
Sources: Table 5.16.
Table 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2010

(Million Barrels)
Crude Oil and Lease Condensate
Petroleum Products
Year
SPR 1
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
67
91
108
230
294
379
451
493
512
541
560
580
586
569
575
587
592
592
566
563
571
567
541
550
599
638
676
685
689
697
702
727
727
Non-SPR 2,3
253
248
266
240
220
276
271
285
340
309
339
358
363
350
344
345
321
331
349
330
341
323
325
318
335
337
303
284
305
324
284
286
312
278
269
286
324
312
286
326
325
332
Total 3
Distillate
Fuel Oil 4
Jet
Fuel 5
Propane 6
Total
253
248
266
240
220
276
271
285
348
376
430
466
594
644
723
796
814
843
890
890
921
908
893
893
922
929
895
850
868
895
852
826
862
877
907
961
1,008
1,001
983
1,028
1,052
1,059
75
72
111
138
155
195
209
186
250
216
229
205
192
179
140
161
144
155
134
124
106
132
144
141
141
145
130
127
138
156
125
118
145
134
137
126
136
144
134
146
R166
164
(5)
(5)
3
7
19
28
30
32
35
34
39
42
41
37
39
42
40
50
50
44
41
52
49
43
40
47
40
40
44
45
41
45
42
39
39
40
42
39
39
38
43
43
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
82
74
81
87
64
65
76
54
48
58
39
63
48
50
32
49
48
39
51
46
43
43
44
65
43
41
66
53
50
55
57
62
52
55
R50
49
1
2
7
23
30
67
125
116
136
132
111
120
135
94
101
101
74
103
97
97
80
98
92
89
106
99
93
86
89
115
89
83
121
106
94
104
109
113
96
113
R102
109
1 "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. Crude oil stocks in the SPR include
non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or commercial storage agreements.
2 All crude oil and lease condensate stocks other than those in "SPR."
3 Beginning in 1981, includes stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit.
4 Does not include stocks that are held in the Northeast Heating Oil Reserve.
percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jet
"Other Products."
7 Finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending components, and gasohol. Through 1963, also
includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas.
8 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus,
Motor
Gasoline 7
110
116
165
195
175
209
235
231
258
238
237
261
253
235
222
243
223
233
226
228
213
220
219
216
226
215
202
195
210
216
193
196
210
209
207
218
208
212
218
214
223
219
Residual
Fuel Oil
Unfinished
Oils
60
41
39
45
56
54
74
72
90
90
96
92
78
66
49
53
50
47
47
45
44
49
50
43
44
42
37
46
40
45
36
36
41
31
38
42
37
42
39
36
R37
41
66
70
68
62
89
99
106
110
113
109
118
124
111
105
108
94
107
94
93
100
106
99
98
95
88
91
86
88
89
91
86
87
88
76
76
81
86
84
81
83
80
81
Other
Products 8
37
34
55
76
92
89
82
78
82
82
82
82
80
70
72
67
67
68
70
70
70
63
72
73
78
84
79
76
81
85
70
77
78
76
71
72
71
85
75
79
73
77
Total
Products
Total
Petroleum
350
334
449
545
616
741
862
826
964
901
911
926
890
786
731
760
705
750
718
707
660
712
724
699
725
724
668
658
692
752
641
641
724
671
661
683
689
719
682
709
R725
735
603
583
715
785
836
1,018
1,133
1,112
1,312
1,278
1,341
1,392
1,484
1,430
1,454
1,556
1,519
1,593
1,607
1,597
1,581
1,621
1,617
1,592
1,647
1,653
1,563
1,507
1,560
1,647
1,493
1,468
1,586
1,548
1,568
1,645
1,698
1,720
1,665
1,737
1,776
1,794
petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous
products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation
gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
9 Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases Total."
Notes: Stocks are at end of year. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
171
Figure 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2010

End-of-Year Stocks in SPR
Crude Oil Imports for SPR

727 in 2010
800
100
93
85
75
Million Barrels
Million Barrels
600
400
200
72
60
59
50
43
41
34
27
24
25
16
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
SPR as Share of Domestic Stocks
1980
1985
1990
1 0
1995
2000
7
3
2005
2010
SPR Stocks as Days of Petroleum Net Imports

125
100
115
100
69% in 2010
80
96
94
88
75
Total
Petroleum
40
81 82
86
83
77
75 77
73 75
68
Days
60
91
85
Crude Oil
Percent
20
19
10
23
19 20
18
67
62
63
59 57
52 50
50
57 57 56 55 56 58
43
41% in 2010
25
20
17
8
0
1980
1
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
11
1980
Imported by SPR and imported by others for SPR.

Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all
petroleum.
2
172
1985
1990
1995
Note: SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

Source: Table 5.17.
2000
2005
2010
Table 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2010

(Million Barrels, Except as Noted)
Foreign Crude Oil Receipts
Year
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Imported
by SPR
Imported
by Others 1,2
7.54
58.80
24.43
16.07
93.30
60.19
85.29
72.04
43.12
17.56
26.52
18.76
20.35
9.77
.00
3.59
5.37
4.49
.00
.00
.00
.00
3.04
3.01
3.91
5.77
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
0.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.90
.00
7.98
3.60
1.50
5.07
35.59
22.94
34.24
18.88
3.31
2.70
7.11
R20.29
.00
Domestic Crude Oil Receipts
Withdrawals
End-of-Year Stocks
Purchases
Exchanges 2
Sales
Exchanges
Quantity
Percent of
Crude Oil 3
Stocks
50.37
0.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
1.42
2.29
.00
7.64
16.40
8.47
8.41
2.44
1.68
3.20
4.47
.38
0.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
3.91
17.22
.00
.00
.00
.00
25.82
2.33
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
11.03
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
0.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.90
.00
.00
10.75
633.35
.00
.00
.00
5.44
9.82
1.57
.00
5.40
.00
.40
7.46
66.86
91.19
107.80
230.34
293.83
379.09
450.51
493.32
511.57
540.65
559.52
579.86
585.69
568.51
574.72
587.08
591.67
591.64
565.82
563.43
571.41
567.24
540.68
550.24
599.09
638.39
675.60
684.54
688.61
696.94
701.82
726.62
726.55
2.1
17.8
21.2
23.1
38.8
45.7
52.4
56.6
60.6
60.7
60.8
62.9
62.9
64.5
63.7
64.4
63.6
63.7
66.1
66.6
64.9
63.8
66.6
65.4
63.8
68.3
70.4
70.3
67.9
68.8
70.9
68.3
69.1
68.6
.00
(s)
1.30
28.79
3.79
.42
.05
.17
1.21
2.69
.01
.00
.00
.00
2.60
6.96
.11
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.58
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
1 Imported crude oil received represents volumes of imported crude oil received at SPR storage facilities
for which the costs associated with the importation and delivery of crude oil are the responsibility of the
commercial importer under contract to supply the SPR.
2 The values shown for 1998 and 1999 represent an exchange agreement in which SPR received
approximately 8.5 million barrels of high quality oil in exchange for approximately 11 million barrels of lower
quality crude oil shipped from SPR during 1999 and 2000. Also, beginning in 1999, a portion of the crude
oil in-kind royalties from Federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico was transferred to the U.S. Department of
Energy and exchanged with commercial entities for crude oil to fill the SPR. Crude oil exchange barrels
delivered to SPR could be either domestic or imported as long as the crude oil met the specification
requirements of SPR. All exchange barrels of imported crude oil are included in "Foreign Crude Oil
Receipts, Imported by Others," while exchange barrels of domestic crude oil are included in "Domestic
Crude Oil Receipts, Exchanges."
3 Includes lease condensate stocks.
4 Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all petroleum.
Calculated prior to rounding.
Percent of
Total Petroleum
Stocks
Days of
Petroleum
Net Imports 4
0.6
5.2
6.8
7.7
15.5
20.5
26.1
28.9
32.5
32.1
33.6
35.0
36.7
36.1
35.2
36.1
35.6
35.8
37.9
37.5
36.1
34.7
38.0
36.8
34.7
38.7
40.7
41.1
40.3
40.0
41.8
40.4
40.9
40.5
1
8
11
17
43
68
88
96
115
94
91
85
81
82
86
83
77
73
75
67
62
59
57
52
50
57
57
56
55
56
58
63
75
77
The quantity of domestic fuel oil which was in storage prior to injection of foreign crude oil.
Includes 30 million barrels released to increase heating oil stocks in exchange for a like quantity plus a
bonus percentage to be returned in 2001 and 2002, as well as additional barrels to create a Northeast
Home Heating Oil Reserve.
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels.
Note: "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reservepetroleum stocks maintained by the Federal
Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.
Sources: Imported by SPR and End-of-Year Stocks, Quantity: 1977-1980U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports.
1981-2009EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2010EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly
(February 2011). Imported by Others, Domestic Crude Oil Receipts, and Withdrawals: U.S.
Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, unpublished data. All Other Data:
Calculated.
6
173
Figure 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices

U.S. Average Real and Nominal Prices, 1949-2010
100
Dollars per Barrel
80
60
40
Real
20
Nominal
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Alaska North Slope, California, and Texas 1977-2010

Nominal Prices
Real Prices
100
100
75
50
California
Texas
ANS
600
500
75
California
50
Texas
25
ANS
400
300
200
Texas
100
ANS
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
California
0
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1
2
174
Index: 1977=100
Chained (2005) Dollars per Barrel
Nominal Dollars per Barrel
125
25
Real Prices, Indexed 1977=100
Alaska North Slope.

Source: Table 5.18.
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Table 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Dollars per Barrel)
Alaska North Slope
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
California
Texas
Nominal 1
Real 2
Nominal 1
Real 2
Nominal 1
Real 2
Nominal 1
Real 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
36.29
5.21
10.57
16.87
23.23
19.92
17.69
17.91
16.98
6.45
10.83
8.43
12.00
15.23
11.57
11.73
10.84
9.77
11.12
15.32
14.84
8.47
12.46
23.62
18.18
19.37
23.78
33.03
47.05
56.86
63.69
90.10
54.41
72.33
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
316.66
12.90
24.15
35.33
44.48
35.95
30.71
29.97
27.58
10.25
16.72
12.58
17.26
21.09
15.48
15.33
13.86
12.23
13.64
18.44
17.55
9.91
14.36
26.65
20.06
21.03
25.27
34.13
47.05
55.07
R59.92
R82.95
R49.64
65.36
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.92
8.58
12.78
23.87
26.80
24.58
22.61
22.09
22.14
11.90
13.92
10.97
14.06
17.81
13.72
13.55
12.11
12.12
14.00
16.72
15.78
9.55
14.08
24.82
20.11
21.87
26.43
34.47
47.08
57.34
65.07
90.47
R56.11
74.51
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
20.98
21.24
29.20
49.99
51.32
44.36
39.25
36.96
35.96
18.91
21.49
16.38
20.22
24.67
18.35
17.70
15.48
15.17
17.17
20.12
18.66
11.17
16.23
28.00
22.18
23.74
28.09
35.62
47.08
55.53
R61.22
R83.29
R51.19
67.33
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.58
9.29
12.65
21.84
35.06
31.77
29.35
28.87
26.80
14.73
17.55
14.71
17.81
22.37
19.04
18.32
16.19
14.98
16.38
20.31
18.66
12.28
17.29
28.60
23.41
23.77
29.13
38.79
52.61
61.31
68.30
96.85
57.40
76.23
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
22.73
23.00
28.91
45.74
67.13
57.33
50.95
48.31
43.52
23.40
27.10
21.96
25.62
30.98
25.47
23.94
20.70
18.76
20.09
24.44
22.07
14.36
19.93
32.26
25.82
25.80
30.96
40.08
52.61
59.38
R64.25
R89.16
R52.37
68.89
2.54
2.51
2.77
2.88
2.86
3.18
7.67
8.19
8.57
9.00
12.64
21.59
31.77
28.52
26.19
25.88
24.09
12.51
15.40
12.58
15.86
20.03
16.54
15.99
14.25
13.19
14.62
18.46
17.23
10.87
15.56
26.72
21.84
22.51
27.56
36.77
50.28
59.69
66.52
94.04
R56.35
74.71
17.53
17.14
16.70
15.49
14.36
13.08
22.85
23.08
22.70
22.28
28.88
45.21
60.83
51.47
45.47
43.30
39.12
19.88
23.78
18.78
22.81
27.74
22.12
20.89
18.22
16.51
17.93
22.22
20.38
12.71
17.93
30.14
24.09
24.44
29.29
38.00
50.28
57.81
R62.58
R86.58
R51.41
67.51

3 Average for July through December only.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
Note: Prices are for the marketed first sales price of domestic crude oil. See Note 4, "Crude Oil
Domestic First Purchase Prices," at end of section.
2
U.S. Average

Products" chapter. 1974-January 1976Federal Energy Administration (FEA), Form FEA-90, "Crude
Petroleum Production Monthly Report." February 1976-1977FEA, Form FEA-P-124, "Domestic Crude
Oil Purchasers Monthly Report." 1978-1982U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
ERA-182, "Domestic Crude Oil First Purchasers Report." 1983 forwardEIA, Petroleum Marketing
Monthly (April 2011), Table 18.
175
Figure 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries
Total, 1973-2010

90
120
83
82
80
79
76
74
73
73
Dollars per Barrel
Dollars per Barrel
90
60
60
30
30
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Nigeria
2010
By Selected OPEC Country, 1973-2010
United
Saudi
Kingdom Arabia
Kuwait Colombia Mexico
Canada
By Selected Non-OPEC Country, 1973-2010

100
120
100
80
Dollars per Barrel
Dollars per Barrel
Norway
80
60
Nigeria
40
Saudi
Arabia
60
United
Kingdom
40
Mexico
20
20
Venezuela
Canada
0
1975
1
2
176
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1973 cost is based on October, November, and December data only.

2010
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995

Source: Table 5.19.
2000
2005
2010
Table 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2010
(Dollars 1 per Barrel)
Year
Persian
Gulf 3
Kuwait
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia
Venezuela
Total
OPEC 4
Canada
Colombia
Mexico
Norway
United
Kingdom
Total
Non-OPEC 4
Total
1973 5
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
5.91
12.21
12.64
13.03
13.85
14.01
20.42
30.59
34.61
34.94
29.37
29.07
25.50
12.92
17.47
13.51
17.37
20.55
17.34
17.58
15.26
15.00
16.78
20.45
17.44
11.18
17.37
26.77
20.73
24.13
27.54
36.53
49.68
58.92
69.83
93.59
R62.15
78.31
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
11.70
18.14
12.84
16.90
17.01
18.48
16.99
14.23
14.49
16.47
20.32
17.03
11.00
16.77
26.28
19.66
23.04
26.82
35.89
48.36
57.64
66.01
86.35
R61.12
75.90
9.08
13.16
12.70
13.81
15.29
14.88
22.97
37.15
39.66
36.16
30.85
30.36
28.96
15.29
19.32
15.88
19.19
23.33
21.39
20.78
18.73
17.21
18.25
21.95
20.64
14.14
17.63
30.04
26.55
26.45
31.07
40.95
57.55
68.26
78.01
104.83
R68.01
83.11
5.37
11.63
12.50
13.06
13.69
13.94
18.95
29.80
34.20
34.99
29.27
29.20
24.72
12.84
16.81
13.37
17.34
21.82
17.22
17.48
15.40
15.11
16.84
20.49
17.52
11.16
17.48
26.58
20.98
24.77
27.50
37.11
50.31
59.19
70.78
94.75
R62.14
78.94
5.99
11.25
12.36
11.89
13.11
12.84
17.65
25.92
29.91
24.93
22.94
25.19
24.43
11.52
15.76
13.66
16.78
20.31
15.92
15.13
13.39
13.12
14.81
18.59
16.35
10.16
15.58
26.05
19.81
21.93
25.70
33.79
47.87
57.37
66.13
90.76
R57.78
72.43
6.85
12.49
12.70
13.32
14.35
14.34
21.29
33.56
36.60
34.81
29.84
29.06
26.86
13.46
17.64
14.18
17.78
21.23
18.08
17.81
15.68
15.08
16.61
20.14
17.73
11.46
16.94
27.29
21.52
23.83
27.70
36.84
51.36
61.21
71.14
95.49
R61.90
78.16
5.33
11.48
12.84
13.36
14.13
14.41
20.22
30.11
32.32
27.15
25.63
26.56
25.71
13.43
17.04
13.50
16.81
20.48
17.16
17.04
15.27
14.83
16.65
19.94
17.63
11.62
17.54
26.69
20.72
22.98
26.76
34.51
44.73
53.90
60.38
90.00
R57.60
72.80
W
W
12.85
18.43
14.47
18.10
22.34
19.55
18.46
16.54
15.80
17.45
22.02
19.71
13.26
18.09
29.68
25.88
25.28
30.55
39.03
53.42
62.13
70.91
93.43
R58.50
74.25
W
12.61
12.64
13.82
13.56
20.77
31.77
33.70
28.63
25.78
26.85
25.63
12.17
16.69
12.58
16.35
19.64
15.89
15.60
14.11
14.09
16.19
19.64
17.30
11.04
16.12
26.03
19.37
22.09
25.48
32.25
43.47
53.76
62.31
85.97
57.35
72.86
12.80
13.74
14.93
14.68
22.55
36.82
38.70
34.70
30.72
30.05
28.32
15.98
19.10
15.43
19.06
21.11
21.44
20.90
18.99
17.09
18.06
21.34
20.26
13.83
19.06
30.13
25.77
26.60
30.51
39.92
56.23
64.39
71.66
104.13
R59.80
82.20
W
14.83
14.53
22.97
35.68
37.29
34.25
30.87
29.45
28.36
14.63
18.78
15.82
18.74
22.65
21.37
20.63
17.92
16.64
17.91
20.88
20.64
13.55
18.26
29.26
25.32
26.35
30.62
39.28
55.28
67.44
72.47
96.95
R63.87
80.12
5.64
11.81
12.70
13.35
14.42
14.38
22.10
33.99
36.14
31.47
28.08
28.14
26.53
13.52
17.66
13.96
17.54
20.98
17.93
17.67
15.78
15.29
16.95
20.47
18.45
12.22
17.51
27.80
22.17
23.97
27.68
35.29
47.31
57.14
63.96
90.59
R58.58
74.68
6.41
12.32
12.70
13.32
14.36
14.35
21.45
33.67
36.47
33.18
28.93
28.54
26.67
13.49
17.65
14.08
17.68
21.13
18.02
17.75
15.72
15.18
16.78
20.31
18.11
11.84
17.23
27.53
21.82
23.91
27.69
36.07
49.29
59.11
67.97
93.33
R60.23
76.43
3 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between
4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973-2008, also includes Indonesia; for 1973-1992
and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on this
table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974-1995, also includes Gabon (although
Gabon was a member of OPEC for only 1975-1994); and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for
all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
5 Based on October, November, and December data only.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. =No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual
2
company data.
Notes: Data are for landed costs of crude oil imports only; they do not account for refined petroleum
products imported into the United States. See "Crude Oil Landed Cost" in Glossary. Totals may not
Sources: 1973-September 1977Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer
Pricing Report." October 1977-December 1978U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer Pricing Report." January 1979-September 1982EIA, Form ERA-51,
"Transfer Pricing Report." October 1982-June 1984EIA, Form EP-51, "Monthly Foreign Crude Oil
Transaction Report." July 1984 forwardEIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (April 2011), Table 22; and
EIA, Form EIA-856, "Monthly Foreign Crude Oil Acquisition Report."
177
Figure 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports

Total, 1973-2010
Totals, 2010
360
300
256
300
240
180
$256 Billion
In 2010
120
Billion Dollars
Billion Dollars
240
180
129
126
120
60
60
0
48
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Total
OPEC
Non-OPEC
Persian Gulf
Nations

60
52.4
Billion Dollars
50
40
31.1
30
30.3
29.9
24.1
20
9.2
10
5.4
3.5
0.8
0
Canada
1
Saudi Arabia
Mexico
178
Nigeria
Venezuela
Colombia
Source: Table 5.20.
Kuwait
United Kingdom
Norway
Table 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2010
(Billion Dollars 1)
Year
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
Persian
Gulf 3
Kuwait
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia
Venezuela
Total
OPEC 4
Canada
Colombia
Mexico
Norway
United
Kingdom
Total
Non-OPEC 4
1.7
4.4
5.2
8.7
12.2
11.3
15.3
16.9
15.1
8.4
4.3
4.8
2.3
3.8
6.0
6.7
11.0
13.5
11.0
10.5
9.1
8.8
9.1
11.1
10.4
8.3
15.0
23.6
20.2
19.5
24.4
32.1
40.0
46.5
53.9
80.1
R37.6
48.3
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
.0
.1
.5
.4
1.0
.5
(s)
.2
1.8
1.6
1.3
1.8
1.6
1.2
1.5
2.5
1.7
1.8
2.0
3.2
4.0
3.8
4.2
6.5
R4.0
5.4
1.5
3.3
3.5
5.1
6.3
4.9
9.0
11.4
8.8
6.7
3.4
2.3
3.0
2.4
3.7
3.5
5.6
6.7
5.3
5.1
4.9
3.9
4.1
4.8
5.2
3.6
4.0
9.6
8.2
5.7
9.4
16.2
22.6
25.8
30.9
35.4
R19.3
29.9
0.9
1.9
3.2
5.8
6.9
5.8
9.3
13.6
13.9
6.8
3.4
3.3
1.2
2.9
3.9
4.4
7.1
9.5
10.7
10.2
7.2
7.2
7.7
9.4
8.3
5.7
8.8
14.8
12.3
13.7
17.3
20.3
26.5
30.7
37.4
52.1
R22.2
31.1
0.8
1.3
1.8
1.0
1.2
.8
1.9
1.5
1.6
1.4
1.4
2.3
2.7
1.8
2.8
2.2
3.0
4.9
3.9
4.6
4.9
5.0
6.2
8.9
8.3
5.1
6.5
11.7
9.3
9.6
11.1
16.0
21.7
23.9
27.7
34.5
R20.1
24.1
5.2
11.6
14.9
22.2
29.6
27.1
39.7
47.5
39.0
22.0
16.1
16.1
12.9
10.4
15.5
14.0
21.9
27.2
22.3
22.2
20.7
19.7
21.6
25.3
24.4
17.4
26.1
45.4
38.1
35.5
46.3
68.0
90.3
106.9
139.9
189.2
98.4
129.3
1.9
3.3
2.8
1.8
1.4
1.3
2.0
2.2
1.9
2.1
2.6
3.3
4.4
2.8
3.8
3.4
3.9
4.8
4.7
5.0
5.0
5.3
6.3
7.8
7.7
5.4
7.5
13.2
10.3
12.1
15.1
20.4
26.7
35.5
41.6
64.4
R40.8
52.4
W
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.3
.8
.6
.9
1.1
.9
.7
.9
.8
1.3
1.8
1.9
1.7
3.0
3.5
2.5
2.2
1.8
2.0
3.0
3.2
3.6
6.1
5.4
9.2
W
.3
.4
.9
1.6
3.3
5.9
5.8
6.7
7.2
6.5
6.7
2.8
3.7
3.1
4.3
4.9
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.8
6.1
8.7
8.6
5.3
7.4
12.5
9.9
12.1
14.6
18.9
24.7
30.9
32.0
37.3
22.9
30.3
0.0
.1
.2
.3
.6
.6
1.9
1.6
1.3
.7
1.2
.3
.3
.5
.3
.9
.7
.6
.9
.9
1.2
1.7
2.3
2.1
1.1
1.8
3.3
2.6
3.4
2.0
2.1
2.4
2.3
1.5
1.1
1.3
.8
0.0
.0
W
.5
.9
1.7
2.3
5.0
5.5
4.1
4.1
2.9
1.7
2.1
1.5
1.1
1.3
.8
1.5
2.0
2.4
2.2
1.6
1.3
.8
1.9
3.1
2.3
3.9
4.0
3.4
4.5
3.2
2.7
2.8
2.4
3.5
2.4
4.1
4.1
3.6
5.1
6.2
11.3
17.4
19.5
20.2
19.1
19.7
18.3
10.2
14.7
12.3
15.8
18.2
15.7
17.3
18.3
19.4
22.6
30.5
29.9
20.2
28.8
46.0
36.2
44.3
51.4
65.2
91.9
111.4
109.0
145.0
R99.7
126.3
3 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between
4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973-2008, also includes Indonesia; for 1973-1992
and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on this
table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974-1995, also includes Gabon (although
Gabon was a member of OPEC for only 1975-1994); and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for
all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
5 Data shown here represent landed value; they differ from data in Table 3.7, which are data from U.S.
2
Total 5
7.6
15.6
19.0
25.8
34.7
33.3
51.0
64.9
58.5
42.2
35.2
35.8
31.2
20.6
30.1
26.3
37.7
45.5
38.0
39.5
38.9
39.1
44.3
55.8
54.4
37.6
54.9
91.4
74.3
79.8
97.7
133.2
182.2
218.3
248.9
334.2
R198.1
255.6
Customs that represent crude oil value at the port of loading.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. = No data reported. (s)=Less than $0.05 billion. W=Value withheld to
avoid disclosure of individual company data.
Notes: Crude oil import volumes used to calculate values in this table are for the 50 States and the
District of Columbia. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Calculated by using prices on Table 5.19 and volume data from the following sources:
1973-1975U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual
reports. 1976-1980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Statement, Annual,
annual reports. 1981-2009EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2010EIA, Petroleum
Supply Monthly (February 2011).
179
Figure 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2010

Summary
Composite Costs
100
100
80
Dollars per Barrel
Nominal Dollars per Barrel
120
80
60
40
60
40
Real
20
Imported
20
Nominal
Domestic
Composite
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Domestic Costs
1970
1980
1985
1990
2005
2010
2000
2005
2010
Dollars per Barrel
80
80
60
40
60
40
Real
Real
20
20
Nominal
Nominal
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

1970
1975
1980
Source: Table 5.21.
180
2000
100
100
1995
Imported Costs
120
Dollars per Barrel
1975
1985
1990
1995
Table 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2010

(Dollars per Barrel)
Domestic
Year
1968E
1969E
1970E
1971E
1972E
1973E
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
Imported
Nominal 1
Real 2
Nominal 1
Real 2
Nominal 1
Real 2
3.21
3.37
3.46
3.68
3.67
4.17
7.18
8.39
8.84
9.55
10.61
14.27
24.23
34.33
31.22
28.87
28.53
26.66
14.82
17.76
14.74
17.87
22.59
19.33
18.63
16.67
15.67
17.33
20.77
19.61
13.18
17.90
29.11
24.33
24.65
29.82
38.97
52.94
62.62
69.65
98.47
R59.49
77.96
14.58
14.59
14.23
14.41
13.78
14.83
23.42
25.00
24.91
25.30
26.26
32.61
50.74
65.73
56.34
50.12
47.74
43.30
23.55
27.42
22.00
25.71
31.29
25.86
24.34
21.31
19.62
21.25
25.00
23.19
15.41
20.63
32.84
26.84
26.76
31.69
40.27
52.94
60.64
R65.52
R90.66
R54.27
70.45
2.90
2.80
2.96
3.17
3.22
4.08
12.52
13.93
13.48
14.53
14.57
21.67
33.89
37.05
33.55
29.30
28.88
26.99
14.00
18.13
14.56
18.08
21.76
18.70
18.20
16.14
15.51
17.14
20.64
18.53
12.04
17.26
27.70
22.00
23.71
27.71
35.90
48.86
59.02
67.04
92.77
59.17
75.88
13.17
12.12
12.17
12.42
12.09
14.51
40.83
41.50
37.98
38.49
36.06
49.52
70.97
70.94
60.55
50.87
48.32
43.83
22.24
27.99
21.74
26.01
30.14
25.01
23.78
20.63
19.42
21.02
24.84
21.91
14.08
19.89
31.25
24.27
25.74
29.45
37.10
48.86
57.16
R63.07
R85.41
R53.98
68.57
3.17
3.29
3.40
3.60
3.58
4.15
9.07
10.38
10.89
11.96
12.46
17.72
28.07
35.24
31.87
28.99
28.63
26.75
14.55
17.90
14.67
17.97
22.22
19.06
18.43
16.41
15.59
17.23
20.71
19.04
12.52
17.51
28.26
22.95
24.10
28.53
36.98
50.24
60.24
67.94
94.74
R59.29
76.69
14.40
14.24
13.98
14.10
13.44
14.76
29.58
30.93
30.69
31.68
30.84
40.49
58.78
67.48
57.51
50.33
47.90
43.44
23.12
27.64
21.90
25.85
30.78
25.49
24.08
20.98
19.52
21.13
24.93
22.52
14.64
20.18
31.88
25.32
26.16
30.32
38.21
50.24
58.34
R63.92
R87.22
R54.09
69.30

Note: Costs are for crude oil to refiners, including transportation and other fees; they do not include
crude oil purchased for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. The cost for each category and for the composite
is derived by dividing the sum of the total purchasing (acquisition) costs of all refiners by the total volume of
all refiners purchases.
Sources: 1968-1973U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. The cost of domestic
2
Composite
crude oil was derived by adding estimated transportation costs to the reported average domestic first
purchase value. The cost of imported crude oil was derived by adding an estimated ocean transport cost
based on the published "Average Freight Rate Assessment" to the average "Free Alongside Ship" value
published by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The composite cost was derived by weighting domestic costs
and imported costs on the basis of quantities produced and imported. 1974-January 1976Federal
Energy Administration (FEA), Form FEA-96, "Monthly Cost Allocation Report." February 1976-June
1978FEA, Form FEA-P110-M-1, "Refiners Monthly Cost Allocation Report." July 1978-1982EIA,
Form ERA-49, "Domestic Crude Oil Entitlements Program Refiners Monthly Report."
1983
forwardEIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (April 2011), Table 1.
181
Figure 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010
To Resellers
To End Users
3.50
3.50
No. 2
Distillate
No. 2
Distillate
3.00
3.00
2.50
Dolllars per Gallon, Excluding Taxes
Dollars per Gallon, Excluding Taxes
2.50
2.00
Residual
Fuel
Oil
1.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
1.00
Motor Gasoline
Motor Gasoline
0.50
0.50
0.00
0.00
1994
1
182
Propane
Residual
Fuel Oil
Propane
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
1994
1996
1998
Source: Table 5.22.
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Table 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010
(Dollars 1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)
Product
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010 P
Sales Prices to Resellers: 2

Aviation Gasoline ............................
Motor Gasoline ...............................
Unleaded Regular .........................
Unleaded Midgrade ......................
Unleaded Premium .......................
Kerosene ........................................
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................
No. 1 Distillate ...............................
No. 2 Distillate ...............................
No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................
No. 2 Diesel Fuel ..........................
No. 4 Fuel 3 ....................................
Residual Fuel Oil ............................
Sulfur <= 1% 4 ..............................
Sulfur > 1% 4 ................................
Propane (Consumer Grade) ...........
0.933
.599
.566
.638
.695
.618
.534
.615
.522
.506
.529
.462
.317
.345
.287
.324
0.975
.626
.593
.670
.722
.580
.539
.625
.530
.511
.538
.463
.363
.383
.338
.344
1.055
.713
.685
.759
.803
.714
.646
.751
.653
.639
.659
.603
.420
.456
.389
.461
1.065
.700
.673
.749
.792
.653
.613
.723
.602
.590
.606
.551
.387
.415
.366
.416
0.912
.526
.499
.576
.617
.465
.450
.513
.439
.422
.444
.383
.280
.299
.269
.288
1.007
.645
.620
.696
.726
.550
.533
.634
.536
.493
.546
.430
.354
.382
.329
.342
1.330
.963
.942
1.013
1.055
.969
.880
1.019
.896
.886
.898
.778
.566
.627
.512
.595
1.256
.886
.865
.945
.980
.821
.763
.883
.779
.756
.775
.697
.476
.523
.428
.540
1.146
.828
.806
.885
.928
.752
.716
.805
.718
.694
.724
.663
.530
.546
.508
.431
1.288
1.002
.981
1.061
1.113
.955
.871
1.033
.882
.881
.883
.793
.661
.728
.588
.607
1.627
1.288
1.269
1.340
1.408
1.271
1.208
1.289
1.178
1.125
1.187
1.033
.681
.764
.601
.751
2.076
1.670
1.654
1.708
1.789
1.757
1.723
1.801
1.720
1.623
1.737
1.377
.971
1.115
.842
.933
2.490
1.969
1.950
2.016
2.117
2.007
1.961
2.044
1.991
1.834
2.012
1.395
1.136
1.202
1.085
1.031
2.758
2.182
2.161
2.245
2.357
2.249
2.171
2.430
2.190
2.072
2.203
1.551
1.350
1.406
1.314
1.194
3.342
2.586
2.570
2.610
2.746
2.851
3.020
2.712
2.970
2.745
2.994
2.157
1.866
1.918
1.843
1.437
2.480
1.767
1.747
1.784
1.958
1.844
1.719
2.050
1.707
1.657
1.713
1.561
1.342
1.337
1.344
.921
2.874
2.165
2.146
2.185
2.346
2.299
2.185
2.573
2.208
2.147
2.214
W
1.697
1.756
1.679
1.212
Sales Prices to End Users: 2

Aviation Gasoline ............................
Motor Gasoline ...............................
Unleaded Regular .........................
Unleaded Midgrade ......................
Unleaded Premium .......................
Kerosene ........................................
No. 1 Distillate ...............................
No. 2 Distillate ...............................
No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................
No. 2 Diesel Fuel ..........................
No. 4 Fuel 3 ....................................
Sulfur <= 1% 4 ..............................
Sulfur > 1% 4 ................................
Propane (Consumer Grade) ...........
.957
.738
.689
.785
.865
.660
.534
.640
.556
.572
.554
.501
.352
.401
.330
.530
1.005
.765
.717
.808
.890
.589
.540
.620
.560
.562
.560
.505
.392
.436
.377
.492
1.116
.847
.807
.896
.972
.740
.651
.726
.680
.673
.681
.603
.455
.526
.433
.605
1.128
.839
.798
.895
.973
.745
.613
.689
.642
.636
.642
.565
.423
.488
.403
.552
.975
.673
.630
.728
.805
.501
.452
.551
.492
.482
.494
.428
.305
.354
.287
.405
1.059
.781
.742
.835
.906
.605
.543
.621
.580
.558
.584
.474
.374
.405
.362
.458
1.306
1.106
1.073
1.168
1.242
1.123
.899
.988
.934
.927
.935
.769
.602
.708
.566
.603
1.323
1.032
.997
1.100
1.175
1.045
.775
.902
.840
.829
.842
.679
.531
.642
.492
.506
1.288
.947
.912
1.010
1.088
.990
.721
.828
.759
.737
.762
.657
.569
.640
.544
.419
1.493
1.156
1.123
1.218
1.305
1.224
.872
1.017
.942
.933
.944
.856
.698
.804
.651
.577
1.819
1.435
1.404
1.499
1.596
1.160
1.207
1.262
1.235
1.173
1.243
1.017
.739
.835
.692
.839
2.231
1.829
1.802
1.893
1.992
1.957
1.735
1.832
1.777
1.705
1.786
W
1.048
1.168
.974
1.089
2.682
2.128
2.099
2.213
2.320
2.244
1.998
2.137
2.091
1.982
2.096
W
1.218
1.342
1.173
1.358
2.849
2.345
2.315
2.438
2.552
2.263
2.165
2.286
2.266
2.241
2.267
W
1.374
1.436
1.350
1.489
3.273
2.775
2.748
2.879
2.965
3.283
3.052
2.983
3.143
2.986
3.150
W
1.964
2.144
1.889
1.892
2.442
1.888
1.856
1.997
R2.122
2.675
1.704
2.141
1.840
1.962
1.834
W
1.341
1.413
1.306
1.220
3.028
2.301
2.270
2.416
2.536
3.063
2.201
2.705
2.318
2.462
2.314
W
1.713
1.920
1.619
1.481
Refiner Margins 5
Motor Gasoline ...............................
No. 2 Distillate ...............................
Composite 6 ....................................
.228
.163
.151
-.054
.198
.216
.129
.120
-.048
.181
.220
.153
.160
-.072
.194
.247
.160
.149
-.066
.200
.228
.152
.141
-.018
.195
.228
.116
.119
-.063
.189
.290
.207
.223
-.107
.261
.340
.217
.233
-.070
.297
.254
.142
.144
-.044
.216
.323
.192
.203
-.018
.281
.408
.328
.298
-.199
.367
.474
.527
.524
-.225
.484
.535
.527
.557
-.298
.530
.564
.553
.572
-.268
.553
.330
.764
.714
-.390
.453
R.355
.339
.359
.382
-.129
.344
Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate
consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulk
customers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.
3 Includes No. 4 fuel oil and No. 4 diesel fuel.
4 Sulfur content by weight.
5 In this table, refiner margin is the difference between the composite refiner acquisition price of crude
2
R.307
R.295
R-.070
R.328
oil (see Table 5.21) and the price to resellers.

6 A volume weighted average of the refiner prices to resellers for aviation gasoline, kerosene-type jet
fuel, kerosene, motor gasoline, distillate fuel nos. 1, 2, and 4, and residual fuel oil.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (April 2011), Tables 1, 2,
4, 6, and 16.
183
Figure 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2010
Motor Gasoline, Selected Grades
To Resellers
Dollars per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)
3.00
To End Users
2.54
2.50
2.17
2.32
2.15
2.29
2.13
2.27
2.39
2.36
2.20
2.19
2.36
2.35
2.18
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
All Finished
Motor Gasoline
Unleaded
Regular
Unleaded
Regular
Conventional2
Unleaded
Regular
Refomulated
Unleaded
Midgrade
Unleaded
Midgrade
Conventional2
Unleaded
Premium
Distillate Fuel Oil, Residual Fuel Oil, and Propane

To Resellers
Dollars per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)
3.00
To End Users
2.80
2.45
2.50
2.42
2.22
2.21
2.38
2.18
2.18
2.31
1.98
2.00
1.73
1.73
1.50
1.23
1.00
0.50
(- -)
0.00
No. 2
Distillate
1
No. 2 Distillate
Fuel Oil to Residences
No. 2 Diesel
Fuel
Includes oxygenated motor gasoline.
3
> 15 and <= 500 parts per million.
4
> 500 parts per million.
2
184
No. 2 Diesel
Fuel, Low Sulfur3
No. 2 Diesel
Fuel, High Sulfur4
- - = Not applicable.
Note: Data are preliminary.
Source: Table 5.23.
Residual
Fuel Oil
Propane
(Consumer Grade)
Table 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1994-2010
(Dollars 1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)
Product
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010 P
Sales Prices to Resellers 2

Motor Gasoline .........................................
Unleaded Regular ...................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
Unleaded Midgrade ................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
Unleaded Premium .................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
No. 2 Distillate ..........................................
No. 2 Diesel Fuel ....................................
Ultra-Low Sulfur (<= 15 ppm 4) .............
Low Sulfur (> 15 and <= 500 ppm 4) ....
High Sulfur (> 500 ppm 4) .....................
Residual Fuel Oil ......................................
Sulfur <= 1% 5 ........................................
Sulfur > 1% 5 ..........................................
Propane (Consumer Grade) .....................
0.602
.571
.565
.627
.632
.641
.633
.689
.722
.696
.686
.757
.769
.529
.538
NA
.542
.519
.322
.350
.298
.336
0.630
.599
.583
.662
.646
.673
.651
.711
.719
.724
.695
.787
.779
.536
.546
NA
.551
.524
.366
.383
.344
.354
0.715
.689
.672
.745
.733
.760
.737
.789
.802
.804
.777
.851
.851
.660
.667
NA
.673
.639
.427
.461
.397
.471
0.703
.677
.658
.754
.725
.751
.723
.791
.801
.794
.764
.856
.845
.611
.616
NA
.619
.602
.396
.424
.375
.426
0.530
.504
.484
.575
.551
.579
.550
.599
.632
.618
.587
.674
.671
.450
.454
NA
.457
.437
.284
.305
.271
.297
0.645
.621
.596
.690
.676
.694
.658
.695
.758
.724
.688
.779
.787
.538
.552
NA
.557
.519
.355
.382
.333
.354
0.966
.946
.918
1.016
1.006
1.014
.977
1.021
1.080
1.055
1.013
1.119
1.117
.901
.904
NA
.909
.875
.579
.638
.523
.603
0.888
.868
.838
.947
.930
.945
.901
.965
1.022
.980
.933
1.020
1.054
.785
.791
NA
.794
.771
.496
.542
.438
.556
0.832
.813
.794
.858
.856
.886
.852
.885
.952
.929
.897
.952
.986
.728
.735
NA
.738
.712
.526
.548
.502
.440
1.001
.982
.950
1.031
1.058
1.056
1.015
1.043
1.150
1.105
1.055
1.131
1.189
.891
.891
NA
.895
.870
.675
.732
.621
.615
1.288
1.271
1.241
1.289
1.339
1.338
1.304
1.305
1.410
1.400
1.351
1.390
1.467
1.178
1.191
NA
1.197
1.146
.682
.740
.638
.761
1.675
1.659
1.639
1.667
1.708
1.719
1.697
1.682
1.790
1.792
1.756
1.761
1.844
1.727
1.754
NA
1.761
1.704
1.006
1.107
.899
.939
1.973
1.956
1.930
1.951
2.022
2.024
1.992
1.999
2.127
2.122
2.083
2.049
2.181
1.999
2.029
NA
2.045
1.915
1.141
1.205
1.087
1.041
2.186
2.165
32.145
(3)
2.215
2.252
32.235
(3)
2.311
2.362
32.330
(3)
2.407
2.208
2.230
2.258
2.211
1.959
1.342
1.377
1.314
1.206
2.587
2.570
32.564
(3)
2.583
2.636
32.611
(3)
2.730
2.749
32.743
(3)
2.757
2.975
3.013
3.022
2.983
2.887
1.851
1.898
1.821
1.455
1.773
1.753
31.732
(3)
1.799
1.803
31.777
(3)
R1.903
1.959
31.932
(3)
1.994
1.727
1.730
1.742
1.648
R1.724
1.341
1.349
1.337
.955
2.169
2.151
32.133
(3)
2.187
2.196
32.176
(3)
2.275
2.350
32.327
(3)
2.376
2.216
2.219
2.222
2.180
2.177
1.727
1.812
1.694
1.226
Sales Prices to End Users 2

Motor Gasoline .........................................
Unleaded Regular ...................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
Unleaded Midgrade ................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
Unleaded Premium .................................
Conventional 3 ......................................
Oxygenated 3 ........................................
Reformulated ........................................
No. 2 Distillate ..........................................
No. 2 Distillate to Residences 6 ..............
No. 2 Diesel Fuel ....................................
Ultra-Low Sulfur (<= 15 ppm 4) .............
Low Sulfur (> 15 and <= 500 ppm 4) ....
High Sulfur (> 500 ppm 4) .....................
Residual Fuel Oil ......................................
Sulfur <= 1% 5 ........................................
Sulfur > 1% 5 ..........................................
Propane (Consumer Grade) .....................
.729
.690
.685
.737
.743
.770
.766
.821
.851
.852
.846
.908
.937
.675
.884
.628
NA
.642
.598
.358
.403
.327
.776
.761
.721
.714
.773
.741
.802
.793
.838
.829
.883
.871
.938
.914
.673
.867
.636
NA
.645
.614
.397
.433
.376
.766
.843
.809
.801
.861
.833
.885
.874
.929
.916
.962
.950
1.019
.991
.793
.989
.757
NA
.767
.732
.464
.529
.430
.886
.831
.797
.785
.887
.822
.880
.865
.964
.915
.955
.939
1.054
.988
.753
.984
.714
NA
.719
.698
.429
.472
.407
.878
.660
.623
.610
.694
.651
.711
.695
.763
.748
.786
.769
.845
.822
.599
.852
.562
NA
.565
.555
.311
.356
.292
.774
.762
.728
.708
.782
.777
.812
.787
.853
.869
.880
.856
.940
.931
.678
.876
.654
NA
.663
.620
.378
.406
.366
.781
1.091
1.063
1.044
1.118
1.109
1.146
1.122
1.185
1.197
1.218
1.192
1.279
1.267
1.044
1.311
1.006
NA
1.014
.981
.609
.683
.576
1.048
1.022
.993
.968
1.059
1.051
1.086
1.052
1.120
1.156
1.154
1.119
1.218
1.217
.948
1.250
.912
NA
.917
.892
.533
.620
.498
1.094
.943
.915
.901
.964
.949
1.002
.985
1.031
1.042
1.081
1.063
1.128
1.116
.874
1.129
.837
NA
.841
.822
.561
.612
.540
.958
1.135
1.108
1.082
1.142
1.183
1.195
1.166
1.193
1.277
1.282
1.245
1.307
1.355
1.058
1.355
1.008
NA
1.014
.986
.696
.785
.651
1.150
1.423
1.399
1.373
1.414
1.478
1.482
1.453
1.459
1.569
1.580
1.538
1.568
1.660
1.339
1.548
1.316
NA
1.325
1.281
.725
.794
.687
1.307
1.828
1.807
1.789
1.768
1.861
1.877
1.855
1.824
1.945
1.988
1.958
1.915
2.043
1.895
2.052
1.886
NA
1.899
1.833
1.041
1.148
.985
1.530
2.121
2.098
2.073
2.076
2.168
2.183
2.151
2.138
2.273
2.303
2.263
2.236
2.373
2.176
2.365
2.165
NA
2.183
2.084
1.212
1.322
1.175
1.727
2.338
2.313
32.297
(3)
2.357
2.412
32.389
(3)
2.476
2.529
32.497
(3)
2.584
2.365
2.592
2.348
2.386
2.317
2.187
1.376
1.445
1.354
1.888
2.772
2.750
32.731
(3)
2.807
2.846
32.816
(3)
2.936
2.961
32.935
(3)
3.004
3.222
3.219
3.230
3.233
3.232
3.187
1.944
2.098
1.896
2.245
R1.893
2.316
2.290
32.267
(3)
2.358
2.390
32.357
(3)
2.494
2.542
32.504
(3)
2.607
2.449
2.798
2.415
2.423
2.381
2.308
1.729
1.953
1.662
1.976
Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate
consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulk
customers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.
3 Beginning in 2007, oxygenated motor gasoline is included with conventional motor gasoline.
4 "Ppm" is parts per million.
5 Sulfur content by weight.
2
R1.867
3,R1.842
(3)
1.944
1.969
3,R1.934
(3)
2.077
R2.124
3,R2.082
(3)
R2.196
1.964
2.386
1.918
1.922
1.913
1.865
R1.340
1.422
R1.312
1.777
6 See Note 5, "Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices," at end of section for historical data.
Sources: 1994-2009U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Marketing Annual,
annual reports. 2010EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (April 2011); EIA, Form EIA-782A,
"Refiners/Gas Plant Operators Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report"; and EIA, Form EIA-782B,
"Resellers/Retailers Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report."
185
Figure 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices
Motor Gasoline, All Grades, 1978-2010
Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type and On-Highway Diesel Fuel, 2010
4.50
Nominal Dollars per Gallon
4.00
Dollars per Gallon
3.00
2.00
Real1
1.00
Nominal
3.00
2.992
2.864
2.782
Reformulated
Gasoline Areas4
All Areas
2.742
1.50
0.00
0.00
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Conventional
Gasoline Areas
2010
On-Highway
Diesel Fuel
Regular Motor Gasoline
Motor Gasoline Price and Consumption, 1978-2010, Indexed to 1978
4.00
2.0
3.00
1.5
Index: 1978=1.0
Nominal Dollars per Gallon
Motor Gasoline by Grade, 1949-2010
Unleaded
Premium
2.00
1.00
0.00
Real Price5
0.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
1
2
3
Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.
186
1.0
0.5
Unleaded
Regular
Leaded Regular
Consumption
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
4
Reformulated Gasoline Areas are ozone nonattainment areas designated by the Environmental Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated gasoline.
5
All grades, in chained (2005) dollars.
Table 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Dollars per Gallon)
Motor Gasoline by Grade
Leaded Regular
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1
Unleaded Regular
Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type
Unleaded Premium
Conventional
Gasoline Areas 1,2
Reformulated
Gasoline Areas 3,4
All Areas
On-Highway
Diesel Fuel
Nominal 5
Nominal 5
Nominal 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.098
1.087
1.067
1.075
1.111
R1.199
1.199
1.030
1.136
1.484
1.420
1.345
1.561
1.852
2.270
2.572
2.796
3.246
2.353
2.782
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.109
1.235
1.198
1.044
1.121
1.491
1.401
1.319
1.509
1.810
2.402
2.705
2.885
3.803
2.467
2.992
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
0.268
.268
.291
.311
.312
.357
.567
.590
.622
.626
.857
1.191
1.311
1.222
1.157
1.129
1.115
.857
.897
.899
.998
1.149
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.850
1.830
1.754
1.672
1.566
1.468
1.689
1.662
1.648
1.550
1.958
2.494
2.510
2.205
2.009
1.889
1.811
1.362
1.385
1.342
1.436
1.591
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.614
.656
.670
.903
1.245
1.378
1.296
1.241
1.212
1.202
.927
.948
.946
1.021
1.164
1.140
1.127
1.108
1.112
1.147
1.231
1.234
1.059
1.165
1.510
1.461
1.358
1.591
1.880
2.295
2.589
2.801
3.266
2.350
2.788
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.730
1.738
1.658
2.063
2.607
2.639
2.339
2.154
2.028
1.952
1.473
1.464
1.412
1.469
1.612
1.525
1.473
1.416
1.392
1.407
1.482
1.459
1.238
1.343
1.703
1.612
1.474
1.691
1.943
2.295
2.507
2.635
3.007
2.144
2.519
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.470
1.415
1.383
1.366
1.340
1.085
1.093
1.107
1.197
1.349
1.321
1.316
1.302
1.305
1.336
1.413
1.416
1.250
1.357
1.693
1.657
1.556
1.777
2.068
2.491
2.805
3.033
3.519
2.607
3.047
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.815
2.554
2.401
2.286
2.176
1.724
1.688
1.653
1.722
1.868
1.767
1.720
1.664
1.634
1.639
1.701
1.675
1.462
1.564
1.910
1.828
1.689
1.888
2.137
2.491
2.717
R2.853
3.240
2.378
2.754
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.652
.882
1.221
1.353
1.281
1.225
1.198
1.196
.931
.957
.963
1.060
1.217
1.196
1.190
1.173
1.174
1.205
1.288
1.291
1.115
1.221
1.563
1.531
1.441
1.638
1.923
2.338
2.635
2.849
3.317
2.401
2.836
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.614
2.015
2.557
2.591
2.312
2.127
2.004
1.942
1.479
1.478
1.438
1.525
1.686
1.600
1.555
1.500
1.470
1.478
1.550
1.527
1.304
1.407
1.763
1.689
1.564
1.741
1.987
2.338
2.552
2.680
R3.054
2.190
2.563
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.098
1.087
21.067
21.072
21.103
21.192
21.189
21.017
21.116
21.462
1.384
1.313
1.516
1.812
2.240
2.533
2.767
3.213
2.315
2.742
Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.
For 1993-2000, data collected for oxygenated areas are included in "Conventional Gasoline Areas."
"Reformulated Gasoline Areas" are ozone nonattainment areas designated by the Environmental
Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated gasoline.
4 For 1995-2000, data collected for combined oxygenated and reformulated areas are included in
"Reformulated Gasoline Areas."
2
All Grades
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
41.163
4,R1.242
41.252
41.078
41.195
41.543
1.498
1.408
1.655
1.937
2.335
2.654
2.857
3.314
2.433
2.864
Note: See "Motor Gasoline Grades," "Motor Gasoline, Conventional," "Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated,"
and "Motor Gasoline, Reformulated" in Glossary.
Sources: Motor Gasoline by Grade: 1949-1973Platts Oil Price Handbook and Oilmanac, 1974,
51st Edition. 1974 forwardU.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), annual averages of monthly
data from the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. City Average Gasoline Prices.
Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type: EIA, weighted annual averages of data from "Weekly U.S. Retail
Gasoline Prices, Regular Grade." On-Highway Diesel Fuel: EIA, weighted annual averages of data from
"Weekly Retail On-Highway Diesel Prices."
187
gasoline adjustment method to gasoline product supplied data for 1992 increased
the reported quantity 108 thousand barrels per day at the U.S. level from 7,268
thousand barrels per day to 7,376 thousand barrels per day.
Petroleum
Note 1. Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption. Petroleum
product supplied (see Table 5.11) is used as an approximation of petroleum
consumption. Petroleum products supplied is calculated as field production plus
renewable fuels and oxygenates production plus processing gain plus net imports
minus stock change plus adjustments. Total products supplied include natural
gas plant liquids, unfinished oils, aviation gasoline blending components, and
finished petroleum products. Crude oil burned on leases and at pipeline stations
was reported as product supplied for either distillate fuel oil or residual fuel oil
until January 1983. From January 1983 through December 2010, crude oil product supplied was reported based on quantities reported on Form EIA-813
Monthly Crude Oil Report. Beginning with data for January 2010, reporting
crude oil used directly on Form EIA-813 was discontinued, and crude oil product
supplied was assumed equal to zero. The sector allocation of product supplied in
Tables 5.13a-5.13d for products used in more than one sector is derived from
sales to ultimate consumers by refiners, marketers, distributors, and dealers (see
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) report Fuel Oil and Kerosene
Sales) and from EIA electric power sector petroleum consumption data (see
Tables 8.7b and 8.7c).
Note 2. Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics. Beginning in January 1981, several U.S. Energy Information Administration
survey forms and calculation methodologies were changed to reflect new developments in refinery and blending plant practices and to improve data integrity. Those
changes affect production and product supplied statistics for motor gasoline, distillate
fuel oil, and residual fuel oil, and stocks of motor gasoline. On the basis of those
changes, motor gasoline production during the last half of 1980 would have averaged
289 thousand barrels per day higher than that which was published on the old basis.
Distillate and residual fuel oil production and product supplied for all of 1980 would
have averaged, respectively, 105 thousand and 54 thousand barrels per day higher than
the numbers that were published. A new adjustment was introduced for calculating
finished motor gasoline product supplied beginning with data for January 1993. The
new adjustment transferred product supplied for motor gasoline blending components and fuel ethanol to supply of finished motor gasoline. Applying the new
188
Note 3. Gross Input to Distillation Units. The methods of deriving Gross Input
to Distillation Units (GIDU) in this report are as follows: for 1949-1966, GIDU is
estimated by summing annual crude oil runs to stills, net unfinished oil reruns at
refineries, and shipments of natural gasoline and plant condensate from natural gas
processing plants to refineries; for 1967-1973, GIDU is estimated by summing
annual crude oil runs to stills, net unfinished oil reruns, and refinery input of natural
gasoline and plant condensate; for 1974-1980, GIDU is published annual data; and
for 1981 forward, GIDU is the sum of reported monthly data.
Note 4. Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. Crude oil domestic first
purchase prices were derived as follows: for 1949-1973, weighted average
domestic first purchase values as reported by State agencies and calculated by
the Bureau of Mines; for 1974 and 1975, weighted averages of a sample survey
of major first purchasers purchases; for 1976 forward, weighted averages of all
first purchasers purchases.
Note 5. Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices. Residential heating oil prices
for 1956 through 1987 were formerly published in the Annual Energy Review.
Those data, in cents per gallon, are: 195615.2; 195716.0; 195815.1;
195915.3; 196015.0; 196115.6; 196215.6; 196316.0; 196416.1;
196516.0; 196616.4; 196716.9; 196817.4; 196917.8; 197018.5;
197119.6; 197219.7; 197322.8; 197436.0; 197537.7; 197640.6;
197746.0; 197849.0; 197970.4; 198097.4; 1981119.4; 1982116.0;
1983107.8; 1984109.1; 1985105.3; 198683.6; and 198780.3. The
sources of these data are: 1956-1974Bureau of Labor Statistics, Retail Prices and
Indexes of Fuels and Utilities for Residential Usage, monthly; January
1975September 1977Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-P112-M-1,
No. 2 Heating Oil Supply/Price Monitoring Report; October 1977December
1977U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-9, No. 2 Heating Oil Supply/Price Monitoring Report; 1978 forwardEIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual, Table 15.
6. Natural Gas
Figure 6.0
Natural Gas Flow, 2010

(Trillion Cubic Feet)
Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources.
Lease and plant fuel, and other industrial.
3
Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors), and as fuel in
the delivery of natural gas to consumers; plus a small quantity used as vehicle fuel.
2
191
Figure 6.1
Natural Gas Overview
Overview, 1949-2010
Overview, 2010
30
30
Consumption
24.1
25
21.6
20
Production
15
10
5
Net Imports
Trillion Cubic Feet
Trillion Cubic Feet
25
20
15
10
-5
3.7
1.1
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Production
2010
Imports
Exports
Consumption
Storage Additions and Withdrawals, 1949-2010

4
Trillion Cubic Feet
3
Additions to Storage
2
Withdrawals from Storage
0
1950
1
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Dry gas.
Underground storage. For 1980-2009, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-ground
tanks.
1980
1985
1990
Source: Table 6.1.
192
1995
2000
2005
2010
Table 6.1 Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010

(Billion Cubic Feet)
Storage 1 Activity
Trade
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1
Dry Gas
Production
5,195
6,022
9,029
12,228
15,286
21,014
19,236
19,098
19,163
19,122
19,663
19,403
19,181
17,820
16,094
17,466
16,454
16,059
16,621
17,103
17,311
17,810
17,698
17,840
18,095
18,821
18,599
18,854
18,902
19,024
18,832
19,182
19,616
18,928
19,099
18,591
18,051
18,504
19,266
R20,159
R20,580
E21,577
Supplemental
Gaseous Fuels 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
155
176
145
132
110
126
113
101
101
107
123
113
118
119
111
110
109
103
102
98
90
86
68
68
60
64
66
63
61
R65
P67
Imports
Exports
Net Imports
0
0
11
156
456
821
953
964
1,011
966
1,253
985
904
933
918
843
950
750
993
1,294
1,382
1,532
1,773
2,138
2,350
2,624
2,841
2,937
2,994
3,152
3,586
3,782
3,977
4,015
3,944
4,259
4,341
4,186
4,608
3,984
R3,751
P3,737
20
26
31
11
26
70
73
65
56
53
56
49
59
52
55
55
55
61
54
74
107
86
129
216
140
162
154
153
157
159
163
244
373
516
680
854
729
724
822
R963
R1,072
P1,136
-20
-26
-20
144
430
751
880
899
955
913
1,198
936
845
882
864
788
894
689
939
1,220
1,275
1,447
1,644
1,921
2,210
2,462
2,687
2,784
2,837
2,993
3,422
3,538
3,604
3,499
3,264
3,404
3,612
3,462
3,785
R3,021
R2,679
P2,601
Underground storage. For 1980-2009, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-ground tanks.
See Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section.
4 Net withdrawals equal withdrawals minus additions. Minus sign indicates additions are greater than
withdrawals.
5 Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources. Since 1980, excludes
intransit shipments that cross the U.S.-Canada border (i.e., natural gas delivered to its destination via the
other country).
6 See Note 2, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section.
7 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted in
both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector" on Table 6.5. See Note 3, "Natural Gas Consumption,
1989-1992," at end of section.
2
3
Withdrawals
Additions
Net Withdrawals 4
Balancing Item 5
106
175
437
713
960
1,459
1,760
1,921
1,750
2,158
2,047
1,972
1,930
2,164
2,270
2,098
2,397
1,837
1,905
2,270
2,854
1,986
2,752
2,772
2,799
2,579
3,025
2,981
2,894
2,432
2,808
3,550
2,344
3,180
3,161
3,088
3,107
2,527
3,375
R3,420
R3,007
P3,303
172
230
505
844
1,078
1,857
2,104
1,756
2,307
2,278
2,295
1,949
2,228
2,472
1,822
2,295
2,163
1,984
1,911
2,211
2,528
2,499
2,672
2,599
2,835
2,865
2,610
2,979
2,870
2,961
2,636
2,721
3,510
2,713
3,358
3,202
3,055
2,963
3,183
R3,385
R3,362
P3,298
-66
-54
-68
-132
-118
-398
-344
165
-557
-120
-248
23
-297
-308
447
-197
235
-147
-6
59
326
-513
80
173
-36
-286
415
2
24
-530
172
829
-1,166
467
-197
-114
52
-436
192
34
R-355
P5
-139
-175
-247
-274
-319
-228
-235
-216
-41
-287
-372
-640
-500
-537
-703
-217
-428
-493
-444
-453
101
307
27
176
401
139
396
860
871
657
-119
-305
99
45
44
448
232
89
-209
R-7
R-130
P-117
Consumption 6
4,971
5,767
8,694
11,967
15,280
21,139
19,538
19,946
19,521
19,627
20,241
19,877
19,404
18,001
16,835
17,951
17,281
16,221
17,211
18,030
719,119
719,174
719,562
720,228
20,790
21,247
22,207
22,609
22,737
22,246
22,405
23,333
22,239
23,007
22,277
22,389
22,011
21,685
23,097
R23,268
R22,840
P24,133
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.

Notes: Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60 F. For
prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60 F. Totals may not equal sum of components due
to independent rounding.
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#naturalgas for all data beginning in
1949. For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/.
Sources: Dry Gas Production: Table 6.2. Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: 1980-2005U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. 2006 forwardEIA,
Natural Gas Monthly (NGM) (March 2011), Table 1.
Trade:
Table 6.3.
Storage Activity:
1949-2009EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2010EIA, NGM (March 2011), Table 6. Balancing Item:
Calculated as consumption minus dry gas production, supplemental gaseous fuels, net imports, and net
withdrawals. Consumption: Table 6.5.
193
Figure 6.2
Natural Gas Production
Gross Withdrawals and Dry Gas Production, 1949-2010
Production Flow, 2010

(Trillion Cubic Feet)
30
25
Gross Withdrawals
Trillion Cubic Feet
20
Dry Gas
Production
15
Gross Withdrawals by Well Type, 2010

20
10
Trillion Cubic Feet
15
14.8
10
5.8
4.3
2.0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
1
Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids, which are transferred to petroleum supply.
194
Natural Gas
Wells
Source: Table 6.2.
Crude Oil
Wells
Shale Gas
Wells
Coalbed
Wells
Table 6.2 Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Natural Gas Wells

4,986
5,603
7,842
10,853
13,524
18,595
17,380
17,191
17,416
17,394
18,034
17,573
17,337
15,809
14,153
15,513
14,535
14,154
14,807
15,467
15,709
16,054
16,018
16,165
16,691
17,351
17,282
17,737
17,844
17,729
17,590
17,726
18,129
17,795
17,882
17,885
17,472
17,996
17,065
R15,618
R14,839
E14,760
Crude Oil Wells
Coalbed Wells
Shale Gas Wells
2,561
2,876
3,878
4,234
4,440
5,192
3,723
3,753
3,681
3,915
3,849
4,297
4,251
4,463
4,506
4,754
5,071
4,977
5,333
5,532
5,366
5,469
5,732
5,967
6,035
6,230
6,462
6,376
6,369
6,380
6,233
6,448
6,371
6,146
6,237
6,084
5,985
5,539
5,818
R5,747
R5,813
E5,782
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,780
R1,986
R1,977
E1,967
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2,284
3,384
E4,350
Total
Repressuring
Nonhydrocarbon
Gases Removed
Vented
and Flared
1,273
1,397
1,541
1,754
1,604
1,376
861
859
935
1,181
1,245
1,365
1,312
1,388
1,458
1,630
1,915
1,838
2,208
2,478
2,475
2,489
2,772
2,973
3,103
3,231
3,565
3,511
3,492
3,427
3,293
3,380
3,371
3,455
3,548
3,702
3,700
3,265
3,663
3,639
R3,522
E3,427
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
199
222
208
222
224
326
337
376
460
362
289
276
280
414
412
388
518
599
617
615
505
463
502
499
654
711
731
661
R719
R722
E702
854
801
774
563
319
489
134
132
137
153
167
125
98
93
95
108
95
98
124
143
142
150
170
168
227
228
284
272
256
103
110
91
97
99
98
96
119
129
143
167
R165
E161
7,547
8,480
11,720
15,088
17,963
23,786
21,104
20,944
21,097
21,309
21,883
21,870
21,587
20,272
18,659
20,267
19,607
19,131
20,140
20,999
21,074
21,523
21,750
22,132
22,726
23,581
23,744
24,114
24,213
24,108
23,823
24,174
24,501
23,941
24,119
23,970
23,457
23,535
24,664
R25,636
R26,013
P26,858
1 Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids, which are transferred to
petroleum supply (see Tables 5.1b and 5.10).
Notes: Beginning with 1965 data, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60 F.
For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60 F. Totals may not equal sum of components
Marketed
Production
5,420
6,282
9,405
12,771
16,040
21,921
20,109
19,952
20,025
19,974
20,471
20,180
19,956
18,582
16,884
18,304
17,270
16,859
17,433
17,918
18,095
18,594
18,532
18,712
18,982
19,710
19,506
19,812
19,866
19,961
19,805
20,198
20,570
19,885
19,974
19,517
18,927
19,410
20,196
R21,112
R21,604
E22,569
Extraction
Loss 1
224
260
377
543
753
906
872
854
863
852
808
777
775
762
790
838
816
800
812
816
785
784
835
872
886
889
908
958
964
938
973
1,016
954
957
876
927
876
906
930
953
R1,024
P992
Dry Gas
Production
5,195
6,022
9,029
12,228
15,286
21,014
19,236
19,098
19,163
19,122
19,663
19,403
19,181
17,820
16,094
17,466
16,454
16,059
16,621
17,103
17,311
17,810
17,698
17,840
18,095
18,821
18,599
18,854
18,902
19,024
18,832
19,182
19,616
18,928
19,099
18,591
18,051
18,504
19,266
R20,159
R20,580
E21,577
Sources: Natural Gas Wells, Crude Oil Wells, and Coalbed Wells: 1949-1966Bureau of Mines,
Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas" chapter. 1967-2009U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. 2010EIA estimates based on previous years data. Shale
Gas Wells: 2008 and 2009EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2010EIA estimate based on data from
HPDI, LLC. Total Gross Withdrawals, Marketed Production, Extraction Loss, and Dry Gas
Production: 1949-2005EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2006 forwardEIA, Natural Gas Monthly (March
2011), Table 1. All Other Data: 1949-2009EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2010EIA estimates based
on previous years data.
195
Figure 6.3
Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports
Trade Overview, 1949-2010

5
Trillion Cubic Feet
2
Total Imports
Total Exports
1
Imports from Canada1
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Trade, 2010
1980
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Net Imports as Share of Consumption, 1958-2010

20
1985
Imports by Selected Country of Origin
Percent
Trillion Cubic Feet
15
3.28
10.8% in 2010
Exports by
Country of Destination
0.33
0.27
0.03
0
Canada
Trinidad
and
Tobago
Other4
Canada
Mexico 5
Japan
By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas in 1973, 1977, and 1981.
By pipeline.
3
As liquefied natural gas.
2
196
0.74
0.19
10
4.2% in 1986
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
4
By pipeline from Mexico, and as liquefied natural gas from Egypt, Nigeria, Norway, Qatar, Peru,
and Yemen.
5
By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas.
Source: Table 6.3.
Table 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Billion Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)
Imports by Country of Origin
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
Algeria 2
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
10
11
84
253
86
37
55
131
36
24
0
0
17
42
84
64
43
82
51
18
35
66
69
76
47
65
27
53
120
97
17
77
0
0
0
Canada 3
0
0
11
109
405
779
948
954
997
881
1,001
797
762
783
712
755
926
749
993
1,276
1,339
1,448
1,710
2,094
2,267
2,566
2,816
2,883
2,899
3,052
3,368
3,544
3,729
3,785
3,437
3,607
3,700
3,590
3,783
3,589
R3,271
3,276
Egypt 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
73
120
115
55
160
73
Mexico 3
0
0
(s)
47
52
41
0
0
2
0
0
102
105
95
75
52
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
7
7
14
17
15
55
12
10
2
0
0
9
13
54
43
28
30
Nigeria 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
38
8
50
12
8
57
95
12
13
42
Qatar 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
46
23
35
14
12
3
0
18
3
13
46
Trinidad
and Tobago 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
51
99
98
151
378
462
439
389
448
267
236
190
Other 2,4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
12
17
17
R21
R14
R8
R11
R46
R11
0
18
15
29
81
Net imports equal imports minus exports.

As liquefied natural gas.
3 By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas imported from Canada in 1973,
1977, and 1981, and exported to Mexico beginning in 1998.
4 Australia in 1997-2001 and 2004; Brunei in 2002; Equatorial Guinea in 2007; Indonesia in 1986 and
2000; Malaysia in 1999 and 2002-2005; Norway in 2008 forward; Oman in 2000-2005; Peru in 2010; United
Arab Emirates in 1996-2000; Yemen in 2010; and Other (unassigned) in 2004.
5 Brazil in 2010; India in 2010; Russia in 2007; South Korea in 2009 and 2010; Spain in 2010; and
United Kingdom in 2010.
6 Not meaningful because there were net exports during this year.
2
Net Imports 1
Exports by Country of Destination
Total
Canada 3
0
0
11
156
456
821
953
964
1,011
966
1,253
985
904
933
918
843
950
750
993
1,294
1,382
1,532
1,773
2,138
2,350
2,624
2,841
2,937
2,994
3,152
3,586
3,782
3,977
4,015
3,944
4,259
4,341
4,186
4,608
3,984
R3,751
3,737
(s)
3
11
6
18
11
10
8
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
9
3
20
38
17
15
68
45
53
28
52
56
40
39
73
167
189
271
395
358
341
482
R559
R701
738
Japan 2
Mexico 3
0
0
0
0
0
44
53
50
52
48
51
45
56
50
53
53
53
50
49
52
51
53
54
53
56
63
65
68
62
66
64
66
66
63
66
62
65
61
47
R39
31
33
20
23
20
6
8
15
9
7
4
4
4
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
17
16
60
96
40
47
61
34
38
53
61
106
141
263
343
397
305
322
292
365
338
333
Other 2,5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
32
Total
Total
20
26
31
11
26
70
73
65
56
53
56
49
59
52
55
55
55
61
54
74
107
86
129
216
140
162
154
153
157
159
163
244
373
516
680
854
729
724
822
R963
R1,072
1,136
-20
-26
-20
144
430
751
880
899
955
913
1,198
936
845
882
864
788
894
689
939
1,220
1,275
1,447
1,644
1,921
2,210
2,462
2,687
2,784
2,837
2,993
3,422
3,538
3,604
3,499
3,264
3,404
3,612
3,462
3,785
R3,021
R2,679
2,601
Percent of U.S.
Consumption
(6)
(6)
(6)
1.2
2.8
3.6
4.5
4.5
4.9
4.7
5.9
4.7
4.4
4.9
5.1
4.4
5.2
4.2
5.5
6.8
6.7
7.5
8.4
9.5
10.6
11.6
12.1
12.3
12.5
13.5
15.3
15.2
16.2
15.2
14.7
15.2
16.4
16.0
16.4
R13.0
11.7
10.8
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet.

Sources: Percent of U.S. Consumption: Calculated. All Other Data: 1949-1954U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas"
chapter. 1955-1971EIA, Federal Power Commission, by telephone. 1972-1987EIA, Form
FPC-14, "Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas."
1988-2008EIA, Natural Gas
Annual, annual reports. 2009 and 2010EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (March 2011), Table 4.
197
Figure 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2010
Gross Withdrawals by Location
Number of Producing Wells
30
600
25
500
Total
20
400
Thousands
Trillion Cubic Feet (Cumulative)
510 in 2010
Offshore
15
Onshore
10
200
5
0
1960
100
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
0
1960
2010
Gross Withdrawals by State and Federal Gulf of Mexico
Thousand Cubic Feet per Day per Well
Trillion Cubic Feet
10
Louisiana
Texas
5
Oklahoma
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
Federal
GOM
2000
2005
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Peak productivity: 435 in 1971
400
300
200
79 in 2010
100
0
1960
2010
Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico;
beginning in 1997, these are included in Federal Gulf of Mexico.
198
1970
500
Other
States
1965
Natural Gas Well Average Productivity
15
0
1960
300
1965
1970
1975
Gulf of Mexico.
Source: Table 6.4.
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Table 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1960-2010
Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals From Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Coalbed, and Shale Gas Wells
State
Texas 1
Louisiana 1
Year
1960
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Oklahoma
Other
States 1
Federal
Gulf of Mexico 2
Total
Onshore 3
Billion Cubic Feet

6,965
7,741
7,935
8,292
8,566
8,915
9,399
9,519
9,550
9,290
8,859
7,989
7,666
7,496
6,988
7,594
7,656
7,452
6,976
6,429
6,712
6,577
6,656
6,688
6,919
6,881
6,907
6,846
6,708
6,817
6,912
6,873
7,028
15,730
5,799
5,575
5,723
5,752
5,661
5,791
5,734
6,007
6,326
6,961
R7,801
R7,654
P7,547
3,313
4,764
5,365
6,087
6,778
7,561
8,076
8,319
8,160
8,491
7,920
7,242
7,143
7,351
7,639
7,359
7,008
6,830
6,217
5,379
5,888
5,218
4,965
5,205
5,248
5,143
5,303
5,100
4,977
5,047
5,226
5,163
5,351
11,538
1,579
1,599
1,485
1,525
1,382
1,378
1,377
1,310
1,378
1,383
R1,388
R1,559
P2,258
1,133
1,414
1,502
1,621
1,607
1,742
1,811
1,809
1,928
1,890
1,757
1,721
1,842
1,888
1,892
1,958
2,019
2,019
1,985
1,780
2,046
1,993
1,972
2,073
2,167
2,237
2,258
2,154
2,017
2,050
1,935
1,812
1,735
1,704
1,669
1,594
1,613
1,615
1,582
1,558
1,656
1,639
1,689
1,784
R1,887
R1,858
P1,827
3,677
4,044
4,232
4,252
4,375
4,462
4,501
4,442
4,378
4,396
4,314
4,152
4,293
4,362
4,790
4,973
5,187
5,287
5,094
5,071
5,620
5,818
5,538
6,174
6,665
6,813
7,054
7,651
8,429
8,812
9,508
9,896
9,999
19,999
9,950
10,002
10,386
10,542
10,769
10,944
11,202
11,350
11,227
11,723
R12,231
R12,499
P12,966
Natural Gas Well Productivity
Location
Offshore 4
Total
Billion Cubic Feet

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
5,242
5,110
5,053
4,968
5,066
4,548
4,447
4,001
3,151
2,914
2,813
R2,330
R2,444
P2,259
15,088
17,963
19,034
20,252
21,325
22,679
23,786
24,088
24,016
24,067
22,850
21,104
20,944
21,097
21,309
21,883
21,870
21,587
20,272
18,659
20,267
19,607
19,131
20,140
20,999
21,074
21,523
21,750
22,132
22,726
23,581
23,744
24,114
24,213
24,108
23,823
24,174
24,501
23,941
24,119
23,970
23,457
23,535
24,664
R25,636
R26,013
P26,858
1 Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico; beginning
in 1997, these are included in "Federal Gulf of Mexico."
2 Gross withdrawals from Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico. Through 1996, these gross
withdrawals are included in "Texas," "Louisiana," and "Other States."
3 Includes State offshore gross withdrawals.
4 Excludes State offshore gross withdrawals; includes Federal offshore (Outer Continental Shelf) gross
withdrawals.
5 As of December 31 each year.
14,815
17,318
18,026
19,065
19,801
20,725
21,368
21,311
20,978
20,856
19,335
17,555
17,348
17,165
16,953
17,061
16,967
16,597
15,499
14,477
15,560
15,421
14,945
15,468
16,253
16,303
16,476
16,900
17,361
17,960
18,585
18,802
18,867
18,897
18,923
18,692
19,130
19,364
19,326
19,614
19,914
20,252
20,580
21,805
R23,261
R23,528
E24,292
273
646
1,007
1,187
1,524
1,954
2,419
2,777
3,039
3,212
3,515
3,549
3,596
3,932
4,356
4,822
4,902
4,991
4,773
4,182
4,707
4,186
4,186
4,672
4,747
4,771
5,047
4,850
4,772
4,766
4,996
4,942
5,246
5,316
5,185
5,131
5,044
5,137
4,615
4,505
4,055
3,205
2,955
2,859
R2,375
R2,485
E2,566
Gross
Withdrawals
From
Natural Gas Wells
Producing
Wells 5
Average
Productivity
Billion Cubic Feet
Thousands
Thousand Cubic Feet

Per Day Per Well
10,853
13,524
13,894
15,345
16,540
17,489
18,595
18,925
19,043
19,372
18,669
17,380
17,191
17,416
17,394
18,034
17,573
17,337
15,809
14,153
15,513
14,535
14,154
14,807
15,467
15,709
16,054
16,018
16,165
16,691
17,351
17,282
17,737
17,844
17,729
17,590
17,726
18,129
17,795
17,882
17,885
17,472
17,996
17,065
R15,618
R14,839
E14,760
91
112
112
112
114
114
117
119
121
124
126
130
138
148
157
170
182
199
211
222
234
243
242
249
257
262
269
276
275
282
292
299
302
311
317
302
342
373
388
393
406
426
441
453
R477
R493
E510
326.7
331.8
338.4
374.3
395.1
418.6
433.6
434.8
429.4
427.4
404.9
365.3
341.5
323.1
302.7
290.8
263.8
238.9
205.5
174.7
181.2
163.6
160.6
162.8
164.3
164.0
163.4
158.8
160.4
162.1
162.9
158.6
160.6
157.2
153.3
159.4
141.7
133.1
125.7
124.6
120.3
112.4
111.9
103.2
R89.5
R82.4
E79.3
15,088
17,963
19,034
20,252
21,325
22,679
23,786
24,088
24,016
24,067
22,850
21,104
20,944
21,097
21,309
21,883
21,870
21,587
20,272
18,659
20,267
19,607
19,131
20,140
20,999
21,074
21,523
21,750
22,132
22,726
23,581
23,744
24,114
24,213
24,108
23,823
24,174
24,501
23,941
24,119
23,970
23,457
23,535
24,664
R25,636
R26,013
P26,858

Sources: Offshore: 1960-1981U.S. Geological Survey. 1982-1985U.S. Minerals Management
Service, Mineral RevenuesThe 1989 Report on Receipts from Federal and Indian Leases, and
predecessor annual reports. 1986-2009U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas
Annual (NGA), annual reports. 2010Calculated as total gross withdrawals minus onshore withdrawals.
Total (Gross Withdrawals): 1960-2005EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2006 forwardEIA, Natural Gas
Monthly (March 2011), Table 1. Average Productivity: Calculated as gross withdrawals from natural gas
wells divided by the number of producing wells, and then divided by the number of days in the year.
All Other Data:
1960-1966Bureau of Mines, Natural Gas Production and Consumption.

1967-2009EIA, NGA, annual reports and unpublished revisions. 2010EIA estimates based on
previous years data.
199
Figure 6.5
Natural Gas Consumption by Sector
12
10
Trillion Cubic Feet
Industrial1, 2
8
6
Residential
Electric Power3
Commercial1
2
Transportation4
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
By Sector, 2010
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
10
75
1950
7.9
50
6
5.0
4
3.2
33
25
21
13
4
1, 2
Residential Commercial Industrial
Industrial
Transportation Electric
Power3

Lease and plant fuel, and other industrial.
3
200
11
0.7
31
21
2010
59
7.4
Percent
Trillion Cubic Feet
Residential
Commercial
Industrial1, 2
Industrial
3
4
Transportation
Electric
Power3
Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors), and as fuel in
the delivery of natural gas to consumers; plus a small quantity used as vehicle fuel.
Source: Table 6.5.
Table 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Commercial Sector
Industrial Sector
Total
Total
Pipelines 6
and Distribution 7
2,245
2,498
3,411
4,535
5,955
7,851
6,968
6,964
6,815
6,757
6,899
7,172
7,128
5,831
5,643
6,154
5,901
5,579
5,953
6,383
116,816
117,018
117,231
117,527
7,700
7,790
8,164
8,435
8,511
8,320
8,079
8,142
7,344
7,507
7,150
7,243
6,597
6,512
6,648
R6,661
R6,167
6,600
3,081
3,426
4,542
5,771
7,112
9,249
8,365
8,598
8,474
8,405
8,398
8,198
8,055
6,941
6,621
7,231
6,867
6,502
7,103
7,479
7,886
8,255
8,360
8,698
8,872
8,913
9,384
9,685
9,714
9,493
9,158
9,293
8,463
8,620
8,273
8,341
7,709
7,654
7,874
R7,881
R7,442
7,932
NA
126
245
347
501
722
583
548
533
530
601
635
642
596
490
529
504
485
519
614
629
660
601
588
624
685
700
711
751
635
645
642
625
667
591
566
584
584
621
648
R598
632
Other Industrial
Residential
Year
Sector
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
993
1,198
2,124
3,103
3,903
4,837
4,924
5,051
4,821
4,903
4,965
4,752
4,546
4,633
4,381
4,555
4,433
4,314
4,315
4,630
4,781
4,391
4,556
4,690
4,956
4,848
4,850
5,241
4,984
4,520
4,726
4,996
4,771
4,889
5,079
4,869
4,827
4,368
4,722
R4,892
R4,778
4,952
CHP
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
30
46
52
62
65
72
78
82
87
87
84
85
79
74
58
72
68
68
70
66
R76
75
Other
348
388
629
1,020
1,444
2,399
2,508
2,668
2,501
2,601
2,786
2,611
2,520
2,606
2,433
2,524
2,432
2,318
2,430
2,670
2,688
2,576
2,676
2,740
2,796
2,823
2,953
3,076
3,128
2,912
2,961
3,098
2,944
3,070
3,121
3,057
2,931
2,764
2,943
R3,086
R3,043
3,131
Total
348
388
629
1,020
1,444
2,399
2,508
2,668
2,501
2,601
2,786
2,611
2,520
2,606
2,433
2,524
2,432
2,318
2,430
2,670
2,718
2,623
2,729
2,803
2,862
2,895
3,031
3,158
3,215
2,999
3,045
3,182
3,023
3,144
3,179
3,129
2,999
2,832
3,013
R3,153
R3,119
3,206
Lease and
Plant Fuel
835
928
1,131
1,237
1,156
1,399
1,396
1,634
1,659
1,648
1,499
1,026
928
1,109
978
1,077
966
923
1,149
1,096
1,070
1,236
1,129
1,171
1,172
1,124
1,220
1,250
1,203
1,173
1,079
1,151
1,119
1,113
1,122
1,098
1,112
1,142
1,226
R1,220
R1,275
1,332
CHP
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
914
1,055
1,061
1,107
1,124
1,176
1,258
1,289
1,282
1,355
1,401
1,386
1,310
1,240
1,144
1,191
1,084
1,115
1,050
955
R990
1,007
Non-CHP
2,245
2,498
3,411
4,535
5,955
7,851
6,968
6,964
6,815
6,757
6,899
7,172
7,128
5,831
5,643
6,154
5,901
5,579
5,953
6,383
115,903
115,963
116,170
116,420
6,576
6,613
6,906
7,146
7,229
6,965
6,678
6,757
6,035
6,267
6,007
6,052
5,514
5,398
5,598
R5,706
R5,177
5,593
Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."
plants.
3 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP."
5 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Lease and Plant Fuel" and "Industrial CHP."
6 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors.
7 Natural gas used as fuel in the delivery of natural gas to consumers.
8 Vehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in Table 10.5. See Note 4, "Natural Gas Vehicle
Fuel," at end of section.
9 Included in "Commercial Other."
10 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."
11 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted in
both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector." See Note 3, "Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992," at
end of section.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet.
Vehicle
Fuel 8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
2
3
3
5
6
8
9
12
13
15
15
18
21
23
24
25
R26
R29
33
Total
NA
126
245
347
501
722
583
548
533
530
601
635
642
596
490
529
504
485
519
614
629
660
602
590
627
689
705
718
760
645
657
655
640
682
610
587
607
608
646
R674
R627
665

Electricity
Only
550
629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,158
3,081
3,191
3,188
3,491
3,682
3,640
3,226
2,911
3,111
3,044
2,602
2,844
2,636
112,791
112,794
112,822
112,829
2,755
3,065
3,288
2,824
3,039
3,544
3,729
4,093
4,164
4,258
3,780
4,142
4,592
5,091
5,612
5,520
R5,751
6,212
CHP
Total
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11315
11451
11494
11619
718
838
949
983
1,026
1,044
1,090
1,114
1,178
1,413
1,355
1,322
1,277
1,131
1,230
1,148
R1,122
1,166
550
629
1,153
1,725
2,321
3,932
3,158
3,081
3,191
3,188
3,491
3,682
3,640
3,226
2,911
3,111
3,044
2,602
2,844
2,636
113,105
113,245
113,316
113,448
3,473
3,903
4,237
3,807
4,065
4,588
4,820
5,206
5,342
5,672
5,135
5,464
5,869
6,222
6,841
6,668
R6,873
7,378
4,971
5,767
8,694
11,967
15,280
21,139
19,538
19,946
19,521
19,627
20,241
19,877
19,404
18,001
16,835
17,951
17,281
16,221
17,211
18,030
1119,119
1119,174
1119,562
1120,228
20,790
21,247
22,207
22,609
22,737
22,246
22,405
23,333
22,239
23,007
22,277
22,389
22,011
21,685
23,097
R23,268
R22,840
24,133
Notes: Data are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section. See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of natural gas
used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c for the amount of natural gas used to produce useful
thermal output. See Note 2, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section. Beginning with 1965, all
volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60 F. For prior years, the pressure base was
14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60 F. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Residential, Commercial Total, Lease and Plant Fuel, Other Industrial Total, and
Pipelines and Distribution: 1949-2005U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas
Annual (NGA), annual reports and unpublished revisions. 2006 forwardEIA, Natural Gas Monthly
(NGM) (March 2011), Table 2. Commercial CHP and Industrial CHP: Table 8.7c. Vehicle Fuel: 1990
and 1991EIA, NGA 2000 (November 2001), Table 95. 1992-1998EIA, "Alternatives to Traditional
Transportation Fuels 1999" (October 1999), Table 10, and "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels
2003" (February 2004), Table 10. Data for compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas in
gasoline-equivalent gallons were converted to cubic feet by multiplying by the motor gasoline conversion
factor (see Table A3) and dividing by the natural gas end-use sectors conversion factor (see Table A4).
1999-2005EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2006 forwardEIA, NGM (March 2011), Table 2. Electric
Power Sector: Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b. All Other Data: Calculated.
201
Figure 6.6
Natural Gas Underground Storage
Underground Storage, 1954-2010
Underground Storage Capacity, 1975-2010

10
8
Trillion Cubic Feet
Trillion Cubic Feet
2
2
0
1975
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Base Gas and Working Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2010
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
End-of-Year Storage as Share of Total Consumption, 1954-2010
50
Peak: 40% in 1986
Base Gas1
40
Percent
Trillion Cubic Feet
Working Gas1
0
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Working-gas and base-gas data were not collected in 1959, 1960, and 1961.
Note: Storage is at end of year.
202
31%
in 2010
20
10
30
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Table 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage, Selected Years, 1954-2010

Natural Gas in Underground Storage
Year
1954
1955
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
2
Base Gas 1
Working Gas
Total
Salt Caverns
Other Than
Salt Caverns 2
Total
Salt Caverns
Other Than
Salt Caverns 2
Total
Other Than
Salt Caverns 2
Total
Natural Gas
Underground
Storage
Capacity
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
44
60
64
67
67
69
70
77
75
76
72
78
77
80
86
R116
135
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4,317
4,290
4,277
4,283
4,259
4,314
4,282
4,224
4,265
4,227
4,129
4,122
4,134
4,154
4,146
4,161
4,170
817
863
NA
NA
1,571
1,738
1,781
1,848
1,958
2,058
2,128
2,181
2,326
2,485
2,751
2,864
2,912
3,162
3,323
3,391
3,473
3,553
3,642
3,752
3,808
3,847
3,830
3,842
3,819
3,792
3,800
3,812
3,868
3,954
4,044
4,327
4,360
4,349
4,341
4,350
4,326
4,383
4,352
4,301
4,340
4,303
4,201
4,200
4,211
4,234
4,232
R4,277
4,305
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
70
72
85
83
104
100
72
115
102
125
98
123
144
123
154
R186
222
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2,536
2,082
2,087
2,092
2,626
2,423
1,647
2,789
2,273
2,438
2,598
2,513
2,926
2,756
2,686
R2,944
2,885
465
505
NA
NA
933
1,007
1,159
1,242
1,267
1,318
1,366
1,421
1,678
1,840
1,729
2,034
2,050
2,212
1,926
2,475
2,547
2,753
2,655
2,817
3,071
2,595
2,876
2,607
2,749
2,756
2,850
2,513
3,068
2,824
2,597
2,322
2,606
2,153
2,173
2,175
2,730
2,523
1,719
2,904
2,375
2,563
2,696
2,635
3,070
2,879
2,840
R3,130
3,107
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6,853
6,371
6,364
6,375
6,884
6,738
5,929
7,013
6,539
6,665
6,727
6,635
7,059
6,910
6,832
R7,105
7,055
1,281
1,368
2,184
2,344
2,504
2,745
2,940
3,090
3,225
3,376
3,495
3,602
4,004
4,325
4,480
4,898
4,962
5,374
5,250
5,866
6,020
6,306
6,297
6,569
6,879
6,442
6,706
6,448
6,567
6,548
6,650
6,325
6,936
6,778
6,641
6,649
6,966
6,503
6,513
6,525
7,056
6,906
6,071
7,204
6,715
6,866
6,897
6,835
7,281
7,113
7,073
7,407
7,412
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6,280
6,544
6,678
6,890
6,929
7,434
7,805
7,915
7,985
8,043
8,087
8,145
8,124
8,124
8,120
7,794
7,993
7,932
7,989
8,043
7,953
7,980
8,332
8,179
8,229
8,241
8,415
8,207
8,206
8,255
8,268
8,330
8,402
8,499
R8,656
8,710
Includes native gas.

Depleted fields, aquifers, and other types of storage not using salt formations.
Notes: Storage and capacity are at end of year. Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a
pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60 F. For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60 F.
Salt Caverns
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
113
131
149
150
171
169
142
191
177
201
170
201
222
203
240
302
357
Sources: 1954-1974American Gas Association, Gas Facts. 1975-1978Federal Energy

Administration, Form FEA-G318-M-O, "Underground Gas Storage Report," and Federal Power
Commission, Form FPC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report." 1979-1984U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Form EIA-191, "Underground Gas Storage Report," and Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, Form FERC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report."
1985-2008EIA, Natural Gas
Monthly (NGM), monthly reports, and Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. 2009 and 2010EIA, NGM
(March 2011), Tables 6, 8, and 9, and Form EIA-191M, "Monthly Underground Gas Storage Report."
203
Figure 6.7
Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices
Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 2010
Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 1949-2010

Nominal Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
Nominal Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
6.16
6
4.52
4.16
0
Wellhead
City Gate
6
Imports
City Gate
3
Wellhead
0
1950
1960
1970
1990
2000
2010
12
Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
4
Real
2
Nominal
Real
Nominal
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010

In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators.
See Table D1.
1975
1980
1985
Source: Table 6.7.
204
1980
Imports, 1972-2010
10
Imports
Wellhead, 1949-2010
12
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Table 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet)
Wellhead 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1
City Gate 2
Nominal 3
Real 4
Nominal 3
Real 4
Nominal 3
Real 4
0.06
.07
.10
.14
.16
.17
.44
.58
.79
.91
1.18
1.59
1.98
2.46
2.59
2.66
2.51
1.94
1.67
1.69
1.69
1.71
1.64
1.74
2.04
1.85
1.55
2.17
2.32
1.96
2.19
3.68
4.00
2.95
4.88
5.46
7.33
6.39
6.25
R7.97
R3.67
E4.16
0.41
.48
.60
.75
.80
.70
1.31
1.63
2.09
2.25
2.70
3.33
3.79
4.44
4.50
4.45
4.08
3.08
2.58
2.52
2.43
2.37
2.19
2.27
2.61
2.32
1.90
2.61
2.74
2.29
2.52
4.15
4.41
3.20
5.19
5.64
7.33
6.19
5.88
7.34
R3.34
E3.76
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.95
3.75
3.22
2.87
2.92
3.01
3.03
2.90
3.01
3.21
3.07
2.78
3.27
3.66
3.07
3.10
4.62
5.72
4.12
5.85
6.65
8.67
8.61
8.16
9.18
R6.46
P6.16
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.61
6.09
5.12
4.43
4.36
4.33
4.20
3.88
3.93
4.10
3.84
3.41
3.94
4.33
3.59
3.57
5.21
6.31
4.47
6.22
6.87
8.67
8.34
7.68
R8.45
5.89
P5.57
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.21
1.72
1.98
2.13
2.49
4.28
4.88
5.03
4.78
4.08
3.21
2.43
1.95
1.84
1.82
1.94
1.83
1.85
2.03
1.87
1.49
1.97
2.17
1.97
2.24
3.95
4.43
3.15
5.17
5.81
8.12
6.88
6.87
8.70
4.19
P4.52
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.61
4.85
5.24
5.27
5.69
8.96
9.34
9.08
8.30
6.83
5.21
3.86
3.01
2.75
2.62
2.69
2.45
2.42
2.60
2.34
1.83
2.37
2.57
2.30
2.58
4.46
4.89
3.42
5.49
6.00
8.12
6.66
R6.46
R8.01
3.82
P4.08
See "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.

See "City Gate" in Glossary.
2
Imports

Sources: Wellhead and City Gate: 1949-2005U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. 2006 forwardEIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM) (March
2011), Table 3. Imports: 1972 and 1973Federal Power Commission (FPC), Pipeline Imports and
Exports of Natural GasImports and Exports of LNG. 1974-1976FPC, United States Imports and
Exports of Natural Gas, annual reports. 1977-2008EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2009 and 2010EIA,
NGM (March 2011), Table 4.
205
Figure 6.8
Natural Gas Prices by Sector

Real6 Prices, Indexed, 1980-2010
Nominal Prices, 2010
2.00
11.20
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Electric Power
9.15
1.50
5.40
Index: 1980=1.00
12
5.26
1.00
0.50
0
Residential
Commercial
Industrial4
0.00
1980
Electric
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Power5
Real6 Prices, 1967-2010
14
12
10
Residential
Commercial
Vehicle Fuel
Industrial
Electric Power
2
0
1970
1975

Based on 96.6 percent of volume delivered.
3
4
2
206
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Based on 100.7 percent of volume delivered. For an explanation of values over 100 percent,
see Table 6.8, footnote 8.
6
In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators.
See Table D1.
Source: Table 6.8.
Table 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, Selected Years, 1967-2010

(Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)
Commercial Sector 1
Residential Sector
Prices
Year
1967
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Prices
Industrial Sector 2
Prices
Nominal 5
Real 6
Percentage
of
Sector 7
Nominal 5
Real 6
Percentage
of
Sector 7
Nominal 5
Real 6
Percentage
of
Sector 7
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Percentage
of
Sector 7,8
1.04
1.09
1.15
1.21
1.29
1.43
1.71
1.98
2.35
2.56
2.98
3.68
4.29
5.17
6.06
6.12
6.12
5.83
5.54
5.47
5.64
5.80
5.82
5.89
6.16
6.41
6.06
6.34
6.94
6.82
6.69
7.76
9.63
7.89
9.63
10.75
12.70
13.73
13.08
13.89
R12.14
11.20
4.93
4.48
4.50
4.54
4.59
4.66
5.09
5.58
6.23
6.34
6.81
7.71
8.21
9.33
10.52
10.24
9.94
9.26
8.55
8.17
8.11
8.03
7.78
7.70
7.87
8.03
7.43
7.63
8.21
7.98
7.71
8.75
10.62
8.57
10.23
11.11
12.70
13.30
12.31
R12.79
R11.08
10.12
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
99.9
99.2
99.2
99.1
99.1
99.1
99.0
99.0
98.8
97.7
95.2
92.6
92.4
97.9
97.5
97.7
98.2
98.1
98.0
R97.5
R97.4
96.6
0.74
.77
.82
.88
.94
1.07
1.35
1.64
2.04
2.23
2.73
3.39
4.00
4.82
5.59
5.55
5.50
5.08
4.77
4.63
4.74
4.83
4.81
4.88
5.22
5.44
5.05
5.40
5.80
5.48
5.33
6.59
8.43
6.63
8.40
9.43
11.34
12.00
11.34
12.23
R10.06
9.15
3.50
3.17
3.21
3.30
3.34
3.49
4.02
4.62
5.40
5.52
6.24
7.10
7.66
8.70
9.70
9.29
8.93
8.07
7.37
6.91
6.82
6.69
6.43
6.38
6.67
6.81
6.19
6.50
6.86
6.41
6.14
7.43
9.30
7.20
8.93
9.74
11.34
11.62
R10.67
R11.26
R9.18
8.27
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
93.1
90.7
89.1
86.6
85.1
83.2
83.9
79.3
76.7
77.6
70.8
67.0
66.1
63.9
66.0
77.4
78.2
78.0
82.1
80.8
80.4
79.9
R77.8
71.1
0.34
.37
.41
.45
.50
.67
.96
1.24
1.50
1.70
1.99
2.56
3.14
3.87
4.18
4.22
3.95
3.23
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.93
2.69
2.84
3.07
3.05
2.71
3.42
3.59
3.14
3.12
4.45
5.24
4.02
5.89
6.53
8.56
7.87
7.68
R9.65
R5.33
5.40
1.61
1.52
1.61
1.69
1.78
2.18
2.86
3.49
3.97
4.21
4.55
5.36
6.01
6.98
7.26
7.06
6.41
5.13
4.54
4.40
4.26
4.06
3.60
3.71
3.92
3.82
3.32
4.12
4.25
3.67
3.60
5.02
5.78
4.36
6.26
6.75
8.56
7.62
7.23
R8.88
R4.86
4.88
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
85.1
80.7
74.7
68.8
59.8
47.4
42.6
36.9
35.2
32.7
30.3
29.7
25.5
24.5
19.4
18.1
16.1
18.8
19.8
20.8
22.7
22.1
23.7
24.1
23.4
22.2
20.5
R18.8
16.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.17
3.39
3.96
4.05
4.27
4.11
3.98
4.34
4.44
4.59
4.34
5.54
6.60
5.10
6.19
7.16
9.14
8.72
8.50
11.75
R8.13
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.00
4.70
5.30
5.29
5.46
5.15
4.88
5.22
5.25
5.37
5.00
6.25
7.28
5.54
6.58
7.40
9.14
8.45
R8.00
R10.82
R7.41
NA
0.28
.29
.32
.34
.38
.51
.77
1.06
1.32
1.48
1.81
2.27
2.89
3.48
3.58
3.70
3.55
2.43
2.32
2.33
2.43
2.38
2.18
2.36
2.61
2.28
2.02
2.69
2.78
2.40
2.62
4.38
4.61
33.68
5.57
6.11
8.47
7.11
7.31
9.26
R4.93
5.26
1.33
1.19
1.25
1.28
1.35
1.66
2.29
2.99
3.50
3.66
4.14
4.75
5.53
6.28
6.21
6.19
5.77
3.86
3.58
3.48
3.50
3.30
2.92
3.08
3.34
2.85
2.48
3.24
3.29
2.81
3.02
4.94
5.09
33.99
5.92
6.31
8.47
6.89
6.88
R8.53
R4.50
4.75
NA
NA
NA
NA
92.1
92.7
96.1
96.2
97.1
98.0
96.1
96.9
97.6
92.6
93.9
94.4
94.0
91.7
91.6
89.6
79.6
76.8
79.3
76.5
74.1
73.4
71.4
68.4
68.0
63.7
58.3
50.5
40.2
383.9
91.2
89.8
91.3
93.4
92.2
101.1
R101.1
100.7

plants.
electric utilities only; beginning in 2002, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. See
Note 5, "Coverage of Electric Power Sector Natural Gas Prices," at end of section.
4 Much of the natural gas delivered for vehicle fuel represents deliveries to fueling stations that are used
primarily or exclusively by fleet vehicles. Thus, the prices are often those associated with the cost of gas in
the operation of fleet vehicles.
7 The percentage of the sectors consumption in Table 6.5 for which price data are available.
8 Percentages exceed 100 percent when reported natural gas receipts are greater than reported natural
gas consumptionthis can occur when combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants report fuel receipts related
to non-electric generating activities.
Notes: Prices are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. The average
for each end-use sector is calculated by dividing the total value of the natural gas consumed by each sector
by the total quantity consumed. Prices are intended to include all taxes. See Note 2, "Classification of
Vehicle Fuel Prices
Prices
Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

Sources: Residential Percentage of Sector: 1989-2009U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Form EIA-176, "Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition."
2010EIA, Form EIA-857, "Monthly Report of Natural Gas Purchases and Deliveries to Consumers."
Vehicle Fuel:
EIA, Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports.
Electric Power Price:
1967-2005EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2006-2009EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM) (March 2011),
Table 3. 2010EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report." Electric Power Percentage of
Sector: 1973-2001Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural gas receipts by electric utilities
reported on Form FERC-423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quantity of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants" (and
predecessor forms), divided by the quantity of natural gas consumed by the electric power sector (for
1973-1988, see Table 8.5b; for 1989-2001, see Table 8.7b). 2002-2008Calculated by EIA as the
quantity of natural gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power producers reported on Forms
FERC-423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quantity of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants," and EIA-423, "Monthly
Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report," divided by the quantity of natural gas consumed by
the electric power sector (see Table 8.7b). 2009 and 2010Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural
gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power producers reported on Form EIA-923, "Power Plant
Operations Report," divided by the quantity of natural gas consumed by the electric power sector (see
Table 8.7b). All Other Data: 1967-2005EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2006 forwardEIA, NGM
(March 2011), Table 3.
207
Natural Gas
Note 1. Supplemental Gaseous Fuels. Supplemental gaseous fuels are any
substances that, introduced into or commingled with natural gas, increase the
volume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not limited to,
propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas,
or air or inert gases added for British thermal unit (Btu) stabilization.
Annual data beginning with 1980 are from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual. Unknown quantities of supplemental gaseous fuels
are included in consumption data for 1979 and earlier years.
Although the total amount of supplemental gaseous fuels consumed is known for
1980 forward, the amount consumed by each energy-use sector is estimated by EIA.
These estimates are used to create natural gas (without supplemental gaseous fuels)
data for Tables 1.3, 2.1b, 2.1c, 2.1d, and 2.1f (note: to avoid double-counting in
these tables, supplemental gaseous fuels are accounted for in their primary energy
category: Coal, Petroleum, or Biomass). It is assumed that supplemental gaseous fuels are commingled with natural gas consumed by the residential, commercial,
other industrial, and electric power sectors, but are not commingled with natural gas
used for lease and plant fuel, pipelines and distribution, or vehicle fuel. The estimated
consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels by each sector (residential, commercial,
other industrial, and electric power) is calculated as that sectors natural gas consumption (see Table 6.5) divided by the sum of natural gas consumption by the residential,
commercial, other industrial, and electric power sectors (see Table 6.5), and then multiplied by total supplemental gaseous fuels consumption (see Table 6.1). For estimated sectoral consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels in Btu, the residential,
commercial, and other industrial values in cubic feet are multiplied by the End-Use
Sectors conversion factors (see Table A4), and the electric power values in cubic feet
are multiplied by the Electric Power Sector conversion factors (see Table A4).
Total supplemental gaseous fuels consumption in Btu is calculated as the sum of
the Btu values for the sectors.
Note 2. Natural Gas Consumption. Natural gas consumption statistics are
compiled from surveys of natural gas production, transmission, and distribution
companies and from surveys of electric power generation. Consumption by sector
from these surveys is compiled on a national and individual State basis and then
balanced with national and individual State supply data. Included in the data are the
following: Residential SectorConsumption by private households for space
heating, cooking, and other household uses; Commercial SectorConsumption by
nonmanufacturing establishments; municipalities for institutional heating and lighting; and, through 1995, those engaged in agriculture, forestry, and fishing. The
208
commercial sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal
output primarily to support the activities of the above-mentioned commercial establishments; Industrial SectorConsumption by establishments engaged primarily
in processing unfinished materials into another form of product (including mining;
petroleum refining; manufacturing; and, beginning in 1996, agriculture, forestry,
and fishing), and natural gas industry use for lease and plant fuel. The industrial
sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal output
primarily to support the above-mentioned industrial activities; Transportation
SectorNatural gas transmission (pipeline) fuel, and natural gas delivered for
use as vehicle fuel; and Electric Power Sector (electric utilities and independent power producers)Consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output at electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within
the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) 22 category whose
Note 3. Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992. Prior to 1993, deliveries to nonutility generators were not separately collected from natural gas companies on Form
EIA-176, Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and
Disposition. As a result, for 1989-1992, those volumes are probably included in
both the industrial and electric power sectors and double-counted in total consumption. In 1993, 0.28 trillion cubic feet was reported as delivered to nonutility
generators.
Note 4. Natural Gas Vehicle Fuel. In Table 6.5, for 1992 forward, natural gas
vehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in Table 10.5. These revisions,
in million cubic feet, are: 19922,112; 19932,860; 19943,222; 19954,619;
19966,111; 19978,393; 19989,416; 199910,398; 200011,461; 200113,788;
200215,810; 200317,484; 200421,487; 200522,578; 200623,317; 200724,186;
200825,659; and 200926,936.
Note 5. Coverage of Electric Power Sector Natural Gas Prices. For 1973-1982,
data for electric power sector natural gas prices include all electric utility plants at
which the generator nameplate capacity of all steam-electric units combined
totaled 25 megawatts or greater. For 1974-1982, peaking units are also included
and counted toward the 25-megawatt-or-greater total. For 1983-1990, data
include all electric utility plants at which the generator nameplate capacity of all
steam-electric units combined totaled 50 megawatts or greater. For 1991-2001,
data include all electric utility plants at which the generator nameplate capacity
of all steam-electric units and combined-cycle units together totaled 50 megawatts or greater. For 2002 forward, data include electric utility and independent
power producer plants at which the total facility fossil-fueled nameplate generating capacity is 50 or more megawatts, regardless of unit type.
7. Coal
Figure 7.0
Coal Flow, 2010

(Million Short Tons)
1
Includes fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste that are consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors.
Notes: Production categories are estimated; other data are preliminary. Values are
derived from source data prior to rounding for publication. Totals may not equal sum of
211
Figure 7.1 Coal Overview

Overview, 1949-2010
Million Short Tons
1,500
1,000
Production
500
Consumption
Net Exports
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Overview, 2010
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Production as Share of Consumption by Type of Fossil Fuel, 1949-2010

125
1,500
Coal
100
1,048
1,000
Percent
Million Short Tons
1,085
Natural Gas
75
50
Petroleum
500
25
19
0
Production
1
2
212
Imports
82
0
Exports
Consumption
Dry natural gas production as share of natural gas consumption.

Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production as share of petroleum products supplied.
1950
1960
1970
Sources: Tables 5.1b, 6.1, and 7.1.
1980
1990
2000
2010
Table 7.1 Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Trade
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Production
480.6
560.4
490.8
434.3
527.0
612.7
654.6
684.9
697.2
670.2
781.1
829.7
823.8
838.1
782.1
895.9
883.6
890.3
918.8
950.3
980.7
1,029.1
996.0
997.5
945.4
1,033.5
1,033.0
1,063.9
1,089.9
1,117.5
1,100.4
1,073.6
11,127.7
1,094.3
1,071.8
1,112.1
1,131.5
1,162.7
1,146.6
1,171.8
R1,074.9
1,085.3
Waste Coal
Supplied 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.4
3.3
4.0
6.3
8.1
8.2
8.6
8.8
8.1
8.7
8.7
9.1
10.1
9.1
10.0
11.3
13.4
14.4
14.1
14.1
R13.7
13.9
Imports
Exports
0.3
.4
.3
.3
.2
(s)
.9
1.2
1.6
3.0
2.1
1.2
1.0
.7
1.3
1.3
2.0
2.2
1.7
2.1
2.9
2.7
3.4
3.8
8.2
8.9
9.5
8.1
7.5
8.7
9.1
12.5
19.8
16.9
25.0
27.3
30.5
36.2
36.3
34.2
22.6
19.4
32.8
29.4
54.4
38.0
51.0
71.7
66.3
60.0
54.3
40.7
66.0
91.7
112.5
106.3
77.8
81.5
92.7
85.5
79.6
95.0
100.8
105.8
109.0
102.5
74.5
71.4
88.5
90.5
83.5
78.0
58.5
58.5
48.7
39.6
43.0
48.0
49.9
49.6
59.2
81.5
59.1
81.7
1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine,
and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible materials).
2 Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,
bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Beginning in
1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coal
included in "Consumption."
3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports.
4 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase.
5 "Losses and Unaccounted for" is calculated as the sum of production, imports, and waste coal
supplied, minus exports, stock change, and consumption.
6 Through 1973, stock change is included in "Losses and Unaccounted for."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.
Net Imports 3
-32.5
-29.0
-54.1
-37.7
-50.8
-71.7
-65.4
-58.8
-52.7
-37.8
-64.0
-90.5
-111.5
-105.5
-76.5
-80.2
-90.7
-83.3
-77.9
-92.9
-98.0
-103.1
-105.6
-98.7
-66.3
-62.5
-79.1
-82.4
-76.1
-69.3
-49.4
-46.0
-28.9
-22.7
-18.0
-20.7
-19.5
-13.4
-22.8
-47.3
-36.5
-62.4
Stock Change 4
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
32.2
8.5
22.6
-4.9
36.2
25.6
-19.0
22.6
-29.5
28.7
-27.9
4.0
6.5
-24.9
-13.7
26.5
-.9
-3.0
-51.9
23.6
-.3
-17.5
-11.3
24.2
24.0
-48.3
41.6
10.2
-26.7
-11.5
-9.7
42.6
5.8
12.4
R39.7
-20.5
Losses and
Unaccounted for 5
6-35.1
637.3
6-10.3
6-1.5
64.1
617.7
-5.5
13.8
-3.4
12.1
.4
10.8
-1.4
3.1
-1.6
-4.3
2.8
-1.2
-2.5
-1.3
2.9
-1.7
-3.9
.5
-4.9
4.3
.6
1.4
3.7
-4.4
-2.9
.9
7.1
4.0
-4.4
6.9
9.1
8.8
4.1
5.7
R15.0
8.9
Consumption
483.2
494.1
447.0
398.1
472.0
523.2
562.6
603.8
625.3
625.2
680.5
702.7
732.6
706.9
736.7
791.3
818.0
804.2
836.9
883.6
895.0
904.5
899.2
907.7
944.1
951.3
962.1
1,006.3
1,029.5
1,037.1
1,038.6
1,084.1
1,060.1
1,066.4
1,094.9
1,107.3
1,126.0
1,112.3
1,128.0
1,120.5
R997.5
1,048.3
Notes: See Note 1, "Coal Consumption," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Pages: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#coal.
For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.
Sources: Production: Table 7.2. Waste Coal Supplied: 1989-1997U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1998-2000EIA, Form
EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility." 2001EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant
Report," and Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality ReportManufacturing Plants. 2002
forwardEIA, Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) October-December 2010 (May 2011), Table ES-1. Imports:
1949-2001U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM 145." 2002
forwardEIA, QCR October-December 2010 (May 2011), Table ES-1. Exports: Table 7.5. Stock
Change: Table 7.6. Losses and Unaccounted for: Calculated. Consumption: Table 7.3.
213
Figure 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2010

Total
By Rank
1,500
800
Bituminous Coal
900
1.1 billion short tons

in 2010
600
Million Short Tons
Million Short Tons
1,200
300
600
400
Subbituminous Coal
200
Lignite
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Anthracite
2010
1950
By Mining Method
Million Short Tons
Million Short Tons
1980
1990
2000
2010
1990
2000
2010
800
600
Surface
300
Underground
1960
1970
Included in bituminous coal prior to 1969.
214
1970
By Location
900
0
1950
1960
1980
1990
2000
2010
East of the Mississippi
600
400
200
West of the Mississippi
0
1950
1960
Source: Table 7.2.
1970
1980
Table 7.2 Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Rank
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1
Bituminous
Coal 1
437.9
516.3
464.6
415.5
512.1
578.5
577.5
588.4
581.0
534.0
612.3
628.8
608.0
620.2
568.6
649.5
613.9
620.1
636.6
638.1
659.8
693.2
650.7
651.8
576.7
640.3
613.8
630.7
653.8
640.6
601.7
574.3
1611.3
572.1
541.5
561.5
571.2
561.6
542.8
555.3
R504.1
E509.0
Subbituminous
Coal
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
16.4
51.1
64.8
82.1
96.8
121.5
147.7
159.7
160.9
151.0
179.2
192.7
189.6
200.2
223.5
231.2
244.3
255.3
252.2
274.9
300.5
328.0
340.3
345.1
385.9
406.7
409.2
434.4
438.4
442.6
465.4
474.7
515.3
523.7
539.1
R496.4
E501.2
Mining Method
Lignite
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
8.0
19.8
25.5
28.2
34.4
42.5
47.2
50.7
52.4
58.3
63.1
72.4
76.4
78.4
85.1
86.4
88.1
86.5
90.1
89.5
88.1
86.5
88.1
86.3
85.8
87.2
85.6
80.0
82.5
86.4
83.5
83.9
84.2
78.6
75.7
72.5
E73.2
Anthracite 1
Underground
Surface 1
East of the
Mississippi 1
West of the
Mississippi 1
Total 1
358.9
421.0
358.0
292.6
338.0
340.5
293.5
295.5
266.6
242.8
320.9
337.5
316.5
339.2
300.4
352.1
350.8
360.4
372.9
382.2
393.8
424.5
407.2
407.2
351.1
399.1
396.2
409.8
420.7
417.7
391.8
373.7
380.6
357.4
352.8
367.6
368.6
359.0
351.8
357.1
R332.1
E337.4
121.7
139.4
132.9
141.7
189.0
272.1
361.2
389.4
430.6
427.4
460.2
492.2
507.3
499.0
481.7
543.9
532.8
529.9
545.9
568.1
586.9
604.5
588.8
590.3
594.4
634.4
636.7
654.0
669.3
699.8
708.6
700.0
1747.1
736.9
719.0
744.5
762.9
803.7
794.8
814.7
R742.9
E747.9
444.2
524.4
464.2
413.0
499.5
567.8
543.7
548.8
533.3
487.2
559.7
578.7
553.9
564.3
507.4
587.6
558.7
564.4
581.9
579.6
599.0
630.2
591.3
588.6
516.2
566.3
544.2
563.7
579.4
570.6
529.6
507.5
1528.8
492.9
469.2
484.8
493.8
490.8
478.2
493.3
R449.6
E446.5
36.4
36.0
26.6
21.3
27.4
44.9
110.9
136.1
163.9
183.0
221.4
251.0
269.9
273.9
274.7
308.3
324.9
325.9
336.8
370.7
381.7
398.9
404.7
409.0
429.2
467.2
488.7
500.2
510.6
547.0
570.8
566.1
1598.9
601.4
602.5
627.3
637.7
672.0
668.5
678.5
R625.3
E638.8
480.6
560.4
490.8
434.3
527.0
612.7
654.6
684.9
697.2
670.2
781.1
829.7
823.8
838.1
782.1
895.9
883.6
890.3
918.8
950.3
980.7
1,029.1
996.0
997.5
945.4
1,033.5
1,033.0
1,063.9
1,089.9
1,117.5
1,100.4
1,073.6
11,127.7
1,094.3
1,071.8
1,112.1
1,131.5
1,162.7
1,146.6
1,171.8
R1,074.9
P1,085.3
42.7
44.1
26.2
18.8
14.9
9.7
6.2
6.2
5.9
5.0
4.8
6.1
5.4
4.6
4.1
4.2
4.7
4.3
3.6
3.6
3.3
3.5
3.4
3.5
4.3
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.7
5.3
4.8
4.6
11.9
1.4
1.3
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.9
E1.9
Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery.

Included in "Bituminous Coal."
Sources: 1949-1975Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "CoalBituminous and Lignite" and
"CoalPennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. 1976U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy
Data Reports, CoalBituminous and Lignite in 1976 and CoalPennsylvania Anthracite 1976. 1977
2
Location
and 1978EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and Lignite Production and Mine
Operations1977; 1978, CoalPennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Coal Production, annual reports.
1979 and 1980EIA, Energy Data Reports, Weekly Coal Report and Coal Production, annual reports.
1981-1988EIA, Weekly Coal Production and Coal Production, annual reports. 1989-2000EIA,
Coal Industry Annual, annual reports. 2001-2009EIA, Annual Coal Report, annual reports.
2010EIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December 2010 (May 2011), Table 1; EIA, Form EIA-7A,
"Coal Production Report"; and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form
7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."
215
Figure 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector

1,200
Million Short Tons
900
Electric Power
600
Residential, Commercial,
and Transportation
300
Industrial
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
By Sector, 2010
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
1,200
100
1949
93
2010
80
Percent
Million Short Tons
976
900
600
60
44
40
300
20
0
(s)
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Electric Power
1
Includes combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of electricity-only
plants.
2
For 1978 forward, small amounts of transportation sector use are included in Industrial.
216
17
15
13
11
70
(s)
(s)
Residential
Commercial
()
Industrial
Transportation
Electric
Power
3
sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
(s)=Less than 0.5.
Source: Table 7.3.
Table 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Commercial Sector 1
Industrial Sector
Other Industrial
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
Residential
Sector 1
52.4
51.6
35.6
24.2
14.6
9.0
2.8
2.6
2.5
2.2
1.7
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
.9
.8
.7
.7
.5
.6
.5
.5
.5
.6
.5
.4
.3
.4
.4
R.4
.3
CHP
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
1.8
1.8
Other
64.1
63.0
32.9
16.8
11.0
7.1
6.6
6.3
6.4
7.3
6.7
5.1
6.1
6.8
7.1
7.4
6.1
5.9
5.3
5.6
3.7
4.2
3.8
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.6
4.0
2.9
2.8
2.1
2.4
2.5
1.9
2.7
2.4
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.0
Total
64.1
63.0
32.9
16.8
11.0
7.1
6.6
6.3
6.4
7.3
6.7
5.1
6.1
6.8
7.1
7.4
6.1
5.9
5.3
5.6
4.9
5.4
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.3
5.8
4.3
4.3
3.7
3.9
3.9
3.7
4.6
4.3
2.9
3.2
3.2
2.9
2.7
Coke Plants
91.4
104.0
107.7
81.4
95.3
96.5
83.6
84.7
77.7
71.4
77.4
66.7
61.0
40.9
37.0
44.0
41.1
35.9
37.0
41.9
40.5
38.9
33.9
32.4
31.3
31.7
33.0
31.7
30.2
28.2
28.1
28.9
26.1
23.7
24.2
23.7
23.4
23.0
22.7
22.1
15.3
21.1
CHP
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
24.9
27.8
27.0
28.2
28.9
29.7
29.4
29.4
29.9
28.6
27.8
28.0
25.8
26.2
24.8
26.6
25.9
25.3
22.5
21.9
R19.8
23.6
Non-CHP 6
121.2
120.6
110.1
96.0
105.6
90.2
63.6
61.8
61.5
63.1
67.7
60.3
67.4
64.1
66.0
73.7
75.4
75.6
75.2
76.3
51.3
48.5
48.4
45.8
46.0
45.5
43.7
42.3
41.7
38.9
37.0
37.2
39.5
34.5
36.4
35.6
34.5
34.2
34.1
32.5
R25.5
25.0
See Note 2, "Residential and Commercial Coal Consumption Estimates," at end of section.
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."
plants, such as those at hospitals and universities.
4 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP."
6 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Coke Plants" and "Industrial CHP."
7 Included in "Commercial Other."
8 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.
Notes: See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of coal used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c
2
Total
121.2
120.6
110.1
96.0
105.6
90.2
63.6
61.8
61.5
63.1
67.7
60.3
67.4
64.1
66.0
73.7
75.4
75.6
75.2
76.3
76.1
76.3
75.4
74.0
74.9
75.2
73.1
71.7
71.5
67.4
64.7
65.2
65.3
60.7
61.3
62.2
60.3
59.5
56.6
54.4
R45.3
48.5
Total
212.6
224.6
217.8
177.4
200.8
186.6
147.2
146.5
139.2
134.5
145.1
127.0
128.4
105.0
103.0
117.8
116.4
111.5
112.1
118.1
116.6
115.2
109.3
106.4
106.2
106.9
106.1
103.4
101.7
95.6
92.8
94.1
91.3
84.4
85.5
85.9
83.8
82.4
79.3
76.5
R60.6
69.6
Transportation
Sector
Electricity
Only
70.2
63.0
17.0
3.0
.7
.3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
84.0
91.9
143.8
176.7
244.8
320.2
406.0
448.4
477.1
481.2
527.1
569.3
596.8
593.7
625.2
664.4
693.8
685.1
717.9
758.4
767.4
774.2
773.2
781.2
816.6
821.2
832.9
878.8
904.2
920.4
924.7
967.1
946.1
960.1
983.5
994.8
1,015.6
1,004.8
1,022.8
1,017.8
R913.6
954.4
CHP
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.8
8.4
10.7
13.9
15.1
17.1
17.3
18.1
17.1
16.3
16.2
18.7
18.4
17.4
21.6
21.5
21.8
21.9
22.3
22.8
R20.1
21.2
Total
Total
84.0
91.9
143.8
176.7
244.8
320.2
406.0
448.4
477.1
481.2
527.1
569.3
596.8
593.7
625.2
664.4
693.8
685.1
717.9
758.4
772.2
782.6
783.9
795.1
831.6
838.4
850.2
896.9
921.4
936.6
940.9
985.8
964.4
977.5
1,005.1
1,016.3
1,037.5
1,026.6
1,045.1
1,040.6
R933.6
975.6
483.2
494.1
447.0
398.1
472.0
523.2
562.6
603.8
625.3
625.2
680.5
702.7
732.6
706.9
736.7
791.3
818.0
804.2
836.9
883.6
895.0
904.5
899.2
907.7
944.1
951.3
962.1
1,006.3
1,029.5
1,037.1
1,038.6
1,084.1
1,060.1
1,066.4
1,094.9
1,107.3
1,126.0
1,112.3
1,128.0
1,120.5
R997.5
1,048.3
for the amount of coal used to produce useful thermal output. See Note 1, "Coal Consumption," at end of
section. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
Sources: Commercial CHP and Industrial CHP: Table 8.7c. Electric Power Sector: Tables 8.5b,
8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b. All Other Data: 1949-1975Bureau of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook,
"CoalBituminous and Lignite" and "CoalPennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. 1976U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, CoalBituminous and Lignite in 1976 and
CoalPennsylvania Anthracite 1976. 1977 and 1978EIA, Energy Data Reports, CoalPennsylvania
Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal Report. 1979 and 1980EIA, Energy Data Report, Weekly
Coal Report. 1981-2003EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) October-December, quarterly reports.
2004 forwardEIA, QCR October-December 2010 (May 2011), Table 32.
217
Figure 7.4 Coal Imports by Country of Origin

Total, 2000-2010
By Country, 2010
40
Million Short Tons
30
Indonesia
10%
Venezuela 3%
20
Colombia
75%
Other <1%
Australia 2%
Canada
9%
10
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Total
19.4 million short tons

30
Colombia
Million Short Tons
25
20
15
Canada
10
Venezuela
5
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
1
218
2005
Indonesia
2006
2007
2008
2009
Source: Table 7.4.
2010
Table 7.4 Coal Imports by Country of Origin, 2000-2010

Europe
New
Year Australia Zealand
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
0.2
.3
.8
.3
.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
.2
.4
0.0
(s)
.0
.1
.0
(s)
.0
.1
.0
.0
(s)
Canada
1.9
2.6
2.1
2.1
2.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.3
1.8
Mexico
(s)
(s)
(s)
.0
(s)
(s)
.0
.0
.0
(s)
.0
Colombia Venezuela
7.6
11.2
9.2
15.5
16.7
21.2
25.3
26.9
26.3
17.8
14.6
China
India
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
(s)
(s)
.1
(s)
(s)
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.0
.0
(s)
.0
(s)
(s)
2.0
3.3
3.3
4.6
4.4
3.7
4.2
3.4
2.3
1.3
.6
P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/coal/.
Indonesia
0.7
.9
1.0
2.1
2.2
2.5
3.1
3.7
3.4
2.1
1.9
Norway
0.0
(s)
.0
.0
.0
.0
(s)
(s)
.0
.0
.0
Poland
0.0
.5
.1
.0
.1
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
Russia
(s)
.2
.1
.1
.3
.4
.9
.1
(s)
.0
.0
United
Ukraine Kingdom
0.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
(s)
.0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.0
(s)
(s)
Other
Total
South
Africa
Other
Total
0.0
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.1
.2
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.8
.2
.1
.6
.6
1.1
.2
(s)
(s)
(s)
0.0
.4
.1
.1
(s)
.1
.1
.0
(s)
.0
.0
(s)
.1
(s)
.1
(s)
.1
(s)
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
12.5
19.8
16.9
25.0
27.3
30.5
36.2
36.3
34.2
22.6
19.4
Sources: 2000U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM 145."
2001 forwardU.S. Energy Information Administration, Quarterly Coal Report October-December,
quarterly reports.
219
Figure 7.5 Coal Exports by Country of Destination

Total and Europe, 1960-2010
125
12
10
75
Million Short Tons
Million Short Tons
100
Total
50
25
11.4
Europe
7.9
7.3
6
4.4
3.3
3.2
2.7
2
0
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Canada
Brazil
Netherlands
United
Kingdom
Italy
France
Germany

30
Million Short Tons
Japan
20
Canada
10
Netherlands
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
Brazil
1985
1990
Source: Table 7.5.
220
1995
2000
2005
2010
Table 7.5 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, Selected Years, 1960-2010

Europe
Year
1960
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
Canada
12.8
16.3
16.5
15.8
17.1
17.3
19.1
18.0
18.7
16.7
14.2
17.3
16.9
17.7
15.7
19.5
17.5
18.2
18.6
17.2
20.4
16.4
14.5
16.2
19.2
16.8
15.5
11.2
15.1
8.9
9.2
9.4
12.0
15.0
20.7
19.8
18.8
17.6
16.7
20.8
17.8
19.5
19.9
18.4
23.0
10.6
11.4
Brazil
1.1
1.2
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.3
2.0
2.2
2.3
1.5
2.8
3.3
2.7
3.1
3.6
4.7
5.9
5.7
5.8
5.3
5.7
5.8
7.1
6.4
5.2
5.5
6.4
6.5
7.5
6.5
4.4
4.5
4.6
3.5
3.5
4.4
4.2
4.5
6.5
6.4
7.4
7.9
Belgium 1
1.1
2.2
1.8
1.4
1.1
.9
1.9
.8
1.1
1.2
1.1
.6
2.2
1.5
1.1
3.2
4.6
4.3
4.8
2.5
3.9
4.4
4.4
4.6
6.5
7.1
8.5
7.5
7.2
5.2
4.9
4.5
4.6
4.3
3.2
2.1
2.9
2.8
2.4
1.8
1.7
2.1
2.2
2.1
3.1
2.7
2.3
Denmark
0.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.2
1.7
3.9
2.8
1.7
.6
2.2
2.1
.9
2.8
3.2
3.2
4.7
3.8
.3
.5
2.1
1.3
.4
.3
.1
.3
.1
.1
.4
.1
.4
.3
.1
France
0.8
2.1
1.6
2.1
1.5
2.3
3.6
3.2
1.7
2.0
2.7
3.6
3.5
2.1
1.7
3.9
7.8
9.7
9.0
4.2
3.8
4.5
5.4
2.9
4.3
6.5
6.9
9.5
8.1
4.0
2.9
3.7
3.9
3.4
3.2
2.5
3.0
2.2
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.3
1.6
2.4
3.5
3.4
3.2
Germany 2
4.6
4.7
4.9
4.7
3.8
3.5
5.0
2.9
2.4
1.6
1.5
2.0
1.0
.9
.6
2.6
2.5
4.3
2.3
1.5
.9
1.1
.8
.5
.7
.7
1.1
1.7
1.0
.5
.3
2.0
1.1
.9
1.2
.6
1.0
.9
1.0
.5
.6
.7
1.7
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.7
Italy
Netherlands
4.9
9.0
7.8
5.9
4.3
3.7
4.3
2.7
3.7
3.3
3.9
4.5
4.2
4.1
3.2
5.0
7.1
10.5
11.3
8.1
7.6
10.3
10.4
9.5
11.1
11.2
11.9
11.3
9.3
6.9
7.5
9.1
9.2
7.0
5.3
4.0
3.7
5.4
3.1
2.8
2.1
2.5
3.3
3.5
3.2
2.3
3.3
Through 1999, includes Luxembourg.

Through 1990, data for Germany are for the former West Germany only. Beginning in 1991, data for
Germany are for the unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West Germany.
P=Preliminary. NA=Not Available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.
2
2.8
3.4
3.2
2.2
1.5
1.6
2.1
1.6
2.3
1.8
2.6
2.1
3.5
2.0
1.1
2.0
4.7
6.8
5.9
4.2
5.5
6.3
5.6
4.1
5.1
6.1
8.4
9.6
9.1
5.6
4.9
7.3
7.1
4.8
4.5
3.4
2.6
2.1
1.7
2.0
2.5
2.6
2.1
4.6
7.0
5.9
7.3
Spain
0.3
1.4
1.2
1.0
1.5
1.8
3.2
2.6
2.1
2.2
2.0
2.7
2.5
1.6
.8
1.4
3.4
6.4
5.6
3.3
2.3
3.5
2.6
2.5
2.5
3.3
3.8
4.7
4.5
4.1
4.1
4.7
4.1
4.1
3.2
2.5
2.7
1.6
1.9
1.8
1.5
1.9
1.6
1.5
2.4
1.7
1.9
Turkey
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.6
1.6
1.6
1.5
2.2
2.4
.8
2.0
1.7
2.1
2.2
2.0
1.6
1.3
2.0
2.2
2.1
1.6
.8
1.8
.9
.6
1.1
1.3
1.9
1.2
1.4
1.9
1.4
2.5
United
Kingdom
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.7
2.4
.9
1.4
1.9
.8
.6
.4
1.4
4.1
2.3
2.0
1.2
2.9
2.7
2.9
2.6
3.7
4.5
5.2
6.2
5.6
4.1
3.4
4.7
6.2
7.2
5.9
3.2
3.3
2.5
1.9
1.5
2.0
1.8
2.6
3.4
5.8
4.6
4.4
Other
Total
Japan
Other
Total
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.1
1.9
1.3
1.8
1.1
1.1
1.3
.9
1.6
2.1
2.1
2.2
4.4
6.0
8.2
6.0
4.7
3.9
8.1
5.9
5.8
6.4
7.2
7.4
8.2
6.6
5.3
6.0
8.7
7.7
7.1
5.3
3.5
3.9
2.4
1.8
2.1
2.3
4.1
4.2
5.8
10.6
5.3
10.5
17.1
25.1
23.1
19.4
15.5
15.2
21.8
16.6
16.9
14.4
16.1
19.0
19.9
15.0
11.0
23.9
41.9
57.0
51.3
33.1
32.8
45.1
42.6
34.2
45.1
51.6
58.4
65.5
57.3
37.6
35.8
48.6
47.2
41.3
33.8
22.5
25.0
20.8
15.6
15.1
15.2
18.8
20.8
27.1
40.3
30.1
38.2
5.6
7.5
7.8
12.2
15.8
21.4
27.6
19.7
18.0
19.2
27.3
25.4
18.8
15.9
10.1
15.7
23.1
25.9
25.8
17.9
16.3
15.4
11.4
11.1
14.1
13.8
13.3
12.3
12.3
11.9
10.2
11.8
10.5
8.0
7.7
5.0
4.4
2.1
1.3
(s)
4.4
2.1
.3
(s)
1.7
.9
3.2
1.3
.9
1.0
1.0
.9
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.6
1.8
2.6
2.1
3.5
2.5
4.1
6.0
8.7
7.5
6.1
7.2
9.9
11.4
12.3
11.3
12.9
12.7
13.0
11.4
11.0
10.7
12.4
14.2
11.8
9.4
6.7
5.8
3.6
2.6
3.6
6.2
5.4
4.1
7.1
10.1
10.1
21.0
38.0
51.0
50.1
50.1
51.2
56.9
71.7
57.3
56.7
53.6
60.7
66.3
60.0
54.3
40.7
66.0
91.7
112.5
106.3
77.8
81.5
92.7
85.5
79.6
95.0
100.8
105.8
109.0
102.5
74.5
71.4
88.5
90.5
83.5
78.0
58.5
58.5
48.7
39.6
43.0
48.0
49.9
49.6
59.2
81.5
59.1
81.7
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1960, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#coal.

Sources: 1960-1988U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Exports by
Schedule B Commodities, EM 522. 1989-2000U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Coal
Industry Annual, annual reports. 2001 forwardEIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December,
quarterly reports; and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545."
221
Figure 7.6 Coal Stocks

Total and Electric Power Stocks, 1949-2010
250
By Selected Holding Entity, 2010

200
Total
175
175
200
150
Million Short Tons
Million Short Tons
150
Electric
Power
Sector
100
125
100
75
50
42
50
25
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Electric
Power Sector
Producers
and Distributors
Industrial
Sector
By Selected Holding Entity, 1949-2010

200
Million Short Tons
150
100
50
Producers and Distributors

Industrial Sector
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1
222
1980
1985
1990

Source: Table 7.6.
1995
2000
2005
2010
Table 7.6 Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Consumers
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Producers
and
Distributors
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
12.1
14.2
14.2
20.7
20.8
24.4
24.1
36.8
33.9
34.1
33.1
32.1
28.3
30.4
29.0
33.4
33.0
34.0
25.3
33.2
34.4
28.6
34.0
36.5
39.5
31.9
35.9
43.3
38.3
41.2
35.0
36.5
34.0
34.7
R47.7
E42.2
Residential
and Commercial
Sectors
1.4
2.5
1.0
.7
.4
.3
.2
.2
.2
.4
.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.5
.5
.6
Industrial Sector
Coke Plants
10.0
16.8
13.4
11.1
10.6
9.0
8.8
9.9
12.8
8.3
10.2
9.1
6.5
4.6
4.3
6.2
3.4
3.0
3.9
3.1
2.9
3.3
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.5
1.5
1.4
.9
1.3
2.6
2.9
1.9
2.3
2.0
1.9
Other 1
16.1
26.2
15.9
11.6
13.1
11.8
8.5
7.1
11.1
9.0
11.8
12.0
9.9
9.5
8.7
11.3
10.4
10.4
10.8
8.8
7.4
8.7
7.1
7.0
6.7
6.6
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.6
4.6
6.0
5.8
4.7
4.8
5.6
6.5
5.6
6.0
5.1
4.5
1 Through 1977, data are for stocks held by the manufacturing and transportation sectors. Beginning in
1978, data are for stocks held at manufacturing plants only.
3 Included in "Industrial Sector Other."
Notes: Stocks are at end of year. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Total
26.0
43.0
29.3
22.8
23.8
20.8
17.3
17.0
23.9
17.3
21.9
21.0
16.4
14.1
13.1
17.5
13.9
13.4
14.7
11.9
10.2
12.0
9.8
9.6
9.1
9.2
8.3
8.4
7.6
7.6
7.5
6.1
7.5
7.2
5.6
6.2
8.2
9.4
7.6
8.3
7.1
6.5
Transportation
Sector
Electric
Power
Sector 2
Total
Total
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
22.1
31.8
41.4
51.7
54.5
71.9
110.7
117.4
133.2
128.2
159.7
183.0
168.9
181.1
155.6
179.7
156.4
161.8
170.8
146.5
135.9
156.2
157.9
154.1
111.3
126.9
126.3
114.6
98.8
120.5
141.6
102.3
138.5
141.7
121.6
106.7
101.1
141.0
151.2
161.6
R189.5
175.2
49.5
77.3
71.7
75.2
78.6
93.0
128.3
134.7
157.3
145.9
182.0
204.0
185.3
195.3
168.7
197.2
170.2
175.2
185.5
158.4
146.1
168.2
167.7
163.7
120.5
136.1
134.6
123.0
106.4
128.1
149.1
108.4
146.0
148.9
127.2
112.9
109.3
150.4
158.8
170.4
R197.1
182.2
49.5
77.3
71.7
75.2
78.6
93.0
140.4
148.9
171.5
166.6
202.8
228.4
209.4
232.0
202.6
231.3
203.4
207.3
213.8
188.8
175.1
201.6
200.7
197.7
145.7
169.4
169.1
151.6
140.4
164.6
188.6
140.3
181.9
192.1
165.5
154.0
144.3
186.9
192.8
205.1
R244.8
224.3

Sources: Electric Power Sector: Table 8.8. All Other Data: 1949-1975Bureau of Mines,
Minerals Yearbook, "CoalBituminous and Lignite" and "CoalPennsylvania Anthracite" chapters.
1976U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, CoalBituminous and
Lignite in 1976 and CoalPennsylvania Anthracite 1976. 1977 and 1978EIA, Energy Data Reports,
CoalPennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal Report. 1979EIA, Energy Data Report,
Weekly Coal Report. 1980-2003EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) October-December, quarterly
reports. 2004 forwardEIA, QCR October-December 2010 (May 2011), Table 37.
223
Figure 7.7 Coal Mining Productivity

Total, 1949-2010
Mining Methods, 2010
Location, 2010
Peak: 6.99 in 2000
5.57 in 2010
4
1.77 in 1978
20
Short Tons per Employee Hour
12
9.48
2.91
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
15
10
5
2.85
2010
Mining Method,1 1949-2010
16.60
Underground
Surface
East of the
Mississippi
West of the
Mississippi
By Region and Mining Method, 2010
12
24
6
Underground
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
For 1979 forward, includes all coal; prior to 1979, excludes anthracite.
Note: Beginning in 2001, surface mining includes a small amount of refuse recovery.
224
20.28
18
12
5.52
6
2.67
3.24
0
1950
Surface
Underground
Surface
East of Mississippi
Source: Table 7.7.
Underground
Surface
West of Mississippi
Table 7.7 Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2010

(Short Tons per Employee Hour 1)
Mining Method
Location
East of the Mississippi
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Underground
Surface
30.68
31.92
3.72
31.96
31.04
32.65
31.33
32.91
31.75
34.10
31.72
34.53
31.19
33.26
31.14
33.25
31.09
33.16
31.04
33.03
1.13
1.20
1.29
1.37
1.61
1.72
1.78
2.00
2.20
2.38
2.46
2.54
2.69
2.93
2.95
3.19
3.39
3.57
3.83
3.90
3.99
4.15
4.02
3.98
4.04
3.96
3.62
3.37
3.34
3.15
R2.99
2.91
3.08
3.21
3.42
3.36
3.81
4.03
4.24
4.60
4.98
5.32
5.61
5.94
6.38
6.59
7.23
7.67
8.48
9.05
9.46
9.58
10.39
11.01
210.58
10.36
10.75
10.55
10.03
10.18
10.24
9.81
R9.22
9.48
Underground
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.69
1.75
1.96
2.16
2.32
2.39
2.46
2.59
2.82
2.81
3.02
3.19
3.36
3.63
3.69
3.74
3.89
3.71
3.67
3.68
3.59
3.28
3.06
3.03
2.87
R2.74
2.67
Surface
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.56
2.52
2.75
2.97
2.99
3.13
3.32
3.49
3.61
3.74
3.85
4.03
4.25
4.49
4.31
4.48
4.82
24.53
4.22
4.18
3.95
3.75
3.74
3.74
3.58
R3.33
3.24
1 Data through 1973 for bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite, and data through 1978 for
anthracite, were originally reported in short tons per employee daythese data were converted to short
tons per employee hour by assuming an eight-hour day. Through 1997, other data were calculated by
dividing total production by total labor hours worked by all mine employees except office workers; beginning
in 1998, the calculation also includes office workers.
2 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery.
3 Through 1978, data for anthracite are not available by mining method, but are included in "Total."
West of the Mississippi

Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.98
2.00
2.21
2.42
2.54
2.63
2.73
2.86
3.07
3.11
3.28
3.45
3.63
3.89
3.89
3.97
4.18
23.98
3.86
3.85
3.72
3.44
3.29
3.27
3.12
2.94
2.85
Underground
Surface 2
Total 2
Total 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.49
2.45
2.80
3.39
3.55
3.92
4.01
4.53
4.85
5.18
5.93
6.32
7.03
6.82
6.76
7.45
7.66
8.39
7.80
8.33
8.22
7.48
6.62
6.52
6.07
R5.51
5.52
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.15
8.61
9.02
9.86
10.73
11.86
12.26
12.36
12.49
13.94
15.19
16.23
17.89
18.63
18.82
19.57
20.04
220.63
20.67
21.42
22.04
21.98
22.26
22.35
21.85
R19.85
20.28
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.07
7.40
7.90
8.73
9.38
10.21
10.41
10.79
11.03
12.14
13.22
14.18
15.66
16.04
16.27
17.18
17.62
218.32
18.06
18.67
19.00
18.50
18.33
18.23
17.77
R16.15
16.60
0.72
.76
1.14
1.52
2.09
2.30
1.81
1.78
1.80
1.77
1.81
1.93
2.10
2.11
2.50
2.64
2.74
3.01
3.30
3.55
3.70
3.83
4.09
4.36
4.70
4.98
5.38
5.69
6.04
6.20
6.61
6.99
26.82
6.80
6.95
6.80
6.36
6.26
6.27
5.96
5.61
5.57
Sources: 1949-1975Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "CoalBituminous and Lignite" and

"CoalPennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. 1976U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy
Data Reports, CoalBituminous and Lignite in 1976 and CoalPennsylvania Anthracite 1976. 1977
and 1978EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and Lignite Production and Mine
Operations1977; 1978 and CoalPennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978. 1979EIA, Energy Data
Report, Coal Production1979. 1980-1988EIA, Coal Production, annual reports. 1989-2000EIA,
Coal Industry Annual, annual reports. 2001-2009EIA, Annual Coal Report, annual reports.
2010EIA, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and
Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."
225
Figure 7.8 Coke Overview

Production and Consumption, 1949-2010
80
Million Short Tons
60
40
Consumption
20
Production
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
Overview, 2010
1975
1980
15.0
14.8
10
2000
2005
2010
Imports
5
1.2
1.5
Imports
Exports
Exports
0
Production
Consumption
1950
1960
Source: Table 7.8.
226
1995
Million Short Tons
Million Short Tons
1990
Trade
20
15
1985
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Table 7.8 Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Trade
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
Production
Imports
Exports
Net Imports 1
Stock Change 2
Consumption 3
63.6
72.7
75.3
57.2
66.9
66.5
57.2
58.3
53.5
49.0
52.9
46.1
42.8
28.1
25.8
30.4
28.4
24.9
26.3
28.9
28.0
27.6
24.0
23.4
23.2
22.7
23.7
23.1
22.1
20.0
20.0
20.8
18.9
16.8
17.2
16.9
16.7
16.4
16.2
15.6
11.1
15.0
0.3
.4
.1
.1
.1
.2
1.8
1.3
1.8
5.7
4.0
.7
.5
.1
(s)
.6
.6
.3
.9
2.7
2.3
.8
1.2
2.1
2.2
3.3
3.8
2.5
3.1
3.8
3.2
3.8
2.5
3.2
2.8
6.9
3.5
4.1
2.5
3.6
.3
1.2
0.5
.4
.5
.4
.8
2.5
1.3
1.3
1.2
.7
1.4
2.1
1.2
1.0
.7
1.0
1.1
1.0
.6
1.1
1.1
.6
.8
.7
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.1
.9
1.1
1.3
.8
.7
1.3
1.7
1.6
1.4
2.0
1.3
1.5
-0.3
(s)
-.4
-.2
-.7
-2.3
.5
(s)
.6
5.0
2.5
-1.4
-.6
-.9
-.6
-.5
-.5
-.7
.3
1.6
1.2
.2
.4
1.4
1.1
2.4
2.5
.9
1.9
2.7
2.3
2.6
1.2
2.5
2.0
5.6
1.8
2.5
1.0
1.6
-1.0
-.2
0.2
-.7
-1.2
.1
.7
1.0
4.1
1.5
(s)
-2.9
1.7
3.4
-1.9
1.5
-4.7
.2
-1.2
-.5
-1.0
.5
.3
(s)
.2
-.2
-.4
-.5
.4
(s)
(s)
-.4
-.1
.2
-.1
-.4
-.2
(s)
.3
.1
-.1
.3
-.1
-.1
63.2
73.4
76.1
56.9
65.4
63.2
53.7
56.8
54.1
56.9
53.8
41.3
44.0
25.8
29.9
29.7
29.1
24.7
27.7
30.0
28.9
27.8
24.2
25.0
24.7
25.6
25.8
24.0
24.0
23.1
22.4
23.2
20.2
19.6
19.4
22.5
18.2
18.8
17.3
17.0
10.3
14.8
Producer and distributor stocks at end of year. A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks; a
positive value indicates an increase.
3 "Consumption" is calculated as the sum of production and imports minus exports and stock change.
P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.
2

Sources: 1949-1975Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coke and Coal Chemicals" chapter.
1976-1980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Coke and Coal
Chemicals, annual reports. 1981-2003EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (QCR) October-December, quarterly
reports. 2004 forwardEIA, QCR October-December 2010 (May 2011), Table ES-2.
227
Figure 7.9 Coal Prices

Total, 1949-2010
80
Real (2005) Dollars per Short Ton
Peak 1975: $57.65
60
2010: $32.20
40
20
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
By Type, 1949-2010
1980
Nominal Dollars per Short Ton
Real (2005) Dollars per Short Ton
1995
2000
2005
2010
70
90
60
Anthracite
Bituminous
Coal
30
Lignite
Subbituminous Coal
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
60
60.56
52.74
50
40
35.63
30
18.47
20
13.99
10
0
2010
In chainedl (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See Chained Dollars in Glossary.
228
1990
By Type, 2010
120
0
1950
1985
Bituminous
Coal
Anthracite

Source: Table 7.9.
Lignite
Subbituminous
Coal
Total
Table 7.9 Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2010

(Dollars per Short Ton)
Bituminous Coal
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010E
Nominal
Real
Lignite 1
Subbituminous Coal
3
44.90
433.83
44.86
433.19
44.51
427.19
44.71
425.33
44.45
422.34
46.30
425.91
419.79
458.96
420.11
456.67
420.59
454.54
422.64
456.04
27.31
29.17
31.51
32.15
31.11
30.63
30.78
28.84
28.19
27.66
27.40
27.43
27.49
26.78
26.15
25.68
25.56
25.17
24.64
24.87
23.92
24.15
25.36
26.57
26.73
30.56
36.80
39.32
40.80
51.39
R55.44
60.56
62.41
61.09
60.34
58.02
54.01
51.25
49.99
45.82
43.53
41.29
39.41
37.99
36.77
34.99
33.43
32.15
31.35
30.29
29.14
29.08
27.57
27.24
27.98
28.84
28.41
31.58
36.80
38.08
R38.38
R47.31
R50.58
54.73
Nominal
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.55
11.08
12.18
13.37
13.03
12.41
12.57
12.26
11.32
10.45
10.16
9.70
9.68
9.68
9.33
8.37
8.10
7.87
7.42
6.96
6.87
7.12
6.67
7.34
7.73
8.12
8.68
9.95
10.69
12.31
R13.35
13.99
Real
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
21.82
23.20
23.32
24.13
22.62
20.76
20.41
19.48
17.48
15.60
14.61
13.43
12.95
12.65
11.93
10.48
9.93
9.47
8.78
8.14
7.92
8.03
7.36
7.97
8.21
8.39
8.68
9.64
10.06
R11.33
R12.18
12.64
Nominal
2.37
2.41
2.38
2.29
2.13
1.86
3.17
3.74
4.03
5.68
6.48
7.60
8.85
9.79
9.91
10.45
10.68
10.64
10.85
10.06
9.91
10.13
10.89
10.81
11.11
10.77
10.83
10.92
10.91
11.08
11.04
11.41
11.52
11.07
11.20
12.27
13.49
14.00
14.89
16.50
R17.26
18.47
1 Because of withholding to protect company confidentiality, lignite prices exclude Texas for 1955-1977
and Montana for 1974-1978. As a result, lignite prices for 1974-1977 are for North Dakota only.
4 Through 1978, subbituminous coal is included in "Bituminous Coal."
Note: Prices are free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal at the point
of first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. For 1949-2000, prices are for open market
and captive coal sales; for 2001-2007, prices are for open market coal sales; for 2008 forward, prices are
for open market and captive coal sales. See "Captive Coal," "Free on Board (F.O.B.)," and "Open Market
Coal" in Glossary.
Anthracite
Real
16.36
16.46
14.35
12.31
10.69
7.65
9.44
10.54
10.68
14.06
14.81
15.92
16.95
17.67
17.20
17.48
17.34
16.91
16.75
15.02
14.26
14.03
14.57
14.12
14.20
13.48
13.28
13.14
12.90
12.96
12.72
12.87
12.71
12.02
11.90
12.68
13.49
13.56
R14.01
R15.19
R15.75
16.69
Nominal
8.90
9.34
8.00
8.01
8.51
11.03
32.26
33.92
34.86
35.25
41.06
42.51
44.28
49.85
52.29
48.22
45.80
44.12
43.65
44.16
42.93
39.40
36.34
34.24
32.94
36.07
39.78
36.78
35.12
42.91
35.13
40.90
47.67
47.78
49.87
39.77
41.00
43.61
52.24
60.76
R57.10
52.74
Total
Real
61.44
63.78
48.23
43.07
42.72
45.36
96.12
95.58
92.34
87.25
93.83
89.02
84.79
89.96
90.78
80.68
74.38
70.10
67.40
65.92
61.75
54.57
48.61
44.74
42.11
45.16
48.79
44.27
41.54
50.18
40.49
46.14
52.59
51.87
53.00
41.10
41.00
R42.24
R49.15
R55.94
R52.09
47.66
Nominal
5.24
5.19
4.69
4.83
4.55
6.34
19.35
19.56
19.95
21.86
23.75
24.65
26.40
27.25
25.98
25.61
25.20
23.79
23.07
22.07
21.82
21.76
21.49
21.03
19.85
19.41
18.83
18.50
18.14
17.67
16.63
16.78
17.38
17.98
17.85
19.93
23.59
25.16
26.20
31.25
R33.24
35.63
Real 3
36.17
35.44
28.28
25.97
22.84
26.07
57.65
55.12
52.85
54.11
54.27
51.62
50.55
49.18
45.10
42.85
40.93
37.80
35.62
32.95
31.39
30.14
28.75
27.48
25.38
24.30
23.09
22.27
21.45
20.66
19.17
18.93
19.17
19.52
18.97
20.60
23.59
24.37
R24.65
R28.77
R30.32
32.20

Sources: 1949-1975Bureau of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook. 1976U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, CoalBituminous and Lignite in 1976, and BOM, Minerals
Yearbook. 1977 and 1978EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and Lignite Production and
Mine Operations, and CoalPennsylvania Anthracite. 1979EIA, Coal Production, and Energy Data
Report, CoalPennsylvania Anthracite.
1980-1992EIA, Coal Production, annual reports.

1993-2000EIA, Coal Industry Annual, annual reports and unpublished revisions. 2001-2009EIA,
Annual Coal Report, annual reports. 2010EIA, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S.
Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment
and Coal Production Report."
229
Coal
Note 1. Coal Consumption. Data in this report on the consumption of bituminous
coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite, anthracite, and waste coal are developed primarily
from consumption data reported in surveys. Included are data reported by all electric
power companies and coke plant companies. Data on coal consumption by all industrial and manufacturing establishments are based on consumption data obtained quarterly from coal users. Beginning in 2008, data on coal consumption by the residential
and commercial sectors are based on data received on Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality ReportManufacturing and Transformation/Processing
Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Users. Prior to 2008, data on coal
consumption by the residential and commercial sectors are based on distribution data
obtained annually from coal distributors. Included in each sectors data are the
following: Residential and Commercial Sectorscommercial and institutional
establishments including military bases, universities, and various State facilities;
Industrial Sectorconsumption at manufacturing plants, coking plants, and coal
preparation plants; Electric Power Sector (electric utilities and independent power
producers)consumption for electric generation and useful thermal output at
electricity-only and CHP plants within the North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS) 22 category, whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. There are no data for the Transportation Sector.
230
Note 2. Residential and Commercial Coal Consumption Estimates. Through

2007, coal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors was reported to
the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) for the two sectors combined;
EIA estimates the amount consumed by the sectors individually. To create the
estimates, it is first assumed that an occupied coal-heated housing unit consumes
fuel at the same Btu rate as an oil-heated housing unit. Then, for the years in
which data are available on the number of occupied housing units by heating
source (1950, 1960, 1970, 19731981, and subsequent odd-numbered years; see
Table 2.7), residential consumption of coal is estimated by the following steps: a
ratio is created of the number of occupied housing units heated by coal to the
number of housing units heated by oil; that ratio is then multiplied by the Btu
quantity of oil consumed by the residential sector to derive an estimate of the Btu
quantity of coal consumed by the residential sector; and, finally, the amount estimated as the residential sector consumption is subtracted from the residential and
commercial sectors combined consumption to derive the commercial sectors
estimated consumption. The 1950 share is applied to 1949, and the other missing
years shares are interpolated.
Beginning in 2008, coal consumption is reported to EIA for commercial and institutional users. However, EIA continues to allocate a small portion of that consumption to the residential sector using the above methodology.
8. Electricity
Figure 8.0
Electricity Flow, 2010

(Quadrillion Btu)
1
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from
fossil fuels.
2
Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,
and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
3
Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. Derived for the diagram by
subtracting the T & D Losses estimate from T & D Losses and Unaccounted for derived from
Table 8.1.
4
Electric energy used in the operation of power plants.
5
Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of
generation and delivery to the customer) are estimated as 7 percent of gross generation.
6
Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that
consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial
process located within the same facility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
Notes: Data are preliminary. See Note, Electrical System Energy Losses, at the
end of Section 2. Net generation of electricity includes pumped storage facility production
minus energy used for pumping. Values are derived from source data prior to rounding for
Sources:
Tables 8.1, 8.4a, 8.9, A6 (column 4), and U.S. Energy Information
Administration, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
233
Figure 8.1
Electricity Overview
Overview, 2010
Electricity Trade, 1949-2010
4,500
60
3,971
3,750
Billion Kilowatthours
50
3,000
1,500
0
Electric
Power
Commercial
Net Generation
140
45
19
Industrial
Imports
Exports
Trade
134
40
Imports
30
20
10
Exports
Retail
Sales
Direct
Use
0
1950
End Use
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Net-Generation-to-End-Use Flow, 2010

(Billion Kilowatthours)
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

2
Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy
service providers.
3
See Table 8.1, footnote 8.
234
Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of
generation and delivery to the customer). See Note, Electrical System Energy Losses, at
the end of Section 2.
5
Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error.
Table 8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Net Generation
Trade
Imports
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
Electric Power
Sector 2
291
329
547
756
1,055
1,532
1,918
2,038
2,124
2,206
2,247
2,286
2,295
2,241
2,310
2,416
2,470
2,487
2,572
2,704
22,848
2,901
2,936
2,934
3,044
3,089
3,194
3,284
3,329
3,457
3,530
3,638
3,580
3,698
3,721
3,808
3,902
3,908
4,005
3,974
R3,810
3,971
Commercial
Sector 3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4
6
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
9
9
8
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Industrial
Sector 4
Total
5
5
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4115
131
133
143
146
151
151
151
154
154
156
157
149
153
155
154
145
148
143
137
R132
140
296
334
550
759
1,058
1,535
1,921
2,041
2,127
2,209
2,251
2,290
2,298
2,244
2,313
2,419
2,473
2,490
2,575
2,707
2,967
3,038
3,074
3,084
3,197
3,248
3,353
3,444
3,492
3,620
3,695
3,802
3,737
3,858
3,883
3,971
4,055
4,065
4,157
4,119
R3,950
4,120
From Canada
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
16
20
26
29
45
41
42
43
40
43
49
38
37
29
33
R42
42
50
56
51
44
Exports
Total
2
2
5
5
4
6
11
11
20
21
23
25
36
33
39
42
46
41
52
39
26
18
22
28
31
47
43
43
43
40
43
49
39
37
30
34
R44
43
51
57
52
45
Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders. Net imports equal imports minus exports.
3 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.
4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. Through 1988, data
are for industrial hydroelectric power only.
5 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of generation and
delivery to the customer). See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of Section 2.
6 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error.
7 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy
2
To Canada
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
16
2
2
3
1
2
2
7
12
13
13
16
15
24
22
19
23
20
R24
R18
19
End Use
1
Net Imports
Total
Total
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
4
4
5
2
3
1
2
4
3
4
3
3
5
5
6
7
15
16
2
3
4
2
4
3
9
14
14
15
16
16
24
23
R19
24
20
24
18
19
2
2
4
5
(s)
2
6
9
17
20
20
21
33
29
35
40
41
36
46
32
11
2
20
25
28
45
39
40
34
26
29
34
22
21
6
11
25
18
31
33
34
26
T & D Losses 5
and
Unaccounted
for 6
Retail
Sales 7
Direct
Use 8
Total
43
44
58
76
104
145
180
194
197
211
200
216
184
187
198
173
190
158
164
161
222
203
207
212
224
211
229
231
224
221
240
244
202
248
228
266
269
266
R298
R287
R261
261
255
291
497
688
954
1,392
1,747
1,855
1,948
2,018
2,071
2,094
2,147
2,086
2,151
2,286
2,324
2,369
2,457
2,578
2,647
2,713
2,762
2,763
2,861
2,935
3,013
3,101
3,146
3,264
3,312
3,421
3,394
3,465
3,494
3,547
3,661
3,670
3,765
3,733
R3,597
3,750
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
109
125
124
134
139
146
151
153
156
161
172
171
163
166
168
168
150
147
R126
R132
R127
E134
255
291
497
688
954
1,392
1,747
1,855
1,948
2,018
2,071
2,094
2,147
2,086
2,151
2,286
2,324
2,369
2,457
2,578
2,756
2,837
2,886
2,897
3,001
3,081
3,164
3,254
3,302
3,425
3,484
3,592
3,557
3,632
3,662
3,716
3,811
3,817
R3,890
R3,865
R3,724
3,884
service providers.
8 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that consumes the
power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial process located within the same
facility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.
Notes: See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into
Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#electricity for all data beginning in 1949.
For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.
Sources: See end of section.
235
Figure 8.2a Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors)

By Source Category, 2010
Other1
Total
(All Sectors)
6%
Trillion Kilowatthours
4
By Source, 2010
Electric Power
2.9
Natural
Gas
24%
45%
Coal
6%
Hydroelectric
Power2
0.8
20%
0.4
Commercial and Industrial

0
1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
Nuclear
Electric Power
0
Fossil
Fuels
Nuclear
Electric Power
Renewable
Energy
By Source, 1949-2010
2.5
Coal
2.0
1.5
1.0
Other
0.5

Hydroelectric
Power
Natural Gas
0.0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1
Wind, petroleum, wood, waste, geothermal, other gases, solar thermal and photovoltaic,
batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,
fuels).
236
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Conventional hydroelectric power and pumped storage.

Sources: Tables 8.2a, 8.2b, and 8.2d.
2010
Figure 8.2b Electricity Net Generation by Sector

By Sector, 2010
Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2010
5
4.0
4
Electricity-Only Plants
1
0.1
Electric Power
Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants
(s)
0
Industrial
0
1989
Commercial
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2010
Industrial and Commercial Sectors, 2010

90
Industrial
79
Commercial
60
30
26
18
8
4
(ss)
0
Natural Gas
Wood
Coal
()
Other Gases
1
fossil fuels.
2
fuels).
(ss)
Petroleum
(ss)
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power
Waste
Other
= No data reported.
(s) = Less than 0.05 trillion kilowatthours.
(ss) = Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.
Sources: Tables 8.2b-8.2d.
237
Table 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Sum of Tables 8.2b and 8.2d; Billion Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal 1
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198911
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
135.5
154.5
301.4
403.1
570.9
704.4
852.8
944.4
985.2
975.7
1,075.0
1,161.6
1,203.2
1,192.0
1,259.4
1,341.7
1,402.1
1,385.8
1,463.8
1,540.7
1,583.8
1,594.0
1,590.6
1,621.2
1,690.1
1,690.7
1,709.4
1,795.2
1,845.0
1,873.5
1,881.1
1,966.3
1,904.0
1,933.1
1,973.7
1,978.3
2,012.9
1,990.5
2,016.5
1,985.8
R1,755.9
1,850.7
Petroleum 2
28.5
33.7
37.1
48.0
64.8
184.2
289.1
320.0
358.2
365.1
303.5
246.0
206.4
146.8
144.5
119.8
100.2
136.6
118.5
148.9
164.4
126.5
119.8
100.2
112.8
105.9
74.6
81.4
92.6
128.8
118.1
111.2
124.9
94.6
119.4
121.1
122.2
64.2
65.7
46.2
R38.9
36.9
Renewable Energy
Natural
Gas 3
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
37.0
44.6
95.3
158.0
221.6
372.9
299.8
294.6
305.5
305.4
329.5
346.2
345.8
305.3
274.1
297.4
291.9
248.5
272.6
252.8
352.6
372.8
381.6
404.1
414.9
460.2
496.1
455.1
479.4
531.3
556.4
601.0
639.1
691.0
649.9
710.1
761.0
816.4
896.6
883.0
R921.0
981.8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.9
10.4
11.3
13.3
13.0
13.3
13.9
14.4
13.4
13.5
14.1
14.0
9.0
11.5
15.6
15.3
13.5
14.2
13.5
11.7
R10.6
11.2
201.0
232.8
433.8
609.0
857.3
1,261.5
1,441.7
1,559.0
1,648.9
1,646.2
1,708.0
1,753.8
1,755.4
1,644.1
1,678.0
1,758.9
1,794.3
1,770.9
1,854.9
1,942.4
2,108.6
2,103.6
2,103.3
2,138.7
2,230.7
2,270.1
2,293.9
2,346.0
2,430.3
2,547.1
2,569.7
2,692.5
2,677.0
2,730.2
2,758.6
2,824.8
2,909.5
2,885.3
2,992.2
2,926.7
R2,726.5
2,880.7
0.0
.0
.0
.5
3.7
21.8
172.5
191.1
250.9
276.4
255.2
251.1
272.7
282.8
293.7
327.6
383.7
414.0
455.3
527.0
529.4
576.9
612.6
618.8
610.3
640.4
673.4
674.7
628.6
673.7
728.3
753.9
768.8
780.1
763.7
788.5
782.0
787.2
806.4
806.2
R798.9
807.0
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage 5
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
-3.5
-4.5
-4.2
-4.0
-3.4
-2.7
-3.1
-4.0
-4.5
-6.1
-5.5
-8.8
-8.7
-8.5
-8.5
-6.6
-6.6
-6.9
-6.3
R-4.6
-4.1
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 6
94.8
100.9
116.2
149.4
197.0
251.0
303.2
286.9
223.6
283.5
283.1
279.2
263.8
312.4
335.3
324.3
284.3
294.0
252.9
226.1
272.0
292.9
289.0
253.1
280.5
260.1
310.8
347.2
356.5
323.3
319.5
275.6
217.0
264.3
275.8
268.4
270.3
289.2
247.5
254.8
R273.4
257.1
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.
6 Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."
7 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
8 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
sources, and tire-derived fuels).
9 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.
10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,
2
3
238
Biomass
Wood 7
Waste 8
Geothermal
0.4
.4
.3
.1
.3
.1
(s)
.1
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.5
.7
.5
.8
.9
27.2
32.5
33.7
36.5
37.6
37.9
36.5
36.8
36.9
36.3
37.0
37.6
35.2
38.7
37.5
38.1
38.9
38.8
39.0
37.3
R36.1
38.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
.2
.4
.6
.7
.7
.7
9.2
13.3
15.7
17.8
18.3
19.1
20.4
20.9
21.7
22.4
22.6
23.1
14.5
15.0
15.8
15.4
15.4
16.1
16.5
17.7
R18.4
18.6
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.2
.5
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.0
3.9
5.1
5.7
4.8
6.1
7.7
9.3
10.3
10.8
10.3
14.6
15.4
16.0
16.1
16.8
15.5
13.4
14.3
14.7
14.8
14.8
14.1
13.7
14.5
14.4
14.8
14.7
14.6
14.6
R14.8
R15.0
15.7
Solar/PV 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.3
.4
.5
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.6
.5
.6
.6
.5
.6
.9
R.9
1.3
Wind
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2.1
2.8
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.0
4.5
5.6
6.7
10.4
11.2
14.1
17.8
26.6
34.4
55.4
R73.9
94.6
Total
95.2
101.3
116.5
149.6
197.4
251.8
306.6
290.8
227.7
286.8
287.5
284.7
269.9
317.5
341.7
332.9
295.0
305.5
265.1
238.1
325.3
357.2
357.8
326.9
356.7
336.7
384.8
423.0
433.6
400.4
399.0
356.5
287.7
343.4
355.3
351.5
357.7
385.8
352.7
R380.9
R417.7
425.2
Other 10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.8
3.6
4.7
3.7
3.5
3.7
4.1
3.6
3.6
3.6
4.0
4.8
11.9
13.5
14.0
14.2
12.8
13.0
12.2
R11.8
R11.9
11.3
Total
296.1
334.1
550.3
759.2
1,058.4
1,535.1
1,920.8
2,040.9
2,127.4
2,209.4
2,250.7
2,289.6
2,298.0
2,244.4
2,313.4
2,419.5
2,473.0
2,490.5
2,575.3
2,707.4
2,967.1
3,037.8
3,073.8
3,083.9
3,197.2
3,247.5
3,353.5
3,444.2
3,492.2
3,620.3
3,694.8
3,802.1
3,736.6
3,858.5
3,883.2
3,970.6
4,055.4
4,064.7
4,156.7
4,119.4
R3,950.3
4,120.0
beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived
fuels).
11 Through 1988, all data except hydroelectric are for electric utilities only; hydroelectric data through
1988 include industrial plants as well as electric utilities. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,
independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion killowatthours.
Notes: See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum
Sources: 1949-1988Table 8.2b for electric power sector, and Table 8.1 for industrial sector. 1989
forwardTables 8.2b and 8.2d.
Table 8.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal 1
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198911
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
135.5
154.5
301.4
403.1
570.9
704.4
852.8
944.4
985.2
975.7
1,075.0
1,161.6
1,203.2
1,192.0
1,259.4
1,341.7
1,402.1
1,385.8
1,463.8
1,540.7
1,562.4
1,572.1
1,568.8
1,597.7
1,665.5
1,666.3
1,686.1
1,772.0
1,820.8
1,850.2
1,858.6
1,943.1
1,882.8
1,910.6
1,952.7
1,957.2
1,992.1
1,969.7
1,998.4
1,968.8
R1,741.1
1,831.2
Petroleum 2
28.5
33.7
37.1
48.0
64.8
184.2
289.1
320.0
358.2
365.1
303.5
246.0
206.4
146.8
144.5
119.8
100.2
136.6
118.5
148.9
159.0
118.9
112.8
92.2
105.4
98.7
68.1
74.8
86.5
122.2
111.5
105.2
119.1
89.7
113.7
114.7
116.5
59.7
61.3
42.9
35.8
34.4
Renewable Energy
Natural
Gas 3
Other
Gases 4
37.0
44.6
95.3
158.0
221.6
372.9
299.8
294.6
305.5
305.4
329.5
346.2
345.8
305.3
274.1
297.4
291.9
248.5
272.6
252.8
297.3
309.5
317.8
334.3
342.2
385.7
419.2
378.8
399.6
449.3
473.0
518.0
554.9
607.7
567.3
627.2
683.8
734.4
814.8
802.4
R841.0
898.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.5
.6
.7
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.9
1.3
1.5
2.3
1.6
2.0
.6
2.0
2.6
3.6
3.8
4.3
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.8
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
201.0
232.8
433.8
609.0
857.3
1,261.5
1,441.7
1,559.0
1,648.9
1,646.2
1,708.0
1,753.8
1,755.4
1,644.1
1,678.0
1,758.9
1,794.3
1,770.9
1,854.9
1,942.4
2,019.1
2,001.1
2,000.1
2,025.4
2,114.1
2,151.7
2,175.3
2,226.9
2,308.4
2,424.0
2,444.8
2,568.3
2,557.5
2,610.0
2,636.4
2,702.6
2,796.1
2,768.1
2,878.5
2,817.3
R2,621.0
2,766.9
0.0
.0
.0
.5
3.7
21.8
172.5
191.1
250.9
276.4
255.2
251.1
272.7
282.8
293.7
327.6
383.7
414.0
455.3
527.0
529.4
576.9
612.6
618.8
610.3
640.4
673.4
674.7
628.6
673.7
728.3
753.9
768.8
780.1
763.7
788.5
782.0
787.2
806.4
806.2
R798.9
807.0
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage 5
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 6
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
-3.5
-4.5
-4.2
-4.0
-3.4
-2.7
-3.1
-4.0
-4.5
-6.1
-5.5
-8.8
-8.7
-8.5
-8.5
-6.6
-6.6
-6.9
-6.3
R-4.6
-4.1
other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from
non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
fuels).
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours.
2
3
89.7
95.9
113.0
145.8
193.9
247.7
300.0
283.7
220.5
280.4
279.8
276.0
260.7
309.2
332.1
321.2
281.1
290.8
249.7
222.9
269.2
289.8
286.0
250.0
277.5
254.0
305.4
341.2
350.6
317.9
314.7
271.3
213.7
260.5
271.5
265.1
267.0
286.3
245.8
253.1
R271.5
255.3
Biomass
Wood 7
Waste 8
Geothermal
0.4
.4
.3
.1
.3
.1
(s)
.1
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.5
.7
.5
.8
.9
5.6
7.0
7.7
8.5
9.2
9.2
7.6
8.4
8.7
8.6
9.0
8.9
8.3
9.0
9.5
9.7
10.6
10.3
10.7
10.6
R10.7
11.5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
.2
.4
.6
.7
.7
.7
7.7
11.5
13.9
15.9
16.2
17.0
18.0
17.8
18.5
19.2
19.5
20.3
12.9
13.1
13.8
13.1
13.0
13.9
14.3
15.4
R16.0
16.1
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.2
.5
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.0
3.9
5.1
5.7
4.8
6.1
7.7
9.3
10.3
10.8
10.3
14.6
15.4
16.0
16.1
16.8
15.5
13.4
14.3
14.7
14.8
14.8
14.1
13.7
14.5
14.4
14.8
14.7
14.6
14.6
R14.8
R15.0
15.7
Solar/PV 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.3
.4
.5
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.6
.5
.6
.6
.5
.6
.9
R.9
1.3
Wind
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2.1
2.8
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.0
4.5
5.6
6.7
10.4
11.2
14.1
17.8
26.6
34.4
55.4
R73.9
94.6
Total
90.1
96.3
113.3
146.0
194.3
248.6
303.5
287.6
224.5
283.7
284.2
281.5
266.7
314.4
338.6
329.8
291.9
302.3
262.0
234.9
299.5
326.9
327.0
293.9
323.2
299.7
348.0
385.4
396.3
364.0
362.9
320.7
256.0
308.0
321.0
317.4
323.7
352.2
320.5
R350.2
R388.0
394.5
Other 10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.3
(s)
.4
.5
.4
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
6.5
9.1
8.6
8.3
6.9
7.1
6.8
R7.0
R6.6
7.0
Total
291.1
329.1
547.0
755.5
1,055.3
1,531.9
1,917.6
2,037.7
2,124.3
2,206.3
2,247.4
2,286.4
2,294.8
2,241.2
2,310.3
2,416.3
2,469.8
2,487.3
2,572.1
2,704.3
2,848.2
2,901.3
2,935.6
2,934.4
3,043.9
3,088.7
3,194.2
3,284.1
3,329.4
3,457.4
3,530.0
3,637.5
3,580.1
3,698.5
3,721.2
3,808.4
3,902.2
3,908.1
4,005.3
3,974.3
R3,809.8
3,971.2
Notes: The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP)
plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to
the public. See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. See Note 1,
"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at
end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: 1949-September 1977Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant
Report." October 1977-1981Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power
Plant Report." 1982-1988U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly
Power Plant Report." 1989-1997EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form
EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1998-2000EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power
Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility." 2001-2003EIA,
Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." 2004-2007EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form
EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." 2008 forwardEIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant
Operations Report."
239
Table 8.2c Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 1989-2010
(Breakout of Table 8.2b; Billion Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal 1
Petroleum 2
Natural
Gas 3
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage 5
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 6
Biomass
Wood 7
Waste 8
Geothermal
6.9
10.4
16.3
16.1
16.4
17.0
17.1
17.6
11.3
11.2
11.9
11.8
11.7
12.5
12.9
14.0
14.3
14.4
14.6
15.4
13.4
14.3
14.7
14.8
14.8
14.1
13.7
14.5
14.4
14.8
14.7
14.6
14.6
R14.8
R15.0
15.7
0.9
1.1
1.7
1.7
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.7
1.7
2.0
1.9
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
R1.7
1.6
Solar/PV 9
Wind
Total
Other 10
Total
Electricity-Only Plants 11
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1,554.0
1,560.2
1,658.0
1,742.8
1,793.2
1,823.0
1,832.1
1,910.6
1,851.8
1,881.2
1,915.8
1,921.1
1,955.5
1,933.7
1,962.0
1,932.0
R1,711.9
1,799.3
158.3
117.6
62.0
68.5
80.3
115.7
104.8
98.0
113.2
83.3
108.5
109.4
111.2
55.2
56.9
39.3
R31.9
31.5
266.9
264.7
317.4
272.8
291.1
335.9
356.6
399.4
427.0
456.8
421.2
491.2
553.2
618.0
686.3
683.3
R722.7
776.0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
(s)
.2
(s)
.2
.3
.4
(s)
(s)
.1
(s)
.1
.1
1,979.3
1,942.4
2,037.4
2,084.1
2,164.6
2,274.6
2,293.6
2,408.2
2,392.0
2,421.5
2,445.7
2,522.0
2,619.9
2,607.0
2,705.3
2,654.6
R2,466.6
2,606.9
529.4
576.9
673.4
674.7
628.6
673.7
728.3
753.9
768.8
780.1
763.7
788.5
782.0
787.2
806.4
806.2
R798.9
807.0
(6)
-3.5
-2.7
-3.1
-4.0
-4.5
-6.1
-5.5
-8.8
-8.7
-8.5
-8.5
-6.6
-6.6
-6.9
-6.3
R-4.6
-4.1
269.2
289.8
305.4
341.2
350.6
317.9
314.7
271.3
213.7
260.5
271.5
265.1
267.0
286.2
245.8
253.1
R271.5
255.3
4.2
5.6
5.9
6.5
6.5
6.6
7.3
7.3
6.6
7.3
7.4
8.1
8.5
8.3
8.7
8.6
R8.5
9.0
0.3
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.6
.5
.6
.6
.5
.6
.9
R.9
1.3
2.1
2.8
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.0
4.5
5.6
6.7
10.4
11.2
14.1
17.8
26.6
34.4
55.4
R73.9
94.6
297.3
324.3
344.7
381.8
392.0
359.8
358.8
316.4
252.6
304.3
317.0
314.5
320.3
348.7
317.1
R346.8
R384.0
390.4
5.9
7.6
7.6
7.6
6.2
6.3
6.0
R6.2
R5.8
6.0
2,805.9
2,840.0
3,052.8
3,137.6
3,181.3
3,303.6
3,374.6
3,472.9
3,410.5
3,504.8
3,525.5
3,624.1
3,721.8
3,742.7
3,828.0
3,807.4
R3,650.7
3,806.2
2.2
2.6
3.4
3.6
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.3
3.4
3.7
4.0
2.9
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.4
R3.9
4.1
0.3
(s)
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.6
1.4
1.1
.7
.7
.8
.7
.8
R.8
1.0
42.3
61.3
141.5
146.6
148.1
153.8
155.4
164.6
169.5
193.7
195.7
184.3
180.4
165.4
177.4
166.9
R159.1
165.0
Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 12
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
8.4
11.9
28.1
29.2
27.6
27.2
26.6
32.5
31.0
29.4
36.9
36.1
36.5
36.0
36.4
36.9
R29.2
31.9
0.7
1.3
6.1
6.3
6.2
6.6
6.7
7.2
6.0
6.5
5.2
5.3
5.3
4.5
4.4
3.6
R3.9
2.9
30.4
44.8
101.7
105.9
108.5
113.4
116.4
118.6
128.0
150.9
146.1
136.0
130.7
116.4
128.4
119.0
R118.3
122.3
0.5
.6
1.9
1.3
1.5
2.3
1.6
1.8
.6
1.7
2.4
3.2
3.8
4.2
3.9
3.2
3.0
2.8
39.9
58.7
137.9
142.7
143.7
149.4
151.2
160.2
165.5
188.5
190.6
180.6
176.2
161.1
173.2
162.7
R154.4
159.9
fuels).
11 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to the
public. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
2
240
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.9
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.7
2.1
1.6
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
R2.3
2.5
12 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to
sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plantsthese are included
under "Electricity-Only Plants."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours.
Notes: See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. See Note 1,
Sources: 1989-1997U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power
Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1998-2000EIA, Form
EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator
ReportNonutility." 2001-2003EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." 2004-2007EIA, Form
EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." 2008
forwardEIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Table 8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010
(Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal 1
Petroleum 2
Natural
Gas 3
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage 5
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power
Biomass
Wood 6
Waste 7
Geothemal
0.5
.8
1.5
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.0
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
R1.7
1.7
0.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.7
.8
.6
.8
.7
.8
.7
.6
.6
.8
R.7
.8
Solar/PV 8
Wind
Total
Other 9
Total
(s)
(s)
(s)
R(s)
(s)
0.7
1.1
1.7
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.1
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.6
R1.8
1.8
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.5
.6
.6
.8
.8
.8
.8
.7
R.8
.8
4.3
5.8
8.2
9.0
8.7
8.7
8.6
7.9
7.4
7.4
7.5
8.3
8.5
8.4
8.3
7.9
R8.2
8.3
(s)
25.2
29.3
35.1
35.2
34.8
33.9
33.5
33.6
30.6
34.3
32.9
32.4
32.2
31.9
30.5
29.1
R27.9
28.9
3.5
3.6
3.9
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.9
4.7
4.9
3.8
4.8
5.1
5.1
5.1
4.7
4.1
R4.5
3.5
114.7
130.7
151.0
151.0
154.1
154.1
156.3
156.7
149.2
152.6
154.5
153.9
144.7
148.3
143.1
137.1
R132.3
140.5
Commercial Sector 10
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
0.7
.8
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.3
R1.1
1.1
0.6
.6
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
.4
.2
.2
.1
R.2
.1
2.2
3.3
5.2
5.2
4.7
4.9
4.6
4.3
4.4
4.3
3.9
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.3
4.2
R4.2
4.5
0.1
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3.6
4.8
6.5
6.7
6.2
6.3
6.0
5.8
5.9
5.7
5.5
5.8
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.6
R5.5
5.7
0.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
0.1
.1
.1
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
Industrial Sector 11
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
20.7
21.1
22.4
22.2
23.2
22.3
21.5
22.1
20.1
21.5
19.8
19.8
19.5
19.5
16.7
15.7
R13.7
18.4
4.8
7.0
6.0
6.3
5.6
6.2
6.1
5.6
5.3
4.4
5.3
6.0
5.4
4.2
4.2
3.2
R3.0
2.4
53.2
60.0
71.7
71.0
75.1
77.1
78.8
78.8
79.8
79.0
78.7
79.0
72.9
77.7
77.6
76.4
R75.7
79.0
7.3
9.6
11.9
13.0
11.8
11.2
12.5
11.9
8.5
9.5
13.0
11.7
9.7
9.9
9.4
8.5
7.6
8.4
85.9
97.8
112.1
112.5
115.8
116.8
118.9
118.4
113.6
114.4
116.8
116.4
107.4
111.3
107.9
103.9
R100.0
108.1
fuels).
2
3
2.7
3.0
5.3
5.9
5.7
5.3
4.8
4.1
3.1
3.8
4.2
3.2
3.2
2.9
1.6
1.7
1.9
1.6
21.6
25.4
28.9
28.4
28.2
27.7
28.1
28.7
26.9
29.6
28.0
28.4
28.3
28.4
28.3
26.6
R25.3
26.4
10
Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours.
Notes: See Tables 8.2b and 8.2c for electric power sector electricity-only and CHP data. See Note
1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors,"
at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: 1989-1997U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility
Power Producer Report."
1998-2000EIA, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator

EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
2008 forwardEIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
11
241
Figure 8.3 Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants

Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010
Total (All Sectors) by Source, 2010

600
2.5
562
517
500
400
Trillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
2.0
1.5
1.0
286
300
200
0.5
0.0
1989
98
100
38
36
Petroleum
Waste
15
0
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2010
Wood
Coal
Other
Gases
Other
By Sector, 2010
Industrial
2.0
Natural
Gas
1.8
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
1.5
1.0
0.5
1.2
1.2
0.6
Electric Power
0.3
Commercial
0.0
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2010
0.1
0.0
Industrial
1
fossil fuels.
242
Electric Power
Commercial
2
fuels).
Sources: Tables 8.3a8.3c.
Table 8.3a Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010
(Sum of Tables 8.3b and 8.3c; Trillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels
Renewable Energy
Biomass
Year
Coal 1
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
323
363
352
367
373
388
386
392
389
382
386
384
354
337
333
352
342
333
327
315
R282
286
Petroleum 2
96
127
112
117
129
133
121
133
137
136
125
108
90
73
85
97
92
78
76
48
R53
38
Natural Gas 3
Other Gases 4
Total
Wood 5
462
538
547
592
604
646
686
711
713
782
811
812
741
709
610
654
624
603
554
509
R513
517
93
141
148
160
142
144
145
150
150
167
179
184
133
118
110
126
138
126
116
111
R100
98
973
1,168
1,159
1,236
1,248
1,309
1,338
1,385
1,389
1,466
1,501
1,488
1,318
1,236
1,139
1,230
1,197
1,140
1,074
983
R947
939
546
651
623
658
668
722
721
701
731
700
690
707
557
546
597
637
628
653
616
572
R509
562
other biomass.
2
Waste 6
30
36
37
40
45
45
47
55
55
57
55
56
28
26
35
30
36
37
35
38
38
36
Total
577
687
660
698
713
767
768
756
785
757
744
764
585
572
632
667
665
690
651
610
R547
598
Other 7
39
40
44
42
41
42
44
43
53
46
48
50
55
48
55
45
41
49
47
24
R33
15
Total
1,589
1,896
1,863
1,976
2,002
2,119
2,151
2,184
2,227
2,269
2,294
2,302
1,958
1,856
1,826
1,943
1,903
1,879
1,772
1,617
R1,527
1,552
fuels).
Notes: Data do not include electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. See Note 1,
"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. Totals
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/electricity/.
Sources: Tables 8.3b and 8.3c.
243
Table 8.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2010
(Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels
Renewable Energy
Biomass
Year
Coal 1
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
13
21
21
28
30
37
40
43
39
43
52
53
52
40
38
39
40
38
38
37
R38
40
Petroleum 2
8
9
6
6
8
9
13
12
12
6
7
7
6
4
7
8
8
7
7
7
7
6
Natural Gas 3
67
80
82
102
107
119
118
121
132
142
146
158
164
214
200
239
239
207
213
204
R191
197
Other Gases 4
2
4
4
5
3
5
4
4
8
5
4
5
5
6
9
18
37
23
20
22
20
19
Total
90
114
113
140
147
170
176
180
191
196
208
223
226
264
255
305
323
275
279
270
R256
262
other biomass.
fuels).
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
2
244
Wood 5
19
18
17
17
16
15
15
16
16
10
10
6
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
9
9
11
Waste 6
5
6
9
8
8
10
12
16
14
16
20
19
4
5
11
9
8
7
8
8
R8
8
Total
Other 7
Total
24
25
26
25
24
24
27
33
30
26
30
26
13
13
20
17
18
17
19
17
R18
19
1
(s)
1
2
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
5
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
114
138
140
167
173
195
203
213
221
222
238
249
243
281
278
326
346
297
302
292
R278
287
Notes: Data are for combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plants.
See Table 8.3c for commercial and industrial CHP data. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. See
"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.

Operations Report."
Table 8.3c Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors,
Selected Years, 1989-2010 (Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels
Renewable Energy
Biomass
Year
Coal 1
Petroleum 2
Natural Gas 3
Other Gases 4
Total
Wood 5
Waste 6
Total
Other 7
Total
Commercial Sector 8
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
14
15
17
20
22
20
20
21
18
18
23
22
23
22
23
23
20
20
4
5
3
3
4
5
3
4
4
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
R1
1
10
16
29
33
40
39
37
39
35
36
17
22
20
19
20
20
R26
25
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
27
36
48
55
66
64
61
64
58
57
42
49
47
44
44
45
R47
46
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
10
10
15
17
19
18
17
17
8
6
8
8
8
9
6
9
8
7
10
11
15
18
20
18
17
18
8
7
8
9
9
9
7
9
R8
8
(s)
6
5
6
6
6
6
4
6
6
5
38
46
63
73
86
82
78
82
72
69
57
64
61
59
55
60
R61
59
15
20
20
21
22
24
18
20
16
15
16
13
20
21
21
21
R21
21
542
652
726
705
735
713
697
720
564
552
604
641
638
663
625
584
R521
572
38
40
44
43
53
46
48
50
46
39
46
35
32
39
38
13
R22
5
1,437
1,711
1,884
1,897
1,920
1,965
1,978
1,971
1,644
1,505
1,491
1,553
1,496
1,523
1,414
1,265
R1,188
1,207
Industrial Sector 9
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
297
327
329
329
328
318
313
309
284
278
272
290
280
272
266
255
R223
226
84
113
105
118
121
124
115
98
80
66
75
85
81
69
67
39
R45
31
385
443
540
557
541
601
629
615
542
458
393
393
364
377
322
285
R296
295
90
137
140
146
142
162
175
179
128
112
101
108
102
103
96
89
R80
79
856
1,019
1,114
1,150
1,132
1,206
1,233
1,201
1,034
914
842
876
827
821
751
668
R644
630
other biomass.
fuels).
8 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
2
3
527
632
706
684
713
689
679
700
548
537
588
628
618
642
605
563
R500
551
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: See Table 8.3b for electric power sector CHP data. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity
Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. See
"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.

Operations Report."
245
Figure 8.4
Consumption for Electricity Generation
Total and Major Fuel Categories, 1949-2010
By Major Fuel, 2010
50
25
Total Energy
20
Fossil Fuels
30
20
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
40
15
10
Nuclear Electric
Power
10
19.2
8.4
7.8
5
2.5
0.9
Renewable Energy
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
By Major Fuel, 1949-2010
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.5
Petroleum
Wood
Waste
Other
0
Coal
Nuclear Natural HydroElectric

Gas Electric
Power
Power
Wind
24
45
Coal
12
Nuclear Electric
Power
Renewable
Energy
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
18
30
15
Natural Gas
Commercial
Petroleum
0
1950
1
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010

Geothermal, other gases, electricity net imports, solar thermal and photovoltaic energy,
batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,
2
246
Industrial
0
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
fuels).
3
Combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.
Sources: Tables 8.4a-8.4c.
Table 8.4a Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Sum of Tables 8.4b and 8.4c; Trillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal 1
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1,995
2,199
3,458
4,228
5,821
7,227
8,786
9,720
10,262
10,238
11,260
12,123
12,583
12,582
13,213
14,019
14,542
14,444
15,173
15,850
1116,359
16,477
16,460
16,686
17,424
17,485
17,687
18,650
19,128
19,417
19,467
20,411
19,789
19,997
20,367
20,376
20,802
20,527
20,842
20,549
R18,241
19,187
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Petroleum 2
Natural
Gas 3
415
472
471
553
722
2,117
3,166
3,477
3,901
3,987
3,283
2,634
2,202
1,568
1,544
1,286
1,090
1,452
1,257
1,563
111,756
1,366
1,276
1,076
1,203
1,135
813
888
985
1,378
1,285
1,212
1,347
1,014
1,266
1,248
1,269
668
683
485
R403
385
569
651
1,194
1,785
2,395
4,054
3,240
3,152
3,284
3,297
3,613
3,810
3,768
3,342
2,998
3,220
3,160
2,691
2,935
2,709
113,582
3,791
3,861
3,999
4,027
4,476
4,840
4,400
4,658
5,205
5,441
5,818
6,001
6,250
5,736
5,827
6,212
6,644
7,288
7,087
R7,302
7,805
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
90
112
125
141
136
136
133
159
119
125
126
126
97
131
156
135
110
115
115
97
R84
89
Total
2,979
3,322
5,123
6,565
8,938
13,399
15,191
16,349
17,446
17,522
18,156
18,567
18,553
17,491
17,754
18,526
18,792
18,586
19,365
20,123
1121,788
21,746
21,723
21,903
22,790
23,233
23,473
24,097
24,890
26,124
26,320
27,567
27,235
27,392
27,525
27,586
28,393
27,954
28,927
28,218
R26,029
27,465
Nuclear
Electric
Power 5
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 5
Wood 6
Biomass
Waste 7
Geothermal 5
0
0
0
6
43
239
1,900
2,111
2,702
3,024
2,776
2,739
3,008
3,131
3,203
3,553
4,076
4,380
4,754
5,587
115,602
6,104
6,422
6,479
6,410
6,694
7,075
7,087
6,597
7,068
7,610
7,862
8,029
8,145
7,959
8,222
8,161
8,215
8,455
8,427
R8,356
8,441
1,425
1,415
1,360
1,608
2,059
2,634
3,155
2,976
2,333
2,937
2,931
2,900
2,758
3,266
3,527
3,386
2,970
3,071
2,635
2,334
122,837
3,046
3,016
2,617
2,892
2,683
3,205
3,590
3,640
3,297
3,268
2,811
2,242
2,689
2,825
2,690
2,703
2,869
2,446
2,511
R2,669
2,509
6
5
3
2
3
1
(s)
1
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
5
8
5
8
10
11345
442
425
481
485
498
480
513
484
475
490
496
486
605
519
344
355
350
353
339
R320
335
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
4
7
7
7
8
11151
211
247
283
288
301
316
324
339
332
332
330
228
257
249
230
230
241
245
267
R272
263
NA
NA
NA
R(s)
R2
R6
R34
R38
R37
R31
R40
R53
R59
R51
R64
R81
R97
R108
R112
R106
11,R152
R161
R167
R167
R173
R160
R138
R148
R150
R151
R152
R144
R142
R147
R148
R148
R147
R145
R145
R146
R146
153
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6.
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and
other biomass.
fuels).
10 Net imports equal imports minus exports. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of
section.
11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,
Solar/PV 5,8
Wind 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
113
4
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
9
R9
13
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1122
29
31
30
31
36
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
341
546
R721
924
Total
1,431
1,421
1,363
1,610
R2,064
R2,643
R3,190
R3,017
R2,376
R2,971
R2,976
R2,957
R2,821
R3,320
R3,595
R3,476
R3,082
R3,191
R2,762
R2,458
11,R3,510
R3,893
R3,889
R3,582
R3,874
R3,683
R4,177
R4,613
R4,653
R4,290
R4,292
R3,843
R3,173
R3,809
R3,860
R3,560
R3,619
R3,873
R3,536
R3,817
R4,137
4,196
Other 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
39
36
59
40
34
40
42
37
36
36
41
46
160
191
193
183
173
162
168
R172
R170
161
Electricity
Net
Imports 10
5
6
14
15
(s)
7
21
29
59
67
69
71
113
100
121
135
140
122
158
108
37
8
67
87
95
153
134
137
116
88
99
115
75
72
22
39
R85
63
107
112
116
88
Total
4,415
4,749
6,500
8,197
R11,045
R16,287
R20,303
R21,506
R22,583
R23,585
R23,977
R24,335
R24,495
R24,042
R24,673
R25,690
R26,090
R26,280
R27,040
R28,276
R30,976
R31,788
R32,160
R32,091
R33,203
R33,803
R34,901
R35,971
R36,293
R37,607
R38,362
R39,433
R38,672
R39,610
R39,559
R39,591
R40,430
R40,268
R41,193
R40,747
R38,808
40,351

12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities and industrial plants. Beginning in 1989, data are for
electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.
Notes: Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. Data also include energy consumed to
produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
This table no longer shows energy consumption by hydroelectric pumped storage plants. The change
was made because most of the electricity used to pump water into elevated storage reservoirs is generated
by plants other than pumped-storage plants; thus, the associated energy is already accounted for in other
data columns in this table (such as "Conventional Hydroelectric Power," "Coal," "Natural Gas," and so on).
See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
Sources: 1949-1988Table 8.4b for electric power sector, and Tables 8.1 and A6 for industrial
sector. 1989 forwardTables 8.4b and 8.4c.
247
Table 8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector,
Fossil Fuels
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Coal
1,995
2,199
3,458
4,228
5,821
7,227
8,786
9,720
10,262
10,238
11,260
12,123
12,583
12,582
13,213
14,019
14,542
14,444
15,173
15,850
1116,121
16,235
16,223
16,431
17,159
17,215
17,416
18,375
18,855
19,162
19,214
20,153
19,549
19,733
20,137
20,217
20,649
20,377
20,723
20,431
R18,135
19,039
Petroleum
415
472
471
553
722
2,117
3,166
3,477
3,901
3,987
3,283
2,634
2,202
1,568
1,544
1,286
1,090
1,452
1,257
1,563
111,697
1,281
1,199
990
1,122
1,056
743
810
917
1,306
1,211
1,145
1,280
955
1,199
1,202
1,227
635
651
463
R382
369
Natural
Gas 3
569
651
1,194
1,785
2,395
4,054
3,240
3,152
3,284
3,297
3,613
3,810
3,768
3,342
2,998
3,220
3,160
2,691
2,935
2,709
113,107
3,233
3,296
3,407
3,426
3,851
4,179
3,730
3,981
4,520
4,742
5,120
5,290
5,522
5,009
5,209
5,643
6,055
6,681
6,516
R6,731
7,211
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
6
6
12
12
12
18
16
14
23
14
19
9
25
30
27
24
28
27
23
R21
20
Total
2,979
3,322
5,123
6,565
8,938
13,399
15,191
16,349
17,446
17,522
18,156
18,567
18,553
17,491
17,754
18,526
18,792
18,586
19,365
20,123
1120,932
20,755
20,725
20,840
21,719
22,134
22,356
22,930
23,768
25,011
25,181
26,438
26,128
26,235
26,374
26,655
27,543
27,095
28,083
27,434
R25,270
26,638
Nuclear
Electric
Power 5
0
0
0
6
43
239
1,900
2,111
2,702
3,024
2,776
2,739
3,008
3,131
3,203
3,553
4,076
4,380
4,754
5,587
115,602
6,104
6,422
6,479
6,410
6,694
7,075
7,087
6,597
7,068
7,610
7,862
8,029
8,145
7,959
8,222
8,161
8,215
8,455
8,427
R8,356
8,441
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 5
1,349
1,346
1,322
1,569
2,026
2,600
3,122
2,943
2,301
2,905
2,897
2,867
2,725
3,233
3,494
3,353
2,937
3,038
2,602
2,302
112,808
3,014
2,985
2,586
2,861
2,620
3,149
3,528
3,581
3,241
3,218
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,781
2,656
2,670
2,839
2,430
2,494
R2,650
2,492
Biomass
Wood
6
5
3
2
3
1
(s)
1
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
5
8
5
8
10
1175
106
104
120
129
134
106
117
117
125
125
126
116
141
156
150
166
163
165
159
R160
165
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6.
other biomass.
fuels).
10 Net imports equal imports minus exports. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of
section.
Notes: Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. Data also include energy consumed to
248
Waste
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
4
7
7
7
8
11126
180
217
252
255
269
282
280
292
287
290
294
205
224
216
206
205
216
221
242
R244
236
Geothermal 5
NA
NA
NA
R(s)
R2
R6
R34
R38
R37
R31
R40
R53
R59
R51
R64
R81
R97
R108
R112
R106
11,R152
R161
R167
R167
R173
R160
R138
R148
R150
R151
R152
R144
R142
R147
R148
R148
R147
R145
R145
R146
R146
153
Solar/PV
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
113
4
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
9
R9
13
5,8
Wind
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1122
29
31
30
31
36
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
341
546
R721
924
Total
Other
1,355
1,351
1,325
1,571
R2,031
R2,609
R3,158
R2,983
R2,343
R2,940
R2,942
R2,925
R2,788
R3,286
R3,562
R3,443
R3,049
R3,158
R2,729
R2,425
11,R3,187
R3,493
R3,509
R3,158
R3,454
R3,224
R3,713
R4,112
R4,179
R3,840
R3,836
R3,394
R2,747
R3,273
R3,421
R3,308
R3,372
R3,632
R3,307
R3,596
R3,931
3,983
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
(s)
4
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
109
137
136
131
116
117
117
R122
R115
115
Electricity
Net
Imports 10
5
6
14
15
(s)
7
21
29
59
67
69
71
113
100
121
135
140
122
158
108
37
8
67
87
95
153
134
137
116
88
99
115
75
72
22
39
R85
63
107
112
116
88
Total
4,339
4,679
6,461
8,158
R11,012
R16,253
R20,270
R21,473
R22,551
R23,553
R23,943
R24,302
R24,462
R24,009
R24,639
R25,657
R26,057
R26,247
R27,007
R28,244
R29,761
R30,361
R30,727
R30,568
R31,681
R32,207
R33,281
R34,268
R34,660
R36,008
R36,728
R37,811
R37,089
R37,861
R37,912
R38,355
R39,276
R39,122
R40,068
R39,691
R37,788
39,265
The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within
the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
See Table 8.4c for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. This table no longer
shows energy consumption by hydroelectric pumped storage plants. The change was made because most
of the electricity used to pump water into elevated storage reservoirs is generated by plants other than
pumped-storage plants; thus, the associated energy is already accounted for in other data columns in this
table (such as "Conventional Hydroelectric Power," "Coal," "Natural Gas," and so on). See Note 1,
Sources: Electricity Net Imports: Tables 8.1 and A6. All Other Data: 1949-1988Tables 8.2b,
8.5b, A1, A4, A5, and A6. 1989-1997U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759,
"Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report."
1998-2000EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility."
2001-2003EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."

2004-2007EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power
Plant Report." 2008 forwardEIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Table 8.4c Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial Sectors,
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal 1
Petroleum 2
Natural
Gas 3
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 5
Biomass
Wood 6
Waste 7
Commercial Sector
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
9
9
12
14
14
11
12
12
13
9
13
8
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
6
4
4
5
5
6
5
6
4
5
5
4
2
2
1
1
1
18
28
44
44
40
42
40
38
37
31
39
34
35
35
35
34
R35
36
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
R(s)
36
45
60
62
59
57
57
55
56
44
58
46
46
45
44
43
R43
44
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
Electricity
Net
Imports
Geothermal
Solar/PV 5,8
Wind 5
(s)
(s)
(s)
R(s)
(s)
12
18
23
33
35
34
35
28
16
19
21
21
21
22
20
21
R24
24
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
7
11
11
11
10
10
10
11
R13
13
47
63
83
95
94
91
92
82
79
73
89
78
78
77
75
75
R80
80
(s)
311
382
440
468
439
417
422
421
410
518
419
231
226
219
208
200
R182
190
37
36
40
35
36
35
39
45
44
43
46
41
46
35
41
39
R42
33
1,168
1,364
1,537
1,607
1,538
1,508
1,542
1,540
1,504
1,675
1,558
1,158
1,076
1,068
1,050
980
R940
1,005
Total
Other 9
Total
10
9
15
21
31
34
32
33
26
15
18
19
19
20
21
19
20
R23
22
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
229
233
259
261
260
245
242
245
227
255
217
151
145
143
111
109
R99
141
52
79
66
74
63
67
68
61
62
55
61
42
39
31
30
21
20
15
456
530
617
626
637
643
660
660
674
697
687
585
534
554
572
537
R535
558
83
104
114
143
105
102
112
107
88
106
127
108
85
87
88
73
R62
69
820
946
1,057
1,104
1,064
1,056
1,081
1,074
1,051
1,113
1,093
885
804
814
800
740
R716
783
28
31
55
61
58
55
49
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
16
17
18
16
5 Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6.
other biomass.
fuels).
2
267
335
373
394
367
349
364
369
370
464
362
194
189
187
188
179
R160
169
15
16
13
13
14
13
8
10
7
15
13
5
5
3
4
5
4
5
11

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. =Not applicable. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. See Table 8.4b for electric power
sector electricity-only and CHP data. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of

249
Figure 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation (All Sectors), 1989-2010
Natural Gas
1.2
0.9
6
Trillion Cubic Feet
Billion Short Tons
Coal
0.6
0.3
0
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
0
1989
2010
Petroleum
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2010
2007
2010
Wood and Waste
300
0.8
250
Total
Petroleum
0.6
200
Quadrillion Btu
Million Barrels
150
Residual
Fuel Oil
100
Wood
0.4
Waste
0.2
50
0
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2010
0.0
1989
1992
1995
Source: Table 8.5a.
250
1998
2001
2004
Figure 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2010
Coal
Natural Gas
8
1,200
7.1
971
CHP
CHP
6
Trillion Cubic Feet
Million Short Tons
1,000
800
600
ElectricityOnly
Plants
400
ElectricityOnly
Plants
2
200
0.5
8
0
Electric Power
Industrial
0
(s)
Commercial
Petroleum
Electric Power
60
400
CHP
401
CHP
Trillion Btu
Million Barrels
Commercial
500
62
ElectricityOnly
Plants
20
300
200
ElectricityOnly
Plants
174
100
2
0
Electric Power
1
Industrial
Wood and Waste
80
40
(ss)
0.0
Industrial
Combined-heat-and-power plants.
Combined-heat-and-power and electricity-only plants.
(sss)
0
Commercial
23
0
Electric Power
Industrial
Commercial
(s)=Less than 0.5 million short tons.

(ss)=Less than 0.05 trillion cubic feet.
(sss)=Less than 0.5 million barrels.
Sources: Tables 8.5b-8.5d.
251
Table 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Sum of Tables 8.5b and 8.5d)
Petroleum
Coal 1
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198911
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
83,963
91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
405,962
448,371
477,126
481,235
527,051
569,274
596,797
593,666
625,211
664,399
693,841
685,056
717,894
758,372
781,672
792,457
793,666
805,140
842,153
848,796
860,594
907,209
931,949
946,295
949,802
994,933
972,691
987,583
1,014,058
1,020,523
1,041,448
1,030,556
1,046,795
1,042,335
R934,683
979,555
Distillate Fuel Oil 2
Residual Fuel Oil 3
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
4,767
5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
38,907
41,843
48,837
47,520
30,691
29,051
21,313
15,337
16,512
15,190
14,635
14,326
15,367
18,769
27,733
18,143
16,564
14,493
16,845
22,365
19,615
20,252
20,309
25,062
25,951
31,675
31,150
23,286
29,672
20,163
20,651
13,174
15,683
12,832
R12,658
13,892
61,534
69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
467,221
514,077
574,869
588,319
492,606
391,163
329,798
234,434
228,984
189,289
158,779
216,156
184,011
229,327
249,614
190,652
177,780
144,467
159,059
145,225
95,507
106,055
118,741
172,728
158,187
143,381
165,312
109,235
142,518
142,088
141,518
58,473
63,833
38,191
R28,576
24,359
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
303
437
380
759
715
929
680
1,712
237
549
974
1,450
855
1,894
2,947
2,856
2,968
2,174
2,917
2,822
R2,328
1,790
Biomass
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5
Natural Gas 6
Other Gases 7
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
636
70
68
98
398
268
179
139
149
261
252
231
313
348
409
667
1,914
1,789
2,504
3,169
3,020
3,355
3,322
4,086
4,860
4,552
3,744
3,871
6,836
6,303
7,677
8,330
7,363
6,036
5,417
R4,821
4,956
66,301
75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
506,479
556,261
624,193
637,830
524,636
421,110
351,806
250,517
246,804
205,736
174,571
232,046
201,116
250,141
280,986
218,800
203,669
172,241
192,462
183,618
132,578
144,626
159,715
222,640
207,871
195,228
216,672
168,597
206,653
203,494
206,785
110,634
112,615
80,932
R67,668
64,821
550,121
628,919
1,153,280
1,724,762
2,321,101
3,931,860
3,157,669
3,080,868
3,191,200
3,188,363
3,490,523
3,681,595
3,640,154
3,225,518
2,910,767
3,111,342
3,044,083
2,602,370
2,844,051
2,635,613
3,485,429
3,691,563
3,764,778
3,899,718
3,928,653
4,367,148
4,737,871
4,312,458
4,564,770
5,081,384
5,321,984
5,691,481
5,832,305
6,126,062
5,616,135
5,674,580
6,036,370
6,461,615
7,089,342
6,895,843
R7,121,069
7,633,469
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of
4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.
5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
other biomass.
2
252
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
90
112
125
141
136
136
133
159
119
125
126
126
97
131
156
135
110
115
115
97
R84
89
Wood 8
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
6
5
3
2
3
1
(s)
1
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
5
8
5
8
10
345
442
425
481
485
498
480
513
484
475
490
496
486
605
519
344
355
350
353
339
R320
335
Other 10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
4
7
7
7
8
151
211
247
283
288
301
316
324
339
332
332
330
228
257
249
230
230
241
245
267
R272
263
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
39
36
59
40
34
40
42
37
36
36
41
46
160
191
193
183
173
162
168
R172
R170
161
fuels).
11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,
Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include fuels consumed to
See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
Sources: Tables 8.5b and 8.5d.
Table 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector,
Selected Years, 1949-2010 (Subset of Table 8.5a)
Petroleum
Coal 1
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198911
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
83,963
91,871
143,759
176,685
244,788
320,182
405,962
448,371
477,126
481,235
527,051
569,274
596,797
593,666
625,211
664,399
693,841
685,056
717,894
758,372
771,551
781,301
782,653
793,390
829,851
836,113
847,854
894,400
919,009
934,126
937,888
982,713
961,523
975,251
1,003,036
1,012,459
1,033,567
1,022,802
1,041,346
1,036,891
R929,692
971,322
1
2
Residual Fuel Oil 3
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
4,767
5,423
5,412
3,824
4,928
24,123
38,907
41,843
48,837
47,520
30,691
29,051
21,313
15,337
16,512
15,190
14,635
14,326
15,367
18,769
26,036
16,394
14,255
12,469
14,559
20,241
18,066
18,472
18,646
23,166
23,875
29,722
29,056
21,810
27,441
18,793
19,450
12,578
15,135
12,318
R11,848
13,515
61,534
69,998
69,862
84,371
110,274
311,381
467,221
514,077
574,869
588,319
492,606
391,163
329,798
234,434
228,984
189,289
158,779
216,156
184,011
229,327
242,708
183,285
171,629
137,681
151,407
137,198
88,895
98,795
112,423
165,875
151,921
138,047
159,150
104,577
137,361
138,831
138,337
56,347
62,072
37,222
R27,768
23,752
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9
25
58
118
213
667
441
567
130
411
514
403
374
1,243
1,937
2,511
2,591
1,783
2,496
2,608
R2,110
1,705
Biomass
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5
Natural Gas 6
Other Gases 7
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
636
70
68
98
398
268
179
139
149
261
252
231
313
348
409
517
1,008
974
1,490
2,571
2,256
2,452
2,467
3,201
3,999
3,607
3,155
3,308
5,705
5,719
7,135
7,877
6,905
5,523
5,000
R4,485
4,639
66,301
75,421
75,274
88,195
115,203
338,686
506,479
556,261
624,193
637,830
524,636
421,110
351,806
250,517
246,804
205,736
174,571
232,046
201,116
250,141
271,340
204,745
190,810
157,719
179,034
169,387
119,663
130,168
147,202
209,447
194,345
183,946
205,119
156,154
195,336
195,809
199,760
105,235
107,316
77,149
R64,151
62,170
550,121
628,919
1,153,280
1,724,762
2,321,101
3,931,860
3,157,669
3,080,868
3,191,200
3,188,363
3,490,523
3,681,595
3,640,154
3,225,518
2,910,767
3,111,342
3,044,083
2,602,370
2,844,051
2,635,613
3,023,513
3,147,289
3,216,056
3,324,963
3,344,239
3,758,484
4,093,773
3,659,810
3,903,195
4,415,813
4,643,775
5,014,071
5,142,493
5,408,279
4,909,248
5,075,339
5,484,780
5,891,222
6,501,612
6,342,331
R6,566,991
7,055,852
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of
other biomass.
fuels).
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
6
6
12
12
12
18
16
14
23
14
19
9
25
30
27
24
28
27
23
R21
20
Wood 8
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
6
5
3
2
3
1
(s)
1
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
5
8
5
8
10
75
106
104
120
129
134
106
117
117
125
125
126
116
141
156
150
166
163
165
159
R160
165
Other 10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
4
7
7
7
8
126
180
217
252
255
269
282
280
292
287
290
294
205
224
216
206
205
216
221
242
R244
236
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
(s)
4
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
109
137
136
131
116
117
117
R122
R115
115
The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within
the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. See Note 1, "Coverage of
Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Operations Report."
253
Table 8.5c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type,
Selected Years, 1989-2010 (Breakout of Table 8.5b)
Petroleum
Coal
Year
Distillate Fuel Oil
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual Fuel Oil
Other Liquids
Biomass
4
Petroleum Coke
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand Barrels
Total
Thousand
Barrels
Natural Gas
Million
Cubic Feet
Other Gases
Trillion
Btu
Wood
Waste 9
Other 10
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
Electricity-Only Plants 11
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
767,378
774,213
832,928
878,825
904,245
920,353
924,692
967,080
946,068
960,077
983,538
994,774
1,015,640
1,004,769
1,022,840
1,017,806
R913,566
954,414
25,574
14,956
16,169
17,361
17,702
22,293
22,877
28,001
27,695
21,521
25,951
17,944
18,689
12,375
14,626
11,950
R11,509
13,174
241,960
181,231
86,584
96,386
109,989
163,541
149,193
135,419
157,090
102,622
136,050
137,736
137,082
55,192
60,929
36,059
R26,569
22,663
3
17
133
50
30
295
380
94
26
444
936
1,441
1,676
991
1,709
2,478
R1,911
1,631
517
1,008
1,082
1,010
1,687
2,202
1,891
1,457
1,827
3,925
4,794
6,096
6,876
5,988
4,711
4,254
R3,642
4,186
270,125
201,246
108,297
118,848
136,156
197,137
181,905
170,799
193,945
144,212
186,904
187,601
191,827
98,497
100,818
71,760
R58,197
58,398
2,790,567
2,794,110
3,287,571
2,823,724
3,039,227
3,543,931
3,729,175
4,092,729
4,163,930
4,258,467
3,780,314
4,141,535
4,592,271
5,091,049
5,611,600
5,520,491
R5,750,589
6,211,588
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
2
(s)
6
6
5
(s)
(s)
2
2
2
2
59
87
84
94
91
95
105
105
96
118
127
134
143
141
142
136
R133
137
111
162
262
258
266
263
264
267
179
193
185
190
189
198
203
223
R222
216
98
117
120
122
108
107
107
R112
R105
103
232,946
353,179
806,202
836,086
863,968
871,881
914,600
921,341
978,563
1,149,812
1,128,935
933,804
892,509
800,173
890,012
821,839
R816,402
844,264
7
6
18
15
14
21
14
17
9
20
23
22
24
27
25
22
R19
17
16
18
22
24
26
30
20
21
20
23
29
16
22
22
23
23
R27
28
16
18
20
22
26
24
26
28
26
30
31
16
17
18
18
18
R22
20
2
(s)
2
2
1
2
1
1
11
20
16
9
9
10
9
10
11
12
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
2
4,173
7,088
14,926
15,575
14,764
13,773
13,197
15,634
15,455
15,174
19,498
17,685
17,927
18,033
18,506
19,085
R16,126
16,908
462
1,438
1,898
1,111
944
872
998
1,721
1,360
289
1,491
850
760
203
509
368
R340
342
747
2,054
2,311
2,410
2,434
2,334
2,728
2,627
2,059
1,955
1,311
1,095
1,254
1,155
1,144
1,162
1,199
1,090
6
7
307
517
100
117
134
310
347
800
1,002
1,070
915
792
787
130
R199
74
1,370
1,456
1,514
1,797
1,716
1,698
1,482
1,780
926
1,039
1,001
918
812
746
R843
453
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene
and jet fuel.
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.
other biomass.
fuels).
254
1,215
3,499
11,366
11,320
11,046
12,310
12,440
13,147
11,175
11,942
8,431
8,209
7,933
6,738
6,498
5,389
R5,953
3,771
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5.
See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. See Note 1, "Coverage of
Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Table 8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors,
Selected Years, 1989-2010 (Subset of Table 8.5a)
Petroleum
Coal 1
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual Fuel Oil 3
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5
Natural Gas 6
Other Gases 7
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
Wood 8
Waste 9
Other 10
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
414
417
569
656
630
440
481
514
532
477
582
377
377
347
361
369
R317
322
882
580
493
422
583
436
506
505
520
524
553
545
377
211
156
131
145
122
282
372
152
218
200
359
421
310
469
292
326
214
201
116
94
29
R39
27
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
2
10
3
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1,165
953
649
645
790
802
931
823
1,023
834
894
766
585
333
258
166
R190
157
17,987
27,544
42,700
42,380
38,975
40,693
39,045
37,029
36,248
32,545
38,480
32,839
33,785
34,623
34,087
33,403
R34,279
35,611
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
9
15
21
31
34
32
33
26
15
18
19
19
20
21
19
20
R23
22
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
7
11
11
11
10
10
10
11
R13
13
443,928
516,729
601,397
610,268
622,599
624,878
639,165
640,381
653,565
685,239
668,407
566,401
517,805
535,770
553,643
520,109
R519,799
542,006
83
104
114
143
105
102
112
107
88
106
127
108
85
87
88
73
R62
69
267
335
373
394
367
349
364
369
370
464
362
194
189
187
188
179
R160
169
15
16
13
13
14
13
8
10
7
15
13
5
5
3
4
5
4
5
37
36
40
35
36
35
39
45
44
43
46
41
46
35
41
39
R42
33
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
9,707
10,740
12,171
12,153
12,311
11,728
11,432
11,706
10,636
11,855
10,440
7,687
7,504
7,408
5,089
5,075
R4,674
7,911
815
1,169
1,056
1,359
1,079
1,461
1,571
1,448
1,574
952
1,678
825
824
385
392
383
R664
255
6,624
6,995
6,460
7,042
6,118
6,494
5,845
5,024
5,693
4,366
4,831
3,043
2,980
2,010
1,666
941
R769
579
294
412
239
1,145
107
137
460
1,046
479
640
1,006
344
377
391
421
214
R218
84
150
905
902
853
884
860
944
588
557
1,130
582
541
452
456
512
416
R335
315
Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.
Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.
other biomass.
fuels).
2
3
8,482
13,103
12,265
13,813
11,723
12,392
12,595
10,459
10,530
11,608
10,424
6,919
6,440
5,066
5,041
3,617
R3,328
2,494
11

Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. See Tables 8.5b and 8.5c for electric
power sector electricity-only and CHP data. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of

12
255
Figure 8.6
Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2010
Coal
Natural Gas
20
800
Industrial
Industrial
600
Billion Cubic Feet
Million Short Tons
15
10
400
Electric
Power
200
Electric Power
Commercial
0
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Commercial
0
1989
2010
Petroleum
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2010
2007
2010
Wood and Waste
30
1,200
25
Industrial
Industrial
900
Trillion Btu
Million Barrels
20
15
600
10
300
5
0
1989
Electric
Power
Commercial
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Electric Power and Commercial
2010
0
1989
1992
1995
256
1998
2001
2004
Table 8.6a Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output
at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010 (Sum of Tables 8.6b and 8.6c)
Petroleum
Coal 1
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
Thousand
Short Tons
16,510
19,081
18,458
19,372
19,750
20,609
20,418
20,806
21,005
20,320
20,373
20,466
18,944
17,561
17,720
24,275
23,833
23,227
22,810
22,168
R20,507
21,400
Residual Fuel Oil 3
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
1,410
2,050
3,027
2,358
2,449
2,811
2,082
2,192
2,584
4,944
4,665
2,897
2,574
1,462
2,153
3,357
3,795
1,481
1,359
1,305
R2,142
1,374
16,357
18,428
15,293
16,474
17,933
18,822
16,661
18,552
15,882
16,539
14,133
13,292
11,826
9,402
10,341
15,390
15,397
11,373
10,783
5,285
R5,097
3,868
353
895
835
935
857
609
642
756
289
681
838
1,455
563
1,363
1,629
1,908
1,302
1,222
1,320
943
R890
624
Biomass
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5
Natural Gas 6
Other Gases 7
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
247
918
777
862
1,031
1,137
1,235
1,275
2,009
1,336
1,437
924
661
517
763
1,043
783
1,259
1,262
897
R1,007
747
19,357
25,965
23,039
24,077
26,394
27,929
25,562
27,873
28,802
28,845
26,822
22,266
18,268
14,811
17,939
25,870
24,408
20,371
19,775
12,016
R13,161
9,599
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.
other biomass.
2
563,307
654,749
663,963
717,860
733,584
784,015
834,382
865,774
868,569
949,106
982,958
985,263
898,286
860,019
721,267
1,052,100
984,340
942,817
872,579
793,537
R816,787
826,876
116
176
185
200
178
180
181
187
188
209
224
230
166
147
138
218
238
226
214
203
R176
172
Wood 8
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
683
813
779
822
836
903
902
876
913
875
862
884
696
682
746
1,016
997
1,049
982
924
R816
897
Other 10
38
46
46
51
56
57
59
69
68
72
68
71
35
32
44
51
59
60
59
61
R61
58
49
50
55
52
51
53
55
54
67
58
60
63
69
60
69
70
64
75
71
39
R58
25
fuels).
Notes: Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output; they exclude fuels
consumed to produce electricity. Estimates do not include electric utility combined-heat-and-power
(CHP) plants. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. See "Useful Thermal
Output" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
257
Table 8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output
at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2010 (Subset of Table 8.6a)
Petroleum
Coal 1
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
Thousand
Short Tons
639
1,266
1,221
1,704
1,794
2,241
2,376
2,520
2,355
2,493
3,033
3,107
2,910
2,255
2,080
3,809
3,918
3,834
3,795
3,689
R3,935
4,266
Residual Fuel Oil 3
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
120
173
104
154
290
371
486
308
343
134
183
294
219
66
190
314
225
69
192
230
R187
135
1,471
1,630
995
1,045
1,074
1,024
1,127
1,155
1,246
653
572
467
355
197
919
985
1,072
998
1,014
1,019
1,015
944
1
2
1
10
27
104
58
86
23
19
30
51
3
23
88
202
95
87
98
62
R100
49
Biomass
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5
Natural Gas 6
Other Gases 7
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
1,591
1,805
1,101
1,229
1,591
1,791
2,784
2,424
2,466
1,322
1,423
1,412
1,171
841
1,596
2,688
2,424
2,129
2,114
1,907
R1,930
1,721
81,670
97,330
99,868
122,908
128,743
144,062
142,753
147,091
161,608
172,471
175,757
192,253
199,808
263,619
225,967
388,424
384,365
330,878
339,796
326,048
R305,542
321,851
4
40
58
222
175
171
103
128
120
119
111
80
237
206
195
162
119
R126
119
other biomass.
fuels).
2
258
3
5
5
6
4
6
5
5
10
6
4
7
6
7
12
31
60
37
34
38
34
32
Wood 8
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
24
23
21
21
21
18
19
20
20
12
13
8
10
10
11
15
19
19
21
18
R20
23
Other 10
6
8
11
10
10
12
15
21
17
20
25
24
5
6
14
17
15
14
16
16
R17
16
1
(s)
1
2
2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
6
4
7
7
8
8
8
8
9

consumed to produce electricity. Estimates are for combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the
NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the public. Estimates do not
include electric utility CHP plants. See Table 8.6c for commercial and industrial CHP data. See Note
1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors,"
at end of section. See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components

Operations Report."
Table 8.6c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power
Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010 (Subset of Table 8.6a)
Petroleum
Coal 1
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual Fuel Oil 3
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5
Natural Gas 6
Other Gases 7
Wood 8
Waste 9
Other 10
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
12,049
18,913
34,964
40,075
47,941
46,527
44,991
47,844
42,407
41,430
19,973
39,233
34,172
33,112
35,987
32,813
R41,275
39,768
(s)
(s)
R
(s)
(s)
R
R
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
13
13
19
22
24
22
21
21
10
8
10
15
14
16
12
14
R13
12
(s)
(s)
7
6
8
11
10
10
7
10
9
8
469,588
538,506
656,665
678,608
659,021
730,108
762,210
745,165
656,071
554,970
475,327
624,443
565,803
578,828
496,796
434,676
R469,970
465,257
113
171
175
182
178
202
219
223
160
139
126
187
179
190
180
165
R142
140
659
790
882
855
892
862
849
875
685
672
735
1,000
977
1,029
959
905
R796
873
19
25
25
26
27
29
23
25
20
18
21
19
30
30
31
31
R31
31
48
50
55
53
67
58
60
63
58
48
57
53
48
57
57
22
R41
8
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
711
773
850
1,005
1,108
1,002
1,009
1,034
916
929
1,234
1,540
1,544
1,539
1,566
1,652
R1,481
1,465
202
389
319
260
470
418
254
403
505
248
119
570
417
155
101
287
R120
122
601
715
261
328
309
573
412
366
304
108
381
613
587
404
340
173
R173
125
(s)
(s)
(s)
28
12
20
(s)
3
3
3
3
3
4
6
9
8
8
9
11
9
8
11
803
1,104
596
601
794
1,006
682
792
809
416
555
1,243
1,045
601
494
504
R331
300
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
15,160
17,041
17,192
17,281
17,542
16,824
16,330
16,325
15,119
14,377
14,406
18,926
18,371
17,854
17,449
16,827
R15,091
15,670
1,088
1,488
1,277
1,624
1,772
4,391
4,228
2,200
1,850
1,149
1,844
2,473
3,153
1,258
1,066
788
R1,835
1,117
14,285
16,084
15,272
17,069
14,328
15,313
13,148
12,459
11,167
9,097
9,041
13,791
13,738
9,971
9,429
4,093
R3,909
2,798
352
893
584
670
267
662
808
1,402
560
1,312
1,529
1,686
1,207
1,136
1,222
882
R790
574
247
918
1,010
1,097
1,835
1,230
1,307
800
542
399
675
798
568
1,055
1,090
769
R873
617
other biomass.
fuels).
11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.
2
16,963
23,056
22,182
24,848
25,541
26,518
24,718
20,062
16,287
13,555
15,788
21,939
20,940
17,640
17,166
9,605
R10,900
7,577
12
Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

consumed to produce electricity. See Table 8.6b for electric power sector CHP data. See Note 1,
end of section. See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components

Operations Report."
259
Figure 8.7
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output,
1989-2010
Coal
Natural Gas
1.2
10
Total
Trillion Cubic Feet
Billion Short Tons
Electricity
Generation
0.9
0.6
0.3
Total
6
Electricity
Generation
2
Useful Thermal Output
0.0
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
0
1989
2010
Petroleum
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2010
2004
2007
2010
Wood and Waste

2.0
350
Total
300
1.5
Total
Quadrillion Btu
Million Barrels
250
200
Electricity
Generation
150
100
Electricity
Generation
0.5
50
0
1989
1.0
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2010
0.0
1989
1992
1995
Sources: Tables 8.5a, 8.6a, and 8.7a.
260
1998
2001
Table 8.7a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Total (All Sectors), 1989-2010 (Sum of Tables 8.7b and 8.7c)
Petroleum
Coal 1
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
798,181
811,538
812,124
824,512
861,904
869,405
881,012
928,015
952,955
966,615
970,175
1,015,398
991,635
1,005,144
1,031,778
1,044,798
1,065,281
1,053,783
1,069,606
1,064,503
R955,190
1,000,956
Residual Fuel Oil 3
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
29,143
20,194
19,590
16,852
19,293
25,177
21,697
22,444
22,893
30,006
30,616
34,572
33,724
24,748
31,825
23,520
24,446
14,655
17,042
14,137
R14,800
15,265
265,970
209,081
193,073
160,941
176,992
164,047
112,168
124,607
134,623
189,267
172,319
156,673
177,137
118,637
152,859
157,478
156,915
69,846
74,616
43,477
R33,672
28,227
656
1,332
1,215
1,695
1,571
1,539
1,322
2,468
526
1,230
1,812
2,904
1,418
3,257
4,576
4,764
4,270
3,396
4,237
3,765
R3,218
2,414
Biomass
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5
Natural Gas 6
Other Gases 7
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
915
2,832
2,566
3,366
4,200
4,157
4,590
4,596
6,095
6,196
5,989
4,669
4,532
7,353
7,067
8,721
9,113
8,622
7,299
6,314
R5,828
5,703
300,342
244,765
226,708
196,318
218,855
211,547
158,140
172,499
188,517
251,486
234,694
217,494
234,940
183,408
224,593
229,364
231,193
131,005
132,389
92,948
R80,830
74,420
4,048,736
4,346,311
4,428,742
4,617,578
4,662,236
5,151,163
5,572,253
5,178,232
5,433,338
6,030,490
6,304,942
6,676,744
6,730,591
6,986,081
6,337,402
6,726,679
7,020,709
7,404,432
7,961,922
7,689,380
R7,937,856
8,460,344
and jet fuel.
2
206
288
311
341
314
316
313
346
307
334
350
356
263
278
294
353
348
341
329
300
R259
261
Wood 8
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
1,028
1,256
1,204
1,303
1,321
1,401
1,382
1,389
1,397
1,349
1,352
1,380
1,182
1,287
1,266
1,360
1,353
1,399
1,336
1,263
R1,137
1,232
Other 10
189
257
292
333
344
357
374
392
407
404
400
401
263
289
293
282
289
300
304
328
R333
321
88
86
114
92
85
92
97
91
103
95
101
109
229
252
262
254
237
237
239
R212
R228
186
other biomass.
fuels).
Notes: See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. See "Useful Thermal
Output" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
261
Table 8.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Electric Power Sector, 1989-2010 (Subset of Table 8.7a)
Petroleum
Coal 1
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
772,190
782,567
783,874
795,094
831,645
838,354
850,230
896,921
921,364
936,619
940,922
985,821
964,433
977,507
1,005,116
1,016,268
1,037,485
1,026,636
1,045,141
1,040,580
R933,627
975,588
Residual Fuel Oil 3
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
26,156
16,567
14,359
12,623
14,849
20,612
18,553
18,780
18,989
23,300
24,058
30,016
29,274
21,876
27,632
19,107
19,675
12,646
15,327
12,547
R12,035
13,650
244,179
184,915
172,625
138,726
152,481
138,222
90,023
99,951
113,669
166,528
152,493
138,513
159,504
104,773
138,279
139,816
139,409
57,345
63,086
38,241
R28,782
24,696
10
26
59
128
239
771
499
653
152
431
544
454
377
1,267
2,026
2,713
2,685
1,870
2,594
2,670
R2,210
1,755
Biomass
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5
Natural Gas 6
Other Gases 7
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
517
1,008
974
1,494
2,611
2,315
2,674
2,642
3,372
4,102
3,735
3,275
3,427
5,816
5,799
7,372
8,083
7,101
5,685
5,119
R4,611
4,758
272,931
206,550
191,911
158,948
180,625
171,178
122,447
132,593
149,668
210,769
195,769
185,358
206,291
156,995
196,932
198,498
202,184
107,365
109,431
79,056
R66,081
63,891
3,105,183
3,244,619
3,315,925
3,447,871
3,472,982
3,902,546
4,236,526
3,806,901
4,064,803
4,588,284
4,819,531
5,206,324
5,342,301
5,671,897
5,135,215
5,463,763
5,869,145
6,222,100
6,841,408
6,668,379
R6,872,533
7,377,703
and jet fuel.
other biomass.
fuels).
2
262
9
11
11
18
16
19
24
20
24
29
19
25
15
33
41
58
84
65
61
61
R55
52
Wood 8
Waste 9
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
100
129
126
140
150
152
125
138
137
137
138
134
126
150
167
165
185
182
186
177
R180
189
Other 10
132
188
229
262
265
282
296
300
309
308
315
318
211
230
230
223
221
231
237
258
R261
252
3
(s)
4
5
5
3
2
2
1
2
1
1
113
143
140
138
123
125
124
R131
R124
124
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5.

the public. See Table 8.7c for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. See Note 1,
Table 8.7c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010 (Subset of Table 8.7a)
Petroleum
Coal 1
Year
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual Fuel Oil 3
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5
Natural Gas 6
Other Gases 7
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
Wood 8
Waste 9
Other 10
Trillion
Btu
Trillion Btu
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1,125
1,191
1,419
1,660
1,738
1,443
1,490
1,547
1,448
1,405
1,816
1,917
1,922
1,886
1,927
2,021
R1,798
1,787
1,085
969
812
682
1,053
854
759
908
1,026
771
671
1,115
794
366
257
418
R266
244
883
1,087
413
545
509
932
834
676
773
400
708
827
789
520
434
202
R212
153
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
2
38
16
21
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
4
4
4
4
6
6
8
11
9
9
10
12
10
9
12
1,967
2,056
1,245
1,246
1,584
1,807
1,613
1,615
1,832
1,250
1,449
2,009
1,630
935
752
671
R521
458
30,037
46,458
77,664
82,455
86,915
87,220
84,037
84,874
78,655
73,975
58,453
72,072
67,957
67,735
70,074
66,216
R75,555
75,379
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
22
28
40
53
58
54
54
47
25
26
29
34
34
36
31
34
R36
34
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
15
17
18
21
20
21
17
21
R22
21
25,444
36,159
34,448
38,661
37,265
38,910
37,312
30,520
26,817
25,163
26,212
28,857
27,380
22,706
22,207
13,222
R14,228
10,071
913,516
1,055,235
1,258,063
1,288,876
1,281,620
1,354,986
1,401,374
1,385,546
1,309,636
1,240,209
1,143,734
1,190,844
1,083,607
1,114,597
1,050,439
954,785
R989,769
1,007,263
195
275
290
325
283
305
331
331
248
245
253
295
264
277
268
239
R204
209
926
1,125
1,255
1,249
1,259
1,211
1,213
1,244
1,054
1,136
1,097
1,193
1,166
1,216
1,148
1,084
R955
1,042
35
41
38
39
41
42
31
35
27
34
34
24
34
33
36
35
R35
35
85
86
95
89
102
93
99
108
101
92
103
94
94
92
98
60
R82
41
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
24,867
27,781
29,363
29,434
29,853
28,553
27,763
28,031
25,755
26,232
24,846
26,613
25,875
25,262
22,537
21,902
R19,766
23,581
1,903
2,657
2,333
2,983
2,851
5,852
5,799
3,648
3,424
2,101
3,522
3,298
3,977
1,643
1,458
1,171
R2,499
1,372
20,909
23,079
21,732
24,111
20,445
21,807
18,993
17,483
16,860
13,463
13,872
16,835
16,718
11,981
11,096
5,034
R4,678
3,378
646
1,305
823
1,815
374
800
1,268
2,448
1,039
1,953
2,535
2,030
1,583
1,526
1,643
1,095
R1,008
659
397
1,824
1,912
1,950
2,719
2,090
2,251
1,388
1,099
1,529
1,257
1,339
1,020
1,511
1,602
1,184
R1,209
933
other biomass.
fuels).
2
3
11

Notes: See Table 8.7b for electric power sector electricity-only and CHP data. See Note 1,

12
263
Figure 8.8
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector
Coal, 1949-2010
Coal and Petroleum, 1973-2010
200
4
Coal
3
Quadrillion Btu
Million Short Tons
150
100
50
1
Petroleum
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Petroleum, 1949-2010
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Petroleum Products, 2010
150
20
17
17
Million Barrels
Million Barrels
15
100
50
10
5
2
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010

3
Petroleum coke, which is reported in short tons, is converted at a rate of 5 barrels per short
ton.
2
264
Distillate
Fuel Oil1
4
Jet fuel and kerosene.

Sources: Tables 8.8, A3, and A5.
Residual
Fuel Oil2
Petroleum
Coke
Other
Liquids4
2010
Table 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Petroleum
Coal 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
19997
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
Thousand Short Tons

22,054
31,842
41,391
51,735
54,525
71,908
110,724
117,436
133,219
128,225
159,714
183,010
168,893
181,132
155,598
179,727
156,376
161,806
170,797
146,507
135,860
156,166
157,876
154,130
111,341
126,897
126,304
114,623
98,826
120,501
141,604
102,296
138,496
141,714
121,567
106,669
101,137
140,964
151,221
161,589
R189,467
175,160
Residual Fuel Oil 3
Other Liquids 4
Thousand Barrels
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
16,432
14,703
19,281
16,386
20,301
30,023
26,094
23,369
18,801
19,116
16,386
16,269
15,759
15,099
13,824
16,471
16,357
15,714
15,674
16,644
15,392
15,216
15,456
16,343
17,995
15,127
20,486
17,413
19,153
19,275
18,778
18,013
18,395
17,761
R17,886
17,052
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
108,825
106,993
124,750
102,402
111,121
105,351
102,042
95,515
70,573
68,503
57,304
56,841
55,069
54,187
47,446
67,030
58,636
56,135
46,770
46,344
35,102
32,473
33,336
37,451
34,256
24,748
34,594
25,723
25,820
26,596
27,624
28,823
24,136
21,088
R19,068
16,702
Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite.

2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1973-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant stocks
of petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1973-1979, data are for steam plant stocks of petroleum. For 1980-2000,
4 Jet fuel and kerosene. Through 2003, data also include a small amount of waste oil.
6 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil; beginning in 1970, also includes petroleum coke; and beginning
in 2002, also includes other liquids.
Notes: Stocks are at end of year. The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell
Petroleum Coke 5
Total 5,6
Thousand Short Tons
Thousand Barrels
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
800
779
879
1,012
1,380
1,902
1,955
R2,257
2,371
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
239
31
32
44
198
183
52
42
41
55
50
49
40
51
86
105
94
70
67
89
69
65
91
469
559
372
211
390
1,711
1,484
937
530
674
554
739
R1,394
1,087
8,604
10,201
13,671
19,572
25,647
39,151
125,413
121,857
144,252
119,778
132,338
135,635
128,345
119,090
89,652
87,870
73,933
73,313
71,084
69,714
61,795
83,970
75,343
72,183
62,890
63,333
50,821
48,146
51,138
56,591
54,109
40,932
57,031
52,490
53,170
51,434
50,062
51,583
47,203
44,498
R46,181
41,563
electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note
2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum
Operations Report."
265
Figure 8.9
Electricity End Use
Overview, 1989-2010
Retail Sales by Sector, 2010
2.0
Total End Use
Retail Sales
1.5
1.45
1.33
0.96
1.0
0.5
1
Direct Use
0
1989
0.01
0.0
1991 1993
1995
1997
1999
2001 2003
2005
2007
2009
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Retail Sales by Sector, 1949-2010
1.5
Residential
1.0
Industrial
Commercial
0.5
Transportation
0.0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1
Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in
2
Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that
consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial
266
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
process located within the same facility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
Source: Table 8.9.
Table 8.9 Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Retail Sales 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Residential
67
72
128
201
291
466
588
606
645
674
683
717
722
730
751
780
794
819
850
893
906
924
955
936
995
1,008
1,043
1,083
1,076
1,130
1,145
1,192
1,202
1,265
1,276
1,292
1,359
1,352
1,392
1,380
R1,364
1,451
Commercial
E59
E66
E103
E159
E231
E352
E468
E492
E514
E531
543
559
596
609
620
664
689
715
744
784
811
838
855
850
885
913
953
980
1,027
1,078
1,104
1,159
1,191
1,205
1,199
1,230
1,275
1,300
1,336
1,336
R1,307
1,329
Industrial
123
146
260
324
429
571
688
754
786
809
842
815
826
745
776
838
837
831
858
896
926
946
947
973
977
1,008
1,013
1,034
1,038
1,051
1,058
1,064
997
990
1,012
1,018
1,019
1,011
1,028
1,009
R917
962
Discontinued Retail Sales Series

Transportation
Total Retail Sales
E6
E7
E6
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
7
8
8
8
8
2 Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other
sales to public authorities.
3 Industrial sector. Through 2002, excludes agriculture and irrigation; beginning in 2003, includes
agriculture and irrigation.
4 Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways.
5 The sum of "Residential," "Commercial," "Industrial," and "Transportation."
6 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that consumes the
power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial process located within the same
facility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
7 The sum of "Total Retail Sales" and "Direct Use."
8 "Commercial (Old)" is a discontinued seriesdata are for the commercial sector, excluding public
street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities.
9 "Other (Old)" is a discontinued seriesdata are for public street and highway lighting,
interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportation
including railroads and railways.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
255
291
497
688
954
1,392
1,747
1,855
1,948
2,018
2,071
2,094
2,147
2,086
2,151
2,286
2,324
2,369
2,457
2,578
2,647
2,713
2,762
2,763
2,861
2,935
3,013
3,101
3,146
3,264
3,312
3,421
3,394
3,465
3,494
3,547
3,661
3,670
3,765
3,733
R3,597
3,750
Direct Use
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
109
125
124
134
139
146
151
153
156
161
172
171
163
166
168
168
150
147
R126
R132
R127
E134
Total End
255
291
497
688
954
1,392
1,747
1,855
1,948
2,018
2,071
2,094
2,147
2,086
2,151
2,286
2,324
2,369
2,457
2,578
2,756
2,837
2,886
2,897
3,001
3,081
3,164
3,254
3,302
3,425
3,484
3,592
3,557
3,632
3,662
3,716
3,811
3,817
R3,890
R3,865
R3,724
3,884
Use7
Commercial (Old) 8
45
51
79
131
200
307
403
425
447
461
473
488
514
526
544
583
606
631
660
699
726
751
766
761
795
820
863
887
929
979
1,002
1,055
1,083
1,104
Other (Old) 9
20
22
29
32
34
48
68
70
71
73
73
74
85
86
80
85
87
89
88
90
90
92
94
93
95
98
95
98
103
104
107
109
113
106

Sources: Residential and Industrial: 1949-September 1977Federal Power Commission, Form
FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenue and Income." October 1977-February
1980Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric
Operating Revenue and Income." March 1980-1982FERC, Form FPC-5, "Electric Utility Company
Monthly Statement." 1983U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-826, "Electric Utility
Company Monthly Statement." 1984-1995EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Utility Report." 1996
forwardEIA, Electric Power Monthly (EPM) (March 2011), Table 5.1.
Commercial:
1949-2002Estimated by EIA as the sum of "Commercial (Old)" and the non-transportation portion of
"Other (Old)." See estimation methodology at http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf.
2003 forwardEIA, EPM (March 2011), Table 5.1. Transportation: 1949-2002Estimated by EIA
as
the
transportation
portion
of
"Other
(Old)."
See
estimation
methodology
at
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf. 2003 forwardEIA, EPM (March 2011),
Table 5.1. Direct Use: 1989-1996EIA, Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report."
1997-2009EIA, Electric Power Annual 2009 (January 2011), Table 7.2. 2010Estimate based on
the 2009 value adjusted by the percentage change in commercial and industrial net generation on Table
8.1. Commercial (Old) and Other (Old): 1949-2002See sources for "Residential" and "Industrial."
267
Figure 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

Total, 1960-2010
By Sector, 2010
12
14
Real
Nominal
12
8
Nominal
6
4
8
6.79
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Residential
Industrial
Transportation
15
Commercial
Transportation
8
Other
Industrial
4
2
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Chained (2005) Cents per Kilowatthour
Residential
Cents per Kilowatthour
Commercial
By Sector, Real1 Prices, 1960-2010
10
Commercial
Residential
10
Transportation
Other
0
1960
2010
2
See Nominal Price in Glossary.
268
6.14
0
1965
12
9.90
9.27
By Sector, Nominal Prices, 1960-2010
0
1960
10.26
10
2
0
1960
10.96
10.46
10
Real
11.58
Industrial
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities,
agriculture and irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.
Note: Taxes are included.
Source: Table 8.10.
Table 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, Selected Years, 1960-2010

(Cents per Kilowatthour, Including Taxes)
Commercial 1
Residential
Year
1960
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Nominal 5
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3.1
3.5
3.7
4.1
4.3
4.6
5.4
6.2
6.9
7.2
7.15
7.39
7.42
7.45
7.48
7.65
7.83
8.04
8.21
8.32
8.38
8.40
8.36
8.43
8.26
8.16
8.24
8.58
8.44
8.72
8.95
9.45
10.40
10.65
11.26
R11.51
11.58
Real 6
14.0
12.1
11.2
10.9
10.5
9.5
9.1
9.0
9.0
8.9
10.1
10.4
10.4
10.9
10.6
10.5
11.3
11.9
12.5
12.5
11.96
12.00
11.79
11.50
11.17
11.00
10.84
10.75
10.73
10.64
10.49
10.30
10.06
9.97
9.66
9.40
9.30
9.46
9.16
9.27
9.25
9.45
10.07
R10.02
R10.37
R10.50
10.46
Industrial 2
Transportation 3
Other 4
Total
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
Nominal 5
Real 6
2.4
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.0
3.5
3.7
4.1
4.4
4.7
5.5
6.3
6.9
7.0
7.13
7.27
7.20
7.08
7.04
7.20
7.34
7.53
7.66
7.74
7.73
7.69
7.64
7.59
7.41
7.26
7.43
7.92
7.89
8.03
8.17
8.67
9.46
9.65
10.36
R10.17
10.26
12.9
11.0
10.3
10.0
9.5
9.1
8.6
8.6
8.6
8.5
9.8
10.4
10.4
10.9
10.9
10.7
11.5
12.1
12.5
12.2
11.93
11.81
11.44
10.93
10.51
10.36
10.17
10.07
10.01
9.89
9.68
9.43
9.20
8.98
8.67
8.37
8.38
8.74
8.57
8.53
8.44
8.67
9.16
R9.08
R9.54
R9.28
9.27
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.7
2.1
2.2
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.7
4.3
5.0
5.0
4.83
4.97
4.93
4.77
4.70
4.72
4.74
4.83
4.83
4.85
4.77
4.66
4.60
4.53
4.48
4.43
4.64
5.05
4.88
5.11
5.25
5.73
6.16
6.39
6.83
R6.81
6.79
5.9
5.0
4.9
4.7
4.5
4.3
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.6
5.5
6.3
6.2
6.6
6.9
7.1
7.8
8.2
9.0
8.7
8.08
8.07
7.83
7.37
7.02
6.79
6.57
6.46
6.31
6.20
5.97
5.72
5.54
5.36
5.24
5.11
5.23
5.57
5.30
5.43
5.43
5.73
5.97
R6.01
R6.29
R6.21
6.14
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.54
7.18
8.57
9.54
9.70
10.74
R10.65
10.96
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.01
7.42
8.57
9.24
9.13
R9.89
R9.72
9.90
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.8
3.1
3.3
3.5
3.6
4.0
4.8
5.3
5.9
6.4
5.90
6.09
6.11
6.21
6.20
6.25
6.40
6.51
6.74
6.88
6.84
6.88
6.91
6.91
6.63
6.35
6.56
7.20
6.75
10.2
9.0
8.8
8.5
8.2
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.5
7.5
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.3
8.9
9.1
10.1
10.2
10.7
11.1
9.87
9.89
9.71
9.59
9.26
8.99
8.86
8.71
8.81
8.80
8.56
8.44
8.32
8.17
7.75
7.32
7.40
7.94
7.33
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.5
2.9
3.1
3.4
3.7
4.0
4.7
5.5
6.1
6.3
6.25
6.44
6.44
6.37
6.35
6.45
6.57
6.75
6.82
6.93
6.91
6.89
6.86
6.85
6.74
6.64
6.81
7.29
7.20
7.44
7.61
8.14
8.90
9.13
9.74
R9.82
9.88
9.7
8.5
8.3
8.1
7.3
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.1
8.2
8.6
8.7
9.0
9.2
9.1
9.8
10.5
11.0
10.9
10.46
10.46
10.23
9.84
9.48
9.28
9.10
9.03
8.91
8.86
8.65
8.45
8.26
8.10
7.88
7.65
7.68
8.04
7.82
7.91
7.86
8.14
8.62
R8.59
R8.97
R8.96
8.93
1 Commercial sector.
For 1960-2002, prices exclude public street and highway lighting,
interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities.
2 Industrial sector. For 1960-2002, prices exclude agriculture and irrigation.
3 Transportation sector, including railroads and railways.
4 Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agriculture
and irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.
5 See "Nominal Price" in Glossary.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
Notes: Beginning in 2003, the category "Other" has been replaced by "Transportation," and the
categories "Commercial" and "Industrial" have been redefined. Data represent revenue from electricity
retail sales divided by electricity retail sales. Prices include State and local taxes, energy or demand
charges, customer service charges, environmental surcharges, franchise fees, fuel adjustments, and other
miscellaneous charges applied to end-use customers during normal billing operations. Prices do not include
deferred charges, credits, or other adjustments, such as fuel or revenue from purchased power, from
previous reporting periods. Through 1979, data are for Classes A and B privately owned electric utilities
only. (Class A utilities are those with operating revenues of $2.5 million or more; Class B utilities are those
with between $1 million and $2.5 million.) For 1980-1982, data are for selected Class A utilities whose
electric operating revenues were $100 million or more during the previous year. For 1983, data are for a
selected sample of electric utilities. Beginning in 1984, data are for a census of electric utilities. Beginning
in 1996, data also include energy service providers selling to retail customers.
Sources: 1960-September 1977Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of
Electric Operating Revenues and Income." October 1977-February 1980Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income."
March 1980-1982FERC, Form FERC-5, "Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement."

1983U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-826, "Electric Utility Company Monthly
Statement." 1984-1995EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Utility Report." 1996 forwardEIA,
Electric Power Monthly (March 2011), Table 5.3.
269
Figure 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors)

Total, 1949-2010
By Major Category, 2010
1,200
900
784
800
Total
600
Fossil Fuels
Million Kilowatts
Million Kilowatts
1,000
400
200
600
300
Renewable
Energy
131
101
22
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Fossil
Fuels
Renewable
Energy
Nuclear
Electric Power
Hydroelectric
Pumped Storage
By Source, 2010
500
400
406
Million Kilowatts
319
300
200
101
100
101
57
38
7
Wood
Waste
Geothermal
Solar/PV
Other
0
Natural Gas
Coal
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Power
Petroleum
Conventional and pumped storage.

Blast furnace gas, propane gas, other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil
fuels, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous
technologies.
Wind
Source: Table 8.11a.
270
Figure 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector

Total (All Sectors) and Sectors, 1989-2010
Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2010

1,250
1,200
1,000
Total (All Sectors)
Million Kilowatts
Million Kilowatts
900
600
300
750
500
250
Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants
Commercial and Industrial
1990
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Commercial Sector, 2010
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Industrial Sector, 2010
1.6
16
14.7
1.2
12
Million Kilowatts
Million Kilowatts
1.2
0.8
0.5
8
5.0
0.4
0.4
4.0
0.3
1.8
0.7
(s)
0.0
0.1
Hydroelectric
Power
Waste
0
Natural
Gas
Waste
Coal
Petroleum
Other
1
Conventional hydroelectric power, solar/PV, wood, wind, blast furnace gas, propane gas,
and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
2
fossil fuels
3
Natural
Gas
Wood
Coal
Other
Gases
Petroleum
0.8
0.3
Other
4
Solar/PV, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.
(s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.
Sources: Tables 8.11a-8.11d.
271
Table 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Sum of Tables 8.11b and 8.11d; Million Kilowatts)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal 1
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198912
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
303.1
307.4
307.4
309.4
310.1
311.4
311.4
313.4
313.6
315.8
315.5
315.1
314.2
315.4
313.0
313.0
313.4
313.0
312.7
313.3
R314.3
319.4
Petroleum 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
79.1
77.9
74.2
73.1
71.1
71.7
66.6
72.5
72.5
66.3
60.1
61.8
66.2
59.7
60.7
59.1
58.5
58.1
56.1
57.4
R56.8
56.7
Renewable Energy
Natural
Gas 3
Other
Gases 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
135.7
140.8
147.6
152.2
158.6
164.8
174.5
174.1
176.5
180.3
195.1
219.6
252.8
312.5
355.4
371.0
383.1
388.3
392.9
R397.5
R401.3
406.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.1
1.9
2.1
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.9
2.3
1.7
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.0
R1.9
2.0
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage
44.9
50.0
86.8
130.8
182.9
265.4
375.1
394.8
410.4
420.8
432.1
444.1
458.9
469.6
472.8
478.6
485.0
488.3
488.8
490.6
519.4
527.8
531.4
536.7
541.8
550.0
554.2
561.7
564.1
563.9
572.6
598.9
634.9
689.5
731.2
745.4
757.1
761.6
764.0
770.2
R774.3
784.2
0.0
.0
.0
.4
.8
7.0
37.3
43.8
46.3
50.8
49.7
51.8
56.0
60.0
63.0
69.7
79.4
85.2
93.6
94.7
98.2
99.6
99.6
99.0
99.0
99.1
99.5
100.8
99.7
97.1
97.4
97.9
98.2
98.7
99.2
99.6
100.0
100.3
100.3
100.8
R101.0
101.0
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
18.1
19.5
18.4
21.2
21.1
21.2
21.4
21.1
19.3
19.5
19.6
19.5
19.7
20.4
20.5
20.8
21.3
21.5
21.9
21.9
R22.2
22.5
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 5
18.5
19.2
27.4
35.8
51.0
63.8
78.4
78.0
78.6
79.9
82.9
81.7
82.4
83.0
83.9
85.3
88.9
89.3
89.7
90.3
74.1
73.9
76.0
74.8
77.4
78.0
78.6
76.4
79.4
79.2
79.4
79.4
78.9
79.4
78.7
77.6
77.5
77.8
77.9
77.9
R78.5
78.5
other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.
10 Included in "Wood."
2
3
272
Biomass
Wood 6
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
5.2
5.5
6.1
6.2
6.5
6.7
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.8
6.8
6.1
5.9
5.8
5.9
6.2
6.2
6.4
6.7
6.9
6.9
7.0
Waste 7
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
.2
.2
.2
.2
2.1
2.5
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.5
3.6
3.7
4.1
4.2
R4.3
4.4
Geothermal
Solar/PV 8
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
.1
.5
.5
.5
.5
.7
.9
.9
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.7
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.2
R2.2
2.4
2.4
11
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
( 11 )
( 11 )
( 11 )
( 11 )
( 11 )
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
.5
.6
.9
Wind
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.5
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.7
2.3
2.4
3.9
4.4
6.0
6.5
8.7
11.3
16.5
24.7
R34.3
37.6
Total
18.5
19.2
27.4
35.9
51.1
63.9
79.0
78.6
79.2
80.5
83.6
82.7
83.4
84.1
85.3
86.9
90.8
91.2
91.7
92.4
85.7
86.8
89.9
89.1
92.1
93.1
93.9
91.7
94.8
94.6
95.3
94.9
95.0
96.1
96.8
96.4
98.7
101.9
108.0
116.4
R127.1
130.7
Other 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.8
.8
1.0
.5
.5
.7
.7
.7
.9
.9
.8
.9
.9
.8
Total
63.4
69.2
114.2
167.1
234.8
336.4
491.3
517.2
535.9
552.1
565.5
578.6
598.3
613.7
621.1
635.1
655.2
664.8
674.1
677.7
721.8
734.1
739.9
746.5
754.6
764.0
769.5
775.9
778.6
775.9
785.9
811.7
848.3
905.3
948.4
962.9
978.0
986.2
994.9
1,010.2
R1,025.4
1,039.2
Included in "Wind."
Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.
Notes: Data are at end of year. For plants that use multiple sources of energy, capacity is assigned
to the energy source reported as the predominant one. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at
end of section. See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of
Sources: Tables 8.11b and 8.11d.
12
Table 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal 1
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198912
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
298.0
302.3
302.5
304.3
305.0
306.1
306.0
308.1
308.5
310.9
310.7
310.2
309.8
311.0
308.5
308.8
309.0
309.2
309.1
309.6
R310.5
314.9
Petroleum 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
78.1
76.8
73.0
71.8
69.9
70.5
65.4
71.3
71.0
65.0
58.6
60.7
64.7
58.6
59.6
58.0
57.4
56.8
54.8
56.4
R55.7
55.6
Renewable Energy
Natural
Gas 3
Other
Gases 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
125.4
129.9
137.1
141.0
146.9
152.5
161.9
161.4
163.4
167.1
181.1
204.7
236.8
296.6
339.1
355.2
367.5
372.0
377.1
381.8
R385.5
390.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.4
.4
.7
.7
.7
.7
.3
.1
.2
.1
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.3
.4
.5
.2
.2
.2
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
44.9
50.0
86.8
130.8
182.9
265.4
375.1
394.8
410.4
420.8
432.1
444.1
458.9
469.6
472.8
478.6
485.0
488.3
488.8
490.6
501.9
509.3
513.3
517.9
522.5
529.8
533.7
540.9
543.1
543.0
550.7
575.9
611.6
666.5
707.6
722.4
734.3
738.4
741.5
748.1
R751.9
761.0
0.0
.0
.0
.4
.8
7.0
37.3
43.8
46.3
50.8
49.7
51.8
56.0
60.0
63.0
69.7
79.4
85.2
93.6
94.7
98.2
99.6
99.6
99.0
99.0
99.1
99.5
100.8
99.7
97.1
97.4
97.9
98.2
98.7
99.2
99.6
100.0
100.3
100.3
100.8
R101.0
101.0
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
18.1
19.5
18.4
21.2
21.1
21.2
21.4
21.1
19.3
19.5
19.6
19.5
19.7
20.4
20.5
20.8
21.3
21.5
21.9
21.9
R22.2
22.5
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power 5
18.5
19.2
27.4
35.8
51.0
63.8
78.4
78.0
78.6
79.9
82.9
81.7
82.4
83.0
83.9
85.3
88.9
89.3
89.7
90.3
73.6
73.3
75.4
74.2
76.8
76.9
77.4
75.3
78.3
78.0
78.3
78.2
77.9
78.3
77.9
77.0
76.9
77.1
77.5
77.6
R78.2
78.2
10 Included in "Wood."
11 Included in "Wind."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million
2
3
Biomass
Wood 6
Waste 7
Geothermal
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.9
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
.2
.2
.2
.2
1.7
2.1
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.7
3.0
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.5
3.6
R3.7
3.8
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
.1
.5
.5
.5
.5
.7
.9
.9
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.7
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.2
R2.2
2.4
2.4
Solar/PV 8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
( 11 )
( 11 )
( 11 )
( 11 )
( 11 )
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
.5
.6
.9
Wind
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.5
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.7
2.3
2.4
3.9
4.4
6.0
6.5
8.7
11.3
16.5
24.7
R34.3
37.6
Total
18.5
19.2
27.4
35.9
51.1
63.9
79.0
78.6
79.2
80.5
83.6
82.7
83.4
84.1
85.3
86.9
90.8
91.2
91.7
92.4
80.7
81.4
84.0
83.1
85.9
86.4
87.3
84.9
87.8
87.8
88.6
88.8
89.2
90.2
91.3
90.6
92.9
95.9
102.0
110.5
R121.1
124.7
Other 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.2
.2
.2
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(s)
Total
63.4
69.2
114.2
167.1
234.8
336.4
491.3
517.2
535.9
552.1
565.5
578.6
598.3
613.7
621.1
635.1
655.2
664.8
674.1
677.7
698.8
709.9
715.3
721.2
728.6
736.5
741.8
747.7
750.1
747.6
756.5
782.1
818.8
875.8
918.6
933.4
948.6
956.2
965.7
981.3
R996.2
1,009.2
kilowatts.
to the energy source reported as the predominant one. The electric power sector comprises
electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary
business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. See Table 8.11d for commercial and
industrial CHP and electricity-only data. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. See "Generator Net Summer
Capacity" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: 1949-1984U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. 1985-1988EIA,
Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report." 1989-1997EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric
Generator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1998-2000EIA,
Form EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator ReportUtility," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility." 2001 forwardEIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report."
273
Table 8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, Selected Years, 1989-2010
(Breakout of Table 8.11b; Million Kilowatts)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal 1
Petroleum 2
Natural
Gas 3
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storage
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power
Biomass
Wood 5
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
296.5
299.9
301.3
303.1
303.6
305.9
305.5
305.2
305.2
305.8
303.0
303.2
303.4
303.4
303.2
303.7
R304.5
309.0
78.0
76.6
64.7
70.6
70.2
64.2
57.5
59.8
63.8
57.5
58.6
57.3
56.9
55.8
53.9
55.5
R54.8
54.7
119.3
121.8
145.3
143.1
144.7
147.5
161.7
184.0
215.5
268.1
304.2
322.6
335.8
341.9
347.6
R352.3
R356.6
361.2
0.4
.4
.3
.1
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(s)
.1
.1
(s)
(s)
494.2
498.6
511.5
516.9
518.7
517.5
525.0
549.0
584.5
631.5
665.9
683.2
696.2
701.2
704.9
R711.5
R716.0
724.9
98.2
99.6
99.5
100.8
99.7
97.1
97.4
97.9
98.2
98.7
99.2
99.6
100.0
100.3
100.3
100.8
R101.0
101.0
18.1
19.5
21.4
21.1
19.3
19.5
19.6
19.5
19.7
20.4
20.5
20.8
21.3
21.5
21.9
21.9
R22.2
22.5
73.6
73.3
77.4
75.3
78.3
78.0
78.3
78.2
77.9
78.3
77.9
77.0
76.9
77.1
77.5
77.6
R78.2
78.2
Waste 6
Geothermal
1.5
1.9
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.6
2.6
2.7
3.1
3.2
R3.2
3.3
2.6
2.7
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.2
R2.2
2.4
2.4
0.2
.2
.2
.3
.4
.4
.4
.5
.4
.4
.5
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
.5
.5
Solar/PV 7
Other 8
Wind
Total
Total
1.5
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.7
2.3
2.4
3.9
4.4
6.0
6.5
8.7
11.3
16.5
24.7
R34.3
37.6
80.3
80.9
86.6
84.2
87.1
87.0
87.8
88.1
88.7
89.7
90.6
90.0
92.3
95.3
101.3
109.8
R120.3
124.0
(s)
.2
.2
.2
(s)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(s)
690.7
698.6
719.1
723.0
725.0
721.4
730.0
754.5
791.1
840.3
876.3
893.7
909.8
918.4
928.5
944.0
R959.5
972.4
0.4
.5
.6
.6
.7
.7
.7
.7
.5
.6
.7
.6
.6
.6
.7
.7
.7
.8
(s)
8.1
11.2
22.7
24.6
25.1
26.2
26.5
27.7
27.6
35.5
42.3
39.7
38.7
37.8
37.3
37.3
R36.7
36.8
0.9
1.0
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.6
R1.7
1.7
0.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
.5
.6
.9
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
1.5
2.4
4.8
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.2
5.0
4.6
5.2
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.8
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.9
0.2
.2
.8
.7
.8
.8
1.1
.9
1.0
1.1
1.1
.7
.5
1.0
.9
.9
.9
.9
6.1
8.1
16.6
18.4
18.7
19.6
19.4
20.7
21.2
28.5
34.9
32.6
31.7
30.0
29.5
29.6
R28.9
29.1
(s)
.3
.3
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
7.7
10.7
22.1
24.0
24.4
25.5
25.7
26.9
27.1
34.9
41.7
39.2
38.1
37.2
36.6
36.6
R35.9
36.1
2
3
274
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0.2
.2
.4
.3
.3
.4
.4
.2
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.
to the energy source reported as the predominant one. See Table 8.11d for commercial and industrial
CHP and electricity-only data. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification
of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in
Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: 1989-1997U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric
Generator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1998-2000EIA,
Form EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator ReportUtility," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility." 2001 forwardEIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report."
Table 8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, Selected Years, 1989-2010
(Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
Petroleum
Natural
Gas 3
Renewable Energy
Other
Gases 4
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydro
electric
Pumped
Storage
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power
Biomass
Wood 5
Commercial Sector
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
0.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
0.2
.2
.2
.3
.4
.3
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
R.3
.3
0.6
.7
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.9
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.0
1.2
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.5
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
Waste 6
Geothermal
0.2
.2
.3
.4
.4
.5
.5
.4
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
R.5
.5
0.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
Solar/PV 7
Other 8
Wind
Total
(s)
(s)
(s)
R (s)
(s)
0.2
.2
.3
.5
.5
.5
.5
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.2
1.4
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.9
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
R2.4
2.5
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4.8
5.1
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.3
6.2
5.7
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.4
5.4
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.5
0.5
.5
.5
.5
.6
.6
.8
.5
.4
.6
.6
.7
.8
.8
.7
.9
R.8
.8
21.8
22.9
25.5
25.9
26.2
26.0
27.1
27.3
26.6
27.3
27.7
27.4
27.2
27.8
26.8
26.6
R26.8
27.5
Total
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1989
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
4.8
4.8
5.0
5.0
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.6
4.2
4.0
4.1
3.8
4.0
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.4
4.0
0.7
.9
1.0
.9
1.1
1.0
1.1
.8
1.1
.7
.7
.8
.8
1.0
.9
.7
.7
.7
9.7
10.3
11.3
11.5
11.9
12.0
12.9
13.7
14.1
14.7
15.3
14.8
14.5
15.3
14.7
14.6
14.7
14.7
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.5
1.7
2.0
1.3
1.8
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.8
R1.7
1.8
16.5
17.3
18.7
19.0
19.2
19.1
20.1
21.2
20.7
21.2
21.9
21.3
21.0
21.4
20.6
20.3
R20.5
21.2
10 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
2
3
0.5
.6
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
.8
.6
.7
.7
.3
.3
.3
.3
4.1
4.3
4.9
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.0
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
4.7
5.0
5.0
R5.0
5.0
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.
to the energy source reported as the predominant one. See Tables 8.11b and 8.11c for electric power
sector electricity-only and CHP data. See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2,
"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. See "Generator Net Summer
Capacity" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

ReportNonutility." 2001 forwardEIA, Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report."
275
Figure 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin

U.S. Peak Load, 1986-2010
Capacity Margin, 1996-2010
900
40
35
Summer
Winter
600
Gigawatts
30
Percent
Winter
300
25
20
Summer
15
0
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
U.S. Peak Load by NERC Region, 2010
10
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
North American Electric Reliability Corporation Map
250
Summer
Winter
201
200
184
Gigawatts
178
150
143
137
109
100
64
50
60
44
46
46
42
46
43
36
31
0
TRE
FRCC
MRO
NPCC
(U.S.)
(U.S.)
RFC
SERC
SPP
WECC
(U.S.)
Notes: Values for 2010 are forecast. Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more
peak loads on individual systems that do not occur at the same time interval. See Glossary for
information on North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC).
276
Sources: Data: Table 8.12. Map: North American Electric Reliability Corporation.
2010
Table 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, Selected Years, 1986-2010
(Megawatts, Except as Noted)
Noncoincident Peak Load 1
North American Electric Reliability Corporation Regions 2
Year
ECAR 3
TRE 4
FRCC
MAAC 3
MAIN 3
MRO 5
(U.S.)
NPCC
(U.S.)
RFC 6
SERC
SPP
WECC 7
(U.S.)
Contiguous
United
States
ASCC
(Alaska)
Hawaii
U.S.
Total
Capacity
Margin 8
(percent)
Summer 9
1986
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010F
69,606
79,258
81,224
78,550
80,930
87,165
92,619
90,798
93,492
93,784
99,239
92,033
100,235
102,996
98,487
95,300
39,335
42,737
41,870
42,619
44,255
44,162
46,618
47,480
50,541
54,666
55,529
57,606
55,201
56,248
59,996
58,531
60,210
62,339
62,188
62,174
R63,518
63,810
35,375
38,730
37,493
37,194
39,062
40,696
40,475
42,383
46,396
45,751
46,676
44,836
R46,550
46,006
37,564
42,613
45,937
43,658
46,494
46,019
48,577
44,302
49,464
48,445
51,645
49,477
54,015
55,569
53,566
52,049
35,943
40,740
41,598
38,819
41,956
42,562
45,782
46,402
45,887
47,509
51,535
52,552
56,344
56,396
56,988
53,439
21,029
24,994
25,498
22,638
24,396
27,000
29,192
28,253
29,787
30,722
31,903
28,605
28,321
29,119
28,831
29,351
39,918
42,194
41,684
39,677
R37,963
42,240
39,026
44,116
46,594
43,658
46,706
47,581
47,705
45,094
49,269
49,566
52,855
50,057
55,949
56,012
55,018
52,549
58,960
63,241
58,314
58,543
R55,944
60,215
190,200
191,920
181,700
169,155
R161,241
177,688
105,570
121,943
124,716
128,236
135,704
132,584
146,569
145,650
137,382
143,226
149,685
156,088
149,293
158,767
153,110
157,615
190,705
199,052
209,109
199,779
R191,032
201,350
47,123
52,541
51,885
51,324
57,106
56,035
59,595
60,072
36,479
37,724
38,609
40,199
40,273
39,688
40,367
40,106
41,727
42,882
43,167
43,476
R41,465
43,395
81,787
97,389
92,096
99,205
97,809
102,212
103,592
108,739
110,001
115,921
113,629
114,602
109,119
119,074
122,537
123,136
130,760
142,096
139,389
134,829
R128,245
137,385
476,983
546,331
551,418
548,707
575,356
585,320
620,249
616,790
637,677
660,293
682,122
678,413
687,812
714,565
709,375
704,459
758,876
789,475
782,227
752,470
R725,958
772,089
463
471
504
511
524
622
476,983
546,794
551,889
549,211
575,867
585,844
620,871
616,790
637,677
660,293
682,122
678,413
687,812
714,565
709,375
704,459
758,876
789,475
782,227
752,470
R725,958
772,089
NA
21.6
20.9
20.5
19.9
18.7
18.9
17.5
16.2
14.3
14.6
15.7
14.5
16.4
18.6
20.9
15.4
12.9
16.1
18.2
R22.2
20.9
33,877
38,949
38,759
39,912
41,644
42,505
44,624
49,095
27,437
27,847
27,963
30,576
29,614
30,187
28,450
29,490
31,260
30,792
31,322
32,809
R32,863
31,415
76,171
94,252
86,097
91,686
88,811
91,037
94,890
95,435
94,158
101,822
99,080
97,324
96,622
95,951
102,020
102,689
107,493
111,093
112,700
113,605
R109,565
108,850
422,857
484,231
485,761
492,983
521,733
518,253
544,684
554,081
529,874
567,558
570,915
588,426
576,312
604,986
593,874
618,701
626,365
640,981
637,905
643,557
R668,818
639,073
613
622
635
632
641
676
422,857
484,844
486,383
493,618
522,365
518,894
545,360
554,081
529,874
567,558
570,915
588,426
576,312
604,986
593,874
618,701
626,365
640,981
637,905
643,557
R668,818
639,073
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
27.7
26.0
25.7
26.7
29.5
28.9
29.4
33.5
31.6
30.2
R30.9
R30.4
31.0
R28.5
34.6
Winter 10
1986
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010F
64,561
67,097
71,181
72,885
81,846
75,638
83,465
84,534
75,670
84,401
86,239
84,546
85,485
87,300
86,332
91,800
28,730
35,815
35,448
35,055
35,407
36,180
36,965
38,868
37,966
41,876
39,164
44,641
44,015
45,414
42,702
44,010
48,141
50,402
50,408
47,806
R56,191
43,823
33,076
39,975
40,178
38,606
40,922
45,635
36,841
44,839
42,657
42,526
41,701
45,275
R53,022
46,235
32,807
36,551
37,983
37,915
41,406
40,653
40,790
40,468
37,217
36,532
40,220
43,256
39,458
46,551
45,625
45,905
28,036
32,461
33,420
31,289
34,966
33,999
35,734
37,162
34,973
37,410
39,081
41,943
40,529
42,412
41,719
42,929
18,850
21,113
21,432
21,866
21,955
23,033
23,429
24,251
25,390
26,080
25,200
24,536
21,815
23,645
24,134
24,526
33,748
34,677
33,191
36,029
R35,351
35,722
37,976
40,545
41,866
41,125
42,063
42,547
42,755
41,208
41,338
44,199
45,227
43,852
42,670
46,009
48,079
48,176
46,828
46,697
46,795
46,043
R44,864
46,374
151,600
149,631
141,900
142,395
R143,827
143,040
1 Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more peak loads on individual systems that do not occur
at the same time interval.
2 See "North American Electric Reliablility Corporation (NERC)" in Glossary. Data include the U.S.
portion of NERC only. See Figure 8.12 for an illustration of NERC regions.
3 ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN dissolved at the end of 2005. Utility members joined other reliability regional
councils.
4 TRE was renamed from ERCOT in 2007.
5 MRO was renamed from MAPP in 2004.
6 ReliabilityFirst Corporation (RFC) came into existence on January 1, 2006. Many of the former utility
members of ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN joined RFC.
7 WECC was renamed from WSCC in 2002.
8 The percent by which planned generating capacity resources are expected to be greater (or less) than
101,849
117,448
119,575
121,250
133,635
132,661
142,032
143,060
122,649
127,416
128,563
139,146
135,182
141,882
137,972
144,337
164,638
175,163
179,888
179,596
R193,135
183,614
estimated net internal demand at the time of expected peak summer (or winter) demand. Net internal
demand does not include estimated demand for direct control load management and customers with
interruptible service agreements. Data are for the contiguous United States only.
9 The summer peak period is June through September.
10 The winter peak period is December through February of the following year.
R=Revised. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. =Not applicable. =No data reported.
Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electric Power Annual 2009 (January 2011),
Tables 4.1-4.4; and EIA, Form EIA-411, "Coordinated Bulk Power Supply Program Report," and
predecessor forms.
277
Figure 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs

Actual Peakload Reductions Total, 1989-2009
Actual Peakload Reductions, 2009
40
30
25
Gigawatts
25
27 26
23
20
16
12
25
23
26
62
32 32
30
30 30
Energy Efficiency
19,766
19,766 MW
(62%)
27
23 23 24
17
14
Load Management
11,916
38 MW
(38%)
11,916
10
Total: 31,682 Megawatts (MW)

1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Energy Savings, 1989-2009
Electric Utility Costs, 1989-2009
100
4
3.6
3.2
77 78
80
62
57
60
52
45
40
60
56
49 51
54 54 54
55
50
36
25
20 15
2.3
2.5
2.4
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.4 1.4
1.6 1.6 1.6
2.1
1.6
1.3
1.2
0
1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
278
2.7 2.7
1 0.9
20
Billion Dollars
69
64
1989
1991
1993
1995
Source: Table 8.13.
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Table 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2009

Actual Peakload Reductions 1
Energy Efficiency 2
Total
Megawatts
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Load Management 3
NA
NA
NA
7,890
10,368
11,662
13,212
14,243
13,327
13,591
13,452
12,873
13,027
13,420
13,581
14,272
15,351
15,959
17,710
R19,707
19,766
NA
NA
NA
9,314
12,701
13,340
16,347
15,650
11,958
13,640
13,003
10,027
11,928
9,516
9,323
9,260
10,359
11,281
12,543
R12,028
11,916
1 The actual reduction in peak load reflects the change in demand for electricity that results from a utility
demand-side management (DSM) program that is in effect at the time that the utility experiences its actual
peak load as opposed to the potential installed peakload reduction capacity. Differences between actual
and potential peak reduction result from changes in weather, economic activity, and other variable
conditions.
2 "Energy Efficiency" refers to programs that are aimed at reducing the energy used by specific end-use
devices and systems, typically without affecting the services provided. These programs reduce overall
electricity consumption, often without explicit consideration for the timing of program-induced savings.
Such savings are generally achieved by substituting technically more advanced equipment to produce the
same level of end-use services (e.g., lighting, heating, motor drive) with less electricity. Examples include
high-efficiency appliances, efficient lighting programs, high-efficiency heating, ventilating, and air
conditioning systems or control modifications, efficient building design, advanced electric motor drives, and
heat recovery systems.
3 "Load Management" includes programs such as "Direct Load Control," "Interruptible Load Control,"
and, "Other Types" of DSM programs. "Direct Load Control" refers to program activities that can interrupt
consumer load at the time of annual peak load by direct control of the utility system operator by interrupting
power supply to individual appliances or equipment on consumer premises. This type of control usually
involves residential consumers. "Interruptible Load Control" refers to program activities that, in accordance
12,463
13,704
15,619
17,204
23,069
25,001
29,561
29,893
25,284
27,231
26,455
22,901
24,955
22,936
22,904
23,532
25,710
27,240
30,253
R31,735
31,682
Energy Savings
Electric Utility Costs
Million Kilowatthours
Thousand Dollars 4
14,672
20,458
24,848
35,563
45,294
52,483
57,421
61,842
56,406
49,167
50,563
53,701
53,936
54,075
50,265
54,710
59,897
63,817
68,992
R76,674
77,907
872,935
1,177,457
1,803,773
2,348,094
2,743,533
2,715,657
2,421,284
1,902,197
1,636,020
1,420,920
1,423,644
1,564,901
1,630,286
1,625,537
1,297,210
1,557,466
1,921,352
2,051,394
2,523,117
R3,175,410
3,593,750
with contractual arrangements, can interrupt consumer load at times of seasonal peak load by direct control
of the utility system operator or by action of the consumer at the direct request of the system operator. It
usually involves commercial and industrial consumers. In some instances, the load reduction may be
affected by direct action of the system operator (remote tripping) after notice to the consumer in accordance
with contractual provisions. "Other Types" are programs that limit or shift peak loads from on-peak to
off-peak time periods, such as space heating and water heating storage systems.
Note: This table reports on the results of DSM programs operated by electric utilities. The decrease
since 1998 in peakload reductions from DSM programs can be attributed in part to utilities cutting back or
terminating these programs due to industry deregulation. Some State governments have created new
programs to promote DSM. Examples include the "Energy $mart Loan Fund" administered by the New
York Energy Research and Development Authority and the "Efficiency Vermont" program of the Vermont
Public Service Board. Data on energy savings attributable to these non-utility programs are not collected
by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).
Sources: 1989-1997EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Utility Report." 1998 forwardEIA,
Electric Power Annual 2009 (January 2011), Tables 9.1, 9.6, and 9.7.
279
Electricity
Note 1. Coverage of Electricity Statistics. Through 1984, data for electric utilities also include institutions (such as universities) and military facilities that
generated electricity primarily for their own use; beginning in 1985, data for electric utilities exclude institutions and military facilities. Data for independent
power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants include plants with a
generator nameplate capacity of 1 megawatt or greater; they exclude plants with a
generator nameplate capacity less than 1 megawatt. Also excluded from the electricity statistics in Section 8 are data for residential and commercial selfgeneration from solar energy, except for the small amount sold to the grid and
included in data for the electric power sector.
Note 2. Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors. The U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA) classifies power plants (both electricityonly and combined-heat-and-power plants) into energy-use sectors based on the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS), which replaced the Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) system in 1997. Plants with a NAICS code of 22 are
assigned to the Electric Power Sector. Those with NAICS codes beginning with 11
(agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting); 21 (mining, including oil and gas extraction); 23 (construction); 31-33 (manufacturing); 2212 (natural gas distribution); and
22131 (water supply and irrigation systems) are assigned to the Industrial Sector.
Those with all other codes are assigned to the Commercial Sector. Form EIA860, Annual Electric Generator Report, asks respondents to indicate the
primary purpose of the facility by assigning a NAICS code from the list at:
http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/forms/eia860.doc.
Note 3. Electricity Imports and Exports. Through the Annual Energy Review
(AER) 2001, EIA estimated the proportions of traded electricity from fossil fuels
and hydropower (and applied the fossil-fuel steam-electric-plant heat rate to
convert from kilowatthours to Btu) and from geothermal (and applied the heat rate
for geothermal energy plants). Beginning with the AER 2002, because of inadequate data, EIA is applying an overall rate of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour to all
traded electricity. In addition, electricity net imports derived from hydroelectric
power and geothermal energy are no longer included in renewable energy
consumption data. They continue to be included in total U.S. energy consumption
280
as components of electricity net imports, with energy sources unspecified (see

Tables 1.3 and 2.1f). This change between AER 2001 and AER 2002 resulted in a
0.0-to-0.5 quadrillion Btu drop in total renewable energy consumption from 1949
forward.
Table 8.1 Sources: Net Generation, Electric Power Sector: Table 8.2b. Net
Generation, Commercial Sector: Table 8.2d. Net Generation, Industrial
Sector: 1949-September 1977Federal Power Commission (FPC), Form FPC-4,
"Monthly Power Plant Report," for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10
megawatts, and FPC, Form FPC-12C, "Industrial Electric Generating Capacity," for
all other plants. October 1977-1978Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
(FERC), Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant Report," for plants with generating
capacity exceeding 10 megawatts, and FERC, Form FPC-12C, "Industrial Electric
Generating Capacity," for all other plants. 1979FERC, Form FPC-4, "Monthly
Power Plant Report," for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10 megawatts,
and EIA estimates for all other plants. 1980-1988Estimated by U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) as the average generation over the 6-year
period of 1974-1979. 1989 forwardTable 8.2d. Net Generation, Total:
Table 8.2a. Imports and Exports: 1949-September 1977Unpublished FPC
data. October 1977-1980Unpublished Economic Regulatory Administration
(ERA) data. 1981U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy
Emergency Operations, "Report on Electric Energy Exchanges with Canada and
Mexico for Calendar Year 1981," April 1982 (revised June 1982). 1982 and
1983DOE, ERA, Electricity Exchanges Across International Borders. 19841986DOE, ERA, Electricity Transactions Across International Borders.
1987 and 1988DOE, ERA, Form ERA-781R, "Annual Report of International
Electrical Export/Import Data." 1989DOE, Fossil Energy, Form FE-781R,
"Annual Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data." 1990
forwardNational Energy Board of Canada, and DOE, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Form OE-781R, Monthly Electricity Imports and
Exports Report, and predecessor form. For 2001 forward, data from the California
Independent System Operator are used in combination with the Form OE-781
values to estimate electricity trade with Mexico. T & D Losses and Unaccounted
for: Calculated as the sum of total net generation and imports minus total end use
and exports. End Use: Table 8.9.
9. Nuclear Energy
Figure 9.1
Nuclear Generating Units
Operable Units,1 1957-2010
Nuclear Net Summer Capacity Change, 1950-2010

12
120
Number of Units
104 Units
In 2010
60
8
Million Kilowatts
Peak: 112
Units in 1990
90
30
-4
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Status of All Nuclear Generating Units, 2010
Permanent Shutdowns by Year, 1955-2010

4
104
Operable
Units
28
Permanent
Shutdowns
Number
0
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985
Total Units Ordered: 259
1
Units holding full-power operating licenses, or equivalent permission to operate, at the end
of the year.
282
Note: Data are at end of year.

Sources: Tables 9.1 and 8.11a.
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Table 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1955-2010

Original Licensing Regulations (10 CFR Part 50) 1
Current Licensing Regulations (10 CFR Part 52) 1
Construction
Permits
Issued 2,3
Low-Power
Operating Licenses
Issued 3,4
Full-Power
Operating Licenses
Issued 3,5
Early Site
Permits
Issued 3
Combined
License Applications
Received
Combined
Licenses
Issued 3
1
3
1
0
3
7
0
1
1
3
1
5
14
23
7
10
4
8
14
23
9
9
15
13
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
7
3
2
0
1
3
0
4
4
5
6
12
14
3
7
4
3
0
5
3
6
3
7
7
7
6
1
3
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
6
2
3
0
2
3
0
4
3
2
6
15
15
2
7
4
4
0
2
4
4
3
6
9
5
8
2
4
2
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
2
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
1
1
2
0
1
0
1
2
3
1999-2006
104
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
5
11
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
104
104
104
104
Total
177
132
132
17
28
Year
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1 Data in columns 1-3 are based on the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulation 10 CFR
Part 50. Data in columns 4-6 are based on the NRC regulation 10 CFR Part 52. See Note 1, "Pending
Actions on Nuclear Generating Units," at end of section.
2 Issuance by regulatory authority of a permit, or equivalent permission, to begin construction. Under
current licensing regulations, the construction permit is no longer issued separately from the operating
license.
3 Numbers reflect permits or licenses issued in a given year, not extant permits or licenses.
4 Issuance by regulatory authority of license, or equivalent permission, to conduct testing but not to
operate at full power.
5 Issuance by regulatory authority of full-power operating license, or equivalent permission (note that
Permanent
Shutdowns
Operable Units 6
0
0
1
1
2
3
3
9
11
13
13
14
15
13
17
20
22
27
42
55
57
63
67
70
69
71
75
78
81
87
96
101
107
109
111
112
111
109
110
109
109
109
107
104
some units receive full-power licenses the same year they receive low-power licenses). Units initially
undergo low-power testing prior to commercial operation.
6 Total of nuclear generating units holding full-power licenses, or equivalent permission to operate, at
the end of the year (the number of operable units equals the cumulative number of units holding full-power
licenses minus the cumulative number of permanent shutdowns).
=Not applicable.
Note: See Note 2, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at end of section.
283
Figure 9.2
Nuclear Power Plant Operations
Total Electricity and Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1957-2010
Nuclear Share of Total Electricity Net Generation, 1957-2010

25
Total
20
4.120
in
2010
Percent
20%
in
2010
15
10
0.807 in 2010
Nuclear
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1960
2010
Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units, 1957-2010
1970
1980
1990
2000
Capacity Factor, 1973-2010

100
120
101
in
2010
60
Percent
80
90
Million Kilowatts
2010
91%
in
2010
60
40
30
20
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
1975
1980
1985
284
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Table 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2010

Year
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
Nuclear Electricity Net Generation
Nuclear Share of Total Electricity Net Generation
Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units 1
Capacity Factor 2
Percent
Million Kilowatts
Percent
(s)
.2
.2
.5
1.7
2.3
3.2
3.3
3.7
5.5
7.7
12.5
13.9
21.8
38.1
54.1
83.5
114.0
172.5
191.1
250.9
276.4
255.2
251.1
272.7
282.8
293.7
327.6
383.7
414.0
455.3
527.0
529.4
576.9
612.6
618.8
610.3
640.4
673.4
674.7
628.6
673.7
728.3
753.9
768.8
780.1
763.7
788.5
782.0
787.2
806.4
806.2
R798.9
807.0
(s)
(s)
(s)
.1
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.5
.6
.9
1.0
1.4
2.4
3.1
4.5
6.1
9.0
9.4
11.8
12.5
11.3
11.0
11.9
12.6
12.7
13.5
15.5
16.6
17.7
19.5
17.8
19.0
19.9
20.1
19.1
19.7
20.1
19.6
18.0
18.6
19.7
19.8
20.6
20.2
19.7
19.9
19.3
19.4
19.4
19.6
20.2
19.6
0.1
.1
.1
.4
.4
.7
.8
.8
.8
1.7
2.7
2.7
4.4
7.0
9.0
14.5
22.7
31.9
37.3
43.8
46.3
50.8
49.7
51.8
56.0
60.0
63.0
69.7
79.4
85.2
93.6
94.7
98.2
99.6
99.6
99.0
99.0
99.1
99.5
100.8
99.7
97.1
97.4
97.9
98.2
98.7
99.2
99.6
100.0
100.3
100.3
100.8
R101.0
101.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
53.5
47.8
55.9
54.7
63.3
64.5
58.4
56.3
58.2
56.6
54.4
56.3
58.0
56.9
57.4
63.5
62.2
66.0
70.2
70.9
70.5
73.8
77.4
76.2
71.1
78.2
85.3
88.1
89.4
90.3
87.9
90.1
89.3
89.6
91.8
91.1
R90.3
91.2
At end of year. See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary.

2 See "Generator Capacity Factor" in Glossary.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05.
Note: See Note 2, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at end of section.
Sources: Nuclear Electricity Net Generation and Nuclear Share of Electricity Net Generation:
Table 8.2a. Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units: 1949-2009: Table 8.11a. 2010U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), Monthly Energy Review (MER) (April 2011), Table 8.1. Capacity
Factor: EIA, MER (April 2011), Table 8.1. Annual capacity factors are weighted averages of monthly
capacity factors.
285
Figure 9.3
Uranium Overview
Production and Trade, 1949-2010
Production and Trade, 2010
75
60
55
Purchased
Imports
50
Domestic
Concentrate
Production
25
Export
Sales
40
23
20
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Domestic
Concentrate Production
2010
Inventories, End of Year 1981-2010
50
Dollars per Pound Uranium Oxide
150
Total
100
Electric Plants
50
Domestic Suppliers
40
Domestic
Purchases
30
20
Purchased
Imports
10
0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Note: See Uranium Oxide in Glossary.
286
Export Sales
Average Prices, 1981-2010
200
Purchased Imports
2010
1985
1990
Source: Table 9.3.
1995
2000
2005
2010
Table 9.3 Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010

Domestic
Concentrate
Production 1
Purchased
Imports 2
Export 2
Sales
Loaded Into
U.S. Nuclear
Reactors 3
0.36
.92
5.56
35.28
20.88
25.81
23.20
25.49
29.88
36.97
37.47
43.70
38.47
26.87
21.16
14.88
11.31
13.51
12.99
13.13
13.84
8.89
7.95
5.65
3.06
3.35
6.04
6.32
5.64
4.71
4.61
3.96
2.64
2.34
5,E2.00
2.28
2.69
4.11
4.53
3.90
3.71
4.23
4.3
5.5
7.6
36.0
8.0
.0
1.4
3.6
5.6
5.2
3.0
3.6
6.6
17.1
8.2
12.5
11.7
13.5
15.1
15.8
13.1
23.7
16.3
23.3
21.0
36.6
41.3
45.4
43.0
43.7
47.6
44.9
46.7
52.7
53.0
66.1
65.5
64.8
54.1
57.1
58.9
55.3
0.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
4.2
1.0
1.2
4.0
6.8
6.2
5.8
4.4
6.2
3.3
2.2
5.3
1.6
1.0
3.3
2.1
2.0
3.5
2.8
3.0
17.7
9.8
11.5
17.0
15.1
8.5
13.6
11.7
15.4
13.2
13.2
20.5
18.7
14.8
17.2
23.5
23.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
32.6
27.1
24.2
22.5
21.7
18.9
20.8
17.6
18.4
20.5
26.8
23.4
15.5
22.7
22.3
23.7
19.4
21.6
21.4
24.3
27.5
22.7
21.7
28.2
27.3
27.9
18.5
20.4
17.6
16.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
34.6
43.0
45.1
40.4
51.1
46.2
48.2
38.2
58.8
51.5
52.7
57.2
62.3
50.1
58.3
51.7
45.5
51.3
49.4
P 44.3
See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary.

Import quantities through 1970 are reported for fiscal years. Prior to 1968, the Atomic Energy
Commission was the sole purchaser of all imported uranium oxide. Trade data prior to 1982 were for
transactions conducted by uranium suppliers only. For 1982 forward, transactions by uranium buyers
(consumers) have been included. Buyer imports and exports prior to 1982 are believed to be small.
3 Does not include any fuel rods removed from reactors and later reloaded.
5 Value has been rounded to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
2
Inventories
Domestic Suppliers
Electric Plants
Average Price
Total
Purchased Imports
Domestic Purchases
Dollars 4 per Pound Uranium Oxide
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Electric Plant
Purchases From
Domestic Suppliers
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
25.0
23.7
27.0
25.4
19.3
22.2
26.4
20.7
25.2
24.5
21.5
13.7
13.9
40.4
70.7
68.8
56.5
48.1
48.7
39.9
37.5
29.1
29.1
31.2
R 27.0
26.8
P 25.7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
160.2
153.2
144.1
137.8
125.5
115.8
102.7
98.0
92.1
81.2
65.4
58.7
66.1
65.9
65.8
58.3
54.8
55.6
53.5
45.6
57.7
64.7
77.5
81.2
R 83.0
84.8
P 86.5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
159.2
174.8
191.8
185.2
176.9
171.1
163.2
144.8
138.1
129.1
118.7
117.3
105.7
86.9
72.5
80.0
106.2
136.5
127.1
111.3
103.8
102.1
85.5
95.2
93.8
106.6
112.4
R 110.0
111.5
P 112.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
32.90
27.23
26.16
21.86
20.08
20.07
19.14
19.03
16.75
12.55
15.55
11.34
10.53
8.95
10.20
13.15
11.81
11.19
10.55
9.84
9.51
10.05
10.59
12.25
14.83
19.31
34.18
41.30
41.23
47.01
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
34.65
38.37
38.21
32.65
31.43
30.01
27.37
26.15
19.56
15.70
13.66
13.45
13.14
10.30
11.11
13.81
12.87
12.31
11.88
11.45
10.45
10.35
10.84
11.91
13.98
18.54
33.13
43.43
44.53
44.88
Note: See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.

Web Pages: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#nuclear.
For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/.
Sources: 1949-1966U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction Office, Statistical Data of the
Uranium Industry, Report No. GJO-100, annual reports. 1967-2002U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Uranium Industry Annual, annual reports. 2003-2005EIA, "Uranium Marketing
Annual Report," annual reports. 2006 forwardEIA, "2010 Domestic Uranium Production Report" (June
2011), Table 3; EIA, "2010 Uranium Marketing Annual Report" (May 2011), Tables 5, 18, 19, 21, and 22;
and EIA, Form EIA-858, "Uranium Marketing Annual Survey.
287
Nuclear Energy
Note 1. Pending Actions on Nuclear Generating Units. Much of Table 9.1 is
based on the U.S Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulation 10 CFR Part
50, which has in most instances been supplanted by 10 CFR Part 52 following the
passage of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 and procedural reforms initiated in 1989
by the NRC. (This statement applies to permit and license procedures only.)
The NRC did not issue any Early Site Permits (ESP) during 2010. Two new
ESP applications were received in 2010; one to Victoria County Station and the
other to PSEG Site.
As of December 31, 2010, the NRC has 14 Combined License (COL) applications under review for: Bell Bend (Pennsylvania); Bellefonte 3 and 4 (Alabama);
Calvert Cliffs 3 (Maryland); Comanche Peak 3 and 4 (Texas); Fermi 3 (Michigan); Levy County 1 and 2 (Florida); Nine Mile Point 3 (New York); North
Anna 3 (Virginia); Shearon Harris 2 and 3 (North Carolina); South Texas 3 and
4 (Texas); Turkey Point 6 and 7 (Florida); Virgil C. Summer 2 and 3 (South
Carolina); Vogtle 3 and 4 (Georgia); and William States Lee III 1 and 2 (South
Carolina). As of that date, the Turkey Point COL application (submitted in June
2009) was the last such application received by the NRC. At the request of the
applicants, review has been suspended for Callaway 2 (Missouri), Grand Gulf 3
(Mississippi), and River Bend 2 (Louisiana). The Victoria County 1 and 2 COL
application was withdrawn following the announcement that the applicant
intends to apply instead for an ESP with the reactor choice unspecified. In addition to the COL applications currently under review, Watts Bar 2 is currently
under construction. Watts Bar 2 was issued a construction permit in 1973, and
the U.S. Energy Information Administration projects that the unit will be
brought on line in 2013. This is the only reactor that is anticipated to apply for
the license separate of construction permit. TVA has also requested that Bellefonte 1 and 2, two partially completed units, be moved to deferred plan status as
the Agency considers completing one or both.
As of December 31, 2010, 12 applications for license extensions were under
review by the NRC. The NRC granted 20-year license extensions in 2010 to: Cooper
Nuclear Station on November 29 and Duane Arnold Energy Center on December 16.
For more information on nuclear reactors, see http://www.nrc.gov/reactors.html.
Note 2. Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics. In 1997, the U.S. Energy Information Administration undertook a major revision of Table 9.1 to more fully
describe the history of the U.S. commercial nuclear power industry. The time frame
was extended back to the birth of the industry in 1953 and the data categories were
revised for greater relevance to current industry conditions and trends. To acquire
the data for the revised categories, it was necessary to develop a reactor unit
database employing different sources than those used previously for Table 9.1 and
still used for Table 9.2.
288
The data in Table 9.1 apply to commercial nuclear power units, meaning that
the units contributed power to the commercial electricity grid. A total of 259 units
have been ordered over the lifetime of the nuclear industry. Although most orders
were placed by electric utilities, several units were ordered, owned, and operated
wholly or in part by the Federal Government, including BONUS (Boiling Nuclear
Superheater Power Station), Elk River, Experimental Breeder Reactor 2, Hallam,
Hanford N, Piqua, and Shippingport.
A reactor is generally defined as operable in Table 9.1 if it possesses a fullpower license, or an equivalent, from the NRC or its predecessor, the Atomic
Energy Commission, at the end of the year. The definition is liberal in that it does
not exclude units retaining full-power licenses during long, non-routine shutdowns.
For example:
In 1985, the five Tennessee Valley Authority units (Browns Ferry 1, 2,

and 3 and Sequoyah 1 and 2) were shut down under a regulatory forced
outage. Browns Ferry 1 was authorized by the NRC to restart in 2007,
while the other units restarted in 1991, 1995, 1988, and 1988, respectively.
All five units were counted as operable during the shutdowns.
Shippingport was shut down from 1974 through 1976 for conversion to a
lightwater breeder reactor, but is counted as operable until its retirement in
1982.
Calvert Cliffs 2 was shut down in 1989 and 1990 for replacement of
pressurizer heater sleeves but is counted as operable during those years.
Exceptions to the rule are Shoreham and Three Mile Island 2. Shoreham was
granted a full-power license in April 1989, but was shut down two months later
and never restarted. In 1991, the license was changed to Possession Only.
Although not operable at the end of the year, Shoreham is treated as operable
during 1989 and shut down in 1990, because counting it as operable and shut
down in the same year would introduce a statistical discrepancy in the tallies. A
major accident closed Three Mile Island 2 in 1979, and although the unit
retained its full-power license for several years, it is considered permanently
shut down since that year.
Table 9.1 Sources: Operable Units: 1955-1982Compiled from various
sources, primarily U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Nuclear Reactor
Programs, "U.S. Central Station Nuclear Electric Generating Units: Significant
Milestones." 1983 forwardU.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report," and predecessor forms. All Other
Data: 1955-1997U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1973 Annual Report to
Congress, Volume 2, Regulatory Activities; Nuclear Energy Institute, Historical
Profile of U.S. Nuclear Power Development (1988); EIA, Commercial Nuclear
Power 1991 (September 1991); DOE, Nuclear Reactors Built, Being Built, and
Planned: 1995; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Information Digest
(1997 and 1998) and "Plant Status Report"; and various utility, Federal, and
contractor officials. 1998 forwardNRC, Information Digest, annual reports.
Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Source

Renewable Energy as Share of Total Primary Energy Consumption, 2010
Renewable Energy Total Consumption and Major Sources, 1949-2010

10
Solar/PV 1%
Geothermal 3%
8
Quadrillion Btu
Waste1 6%
Wind 11%
Nuclear Electric
Power
Total
Hydroelectric
Power3
Biofuels 23%
Wood
9%
Wind
Coal
21%
Biofuels2
0
1950
Natural Gas
25%
8%
Renewable
Energy
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Wood 25%
Renewable Energy Consumption by Source, 2010

3
Petroleum
37%
Quadrillion Btu
2.5
Hydroelectric
Power
31%
2.0
1.9
0.9
0.5
0.2
0.1
0
Hydroelectric
Power3
1
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
2
Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption, plus losses and co-products
from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
290
Wood

Biofuels
Wind
Waste
Geothermal
Solar/PV
Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Primary Energy Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Trillion Btu)
Production 1
Biomass
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
Biofuels
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
13
34
63
77
93
107
123
124
125
111
128
145
169
188
198
141
186
202
211
233
254
308
402
487
564
720
978
1,387
R1,583
1,870
Total
1,549
1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,431
1,499
1,713
1,838
2,038
2,152
2,476
2,596
2,663
2,904
2,971
3,016
2,932
2,875
3,016
3,159
2,735
2,782
2,932
2,908
3,028
3,099
3,155
3,108
2,929
2,965
3,006
2,624
2,705
2,805
2,998
3,104
3,226
3,489
3,867
R3,915
4,310
Consumption
Total
Renewable
Energy 4
Hydroelectric
Power 5
Geothermal 6
Biomass
2,974
2,978
2,784
R2,928
R3,396
R4,070
R4,687
R4,727
R4,209
R5,005
R5,123
R5,428
R5,414
R5,980
R6,496
R6,438
R6,084
R6,111
R5,622
R5,457
R6,235
R6,041
R6,069
R5,821
R6,083
R5,988
R6,558
R7,012
R7,018
R6,494
R6,517
R6,104
R5,164
R5,734
R5,982
R6,070
R6,229
R6,608
R6,537
R7,205
R7,603
8,064
1,425
1,415
1,360
1,608
2,059
2,634
3,155
2,976
2,333
2,937
2,931
2,900
2,758
3,266
3,527
3,386
2,970
3,071
2,635
2,334
2,837
3,046
3,016
2,617
2,892
2,683
3,205
3,590
3,640
3,297
3,268
2,811
2,242
2,689
2,825
2,690
2,703
2,869
2,446
2,511
R2,669
2,509
NA
NA
NA
R(s)
R2
R6
R34
R38
R37
R31
R40
R53
R59
R51
R64
R81
R97
R108
R112
R106
R162
R171
R178
R179
R186
R173
R152
R163
R167
R168
R171
R164
R164
R171
R175
R178
R181
R181
R186
R192
R200
212
Solar/PV
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
55
R59
R62
64
66
R68
R69
R70
70
R69
R68
R65
R64
R63
R62
R63
R63
R68
R76
R89
R98
109
Production equals consumption for all renewable energy sources except biofuels.
Total biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, and total biomass inputs to the production of fuel
ethanol and biodiesel.
4 Hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar thermal/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass.
Table A6).
6 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6),
and geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
heat ratesee Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy.
other biomass.
2
3
Wind
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
22
29
31
30
31
36
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
341
546
R721
924
Wood
1,549
1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,429
1,497
1,711
1,837
2,036
2,150
2,474
2,496
2,510
2,684
2,686
2,687
2,562
2,463
2,577
2,680
2,216
2,214
2,313
2,260
2,324
2,370
2,437
2,371
2,184
2,214
2,262
2,006
1,995
2,002
2,121
2,136
2,109
2,098
2,044
R1,881
1,986
Waste
10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
88
119
157
208
236
263
289
315
354
408
440
473
479
515
531
577
551
542
540
511
364
402
401
389
403
397
413
436
R452
454
Biofuels
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
13
34
63
77
93
107
123
124
125
111
128
145
169
188
200
143
184
201
209
236
253
303
404
R499
577
771
991
1,372
R1,567
1,855
11
Total
Total
Renewable
Energy
1,549
1,562
1,424
1,320
1,335
1,431
1,499
1,713
1,838
2,038
2,152
2,476
2,596
2,663
2,904
2,971
3,016
2,932
2,875
3,016
3,159
2,735
2,782
2,932
2,908
3,028
3,101
3,157
3,105
R2,927
2,963
3,008
2,622
2,701
2,807
3,010
R3,116
R3,276
R3,502
3,852
R3,899
4,295
2,974
2,978
2,784
R2,928
R3,396
R4,070
R4,687
R4,727
R4,209
R5,005
R5,123
R5,428
R5,414
R5,980
R6,496
R6,438
R6,084
R6,111
R5,622
R5,457
R6,235
R6,041
R6,069
R5,821
R6,083
R5,988
R6,560
R7,014
R7,016
R6,493
R6,516
R6,106
R5,163
R5,729
R5,983
R6,082
R6,242
R6,659
R6,551
R7,190
R7,587
8,049

11 Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption, plus losses and co-products from the
production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
Notes: Most data for the residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors are estimates.
See notes and sources for Tables 10.2a and 10.2b. See Tables 8.2a-8.2d and 8.3a-8.3c for electricity
net generation and useful thermal output from renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-8.4c, 8.5a-8.5d,
8.6a-8.6c, and 8.7a-8.7c for renewable energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal
output; and Tables 8.11a-8.11d for renewable energy electric net summer capacity. See Note,
"Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of section. See Table E1 for estimated
renewable energy consumption for 1635-1945. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#renewable for all data beginning in
1949. For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.
Sources: Biofuels: Tables 10.3 and 10.4. All Other Data: Tables 10.2a-10.2c.
291
Figure 10.2a
Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 1989-2010
Residential Sector
Commercial Sector, Major Sources

90
1.0
Wood
60
Trillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
0.8
0.6
Wood
0.4
Waste5
30
0.2
Geothermal4
Solar/PV and Geothermal4
0.0
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
1990
Industrial Sector, Major Sources
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2006
2008
2010
2.0
1,200
Wood
1,000
800
Trillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
1.5
1.0
600
400
0.5
5
Waste
Losses and
Co-products6
0.0
Biomass7
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
1
Includes fuel used at combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of electricityonly plants.
2
3
Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation. Includes
small amounts of distributed solar thermal and PV energy used in the commercial, industrial,
and electric power sectors.
4
Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
292
200
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
5
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid
waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
6
From the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
7
The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels (such as E10 and E85), and biofuels
used as diesel fuel substitutes, additives or extenders.
Note: See related Figures 10.2b and 10.2c.
Sources: Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.
Figure 10.2b
Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector
End-Use Sectors, 1949-2010

2.5
Industrial
Quadrillion Btu
2.0
1.5
Residential
1.0
Transportation
0.5
Commercial
0.0
1950
1960
1970
End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector, 2010
1990
2000
2010
End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector

Shares of Total Renewable Energy Consumption, 2010
5
4.0
4
Quadrillion Btu
1980
Electric Power
Sector
50%
3
2.2
End-Use
Sectors
50%
1.1
1
0.6
0.1
0
Residential Commercial
Industrial Transportation
End-Use Sectors
Electric
Power
Sector
1
Includes fuel use at combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of
Note: See related Figures 10.2a and 10.2c.

293
Table 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Trillion Btu)
Commercial Sector 1
Residential Sector
Biomass
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Geothermal 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
10
13
14
16
18
22
26
33
37
Solar/PV
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R52
56
R57
R59
R61
R63
R64
65
R64
R64
R63
R60
R59
R57
R57
R57
R58
R63
R70
R80
R89
97
Wood
1,055
1,006
775
627
468
401
425
482
542
622
728
850
870
970
970
980
1,010
920
850
910
920
580
610
640
550
520
520
540
430
380
390
420
370
380
400
410
430
390
430
450
430
420
Total
1,055
1,006
775
627
468
401
425
482
542
622
728
850
870
970
970
980
1,010
920
850
910
R977
641
R673
706
618
R589
591
612
R502
452
R461
R489
R438
R448
R470
R481
R504
R472
R522
R556
R552
554
Hydroelectric
Power 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Biomass
Geothermal 2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
5
6
7
7
8
8
9
11
12
14
14
14
15
17
19

Section 8.
3 Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu
using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6). Includes small amounts of distributed solar thermal and PV
energy used in the commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.
Table A6).
Table A6) at commercial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.
294
Solar/PV
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
Wind
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
Wood
Waste
20
19
15
12
9
8
8
9
10
12
14
21
21
22
22
22
24
27
29
32
76
66
68
72
76
72
72
76
73
64
67
71
67
69
71
70
70
65
69
73
72
70
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
22
28
26
32
33
35
40
53
58
54
54
47
25
26
29
34
34
36
31
34
R36
34
Fuel Ethanol 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
2
2
R3
3
Total
Total
20
19
15
12
9
8
8
9
10
12
14
21
21
22
22
22
24
27
30
33
99
94
95
105
109
106
113
129
131
118
121
119
92
95
101
105
105
102
102
109
R112
108
20
19
15
12
9
8
8
9
10
12
14
21
21
22
22
22
24
27
30
33
102
98
100
109
114
112
118
135
138
127
129
128
101
104
113
118
119
117
118
125
R129
127
other biomass.
9 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10, consumed by the commercial
sector.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for commercial sector solar/PV, hydroelectric power, wind, and
waste. See Tables 8.2a-8.2d and 8.3a-8.3c for electricity net generation and useful thermal output from
renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-8.4c, 8.5a-8.5d, 8.6a-8.6c, and 8.7a-8.7c for renewable energy
consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output; and Tables 8.11a-8.11d for renewable
energy electric net summer capacity. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Table 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Trillion Btu)
Industrial Sector 1
Biomass
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Hydroelectric
Power 2
76
69
38
39
33
34
32
33
33
32
34
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
28
31
30
31
30
62
55
61
58
55
49
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
16
17
18
16
Geothermal 3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
3
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
Solar/PV 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
Wood 5
Waste 6
468
532
631
680
855
1,019
1,063
1,220
1,281
1,400
1,405
1,600
1,602
1,516
1,690
1,679
1,645
1,610
1,576
1,625
1,584
1,442
1,410
1,461
1,484
1,580
1,652
1,683
1,731
1,603
1,620
1,636
1,443
1,396
1,363
1,476
1,452
1,472
1,413
1,344
R1,198
1,307
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
87
118
155
204
230
256
282
308
200
192
185
179
181
199
195
224
184
180
171
145
129
146
142
132
148
130
144
144
R154
168
Fuel
Ethanol 7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
4
6
7
10
10
12
13
16

plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
Table A6).
Table A6) at industrial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.
other biomass.
7 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10, consumed by the industrial
sector.
8 Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Does not include natural
Biomass
Losses and
Co-products 8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
16
29
35
42
48
55
55
56
49
56
64
74
82
86
61
80
86
90
99
108
130
169
203
230
285
377
532
R617
738
Total
Total
Fuel
Ethanol 9
468
532
631
680
855
1,019
1,063
1,220
1,281
1,400
1,405
1,600
1,695
1,650
1,874
1,918
1,918
1,915
1,914
1,989
1,841
1,684
1,652
1,705
1,741
1,862
1,934
1,969
1,996
1,872
1,882
1,881
1,681
1,676
1,679
1,817
1,837
1,897
1,944
2,031
R1,982
2,229
544
602
669
719
888
1,053
1,096
1,253
1,314
1,432
1,439
1,633
1,728
1,683
1,908
1,951
1,951
1,948
1,947
2,022
1,871
1,717
1,684
1,737
1,773
1,927
1,992
2,033
2,057
1,929
1,934
1,928
1,719
1,720
1,726
1,853
1,873
1,930
1,964
2,053
R2,005
2,249
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
18
34
41
50
57
66
67
68
60
70
80
94
105
R112
81
102
113
118
135
141
168
228
286
R327
442
557
786
R894
1,070
Biodiesel
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
2
2
3
12
33
46
40
R40
28
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
18
34
41
50
57
66
67
68
60
70
80
94
105
R112
81
102
113
118
135
142
170
230
290
339
475
R602
R826
R934
1,098
gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel ethanol and biodieselthese
are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.
9 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10 and E85, consumed by the
transportation sector.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for industrial sector hydroelectric power in 1949-1978 and 1989
forward, and solar/PV. See Tables 8.2a-8.2d and 8.3a-8.3c for electricity net generation and useful
thermal output from renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-8.4c, 8.5a-8.5d, 8.6a-8.6c, and 8.7a-8.7c for
renewable energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output; and Tables 8.11a-8.11d
for renewable energy electric net summer capacity. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
295
Figure 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector

Electric Power Sector Total and Hydroelectric Power, 1949-2010
5
4
Quadrillion Btu
Electric Power Sector Total
Hydroelectric Power1
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 1989-2010
1980
1985
800
800
Wind
600
400
Trillion Btu
1,000
2010
600
400
189
200
Geothermal
153
Solar/PV6
13
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Wind
Conventional hydroelectricity net generation.

Wind electricity net generation.
3
Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid
waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
296
2005
252
Wood
2000
924
Waste
200
1995
Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 2010
1,000
Trillion Btu
1990
Waste4
Wood5
Geothermal
Geothermal electricity net generation.

6
Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation.
Note: See related Figures 10.2a and 10.2b on the end-use sectors.
Source: Table 10.2c.
Solar/PV6
Table 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Trillion Btu)
Biomass
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
19897
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Hydroelectric
Power 1
1,349
1,346
1,322
1,569
2,026
2,600
3,122
2,943
2,301
2,905
2,897
2,867
2,725
3,233
3,494
3,353
2,937
3,038
2,602
2,302
2,808
3,014
2,985
2,586
2,861
2,620
3,149
3,528
3,581
3,241
3,218
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,781
2,656
2,670
2,839
2,430
2,494
R2,650
2,492
Geothermal
NA
NA
NA
R(s)
R2
R6
R34
R38
R37
R31
R40
R53
R59
R51
R64
R81
R97
R108
R112
R106
R152
R161
R167
R167
R173
R160
R138
R148
R150
R151
R152
R144
R142
R147
R148
R148
R147
R145
R145
R146
R146
153
Solar/PV
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
4
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
9
R9
13
Wind
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
22
29
31
30
31
36
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
341
546
R721
924
Table A6).
2 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6).
heat ratesee Table A6).
other biomass.
Wood
6
5
3
2
3
1
(s)
1
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
5
8
5
8
10
100
129
126
140
150
152
125
138
137
137
138
134
126
150
167
165
185
182
186
177
R180
189
Waste 6
Total
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
4
7
7
7
8
132
188
229
262
265
282
296
300
309
308
315
318
211
230
230
223
221
231
237
258
R261
252
6
5
3
2
3
4
2
3
5
3
5
5
4
3
4
9
14
12
15
17
232
317
354
402
415
434
422
438
446
444
453
453
337
380
397
388
406
412
423
435
R441
440
1,355
1,351
1,325
1,571
R2,031
R2,609
R3,158
R2,983
R2,343
R2,940
R2,942
R2,925
R2,788
R3,286
R3,562
R3,443
R3,049
R3,158
R2,729
R2,425
R3,217
R3,524
R3,542
R3,189
R3,484
R3,255
R3,747
R4,153
R4,216
R3,872
R3,874
R3,427
R2,763
R3,288
R3,445
R3,340
R3,406
R3,665
R3,345
R3,630
R3,967
4,022

the public. See Tables 8.2a-8.2d and 8.3a-8.3c for electricity net generation and useful thermal output
from renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-8.4c, 8.5a-8.5d, 8.6a-8.6c, and 8.7a-8.7c for renewable
energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output; and Tables 8.11a-8.11d for
renewable energy electric net summer capacity. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of
Sources: Tables 8.2b, 8.5b, 8.7b, and A6.
297
Figure 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview

Stocks,3 1992-2010
Overview, 2010
2,000
20
1,830
15
1,122
Million Barrels
Trillion Btu
1,500
1,118
1,000
738
10
500
0
Feedstock
Losses and
Co-products2
Production
Net
Imports 3,4
Stock
Change
0
1992
Consumption
Consumption, 1981-2010
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Fuel Ethanol and Biodiesel Production, 2010

14
15
13.2 Billion Gallons
in 2010
13.2
12
12
Billion Gallons
Billion Gallons
10
9
8
6
4
3
2
0.3
0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
1
Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol used for fuel
ethanol.
2
Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol.
298
2010
Fuel Ethanol
Includes denaturant.
Fuel ethanol imports only. Data for fuel ethanol exports are not available.
Sources: Tables 10.3, 10.4, and A3.
Biodiesel
2010
Table 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview, 1981-2010

Trade 4
Feedstock 1
Losses
and Coproducts 2
Denaturant 3
Year
Trillion
Btu
Trillion
Btu
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
13
34
63
77
93
107
123
124
125
111
128
145
169
188
198
141
186
202
211
233
253
307
400
484
552
688
914
1,300
R1,517
1,830
6
16
29
35
42
48
55
55
56
49
56
64
74
82
86
61
80
86
90
99
108
130
169
203
230
285
376
531
R616
738
40
107
198
243
294
339
390
396
401
356
413
469
550
614
647
464
613
669
698
773
841
1,019
1,335
1,621
1,859
2,326
3,105
4,433
R5,688
6,464
1,978
5,369
9,890
12,150
14,693
16,954
19,497
19,780
20,062
17,802
20,627
23,453
27,484
30,689
32,325
23,178
30,674
33,453
34,881
38,627
42,028
50,956
66,772
81,058
92,961
116,294
155,263
221,637
R260,424
315,018
1
2
Imports
Exports
Net
Imports 5
Stocks 4,6
Stock
Change 4,7
Trillion
Btu
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
7
19
35
43
52
60
69
70
71
63
73
84
98
109
115
83
109
119
124
138
150
182
238
289
331
414
553
790
R928
1,122
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
244
279
387
313
85
66
87
116
315
306
292
3,542
3,234
17,408
10,457
12,610
R4,720
243
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
244
279
387
313
85
66
87
116
315
306
292
3,542
3,234
17,408
10,457
12,610
R4,720
243
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,791
2,114
2,393
2,186
2,065
2,925
3,406
4,024
3,400
4,298
6,200
5,978
6,002
5,563
8,760
10,535
14,226
R16,594
17,940
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
323
279
-207
-121
860
481
618
-624
898
1,902
-222
24
-439
3,197
1,775
3,691
R2,368
91,229
1,978
5,369
9,890
12,150
14,693
16,954
19,497
19,780
20,062
17,802
20,627
23,453
27,405
30,689
32,919
23,612
29,899
33,038
34,350
39,367
41,445
49,360
67,286
84,576
96,634
130,505
163,945
230,556
R262,776
314,032
Production 4
Million
Gallons
83
225
415
510
617
712
819
831
843
748
866
985
1,154
1,289
1,358
973
1,288
1,405
1,465
1,622
1,765
2,140
2,804
3,404
3,904
4,884
6,521
9,309
R10,938
13,231
Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol used for fuel ethanol.
Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol. Does not include natural gas, electricity,
and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel ethanolthese are included in the industrial
sector consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.
3 The amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol produced.
4 Includes denaturant.
6 Stocks are at end of year.
8 Consumption of fuel ethanol minus denaturant. Data for fuel ethanol minus denaturant are used to
develop data for "Renewable Energy/Biomass" in Tables 10.1-10.2b, as well as in Sections 1 and 2.
9 Derived from the preliminary 2009 stocks value (16,711 thousand barrels), not the final 2009 value
(16,594 thousand barrels) that is shown under "Stocks."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. =No data reported.
Notes: Fuel ethanol data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by multiplying by 0.042,
and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the approximate heat content of fuel ethanolsee Table A3.
Through 1980, data are not available. For 1981-1992, data are estimates. For 1993-2008, only data for
feedstock, losses and co-products, and denaturant are estimates. Beginning in 2009, only data for
feedstock, and losses and co-products, are estimates. See "Denaturant," "Ethanol," "Fuel Ethanol," and
"Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_supply_monthly/psm.html.
Sources: Feedstock: Calculated as fuel ethanol production (in thousand barrels) minus denaturant, and
then multiplied by the fuel ethanol feedstock factorsee Table A3. Losses and Co-products: Calculated
as fuel ethanol feedstock plus denaturant minus fuel ethanol production. Denaturant: 1981-2008Data
in thousand barrels for petroleum denaturant in fuel ethanol produced are estimated as 2 percent of fuel
ethanol production; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.645 million Btu per barrel (the
estimated quantity-weighted factor of pentanes plus and conventional motor gasoline used as denaturant).
2009 and 2010U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Consumption
Minus
Denaturant 8
Consumption 4
Million
Gallons
83
225
415
510
617
712
819
831
843
748
866
985
1,151
1,289
1,383
992
1,256
1,388
1,443
1,653
1,741
2,073
2,826
3,552
4,059
5,481
6,886
9,683
R11,037
13,189
Trillion
Btu
Trillion
Btu
7
19
35
43
52
60
69
70
71
63
73
84
98
109
117
84
107
118
122
140
148
176
240
301
344
465
584
821
R936
1,118
7
19
34
42
51
59
68
69
70
62
72
81
95
106
114
82
104
115
119
137
144
171
233
293
335
453
569
800
R910
1,089
report, Table 1, and Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), monthly reports, Table 1. Data in thousand barrels
for net production of pentanes plus at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1; these data
are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.620 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of
pentanes plus). Data in thousand barrels for net production of conventional motor gasoline and motor
gasoline blending components at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1; these data are
converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.253 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of
conventional motor gasoline). Total denaturant is the sum of the values for pentanes plus, conventional
motor gasoline, and motor gasoline blending components. Production: 1981-1992Fuel ethanol
production is assumed to equal fuel ethanol consumptionsee sources for "Consumption."
1993-2004Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption plus fuel ethanol stock change minus fuel ethanol
net imports. These data differ slightly from the original production data from EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly
Oxygenate Report," and predecessor form, which were not reconciled and updated to be consistent with
the final balance. 2005-2008EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate Report." 2009EIA, PSA,
Table 1, data for net production of fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants. 2010EIA,
PSM (February 2011), Table 1, data for net production of fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and oxygenate
plants. Trade, Stocks, and Stock Change: 1992-2009EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1.
2010EIA, PSM (February 2011), Table 1. Consumption: 1981-1989EIA, Estimates of U.S.
Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10; and interpolated values for 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, and 1988.
1990-1992EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biomass Energy Consumption 1992, Table D2; and interpolated
value for 1991. 1993-2004EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 2 and 16. Calculated as 10 percent of
oxygenated finished motor gasoline field production (Table 2), plus fuel ethanol refinery input (Table 16).
2005-2008EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 1 and 15. Calculated as motor gasoline blending
components adjustments (Table 1), plus finished motor gasoline adjustments (Table 1), plus fuel ethanol
refinery and blender net inputs (Table 15). 2009EIA, PSA, Table 1. Calculated as fuel ethanol refinery
and blender net inputs minus fuel ethanol adjustments. 2010EIA, PSM (February 2011), Table 1.
Calculated as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel ethanol adjustments. Consumption
Minus Denaturant: Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption minus the amount of denaturant in fuel
ethanol consumed. Denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed is estimated by multiplying denaturant in fuel
ethanol produced by the fuel ethanol consumption-to-production ratio.
299
Figure 10.4 Biodiesel Overview

Overview, 2010
50
Trillion Btu
40
40
28
25
13
0
Feedstock
Losses and
Co-Products2
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock
Change
Consumption
Consumption, 2001-2010
400
Million Gallons
300
200
222 Million Gallons
in 2010
100
0
2001
1
2
300
2002
2003
2004
Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel.
Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel.
2005
2006
2007
Sources: Tables 10.4 and A3.
2008
2009
2010
Table 10.4 Biodiesel Overview, 2001-2010

Trade
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1
Feedstock 1
Losses and
Co-products 2
Trillion
Btu
Trillion
Btu
1
1
2
4
12
32
63
88
R65
40
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
Imports
Exports
Net
Imports 3
Stocks 4
Stock
Change 5
Balancing
Item 6
Trillion
Btu
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
Thousand
Barrels
1
1
2
4
12
32
62
87
R65
40
78
191
94
97
207
1,069
3,342
7,502
1,844
546
39
56
110
124
206
828
6,477
16,128
6,332
2,503
39
135
-16
-26
1
242
-3,135
-8,626
-4,489
-1,958
Production
Thousand
Barrels
Million
Gallons
204
250
338
666
2,162
5,963
11,662
16,145
R12,054
7,401
9
10
14
28
91
250
490
678
R506
311
Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel.
Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel. Does not include natural gas, electricity, and
other non-biomass energy used in the production of biodieselthese are included in the industrial sector
consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.
4 Stocks are at end of year.
6 Beginning in 2009, because of incomplete data coverage and different data sources, "Balancing Item"
is used to balance biodiesel supply and disposition.
7 Derived from the preliminary 2009 stocks value (506 thousand barrels), not the final 2009 value (711
thousand barrels) that is shown under "Stocks."
Notes: Biodiesel data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by multiplying by 0.042, and
are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.359 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of
biodieselsee Table A3). Through 2000, data are not available. Beginning in 2001, data not from U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA) surveys are estimates. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/biodiesel/biodiesel.pdf for related
information.
Sources: Feedstock: Calculated as biodiesel production in thousand barrels multiplied by 5.433 million
Btu per barrel (the biodiesel feedstock factorsee Table A3). Losses and Co-products: Calculated as
biodiesel feedstock minus biodiesel production. Production: 2001-2005U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Commodity Credit Corporation, Bioenergy Program records. Annual data are derived from
quarterly data. 2006U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "M311K - Fats and Oils:
2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R711
662
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R711
7156
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R682
0
Consumption
Thousand
Barrels
243
385
322
640
2,163
6,204
8,528
7,519
R7,537
5,288
Million
Gallons
10
16
14
27
91
261
358
316
R317
222
Trillion
Btu
1
2
2
3
12
33
46
40
R40
28
Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for soybean oil consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel). In
addition, EIA estimates that 14.4 million gallons of yellow grease were consumed in methyl esters
(biodiesel). 2007U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "M311K - Fats and Oils:
Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for all fats and oils consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel).
2008 and 2009EIA, Monthly Biodiesel Production Report, December 2009 (release date October
2010), Table 11. 2010U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "M311K - Fats and Oils:
Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for all fats and oils consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel).
Trade: U.S. Department of Agriculture, imports data for Harmonized Tariff Schedule codes 3824.90.40.20,
"Fatty Esters Animal/Vegetable/Mixture" (for data through June 2010), and 3824.90.40.30,
"Biodiesel/Mixes" (for data beginning in July 2010); and exports data for Schedule B code 3824.90.40.00,
"Fatty Substances Animal/Vegetable/Mixture." Although these categories include products other than
biodiesel (such as those destined for soaps, cosmetics, and other items), biodiesel is the largest
component. In the absence of other reliable data for biodiesel trade, EIA sees these data as good
estimates. Stocks and Stock Change: 2009EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, Table 1,
data for renewable fuels except fuel ethanol. 2010EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), monthly
reports, Table 1, data for renewable fuels except fuel ethanol. Balancing Item: 2009 and
2010Calculated as biodiesel consumption and biodiesel stock change minus biodiesel production and
biodiesel net imports. Consumption: 2001-2008Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net
imports. 2009Calculated as the sum of the monthly consumption data. Data for January and February
2009 are from EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1, refinery and blender net inputs of renewable fuels
except fuel ethanol. Data for March-December 2009 are calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel
net imports minus biodiesel stock change. 2010Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net
imports minus biodiesel stock change.
301
Figure 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel Consumption
Vehicles in Use, 1995-2009
Vehicles in Use by Fuel Type, 2009

600
1,000
826
600
565
534
592
Thousand Vehicles
696
Thousand Vehicles
500
776
800
635
471
395
400
280 295
247 265
425
322
400
300
200
147
114
200
100
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
CNG
Electricity
LNG
Hydrogen
250
403
400
430 431
429 421
418 415
382
352
278
297
315
326
325
305
200
100
Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons
Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons
LPG
(s)
4
Fuel Consumption by Type, 2009
500
200
200
150
130
100
71
50
26
(ss)
Electricity
Hydrogen
0
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Ethanol, 85 percent (E85). Includes only those E85 vehicles believed to be used as
alternative-fueled vehicles, primarily fleet-operated vehicles; excludes other vehicles with E85fueling capability.
2
3
Compressed natural gas.
302
Ethanol
2009
Fuel Consumption, 1995-2009
57
300
504
CNG
LPG
Ethanol
Liquefied natural gas.

(s)=Fewer than 0.5 thousand vehicles.
(ss)=Less than 0.5 million gasoline-equivalent gallons.
Source: Table 10.5.
LNG
Table 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Fuel Consumption, 1992-2009
Alternative and Replacement Fuels 1
Oxygenates 2
Liquefied Compressed Liquefied
Petroleum
Natural
Natural
Gases
Gas
Gas
Year
Methanol, Methanol,
Ethanol,
85 Percent
Neat
85 Percent
3
4
(M85)
(M100)
(E85) 3,5
Ethanol,
95 Percent
(E95) 3
Electricity 6
Hydrogen
Other
Fuels 7
Subtotal
Methyl Tertiary Ethanol in

Butyl Ether 8 Gasohol 9
Total
Biodiesel 10
Total
Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use 11 (number)

1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
NA
NA
NA
172,806
175,585
175,679
177,183
178,610
181,994
185,053
187,680
190,369
182,864
173,795
164,846
158,254
151,049
147,030
23,191
32,714
41,227
50,218
60,144
68,571
78,782
91,267
100,750
111,851
120,839
114,406
118,532
117,699
116,131
114,391
113,973
114,270
90
299
484
603
663
813
1,172
1,681
2,090
2,576
2,708
2,640
2,717
2,748
2,798
2,781
3,101
3,176
4,850
10,263
15,484
18,319
20,265
21,040
19,648
18,964
10,426
7,827
5,873
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
404
414
415
386
172
172
200
198
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
172
441
605
1,527
4,536
9,130
12,788
24,604
87,570
100,303
120,951
179,090
211,800
246,363
297,099
364,384
450,327
504,297
38
27
33
136
361
347
14
14
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,607
1,690
2,224
2,860
3,280
4,453
5,243
6,964
11,830
17,847
33,047
47,485
49,536
51,398
53,526
55,730
56,901
57,185
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
43
119
159
223
313
357
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
3
3
3
NA
NA
NA
246,855
265,006
280,205
295,030
322,302
394,664
425,457
471,098
533,999
565,492
592,125
634,562
695,766
775,667
826,318
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,175,964
2,070,897
2,020,455
2,693,407
2,751,955
3,106,745
2,905,781
3,405,390
3,298,803
3,354,949
3,122,859
2,368,400
1,877,300
1,654,500
435,000
0
0
0
719,408
779,958
868,113
934,615
677,537
852,514
912,858
975,255
1,114,313
1,173,323
1,450,721
1,919,572
2,414,167
2,756,663
3,729,168
4,694,304
6,442,781
7,343,133
1,895,372
2,850,854
2,888,569
3,628,022
3,429,492
3,959,260
3,818,639
4,380,645
4,413,116
4,528,272
4,573,580
4,287,972
4,291,467
4,411,163
4,164,168
4,694,304
6,442,781
7,343,133
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6,828
10,627
16,824
14,082
27,616
93,281
267,623
367,764
324,329
325,102
NA
NA
NA
3,906,142
3,726,802
4,273,880
4,144,620
4,685,263
4,744,930
4,890,457
4,972,556
4,704,995
4,747,615
4,925,222
4,849,594
5,476,783
7,197,439
8,099,342
Fuel Consumption 12 (thousand gasoline-equivalent gallons)

1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009P
1
2
3
4
5
NA
NA
NA
233,178
239,648
238,845
241,881
210,247
213,012
216,319
223,600
224,697
211,883
188,171
173,130
152,360
147,784
129,631
17,159
22,035
24,643
35,865
47,861
66,495
73,859
81,211
88,478
106,584
123,081
133,222
158,903
166,878
172,011
178,565
189,358
199,513
598
1,944
2,398
2,821
3,320
3,798
5,463
5,959
7,423
9,122
9,593
13,503
20,888
22,409
23,474
24,594
25,554
25,652
1,121
1,671
2,455
2,122
1,862
1,630
1,271
1,126
614
461
354
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,672
3,321
3,347
2,255
364
364
471
469
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
49
82
195
712
1,314
1,772
4,019
12,388
15,007
18,250
26,376
31,581
38,074
44,041
54,091
62,464
71,213
87
82
144
1,021
2,770
1,166
61
64
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
359
288
430
663
773
1,010
1,202
1,524
3,058
4,066
7,274
5,141
5,269
5,219
5,104
5,037
5,050
4,956
See "Alternative Fuel" and "Replacement Fuel" in Glossary.

See "Oxygenates" in Glossary.
Remaining portion is motor gasoline. Consumption data include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel.
One hundred percent methanol.
Includes only those E85 vehicles believed to be used as alternative-fuels vehicles (AFVs), primarily
fleet-operated vechicles; excludes other vehicles with E85-fueling capability. In 1997, some vehicle
manufacturers began including E85-fueling capability in certain model lines of vehicles. For 2009, the U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that the number of E85 vehicles that are capable of
operating on E85, motor gasoline, or both, is about 10 million. Many of these AFVs are sold and used as
traditional gasoline-powered vehicles.
6 Excludes gasoline-electric hybrids.
7 May include P-Series fuel or any other fuel designated by the Secretary of Energy as an alternative
fuel in acordance with the Energy Policy Act of 1995.
8 In addition to methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), includes a very small amount of other ethers,
primarily tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) and ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE).
9 Data do not include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel.
10 "Biodiesel" may be used as a diesel fuel substitute or diesel fuel additive or extender. See "Biodiesel"
in Glossary.
11 "Vehicles in Use" data represent accumulated acquisitions, less retirements, as of the end of each
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
8
25
41
66
117
140
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
NA
NA
NA
278,121
297,310
314,621
325,980
304,618
324,986
351,558
382,152
402,941
428,532
420,778
417,803
414,715
430,329
431,107
calendar year; data do not include concept and demonstration vehicles that are not ready for delivery to
end users. See "Alternative-Fueled Vehicle" in Glossary.
12 Fuel consumption quantities are expressed in a common base unit of gasoline-equivalent gallons to
allow comparisons of different fuel types. Gasoline-equivalent gallons do not represent gasoline
displacement. Gasoline equivalent is computed by dividing the gross heat content of the replacement fuel
by the gross heat content of gasoline (using an approximate heat content of 122,619 Btu per gallon) and
multiplying the result by the replacement fuel consumption value. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/renewable/.
Sources: 1992-1994Science Applications International Corporation, "Alternative Transportation
Fuels and Vehicles Data Development," unpublished final report prepared for the EIA, (McLean, VA, July
1996), and U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Data were
revised by using gross instead of net heat contents. For a table of gross and net heat contents, see EIA,
Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels: An Overview (June 1994), Table 22. 1995-2002EIA,
"Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 2003 Estimated Data" (February 2004), Tables 1 and 10,
and unpublished revisions. Data were revised by using gross instead of net heat contents. 2003
forwardEIA, "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels," annual reports, Tables V1 and C1, and
unpublished revisions.
303
Figure 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade
Total Shipments, 1974-1984 and 1986-2009
Trade, 1978-1984 and 1986-2009
Price of Total Shipments, 1986-2009
24
12
12
Dollars per Square Foot
Million Square Feet
Million Square Feet
5
18
4
3
Imports
2
1
Exports
0
1980
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
1985
1990
Number of U.S. Manufacturers by Type of Collector, 1974-1984

and 1986-2009
1995
2000
2005
1990
1995
2000
2005
Average Annual Shipments per Manufacturer, 1974-1984 and 1986-2009

1,800
300
Medium-Temperature
Collectors2
Thousand Square Feet
1,500
Number
200
100
Low-Temperature
Collectors3
1,200
900
Low-Temperature
Collectors3
600
300
Medium-Temperature
Collectors2
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to
180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Special collectorsevacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)
collectorsare included in the medium-temperature category.
2
304
1975
2005
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.

Notes: Shipments are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports
that subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. Data were not collected
for 1985.
Source: Table 10.6.
Table 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2009
(Thousand Square Feet, Except as Noted)
Low-Temperature Collectors 1
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
19856
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Number
of U.S.
Manufacturers
6
13
19
52
69
84
79
75
61
55
48
NA
22
12
8
10
12
16
16
13
16
14
14
13
12
13
11
10
13
12
9
10
11
13
11
13
Medium-Temperature Collectors 2
Quantity
Shipped
Shipments
per
Manufacturer
Price 4
(dollars 5 per
square foot)
1,137
3,026
3,876
4,743
5,872
8,394
12,233
8,677
7,476
4,853
4,479
NA
3,751
3,157
3,326
4,283
3,645
5,585
6,187
6,025
6,823
6,813
6,821
7,524
7,292
8,152
7,948
10,919
11,126
10,877
13,608
15,224
15,546
13,323
14,015
10,511
190
233
204
91
85
100
155
116
123
88
93
NA
171
263
416
428
304
349
387
464
426
487
487
579
607
627
723
1,092
856
906
1,512
1,522
1,413
1,025
1,274
809
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.30
2.18
2.24
2.60
2.90
2.90
2.50
2.80
2.54
2.32
2.67
2.60
2.83
2.08
2.09
2.15
1.97
2.08
1.80
2.00
1.95
1.97
1.89
1.94
Number
of U.S.
Manufacturers
39
118
203
297
204
257
250
263
248
179
206
NA
87
50
45
36
41
41
34
33
31
26
19
21
19
20
16
17
17
17
17
17
35
51
62
73
Quantity
Shipped
137
717
1,925
5,569
4,988
5,856
7,165
11,456
11,145
11,975
11,939
NA
1,111
957
732
1,989
2,527
989
897
931
803
840
785
606
443
427
400
268
535
560
506
702
1,346
1,797
2,560
2,307
Shipments
per
Manufacturer
4
6
10
19
25
23
29
44
45
67
58
NA
13
19
16
55
62
24
26
28
26
32
41
29
23
21
25
16
31
33
30
41
38
35
41
32
1 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below
110 F.
2 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperature
range of 140 F to 180 F but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 F. Special collectors are
included in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)
collectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentration
for pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning and
specialized industrial processes).
3 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above
180 F. High-temperature collector shipments are dominated by one manufacturer, and the collectors are
used by the electric power sector to build new central station solar thermal power plants and generate
electricity. Year-to-year fluctations depend on how much new capacity is brought online.
4 Prices equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges for advertising and
warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for the shipments.
High-Temperature Collectors 3
Total Shipments
Trade
Price 4
(dollars 5 per
square foot)
Quantity
Shipped
Price 4
(dollars 5 per
square foot)
Quantity
Shipped
Price 4
(dollars 5 per
square foot)
Imports
Exports
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
18.30
13.50
14.88
11.74
7.68
11.94
10.96
11.74
13.54
10.48
14.48
15.17
15.17
19.12
W
W
W
W
19.30
W
W
W
R19.57
27.32
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
773
NA
4,498
3,155
4,116
5,209
5,237
1
2
12
2
13
10
7
21
4
5
2
2
7
115
3,852
33
388
980
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
17.76
15.74
31.94
75.66
22.12
177.00
53.26
18.75
25.00
53.21
286.49
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
11.96
25.32
1,274
3,743
5,801
10,312
10,860
14,251
19,398
21,133
18,621
16,828
17,191
NA
9,360
7,269
8,174
11,482
11,409
6,574
7,086
6,968
7,627
7,666
7,616
8,138
7,756
8,583
8,354
11,189
11,663
11,444
14,114
16,041
20,744
15,153
16,963
13,798
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.14
4.82
4.56
10.92
9.86
4.26
3.58
3.96
3.74
3.30
3.91
3.56
3.66
3.05
3.28
2.90
2.85
3.19
2.43
2.86
5.84
3.95
4.80
7.01
NA
NA
NA
NA
396
290
235
196
418
511
621
NA
473
691
814
1,233
1,562
1,543
1,650
2,039
1,815
2,037
1,930
2,102
2,206
2,352
2,201
3,502
3,068
2,986
3,723
4,546
4,244
3,891
5,517
3,456
NA
NA
NA
NA
840
855
1,115
771
455
159
348
NA
224
182
158
461
245
332
316
411
405
530
454
379
360
537
496
840
659
518
813
1,361
1,211
1,376
2,247
1,577
No data are available for 1985.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. =No data reported. =Not applicable. W=Value withheld to avoid
disclosure of proprietary company data.
Notes: Shipments data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that
subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. Manufacturers producing more than one
type of collector are accounted for in both groups.
Sources: 1974-1992U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Solar Collector Manufacturing
Activity, annual reports, and Form CE-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey," and
predecessor forms. 1993-2002EIA, Renewable Energy Annual, annual reports, and Form EIA-63A,
"Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey," and predecessor form. 2003 forwardEIA,
Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturing Activities (and predecessor reports), annual reports, and Form
EIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey."
6
305
Figure 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Domestic Shipments by Market Sector, End-Use, and Type, 2009
Market Sector
16
12
12
8.9
Type of Collector
16
Million Square Feet
16
Million Square Feet
Million Square Feet
End Use
10.2
12
9.0
4
2.3
2.0
0.6
1.0
0.4
1.0
0.6
0.4
Commercial
Industrial
Electric
Power
1.0
0
Pool
Water Process
Heating Heating Heating
Electri- Other
city
Generation
0
Residential
LowMediumHighTemperature3 Temperature4 Temperature5
End Use by Type of Collector
Million Square Feet
16
12
8.9
4
2.0
0.1
0
Pool
Heating
Space
Heating
0.1
(s)
6
Other
Low-Temperature Collectors3
Water
Heating
Combined
Heating
0.1
Space
Heating
Pool
Heating
(s)
Combined space and water heating.

Space heating, combined heating, and space cooling.
3
Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.
4
Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to
180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Other
Medium-Temperature Collectors4
306
0.1
0.6
0.4
(s)
Process
Heating
Electricity
Generation
Space
Cooling
High-Temperature Collectors5
Collectors that generally operate at temperatures above 180 degrees Fahrenheit.

Water heating and combined heating.
7
Space cooling, process heating, and electricity generation.
(s)=Less than 0.05 million square feet.
Source: Table 10.7.
Table 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2001-2009
(Thousand Square Feet)
By Market Sector
Year
and Type
Residential
Commercial 1
Industrial 2
By End Use
Electric
Power 3
Other 4
Pool
Heating
Water
Heating
Space
Heating
Space
Cooling
Combined
Heating 5
Process
Heating
Electricity
Generation
Total
Total Shipments 6
2001 Total ....
Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
10,125
9,885
240
0
1,012
987
24
1
17
12
5
0
1
0
0
1
35
34
1
0
10,797
10,782
16
0
274
42
232
0
70
61
9
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
12
0
34
34
0
0
2
0
0
2
11,189
10,919
268
2
2002 Total ....

Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
11,000
10,519
481
0
595
524
69
2
62
2
60
0
4
0
4
0
1
0
1
0
11,073
11,045
28
0
423
1
422
0
146
0
146
0
(s)
0
(s)
0
17
0
15
2
4
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
11,663
11,046
615
2
2003 Total ....

Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
10,506
9,993
513
0
864
813
44
7
71
71
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
10,800
10,778
22
0
511
0
511
0
76
65
11
0
(s)
0
(s)
0
23
0
16
7
34
34
0
0
0
0
0
0
11,444
10,877
560
7
2004 Total ....

Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
12,864
12,386
478
0
1,178
1,178
0
0
70
44
26
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
13,634
13,600
33
0
452
0
452
0
13
8
5
0
0
0
0
0
16
0
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14,115
13,608
506
0
2005 Total ....

Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
14,681
14,045
636
0
1,160
1,099
58
2
31
30
1
0
114
0
0
114
56
50
6
0
15,041
15,022
20
0
640
12
628
0
228
190
38
0
2
0
0
2
16
0
16
0
0
0
0
0
114
0
0
114
16,041
15,224
702
115
2006 Total ....

Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
15,123
13,906
1,217
0
1,626
1,500
120
7
42
40
2
0
3,845
0
0
3,845
107
100
7
0
15,362
15,225
137
0
1,136
10
1,126
0
330
290
40
0
3
0
3
0
66
21
38
7
0
0
0
0
3,847
0
2
3,845
20,744
15,546
1,346
3,852
2007 Total ....

Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
12,799
11,352
1,447
931
633
298
(s)
46
18
27
1
1
12,076
11,917
158
1,393
4
1,389
(s)
189
63
126
13
13
73
73
27
27
6
1
5
13,777
11,986
1,764
27
2008 Total ....

Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
13,000
10,983
2,017
1,294
918
376
128
33
95
294
6
289
11,973
11,880
93
1,978
8
1,971
186
10
176
18
18
148
2
141
5
50
21
29
361
12
349
14,716
11,900
2,432
383
2009 Total ....

Low 7 ..........
Medium 8 ....
High 9 ..........
10,239
8,423
1,816
974
526
439
10
634
11
29
594
374
374
8,934
8,882
52
1,992
7
1,985
150
61
89
10
(s)
10
137
9
128
608
14
594
389
15
374
12,221
8,959
2,284
978
Domestic Shipments 6
1 Through 2006, data are for the commercial sector, excluding government, which is included in "Other."
Beginning in 2007, data are for the commercial sector, including government.
2 Through 2006, data are for the industrial sector and independent power producers. Beginning in
2007, data are for the industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in "Electric Power."
3 Through 2006, data are for electric utilities only; independent power producers are included in
"Industrial." Beginning in 2007, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
4 Through 2006, data are for other sectors such as government, including the military, but excluding
space applications. Beginning in 2007, data are for the transportation sector.
5 Combined space and water heating.
6 Through 2006, data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that
subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. Beginning in 2007, data are for domestic
shipments only.
7 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below
110 F.
8 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperature
range of 140 F to 180 F, but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 F. Special collectors are
included in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)
collectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentration
for pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning and
specialized industrial processes).
9 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above
180 F. These are parabolic dish/trough collectors used primarily by the electric power sector to generate
electricity for the electric grid.
=No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand square feet.
Sources: 2000-2002U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Renewable Energy Annual,
annual reports, and Form EIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey." 2003
forwardEIA, Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturing Activities (and predecessor reports), annual reports,
and Form EIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey."
307
Figure 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices
Number of U.S. Companies Reporting Shipments, 1982-2009
Total Shipments, 1982-2009

1,400
120
101
1,200
Thousand Peak Kilowatts
100
80
Number
66
60
41
40
23
20 19 18
15 17 17 14
25
23 21
22 24
21 21 19 21 19 19 20 19
19
17 19
2009:
1,283 thousand
peak kilowatts
46
29
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
0
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Trade, 1983-2009
2004
2006
1985
2008
1990
1995
2000
2005
Prices, 1989-2009
7
800
600
Imports
400
200
Modules
3
Cells
0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Note: Shipments are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that
subsequently were shipped to domestic and foreign customers.
308
Exports
Dollars per Peak Watt
1990
1992
1994
1996
Source: Table 10.8.
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Table 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2009
U.S. Companies
Reporting
Shipments
Year
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Shipments
Crystalline Silicon
Thin-Film Silicon
Total 2
Imports
Exports
Peak Kilowatts 3
Number
19
18
23
15
17
17
14
17
519
23
21
19
22
24
25
21
21
19
21
19
19
20
19
29
41
46
66
101
Prices 1
Trade
NA
NA
NA
5,461
5,806
5,613
7,364
10,747
12,492
14,205
14,457
20,146
24,785
29,740
33,996
44,314
47,186
73,461
85,155
84,651
104,123
97,940
159,138
172,965
233,518
310,330
665,795
984,161
NA
NA
NA
303
516
1,230
1,895
1,628
1,321
723
1,075
782
1,061
1,266
1,445
1,886
3,318
3,269
2,736
12,541
7,396
10,966
21,978
53,826
101,766
202,519
293,182
266,547
6,897
12,620
9,912
5,769
6,333
6,850
9,676
12,825
513,837
14,939
15,583
20,951
26,077
31,059
35,464
46,354
50,562
76,787
88,221
97,666
112,090
109,357
181,116
226,916
337,268
517,684
986,504
1,282,560
1 Prices equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges for advertising and
warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for the shipments.
2 Includes all types of photovoltaic cells and modules (single-crystal silicon, cast silicon, ribbon silicon,
thin-film silicon, and concentrator silicon). Excludes cells and modules for space and satellite applications.
3 See "Peak Kilowatt" and "Peak Watt" in Glossary.
5 Data were imputed for one nonrespondent who exited the industry during 1990.
NA=Not available.
Modules
Cells
Dollars 4 per Peak Watt 3

NA
NA
NA
285
678
921
1,453
826
1,398
2,059
1,602
1,767
1,960
1,337
1,864
1,853
1,931
4,784
8,821
10,204
7,297
9,731
47,703
90,981
173,977
238,018
586,558
743,414
NA
1,903
2,153
1,670
3,109
3,821
5,358
7,363
7,544
8,905
9,823
14,814
17,714
19,871
22,448
33,793
35,493
55,585
68,382
61,356
66,778
60,693
102,770
92,451
130,757
237,209
462,252
681,427
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.14
5.69
6.12
6.11
5.24
4.46
4.56
4.09
4.16
3.94
3.62
3.46
3.42
3.74
3.17
2.99
3.19
3.50
3.37
3.49
2.79
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.08
3.84
4.08
3.21
5.23
2.97
2.53
2.80
2.78
3.15
2.32
2.40
2.46
2.12
1.86
1.92
2.17
2.03
2.22
1.94
1.27
Note: Shipments data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that
subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers.
Activity, annual reports.
1993-2002EIA, Renewable Energy Annual, annual reports.

2003 forwardEIA, Solar Photovoltaic Cell/Module Manufacturing Activities (and predecessor reports),
annual reports.
309
Figure 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Domestic Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 2009
By End Use
700
600
585.2
500
400
300
200
100
0
Grid-Interactive
Electric Generation
8.1
3.5
1.8
1.0
Remote Electric
Generation
Original
Equipment
Manufacturers
Communications
Transportation
0.9
Water
Pumping
0.4
0.3
Health
Consumer
Goods
By Market Sector
300
282.3
250
221.2
200
150
100
53.6
50
43.4
0.5
0
Commercial
1
2
310
Residential
Electricity for general use that does not interact with the electrical distribution system.
Electric utilities and independent power producers.
Electric Power
Industrial
Transportation
Industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in Electric Power.
Source: Table 10.9.
Table 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 1989-2009
(Peak Kilowatts 1 )
By Market Sector
By End Use
Electricity Generation 2
Year
Residential
Commercial 3
Government
Industrial 4
Transportation
Electric
Power 5
Other 6
Commun- Consumer
Gridications
Goods
Interactive
Original
Equipment
Manufacturers 7
Transportation
Remote
Health
2,620
3,097
3,594
4,238
5,761
9,253
8,233
10,884
8,630
8,634
10,829
14,997
21,447
21,693
15,025
18,371
24,958
18,003
5
5
61
67
674
79
776
977
1,303
1,061
1,466
2,742
3,203
4,202
2,924
341
0
0
1,595
1,119
1,315
828
2,023
1,849
3,188
2,410
5,245
5,044
12,400
12,153
6,268
7,869
11,334
6,452
11,677
6,132
1,196
1,069
1,523
1,602
4,238
2,128
4,203
5,196
6,705
6,356
8,486
12,804
12,636
16,028
14,143
1,380
2,159
2,438
10,867
15,527
8,119
410
217
381
4,802
2,659
3,455
4,018
916
961
Water
Pumping
Other 8
Total
711
1,014
729
809
2,294
1,410
2,727
3,261
3,783
4,306
4,063
5,644
7,444
7,532
6,073
1,322
1,343
2,093
69
240
13
530
74
254
1,170
789
4,684
1,491
322
3,028
641
93
194
6,193
3,853
23,487
12,825
13,837
14,939
15,583
20,951
26,077
31,059
35,464
46,354
50,562
76,787
88,221
97,666
112,090
109,357
181,116
226,916
337,268
3,852
1,145
923
280,475
524,252
601,133
Total Shipments 9
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1,439
1,701
3,624
4,154
5,237
6,632
6,272
8,475
10,993
15,936
19,817
24,814
33,262
29,315
23,389
53,928
75,040
95,815
3,850
6,086
3,345
2,386
4,115
5,429
8,100
5,176
8,111
8,460
17,283
13,692
15,710
20,578
32,604
74,509
89,459
180,852
1,077
1,002
815
1,063
1,325
2,114
2,000
3,126
3,909
2,808
3,107
4,417
5,728
8,565
5,538
3,257
28,683
7,688
3,993
2,817
3,947
4,279
5,352
6,855
7,198
8,300
11,748
13,232
24,972
28,808
28,063
32,218
27,951
30,493
22,199
28,618
1,130
974
1,555
1,673
2,564
2,174
2,383
3,995
3,574
3,440
4,341
5,502
8,486
12,932
11,089
1,380
1,621
2,458
785
826
1,275
1,553
1,503
2,364
3,759
4,753
5,651
3,965
5,876
6,298
5,846
7,640
8,474
3,233
143
3,981
551
432
377
477
856
510
1,347
1,639
2,367
2,720
1,392
4,690
571
841
313
14,316
9,772
17,857
2,590
4,340
3,538
3,717
3,846
5,570
5,154
6,041
7,383
8,280
12,147
12,269
14,743
17,290
14,185
11,348
8,666
6,888
2,788
2,484
3,312
2,566
946
3,239
1,025
1,063
347
1,198
2,292
2,870
4,059
3,400
2,995
6,444
5,787
4,030
1,251
469
856
1,227
1,096
2,296
4,585
4,844
8,273
14,193
24,782
21,713
27,226
33,983
42,485
129,265
168,474
274,197
Domestic Shipments 9
2007
2008
2009
1
68,417
173,989
221,245
10140,434
10253,852
10282,273
( 10 )
( 10 )
( 10 )
32,702
51,493
43,445
3,627
9,100
534
35,294
35,819
53,636
2,836
2,622
1,817
See "Peak Killowatt" in Glossary.

Grid-interactive means connection to the electrical distribution system; remote means electricity for
general use that does not interact with the electrical distribution system, such as at an isolated residential
site or mobile home. The other end uses in this table also include electricity generation, but only for the
specific use cited.
3 Through 2006, data are for the commercial sector, excluding government, which is included in
"Government." Beginning in 2007, data are for the commercial sector, including government.
4 Through 2006, data are for the industrial sector and independent power producers. Beginning in
2007, data are for the industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in "Electric Power."
5 Through 2006, data are for electric utilities only; independent power producers are included in
"Industrial." Beginning in 2007, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
6 Through 2006, data are for shipments for specialty purposes such as research.
7 "Original Equipment Manufacturers" are non-photovoltaic manufacturers that combine photovoltaic
2
589
312
290
253,101
500,854
585,189
technology into existing or newly developed product lines.

8 Through 2006, includes applications such as cooking food, desalinization, and distilling.
9 Through 2006, data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that
subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. Beginning in 2007, data are for domestic
shipments only.
10 Beginning in 2007, the government sector is included in "Commercial."
=Not applicable.
Activity, annual reports.
1993-2002EIA, Renewable Energy Annual, annual reports.

2003 forwardEIA, Solar Photovoltaic Cell/Module Manufacturing Activities (and predecessor reports),
annual reports.
311
Renewable Energy
Note. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption. In Tables 1.1, 1.3, and
10.1, renewable energy consumption consists of: conventional hydroelectricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6); geothermal
electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table
A6), and geothermal heat pump and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and
photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6); wood and woodderived fuels consumption; biomass waste (municipal solid waste from biogenic
sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass)
consumption; fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption; and losses and
co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. In Tables 1.1, 1.2, and
10.1, renewable energy production is assumed to equal consumption for all renewable
energy sources except biofuels (biofuels production comprises biomass inputs to the
production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel).
Table 10.2a Sources
Residential Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat
Center.
Residential Sector, Solar/PV: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on Form EIA-63A, Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers
Survey, and Form EIA-63B, Annual Photovoltaic Module/Cell Manufacturers
Survey.
Residential Sector, Wood: 19491979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy
Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. 1980 forward: EIA, Form EIA-457,
Residential Energy Consumption Survey; and EIA estimates based on Form EIA457 and regional heating degree-day data.
Commercial Sector, Hydroelectric Power: EIA, Annual Energy Review (AER),
Tables 8.2d and A6.
Commercial Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat
Center.
Commercial Sector, Solar/PV: EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and A6.
Commercial Sector, Wind: 2009 and 2010: EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and A6.
Commercial Sector, Wood: 19491979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy
Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. 19801983: EIA, Estimates of U.S.
Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1. 1984: EIA estimate based on
the 1983 value. 19851988: Values interpolated. 1989 forward: EIA, AER,
Table 8.7c; and EIA estimates based on Form EIA-871, Commercial Buildings
Energy Consumption Survey.
Commercial Sector, Biomass Waste: EIA, AER, Table 8.7c.
312
Commercial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant): EIA, AER, Tables 5.11,
5.13a, and 10.3. Calculated as commercial sector motor gasoline consumption
(Table 5.13a) divided by total motor gasoline product supplied (Table 5.11), and
then multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption (Table 10.3).
Table 10.2b Sources
Industrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power: 19491988: U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Annual Energy Review (AER), Tables 8.1 and A6. 1989
forward: EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and A6.
Industrial Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat
Center.
Industrial Sector, Solar/PV: 2010: EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and A6.
Industrial Sector, Wood: 19491979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy
Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. 19801983: EIA, Estimates of U.S.
Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1. 1984: EIA, Estimates of
U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1. 1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.
1987: EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in the United States During 1987,
Table 2. 1988: Value interpolated. 1989 forward: EIA, AER, Table 8.7c; and
EIA estimates based on Form EIA-846, Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.
Industrial Sector, Biomass Waste: 1981: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels
Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption minus electric power sector
waste consumption (see AER, Table 10.2c). 1982 and 1983: EIA estimates for total
waste consumption based on Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990 Table 8,
minus electric power waste consumption (see AER, Table 10.2c). 1984: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption minus electric power sector waste consumption (see AER, Table 10.2c). 1985 and 1986: Values
interpolated. 1987: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, total
waste consumption minus electric power sector waste consumption (see AER, Table
10.2c). 1988: Value interpolated. 1989 forward: EIA, AER, Table 8.7c; and EIA,
estimates based on information presented in Government Advisory Associates, Resource
Recovery Yearbook and Methane Recovery Yearbook, and information provided by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Landfill Methane Outreach Program.
Industrial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant): EIA, AER, Tables 5.11,
5.13b, and 10.3. Calculated as industrial sector motor gasoline consumption (Table
5.13b) divided by total motor gasoline product supplied (Table 5.11), and then
multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption (Table 10.3).
Industrial Sector, Losses and Co-products: EIA, AER, Table 10.3 and 10.4.
Calculated as fuel ethanol losses and co-products (Table 10.3) plus biodiesel losses
and co-products (Table 10.4).
Transportation Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant): EIA, AER, Tables
5.11, 5.13c, and 10.3. Calculated as transportation sector motor gasoline consumption (Table 5.13c) divided by total motor gasoline product supplied (Table 5.11),
and then multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant)consumption (Table 10.3).
Transportation Sector, Biodiesel: EIA, AER, Table 10.4.
11. Environment
Figure 11.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases

Based on Global Warming Potential, by Type of Gas, 2009
6
5.45
Billion Metric Tons of Gas
5
4
3
2
1
0
Carbon Dioxide
0.03
(s)
--
Methane
Nitrous Oxide
HFCs
PFCs
SF6
6
5.45
5
4
3
2
1
0.73
0.22
0.18
Nitrous Oxide
HFCs
PFCs
SF6
0
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Change 1990-2009, Based on Global Warming Potential

90
8
Total
Carbon Dioxide
+75
75
60
45
Percent
Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
Based on Global Warming Potential, 1990-2009
Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
By Type of Gas, 2009
30
15
+8
+7
0
Other
-5
(ss)
-15
0
1990
-30
1995
2000
2005
1
Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.
2
Methane, nitrous oxide, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6.
(s)=Less than 0.005 billion metric tons of gas.
(ss)= Less than 0.5 percent.
314
Carbon
Dioxide
Methane
Nitrous
Oxide
HFCs
PFCs
SF6
Total
- - = Not applicable because these gases cannot be summed in native units.

Notes: HFCs=hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs=perfluorocarbons; and SF6=sulfur hexafluoride.
Emissions by type of gas should not be compared; for comparison, see emissions based on
global warming potential by type of gas.
Source: Table 11.1.
Table 11.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1990-2009

Greenhouse Gases, Based on Global Warming Potential 1
Greenhouse Gases
Carbon Dioxide 2,3
Energy
Related 4
U.S.
Territories 5
Bunker
Fuels 6
Year
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Other
Sources 7
Total
Methane
Nitrous
Oxide
HFCs
PFCs
SF6
Carbon
Dioxide 2,3
Million Metric Tons of Gas

R5,039
R4,996
R5,093
R5,185
R5,258
R5,314
R5,501
R5,575
R5,622
R5,682
R5,867
R5,759
R5,809
R5,857
R5,975
R5,996
R5,918
R6,022
R5,838
5,425
32
36
36
38
41
39
38
39
41
41
43
54
53
57
61
58
R60
R57
R50
47
-114
-121
-111
R-101
-99
-102
-103
-111
-116
R-111
R-107
R-103
R-93
R-90
R-106
R-103
R-122
R-125
R-126
-113
85
86
88
94
97
102
104
104
96
97
98
97
98
99
102
103
106
R105
104
87
Methane
Nitrous
Oxide
HFCs
PFCs
SF6
Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
R5,041
R30.8
R0.7
R4,997
R30.8
R.7
R5,106
R30.9
R.8
R5,217
R29.8
R.8
R5,297
R29.8
R.8
R5,353
R29.3
R.8
R5,540
R28.9
R.8
R5,608
R28.3
R.8
R5,644
R27.5
R.7
R5,709
R26.8
R.7
R5,900
R26.5
R.7
R5,808
R26.0
R.7
R5,867
R26.0
R.7
R5,923
R26.4
R.7
R6,031
R26.5
R.7
R6,055
R26.8
R.8
R5,962
R27.1
R.8
R6,060
R27.6
R.8
R5,866
R29.0
R.7
5,446
29.2
.7
1 Emissions of greenhouse gases are weighted based upon their relative global warming potential
(GWP), with carbon dioxide equal to a weight of one (see 100-year net global warming potentials at
http://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/ghg_report/pdf/tbl5.pdf). See "Global Warming Potential" in
Glossary.
2 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by
12/44.
3 Excludes carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Note, "Accounting for
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of section.
4 U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from: fossil fuel combustion; the nonfuel use of fossil fuels; and electric
power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass waste. Geographic coverage is the 50 States
and the District of Columbia.
5 U.S. Territories energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. Geographic coverage is American Samoa,
Guam, Puerto Rico, U.S. Pacific Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Wake Island. According to the "United
Nations Framework on Climate Change" (UNFCC), emissions from the U.S. Territories are included in the
U.S. inventory.
6 U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from bunker fuels (marine, aviation, and military). According to the
UNFCC, emissions from bunker fuels are excluded from the U.S. inventory.
7 U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from: cement manufacture; limestone consumption; flaring of natural
R5,041
R769
R221
R4,997
R770
R223
R5,106
R772
R228
R5,217
R744
R229
R5,297
R745
R241
R5,353
R733
R236
R5,540
R722
R238
R5,608
R706
R224
R5,644
R688
R222
R5,709
R669
R220
R5,900
R663
R218
R5,808
R649
R211
R5,867
R651
R210
R5,923
R661
R212
R6,031
R662
R222
R6,055
R669
R224
R5,962
R679
R224
R6,060
R691
R229
R5,866
R724
R223
5,446
731
220
102
93
R97
97
100
119
130
R138
R154
R152
R154
R141
R152
R145
R157
R161
R164
R171
R170
178
Total
2
R6,133
R6,083
R6,204
R6,287
R6,384
R6,442
R6,630
R6,676
R6,708
R6,750
R6,935
R6,809
R6,880
R6,941
R7,072
R7,109
R7,027
R7,150
R6,983
6,575
gas at the wellhead, and carbon dioxide scrubbed from natural gas; soda ash manufacture and
consumption; carbon dioxide manufacture; aluminum manufacture; shale oil production; and waste
combustion in the commercial and industrial sectors.
R=Revised. =Not applicable because these gases cannot be summed in native units.
Notes: HFCs = hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs = perfluorocarbons; and SF6 = sulfur hexafluoride.
Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of human
activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestock. Emissions from natural
sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. Because of the continuing goal to improve
estimation methods for greenhouse gases, data are frequently revised on an annual basis in keeping with
the latest findings of the international scientific community. Revisions reflect updates to GWP estimates, as
well as to energy consumption data and updated emission factors, where applicable. Totals may not
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.
Sources: Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide: Table 11.2. Total Carbon Dioxide (columns 5 and 9):
Calculated as the sum of columns 1-4. Methane (column 6): Table 11.4. Nitrous Oxide (column 7):
Table 11.5. Total Greenhouse Gases: Calculated as the sum of columns 9-12. All Other Data: U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2009
(March 2011), Tables 1, 15, and 16.
315
Figure 11.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption

Total 1949-2010
Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 1949-2010

800
6
600
5
4
2010: 5.6
Billion Metric
Tons
1990: 5.0
Billion Metric
Tons
Index 1949=100
Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide
400
Energy-Related
Carbon Dioxide
Emissions
200
1
0
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1950
2010
0.20
2.5
2.0
Coal
1.5
Natural Gas
1.0
0.5
0.0
Petroleum
1970
1980
1990
1960
1970
2000
2010
0.186
0.15
0.10
0.074
0.05
0.041
0.002
0.00
1950
1980
1990
2000
2010
Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions.
See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of
section.
316
1960
By Biomass Source, 2010
3.0
Real
Gross Domestic Product
Wood
Fuel Ethanol
Waste
Biodiesel
2
3
Based on chained (2005) dollars.
Sources: Tables 1.5, 11.2, and 11.3a-11.3e.
Table 11.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1)
Biomass 2
Petroleum
Year
Coal 3
Natural
Gas 4
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
1,118
1,152
1,038
915
1,075
1,134
1,181
1,266
1,300
1,298
1,410
1,436
1,485
1,433
1,488
1,598
1,638
1,617
1,691
1,775
1,795
R1,821
R1,807
R1,822
R1,882
R1,893
R1,913
R1,995
R2,040
R2,064
R2,062
R2,155
R2,088
R2,095
R2,136
R2,160
R2,182
R2,147
R2,172
R2,139
R1,876
1,985
270
313
472
650
828
1,144
1,047
1,068
1,046
1,050
1,085
1,063
1,036
963
901
962
926
866
920
962
1,022
1,025
1,047
1,082
1,110
1,134
1,184
1,205
1,211
1,189
1,192
1,241
1,187
1,229
1,191
1,194
1,175
1,157
1,235
R1,243
R1,218
1,285
Aviation Distillate
Gasoline Fuel Oil 5
12
14
24
21
15
7
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
140
168
247
291
330
394
443
488
520
533
514
446
439
415
418
443
445
453
463
487
491
470
454
464
473
492
498
524
534
538
555
580
598
587
610
632
640
648
652
615
564
589
Jet
Fuel
Kerosene
LPG 6
Lubricants
NA
NA
21
53
87
141
146
144
152
154
157
156
147
148
153
172
178
191
202
212
218
223
215
213
215
224
222
232
234
238
245
254
243
237
231
240
246
240
238
226
204
209
42
48
48
41
40
39
24
25
26
26
28
24
19
19
19
17
17
15
14
14
13
6
7
6
7
7
8
9
10
12
11
10
11
6
8
10
10
8
5
2
3
3
13
16
27
42
57
78
82
86
85
83
95
87
85
85
85
88
86
83
82
83
82
69
71
77
76
79
78
84
85
75
91
102
92
98
95
98
94
93
94
89
91
92
7
9
10
10
11
11
11
13
13
14
15
13
13
11
12
13
12
12
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
13
13
12
13
14
14
14
13
12
11
12
12
11
12
11
10
11
Motor
Petroleum Residual
Gasoline 7
Coke
Fuel Oil Other 8
329
357
473
543
627
789
911
955
979
1,011
960
900
899
892
904
914
930
958
982
1,003
1,000
988
982
999
1,015
1,022
1,044
1,063
1,075
1,107
1,127
1,135
1,151
1,183
1,188
1,214
1,214
1,224
1,227
1,166
1,157
1,150
12/44.
2 Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are excluded from total emissions in this
table. See Note, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of
section.
3 Includes coal coke net imports.
4 Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.
5 Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.
7 Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.
8 Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending components, pentanes
plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas, unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous
petroleum products.
9 Includes electric power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass waste. See Table 11.3e.
8
8
13
29
39
41
48
47
52
50
48
46
48
49
48
51
55
56
60
63
62
67
66
74
76
74
75
78
79
89
93
84
88
94
94
105
105
104
98
92
87
77
244
273
274
275
289
396
443
506
553
544
509
453
376
309
255
247
216
255
227
249
246
220
207
196
193
183
152
152
142
158
148
163
145
125
138
155
164
122
129
111
91
98
25
26
38
45
65
85
97
103
115
127
139
142
93
80
98
106
93
98
106
119
118
127
117
135
114
124
114
132
138
125
130
117
132
127
140
142
141
150
148
130
111
121
Total
Total 2,9
820
918
1,175
1,349
1,559
1,983
2,209
2,372
2,500
2,548
2,469
2,272
2,122
2,011
1,995
2,053
2,035
2,125
2,152
2,246
2,246
R2,187
R2,134
R2,180
2,184
R2,221
R2,207
2,290
2,313
R2,358
2,417
2,461
2,473
R2,472
R2,518
R2,609
R2,628
R2,603
R2,603
R2,444
R2,320
2,351
2,207
2,382
2,685
2,914
3,462
4,261
4,437
4,705
4,846
4,896
4,964
4,770
4,642
4,406
4,383
4,613
4,600
4,608
4,764
4,982
5,067
R5,039
R4,996
R5,093
R5,185
R5,258
R5,314
R5,501
R5,575
R5,622
R5,682
R5,867
R5,759
R5,809
R5,857
R5,975
R5,996
R5,918
R6,022
R5,838
R5,425
5,633
Wood 10
145
147
134
124
125
134
140
161
172
191
202
232
234
235
252
252
252
240
231
242
251
208
208
217
212
218
222
229
222
205
208
212
188
187
188
199
200
198
197
192
176
186
Fuel
Waste 11 Ethanol 12
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
7
10
13
14
16
18
19
22
24
26
27
28
29
30
32
30
30
29
27
33
36
36
35
37
36
37
40
41
41
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
1
2
3
3
4
5
5
5
4
5
6
7
7
8
6
7
8
8
9
10
12
16
20
23
31
39
55
62
74
Biodiesel
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
2
3
3
3
2
145
147
134
124
125
134
141
161
172
191
202
232
240
244
264
267
270
260
253
266
278
237
239
250
246
255
260
266
259
242
245
248
231
235
240
255
261
267
277
289
283
304
10

other biomass.
12 Fuel ethanol minus denaturant.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.
Notes: Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption, including the
nonfuel use of fossil fuels. See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#environment for all data beginning in
1949. For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment. For related
information, see http://www.eia.gov/environment/.
Sources: 1949-1972U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on data in
Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1b-2.1f, 5.12, 7.3, 7.8, 10.2a-10.2c, and A5. 1973 forwardEIA,
Monthly Energy Review (April 2011), Tables 12.1 and 12.7.
11
317
Figure 11.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2010
Residential, by Major Source
Commercial, by Major Source

1,000
Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide
1,000
Retail Electricity
750
500
Natural Gas
250
Petroleum
Retail Electricity
500
250
Natural Gas
Petroleum
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Industrial, by Major Source
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2000
2010
Transportation, by Major Source

2,500
Retail Electricity
750
Natural Gas
500
Petroleum
250
Coal
1,000
750
2,000
Petroleum
1,500
1,000
500
Natural Gas
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
1
Emissions from energy consumption in the electric power sector are allocated to the enduse sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total electricity retail sales (see Tables 8.9
and 11.3e).
318
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2
3
Includes coal coke net imports.
Source: Tables 11.3a-11.3e.
Table 11.3a Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Biomass 2
Petroleum
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
121
120
83
56
34
20
6
6
5
5
4
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Natural
Gas 3
55
66
117
170
214
265
266
273
261
264
268
256
245
250
238
247
241
234
234
251
260
238
248
255
269
263
263
284
270
247
257
271
259
266
276
264
262
237
257
R266
259
269
Distillate
Fuel Oil 4
51
61
87
115
125
137
132
145
146
143
119
96
84
77
68
80
80
81
85
87
85
72
68
72
71
70
66
68
64
56
61
66
66
63
66
68
62
52
53
49
44
46
Kerosene
21
25
27
26
24
22
12
13
12
11
10
8
6
7
6
12
11
9
9
10
8
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
7
8
8
7
7
4
5
6
6
5
3
2
2
2
Liquefied
Petroleum Gases
7
9
13
19
24
35
32
34
33
32
21
20
19
18
22
18
20
19
22
22
24
22
24
23
25
24
25
30
29
27
33
35
33
34
34
32
32
28
31
35
35
35
12/44.
section.
5 Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in the
electric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total
electricity retail sales. See Tables 8.9 and 11.3e.
Total
80
R95
R127
R160
R174
R194
R176
R192
R191
R186
R150
R124
R109
R102
R95
R109
R111
R109
R115
R119
117
R98
R97
R100
R101
R99
R96
R104
R99
R91
R102
R108
R106
R101
R106
R106
R101
R85
R87
R85
R81
84
Retail
Electricity 5
66
69
110
156
223
355
419
442
478
484
496
529
522
518
531
542
553
558
581
609
625
R624
R633
R624
R667
R668
R678
R710
R719
R759
R762
R805
R805
R835
R847
R856
R897
R869
R897
R878
R819
878
Total 2
R321
R350
R436
R542
R644
R833
R867
R913
R935
R938
R918
911
R878
R873
R867
R902
R909
R905
R934
R982
R1,005
R963
R980
R981
R1,040
R1,032
R1,039
R1,099
R1,090
R1,097
R1,122
R1,185
R1,172
R1,204
R1,230
R1,228
R1,261
R1,192
R1,242
R1,229
1,159
1,231
Wood 6
99
94
73
59
44
38
40
45
51
58
68
80
82
91
91
92
95
86
80
85
86
54
57
60
52
49
49
51
40
36
37
39
35
36
38
38
40
37
40
42
40
39
Total 6
99
94
73
59
44
38
40
45
51
58
68
80
82
91
91
92
95
86
80
85
86
54
57
60
52
49
49
51
40
36
37
39
35
36
38
38
40
37
40
42
40
39

Notes: Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption. See "Carbon
Dioxide" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1b, 5.14a, 8.9, 10.2a, and 11.3e. 1973 forwardEIA, Monthly Energy
Review (April 2011), Tables 12.2 and 12.7.
319
Table 11.3b Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Biomass 2
Petroleum
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
148
147
76
39
25
16
14
14
14
16
14
11
13
15
15
16
13
13
12
12
11
12
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
9
10
9
9
9
8
10
9
6
7
7
6
5
Natural
Gas 3
19
21
35
56
79
131
136
144
135
140
150
141
136
141
132
137
132
126
132
145
148
142
148
152
155
157
164
171
174
164
165
173
164
171
173
170
163
154
164
R171
169
174
Distillate
Fuel Oil 4
16
19
28
36
39
43
43
48
49
49
43
38
33
32
48
54
46
46
44
44
42
39
38
37
36
37
35
35
32
31
32
36
37
32
35
34
33
29
28
27
30
32
Kerosene
3
3
4
3
4
4
4
3
4
4
6
3
5
2
8
3
2
4
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
LPG 5
2
2
3
5
6
9
8
9
9
8
6
6
5
5
6
5
6
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
7
9
9
9
9
10
10
8
8
8
10
9
9
Motor
Gasoline 6
7
7
9
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
7
8
7
6
7
8
7
8
8
8
7
8
6
6
2
2
1
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
3
4
4
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
12/44.
section.
320
Residual
Fuel Oil
28
33
38
44
51
56
39
45
46
42
40
44
33
31
16
21
18
23
21
21
18
18
17
15
14
14
11
11
9
7
6
7
6
6
9
10
9
6
6
6
6
7
Total
55
R66
R82
R93
R106
R119
R100
111
115
110
R102
98
83
77
85
90
79
85
83
R81
76
R73
68
65
R60
60
56
57
R54
R51
R51
R58
R57
R52
59
58
R55
R48
R47
46
R49
51
Retail
Electricity 7
58
63
88
124
177
268
333
358
380
381
395
412
431
432
439
461
480
487
509
534
559
R566
R567
R567
R593
R605
R620
R643
R686
R724
R735
R783
R797
R795
R796
R816
R842
R836
R861
R850
R785
805
Total 2
280
R297
R281
R312
R387
R534
583
627
645
R648
661
662
R663
R665
671
704
704
R711
R736
772
794
R793
R794
R796
R819
R833
R851
R883
R926
R947
R960
R1,022
R1,027
R1,027
R1,036
R1,054
R1,069
R1,043
R1,079
R1,074
R1,008
1,035
Wood 8
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
7
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
6
6
7
7
7
6
7
7
7
7
Waste 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Fuel
Ethanol 10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
Total
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
9
8
8
9
9
9
9
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
9
9
10
10
10
other biomass.
Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1c, 5.14a, 8.9, 10.2a, and 11.3e. 1973 forwardEIA, Monthly Energy
Review (MER) (April 2011), Tables 12.3 and 12.7, and MER data system calculations.
Table 11.3c Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
500
531
516
418
471
427
336
335
316
304
329
289
290
235
230
262
256
245
248
263
259
258
244
235
233
235
233
227
224
219
208
211
204
188
190
191
183
179
175
168
131
151
Coal
Coke
Net
Imports
-1
(s)
-1
-1
-2
-7
2
(s)
2
14
7
-4
-2
-2
-2
-1
-2
-2
1
5
3
1
1
4
3
7
7
3
5
8
7
7
3
7
6
16
5
7
3
5
-3
-1
Biomass 2
Petroleum
Natural
Gas 3
166
184
244
310
380
494
442
453
447
442
442
431
422
364
347
380
360
338
371
389
411
432
439
456
464
465
490
506
506
495
474
481
439
449
430
R431
398
394
R406
407
383
408
Distillate
Fuel Oil 4
41
51
72
74
83
89
97
111
125
127
128
96
101
95
83
87
81
84
83
82
83
84
79
81
81
81
82
86
88
88
86
87
95
88
83
88
92
92
92
93
80
84
Kerosene
LPG 5
Lubricants
18
20
17
12
12
13
9
9
10
11
13
13
8
10
5
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
3
2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
4
10
17
24
31
39
41
40
40
66
61
58
60
55
62
58
56
53
54
49
39
39
45
43
46
45
46
48
39
48
56
49
54
50
55
51
56
54
42
46
46
3
3
4
4
5
6
6
6
7
7
8
7
6
6
6
7
6
6
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
7
7
6
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
Motor
Petroleum
Gasoline 6
Coke
16
18
24
27
24
21
16
15
14
13
11
11
11
10
8
11
15
15
15
14
14
13
14
14
13
14
14
14
15
14
11
11
21
22
23
26
25
26
21
17
17
16
Residual
Fuel Oil
8
8
13
29
39
39
48
47
52
48
47
45
47
48
48
50
54
55
59
61
60
64
63
70
68
67
67
70
68
77
81
74
77
76
76
82
80
82
80
76
73
62
12/44.
section.
7 Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending components, pentanes
plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas, unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous
petroleum products.
95
110
122
123
123
126
117
141
150
133
128
105
83
81
61
68
57
57
45
42
31
31
24
28
33
31
24
24
21
16
14
17
14
13
15
17
20
16
13
14
7
8
Other 7
25
26
38
45
65
85
97
103
115
127
139
142
93
80
98
106
93
98
106
119
118
127
117
135
114
124
114
132
138
125
130
117
132
127
140
142
141
150
148
130
111
121
Total
Retail
Electricity 8
209
239
299
R329
R376
R410
R427
R474
R513
R506
R540
R480
R408
R390
R362
R394
R369
R373
R369
R381
R365
R366
R342
R380
R360
R371
R355
R381
R386
R368
R378
R370
R395
R388
R394
R419
R417
R430
R415
R377
339
343
120
140
222
252
328
434
490
549
582
580
612
601
597
529
549
582
583
566
587
611
638
R638
R627
R649
R655
R668
R659
R678
R694
R706
R704
R719
R667
R654
R672
R675
R673
R650
R662
R642
R551
583
Total 2
R995
R1,095
R1,281
R1,308
R1,553
R1,759
R1,696
R1,811
R1,860
R1,846
R1,931
R1,797
R1,715
R1,515
R1,486
R1,617
R1,566
R1,520
R1,575
R1,648
R1,677
R1,695
R1,653
R1,724
R1,715
R1,745
R1,743
R1,795
R1,815
R1,796
R1,772
R1,788
R1,709
R1,686
R1,692
R1,731
R1,675
R1,661
R1,662
R1,598
R1,401
1,485
Wood 9
44
50
59
64
80
96
100
114
120
131
132
150
150
142
159
157
154
151
148
152
149
135
132
137
139
148
155
158
162
150
152
153
135
131
128
138
136
138
133
126
112
123
Fuel
Waste 10 Ethanol 11
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5
7
9
12
14
16
17
19
12
12
11
10
11
11
11
12
10
10
9
8
12
13
13
12
13
12
13
13
14
15
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
Total
44
50
59
64
80
96
100
114
120
131
132
150
156
149
168
170
168
167
165
171
161
147
143
148
150
160
166
170
172
160
161
161
147
144
141
151
150
151
146
140
127
139

other biomass.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 and greater than -0.5 million metric
tons of carbon dioxide.
Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1d, 5.14b, 8.9, 10.2b, and 11.3e. 1973 forwardEIA, Monthly Energy
10
321
Table 11.3d Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Biomass 2
Petroleum
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
161
146
39
7
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
Natural
Gas 3
NA
7
13
19
27
40
32
30
29
29
32
34
35
32
27
29
28
26
28
34
34
36
33
32
34
38
38
39
41
35
36
36
35
37
33
32
33
33
35
37
R34
36
Aviation
Gasoline
12
14
24
21
15
7
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Distillate
Fuel Oil 4
30
35
58
65
80
115
155
167
182
196
213
204
212
204
213
216
232
235
244
265
270
268
263
269
278
295
307
327
342
352
366
378
387
394
414
434
444
469
472
440
404
421
Jet
Fuel
NA
NA
21
53
87
141
145
143
149
153
156
155
147
148
153
172
178
191
202
212
218
223
215
213
215
224
222
232
234
238
245
254
243
237
231
240
246
240
238
226
204
209
LPG 5
(s)
(s)
1
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
2
2
Lubricants
4
5
6
6
6
5
6
6
6
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
5
5
5
12/44.
section.
322
Motor
Gasoline 6
306
332
439
511
597
763
889
933
958
991
941
881
881
876
888
895
908
936
959
981
979
967
962
979
1,000
1,007
1,029
1,047
1,057
1,090
1,115
1,121
1,127
1,158
1,161
1,185
1,186
1,194
1,201
1,146
1,137
1,130
Residual
Fuel Oil
91
95
80
66
61
60
56
65
72
78
97
110
96
80
65
64
62
69
71
72
77
80
81
84
71
70
72
67
56
53
52
70
46
53
45
58
66
71
78
72
64
71
Total
443
481
R629
723
847
1,093
1,258
1,322
1,375
1,433
R1,420
1,363
1,348
1,319
1,330
1,358
1,391
R1,443
1,487
1,542
R1,554
1,548
R1,532
R1,556
R1,574
R1,607
R1,639
1,683
1,699
R1,743
1,789
1,833
1,813
R1,851
R1,861
R1,926
R1,953
R1,984
R1,999
R1,895
R1,818
1,840
Retail
Electricity 7
6
6
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
R5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Total 2
611
640
687
R751
878
1,136
R1,292
1,354
1,406
R1,464
1,454
1,400
1,385
1,354
1,359
1,390
1,421
1,472
1,519
1,579
1,591
R1,588
R1,568
R1,592
1,611
R1,647
R1,681
1,725
1,744
R1,782
1,828
R1,872
R1,852
R1,892
R1,899
R1,962
R1,991
R2,022
R2,040
R1,937
R1,857
1,881
Fuel
Ethanol 8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
1
2
3
3
4
5
5
5
4
5
5
6
7
8
6
7
8
8
9
10
11
16
20
22
30
38
54
61
73
Biodiesel
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
2
3
3
3
2
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
1
2
3
3
4
5
5
5
4
5
5
6
7
8
6
7
8
8
9
10
12
16
20
23
33
42
57
64
75
9 Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are reported as industrial
sector consumption.
Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1e, 5.14c, 8.9, 10.2b, and 11.3e. 1973 forwardEIA, Monthly Energy
Table 11.3e Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Biomass 2
Petroleum
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
187
206
324
396
546
678
824
911
962
960
1,056
1,137
1,180
1,182
1,242
1,318
1,367
1,357
1,427
1,492
1,519
R1,548
R1,548
R1,570
R1,633
R1,639
R1,661
R1,752
R1,797
R1,828
R1,836
R1,927
R1,870
R1,890
R1,931
R1,943
R1,984
R1,954
R1,987
R1,959
R1,741
1,828
Natural
Gas 3
30
35
63
95
127
215
172
167
174
175
192
200
198
176
158
170
166
142
155
143
168
176
179
186
188
211
228
205
219
248
260
281
290
306
278
297
319
338
372
362
373
399
Distillate
Fuel Oil 4
2
2
2
2
2
10
17
18
21
20
13
12
9
7
7
6
6
6
7
8
11
7
6
5
6
9
8
8
8
10
10
13
12
9
12
8
8
5
7
5
5
6
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
5
8
7
8
8
10
13
11
10
11
18
18
23
25
22
17
16
14
15
Residual
Fuel Oil
30
35
35
42
55
154
231
255
285
291
244
194
163
116
113
94
79
107
91
114
121
92
86
69
76
68
45
50
56
82
76
69
79
52
69
69
69
28
31
19
14
12
Total
33
37
37
43
57
166
248
273
306
313
258
207
173
123
121
101
86
114
99
123
134
102
95
79
90
84
61
66
75
105
97
91
102
79
98
100
102
56
55
40
34
33
12/44.
section.
5 Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels.
Geothermal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
NonBiomass
Waste 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4
6
7
8
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
13
11
11
11
12
11
12
R11
11
Total 2
250
278
424
535
730
1,059
1,244
1,351
1,442
1,448
1,505
1,544
1,551
1,481
1,521
1,588
1,619
1,613
1,680
1,758
1,826
R1,831
R1,830
R1,843
R1,919
R1,944
R1,960
R2,033
R2,101
R2,192
R2,204
R2,310
R2,273
R2,288
R2,319
R2,352
R2,417
R2,359
R2,426
R2,374
R2,159
2,271
Wood 6
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
1
1
9
12
12
13
14
14
12
13
13
13
13
13
12
14
16
15
17
17
17
17
17
18
Waste 7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
8
11
13
15
15
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
19
21
21
20
20
21
22
23
24
23
Total
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
17
23
25
28
29
30
28
30
30
30
30
29
31
35
37
36
37
38
39
40
41
41
other biomass.
Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1f, 5.14c, and 10.2c. 1973 forwardEIA, Monthly Energy Review
(MER) (April 2011), Table 12.6 and MER data system calculations.
323
Figure 11.4 Methane Emissions

Total, 1980-2009
By Source, 2009
15
30
30.8 in
1990
20
29.2 in
2009
10
0
1980
Million Metric Tons of Methane
40
12.1
10
8.6
8.3
0.2
0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Energy Sources by Type 1980-2009
Energy
Agricultural
Waste
Industrial
Sources
Sources
Management
Processes
Agricultural Sources by Major Type, 1980-2009
4
Coal Mining
Mobile
Combustion5
Petroleum Systems
Stationary
Combustion4
0
1980
1
1985
324
Enteric Fermentation6
Animal Waste
Rice Cultivation
1990
1995
2000
2005
Chemical production, and iron and steel production.

Natural gas production, processing, and distribution.
3
Petroleum production, refining, and distribution.
4
Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.
2
Natural Gas Systems
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Emissions from passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and other transport.
Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and
swine.
Source: Table 11.4.
6
Table 11.4 Methane Emissions, 1980-2009

(Million Metric Tons of Methane)
Energy Sources
Year
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Mining
3.06
2.81
3.23
3.02
3.61
3.89
3.73
4.01
3.94
3.96
R4.07
4.09
4.05
R3.29
R3.35
R3.31
R3.30
R3.28
R3.29
3.11
R2.98
R2.97
2.79
2.79
R2.86
2.81
R2.86
2.84
3.28
3.44
Natural
Gas
Systems 1
R4.42
R5.02
R5.04
R5.00
R5.11
R5.16
R5.04
R5.14
R5.29
R5.46
R5.78
R6.00
R6.07
R6.03
R6.08
R6.17
R6.20
R6.47
R6.45
R6.47
R6.77
R6.59
R6.90
R6.86
R6.93
R6.91
R7.00
R7.26
R7.37
7.32
Waste Management
Petroleum
Systems 2
Mobile
Combustion 3
Stationary
Combustion 4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.30
1.31
1.26
1.21
1.17
R1.16
1.14
1.14
1.11
1.04
1.03
1.03
1.02
1.01
.96
.92
.91
.90
.88
.94
0.28
.27
.27
.27
.27
.26
.26
.25
.25
.25
R.22
R.21
R.20
R.20
R.19
R.20
R.20
R.20
R.19
R.18
R.17
R.16
R.15
R.14
R.14
R.13
R.12
R.12
R.11
.11
0.45
.45
.46
.46
.48
.48
R.46
.43
.46
.48
.37
.37
.38
.36
.35
.35
.36
.33
.30
.31
.33
.30
.30
.31
R.31
.32
.30
.31
R.33
.31
Total 5
R8.20
R8.55
R9.01
R8.76
R9.46
R9.79
R9.48
R9.85
R9.95
R10.15
R11.72
R11.98
R11.97
11.08
R11.15
R11.20
R11.20
R11.42
R11.34
R11.11
R11.27
R11.05
R11.16
R11.11
R11.20
R11.08
R11.19
R11.43
R11.97
12.12
Agricultural Sources
Landfills
Wastewater
Treatment 6
Total 5
Enteric
Fermentation 7
10.52
10.69
R10.63
10.67
10.68
10.65
10.53
10.63
R10.51
R10.43
R10.31
R10.00
R9.84
R9.58
R9.25
R8.62
R8.19
R7.45
R6.80
R6.21
R5.93
R5.65
R5.58
R5.97
R5.80
R6.02
R6.18
R6.40
R6.90
7.19
0.52
.53
.54
.54
.66
.67
.67
.68
.69
.70
.91
.93
.95
.96
.98
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.06
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.10
1.11
R1.12
1.12
11.04
11.22
11.17
11.21
R11.33
11.32
R11.20
11.31
R11.20
11.13
R11.23
R10.93
R10.79
R10.54
R10.23
R9.61
R9.19
R8.47
R7.83
R7.25
R6.98
R6.70
R6.64
R7.03
R6.88
R7.09
R7.27
R7.51
R8.02
8.31
5.47
5.56
5.50
5.46
5.33
5.27
5.13
5.08
5.10
5.08
R5.58
R5.61
R5.77
R5.77
R5.90
R5.96
R5.95
R5.72
R5.65
R5.64
R5.60
R5.53
R5.54
R5.61
R5.62
R5.71
R5.77
R5.80
R5.93
5.80
1 Natural gas production, processing, and distribution; processing is not included in 1980 and is
incompletely covered in 1981-1989.
2 Petroleum production, refining, and distribution.
3 Emissions from passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and other transport.
4 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.
5 See notes on components for specific coverage, which is inconsistent prior to 1990 in some cases.
6 1980-1983, domestic wastewater only; 1984 forward, industrial and domestic wastewater.
7 Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and swine.
8 Estimation methods for 1990 forward reflect a shift in waste management away from liquid systems to
dry-lot systems, thus lowering emissions.
9 Chemical production, and iron and steel production.
Notes: Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of
Animal
Waste 8
R2.87
R2.73
R2.63
R2.68
R2.60
R2.56
R2.51
R2.56
R2.60
R1.68
R1.59
R1.64
R1.68
R1.73
R1.81
R1.84
R1.84
R1.91
R1.97
R1.97
R1.96
R1.98
R1.99
R2.00
R2.02
R2.18
R2.25
R2.24
R2.37
2.33
Rice
Cultivation
Crop
Residue
Burning
0.48
.54
.47
.31
.40
.36
.34
.33
.41
.38
.40
.40
.45
.41
.48
.44
.41
.45
.47
.50
.44
.47
.44
.43
.47
.46
.39
.39
R.43
.45
0.04
.05
.05
R.04
R.05
R.05
.04
.04
R.05
R.05
R.05
R.05
R.05
.04
.05
R.05
R.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
R.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.06
Total 5
R8.86
R8.88
R8.65
R8.49
R8.38
R8.23
R8.02
R8.02
R8.14
R7.18
R7.62
R7.69
R7.95
R7.96
R8.23
R8.28
R8.25
R8.13
R8.14
R8.16
R8.05
R8.02
R8.03
R8.08
R8.16
R8.40
R8.47
R8.49
R8.79
8.64
Industrial
Processes 9
0.17
.18
.13
.15
R.16
R.15
.16
.17
R.18
.18
.18
.19
.19
.20
.21
.22
R.22
R.23
R.23
R.24
R.22
.20
.21
R.20
R.22
.20
R.20
.21
R.18
.17
Total 5
R28.27
R28.82
R28.97
R28.62
R29.34
R29.49
R28.87
R29.34
R29.47
R28.64
R30.75
R30.78
R30.90
R29.77
R29.82
R29.31
R28.87
R28.26
R27.54
R26.76
R26.53
R25.97
R26.03
R26.43
R26.46
R26.77
R27.14
R27.64
R28.97
29.24
human activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestock. Emissions from
natural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. Under certain conditions, methane
may be produced via anaerobic decomposition of organic materials in landfills, animal wastes, and rice
paddies. Because of the continuing goal to improve estimation methods for greenhouse gases, data are
frequently revised on an annual basis in keeping with the latest findings of the international scientific
community. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United
States 2009 (March 2011), Tables 17-21; and EIA estimates based on the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Changes Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006 and revised 1996
guidelines)see http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs6.html; and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agencys Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 19902008 (April 2010)see
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.html.
325
Figure 11.5 Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Total, 1980-2009
By Source, 2009
600
0.6
0.7 in
2009
0.7 in
1990
0.3
0.0
1980
Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide
Million Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide
0.9
540
400
200
1985
1990
1995
2000
Waste
Management
Agricultural
Sources
Energy
Sources
Agricultural Sources by Major Type, 1980-2009

800
140
18
Industrial
Processes
2005
160
Mobile Combustion
120
100
80
60
Stationary Combustion
40
1985
1990
1995
2000
600
Nitrogen Fertilization of Soils
400
200
Solid Waste of Domesticated Animals
0
1980
2005
1
Adipic acid production (primarily for the manufacture of nylon fibers and plastics) and nitric
acid production (primarily for fertilizers).
2
Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm and
construction equipment.
326
36
Energy Sources by Type, 1980-2009
20
1980
143
1985
1990
1995
2000
Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.
Source: Table 11.5.
2005
Table 11.5 Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2009

(Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide)
Energy Sources
Year
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Mobile
Combustion 1
60
63
67
71
86
98
107
120
138
146
R88
R93
R96
R100
R104
R125
R129
R126
R128
R124
R122
R117
R115
R114
R114
R109
R107
R106
R101
97
Stationary
Combustion 2
44
44
42
43
45
46
45
46
48
49
47
46
47
48
48
49
51
51
51
51
53
51
51
51
52
53
52
52
51
46
Waste Management
Total
104
106
108
114
132
143
152
166
185
R195
R135
R139
R143
R148
R152
R174
R180
R178
R179
R175
R175
R168
R166
R165
R167
R162
R159
R159
R151
143
Waste
Combustion
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Human
Sewage in
Wastewater
Agricultural Sources
Total
Nitrogen
Fertilization
of Soils
R10
R11
R364
R10
R11
R364
R10
R11
R339
R11
R11
R337
R11
R11
R355
R11
R12
R344
R11
R12
R329
R12
R13
R328
R12
R13
R329
R12
R13
R336
R12
R13
R432
R13
R14
R429
R13
R14
R445
R13
R14
R439
R13
R15
R462
R13
R15
R423
R14
R15
R418
R14
R15
R417
R14
R15
R422
R15
R16
R421
R15
R16
R412
R15
R16
R405
R15
R16
R403
R15
R16
R414
R15
R17
R446
R16
R17
R455
R16
R17
R457
R16
R17
R471
R16
R17
R468
16
18
468
1 Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm and
construction equipment.
2 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.
3 Adipic acid production (primarily for the manufacture of nylon fibers and plastics), and nitric acid
production (primarily for fertilizers).
R=Revised.
Notes: Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of
human activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestock. Emissions from
natural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. Because of the continuing goal to
improve estimation methods for greenhouse gases, data are frequently revised on an annual basis in
Crop
Residue
Burning
Solid Waste
of Domesticated
Animals
1
2
2
1
R2
2
R2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Total
Industrial
Processes 3
Total
R75
R440
88
R642
R74
R440
R84
R641
R74
R414
R80
R614
R75
R413
R79
R617
R74
R431
R87
R661
R73
R419
R88
R662
R71
R402
R86
R652
R71
R400
R90
R669
R71
R401
R95
R694
R70
R407
R98
R713
R66
R499
R743
R66
R497
R66
R512
R68
R508
R68
R532
R69
R494
R68
R487
R69
R487
R69
R493
R69
R492
R70
R484
R71
R477
R70
R474
R69
R485
R69
R517
R70
R526
R71
R530
R71
R544
R71
R541
70
540
96
R98
95
100
110
R110
R115
R72
R57
R56
56
R46
R50
R45
R45
R45
R46
R47
R41
36
R748
R764
R770
R808
R793
R797
R752
R744
R738
R731
R708
R706
R711
R745
R750
R751
R767
R750
737
keeping with the latest findings of the international scientific community. Totals may not equal sum of
Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United
States 2009 (March 2011), Table 22; and EIA estimates based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Changes Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006 and revised 1996 guidelines)see
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs6.html; and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys
Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 19902008 (April 2010)see
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.html.
327
Figure 11.6 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output
Emissions by Type of Generating Unit, 2009

Carbon Dioxide
Sulfur Dioxide
Coal
Nitrogen Oxides
5.5
1,781
Natural Gas
(s)
432
0.3
Petroleum 41
0.2
Other 15
0.2
600
1.8
1,200
1,800
2,400
0.1
0.2
Emissions by Sector, 1989-2009

Carbon Dioxide
Sulfur Dioxide
Nitrogen Oxides
10
18
2.8
1.4
0.7
Industrial Sector
0.0
Total2
12
Electric
Power Sector
6
Industrial Sector
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
8
Total2
6
Electric
Power Sector
4
2
Industrial Sector
0
1990
1995
For carbon dioxide: municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources; tire-derived fuel, and
geothermal. For sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides: blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other
manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels; wood and wood-derived fuels;
municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other
biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.
328
Electric
Power Sector
2.1
Billion Metric Tons of Gas
Total2
2000
2005
Includes Commercial Sector.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million metric tons.
1990
1995
2000
2005
Table 11.6a Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Total (All Sectors), 1989-2009 (Sum of Tables 11.6b and 11.6c; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)
Carbon Dioxide 1
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Natural
Gas 3
Petroleum 4
R1,573,566
R218,384
R145,399
R1,592,395
R233,852
R119,580
R1,592,186
R238,084
R111,351
R1,617,034
R248,149
R96,638
R1,687,623
R250,411
R108,164
R1,697,416
R276,308
R102,844
R1,720,062
298,601
277,856
293,139
327,456
343,090
363,526
367,146
378,950
345,119
367,112
383,461
404,278
434,536
R419,599
432,206
R77,032
Coal 2
R1,812,022
R1,858,944
R1,887,335
R1,894,211
R1,986,100
R1,920,901
R1,938,613
R1,973,597
R1,989,580
R2,028,614
R2,001,085
R2,029,804
R2,001,806
1,781,278
R84,024
R93,497
R123,542
R115,677
R108,407
R117,196
R91,110
R112,065
R115,726
R117,086
R67,988
R67,769
R47,855
41,474
Geothermal 5
363
384
398
400
415
384
329
360
374
375
381
362
353
372
371
381
377
374
376
R381
386
Sulfur Dioxide
NonBiomass
Waste 6
Total
R5,590
R1,943,302
R7,488
R1,953,699
R8,447
R1,950,466
R10,053
R1,972,275
R10,439
R2,057,053
R11,186
R2,088,138
R11,982
R2,108,006
R12,718
R2,186,980
R13,368
R2,259,322
R12,891
R2,351,600
R12,943
R2,366,302
R12,440
R2,470,834
R13,010
R2,418,607
R14,918
R2,423,963
R13,943
R2,445,094
R14,183
R2,486,982
R14,299
R2,543,838
R15,193
R2,488,918
R14,548
R2,547,032
R14,370
R2,484,012
14,163
2,269,508
Coal 2
Natural
Gas 3
14,469
14,281
14,240
14,060
13,843
13,398
11,188
11,811
12,211
12,012
11,453
10,729
9,905
9,786
9,688
9,437
9,499
8,867
8,389
7,351
5,535
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
12/44.
2 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal.
4 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil.
5 Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam.
6 Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuel.
7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;
Petroleum 4
984
937
856
704
851
794
826
876
965
1,162
1,101
933
1,002
773
717
633
587
427
422
250
210
Nitrogen Oxides
Other 7
39
243
246
264
271
279
298
304
303
289
288
300
265
321
239
237
251
227
227
225
223
Total
Coal 2
Natural
Gas 3
15,493
15,462
15,342
15,030
14,966
14,472
12,314
12,991
13,480
13,464
12,843
11,963
11,174
10,881
10,646
10,309
10,340
9,524
9,042
7,830
5,970
7,281
7,119
7,109
6,975
7,225
7,005
5,136
5,307
5,322
5,123
4,687
4,370
4,096
4,057
3,607
3,286
3,135
2,996
2,870
2,680
1,769
495
513
498
477
475
513
653
577
619
700
632
614
631
625
453
416
383
399
382
351
336
Petroleum 4
269
208
193
158
173
159
332
352
326
395
391
404
294
225
240
225
221
164
157
75
66
Other 7
93
122
113
119
124
124
234
238
233
241
245
250
268
287
232
217
222
240
242
225
225
Total
8,136
7,961
7,913
7,728
7,997
7,801
6,355
6,474
6,500
6,459
5,955
5,638
5,290
5,194
4,532
4,143
3,961
3,799
3,650
3,330
2,395
wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural
byproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.
R=Revised.
Notes: Data are for emissions from energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal
output. See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
329
Table 11.6b Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Electric Power Sector, 1989-2009 (Subset of Table 11.6a; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)
Carbon Dioxide 1
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Natural
Gas 3
Petroleum 4
R1,520,230
R169,653
R133,546
R1,534,141
R177,232
R101,800
R1,534,559
R180,541
R95,149
R1,556,741
R187,730
R79,153
R1,626,161
R188,291
R90,400
R1,634,282
R211,154
R85,005
R1,656,743
228,675
205,250
220,174
249,836
262,455
283,034
291,101
307,455
279,300
297,782
320,545
339,557
373,268
363,749
374,082
R61,057
Coal 2
R1,747,945
R1,794,629
R1,825,027
R1,831,670
R1,923,054
R1,862,800
R1,878,923
R1,917,303
R1,929,818
R1,970,908
R1,944,759
R1,977,528
R1,951,138
1,736,284
R66,113
R75,079
R105,539
R97,892
R92,226
R102,900
R78,820
R98,208
R100,236
R102,537
R55,358
R55,545
R40,442
33,700
Geothermal 5
363
384
398
400
415
384
329
360
374
375
381
362
353
372
371
381
377
374
376
R381
386
Sulfur Dioxide
NonBiomass
Waste 6
Total
R4,366
R1,828,158
R5,795
R1,819,351
R7,207
R1,817,854
R8,476
R1,832,501
R8,592
R1,913,860
R9,323
R1,940,148
R10,015
R1,956,819
R9,932
R2,029,599
R10,372
R2,100,628
R10,264
R2,191,041
R10,312
R2,202,710
R10,178
R2,308,855
R10,900
R2,268,054
R12,758
R2,278,328
R11,453
R2,306,635
R11,177
R2,339,394
R11,257
R2,405,625
R11,544
R2,351,592
R11,304
R2,418,022
R11,620
R2,367,331
11,256
2,155,707
Coal 2
Natural
Gas 3
13,815
13,576
13,590
13,375
13,133
12,695
10,573
11,129
11,515
11,373
10,843
10,140
9,281
9,106
9,255
8,991
9,071
8,416
8,002
6,909
5,253
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
12/44.
R=Revised.
Notes: There are small differences in carbon dioxide emissions values between this table and Table
11.3e due to differences in the methodologies for calculating the data. Data are for emissions from
330
Petroleum 4
810
628
621
559
735
665
581
617
653
911
836
746
754
549
579
493
461
264
265
146
110
Nitrogen Oxides
Other 7
7
13
15
12
13
11
34
32
36
37
42
45
5
16
13
9
10
8
9
8
9
Total
Coal 2
Natural
Gas 3
14,633
14,218
14,227
13,946
13,882
13,373
11,189
11,779
12,205
12,321
11,722
10,932
10,041
9,672
9,849
9,495
9,543
8,690
8,279
7,065
5,374
7,055
6,878
6,886
6,749
6,996
6,777
4,974
5,144
5,157
4,965
4,535
4,225
3,878
3,813
3,496
3,183
3,051
2,902
2,781
2,578
1,688
390
390
384
359
357
390
402
326
370
431
381
338
425
425
282
241
243
230
236
230
214
Petroleum 4
246
175
165
128
143
128
282
301
269
337
332
367
253
187
207
193
189
135
130
58
50
Other 7
25
36
42
46
49
47
95
96
98
103
109
111
96
104
98
101
103
107
112
124
128
Total
7,717
7,480
7,476
7,282
7,544
7,343
5,754
5,866
5,894
5,836
5,357
5,040
4,652
4,528
4,082
3,717
3,585
3,374
3,259
2,990
2,080
energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output. The electric power sector
comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. See Table 11.6c for
commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only data. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into
Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8. See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. Totals may not
Sources: Carbon Dioxide: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on Form
EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessor forms). Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen
Oxides: EIA estimates based on Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessor
forms). Data were adjusted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys Continuous Emissions
Monitoring System.
Table 11.6c Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:
Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009 (Subset of Table 11.6a; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)
Carbon Dioxide 1
Year
Coal 2
Natural
Gas 3
Petroleum 4
Geothermal 5
Sulfur Dioxide
NonBiomass
Waste 6
Total
Coal 2
Natural
Gas 3
Petroleum 4
Commercial Sector
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
R2,320
R2,418
R2,680
R2,552
R2,988
R2,932
R3,106
R3,639
R3,871
R3,341
R3,468
R3,635
R3,366
R3,025
R3,904
R4,018
R4,031
R3,908
R3,994
R4,155
3,727
1,542
2,294
2,287
2,787
3,315
3,722
4,070
4,369
4,654
4,707
4,535
4,605
4,280
4,035
3,222
3,916
3,701
3,686
3,800
R3,589
4,093
637
706
544
474
616
654
509
534
R716
R829
742
740
839
571
683
920
759
445
363
310
245
804
959
1,014
1,258
1,285
1,292
1,462
2,023
R2,277
R2,081
2,008
1,684
1,418
1,520
1,706
1,962
1,897
1,946
1,635
1,953
2,084
R5,303
R6,377
R6,526
R7,070
R8,205
R8,601
R9,147
R10,565
R11,518
R10,958
R10,752
R10,665
R9,903
R9,151
R9,515
R10,817
R10,387
R9,984
R9,792
R10,006
10,149
37
39
32
32
40
39
30
40
43
37
34
33
43
41
32
30
33
33
33
32
26
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
4
4
4
2
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
Nitrogen Oxides
Other 7
Natural
Gas 3
Total
Coal 2
Petroleum 4
Other 7
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
3
4
6
4
4
7
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
43
45
35
35
44
42
35
47
51
45
42
43
48
46
36
35
36
36
37
33
27
9
10
10
10
12
11
8
9
10
10
9
8
13
13
9
8
9
9
10
9
8
3
6
6
7
7
8
20
23
34
35
28
38
19
20
16
18
24
35
16
14
13
2
1
1
1
1
1
6
4
7
5
4
4
2
2
5
8
6
3
2
1
1
3
4
4
4
4
4
11
14
14
16
17
16
16
13
15
16
15
17
16
16
16
17
21
21
21
24
24
45
50
65
66
57
65
50
48
45
49
54
64
44
40
39
32
229
230
251
257
267
262
268
261
248
243
248
259
303
224
227
241
218
217
217
214
817
1,199
1,080
1,049
1,041
1,057
1,090
1,166
1,223
1,099
1,080
988
1,085
1,163
761
779
760
798
726
731
569
218
233
215
218
219
219
154
154
155
148
144
138
206
231
102
95
75
86
79
93
73
100
116
108
110
110
114
231
228
215
234
223
238
187
181
155
157
117
134
129
107
108
21
31
27
29
29
30
43
48
50
53
55
34
39
36
28
25
27
26
26
16
15
63
80
66
67
70
71
128
128
121
121
120
123
156
170
119
100
104
117
113
84
81
403
461
416
425
429
435
556
558
541
557
541
533
587
618
404
376
322
362
346
300
277
Total
Industrial Sector 9
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
R51,017
R47,188
R11,216
R55,837
R54,326
R17,074
R54,947
R55,255
R15,659
R57,742
R57,632
R17,010
R58,474
R58,805
R17,148
R60,202
R61,431
R17,186
65,856
68,237
68,311
72,914
76,100
75,887
71,765
67,460
62,598
65,413
59,216
61,035
57,467
52,261
54,031
R15,466
R60,212
R60,438
R60,444
R58,967
R59,073
R59,410
R54,735
R56,665
R52,390
R55,744
R53,675
R52,418
R48,282
R46,514
41,268
R17,377
R17,701
R17,174
R17,043
R15,440
R13,457
R11,719
R13,173
R14,570
R13,791
R12,185
R11,860
R7,103
7,529
420
734
225
319
R562
R571
R505
R763
R719
R546
R624
R577
R693
R640
783
R1,044
R1,145
R1,703
R1,609
R798
824
R109,842
R127,971
R126,086
R132,704
R134,988
R139,390
R142,040
R146,815
R147,175
R149,601
R152,840
R151,315
R140,650
R136,484
R128,944
R136,771
R127,826
R127,341
R119,218
R106,675
103,651
616
666
618
655
671
664
585
642
653
603
576
556
581
639
401
415
395
419
353
411
256
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
(s)
12/44.
9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
169
304
232
143
113
126
243
256
309
247
260
184
245
221
135
136
124
161
154
103
98
R=Revised. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand metric tons.
Notes: Data are for emissions from energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal
output. See Table 11.6b for electric power sector data. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants
Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8. See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. Totals may
not equal sums of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Carbon Dioxide: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on Form
EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessor forms). Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen
Oxides: EIA estimates based on Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessor
forms). Data were adjusted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys Continuous Emissions
Monitoring System.
331
Figure 11.7 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental
Equipment
By Fuel and Equipment Type, 2009
Coal Units
350
Petroleum and Natural Gas Units
333
Thousand Megawatts
300
250
200
167
166
150
100
76
50
26
(s)
0
Particulate Collectors
Cooling Towers
Total Units by Equipment Type, 1985-2009

400
Flue Gas
Desulfurization
Coal Units by Equipment Type,

1985-2009
Flue Gas
Desulfurization
Petroleum and Natural Gas Units

by Equipment Type, 1985-2009
400
Cooling Towers
80
200
Cooling Towers
100
300
200
Cooling Towers
100
Flue Gas Desulfurization
0
1985
1
1990
1995
2000
332
60
40
20
Cooling Towers
Flue Gas Desulfurization
2005
0
1985
1990
1995
Also called scrubbers.

Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of
100 megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001, data are for electric utility and unregulated
generating plants (independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) in
operating or standby status, with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100 megawatts or
greater, or combustible-renewable steam electric capacity of 10 megawatts or greater.
2
Thousand Megawatts
300
Thousand Megawatts
Thousand Megawatts
2000
2005
0
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
(s)=Less than 0.5 thousand megawatts.

Note: Components are not additive because some generators are included in more than
one category.
Source: Table 11.7.
Table 11.7 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment,
1985-2009 (Megawatts)
Coal
Year
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
20013
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
Particulate
Collectors
Cooling
Towers
Flue Gas
Desulfurization
(Scrubbers)
302,056
308,566
311,043
311,776
313,680
315,681
319,046
319,856
318,188
319,485
320,685
321,805
320,646
321,082
324,109
321,636
329,187
329,459
328,587
328,506
328,720
NA
R328,029
R329,099
332,546
120,591
126,731
127,875
129,366
131,701
134,199
135,565
136,266
135,885
137,266
138,108
139,065
138,120
139,082
146,377
146,093
154,747
154,750
155,158
157,968
158,493
NA
159,388
R161,234
165,795
56,955
63,735
65,688
67,156
67,469
69,057
70,474
71,336
71,106
80,617
84,677
85,842
86,605
87,783
89,666
89,675
97,804
98,363
99,257
101,182
101,338
NA
118,739
139,877
167,172
Total 2
Particulate
Collectors
Cooling
Towers
304,706
311,217
312,885
313,618
315,521
317,522
319,110
319,918
318,251
319,776
320,749
321,869
320,710
321,353
331,379
328,741
329,187
329,459
328,587
328,506
328,720
NA
R328,336
R329,513
332,546
36,054
34,258
33,431
34,063
33,975
33,639
33,864
33,509
32,620
31,695
30,513
30,349
31,422
30,708
29,371
31,090
31,575
29,879
29,422
27,402
27,005
NA
R26,496
R26,565
25,925
28,895
27,919
27,912
27,434
28,386
28,359
29,067
28,764
28,922
28,186
27,187
27,685
28,766
27,814
29,142
29,427
34,649
45,920
55,770
57,082
59,214
NA
R69,497
R73,315
75,770

Components are not additive because some generators are included in more than one category.
3 Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100
megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001, data are for electric utility and unregulated generating plants
(independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) in operating or standby status,
with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 10 megawatts or greater.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. =No data reported.
2
Total 1
Petroleum and Natural Gas

Flue Gas
Desulfurization
(Scrubbers)
65
65
65
65
65
65
260
195
184
310
310
310
310
NA
R285
R346
346
Total 2
Particulate
Collectors
Cooling
Towers
Flue Gas
Desulfurization
(Scrubbers)
Total 2
62,371
59,618
58,783
58,937
59,736
59,372
59,773
59,116
58,580
57,123
54,942
55,275
56,485
55,764
55,812
57,697
61,634
72,008
81,493
81,450
83,307
NA
R93,066
R96,984
98,756
338,110
342,825
344,474
345,839
347,655
349,319
352,910
353,365
350,808
351,180
351,198
352,154
352,068
351,790
353,480
352,727
360,762
359,338
358,009
355,782
355,599
NA
R354,407
R355,517
358,342
149,486
154,650
155,786
156,800
160,087
162,557
164,632
165,030
164,807
165,452
165,295
166,749
166,886
166,896
175,520
175,520
189,396
200,670
210,928
214,989
217,646
NA
R228,704
R234,254
241,347
57,020
63,800
65,753
67,221
67,534
69,122
70,734
71,531
71,106
80,617
84,677
85,842
86,605
87,783
89,666
89,675
97,988
98,673
99,567
101,492
101,648
NA
R119,024
R140,223
167,517
367,078
370,835
371,668
372,555
375,257
376,894
378,883
379,034
376,831
376,899
375,691
377,144
377,195
377,117
387,192
386,438
390,821
401,341
409,954
409,769
411,840
NA
R421,120
R426,073
430,956
Note: See "Cooling Tower," "Flue Gas Desulfurization," and "Particulate Collectors" in Glossary.
Sources: 1985-1996U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-767, "Steam-Electric
Plant Operation and Design Report." 1997-2005EIA, Electric Power Annual 2008 (January 2010),
Table 3.10, and Form EIA-767, "Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design Report." 2007
forwardEIA, Electric Power Annual 2009 (January 2011), Table 3.10, and Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric
Generator Report."
333
Environment
Note. Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy
Combustion. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the combustion of biomass to
produce energy are excluded from the total energy-related CO2 emissions reported in
the Annual Energy Review Section 11, but appear separately in Tables 11.211.3e.
According to current international convention (see the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Changes 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories), carbon released through biomass combustion is excluded from
reported energy-related emissions. The release of carbon from biomass combustion is assumed to be balanced by the uptake of carbon when the feedstock is
grown, resulting in zero net emissions over some period of time. (This is not to
say that biomass energy is carbon-neutral. Energy inputs are required in order to
grow, fertilize, and harvest the feedstock and to produce and process the biomass
into fuels.)
However, analysts have debated whether increased use of biomass energy may result
in a decline in terrestrial carbon stocks, leading to a net positive release of carbon
rather than the zero net release assumed by its exclusion from reported
334
energy-related emissions. For example, the clearing of forests for biofuel crops
could result in an initial release of carbon that is not fully recaptured in subsequent
use of the land for agriculture.
To reflect the potential net emissions, the international convention for greenhouse
gas inventories is to report biomass emissions in the category agriculture, forestry,
and other land use, usually based on estimates of net changes in carbon stocks over
time.
This indirect accounting of CO2 emissions from biomass can potentially lead to
confusion in accounting for and understanding the flow of CO2 emissions within
energy and non-energy systems. In recognition of this issue, reporting of CO2
emissions from biomass combustion alongside other energy-related CO2 emissions
offers an alternative accounting treatment. It is important, however, to avoid
misinterpreting emissions from fossil energy and biomass energy sources as
necessarily additive. Instead, the combined total of direct CO2 emissions from
biomass and energy-related CO2 emissions implicitly assumes that none of the
carbon emitted was previously or subsequently reabsorbed in terrestrial sinks or that
other emissions sources offset any such sequestration.
Appendix A
British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors
Using Thermal Conversion Factors
The thermal conversion factors presented in the following tables can be used to estimate the heat content in British thermal units (Btu) of a given amount of energy
measured in physical units, such as barrels or cubic feet. For example, 10 barrels of
asphalt has a heat content of approximately 66.36 million Btu (10 barrels x 6.636
million Btu per barrel = 66.36 million Btu).
The heat content rates (i.e., thermal conversion factors) provided in this section
represent the gross (or higher or upper) energy content of the fuels. Gross heat
content rates are applied in all Btu calculations for the Annual Energy Review and
are commonly used in energy calculations in the United States; net (or lower) heat
content rates are typically used in European energy calculations. The difference
between the two rates is the amount of energy that is consumed to vaporize water
that is created during the combustion process. Generally, the difference ranges from
2 percent to 10 percent, depending on the specific fuel and its hydrogen content.
Some fuels, such as unseasoned wood, can be more than 40 percent different in
their gross and net heat content rates. See Heat Content and British thermal unit
(Btu) in the Glossary for more information.
Thermal conversion factors for hydrocarbon mixes (Table A1) are weighted averages of the thermal conversion factors for each hydrocarbon included in the mix.
For example, in calculating the thermal conversion factor for a 60-40 butanepropane mixture, the thermal conversion factor for butane is weighted 1.5 times the
thermal conversion factor for propane.
In general, the annual thermal conversion factors presented in Tables A2 through
A6 are computed from final annual data or from the best available data and are
labeled preliminary. Often, the previous years factor is used as the preliminary
value until data become available to calculate the factor appropriate to the year. The
source of each factor is described in the section entitled Thermal Conversion
Factor Source Documentation, which follows Table A6 in this appendix.
Table A1.
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products

(Million Btu per Barrel)
Asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aviation Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Butane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Butane-Propane Mixture (60 percent-40 percent)
Distillate Fuel Oil1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ethane-Propane Mixture (70 percent-30 percent)
Isobutane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kerosene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor Gasoline2
Conventional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oxygenated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reformulated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pentanes Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petrochemical Feedstocks
Naphtha less than 401 F . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Oils equal to or greater than 401 F .
Still Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Coke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plant Condensate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Propane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residual Fuel Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Special Naphthas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Still Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unfinished Oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unfractionated Stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...........................
...........................
...........................
..........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
6.636
5.048
4.326
4.130
5.825
3.082
3.308
3.974
5.670
5.355
5.670
6.065
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
5.253
5.150
5.150
4.620
4.620
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
5.248
5.825
6.000
6.024
5.418
3.836
6.287
6.636
5.248
6.000
5.825
5.418
5.537
5.796
Does not include biodiesel. See Table A3 for biodiesel heat contents.
See Table A3 for motor gasoline weighted heat contents beginning in 1994, and for fuel ethanol heat
contents.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/append_a.html.
Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See Heat Content in Glossary.
Sources: See Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation, which follows Table A6.
2
335
Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Production
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Imports
Crude Oil 1
Natural Gas
Plant Liquids
Crude Oil 1
Petroleum
Products
Total
Crude Oil 1
Petroleum
Products
Total
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
4.544
4.522
4.406
4.295
4.264
4.146
3.984
3.964
3.941
3.925
3.955
3.914
3.930
3.872
3.839
3.812
3.815
3.797
3.804
3.800
3.826
3.822
3.807
3.804
3.801
3.794
3.796
3.777
3.762
3.769
3.744
3.733
3.735
3.729
3.739
3.724
3.724
3.712
3.701
3.706
R3.692
3.677
5.952
5.943
5.924
5.911
5.872
5.822
5.821
5.808
5.810
5.802
5.810
5.812
5.818
5.826
5.825
5.823
5.832
5.903
5.901
5.900
5.906
5.934
5.948
5.953
5.954
5.950
5.938
5.947
5.954
5.953
5.942
5.959
5.976
5.971
5.970
5.981
5.977
5.980
5.985
5.990
R5.988
5.989
6.261
6.263
6.234
6.161
6.123
6.088
5.935
5.980
5.908
5.955
5.811
5.748
5.659
5.664
5.677
5.613
5.572
5.624
5.599
5.618
5.641
5.614
5.636
5.623
5.620
5.534
5.483
5.468
5.469
5.462
5.421
5.432
5.443
5.451
5.438
5.475
5.474
5.454
5.503
5.479
R5.525
5.566
6.059
6.080
6.040
6.021
5.997
5.985
5.858
5.856
5.834
5.839
5.810
5.796
5.775
5.775
5.774
5.745
5.736
5.808
5.820
5.820
5.833
5.849
5.873
5.877
5.883
5.861
5.855
5.847
5.862
5.861
5.840
5.849
5.862
5.863
5.857
5.863
5.845
5.842
5.862
5.866
R5.882
5.896
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.651
5.751
5.765
5.835
5.742
5.811
5.747
5.743
5.796
5.814
5.864
5.841
5.837
5.829
5.800
5.867
5.819
5.839
5.860
5.842
5.869
5.838
5.827
5.774
5.777
5.777
5.740
5.728
5.726
5.710
5.684
5.651
5.751
5.687
5.739
5.753
5.741
5.723
5.749
5.762
R5.737
5.696
5.692
5.766
5.768
5.834
5.743
5.810
5.748
5.745
5.797
5.808
5.832
5.820
5.821
5.820
5.800
5.850
5.814
5.832
5.858
5.840
5.857
5.833
5.823
5.777
5.779
5.779
5.746
5.736
5.734
5.720
5.699
5.658
5.752
5.688
5.740
5.754
5.743
5.724
5.750
5.762
R5.738
5.698

Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
336
Exports
Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#appendices.

Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.
Table A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Total Petroleum 1 Consumption by Sector
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Residential
R5.484
R5.473
R5.469
R5.417
R5.364
R5.260
R5.253
R5.277
R5.285
R5.287
R5.365
R5.321
R5.283
R5.266
R5.140
R5.307
R5.263
R5.268
R5.239
R5.257
R5.194
R5.145
R5.094
R5.124
R5.102
R5.098
R5.063
R4.998
R4.989
R4.975
R4.902
R4.908
R4.937
R4.886
R4.907
R4.953
R4.916
R4.894
R4.850
R4.732
R4.691
E4.701
Commercial
R5.813
R5.817
R5.781
R5.781
R5.760
R5.708
R5.649
R5.672
R5.682
R5.665
R5.717
R5.751
R5.693
R5.698
R5.591
R5.657
R5.598
R5.632
R5.594
R5.597
R5.549
R5.553
R5.528
R5.513
2,R5.505
R5.515
R5.478
R5.433
R5.391
R5.365
R5.291
R5.316
R5.325
R5.293
R5.307
R5.328
R5.364
R5.310
R5.298
R5.175
R5.266
E5.280
Industrial
R5.957
R5.953
R5.881
R5.818
R5.748
R5.595
R5.513
R5.523
R5.539
R5.536
R5.409
R5.366
R5.299
R5.247
R5.254
R5.207
R5.199
R5.269
R5.233
R5.228
R5.219
R5.253
R5.167
R5.168
2,R5.178
R5.150
R5.121
R5.114
R5.120
R5.137
R5.092
R5.057
R5.142
R5.093
R5.142
R5.144
R5.178
R5.160
R5.127
R5.149
R5.018
E5.014
Transportation 2,3
Electric
Power 4,5
Total
5.465
5.461
6.254
6.254
6.254
6.267
6.267
6.252
6.250
6.251
6.249
6.251
6.258
6.254
6.258
6.258
6.255
6.251
6.247
6.257
6.249
6.250
46.240
6.244
6.246
6.238
6.230
6.213
6.188
6.195
6.199
6.210
6.205
6.189
6.199
6.173
6.182
6.192
6.188
6.143
6.151
6.123
6.105
P6.085
5.649
5.649
5.591
5.555
5.532
5.503
5.494
5.504
5.518
5.519
5.494
5.479
5.448
5.415
5.406
5.395
5.387
5.418
5.403
5.410
5.410
5.411
5.384
5.378
25.379
5.361
5.341
5.336
5.336
5.349
5.328
5.326
5.345
5.324
5.340
5.350
5.365
5.353
5.346
5.339
R5.301
P5.300
R5.407
R5.387
R5.386
5.393
5.392
R5.396
R5.401
R5.405
R5.429
R5.441
R5.433
R5.423
R5.416
5.418
R5.423
R5.426
5.429
5.433
R5.438
5.442
R5.441
R5.443
25.436
5.424
5.417
5.420
5.416
5.413
5.413
R5.422
5.412
R5.411
R5.409
R5.421
R5.427
5.431
R5.434
5.426
5.414
E5.420
1 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned directly as fuel.
Quantity-weighted averages of the petroleum products included in each category are calculated by using
heat content values shown in Table A1.
3 Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil.
5 Electric power sector factors are weighted average heat contents for distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke,
and residual fuel oil; they exclude other liquids.
6 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1966 and 1967; beginning in 1967, the single
constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factorquantity-weighted averages of the major
components of liquefied petroleum gases are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1.
7 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1993 and 1994; beginning in 1994, the single
constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factorquantity-weighted averages of the major
components of motor gasoline, including fuel ethanol, are calculated by using heat content values shown in
Table A1.
8 Includes denaturant (petroleum added to ethanol to make it undrinkable). Fuel ethanol factors are
weighted average heat contents for undenatured ethanol (3.539 million Btu per barrel), pentanes plus used
as denaturant (4.620 million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline used as denaturant (5.253
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Consumption 6
Motor
Gasoline
Consumption 7
Fuel
Ethanol 8
Fuel
Ethanol
Feedstock
Factor 9
Biodiesel
Biodiesel
Feedstock
Factor 10
4.011
4.011
4.011
4.011
4.011
63.779
3.715
3.711
3.677
3.669
3.680
3.674
3.643
3.615
3.614
3.599
3.603
3.640
3.659
3.652
3.683
3.625
3.614
3.624
3.606
3.635
3.623
3.613
3.616
3.614
3.616
3.607
3.614
3.613
3.629
3.618
3.620
3.605
3.591
3.600
R3.558
P3.558
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
75.230
5.215
5.216
5.213
5.212
5.211
5.210
5.210
5.208
5.207
5.215
5.218
5.218
5.219
5.218
5.218
P5.218
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
P3.561
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.586
6.562
6.539
6.515
6.492
6.469
6.446
6.423
6.400
6.377
6.355
6.332
6.309
6.287
6.264
6.242
6.220
6.198
6.176
6.167
6.159
6.151
6.143
6.116
6.089
6.063
6.036
6.009
5.983
5.957
5.930
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
million Btu per barrel). The factor for 2009 is used as the estimated factor for 1980-2008.
9 Corn input to the production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn per barrel undenatured ethanol),
used as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol. Observed
ethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn) are 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in
2002, and 2.764 in 2009; yields in other years are estimated. Corn is assumed to have a gross heat
content of 0.392 million Btu per bushel. Undenatured ethanol is assumed to have a gross heat content of
3.539 million Btu per barrel.
10 Soybean oil input to the production of biodiesel (million Btu soybean oil per barrel biodiesel), used as
the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel. It is assumed that 7.65 pounds of
soybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.433 million Btu of soybean oil are needed
to produce one barrel of biodiesel. Soybean oil is assumed to have a gross heat content of 16,909 Btu per
pound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel. Biodiesel is assumed to have a gross heat content of 17,253 Btu per
pound, or 5.359 million Btu per barrel.
Notes: Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation petroleum heat contents are revised
beginning in 1949 due to a change in the estimation methodology. The heat content values in this table
are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
337
Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Btu per Cubic Foot)
Consumption 1
Production
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1
Marketed
Dry
End-Use Sectors 2
Total
Imports
Exports
1,120
1,119
1,120
1,107
1,101
1,102
1,095
1,093
1,093
1,088
1,092
1,098
1,103
1,107
1,115
1,109
1,112
1,110
1,112
1,109
1,107
1,105
1,108
1,110
1,106
1,105
1,106
1,109
1,107
1,109
1,107
1,107
1,105
1,106
1,106
1,104
1,104
1,103
1,104
1,100
R1,101
E1,101
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,021
1,020
1,021
1,019
1,021
1,026
1,027
1,028
1,031
1,031
1,032
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,030
1,030
1,027
1,028
1,026
1,026
1,026
1,031
1,027
1,025
1,028
1,027
1,028
1,026
1,028
1,028
1,029
1,027
R1,025
E1,024
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,020
1,019
1,019
1,016
1,018
1,024
1,025
1,026
1,031
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,030
1,031
1,031
1,028
1,029
1,027
1,027
1,027
1,033
1,028
1,026
1,029
1,029
1,029
1,026
1,028
1,028
1,030
1,027
R1,025
E1,025
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,026
1,023
1,029
1,034
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,036
1,030
1,035
1,038
1,034
1,032
1,028
31,028
1,027
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,021
1,020
1,020
1,024
1,022
1,021
1,026
1,020
1,025
1,027
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
1,025
P1,022
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,021
1,020
1,021
1,019
1,021
1,026
1,027
1,028
1,031
1,031
1,032
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,030
1,030
1,027
1,028
1,026
1,026
1,026
1,031
1,027
1,025
1,028
1,027
1,028
1,026
1,028
1,028
1,029
1,027
R1,025
E1,024
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,026
1,025
1,026
1,030
1,037
1,022
1,014
1,018
1,024
1,005
1,002
997
999
1,002
1,004
1,012
1,014
1,011
1,020
1,022
1,021
1,022
1,023
1,023
1,022
1,023
1,023
1,022
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
E1,025
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,032
1,031
1,014
1,013
1,013
1,013
1,013
1,013
1,011
1,011
1,010
1,010
1,011
1,008
1,011
1,018
1,019
1,018
1,022
1,018
1,016
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,006
1,006
1,010
1,008
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
E1,009
Consumption factors are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors.
2
3
338
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. =Not applicable.

Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Million Btu per Short Ton)
Coal
Coal Coke
Consumption
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Production 1
Waste Coal
Supplied 2
Residential
and Commercial
Sectors
Industrial Sector
Coke Plants
24.916
25.090
25.201
24.906
24.775
23.842
22.897
22.855
22.597
22.248
22.454
22.415
22.308
22.239
22.052
22.010
21.870
21.913
21.922
21.823
21.765
21.822
21.681
21.682
21.418
21.394
21.326
21.322
21.296
21.418
21.070
21.072
120.772
20.673
20.499
20.424
20.348
20.310
20.340
20.208
R19.969
20.192
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
210.391
9.303
10.758
10.396
10.638
11.097
11.722
12.147
12.158
12.639
12.552
12.360
12.169
12.165
12.360
12.266
12.093
12.080
12.090
12.121
R11.862
11.755
24.263
24.461
24.373
24.226
24.028
23.203
22.261
22.774
22.919
22.466
22.242
22.543
22.474
22.695
22.775
22.844
22.646
22.947
23.404
23.571
23.650
23.137
23.114
23.105
22.994
23.112
23.118
23.011
22.494
21.620
23.880
25.020
24.909
22.962
22.242
22.324
22.342
22.066
22.069
21.887
R22.059
21.254
26.797
26.798
26.794
26.791
26.787
26.784
26.782
26.781
26.787
26.789
26.788
26.790
26.794
26.797
26.798
26.799
26.798
26.798
26.799
26.799
26.800
26.799
26.799
26.799
26.800
26.800
26.800
26.800
26.800
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.425
27.426
26.279
26.271
26.329
26.281
26.334
26.296
Other 3
Electric
Power
Sector 4,5
Total
Imports
Exports
Imports
and
Exports
24.612
24.820
24.821
24.609
24.385
22.983
22.436
22.530
22.322
22.207
22.452
22.690
22.585
22.712
22.691
22.543
22.020
22.198
22.381
22.360
22.347
22.457
22.460
22.250
22.123
22.068
21.950
22.105
22.172
23.164
22.489
22.433
22.622
22.562
22.468
22.473
22.178
22.050
22.371
22.348
21.893
21.909
23.761
23.937
24.056
23.927
23.780
22.573
21.642
21.679
21.508
21.275
21.364
21.295
21.085
21.194
21.133
21.101
20.959
21.084
21.136
20.900
420.898
20.779
20.730
20.709
20.677
20.589
20.543
20.547
20.518
20.516
20.490
20.511
20.337
20.238
20.082
19.980
19.988
19.931
19.909
19.713
R19.521
19.612
24.793
24.989
24.982
24.713
24.537
23.440
22.506
22.498
22.265
22.017
22.100
21.947
21.713
21.674
21.576
21.573
21.366
21.462
21.517
21.328
21.307
21.197
21.120
21.068
21.010
20.929
20.880
20.870
20.830
20.881
20.818
20.828
20.671
20.541
20.387
20.290
20.246
20.181
20.168
19.977
R19.742
19.858
25.000
25.020
25.000
25.003
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
26.759
26.788
26.907
26.939
26.973
26.982
26.562
26.601
26.548
26.478
26.548
26.384
26.160
26.223
26.291
26.402
26.307
26.292
26.291
26.299
26.160
26.202
26.188
26.161
26.335
26.329
26.180
26.174
26.251
26.800
26.081
26.117
25.998
26.062
25.972
26.108
25.494
25.453
25.466
25.399
25.633
25.713
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine,
and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible materials).
2 Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,
bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Beginning in
1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coal
included in "Consumption."
3 Includes transportation. Excludes coal synfuel plants.
5 Electric power sector factors are for anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste
coal, and, beginning in 1998, coal synfuel.
339
Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity, Selected Years, 1949-2010
(Btu per Kilowatthour)
Approximate Heat Rates 1 for Electricity Net Generation
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1
Fossil Fuels 2,3
Nuclear 4
Geothermal 5
Heat Content 6 of
Electricity 7
15,033
14,030
11,699
10,760
10,453
10,494
10,406
10,373
10,435
10,361
10,353
10,388
10,453
10,454
10,520
10,440
10,447
10,446
10,419
10,324
10,432
10,402
10,436
10,342
10,309
10,316
10,312
10,340
10,213
10,197
10,226
10,201
210,333
10,173
10,241
10,022
9,999
9,919
9,884
9,854
R9,760
E9,760
11,629
11,804
10,977
11,013
11,047
10,769
10,941
10,879
10,908
11,030
11,073
10,905
10,843
10,622
10,579
10,442
10,602
10,583
10,582
10,484
10,471
10,504
10,452
10,507
10,503
10,494
10,491
10,450
10,429
10,443
10,442
10,421
10,427
10,436
10,436
10,485
10,453
R10,460
E10,460
23,200
22,182
21,606
21,611
21,611
21,611
21,611
21,545
21,639
21,639
21,629
21,290
21,303
21,263
21,263
21,263
21,096
21,096
21,096
20,997
20,914
20,914
20,914
20,914
20,960
20,960
21,017
21,017
21,017
21,017
21,017
21,017
21,017
21,017
21,017
21,017
21,017
21,017
E21,017
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
The values in columns 1-3 of this table are for net heat rates. See "Heat Rate" in Glossary.
Used as the thermal conversion factors for hydro, geothermal, solar thermal/photovoltaic, and wind
electricity net generation to approximate the quantity of fossil fuels replaced by these sources. Through
2000, also used as the thermal conversion factors for wood and waste electricity net generation at electric
utilities; beginning in 2001, Btu data for wood and waste at electric utilities are available from surveys.
3 Through 2000, heat rates are for fossil-fueled steam-electric plants at electric utilities. Beginning in
2001, heat rates are for all fossil-fueled plants at electric utilities and electricity-only independent power
producers.
4 Used as the thermal conversion factors for nuclear electricity net generation.
5 Technology-based heat rates for geothermal electricity net generation. Beginning with the Annual
2
340
Energy Review 2010, the technology-based geothermal heat rates are no longer used as thermal
conversion factors in Btu calculations in this report but are retained on this table for purposes of
comparison.
6 See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
7 The value of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour is a constant. It is used as the thermal conversion factor for
electricity retail sales, and electricity imports and exports.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. =Not applicable.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows this table.
Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation

Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum
and Natural Gas Plant Liquids
Asphalt. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) adopted the thermal
conversion factor of 6.636 million British thermal units (Btu) per barrel as estimated
by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual,
1956.
Aviation Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.048 million Btu
per barrel as adopted by the Bureau of Mines from the Texas Eastern Transmission
Corporation publication Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets
19471985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.
Butane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 4.326
million Btu per barrel as published in the California Oil World and Petroleum
Industry, First Issue, April 1942.
Butane-Propane Mixture. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines calculation of 4.130
million Btu per barrel based on an assumed mixture of 60 percent butane and 40
percent propane. See Butane and Propane.
Crude Oil Exports. Assumed by EIA to be 5.800 million Btu per barrel or equal to
the thermal conversion factor for crude oil produced in the United States. See
Crude Oil Production.
Crude Oil Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal
conversion factors for each type of crude oil imported weighted by the quantities
imported. Thermal conversion factors for each type were calculated on a foreign
country basis, by determining the average American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of crude oil imported from each foreign country from Form ERA-60 in 1977 and
converting average API gravity to average Btu content by using National Bureau of
Standards, Miscellaneous Publication No. 97, Thermal Properties of Petroleum
Products, 1933.
Crude Oil Production. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.800 million
Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, Bureau of
Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.
Distillate Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of
5.825 million Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal
memorandum, Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various

Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.
Ethane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.082
Ethane-Propane Mixture. EIA calculation of 3.308 million Btu per barrel based
on an assumed mixture of 70 percent ethane and 30 percent propane. See Ethane
and Propane.
Isobutane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.974
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor
of 5.670 million Btu per barrel for Jet Fuel, Commercial as published by the Texas
Eastern Transmission Corporation in the report Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 19471985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.
Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor
of 5.355 million Btu per barrel for Jet Fuel, Military as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in the report Competition and Growth in American
Energy Markets 19471985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.
Kerosene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.670
million Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum,
Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted
January 3, 1950.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases Consumption. 19491966: U.S. Department of the
Interior, Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products, 1956, Table 4 footnote, constant value of 4.011 million Btu per
barrel. 1967 forward: Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal
conversion factors for all liquefied petroleum gases consumed (see Table A1)
weighted by the quantities consumed. The component products of liquefied petroleum gases are ethane (including ethylene), propane (including propylene), normal
butane (including butylene), butane-propane mixtures, ethane-propane mixtures,
and isobutane. For 19671980, quantities consumed are from EIA, Energy Data
Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, Table 1. For 1981 forward, quantities
consumed are from EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, Table 2.
341
Lubricants. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.065 million Btu per
barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum
Statement, Annual, 1956.
Miscellaneous Products. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.796
million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the
Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.
Motor Gasoline Consumption. 19491993: EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines
thermal conversion factor of 5.253 million Btu per barrel for Gasoline, Motor
Fuel as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in Appendix V
of Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 19471985, a 1968
release of historical and projected statistics. 1994 forward: EIA calculated
national annual quantity-weighted average conversion factors for conventional,
reformulated, and oxygenated motor gasolines (see Table A3). The factor for
conventional motor gasoline is 5.253 million Btu per barrel, as used for previous
years. The factors for reformulated and oxygenated gasolines, both currently 5.150
million Btu per barrel, are based on data published in Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Mobile Sources, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory report EPA 420-F-95-003, Fuel Economy Impact Analysis of Reformulated
Gasoline. See Fuel Ethanol (Denatured).
Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each natural gas plant liquid produced
weighted by the quantities produced.
Natural Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 4.620 million Btu
per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum
Statement, Annual, 1956.
Pentanes Plus. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 4.620 million Btu
or equal to that for natural gasoline. See Natural Gasoline.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha less than 401 F. Assumed by EIA to be
5.248 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for special
naphthas. See Special Naphthas.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils equal to or greater than 401 F. Assumed
by EIA to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for
distillate fuel oil. See Distillate Fuel Oil.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas. Assumed by EIA to be 6.000 million Btu per
barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for still gas. See Still Gas.
342
Petroleum Coke. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.024 million Btu
per barrel as reported in Btu per short ton in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,
Adopted January 3, 1950. The Bureau of Mines calculated this factor by dividing
30.120 million Btu per short ton, as given in the referenced Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, by 5.0 barrels per short ton, as given in the Bureau of Mines
Form 6-1300-M and successor EIA forms.
Petroleum Consumption, Commercial Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the
average of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed by
the commercial sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed by the
commercial sector. The quantities of petroleum products consumed by the commercial sector are estimated in the State Energy Data Systemsee documentation at
http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.
Petroleum Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as
the average of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed
by the electric power sector weighted by the quantities consumed by the electric
power sector. Data are from Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, and
predecessor forms.
Petroleum Consumption, Industrial Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the
the industrial sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed by the industrial
sector. The quantities of petroleum products consumed by the industrial sector are
estimated in the State Energy Data Systemsee documentation at
Petroleum Consumption, Residential Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the
the residential sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed by the residential sector. The quantities of petroleum products consumed by the residential sector
are estimated in the State Energy Data Systemsee documentation at
Petroleum Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the
thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed weighted by the
quantities consumed.
Petroleum Consumption, Transportation Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as
the average of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed
by the transportation sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed by the
transportation sector. The quantities of petroleum products consumed by the
transportation sector are estimated in the State Energy Data Systemsee documentation at http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.
weighted by the quantities imported. See Crude Oil Imports and Petroleum Products Imports.
Petroleum Products Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the

thermal conversion factors for each petroleum product exported weighted by the
quantities exported.
Unfinished Oils. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.825 million
Btu per barrel or equal to that for distillate fuel oil (see Distillate Fuel Oil) and first
published it in EIAs Annual Report to Congress, Volume 3, 1977.
Petroleum Products Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the

thermal conversion factors for each petroleum product imported weighted by the
quantities imported.
Unfractionated Stream. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.418

million Btu per barrel or equal to that for plant condensate (see Plant
Condensate) and first published it in EIAs Annual Report to Congress, Volume
2, 1981.
Plant Condensate. Estimated to be 5.418 million Btu per barrel by EIA from data
provided by McClanahan Consultants, Inc., Houston, Texas.
Propane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.836
Residual Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.287 million Btu
per barrel as reported in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, Bureau of
Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3,
1950.
Road Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 6.636
million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of asphalt (see
Asphalt) and was first published by the Bureau of Mines in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Special Naphthas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of
5.248 million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of the total
gasoline (aviation and motor) factor and was first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Still Gas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimated thermal conversion factor of
6.000 million Btu per barrel, first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual,
1970.
Total Petroleum Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for crude oil and each petroleum product exported weighted
by the quantities exported. See Crude Oil Exports and Petroleum Products
Exports.
Total Petroleum Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each type of crude oil and petroleum product imported
Waxes. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.537 million Btu per barrel
as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement,
Annual, 1956.
Approximate Heat Content of Biofuels

Biodiesel. EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor for biodiesel to be 5.359
million Btu per barrel, or 17,253 Btu per pound.
Biodiesel Feedstock. EIA used soybean oil input to the production of biodiesel
(million Btu soybean oil per barrel biodiesel) as the factor to estimate total biomass
inputs to the production of biodiesel. EIA assumed that 7.65 pounds of soybean
oil are needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.433 million Btu of
soybean oil are needed to produce one barrel of biodiesel. EIA also assumed that
soybean oil has a gross heat content of 16,909 Btu per pound, or 5.483 million
Btu per barrel.
Ethanol (Undenatured). EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 3.539 million
Btu per barrel published in Oxygenate Flexibility for Future Fuels, a paper presented
by William J. Piel of the ARCO Chemical Company at the National Conference
on Reformulated Gasolines and Clean Air Act Implementation, Washington, D.C.,
October 1991.
Fuel Ethanol (Denatured). 19812008: EIA used the 2009 factor. 2009
forward: Calculated by EIA as the annual quantity-weighted average of the thermal
conversion factors for undenatured ethanol (3.539 million Btu per barrel), pentanes
plus used as denaturant (4.620 million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor
gasoline used as denaturant (5.253 million Btu per barrel). The quantity of ethanol
consumed is from EIAs Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA) and Petroleum Supply
Monthly (PSM), Table 1, data for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of fuel ethanol. The quantity of pentanes plus used as denaturant is from
PSA/PSM, Table 1, data for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of
pentanes plus, multiplied by -1. The quantity of conventional motor gasoline and
343
motor gasoline blending components used as denaturant is from PSA/PSM, Table 1,

data for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of conventional motor
gasoline and motor gasoline blending components, multiplied by -1.
Fuel Ethanol Feedstock. EIA used corn input to the production of undenatured
ethanol (million Btu corn per barrel undenatured ethanol) as the annual factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol. U.S. Department
of Agriculture observed ethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn)
were 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in 2002, and 2.764 in 2009; EIA estimated the
ethanol yields in other years. EIA also assumed that corn has a gross heat content of
0.392 million Btu per bushel.
Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas

Natural Gas Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA
by dividing the heat content of natural gas consumed by the electric power sector by
the quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Report, and predecessor forms.
Natural Gas Consumption, End-Use Sectors. Calculated annually by EIA by
dividing the heat content of natural gas consumed by the end-use sectors
(residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation) by the quantity consumed.
Data are from Form EIA-176, Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas
Supply and Disposition.
Natural Gas Consumption, Total. 19491962: EIA adopted the thermal
conversion factor of 1,035 Btu per cubic foot as estimated by the Bureau of Mines
and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956. 19631979: EIA
adopted the thermal conversion factor calculated annually by the American Gas Association (AGA) and published in Gas Facts, an AGA annual publication. 1980
forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heat content of natural gas
consumed by the total quantity consumed.
Natural Gas Exports. 19491972: Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermal
conversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption,
Total). 1973 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of
natural gas exported by the quantity exported. For 19731995, data are from Form
FPC-14, Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas. Beginning in
1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Natural
Gas Imports and Exports.
344
Natural Gas Imports. 19491972: Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermal

conversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption,
Total). 1973 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of
natural gas imported by the quantity imported. For 19731995, data are from Form
FPC-14, Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas. Beginning in
1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Natural
Gas Imports and Exports.
Natural Gas Production, Dry. Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural gas consumed. See Natural Gas Consumption, Total.
Natural Gas Production, Marketed. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the
heat content of dry natural gas produced (see Natural Gas Production, Dry) and
natural gas plant liquids produced (see Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production) by
the total quantity of marketed natural gas produced.
Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke

Coal Coke Imports and Exports. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimate of
24.800 million Btu per short ton.
Coal Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA by
dividing the heat content of coal consumed by the electric power sector by the
quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Coke Plants. Calculated annually by EIA
by dividing the heat content of coal consumed by coke plants by the quantity
consumed. Data are from Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality
ReportCoke Plants.
Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Other. Calculated annually by EIA by
dividing the heat content of coal consumed by manufacturing plants by the quantity
consumed. Data are from Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality
ReportManufacturing Plants.
Coal Consumption, Residential and Commercial Sectors. Calculated annually by
EIA by dividing the heat content of coal consumed by the residential and commercial sectors by the quantity consumed. Through 1999, data are from Form EIA-6,
Coal Distribution Report. Beginning in 2000, data are for commercial combined-
heat-and-power (CHP) plants from Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations

Coal Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heat
content of coal consumed by all sectors by the total quantity consumed.
Coal Exports. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of steam
coal and metallurgical coal exported by the quantity exported. Data are from U.S.
Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Monthly Report EM 545.
Coal Imports. 19491963: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat
content of coal imported by the quantity imported. 1963 forward: Assumed by
EIA to be 25.000 million Btu per short ton.
Coal Production. Calculated annually by EIA to balance the heat content of coal
supply (production and imports) and the heat content of coal disposition (exports,
stock change, and consumption).
Waste Coal Supplied. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heat content
of waste coal supplied by the quantity supplied. For 19891997, data are from
Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report. For 19982000,
data are from Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility.
For 2001 forward, data are from Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and
Quality ReportManufacturing Plants; Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Report; and predecessor forms.
Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity

Electricity Net Generation, Fossil Fuels. There is no generally accepted practice
for measuring the thermal conversion rates for power plants that generate electricity
from hydro, geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind energy sources.
Therefore, EIA calculates a rate factor that is equal to the annual average heat rate
factor for fossil-fueled power plants in the United States. By using that factor, it is
possible to evaluate fossil fuel requirements for replacing those sources during periods of interruption, such as droughts. The heat content of a kilowatthour of
electricity produced, regardless of the generation process, is 3,412 Btu. 19491955:

The weighted annual average heat rate for fossil-fueled steam-electric power plants in
the United States, as published by EIA in Thermal-Electric Plant Construction
Cost and Annual Production Expenses1981 and Steam-Electric Plant
Construction Cost and Annual Production Expenses1978. 19561988: The
weighted annual average heat rate for fossil-fueled steam-electric power plants in
the United States, as published in EIA, Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses 1991, Table 9. 19892000: Calculated annually by EIA by using
heat rate data reported on Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator Report (and
predecessor forms); and net generation data reported on Form EIA-759, Monthly
Power Plant Report. The computation includes data for all electric utility steamelectric plants using fossil fuels. 2001 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by
using fuel consumption and net generation data reported on Form EIA-923, Power
Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms. The computation includes data for
all electric utilities and electricity-only independent power producers using fossil
fuels.
Electricity Net Generation, Geothermal. 19601981: Calculated annually by
EIA by weighting the annual average heat rates of operating geothermal units by
the installed nameplate capacities as reported on Form FPC-12, Power System
Statement. 1982 forward: Estimated annually by EIA on the basis of an informal survey of relevant plants.
Electricity Net Generation, Nuclear. 19571984: Calculated annually by
dividing the total heat content consumed in nuclear generating units by the total
(net) electricity generated by nuclear generating units. The heat content and electricity generation were reported on Form FERC-1, Annual Report of Major
Electric Utilities, Licensees, and Others; Form EIA-412, Annual Report of
Public Electric Utilities; and predecessor forms. For 1982, the factors were
published in EIA, Historical Plant Cost and Annual Production Expenses for
Selected Electric Plants 1982, page 215. For 1983 and 1984, the factors were
published in EIA, Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses 1991,
Table 13. 1985 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by using the heat rate
reported on Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator Report (and predecessor forms), and the generation reported on Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report (and predecessor forms).
345
Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes,

and Other Physical Conversion Factors
Data presented in the Annual Energy Review and in other U.S. Energy Information Administration publications are expressed predominately in units that
historically have been used in the United States, such as British thermal units,
barrels, cubic feet, and short tons. However, because U.S. commerce
involves other nations, most of which use metric units of measure, the U.S.
Government is committed to the transition to the metric system, as stated in
the Metric Conversion Act of 1975 (Public Law 94168), amended by the
Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (Public Law 100418), and
Executive Order 12770 of July 25, 1991.
The metric conversion factors presented in Table B1 can be used to calculate the
metric-unit equivalents of values expressed in U.S. customary units. For
example, 500 short tons are the equivalent of 453.6 metric tons (500 short tons x
0.9071847 metric tons/short ton = 453.6 metric tons).
In the metric system of weights and measures, the names of multiples and subdivisions of any unit may be derived by combining the name of the unit with prefixes,
such as deka, hecto, and kilo, meaning, respectively, 10, 100, 1,000, and deci,
centi, and milli, meaning, respectively, one-tenth, one-hundredth, and
one-thousandth. Common metric prefixes can be found in Table B2.
The conversion factors presented in Table B3 can be used to calculate equivalents in
various physical units commonly used in energy analyses. For example, 10 barrels
are the equivalent of 420 U.S. gallons (10 barrels x 42 gallons/barrel = 420
gallons).
347
Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors

Type of Unit
U.S. Unit
Equivalent in Metric Units
Mass
1 short ton (2,000 lb)

1 long ton
1 pound (lb)
1 pound uranium oxide (lb U3O8)
1 ounce, avoirdupois (avdp oz)
=
=
=
=
=
0.907 184 7
1.016 047
0.453 592 37a
0.384 647b
28.349 52
metric tons (t)

metric tons (t)
kilograms (kg)
kilograms uranium (kgU)
grams (g)
Volume
1 barrel of oil (bbl)

1 cubic yard (yd3)
1 cubic foot (ft3)
1 U.S. gallon (gal)
1 ounce, fluid (fl oz)
1 cubic inch (in3)
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.158 987 3
0.764 555
0.028 316 85
3.785 412
29.573 53
16.387 06
cubic meters (m3)

cubic meters (m3)
cubic meters (m3)
liters (L)
milliliters (mL)
milliliters (mL)
Length
1 mile (mi)
1 yard (yd)
1 foot (ft)
1 inch (in)
=
=
=
=
1.609 344a
0.914 4a
0.304 8a
2.54a
kilometers (km)
meters (m)
meters (m)
centimeters (cm)
Area
1 acre
1 square mile (mi2)
1 square yard (yd2)
1 square foot (ft2)
1 square inch (in2)
=
=
=
=
=
0.404 69
2.589 988
0.836 127 4
0.092 903 04a
6.451 6a
hectares (ha)
square kilometers (km2)
square meters (m2)
square meters (m2)
square centimeters (cm2)
Energy
1 British thermal unit (Btu)c

1 calorie (cal)
1 kilowatthour (kWh)
=
=
=
1,055.055 852 62a

4.186 8a
3.6a
Temperatured
32 degrees Fahrenheit (F)

212 degrees Fahrenheit (F)
=
=
0a
100a
joules (J)
joules (J)
megajoules (MJ)
degrees Celsius (C)
degrees Celsius (C)
Exact conversion.
Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
c
The Btu used in this table is the International Table Btu adopted by the Fifth International Conference on Properties of Steam, London, 1956.
d
To convert degrees Fahrenheit (F) to degrees Celsius (C) exactly, subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.
Notes: Spaces have been inserted after every third digit to the right of the decimal for ease of reading. Most metric units belong to the
International System of Units (SI), and the liter, hectare, and metric ton are accepted for use with the SI units. For more information about the SI
units, see http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/append_b.html.
Sources: General Services Administration, Federal Standard 376B, Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government
(Washington, DC, January 1993), pp. 9-11, 13, and 16. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Special Publications 330, 811, and 814. American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, ANSI/IEEE Std
268-1992, pp. 28 and 29.
b
348
Table B2. Metric Prefixes

Unit Multiple
101
2
Prefix
Symbol
deka
da
Unit Subdivision
10-1
-2
Prefix
Symbol
deci
10
hecto
10
centi
103
kilo
10-3
milli
106
mega
10-6
micro
109
1012
giga
tera
G
T
10-9
10-12
nano
pico
n
p
1015
peta
10-15
femto
exa
10-18
atto
-21
18
10
21
10
zetta
10
zepto
1024
yotta
10-24
yocto

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, The International System of Units (SI), NIST
Special Publication 330, 1991 Edition (Washington, DC, August 1991), p.10.
Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors

Energy Source
Original Unit
Equiv alent in Final Units
Petroleum
1 barrel (bbl)
42a
Coal
1 short ton
1 long ton
1 metric ton (t)
=
=
=
2,000a
2,240a
1,000a
pounds (lb)
pounds (lb)
kilograms (kg)
Wood
1 cord (cd)
1 cord (cd)
=
=
1.25b
128a
shorts tons
cubic feet (ft3)
U.S. gallons (gal)
Exact conversion.
Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-10, C-17
b
and C-21.
349
Appendix C
Figure C1. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions
Note: Map not to scale.

Web Page: See www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
351
Appendix D
Table D1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Population
United States
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1
World
Million People
149.2
152.3
165.9
180.7
194.3
205.1
216.0
218.0
220.2
222.6
225.1
227.2
229.5
231.7
233.8
235.8
237.9
240.1
242.3
244.5
246.8
249.6
253.0
256.5
259.9
263.1
266.3
269.4
272.6
275.9
279.0
282.2
R285.0
R287.7
R290.2
R292.9
R295.6
R298.4
R301.4
R304.2
R306.7
309.1
NA
R2,556.5
R2,781.2
R3,042.4
R3,350.2
R3,713.0
R4,090.4
R4,161.6
R4,233.6
R4,305.7
R4,380.7
R4,452.9
R4,535.7
R4,615.6
R4,696.6
R4,776.7
R4,858.3
R4,942.0
R5,028.3
R5,115.2
R5,201.8
R5,289.0
R5,372.0
R5,456.7
R5,538.8
R5,619.4
R5,700.3
R5,780.5
R5,859.1
R5,936.7
R6,013.5
R6,089.6
R6,166.1
R6,242.3
R6,318.0
R6,393.7
R6,469.7
R6,546.3
R6,623.9
R6,701.0
R6,776.8
6,852.5
U.S. Gross Domestic Product

United States
as Share of World
Percent
Billion
Nominal Dollars
NA
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.8
R4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
R4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
R4.5
4.5
4.5
267.2
293.7
414.7
526.4
719.1
1,038.3
1,637.7
1,824.6
2,030.1
2,293.8
2,562.2
2,788.1
3,126.8
3,253.2
3,534.6
3,930.9
4,217.5
4,460.1
4,736.4
5,100.4
5,482.1
5,800.5
5,992.1
6,342.3
6,667.4
7,085.2
7,414.7
7,838.5
8,332.4
8,793.5
9,353.5
9,951.5
10,286.2
10,642.3
11,142.1
11,867.8
12,638.4
13,398.9
R14,061.8
R14,369.1
R14,119.0
14,660.4
Resident population of the 50 States and the District of Columbia estimated for July 1 of each year.
In chained (2005) dollars. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.
4 The gross domestic product implicit price deflator is used to convert nominal dollars to chained (2005)
dollars.
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#appendices for all data beginning in
1949. For related information, see http://www.census.gov/ and http://www.bea.gov/.
2
3
Billion
Real (2005) Dollars
1,844.7
2,006.0
2,500.3
2,830.9
3,610.1
4,269.9
4,879.5
5,141.3
5,377.7
5,677.6
5,855.0
5,839.0
5,987.2
5,870.9
6,136.2
6,577.1
6,849.3
7,086.5
7,313.3
7,613.9
7,885.9
8,033.9
8,015.1
8,287.1
8,523.4
8,870.7
9,093.7
9,433.9
9,854.3
10,283.5
10,779.8
11,226.0
11,347.2
11,553.0
11,840.7
12,263.8
12,638.4
12,976.2
R13,228.9
R13,228.8
R12,880.6
13,248.2
Implicit Price Deflator

(2005 = 1.00000)
0.14486
.14644
.16587
.18596
.19919
.24317
.33563
.35489
.37751
.40400
.43761
.47751
.52225
.55412
.57603
.59766
.61576
.62937
.64764
.66988
.69518
.72201
.74760
.76533
.78224
.79872
.81536
.83088
.84555
.85511
.86768
.88647
.90650
.92118
.94100
.96770
1.00000
1.03257
R1.06296
R1.08619
R1.09615
1.10659
Sources: U.S. Population: 1949-1989U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC), U.S. Bureau of the
Census, Current Population Reports Series P-25, June 2000. 1990-1999DOC, U.S. Bureau of the
Census, State Population Estimates, April 11, 2002. 2000 forwardDOC, U.S. Bureau of the Census,
State Population Estimates, February 2011. World Population: 1950 forwardDOC, U.S. Bureau of
the Census, International Database (April 11, 2011). U.S. Gross Domestic Product: 1949
forwardDOC, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts (March 25, 2011),
Tables 1.1.5, 1.1.6, and 1.1.9.
353
Appendix E
Table E1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945
(Quadrillion Btu)
Fossil Fuels
Year
1635
1645
1655
1665
1675
1685
1695
1705
1715
1725
1735
1745
1755
1765
1775
1785
1795
1805
1815
1825
1835
1845
1850
1855
1860
1865
1870
1875
1880
1885
1890
1895
1900
1905
1910
1915
1920
1925
1930
1935
1940
1945
Renewable Energy
Coal
Natural
Gas
Petroleum
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.219
.421
.518
.632
1.048
1.440
2.054
2.840
4.062
4.950
6.841
10.001
12.714
13.294
15.504
14.706
13.639
10.634
12.535
15.972
0.082
.257
.147
.252
.372
.540
.673
.813
1.191
1.932
1.919
2.665
3.871
0.003
.010
.011
.011
.096
.040
.156
.168
.229
.610
1.007
1.418
2.676
4.280
5.897
5.675
7.760
10.110
Biomass
Total
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Power
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.219
.421
.521
.642
1.059
1.451
2.150
2.962
4.475
5.265
7.322
10.983
14.261
15.385
18.993
20.177
21.468
18.228
22.960
29.953
0.022
.090
.250
.386
.539
.659
.738
.668
.752
.806
.880
1.442
(s)
0.001
.002
.005
.007
.009
.014
.022
.037
.056
.080
.112
.155
.200
.249
.310
.402
.537
.714
.960
1.305
1.757
2.138
2.389
2.641
2.767
2.893
2.872
2.851
2.683
2.515
2.306
2.015
1.843
1.765
1.688
1.610
1.533
1.455
1.397
1.358
11.261
1 There is a discontinuity in the "Wood" time series between 1945 and 1949. Through 1945, data are for
fuelwood only; beginning in 1949, data are for wood and wood-derived fuels (see Table 10.1).
NA=Not available. =Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu.
Notes: For years not shown, there are no data available. See Tables 1.3 and 10.1 for continuation
of these data series from 1949 forward. See Note, "Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635-1945," at
end of section.
Sources: Coal, Natural Gas, and Petroleum: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table VII.
Conventional Hydroelectric Power: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table II. Wood:
1635-1845: U.S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 641, Fuel Wood Used in the United States
Wood
Total
Electricity
Net
Imports
Total
(s)
0.001
.002
.005
.007
.009
.014
.022
.037
.056
.080
.112
.155
.200
.249
.310
.402
.537
.714
.960
1.305
1.757
2.138
2.389
2.641
2.767
2.893
2.872
2.851
2.683
2.537
2.396
2.265
2.229
2.304
2.347
2.348
2.201
2.207
2.203
2.238
2.703
0.002
.003
.004
.005
.005
.007
.009
(s)
0.001
.002
.005
.007
.009
.014
.022
.037
.056
.080
.112
.155
.200
.249
.310
.402
.537
.714
.960
1.305
1.757
2.357
2.810
3.162
3.409
3.952
4.323
5.001
5.645
7.012
7.661
9.587
13.212
16.565
17.734
21.344
22.382
23.680
20.436
25.205
32.665
1630-1930, February 1942. This source estimates fuelwood consumption in cords per decade, which were
converted to Btu using the conversion factor of 20 million Btu per cord. The annual average value for each
decade was assigned to the fifth year of the decade on the assumption that annual use was likely to
increase during any given decade and the average annual value was more likely to reflect mid-decade
yearly consumption than use at either the beginning or end of the decade. Values thus begin in 1635 and
are plotted at 10-year intervals. 1850-1945: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table VII.
Electricity Net Imports: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Tables I and VI. Calculated as the
difference between hydroelectric consumption and hydroelectric production times 3,412 Btu per
kilowatthour.
355
Appendix E
Note: Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635-1945. Table E1 presents
estimates of U.S. energy consumption by energy source for a period that begins a
century and a half before the original 13 colonies formed a political union and
continues through the decades during which the United States was still expanding
territorially. The question thus arises, what exactly is meant by U.S. consumption
of an energy source for those years when the United States did not formally exist or
consisted of less territory than is now encompassed by the 50 States and the District
of Columbia?
The documents used to assemble the estimates, and (as far as possible) the sources
of those documents, were reviewed carefully for clues to geographic coverage. For
most energy sources, the extent of coverage expanded more rapidly than the Nation,
defined as all the official States and the District of Columbia. Estimates or
measurements of consumption of each energy source generally appear to follow
settlement patterns. That is, they were made for areas of the continent that were
settled enough to have economically significant consumption even though those
areas were not to become States for years. The wood data series, for example,
begins in 1635 and includes 12 of the original colonies (excepting Georgia), as well
356
as Maine, Vermont, and the area that would become the District of Columbia. By
the time the series reaches 1810, the rest of the continental States are all included,
though the last of the 48 States to achieve statehood did not do so until 1912.
Likewise, the coal data series begins in 1850 but includes consumption in areas,
such as Utah and Washington (State), which were significant coal-producing
regions but had not yet attained statehood. (Note: No data were available on
State-level historical coal consumption. The coal data shown in Table E1 through
1945 describe apparent consumption, i.e., production plus imports minus exports.
The geographic coverage for coal was therefore based on a tally of coal-producing
States listed in various historical issues of Minerals Yearbook. It is likely that coal
was consumed in States where it was not mined in significant quantities.)
By energy source, the extent of coverage can be summarized as follows: Coal35
coal-producing States by 1885. Natural GasAll 48 contiguous States, the
District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. PetroleumAll 48 contiguous States,
the District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. Conventional Hydroelectric
PowerCoverage for 1890 and 1895 is uncertain, but probably the 48 contiguous
States and the District of Columbia. Coverage for 1900 through 1945 is the 48
contiguous States, and the District of Columbia. WoodAll 48 contiguous States
and the District of Columbia by 1810.
Appendix F
Alternatives for Estimating Energy Consumption
consumed for electricity generation has been based on estimates of plant efficiencies
in converting geothermal energy to electricity.
I. Introduction
This year, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) has examined different
ways to represent energy consumption in the Annual Energy Review (AER). This
examination centered on two methods for representing related aspects of energy
consumption and losses. The first is an alternative method for deriving the energy
content of noncombustible renewable resources, which has been implemented in
AER 2010 (Table 1.3). The second is a new representation of delivered total energy
and energy losses.
This appendix provides an explanation of these alternative methods. Section II
provides a background discussion of the alternatives and the reasons for considering
these changes to the energy balance presentation. Section III identifies the specific
changes incorporated in AER 2010.
The fossil-fuel equivalency approach evolved in an era when the primary goal of
U.S. energy policy was reducing dependence on imported petroleum and when a
significant amount of electricity was generated using fuel oil. It was intended to
indicate the amount of fossil energy displaced by the renewable energy source. But
fuel oil is no longer used to generate electricity to a substantial degree and the
international community largely uses a different approach, applying the constant
conversion factor of 3,412 Btu/kWh. In addition, using a separate approach for
geothermal generation may distort the analysis of the relative share of this
generation resource. EIA also has a desire to better account for energy losses and
efficiency. For these reasons, EIA considered three alternative methods for deriving
the energy contents for noncombustible renewables, designated here as the
fossil-fuel equivalency, captured energy, and incident energy approaches.
Fossil-Fuel Equivalency Approach
II. Background
Alternative Approaches for Deriving Energy Contents for
Noncombustible Renewables
EIA compiles data on most energy sources in physical units, such as barrels and
cubic feet, in order to calculate total primary energy consumption. Before
aggregation, EIA converts data for these energy sources to the common unit of
British thermal units (Btu), a measure that is based on the thermal conversion of
energy resources to heat and power.
Noncombustible renewables are resources from which energy is extracted without
the burning or combustion of a fuel. They include hydroelectric, geothermal, solar,
and wind energy. Because power from noncombustible renewables is produced
without fuel combustion, there are no set Btu conversion factors for these energy
sources.
In the past, EIA has represented hydroelectric, solar, and wind energy consumed for
electric generation as the amount of energy it would require, on average, to produce
an equivalent number of kilowatthours (kWh) of electricity using fossil fuels. In this
appendix, this approach is referred to as the "fossil-fuel equivalency" approach. For
the remaining noncombustible renewable resource, geothermal energy, energy
With this approach, EIA would continue to apply the fossil-fuel equivalent
conversion factor to hydroelectric, solar, and wind energy and would begin applying
it to geothermal energy. This approach would eliminate the inconsistency between
geothermal and other noncombustibles, enable fuel displacement analysis, and
maintain the continuity of a data series with which users are familiar. However, the
fossil-fuel equivalency approach does not represent any real market quantity. It
measures neither primary energy consumed nor fossil fuel actually displaced.
Additionally, its use will likely become increasingly problematic if renewables begin
to displace other renewables instead of fossil fuels.
Captured Energy Approach

With this approach, EIA would apply the fixed factor of 3,412 Btu/kWh (the Btu
value of electric energy generated) to measure the renewable energy consumed for
electric generation for all noncombustible renewables. Using this approach would
effectively count as primary energy only that noncombustible renewable energy that
is captured for economic use.
EIA will use the term captured energy in referring to the energy actually "captured"
by a noncombustible renewable energy system for final use. Thus, it is the net
energy available for consumption after transformation of a noncombustible
357
renewable resource into a usable energy carrier (such as electricity) or energy that is
directly used. Another way of stating it is that captured energy is the energy
measured as the "output" of the device, such as electricity from a wind turbine or
solar plant.
This approach would not require EIA to make generalized assumptions regarding
the actual conversion of these resources (wind, sunshine, falling water) into
electricity. It would move U.S. reporting standards closer to international norms,
which have been vetted by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the
international energy statistical community through years of actual use.
Additionally, this approach better shows the economically significant energy
transformations in the United States because the "lost" noncombustible renewable
energy does not incur any significant economic cost (there is no market for the
resource-specific energy apart from its immediate, site-specific energy conversion,
and there is no substantive opportunity cost to its continued exploitation.1) On the
other hand, this approach implies that conversion of noncombustible renewable
energy is 100-percent efficient. In other words, it implies that there is no physical
energy loss from the conversion of noncombustible renewables to electricity. In
fact, renewable energy conversion can be very inefficient (largely because of the
lack of alternative economic uses discussed above). Thus, this approach does not
provide an accurate measure of the physical consumption of energy to produce
electricity from these resources.
Incident Energy Approach

With this approach, EIA would use actual or estimated energy efficiencies of renewable
conversion technologies to determine the Btu value of the input energy used to produce
reported renewable generation. For example, rather than treating the electricity generated
at a solar plant as primary energy, an empirical estimate of the actual portion of solar
radiation incident on the solar panel that is converted to electricity would be used.
EIA will define "incident energy" for noncombustible renewable resources as the
gross energy that first strikes an energy conversion device. In contrast to captured
energy, incident energy is the mechanical, radiation, or thermal energy that is
measurable at the "input" of the device. For wind, this would be the energy
contained in the wind that passes through the rotor disc; for solar, the energy
contained in the sunlight that strikes the panel or collector mirror; for hydroelectric,
the energy contained in the water passing through the penstock (a closed conduit for
carrying water to the turbines); and, for geothermal, the energy contained in the hot
fluid at the surface of the wellbore.
This approach lends itself to a view of showing the physical reality of energy
transformations in the United States. However, few renewable energy plants track
cumulative input energy because of its lack of economic significance. Therefore, it
would be difficult to obtain accurate estimates of efficiency without creating undue
burden on survey respondents. Furthermore, this approach has not been vetted in
the energy statistics community and its use would be inconsistent with IEA and
other international statistics.
Table F1 shows factors that could be used to estimate the energy incident on the
primary energy collection device of a noncombustible renewable power plant.
These factors represent energy output as a percent of energy input. The conversion
efficiency of renewable generation equipment is generally specified by the
manufacturer, although this specification may differ from realized efficiencies for
several reasons, including: the effects of balance-of-plant factors; environmental
conditions that are different than conditions that the equipment was rated for; and
variability in operating conditions for equipment that is rated under fixed conditions.
The efficiencies shown in this table are not estimates of the actual, operational
efficiency of the technologies indicated. Rather they are notional indications of the
efficiencies that each technology may be able to achieve with typical equipment
operating within the normal operating range for that technology.
There is an initial opportunity cost when first building such a facility: the water behind a dam might inundate land with alternative uses or a solar panel might shade some
area that could otherwise use the sunlight. But that is a fixed opportunity cost that does not effectively change by normal operation of the plant.
358
Table F1. Conversion Efficiencies of Noncombustible

Renewable Energy Sources
(Percent)
Source
Geothermal
Conventional Hydroelectric
Solar Photovoltaic
Solar Thermal Power
Wind
Notional Efficiency1
16
90
12
21
26
1
Efficiencies may vary significantly for each technology based on site-specific
technology and environmental factors. Factors shown represent engineering estimates for
typical equipment under specific operational conditions.
Sources: Geothermal: Estimated by EIA on the basis of an informal survey of
relevant plants. Conventional Hydroelectric: Based on published estimates for the
efficiency of large-scale hydroelectric plants. See
http://www.usbr.gov/power/edu/pamphlet.pdf. Solar Photovoltaic: Based on the average
rated efficiency for a sample of commercially available modules. Rated efficiency is the
conversion efficiency under standard test conditions, which represents a fixed, controlled
operating point for the equipment; efficiency can vary with temperature and the strength of
incident sunlight. Rated efficiencies are based on the direct current (DC) output of the
module; since grid-tied applications require alternating current (AC) output, efficiencies
are adjusted to account for a 20 percent reduction in output when converting from DC to
AC. Solar Thermal Power: Estimated by dividing the rated maximum power available
from the generator by the power available under standard solar conditions (1,000 W/m2)
from the aperture area of solar collectors. Wind: Based on the average efficiency at rated
wind speed for a sample of commercially available wind turbines. The rated wind speed is
the minimum wind speed at which a turbine achieves its nameplate rated output under
standard atmospheric conditions. Efficiency is calculated by dividing the nameplate rated
power by the power available from the wind stream intercepted by the rotor disc at the
rated wind speed.
Conclusion
After review of the three options, EIA has elected to follow a hybrid of the first two
approaches for the AER 2010. The primary energy value of noncombustible
renewables consumed for electricity generation will be measured using the
fossil-fuel equivalent factor. However, this value will be reported as the sum of
captured energy and an "Adjustment for Fossil Fuel Equivalence," which is the
difference between the fossil-fuel equivalent value and the value obtained using the
3,412 Btu/kWh factor. This adjustment value represents the energy loss that would
have been incurred if the electricity had been generated by fossil fuels. For solar
and geothermal energy used directly, EIA will continue to use the factors currently
employed.
This method will not cause a change to total primary energy consumption of hydro,
solar, or wind energy, but it will allow users to easily distinguish actual economic
energy consumption from the imputed displacement value, which is retained both to
provide backward compatibility for data users accustomed to this measure and to
allow for easier analysis of certain energy efficiency and production trends. The
separate reporting of captured energy will also facilitate comparisons with
international data sets.
For geothermal energy consumed to generate electricity, EIA will recalculate current
and historical values using the fossil-fuel equivalent factor. This recalculation will
change the following values presented in the AER 2010: the primary consumption
of total energy (Tables 1.1 and 1.3); the consumption of geothermal for electricity
generation (Tables 8.4a and b); and the consumption of renewable energy (Tables
10.1 and 10.2c).
New Representation of Delivered Total Energy and Energy Losses

The examination of heat rates for noncombustible fuels led EIA to also consider
alternative methods of accounting for final energy consumption and energy losses.
Final energy consumption differs from primary energy consumption in that it
represents the amount (in terms of Btu) of energy actually consumed, in its final
form, by an end user. For example, primary energy consumption of coal includes all
the heat content in the coal consumed, while final energy consumption will include
only the heat content of any coal consumed in its original form and the heat content
of any products transformed from coal, such as electricity generated from coal.
EIA analyzed energy transformation in the United States. In all transformation
processes, some useful energy is lost in achieving the conversion from one energy
form to another. The most significant losses, by far, occur when electricity is
generated from primary energy resources. Figure F1 illustrates an alternate method
of accounting for energy consumption, based on the concept of delivered total
energy.
In the AER 2010, as in previous AERs, the electric power sector is viewed as an
energy-consuming sector. For each of the end-use sectors residential, commercial,
industrial, and transportation total energy consumption is made up of the primary
energy source consumed plus electricity retail sales and electrical system energy
losses. Electrical system energy losses include transformation losses, the adjustment
for fossil fuel equivalence (as discussed above), power plant use of electricity,
transmission and distribution losses, and unaccounted for electricity. They are
allocated to the end-use demand sectors in proportion to each sector's share of total
electricity sales.
359
In the alternative representation (Figure F1), the electric power sector is not treated
as an energy-consuming sector but as a sector that transforms and redistributes
energy to final users. In order to better represent the amount of energy actually
consumed by the final user, this method eliminates the allocation of electrical system
energy losses to consuming sectors. Electricity retail sales to each sector, as
reported by energy service providers, continue to be viewed as end-use
consumption and, thus, are included in Delivered Total Energy. In Figure F1,
delivered total energy represents the gross energy that enters an end-use facility
(home, business, factory, and so forth). In some cases, there are conversion or
transformation processes within the facility that create additional losses before the
final consumption of the energy, so that the net energy consumed for useful
application will be less than shown in the figure. For example, natural gas furnaces
typically lose some amount of heat in the chimney, energy which then does not go
toward heating the building.
the fossil-fuels heat rate. Direct final consumption of geothermal and solar energy is
obtained from AER Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.
Total primary consumption for noncombustible renewables is the sum of captured
energy (or energy produced) and the "adjustment for fossil fuel equivalence." Like
total primary consumption, captured energy includes: geothermal heat pump and
direct use of geothermal energy; solar thermal direct use energy; and
noncombustible resources that are transformed into electricity. However, electricity
generation for all noncombustible renewables is converted to Btu using the energy
content of electricity, 3,412 Btu per kWh.
Table F2 provides a comparison of Primary Energy Consumption and Delivered

Total Energy by energy-use sector. Sources for Primary Energy Consumption by
sector are AER Tables 5.14, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, and 10.2. Data from those tables are
converted from physical units to Btu using heat contents given in Appendix A.
Sources for Delivered Total Energy are AER Tables 2.1 b through e.
In order to prevent any inconsistency between data presented in the modified Table
1.3 and the AER Section 10, "Renewable Energy," EIA will show data for the
individual noncombustible renewables (hydroelectricity, wind, etc.,) in Section 10
only.
In the AER 2010, total primary energy consumed for individual
noncombustible renewables can be found in Table 10.1. A detailed breakout of the
noncombustible renewable consumption components summarized in Table 1.3 is
provided in Table F3. Table F3 shows the components of captured energy and the
adjustment for fossil fuel equivalence (regarded as a loss), by individual energy
source, for 2010. The columns labeled "Transformed into Electricity" represent the
energy value of electricity generated from each type of noncombustible renewable
resource. These values are calculated by multiplying net generation in Table 8.2 by
3,412 Btu/kWh.
III. Changes to the AER 2010

The major change to AER 2010 is the modification of Table 1.3 to incorporate the
new treatment of noncombustible renewable energy consumption. The value of
geothermal energy consumption and, consequently, total primary energy
consumption is slightly lower than previously published for all years due to the use
of a new geothermal conversion factor (the fossil-fuels heat rate from Table A6).
See Section II of this appendix for further explanation.
The sum of hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, and wind primary consumption is now
shown as total primary energy consumption for noncombustible renewables. That
total includes: geothermal heat pump and direct use of geothermal energy; solar
thermal direct use energy; and noncombustible resources that are transformed into
electricity. Noncombustible resources transformed into electricity are equal to
electricity generation from all noncombustible renewables converted to Btu using
The "adjustment for fossil fuel equivalence" is equal to the difference between total
primary consumption of noncombustibles in Btu (calculated using the fossil-fuels
heat rate) and captured energy. There is no adjustment for fossil fuel equivalence
associated with direct consumption of geothermal and solar energy.
For each noncombustible renewable, the adjustment for fossil fuel equivalence is
calculated as the difference between the fossil fuel equivalent value of electricity
generated and the value of Transformed into Electricity. 2 For geothermal, direct
consumption is the heat either captured and used directly from thermal ground water
sources or extracted by ground-source heat pump. Values are from Tables 10.2a and
10.2b. Solar/PV direct consumption includes solar thermal energy used directly in
the residential and electric power sectors. These values are from Tables 10.2a and
10.2c. Captured energy is equal to energy "transformed into electricity" for
conventional hydroelectricity and wind. For geothermal and solar/PV, captured
energy equals the sum of direct consumption and energy transformed into electricity.
The fossil fuel equivalent value of electricity generated is equal to electricity in kWh times the average heat content of the fossil fuel mix actually consumed in generating
electricity for a given year.
360
Figure F1. Primary Energy Consumption and Delivered Total Energy, 2010
(Quadrillion Btu)
Primary Energy Consumption

by Source1
Delivered Total Energy

by Sector8
Includes electricity net imports, not shown separately.

Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleumbiofuels are
included in Renewable Energy.
3
Excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.
4
Includes less than 0.1 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net exports.
5
Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, wind, and biomass.
6
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business
is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
7
Calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the
energy content of electricity retail sales. See Note, Electrical System Energy Losses,
at end of Section 2.
2
8
Includes transformation losses other than electrical system energy losses. For
example, see notes 9 and 10 on this page.
9
Includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants.
10
Includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial
Note: Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding.
Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2010, Tables
1.3, 2.1b-f, 10.3, and 10.4.
361
Table F2. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2010

(Quadrillion Btu)
Primary Energy Consumption1
Residential
Commercial
Industrial3
Transportation3
Delivered Total Energy2

Electric
Power
Total
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Electrical System
Energy
Losses4
26,784
Transportation
Total
Year
2010
6,841
4,175
19,984
27,425
39,579
98,004
11,791
8,711
23,267
27,451
71,220
1
Includes Adjustment for Fossil Fuel Equivalence. See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.
2
Includes electricity sales to each sector in addition to Primary Energy consumed in the sector.
3
Small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are reported as industrial sector consumption. Includes net imports of s upplemental liquids and coal coke.
4
Calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales.
Table F3. Noncombustible Renewable Primary Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 2010
(Trillion Btu)
Noncombustible Renewables
Conventional Hydroelectric
Power1
Transformed
into
Electricity4
Adjustment
for
Fossil
Fuel
Equivalence5
1,632
Total
Primary
Energy6
Geothermal2
Direct
Consumption7
Transformed
into
Electricity4
Adjustment
for
Fossil
Fuel
Equivalence5
99
Solar/PV3
Total
Primary
Energy8
Direct
Consumption9
Transformed
into
Electricity4
Adjustment
for
Fossil
Fuel
Equivalence5
8
Wind
Total
Primary
Energy8
Transformed
into
Electricity4
Adjustment
for
Fossil
Fuel
Equivalence5
601
Total
Primary
Energy6
924
Year
2010
877
2,509
60
53
212
97
4
109
323
1
Excludes pumped storage.
2
Geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal heat used to generate electricity.
3
Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy.
4
Equals generation in kilowatthours (kWh) multiplied by the energy conversion factor of 3,412 Btu/kWh.
5
Equal to the difference between the fossil fuel-equivalent value of electricity and the energy content of the final consumed electricity. The fossil fuel-equivalent value of electricity equals
generation in kilowatthours multiplied by the average heat rate of fossil-fueled plants. The energy content of final consumed electricity equals generation in kilowatthours multiplied by the energy
conversion factor of 3,412 Btu/KWh.
6
Equal to generation in kilowatthours multiplied by the average heat rate of fossil-fueled plants.
7
Reported Btu of geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
8
Includes direct consumption of resources and resources transformed to electricity. Resources transformed to electricity are equal to generation in kilowatthours (kWh) multiplied by the average
heat rate of fossil-fueled plants.
9
Residential sector direct use of solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the average heat rate of fossil-fueled plants).
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Glossary
Alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical compounds composed of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The series of molecules vary in chain length and are
composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group: CH3-(CH2)n-OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary butyl alcohol). See Fuel Ethanol.
Anthropogenic: Made or generated by a human or caused by human activity. The

term is used in the context of global climate change to refer to gaseous emissions
that are the result of human activities, as well as other potentially climate-altering
activities, such as deforestation.
Alternative Fuel: Alternative fuels, for transportation applications, include the

following: methanol; denatured ethanol, and other alcohols; fuel mixtures containing 85 percent or more by volume of methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols with motor gasoline or other fuels; natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas
(propane); hydrogen; coal-derived liquid fuels; fuels (other than alcohol) derived
from biological materials (biofuels such as soy diesel fuel); electricity (including
electricity from solar energy); and "... any other fuel the Secretary determines, by
rule, is substantially not petroleum and would yield substantial energy security
benefits and substantial environmental benefits." The term "alternative fuel" does
not include alcohol or other blended portions of primarily petroleum-based fuels
used as oxygenates or extenders, i.e. MTBE, ETBE, other ethers, and the
10-percent ethanol portion of gasohol.
API: The American Petroleum Institute, a trade association.
Alternative-Fuel Vehicle (AFV): A vehicle designed to operate on an alternative

fuel (e.g., compressed natural gas, methane blend, or electricity). The vehicle
could be either a dedicated vehicle designed to operate exclusively on alternative
fuel or a nondedicated vehicle designed to operate on alternative fuel and/or a traditional fuel.
Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as
hard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage of
volatile matter. The moisture content of fresh-mined anthracite generally is less
than 15 percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28 million Btu
per short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of anthracite
consumed in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on the
as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter).
Note: Since the 1980s, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for steamelectric power generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of 15 million Btu
per short ton or less. See Coal Rank.
API Gravity: American Petroleum Institute measure of specific gravity of crude

oil or condensate in degrees. An arbitrary scale expressing the gravity or density of
liquid petroleum products. The measuring scale is calibrated in terms of degrees
API; it is calculated as follows: Degrees API = (141.5 / sp.gr.60 deg.F/60 deg.F) 131.5.
Asphalt: A dark-brown to black cement-like material obtained by petroleum processing and containing bitumens as the predominant component; used primarily for
road construction. It includes crude asphalt as well as the following finished products: cements, fluxes, the asphalt content of emulsions (exclusive of water), and
petroleum distillates blended with asphalt to make cutback asphalts. Note: The
conversion factor for asphalt is 5.5 barrels per short ton.
ASTM: The American Society for Testing and Materials.
Aviation Gasoline Blending Components: Naphthas that will be used for blending or compounding into finished aviation gasoline (e.g., straight run gasoline,
alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, and xylene). Excludes oxygenates (alcohols,
ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Oxygenates are reported as other
hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.
Aviation Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable
for use in aviation reciprocating engines. Fuel specifications are provided in ASTM
Specification D910 and Military Specification MIL-G-5572. Note: Data on blending components are not counted in data on finished aviation gasoline. See Jet Fuel;
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type; and Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.
Barrel (Petroleum): A unit of volume equal to 42 U.S. Gallons.
Anthracite Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants,

consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sized
coal; sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat
value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton.
Barrels per Calendar Day: The amount of input that a distillation facility can
process under usual operating conditions. The amount is expressed in terms of
capacity during a 24-hour period and reduces the maximum processing capability of
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all units at the facility under continuous operation to account for the following limitations that may delay, interrupt, or slow down production: 1) the capability of
downstream processing units to absorb the output of crude oil processing facilities of a given refinery (no reduction is necessary for intermediate streams that
are distributed to other than downstream facilities as part of a refinerys normal
operation); 2) the types and grades of inputs to be processed; 3) the types and
grades of products expected to be manufactured; 4) the environmental constraints
associated with refinery operations; 5) the reduction of capacity for scheduled
downtime due to such conditions as routine inspection, maintenance, repairs, and
turnaround; and 6) the reduction of capacity for unscheduled downtime due to
such conditions as mechanical problems, repairs, and slowdowns.
Base Gas: The volume of gas needed as a permanent inventory to maintain
adequate underground storage reservoir pressures and deliverability rates
throughout the withdrawal season. All native gas is included in the base gas
volume.
Biodiesel: A fuel typically made from soybean, canola, or other vegetable oils;
animal fats; and recycled grease. It can serve as a substitute for petroleum-derived
diesel fuel or distillate fuel oil. For U.S. Energy Information Administration reporting, it is a fuel composed of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from
vegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100, and meeting the requirements of
ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) D 6751.
Biofuels: Liquid fuels and blending components produced from biomass (plant)
feedstocks, used primarily for transportation. See Biodiesel and Fuel Ethanol.
Biogenic: Produced by biological processes of living organisms. Note: EIA uses the
term biogenic to refer only to organic nonfossil material of biological origin.
Biomass: Organic nonfossil material of biological origin constituting a renewable
energy source. See Biodiesel, Biofuels, Biomass Waste, Fuel Ethanol, and Wood
and Wood-Derived Fuels.
Biomass Waste: Organic nonfossil material of biological origin that is a byproduct or a discarded product. Biomass waste includes municipal solid waste from
biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural crop byproducts, straw,
and other biomass solids, liquids, and gases; but excludes wood and woodderived fuels (including black liquor), biofuels feedstock, biodiesel, and fuel
ethanol. Note: EIA biomass waste data also include energy crops grown
specifically for energy production, which would not normally constitute waste.
Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often
with well-defined bands of bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in
364
steam-electric power generation, with substantial quantities also used for heat and
power applications in manufacturing and making coke. Bituminous coal is the
most abundant coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content usually is
less than 20 percent. The heat content of bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30
million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content
of bituminous coal consumed in the United States averages 24 million Btu per
short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and
mineral matter). See Coal Rank.
Black Liquor: A byproduct of the paper production process, alkaline spent liquor,
that can be used as a source of energy. Alkaline spent liquor is removed from the
digesters in the process of chemically pulping wood. After evaporation, the residual
"black" liquor is burned as a fuel in a recovery furnace that permits the recovery of
certain basic chemicals.
Breeze: The fine screenings from crushed coke. Usually breeze will pass through a
1/2-inch or 3/4-inch screen opening. It is most often used as a fuel source in the
process of agglomerating iron ore.
British Thermal Unit (Btu): The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of liquid water by 1 degree Fahrenheit at the temperature at which
water has its greatest density (approximately 39 degrees Fahrenheit). See Heat
Content.
Btu: See British Thermal Unit.
Btu Conversion Factor: A factor for converting energy data between one unit of
measurement and British thermal units (Btu). Btu conversion factors are generally
used to convert energy data from physical units of measure (such as barrels, cubic
feet, or short tons) into the energy-equivalent measure of Btu. (See
http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html for further information on Btu conversion factors.)
Bunker Fuels: Fuel supplied to ships and aircraft, both domestic and foreign,
consisting primarily of residual fuel oil and distillate fuel oil for ships and
kerosene-type jet fuel for aircraft. The term international bunker fuels is used
to denote the consumption of fuel for international transport activities. Note: For
the purposes of greenhouse gas emissions inventories, data on emissions from
combustion of international bunker fuels are subtracted from national emissions
totals. Historically, bunker fuels have meant only ship fuel.
Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon
(C4H10) extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams. It includes isobutane
and normal butane and is designated in ASTM Specification D1835 and Gas
Processors Association Specifications for commercial butane.
Isobutane: A normally gaseous branched-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 10.9 degrees Fahrenheit. It
is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams.
Normal Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon. It is a
colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 31.1 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams.
Butylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C4H8) recovered from refinery processes.
Capacity: See Generator Capacity.
weights of goods and services in a single year, usually a recent year. In 1996, the
U.S. Department of Commerce introduced the chained-dollar measure. The new
measure is based on the average weights of goods and services in successive pairs
of years. It is chained because the second year in each pair, with its weights,
becomes the first year of the next pair. The advantage of using the chained-dollar
measure is that it is more closely related to any given period covered and is therefore
subject to less distortion over time.
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC): Any of various compounds consisting of carbon,
hydrogen, chlorine, and flourine used as refrigerants. CFCs are now thought to be
harmful to the Earths atmosphere.
City Gate: A point or measuring station at which a distribution gas utility receives
gas from a natural gas pipeline company or transmission system.
Capacity Factor: See Generator Capacity Factor.

Captured Energy: The net energy available for consumption after transformation of
a noncombustible renewable resource into electricity and noncombustible renewable
energy that is directly used. For example, it is the energy measured at the output of a
conversion device, such as electricity from a wind turbine or solar plant.
Captive Coal: Coal produced to satisfy the needs of the mine owner, or of a parent,
subsidiary, or other affiliate of the mine owner (for example, steel companies and
electricity generators), rather than for open market sale. See Open Market Coal.
Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless, non-poisonous gas (CO2) that is a normal
part of Earths atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a product of fossil-fuel combustion as
well as other processes. It is considered a greenhouse gas as it traps heat (infrared
energy) radiated by the Earth into the atmosphere and thereby contributes to the
potential for global warming. The global warming potential (GWP) of other
greenhouse gases is measured in relation to that of carbon dioxide, which by international scientific convention is assigned a value of one (1).
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent: The amount of carbon dioxide by weight emitted
into the atmosphere that would produce the same estimated radiative forcing as a
given weight of another radiatively active gas. Carbon dioxide equivalents are
computed by multiplying the weight of the gas being measured (for example,
methane) by its estimated global warming potential (which is 21 for methane).
Carbon equivalent units are defined as carbon dioxide equivalents multiplied by
the carbon content of carbon dioxide (i.e., 12/44).
Chained Dollars: A measure used to express real prices. Real prices are those
that have been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing power
of the dollar; they usually reflect buying power relative to a reference year. Prior
to 1996, real prices were expressed in constant dollars, a measure based on the
Climate Change: A term used to refer to all forms of climatic inconsistency, but
especially to significant change from one prevailing climatic condition to another.
In some cases, climate change has been used synonymously with the term global
warming; scientists, however, tend to use the term in a wider sense to include
natural changes in climate as well as climatic cooling.
Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black rock whose composition,
including inherent moisture, consists of more than 50 percent by weight and more
than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It is formed from plant
remains that have been compacted, hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time. See Coal Rank.
Coal Coke: See Coke, Coal.
Coal Rank: The classification of coals according to their degree of progressive
alteration from lignite to anthracite. In the United States, the standard ranks of coal
include lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous coal, and anthracite and are
based on fixed carbon, volatile matter, heating value, and agglomerating (or caking)
properties.
Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in storage for future use and disposition.
Note: When coal data are collected for a particular reporting period (month, quarter,
or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as of the last day of this period.
Coal Synfuel: Coal-based solid fuel that has been processed by a coal synfuel
plant; and coal-based fuels such as briquettes, pellets, or extrusions, which are
formed from fresh or recycled coal and binding materials.
Coal Synfuel Plant: A plant engaged in the chemical transformation of coal into
coal synfuel.
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Coke, Coal: A solid carbonaceous residue derived from low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an
oven at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so that the fixed carbon
and residual ash are fused together. Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in
smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from coal is gray, hard, and porous and
has a heating value of 24.8 million Btu per short ton.
Coke, Petroleum: A residue high in carbon content and low in hydrogen that is the
final product of thermal decomposition in the condensation process in cracking. This
product is reported as marketable coke or catalyst coke. The conversion is 5 barrels
(of 42 U.S. gallons each) per short ton. Coke from petroleum has a heating value
of 6.024 million Btu per barrel.
Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant: A plant designed to produce both heat
and electricity from a single heat source. Note: This term is being used in place
of the term cogenerator that was used by EIA in the past. CHP better describes
the facilities because some of the plants included do not produce heat and power
in a sequential fashion and, as a result, do not meet the legal definition of cogeneration specified in the Public Utility Regulatory Polices Act (PURPA). See
Electricity-Only Plant.
Commercial Building: A building with more than 50 percent of its floorspace used
for commercial activities. Commercial buildings include, but are not limited to,
stores, offices, schools, churches, gymnasiums, libraries, museums, hospitals,
clinics, warehouses, and jails. Government buildings are included, except buildings
on military bases or reservations.
Commercial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of service-providing
facilities and equipment of: businesses; Federal, State, and local governments; and
other private and public organizations, such as religious, social, or fraternal groups.
The commercial sector includes institutional living quarters. It also includes sewage
treatment facilities. Common uses of energy associated with this sector include space
heating, water heating, air conditioning,lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running a
wide variety of other equipment. Note: This sector includes generators that produce
electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the activities of the
above-mentioned commercial establishments. Various EIA programs differ in sectoral
coveragefor more information see
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebcom.htm.
See End-Use
Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.
Completion (Crude Oil/Natural Gas Production): The term refers to the installation of permanent equipment for the production of crude oil or natural gas. If
a well is equipped to produce only crude oil or natural gas from one zone or
reservoir, the definition of a well (classified as a crude oil well or natural gas
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well) and the definition of a completion are identical. However, if a well is

equipped to produce crude oil and/or natural gas separately from more than one
reservoir, a well is not synonymous with a completion.
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): Natural gas compressed to a volume and
density that is practical as a portable fuel supply (even when compressed, natural gas
is not a liquid).
Conventional Hydroelectric Power: See Hydroelectric Power, Conventional.
Conventional Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Conventional.
Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data between one unit of measurement
and another (such as between short tons and British thermal units, or between
barrels and gallons). (See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html and
http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_b.html for further information on conversion
factors.) See Btu Conversion Factor and Thermal Conversion Factor.
Cooling Tower: A common type of environmental equipment installed at electric
power plants used to transfer heat, produced by burning fuel, to the atmosphere.
Cooling towers are installed where there is insufficient cooling water available or
where waste heat discharged into cooling water would affect marine life.
Criteria Pollutant: A pollutant determined to be hazardous to human health and
regulated under the Environmental Protection Agencys (EPA) National Ambient
Air Quality Standards. The 1970 amendments to the Clean Air Act require EPA to
describe the health and welfare impacts of a pollutant as the criteria for inclusion
in the regulatory regime.
Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in natural
underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities. Depending upon the characteristics of
the crude stream, it may also include: 1) small amounts of hydrocarbons that
exist in gaseous phase in natural underground reservoirs but are liquid at
atmospheric pressure after being recovered from oil well (casinghead) gas in
lease separators and are subsequently commingled with the crude stream without being separately measured. Lease condensate recovered as a liquid from
natural gas wells in lease or field separation facilities and later mixed into the
crude stream is also included; 2) small amounts of nonhydrocarbons produced
with the oil, such as sulfur and various metals; and 3) drip gases, and liquid
hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, oil sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.
Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants are excluded. Crude oil is
refined to produce a wide array of petroleum products, including heating
oils; gasoline, diesel and jet fuels; lubricants; asphalt; ethane, propane, and
butane; and many other products used for their energy or chemical content.
Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price: The price for domestic crude oil
reported by the company that owns the crude oil the first time it is removed from the
lease boundary.
Crude Oil Landed Cost: The price of crude oil at the port of discharge, including charges associated with purchasing, transporting, and insuring a cargo from
the purchase point to the port of discharge. The cost does not include charges
incurred at the discharge port (e.g., import tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, and
demurrage).
Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost: The cost of crude oil to the refiner, including transportation and other fees. The composite cost is the weighted average of
domestic and imported crude oil costs. The refiner acquisition cost does not
include the cost of crude oil purchased for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
Crude Oil Refinery Input: The total crude oil put into processing units at refineries.
Crude Oil Stocks: Stocks of crude oil and lease condensate held at refineries, in
petroleum pipelines, at pipeline terminals, and on leases.
Crude Oil Used Directly: Crude oil consumed as fuel by petroleum pipelines
and on crude oil leases.
Crude Oil Well: A well completed for the production of crude oil from one or
more crude oil zones or reservoirs. Wells producing both crude oil and natural gas
are classified as crude oil wells.
Cubic Foot (Natural Gas) The amount of natural gas contained at standard
temperature and pressure (60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.73 pounds standard per
square inch) in a cube whose edges are one foot long.
Degree-Day Normals: Simple arithmetic averages of monthly or annual degree-days
over a long period of time (usually the 30-year period 19712000). The averages may
be simple degree-day normals or population-weighted degree-day normals.
Degree-Days, Cooling (CDD): A measure of how warm a location is over a
period of time relative to a base temperature, most commonly specified as 65
degrees Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by subtracting the base
temperature (65 degrees) from the average of the days high and low
temperatures, with negative values set equal to zero. Each days cooling degreedays are summed to create a cooling degree-day measure for a specified reference
period. Cooling degree-days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of air
conditioning energy requirements or use.
Degree-Days, Heating (HDD): A measure of how cold a location is over a

period of time relative to a base temperature, most commonly specified as 65
degrees Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by subtracting the
average of the days high and low temperatures from the base temperature (65
degrees), with negative values set equal to zero. Each days heating degree-days
are summed to create a heating degree-day measure for a specified reference
period. Heating degree-days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of space
heating energy requirements or use.
Degree-Days, Population-Weighted: Heating or cooling degree-days weighted
by the population of the area in which the degree-days are recorded. To compute
State population-weighted degree-days, each State is divided into from one to
nine climatically homogeneous divisions, which are assigned weights based on
the ratio of the population of the division to the total population of the State.
Degree-day readings for each division are multiplied by the corresponding
population weight for each division and those products are then summed to
arrive at the State population-weighted degree-day figure. To compute national
population-weighted degree-days, the Nation is divided into nine Census
regions, each comprising from three to eight States, which are assigned weights
based on the ratio of the population of the region to the total population of the
Nation. Degree-day readings for each region are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each region and those products are then summed to
arrive at the national population-weighted degree-day figure.
Demand-Side Management: The planning, implementation, and monitoring of
electric utility activities designed to encourage consumers to modify patterns of
electricity usage, including the timing and level of electricity demand.
Demonstrated Reserve Base (Coal): A collective term for the sum of coal in
both measured and indicated resource categories of reliability, representing 100
percent of the in-place coal in those categories as of a certain date. Includes beds
of bituminous coal and anthracite 28 or more inches thick and beds of subbituminous coal 60 or more inches thick that can occur at depths of as much as 1,000
feet. Includes beds of lignite 60 or more inches thick that can be surface mined.
Includes also thinner and/or deeper beds that currently are being mined or for
which there is evidence that they could be mined commercially at a given time.
Represents that portion of the identified coal resource from which reserves are
calculated.
Denaturant: Petroleum, typically pentanes plus or conventional motor gasoline,
added to fuel ethanol to make it unfit for human consumption. Fuel ethanol is denatured, usually prior to transport from the ethanol production facility, by adding 2 to 5
volume percent denaturant. See Fuel Ethanol and Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant.
367
Development Well: A well drilled within the proved area of a crude oil or natural
gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.
E85: A fuel containing a mixture of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent motor

gasoline.
Diesel Fuel: A fuel composed of distillate fuel oils obtained in petroleum refining
operation or blends of such distillate fuel oils with residual fuel oil used in motor
vehicles. The boiling point and specific gravity are higher for diesel fuels than for
gasoline.
Electric Energy: The ability of an electric current to produce work, heat, light, or
other forms of energy. It is measured in kilowatthours.
Direct Use: Use of electricity that 1) is self-generated, 2) is produced by either the

same entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) is used in direct support of
a service or industrial process located within the same facility or group of facilities that
house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one of the petroleum fractions
produced in conventional distillation operations. It includes diesel fuels and fuel
oils. Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 diesel fuel are used in on-highway
diesel engines, such as those found in cars and trucks, as well as off-highway
engines, such as those in railroad locomotives and agricultural machinery. Products
known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are used primarily for space heating and
electricity generation.
Distillation Unit (Atmospheric): The primary distillation unit that processes
crude oil (including mixtures of other hydrocarbons) at approximately atmospheric conditions. It includes a pipe still for vaporizing the crude oil and a fractionation tower for separating the vaporized hydrocarbon components in the
crude oil into fractions with different boiling ranges. This is done by continuously vaporizing and condensing the components to separate higher boiling point
material. The selected boiling ranges are set by the processing scheme, the properties of the crude oil, and the product specifications.
District Heat: Steam or hot water from an outside source used as an energy
source in a building. The steam or hot water is produced in a central plant and is
piped into the building. District heat may be purchased from a utility or provided
by a physical plant in a separate building that is part of the same facility (for
example, a hospital complex or university).
Dry Hole: An exploratory well or development well found to be incapable of
producing either crude oil or natural gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion as a crude oil well or natural gas well.
Electric Non-Utility: Any entity that generates, transmits, or sells electricity, or

sells or trades electricity services and products, where costs are not established
and recovered by regulatory authority. Examples of these entities include, but are
not limited to, independent power producers, power marketers and aggregators
(both wholesale and retail), merchant transmission service providers, selfgeneration entities, and cogeneration firms with Qualifying Facility Status. See
Electric Utility.
Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime movers, electric generators, and
auxiliary equipment for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or fission energy into
electric energy.
Electric Power Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of electricityonly and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North
American Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business
is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Note: This sector
includes electric utilities and independent power producers. See Energy-Use
Sectors.
Electric Utility: Any entity that generates, transmits, or distributes electricity
and recovers the cost of its generation, transmission or distribution assets and
operations, either directly or indirectly, through cost-based rates set by a separate
regulatory authority (e.g., State Public Service Commission), or is owned by a
governmental unit or the consumers that the entity serves. Examples of these entities include: investor-owned entities, public power districts, public utility
districts, municipalities, rural electric cooperatives, and State and Federal agencies. Electric utilities may have Federal Energy Regulatory Commission approval
for interconnection agreements and wholesale trade tariffs covering either costof-service and/or market-based rates under the authority of the Federal Power
Act. See Electric Non-Utility.
Electrical System Energy Losses: The amount of energy lost during generation,
transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted-for uses.
Dry Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Dry.

Dry Natural Gas Production: See Natural Gas (Dry) Production.
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Electricity: A form of energy characterized by the presence and motion of elementary charged particles generated by friction, induction, or chemical change.
Electricity Generation: The process of producing electric energy, or the amount

of electric energy produced by transforming other forms of energy; commonly
expressed in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (MWh). See Electricity
Generation, Gross and Electricity Generation, Net.
Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of electric energy produced by
generating units and measured at the generating terminal.
Electricity Generation, Net: The amount of gross electricity generation less
station use (the electric energy consumed at the generating station(s) for station
service or auxiliaries). Note: Electricity required for pumping at hydroelectric
pumped-storage plants is regarded as electricity for station service and is deducted
from gross generation.
Electricity Retail Sales: The amount of electricity sold by electric utilities and
other energy service providers to customers purchasing electricity for their own
use and not for resale.
Electricity-Only Plant: A plant designed to produce electricity only. See
Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant.
Emissions: Anthropogenic releases of gases to the atmosphere. In the context of
global climate change, they consist of radiatively important greenhouse gases
(e.g., the release of carbon dioxide during fuel combustion).
End-Use Sectors: The residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation
sectors of the economy. See Energy-Use Sectors.
Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing
work (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic
energy). Energy has several forms, some of which are easily convertible and can
be changed to another form useful for work. Most of the worlds convertible
energy comes from fossil fuels that are burned to produce heat that is then used as
a transfer medium to mechanical or other means in order to accomplish tasks.
Electric energy is usually measured in kilowatthours, while heat energy is
usually measured in British thermal units.
Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source of heat or power or as an
input in the manufacturing process.
Energy Expenditures: The money spent directly by consumers to purchase
energy. Expenditures equal the amount of energy used by the consumer times the
price per unit paid by the consumer.
Energy Service Provider: An energy entity that provides service to a retail or enduse customer.
Energy Source: Any substance or natural phenomenon that can be consumed or
transformed to supply heat or power. Examples include petroleum, coal, natural
gas, nuclear, wood, waste, electricity, wind, geothermal, sunlight (solar energy),
water movement, and hydrogen in fuel cells.
Energy-Use Sectors: A group of major energy-consuming components of
U.S. society developed to measure and analyze energy use. The sectors most
commonly referred to in EIA are: residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and electric power.
Ethane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C2H6). It is a colorless,
paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -127.48 degrees Fahrenheit. It is
extracted from natural gas and refinery gas streams.
Ether: The family name applied to a group of organic chemical compounds composed
of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and which are characterized by an oxygen atom
attached to two carbon atoms (for example, methyl tertiary butyl ether).
Ethanol (C2H5OH): A clear, colorless, flammable alcohol. Ethanol is typically
produced biologically from biomass feedstocks such as agricultural crops and cellulosic residues from agricultural crops or wood. Ethanol can also be produced
chemically from ethylene. See Biomass, Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol Minus
Denaturant.
Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE): A colorless, flammable, oxygenated hydrocarbon blend stock, (CH3)3COC2H5, formed by the catalytic etherification of
isobutylene with ethanol. See Oxygenates.
Ethylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes. Ethylene is used as a petrochemical feedstock for numerous
chemical applications and the production of consumer goods.
Eurasia: The physical land mass containing the continents of Europe and Asia.
For U.S. Energy Information Administration reporting, it includes the former parts
of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.
Exploratory Well: A well drilled to find and produce crude oil or natural gas in
an area previously considered unproductive, to find a new reservoir in a known field
369
(i.e., one previously producing crude oil or natural gas in another reservoir), or to
extend the limit of a known crude oil or natural gas reservoir.
Fiscal Year: The U.S. Governments fiscal year runs from October 1 through
September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends;
e.g., fiscal year 2002 began on October 1, 2001, and ended on September 30, 2002.
Exports: Shipments of goods from within the 50 States and the District of Columbia to U.S. possessions and territories or to foreign countries.
Flared Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Flared.
Extraction Loss: The reduction in volume of natural gas due to the removal of
natural gas liquid constituents such as ethane, propane, and butane at natural gas
processing plants.
Flue Gas Desulfurization: Equipment used to remove sulfur oxides from the
combustion gases of a boiler plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Also referred
to as scrubbers. Chemicals such as lime are used as scrubbing media.
Federal Energy Administration (FEA): A predecessor of the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
F.O.B.: See Free on Board.
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC): The Federal agency with jurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing, natural gas pricing, petroleum pipeline rates, and natural gas pipeline
certification. FERC is an independent regulatory agency within the U.S. Department
of Energy and is the successor to the Federal Power Commission.
Federal Power Commission (FPC): The predecessor agency of the Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission. The Federal Power Commission was created by
an Act of Congress under the Federal Water Power Act on June 10, 1920. It was
charged originally with regulating the electric power and natural gas industries. It
was abolished on September 30, 1977, when the U.S. Department of Energy was
created. Its functions were divided between the U.S. Department of Energy and the
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, an independent regulatory agency.
Financial Reporting System (FRS): The U.S. Energy Information Administrations
statutory requirement to identify major energy-producing companies and develop and
implement a data-reporting program for energy financial and operating information
from these companies. Companies are selected if they are within the top 50 publiclyowned U.S. crude oil producers that have at least 1 percent of either production or
reserves of crude oil, natural gas, coal, or uranium in the United States, or 1 percent
of either refining capacity or petroleum product sales in the United States.
Footage Drilled: Total footage for wells in various categories, as reported for any
specified period, includes (1) the deepest total depth (length of well bores) of all
wells drilled from the surface, (2) the total of all bypassed footage drilled in connection with reported wells, and (3) all new footage drilled for directional sidetrack
wells. Footage reported for directional sidetrack wells does not include footage in
the common bore, which is reported as footage for the original well. In the case of
old wells drilled deeper, the reported footage is that which was drilled below the
total depth of the old well.
Former U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).
Forward Costs (Uranium): The operating and capital costs that will be incurred in
any future production of uranium from in-place reserves. Included are costs for
labor, materials, power and fuel, royalties, payroll taxes, insurance, and general and
administrative costs that are dependent upon the quantity of production and, thus,
applicable as variable costs of production. Excluded from forward costs are prior
expenditures, if any, incurred for property acquisition, exploration, mine development, and mill construction, as well as income taxes, profit, and the cost of money.
Note: By use of forward costing, estimates of reserves for uranium ore deposits in
differing geological settings can be aggregated and reported as the maximum
amount that can theoretically be extracted to recover the specified costs of uranium
oxide production under the listed forward cost categories.
Finished Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Finished.

First Purchase Price: See Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price.
Fossil Fuel: An energy source formed in the Earths crust from decayed organic
material, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
First Use: Manufacturing establishments consumption of the energy that was

originally produced offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy.
Fossil-Fueled Steam-Electric Power Plant: An electric power plant in which the

prime mover is a turbine rotated by high-pressure steam produced in a boiler by
heat from burning fossil fuels.
370
Fractionation: The process by which saturated hydrocarbons are removed from

natural gas and separated into distinct parts, or fractions such as propane,
butane, and ethane.
Free Alongside Ship (F.A.S.): The value of a commodity at the port of
exportation, generally including the purchase price plus all charges incurred in placing the commodity alongside the carrier at the port of exportation.
Free on Board (F.O.B.): A sales transaction in which the seller makes the product
available for pick up at a specified port or terminal at a specified price and the buyer
pays for the subsequent transportation and insurance.
Free on Board (F.O.B.) Rail/Barge Price: The free on board price of coal at the
point of first sale. It excludes freight or shipping and insurance costs.
Generator Capacity: The maximum output, commonly expressed in megawatts

(MW), that generating equipment can supply to system load, adjusted for ambient
conditions. See Generator Nameplate (Installed) Capacity and Generator Net
Summer Capacity.
Generator Capacity Factor: The ratio of the electric energy produced by a
generating unit for a given period of time to the electric energy that could have
been produced at continuous full-power operation during the same period.
Generator Nameplate (Installed) Capacity: The maximum rated output of a
generator, prime mover, or other electric power production equipment under
specific conditions designated by the manufacturer. Installed generator nameplate
capacity is commonly expressed in megawatts (MW) and is usually indicated on a
nameplate physically attached to the generator.
Fuel Ethanol: Ethanol intended for fuel use. Fuel ethanol in the United States
must be anhydrous (less than 1 percent water). Fuel ethanol is denatured (made
unfit for human consumption), usually prior to transport from the ethanol production facility, by adding 2 to 5 volume percent petroleum, typically pentanes plus or
conventional motor gasoline. Fuel ethanol is used principally for blending in low
concentrations with motor gasoline as an oxygenate or octane enhancer. In high
concentrations, it is used to fuel alternative-fuel vehicles specially designed for its
use. See Alternative-Fuel Vehicle, Denaturant, E85, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol
Minus Denaturant, and Oxygenates.
Generator Net Summer Capacity: The maximum output, commonly expressed in

megawatts (MW), that generating equipment can supply to system load, as demonstrated by a multi-hour test, at the time of summer peak demand (period of June 1
through September 30). This output reflects a reduction in capacity due to electricity
use for station service or auxiliaries.
Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant: An unobserved quantity of anhydrous,

biomass-derived, undenatured ethanol for fuel use. The quantity is obtained by
subtracting the estimated denaturant volume from fuel ethanol volume. Fuel ethanol minus denaturant is counted as renewable energy, while denaturant is counted
as nonrenewable fuel. See Denaturant, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol, Nonrenewable
Fuels, Oxygenates, and Renewable Energy.
Global Warming: An increase in the near-surface temperature of the Earth.

Global warming has occurred in the distant past as the result of natural influences,
but the term is today most often used to refer to the warming some scientists
predict will occur as a result of increased anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse
gases. See Climate Change.
Full-Power Operation: Operation of a nuclear generating unit at 100 percent of

its design capacity. Full-power operation precedes commercial operation.
Gasohol: A blend of finished motor gasoline containing alcohol (generally ethanol but sometimes methanol) at a concentration between 5.7 percent and 10 percent
by volume. See Oxygenates.
Generating Unit: Any combination of physically connected generators, reactors,
boilers, combustion turbines, or other prime movers operated together to produce
electric power.
Generator: A machine that converts mechanical energy into electric energy.
Geothermal Energy: Hot water or steam extracted from geothermal reservoirs in

the Earths crust and used for geothermal heat pumps, water heating, or electricity
generation.
Global Warming Potential (GWP): An index used to compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases without directly calculating the changes in atmospheric concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative forcing
that would result from the emission of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that
from the emission of one kilogram of carbon dioxide over a period of time, such as
100 years.
Greenhouse Gases: Those gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous
oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and
sulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to solar (short-wave) radiation but
opaque to long-wave radiation, thus preventing long-wave radiant energy from
leaving the Earths atmosphere. The net effect is a trapping of absorbed radiation
and a tendency to warm the planets surface.
371
Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of goods and services produced
by labor and property located in the United States. As long as the labor and
property are located in the United States, the supplier (that is, the workers and,
for property, the owners) may be either U.S. residents or residents of foreign
countries.
someone elses living quarters. Housing units do not include group quarters such
as prisons or nursing homes where ten or more unrelated persons live. A
common dining area used by residents is an indication of group quarters. Hotel
and motel rooms are considered housing units if occupied as the usual or permanent place of residence.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Implicit Price Deflator: A measure used to

convert nominal prices to real prices. See Chained Dollars.
Hydrocarbon: An organic chemical compound of hydrogen and carbon in the

gaseous, liquid, or solid phase. The molecular structure of hydrocarbon compounds
varies from the simplest (methane, a constituent of natural gas) to the very heavy
and very complex.
Gross Electricity Generation: See Electricity Generation, Gross.

Gross Withdrawals: See Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals.
Gross Input to Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Units: Total input to atmospheric crude oil distillation units. Includes all crude oil, lease condensate, natural gas plant liquids, unfinished oils, liquefied refinery gases, slop oils, and
other liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.
Hydroelectric Power: The production of electricity from the kinetic energy of

falling water. See Hydroelectric Power, Conventional and Hydroelectric
Pumped Storage.
Hydroelectric Power, Conventional: Hydroelectric power generated from flowing water that is not created by hydroelectric pumped storage.
Heat Content: The amount of heat energy available to be released by the transformation or use of a specified physical unit of an energy form (e.g., a short ton of coal, a
barrel of crude oil, a kilowatthour of electricity, a cubic foot of natural gas, or a
pound of steam). The amount of heat energy is commonly expressed in British thermal
units (Btu). Note: Heat content of combustible energy forms can be expressed in terms
of either gross heat content (higher or upper heating value) or net heat content (lower
heating value), depending upon whether or not the available heat energy includes or
excludes the energy used to vaporize water (contained in the original energy form or
created during the combustion process). The U.S. Energy Information Administration
typically uses gross heat content values.
Hydroelectric Pumped Storage: Hydroelectric power that is generated during

peak load periods by using water previously pumped into an elevated storage reservoir during off-peak periods when excess generating capacity is available to do so.
When additional generating capacity is needed, the water can be released from the
reservoir through a conduit to turbine generators located in an electric power plant
at a lower level.
Heat Rate: A measure of generating station thermal efficiency commonly stated as

Btu per kilowatthour. Note: Heat rates can be expressed as either gross or net heat
rates, depending whether the electricity output is gross or net generation. Heat rates
are typically expressed as net heat rates.
Hydrogen (H): The lightest of all gases, hydrogen occurs chiefly in combination
with oxygen in water. It also exists in acids, bases, alcohols, petroleum, and other
hydrocarbons.
Household: A family, an individual, or a group of up to nine unrelated persons

occupying the same housing unit. Occupy means the housing unit was the
persons usual or permanent place of residence.
Housing Unit: A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room if it is
either occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters by a family,
an individual, or a group of one to nine unrelated persons. Separate living quarters means the occupants (1) live and eat separately from other persons in the
house or apartment and (2) have direct access from the outside of the buildings
or through a common hallthat is, they can get to it without going through
372
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs): A group of man-made chemicals composed of one

or two carbon atoms and varying numbers of hydrogen and fluorine atoms. Most
HFCs have 100-year global warming potentials in the thousands.
Implicit Price Deflator: The implicit price deflator, published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, is used to convert nominal
prices to real prices.
Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 States and the District of Columbia from
U.S. possessions and territories or from foreign countries.
Independent Power Producer: A corporation, person, agency, authority, or other
legal entity or instrumentality that owns or operates facilities for the generation of
electricity for use primarily by the public, and that is not an electric utility. Independent power producers are included in the electric power sector.
Indicated Resources, Coal: Coal for which estimates of the coal rank, quality,
and quantity are based partly on sample analyses and measurements and partly
on reasonable geologic projections. Indicated resources are computed partly
from specified measurements and partly from projection of visible data for a
reasonable distance on the basis of geologic evidence. The points of observation
are to 1 miles apart. Indicated coal is projected to extend as a -mile-wide
belt that lies more than mile from the outcrop or points of observation or
measurement.
Industrial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of all facilities and
equipment used for producing, processing, or assembling goods. The industrial
sector encompasses the following types of activity: manufacturing (NAICS
codes 31-33); agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (NAICS code 11);
mining, including oil and gas extraction (NAICS code 21); and construction
(NAICS code 23). Overall energy use in this sector is largely for process heat
and cooling and powering machinery, with lesser amounts used for facility heating, air conditioning, and lighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw material
inputs to manufactured products. Note: This sector includes generators that
produce electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the
above-mentioned industrial activities. Various EIA programs differ in sectoral
coveragefor
more
information
see
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebind.htm.
See End-Use
Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.
Isobutane: See Butane.
Isobutylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes.
Isopentane: A saturated branched-chain hydrocarbon obtained by fractionation
of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.
Jet Fuel: A refined petroleum product used in jet aircraft engines. See Jet Fuel,
Kerosene-Type and Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type: A kerosene-based product with a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point and a
final maximum boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit and meeting ASTM Specification 1655 and Military Specifications MIL-T-5624P and MIL-T-83133D (Grades
JP-5 and JP-8). It is used for commercial and military turbojet and turboprop aircraft
engines.
Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type: A fuel in the heavy naphtha boiling range, with an
average gravity of 52.8 degrees API, 20 to 90 percent distillation temperature of
290 to 470 degrees Fahrenheit, and meeting Military Specification MIL-T-5624L
(Grade JP-4). It is used primarily for military turbojet and turboprop aircraft
engines because it has a lower freeze point than other aviation fuels and meets
engine requirements at high altitudes and speeds.
Kerosene: A light petroleum distillate that is used in space heaters, cook stoves,
and water heaters and is suitable for use as a light source when burned in wickfed lamps. Kerosene has a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degrees
Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point, a final boiling point of 572
degrees Fahrenheit, and a minimum flash point of 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
Included are No. 1-K and No. 2-K, the two grades recognized by ASTM Specification
D3699 as well as all other grades of kerosene called range or stove oil, which have properties similar to those of No. 1 fuel oil. See Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type.
Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel: See Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type.
Kilowatt: A unit of electrical power equal to 1,000 watts.
Kilowatthour (kWh): A measure of electricity defined as a unit of work or
energy, measured as 1 kilowatt (1,000 watts) of power expended for 1 hour.
One kilowatthour is equivalent to 3,412 Btu. See Watthour.
Landed Cost: See Crude Oil Landed Cost.
Lease and Plant Fuel: Natural gas used in well, field, and lease operations (such
as natural gas used in drilling operations, heaters, dehydrators, and field compressors) and used as fuel in natural gas processing plants.
Lease Condensate: A mixture consisting primarily of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons which is recovered as a liquid from natural gas in lease separation facilities. This category excludes natural gas plant liquids, such as butane and
propane, which are recovered at downstream natural gas processing plants or facilities.
Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as brown coal, used almost
exclusively as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It is brownish-black and has
a high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 percent. The heat content
of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matterfree basis. The heat content of lignite consumed in the United States averages 13
million Btu per short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent
moisture and mineral matter). See Coal Rank.
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Natural gas (primarily methane) that has been
liquefied by reducing its temperature to -260 degrees Fahrenheit at atmospheric
pressure.
373
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): A group of hydrocarbon-based gases derived

from crude oil refining or natural gas fractionation. They include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, isobutane, and isobutylene. For convenience of transportation, these gases are liquefied through
pressurization.
Methane: A colorless, flammable, odorless hydrocarbon gas (CH4), which is the

major component of natural gas. It is also an important source of hydrogen in various industrial processes.
Methanol: A light, volatile alcohol (CH3OH) eligible for motor gasoline blending.
See Oxygenates.
Liquefied Refinery Gases (LRG): Liquefied petroleum gases fractionated from

refinery or still gases. Through compression and/or refrigeration, they are retained
in the liquid state. The reported categories are ethane/ethylene,
propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane. Excludes still gas.
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE): An ether, (CH3)3COCH3, intended for

motor gasoline blending. See Oxygenates.
Losses: See Electrical System Energy Losses.
Miscellaneous Petroleum Products: All finished petroleum products not classified elsewherefor example, petrolatum, lube refining byproducts (aromatic
extracts and tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, petroleum rocket fuels, synthetic
natural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils.
Low-Power Testing: The period of time between a nuclear generating units initial
fuel loading date and the issuance of its operating (full-power) license. The maximum
level of operation during that period is 5 percent of the units design thermal rating.
Lubricants: Substances used to reduce friction between bearing surfaces or
incorporated into other materials used as processing aids in the manufacture of
other products, or used as carriers of other materials. Petroleum lubricants may
be produced either from distillates or residues. Lubricants include all grades of
lubricating oils, from spindle oil to cylinder oil, and those used in greases.
Manufacturing: An energy-consuming subsector of the industrial sector that
consists of all facilities and equipment engaged in the mechanical, physical,
chemical, or electronic transformation of materials, substances, or components
into new products. Assembly of component parts of products is included, except
for that which is included in construction.
Marketed Production (Natural Gas): See Natural Gas Marketed Production.
Measured Resources, Coal: Coal resources for which estimates of the coal rank,
quality, and quantity have been computed, within a margin of error of less than
20 percent, from sample analyses and measurements from closely spaced and
geologically well known sample sites. Measured resources are computed from
dimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, mine workings, and drill holes. The
points of observation and measurement are so closely spaced and the thickness
and extent of coals are so well defined that the tonnage is judged to be accurate
within 20 percent. Although the spacing of the point of observation necessary to
demonstrate continuity of the coal differs from region to region, according to the
character of the coalbeds, the points of observation are no greater than mile
apart. Measured coal is projected to extend as a belt mile wide from the
outcrop or points of observation or measurement.
374
Motor Gasoline Blending: Mechanical mixing of motor gasoline blending

components and oxygenates as required, to produce finished motor gasoline.
Finished motor gasoline may be further mixed with other motor gasoline blending
components or oxygenates, resulting in increased volumes of finished motor gasoline and/or changes in the formulation of finished motor gasoline (e.g., conventional
motor gasoline mixed with MTBE to produce oxygenated motor gasoline).
Motor Gasoline Blending Components: Naphthas (e.g., straight-run gasoline,
alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, xylene) used for blending or compounding into
finished motor gasoline. These components include reformulated gasoline blendstock
for oxygenate blending (RBOB) but exclude oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane,
and pentanes plus. Note: Oxygenates are reported as individual components and are
included in the total for other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.
Motor Gasoline, Conventional: Finished motor gasoline not included in the
oxygenated or reformulated motor gasoline categories. Note: This category
excludes reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) as well
as other blendstock. Conventional motor gasoline can be leaded or unleaded;
regular, midgrade, or premium. See Motor Gasoline Grades.
Motor Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons
with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use
in spark-ignition. Motor gasoline, as defined in ASTM Specification D-4814 or
Federal Specification VV-G-1690C, is characterized as having a boiling range of
122 to 158 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point to 365 to 374
degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent recovery point. Motor gasoline includes
conventional motor gasoline, all types of oxygenated motor gasoline including
gasohol, and reformulated motor gasoline, but excludes aviation gasoline. Note:
Volumetric data on motor gasoline blending components, as well as oxygenates,
are not counted in data on finished motor gasoline until the blending components
are blended into the gasoline.
Motor Gasoline Grades: The classification of gasoline by octane ratings. Each
type of gasoline (conventional, oxygenated, and reformulated; leaded or
unleaded) is classified by three grades: regular, midgrade, and premium. Note:
Motor gasoline sales are reported by grade in accordance with their classification at
the time of sale. In general, automotive octane requirements are lower at high altitudes. Therefore, in some areas of the United States, such as the Rocky Mountain
States, the octane ratings for the gasoline grades may be 2 or more octane points
lower.
Regular Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,
greater than or equal to 85 and less than 88.
Midgrade Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane
rating, greater than or equal to 88 and less than or equal to 90.
Premium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,
greater than 90.
Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated: Finished motor gasoline other than reformulated motor gasoline, having an oxygen content of 2.7 percent or higher by
weight and required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to be
sold in areas designated by EPA as carbon monoxide (CO) nonattainment areas.
Note: Oxygenated gasoline excludes oxygenated fuels program reformulated
gasoline (OPRG) and reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending
(RBOB). Data on gasohol that has at least 2.7 percent oxygen, by weight, and is
intended for sale inside CO nonattainment areas are included in data on oxygenated gasoline. Other data on gasohol (for use outside of nonattainment areas) are
included in data on conventional gasoline.
Motor Gasoline, Reformulated: Finished motor gasoline formulated for use in
motor vehicles, the composition and properties of which meet the requirements
of the reformulated gasoline regulations promulgated by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency under Section 211(k) of the Clean Air Act. It includes gasoline produced to meet or exceed emissions performance and benzene content
standards of federal-program reformulated gasoline even though the gasoline
may not meet all of the composition requirements (e.g. oxygen content) of
federal-program reformulated gasoline. Note: This category includes oxygenated fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG). Reformulated gasoline
excludes reformulated blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) and gasoline
treated as blendstock (GTAB).
MTBE: See Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether.
NAICS: See North American Industry Classification System.

Naphtha: A generic term applied to a petroleum fraction with an approximate
boiling range between 122 and 400 degrees Fahrenheit.
Naphtha-Type Jet Fuel: See Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.
Natural Gas: A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, primarily methane, used as a fuel for electricity generation and in a variety of ways in
buildings, and as raw material input and fuel for industrial processes.
Natural Gas, Dry: Natural gas which remains after: 1) the liquefiable hydrocarbon portion has been removed from the gas stream (i.e., gas after lease, field,
and/or plant separation); and 2) any volumes of nonhydrocarbon gases have
been removed where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable. Note: Dry natural gas is also known as consumer-grade natural gas. The
parameters for measurement are cubic feet at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.73
pounds per square inch absolute.
Natural Gas (Dry) Production: The process of producing consumer-grade natural
gas. Natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs is reduced by volumes used at the production (lease) site and by processing losses. Volumes used at the production site include
1) the volume returned to reservoirs in cycling, repressuring of oil reservoirs, and
conservation operations; and 2) vented natural gas and flared natural gas. Processing losses include 1) nonhydrocarbon gases (e.g., water vapor, carbon dioxide,
helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen) removed from the gas stream; and 2) gas
converted to liquid form, such as lease condensate and natural gas plant liquids.
Volumes of dry gas withdrawn from gas storage reservoirs are not considered part
of production. Dry natural gas production equals natural gas marketed production less extraction loss.
Natural Gas, Flared: Natural gas burned in flares on the base site or at gas processing plants.
Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals: Full well stream volume of produced natural
gas, excluding lease condensate separated at the lease.
Natural Gas Liquids (NGL): Those hydrocarbons in natural gas that are separated from the gas as liquids through the process of absorption, condensation,
adsorption, or other methods in gas processing or cycling plants. Generally such
liquids consist of propane and heavier hydrocarbons and are commonly referred
to as lease condensate, natural gasoline, and liquefied petroleum gases. Natural
gas liquids include natural gas plant liquids (primarily ethane, propane,
butane, and isobutane) and lease condensate (primarily pentanes produced from
natural gas at lease separators and field facilities).
375
Natural Gas Marketed Production: Natural gas gross withdrawals from production reservoirs, less gas used for reservoir repressuring; nonhydrocarbon gases
removed in treating or processing operations; and quantities of vented natural gas and
flared natural gas. Includes all quantities of natural gas used in field and processing
operations.
isopentane, which is a saturated branch-chain hydrocarbon obtained by fractionation of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.
Natural Gas Pipeline: A continuous pipe conduit, complete with such equipment
as valves, compressor stations, communications systems, and meters, for transporting natural gas and/or supplemental gaseous fuels from one point to
another, usually from a point in or beyond the producing field or processing plant
to another pipeline or to points of utilization. Also refers to a company operating
such facilities.
Net Summer Capacity: See Generator Net Summer Capacity.
Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Those hydrocarbons in natural gas that
are separated as liquids at natural gas processing plants, fractionating and cycling
plants, and, in some instances, field facilities. Lease condensate is excluded.
Products obtained include ethane; liquefied petroleum gases (propane, butanes,
propane-butane mixtures, ethane-propane mixtures); isopentane; and other small
quantities of finished products, such as motor gasoline, special naphthas, jet
fuel, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. See Natural Gas Liquids.
Natural Gas Processing Plant: A surface installation designed to separate and
recover natural gas liquids from a stream of produced natural gas through the
processes of condensation, absorption, refrigeration, or other methods, and to
control the quality of natural gas marketed or returned to oil or gas reservoirs for
pressure maintenance, repressuring, or cycling.
Natural Gas, Vented: Natural gas released into the air on the production site or at
processing plants.
Natural Gas Well: A well completed for the production of natural gas from one or
more natural gas zones or reservoirs. (Wells producing both crude oil and natural
gas are classified as crude oil wells.)
Natural Gas Wellhead Price: Price of natural gas calculated by dividing the total
reported value at the wellhead by the total quantity produced as reported by the
appropriate agencies of individual producing States and the U.S. Mineral Management Service. The price includes all costs prior to shipment from the lease, including gathering and compression costs, in addition to State production, severance,
and similar charges.
Natural Gasoline: A mixture of hydrocarbons (mostly pentanes and heavier)
extracted from natural gas that meets vapor pressure, end-point, and other specifications for natural gasoline set by the Gas Processors Association. Includes
376
NERC: See North American Electric Reliability Corporation.

Net Electricity Generation: See Electricity Generation, Net.
Neutral Zone: A 6,200 square-mile area shared equally between Kuwait and Saudi
Arabia under a 1992 agreement.
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Compounds of nitrogen and oxygen produced by the burning of fossil fuels.
Nominal Dollars: A measure used to express nominal price.
Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or service at the time of the
transaction. Nominal prices are those that have not been adjusted to remove the
effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they reflect buying power in
the year in which the transaction occurred.
Non-Biomass Waste: Material of non-biological origin that is a byproduct or a
discarded product. Non-biomass waste includes municipal solid waste from nonbiogenic sources, such as plastics, and tire-derived fuels.
Noncoincident Peak Load: The sum of two or more peak loads on individual
systems that do not occur in the same time interval. Meaningful only in the context
of loads within a limited period of time, such as day, week, month, a heating or cooling season, and usually for not more than 1 year.
Nonhydrocarbon Gases: Typical nonhydrocarbon gases that may be present in reservoir natural gas, such as carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen.
Nonrenewable Fuels: Fuels that cannot be easily made or "renewed," such as
crude oil, natural gas, and coal.
Normal Butane: See Butane.
North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC): A nonprofit corporation formed in 2006 as the successor to the North American Electric Reliability Council established to develop and maintain mandatory reliability standards
for the bulk electric system, with the fundamental goal of maintaining and
improving the reliability of that system. NERC consists of regional reliability
entities covering the interconnected power regions of the contiguous United
States,
Canada,
and
Mexico.
See
the
NERC
http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/chg_str_fuel/html/fig02.html.
regions
at
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS): A classification

scheme, developed by the Office of Management and Budget to replace the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) System, that categorizes establishments according to the types of production processes they primarily use.
Nuclear Electric Power (Nuclear Power): Electricity generated by the use of the
thermal energy released from the fission of nuclear fuel in a reactor.
Nuclear Electric Power Plant: A single-unit or multi-unit facility in which heat
produced in one or more reactors by the fissioning of nuclear fuel is used to drive
one or more steam turbines.
Nuclear Reactor: An apparatus in which a nuclear fission chain reaction can be
initiated, controlled, and sustained at a specific rate. A reactor includes fuel
(fissionable material), moderating material to control the rate of fission, a heavywalled pressure vessel to house reactor components, shielding to protect personnel,
a system to conduct heat away from the reactor, and instrumentation for monitoring
and controlling the reactor's systems.
Octane Rating: A number used to indicate gasoline's antiknock performance in
motor vehicle engines. The two recognized laboratory engine test methods for determining the antiknock rating, i.e., octane rating, of gasolines are the Research
method and the Motor method. To provide a single number as guidance to the
consumer, the antiknock index (R + M)/2, which is the average of the Research and
Motor octane numbers, was developed.
OECD: See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Offshore: That geographic area that lies seaward of the coastline. In general, the
coastline is the line of ordinary low water along with that portion of the coast that
is in direct contact with the open sea or the line marking the seaward limit of
inland water. If a State agency uses a different basis for classifying onshore and
offshore areas, the State classification is used (e.g., Cook Inlet in Alaska is classified as offshore; for Louisiana, the coastline is defined as the Chapman Line, as
modified by subsequent adjudication).
Oil: See Crude Oil.
OPEC: See Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market, i.e., coal sold to companies
other than the reporting company's parent company or an operating subsidiary of the
parent company. See Captive Coal.
Operable Nuclear Unit: In the United States, a nuclear generating unit that has
completed low-power testing and is in possession of a full-power operating license
issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Operable Refineries: Refineries that were in one of the following three categories at the beginning of a given year: in operation; not in operation and not under
active repair, but capable of being placed into operation within 30 days; or not in
operation, but under active repair that could be completed within 90 days.
Operating Income: Operating revenues less operating expenses. Excludes items of
other revenue and expense, such as equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates,
dividends, interest income and expense, income taxes, extraordinary items, and
cumulative effect of accounting changes.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): An international organization helping governments tackle the economic, social and governance challenges of a globalized economy. Its membership comprises about 30
member countries. With active relationships with some 70 other countries, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society, it has a global reach. For
details about the organization, see http://www.oecd.org.
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC): An intergovernmental organization whose stated objective is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of member countries." It was created at the Baghdad Conference on
September 1014, 1960. Current members (with years of membership) include
Algeria (1969present), Angola (2007present), Ecuador (19731992 and
2007present), Iran (1960present), Iraq (1960present), Kuwait (1960present),
Libya (1962present), Nigeria (1971present), Qatar (1961present), Saudi Arabia
(1960present), United Arab Emirates (1967present), and Venezuela
(1960present).
Countries no longer members of OPEC include Gabon
(19751994) and Indonesia (19622008).
Oxygenated Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.
Oxygenates: Substances which, when added to motor gasoline, increase the
amount of oxygen in that gasoline blend. Ethanol, methyl tertiary butyl ether
(MTBE), ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), and methanol are common oxygenates. See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.
377
Ozone: A molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen. Occurs naturally in the

stratosphere and provides a protective layer shielding the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. In the troposphere, it is a chemical oxidant, a greenhouse gas, and a
major component of photochemical smog.
PAD Districts: Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts. Geographic aggregations of the 50 States and the District of Columbia into five districts for the Petroleum Administration for Defense in 1950. The districts were originally instituted for
economic and geographic reasons as Petroleum Administration for War (PAW)
Districts, which were established in 1942.
Particulate Collectors: Equipment used to remove fly ash from the combustion
gases of a boiler plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Particulate collectors
include electrostatic precipitators, mechanical collectors (cyclones, fabric filters
[baghouses]), and wet scrubbers.
Peak Kilowatt: Thousand peak watts.
Peak Watt: A manufacturer's unit indicating the amount of power a photovoltaic
cell or module will produce at standard test conditions (normally 1,000 watts per
square meter and 25 degrees Celsius).
Pentanes Plus: A mixture of hydrocarbons, mostly pentanes and heavier, extracted
from natural gas. Includes isopentane, natural gasoline, and plant condensate.
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs): A group of man-made chemicals composed of one or
two carbon atoms and four to six flourine atoms, containing no chlorine. PFCs have
no commercial uses and are emitted as a byproduct of aluminum smelting and semiconductor manufacturing. PFCs have very high 100-year global warming potentials and are very long-lived in the atmosphere.
Petrochemical Feedstocks: Chemical feedstocks derived from petroleum principally for the manufacture of chemicals, synthetic rubber, and a variety of plastics.
Petroleum: A broadly defined class of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures. Included are
crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils, refined products obtained from the
processing of crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. Note: Volumes of finished
petroleum products include nonhydrocarbon compounds, such as additives and
detergents, after they have been blended into the products.
Petroleum Coke: See Coke, Petroleum.
Petroleum Consumption: See Products Supplied (Petroleum).
378
Petroleum Imports: Imports of petroleum into the 50 States and the District of
Columbia from foreign countries and from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and
other U.S. territories and possessions. Included are imports for the Strategic
Petroleum Reserve and withdrawals from bonded warehouses for onshore
consumption, offshore bunker use, and military use. Excluded are receipts of
foreign petroleum into bonded warehouses and into U.S. territories and U.S.
Foreign Trade Zones.
Petroleum Pipeline: Crude oil and product pipelines used to transport crude oil and
petroleum products, respectively (including interstate, intrastate, and intracompany
pipelines), within the 50 States and the District of Columbia.
Petroleum Products: Petroleum products are obtained from the processing of
crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas, and other hydrocarbon
compounds. Petroleum products include unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum
gases, pentanes plus, aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel,
kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke,
asphalt, road oil, still gas, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
Petroleum Stocks, Primary: For individual petroleum products, quantities that
are held at refineries, in petroleum pipelines, and at bulk terminals that have a
capacity of 50,000 barrels or more, or that are in transit thereto. Stocks held by
product retailers and resellers, as well as tertiary stocks held at the point of
consumption, are excluded. Stocks of individual products held at gas processing
plants are excluded from individual product estimates but are included in other
oil estimates and total.
Photovoltaic Energy: Direct-current electricity generated from sunlight through
solid-state semiconductor devices that have no moving parts.
Photovoltaic Module: An integrated assembly of interconnected photovoltaic cells
designed to deliver a selected level of working voltage and current at its output
terminals, packaged for protection against environmental degradation, and suited for
incorporation in photovoltaic power systems.
Pipeline Fuel: Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in
compressors.
Plant Condensate: One of the natural gas liquids, mostly pentanes and heavier
hydrocarbons, recovered and separated as liquids at gas inlet separators or scrubbers in processing plants.
Primary Energy: Energy in the form that it is first accounted for in a statistical
energy balance, before any transformation to secondary or tertiary forms of
energy. For example, coal can be converted to synthetic gas, which can be
converted to electricity; in this example, coal is primary energy, synthetic gas is
secondary energy, and electricity is tertiary energy. See Primary Energy Production and Primary Energy Consumption.
Primary Energy Consumption: Consumption of primary energy. (Energy
sources that are produced from other energy sourcese.g., coal coke from
coalare included in primary energy consumption only if their energy content has
not already been included as part of the original energy source. Thus, U.S. primary
energy consumption does include net imports of coal coke, but not the coal coke
produced from domestic coal.) The U.S. Energy Information Administration
includes the following in U.S. primary energy consumption: coal consumption;
coal coke net imports; petroleum consumption (petroleum products supplied,
including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel); dry natural
gasexcluding supplemental gaseous fuelsconsumption; nuclear electricity
net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear heat rates); conventional
hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
rates); geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossilfuels heat rates), and geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal direct use
energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to
Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rates), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind
electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rates); wood
and wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; fuel ethanol
and biodiesel consumption; losses and co-products from the production of fuel
ethanol and biodiesel; and electricity net imports (converted to Btu using the electricity heat content of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour). See Total Energy
Consumption.
Primary Energy Production: Production of primary energy. The U.S. Energy
Information Administration includes the following in U.S. primary energy production: coal production, waste coal supplied, and coal refuse recovery; crude oil and
lease condensate production; natural gas plant liquids production; dry natural
gasexcluding supplemental gaseous fuelsproduction; nuclear electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear heat rates); conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rates);
geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
rates), and geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal direct use energy; solar
thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossilfuels heat rates), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rates); wood and wood-derived fuels
consumption; biomass waste consumption; and biofuels feedstock.
Prime Mover: The engine, turbine, water wheel, or similar machine that
drives an electric generator; or, for reporting purposes, a device that converts
energy to electricity directly.
Process Fuel: All energy consumed in the acquisition, processing, and transportation of energy. Quantifiable process fuel includes three categories: natural gas lease
and plant operations, natural gas pipeline operations, and oil refinery operations.
Processing Gain: The volumetric amount by which total output is greater than
input for a given period of time. This difference is due to the processing of crude
oil into petroleum products which, in total, have a lower specific gravity than the
crude oil processed.
Processing Loss: The volumetric amount by which total refinery output is less than
input for a given period of time. This difference is due to the processing of crude
oil into petroleum products which, in total, have a higher specific gravity than the
crude oil processed.
Products Supplied (Petroleum): Approximately represents consumption of
petroleum products because it measures the disappearance of these products
from primary sources, i.e., refineries, natural gas processing plants, blending
plants, pipelines, and bulk terminals. In general, product supplied of each product in any given period is computed as follows: field production, plus refinery
production, plus imports, plus unaccounted-for crude oil (plus net receipts when
calculated on a PAD District basis) minus stock change, minus crude oil losses,
minus refinery inputs, and minus exports.
Propane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C3H8). It is a colorless
paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -43.67 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted
from natural gas or refinery gas streams. It includes all products designated in
ASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processors Association Specifications for
commercial propane and HD-5 propane.
Propylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C3H6) recovered from refinery processes or
petrochemical processes.
Proved Reserves, Crude Oil: The estimated quantities of all liquids defined as
crude oil that geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable
certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing
economic and operating conditions.
Proved Reserves, Lease Condensate: The volumes of lease condensate expected
to be recovered in future years in conjunction with the production of proved
379
reserves of natural gas based on the recovery efficiency of lease and/or field separation facilities installed.
Proved Reserves, Natural Gas: The estimated quantities of natural gas that analysis of geological and engineering data demonstrates with reasonable certainty to be
recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and
operating conditions.
Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids: Those volumes of natural gas liquids
(including lease condensate) demonstrated with reasonable certainty to be separable
in the future from proved natural gas reserves, under existing economic and operating conditions.
Pumped Storage: See Hydroelectric Pumped Storage.
Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the
purchasing power of the dollar. Real prices, which are expressed in constant
dollars, usually reflect buying power relative to a base year. See Chained Dollars.
Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil: See Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost.
Refinery Gas: See Still Gas.
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs: Raw materials, unfinished oils, and blending
components processed at refineries, or blended at refineries or petroleum storage
terminals to produce finished petroleum products. Included are gross inputs of
crude oil, natural gas plant liquids, other hydrocarbon raw materials, hydrogen,
oxygenates (excluding fuel ethanol), and renewable fuels (including fuel ethanol).
Also included are net inputs of unfinished oils, motor gasoline blending components, and aviation gasoline blending components. Net inputs are calculated as
gross inputs minus gross production. Negative net inputs indicate gross inputs are
less than gross production. Examples of negative net inputs include reformulated
gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) produced at refineries for shipment to blending terminals, and unfinished oils produced and added to inventory
in advance of scheduled maintenance of a refinery crude oil distillation unit.
Refinery and Blender Net Production: Liquefied refinery gases, and finished
petroleum products produced at a refinery or petroleum storage terminal
blending facility. Net production equals gross production minus gross inputs.
Negative net production indicates gross production is less than gross inputs for a
finished petroleum product. Examples of negative net production include reclassification of one finished product to another finished product, or reclassification
of a finished product to unfinished oils or blending components.
380
Refinery (Petroleum): An installation that manufactures finished petroleum products from crude oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons, and
alcohol.
Reformulated Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Reformulated.
Refuse Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered from previously mined coal. It
may also be known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry dam, or dredge operation.
Refuse Recovery: The recapture of coal from a refuse mine or the coal recaptured
by that process. The resulting product has been cleaned to reduce the concentration
of noncombustible materials.
Renewable Energy: Energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible (unlike, for example, fossil fuels, which are in finite supply). Renewable sources
of energy include conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, wind,
and biomass.
Replacement Fuel: The portion of any motor fuel that is methanol, ethanol, or
other alcohols, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gases, hydrogen, coal-derived
liquid fuels, electricity (including electricity from solar energy), ethers, biodiesel,
or any other fuel the Secretary of Energy determines, by rule, is substantially not
petroleum and would yield substantial energy security benefits and substantial environmental benefits.
Repressuring: The injection of gas into crude oil or natural gas formations to
effect greater ultimate recovery.
Residential Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of living quarters for
private households. Common uses of energy associated with this sector include
space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and
running a variety of other appliances. The residential sector excludes institutional
living quarters. Note: Various EIA programs differ in sectoral coveragefor further
explanation see http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebres.htm. See
End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.
Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils, known as No. 5 and No. 6 fuel oils, that
remain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled away
in refinery operations. It conforms to ASTM Specifications D396 and D975 and
Federal Specification VV-F-815C. No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity,
is also known as Navy Special and is defined in Military Specification
MIL-F-859E, including Amendment 2 (NATO Symbol F-770). It is used in

steam-powered vessels in government service and inshore electric power
plants. No. 6 fuel oil includes Bunker C fuel oil and is used for electricity
generation, space heating, vessel bunkering, and various industrial purposes.
Spent Liquor: The liquid residue left after an industrial process; can be a component of waste materials used as fuel.
Road Oil: Any heavy petroleum oil, including residual asphaltic oil, used as a
dust palliative and surface treatment on roads and highways. It is generally
produced in six grades, from 0, the most liquid, to 5, the most viscous.
Spot Price: The price for a one-time open market transaction for immediate delivery of the specific quantity of product at a specific location where the commodity is
purchased on the spot at current market rates.
Rotary Rig: A machine used for drilling wells that employs a rotating tube
attached to a bit for boring holes through rock.
Station Use: Energy that is used to operate an electric power plant. It includes
energy consumed for plant lighting, power, and auxiliary facilities, regardless of
whether the energy is produced at the plant or comes from another source.
Royalty Interest: An interest in a mineral property provided through a royalty

contract.
Short Ton (Coal): A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.
Solar Energy: See Solar Thermal Energy and Photovoltaic Energy.
Solar Thermal Collector: A device designed to receive solar radiation and
convert it to thermal energy. Normally, a solar thermal collector includes a
frame, glazing, and an absorber, together with appropriate insulation. The heat
collected by the solar thermal collector may be used immediately or stored for
later use. Solar collectors are used for space heating, domestic hot water
heating, and heating swimming pools, hot tubs, or spas.
Solar Thermal Energy: The radiant energy of the sun that can be converted into
other forms of energy, such as heat or electricity.
Space Heating: The use of energy to generate heat for warmth in housing units
using space-heating equipment. The equipment could be the main space-heating
equipment or secondary space-heating equipment. It does not include the use of
energy to operate appliances (such as lights, televisions, and refrigerators) that give
off heat as a byproduct.
Special Naphthas: All finished petroleum products within the naphtha boiling
range that are used as paint thinners, cleaners, or solvents. Those products are
refined to a specified flash point. Special naphthas include all commercial hexane
and cleaning solvents conforming to ASTM Specifications D1836 and D484,
respectively. Naphthas to be blended or marketed as motor gasoline or aviation
gasoline or that are to be used as petrochemical feedstocks or synthetic natural
gas (SNG) feedstocks are excluded.
Spot Market Price: See Spot Price.
Steam-Electric Power Plant: An electric power plant in which the prime mover
is a steam turbine. The steam used to drive the turbine is produced in a boiler where
fossil fuels are burned.
Still Gas (Refinery Gas): Any form or mixture of gases produced in refineries
by distillation, cracking, reforming, and other processes. The principal constituents are methane, ethane, ethylene, normal butane, butylene, propane,
propylene, etc. Still gas is used as a refinery fuel and a petrochemical feedstock. The conversion factor is 6 million Btu per fuel oil equivalent barrel.
Stocks: Inventories of fuel stored for future use. See Crude Oil Stocks, Coal
Stocks, and Petroleum Stocks, Primary.
Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum stocks maintained by the Federal
Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.
Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range from those of lignite to
those of bituminous coal and used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power
generation. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and crumbly, at the lower
end of the range, to bright, jet black, hard, and relatively strong, at the upper
end. Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent moisture by weight.
The heat content of subbituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per
short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United States averages 17 to 18 million Btu per short
ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral
matter). See Coal Rank.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): A toxic, irritating, colorless gas soluble in water, alcohol,
and ether. Used as a chemical intermediate, in paper pulping and ore refining, and
as a solvent.
381
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6): A colorless gas soluble in alcohol and ether, and
slightly less soluble in water. It is used as a dielectric in electronics. It possesses the
highest 100-year global warming potential of any gas (23,900).
Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Any gaseous substance introduced into or commingled with natural gas that increases the volume available for disposition. Such
substances include, but are not limited to, propane-air, refinery gas, coke-oven
gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas, or air or inerts added for Btu stabilization.
Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG): (Also referred to as substitute natural gas.) A
manufactured product, chemically similar in most respects to natural gas, resulting
from the conversion or reforming of hydrocarbons that may easily be substituted
for or interchanged with pipeline-quality natural gas.
Thermal Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data between physical
units of measure (such as barrels, cubic feet, or short tons) and thermal units of
measure (such as British thermal units, calories, or joules); or for convertingdata between different thermal units of measure. See Btu Coversion Factor.
Total Energy Consumption: Primary energy consumption in the end-use
sectors, plus electricity retail sales and electrical system energy losses.
Transportation Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of all vehicles
whose primary purpose is transporting people and/or goods from one physical
location to another. Included are automobiles; trucks; buses; motorcycles; trains,
subways, and other rail vehicles; aircraft; and ships, barges, and other waterborne
vehicles. Vehicles whose primary purpose is not transportation (e.g., construction
cranes and bulldozers, farming vehicles, and warehouse tractors and forklifts) are
classified in the sector of their primary use. Note: Various EIA programs differ in
sectoral
coveragefor
more
information
see
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebtrans.htm. See End-Use Sectors
and Energy-Use Sectors.
Unaccounted-for Crude Oil: Represents the arithmetic difference between the
calculated supply and the calculated disposition of crude oil. The calculated
supply is the sum of crude oil production plus imports minus changes in crude oil
stocks. The calculated disposition of crude oil is the sum of crude oil input to
refineries, crude oil exports, crude oil burned as fuel, and crude oil losses.
Unaccounted-for Natural Gas: Represents differences between the sum of the
components of natural gas supply and the sum of components of natural gas
disposition. These differences may be due to quantities lost or to the effects of
data reporting problems. Reporting problems include differences due to the net
result of conversions of flow data metered at varying temperatures and pressure
382
bases and converted to a standard temperature and pressure base; the effect of
variations in company accounting and billing practices; differences between billing cycle and calendar-period time frames; and imbalances resulting from the
merger of data reporting systems that vary in scope, format, definitions, and type
of respondents.
Underground Natural Gas Storage: The use of sub-surface facilities for storing
natural gas that has been transferred from its original location. The facilities are
usually hollowed-out salt domes, geological reservoirs (depleted crude oil or natural gas fields) or water-bearing sands topped by an impermeable cap rock (aquifer).
Undiscovered Recoverable Reserves (Crude Oil and Natural Gas): Those
economic resources of crude oil and natural gas, yet undiscovered, that are estimated to exist in favorable geologic settings.
Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further processing, except those requiring only
mechanical blending. Unfinished oils are produced by partial refining of crude oil
and include naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene and light gas oils, heavy gas oils,
and residuum.
Unfractionated Stream: Mixtures of unsegregated natural gas liquid components,
excluding those in plant condensate. This product is extracted from natural gas.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.): A political entity that consisted of 15
constituent republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and
Uzbekistan. The U.S.S.R. ceased to exist as of December 31, 1991.
United States: The 50 States and the District of Columbia. Note: The United States
has varying degrees of jurisdiction over a number of territories and other political
entities outside the 50 States and the District of Columbia, including Puerto Rico,
the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Johnston Atoll, Midway Islands,
Wake Island, and the Northern Mariana Islands. EIA data programs may include
data from some or all of these areas in U.S. totals. For these pograms, data products
will contain notes explaining the extent of geographic coverage included under the
term "United States."
Uranium: A heavy, naturally radioactive, metallic element (atomic number 92). Its
two principally occurring isotopes are uranium-235 and uranium-238. Uranium-235
is indispensable to the nuclear industry because it is the only isotope existing in
nature, to any appreciable extent, that is fissionable by thermal neutrons. Uranium238 is also important because it absorbs neutrons to produce a radioactive isotope
that subsequently decays to the isotope plutonium-239, which also is fissionable by thermal neutrons.
Uranium Concentrate: A yellow or brown powder obtained by the milling of

uranium ore, processing of in situ leach mining solutions, or as a byproduct of
phosphoric acid production. See Uranium Oxide.
heating or cooling application, or delivered to other end users, i.e., total thermal
energy made available for processes and applications other than electricity generation.
U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).
Uranium Ore: Rock containing uranium mineralization in concentrations that can

be mined economically, typically one to four pounds of U3O8 (uranium oxide) per
ton or 0.05 percent to 0.2 percent U3O8
Uranium Oxide: Uranium concentrate or yellowcake. Abbreviated as U3O8.
Uranium Resource Categories: Three categories of uranium resources defined by
the international community to reflect differing levels of confidence in the existence
of the resources. Reasonably assured resources (RAR), estimated additional resources
(EAR), and speculative resources (SR) are described below.
Reasonably assured resources (RAR): Uranium that occurs in known
mineral deposits of such size, grade, and configuration that it could be
recovered within the given production cost ranges, with currently proven
mining and processing technology. Estimates of tonnage and grade are
based on specific sample data and measurements of the deposits and on
knowledge of deposit characteristics. Note: RAR corresponds to DOEs
uranium reserves category.
Estimated additional resources (EAR): Uranium in addition to RAR that
is expected to occur, mostly on the basis of geological evidence, in extensions of well-explored deposits, in little-explored deposits, and in undiscovered deposits believed to exist along well-defined geological trends
with known deposits. This uranium can subsequently be recovered within
the given cost ranges. Estimates of tonnage and grade are based on available sampling data and on knowledge of the deposit characteristics, as
determined in the best-known parts of the deposit or in similar deposits.
Note: EAR corresponds to DOEs probable potential resources category.
Speculative resources (SR): Uranium in addition to EAR that is thought
to exist, mostly on the basis of indirect evidence and geological extrapolations, in deposits discoverable with existing exploration techniques. The
location of deposits in this category can generally be specified only as
being somewhere within given regions or geological trends. The estimates
in this category are less reliable than estimates of RAR and EAR. Note:
SR corresponds to the combination of DOEs possible potential resources
and speculative potential resources categories.
Useful Thermal Output: The thermal energy made available in a combinedheat-and-power system for use in any industrial or commercial process,
Vented Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Vented.

Vessel Bunkering: Includes sales for the fueling of commercial or private boats,
such as pleasure craft, fishing boats, tugboats, and ocean-going vessels, including vessels operated by oil companies. Excluded are volumes sold to the U.S.
Armed Forces.
Waste: See Biomass Waste and Non-Biomass Waste.
Waste Coal: Usable material that is a byproduct of previous coal processing
operations. Waste coal is usually composed of mixed coal, soil, and rock (mine
waste). Most waste coal is burned as-is in unconventional fluidized-bed combustors. For some uses, waste coal may be partially cleaned by removing some extraneous noncombustible constituents. Examples of waste coal include fine coal,
coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob,
and lignite waste.
Watt (W): The unit of electrical power equal to one ampere under a pressure of one
volt. A watt is equal to 1/746 horsepower.
Watthour (Wh): The electric energy unit of measure equal to one watt of power
supplied to, or taken from, an electric circuit steadily for one hour.
Wax: A solid or semi-solid material at 77 degrees Fahrenheit consisting of a
mixture of hydrocarbons obtained or derived from petroleum fractions, or
through a Fischer-Tropsch type process, in which the straight chained paraffin
series predominates. This includes all marketable wax, whether crude or refined,
with a congealing point (ASTM D 938) between 80 (or 85) and 240 degrees Fahrenheit and a maximum oil content (ASTM D 3235) of 50 weight percent.
Well: A hole drilled in the Earth for the purpose of (1) finding or producing
crude oil or natural gas; or (2) producing services related to the production of
crude oil or natural gas. See Completion (Crude Oil/Natural Gas Production),
Crude Oil Well, Development Well, Dry Hole, Exploratory Well, and Natural
Gas Well.
Wellhead: The point at which the crude oil (and/or natural gas) exits the ground.
Following historical precedent, the volume and price for crude oil production are
labeled as wellhead, even though the cost and volume are now generally measured
383
at the lease boundary. In the context of domestic crude price data, the term wellhead
is the generic term used to reference the production site or lease property.
Wind Energy: Kinetic energy present in wind motion that can be converted to
mechanical energy for driving pumps, mills, and electric power generators.
Wellhead Price: The value of crude oil or natural gas at the mouth of the well.
See Natural Gas Wellhead Price.
Wood and Wood-Derived Fuels: Wood and products derived from wood that are
used as fuel, including round wood (cord wood), limb wood, wood chips, bark,
sawdust, forest residues, charcoal, paper pellets, railroad ties, utility poles, black
liquor, red liquor, sludge wood, spent sulfite liquor, and other wood-based solids and
liquids.
Well Servicing Unit: Truck-mounted equipment generally used for downhole services after a well is drilled. Services include well completions and recompletions,
maintenance, repairs, workovers, and well plugging and abandonments. Jobs range
from minor operations, such as pulling the rods and rod pumps out of a crude oil
well, to major workovers, such as milling out and repairing collapsed casing. Well
depth and characteristics determine the type of equipment used.
Western Europe: Includes Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Macedonia (The Former Yugoslav Republic of), Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the
United Kingdom.
384
Working Gas: The volume of gas in the reservoir that is in addition to the cushion
or base gas. It may or may not be completely withdrawn during any particular withdrawal season. Conditions permitting, the total working capacity could be used
more than once during any season.
Yellowcake: A natural uranium concentrate that takes its name from its color
and texture. Yellowcake typically contains 70 to 90 percent U3O8 (uranium
oxide) by weight. It is used as feedstock for uranium fuel enrichment and fuel
pellet fabrication.
Annual Historical Data Reports

from the U.S. Energy Information Administration
The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) produces a variety of annual statistical reports on major energy resources and industry activities. Included are:
Annual Energy Review

Long-term historical data on U.S. energy production, consumption,
stocks, trade, and prices. Includes an over view of U.S. energy and
detailed chapters on energy consumption, major fuels, financial indicators, energy resources, international energy data, and environmental indicators. Most series begin in 1949.
Annual Coal Report

Review of U.S. coal production; number of mines; prices; recoverable reserves; employment; productivity; productive capacity; consumption by sector; and stocks. Data are available at the
State level.
www.eia.gov/cneaf/coal/page/acr/acr_sum.html
www.eia.gov/aer
Petroleum Supply Annual

Information on the supply and disposition of crude oil and petroleum products. Volume 1 contains summary and detailed statistics,
including trade, stocks, and refinery data. Volume 2 contains final
monthly statistics for the annual data presented in Volume 1.
www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_supply_annual/
psa_volume1/psa_volume1.html
Petroleum Marketing Annual

Information on volumes and prices of crude oils and refined petroleum products, including motor gasoline, distillate fuel oil, residual
fuel oil, aviation fuel, kerosene, and propane.
www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_marketing_annual/
pma.html
Electric Power Annual

Review of U.S. electric power industry, including generation;
generating capacity; demand, capacity resources, and capacity margins; fuel consumption, stocks, receipts, cost, and
quality; emissions; trade; retail customers, sales, revenue, and
average retail prices; revenue and expense statistics; and demand-side management.
www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epa_sum.html
Renewable Energy Annual

Four reports: Renewable Energy Trends; Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Collector Manufacturing Activities; Sur vey of Geothermal Heat Pump Shipments; and Green Pricing and Net Metering
Programs.
www.eia.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/rea_data/rea_sum.htmll
Natural Gas Annual

Review of U.S. natural gas activities, including production, consumption, prices, movements, and storage. Summary data are presented by State and at the national level.
www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/data_publications/natural_gas_annual/nga.html
Uranium Marketing Annual Report

Review of U.S. uranium industry activities relating to uranium raw
materials and uranium marketing. Data for the most recent sur vey year and industrys plans and commitments for the
near-term future.
www.eia.gov/cneaf/nuclear/umar/umar.html
For more information about these and other EIA products, contact the Office of Communications at 2025868800 or infoctr@eia.gov.

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Annual Energy Review 2010

Important Notes About the Data

Annual Energy Review 2010

U.S. Energy Information Administration

2. Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. Petroleum and Other Liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jennifer Barrick

6. Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amy Sweeney

7. Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paulette Young

8. Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Channele Wirman

9. Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael Mobilia

10. Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gwendolyn Jacobs

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Changes in This Years Annual Energy Review

Noncombustible Renewable Energy

Petroleum and Other Liquids

Renewable Energy Resource Maps

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Appendix A. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Coal Flow, 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Figure 1.0 Energy Flow, 2010

Includes lease condensate.

Includes 0.01 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net exports.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Figure 1.1 Primary Energy Overview

Production and Consumption, 2010

Energy Flow, 2010

Adjustments, losses, and unaccounted for.

Source: Table 1.1.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2010

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Figure 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source

By Major Source, 1949-2010

Includes lease condensate.

Natural gas plant liquids.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Table 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2010

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

Figure 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption Estimates by Source

By Major Source, 1949-2010

By Major Source, 2010

Nuclear Electric Power

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2010

"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of Section 5.