Southwestern College of Maritime, Business and Technology, Inc.

Quezon Drive, Calero, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro

www.scmbt.edu.ph / slmifnav.official@gmail.com / slmifnav@yahoo.com.ph

SUBJECT: Navigational Watch 2 MODULE #: 4 and 5

DATE: TEACHER: MICHAEL R. SEMILLA

I. TOPIC: BRIDGE WATCHKEEPING

II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
1.1 Explain the importance of navigational aids, equipment and hazards
1.2 Assist in checking the operational condition of navigational equipment
1.3 Identify the navigational hazards that may be encountered during the watch TVL_MNW211BWCH-IIIf-g-1
III. TARGET OUTCOMES:
After the lesson the learner shall be able to know the importance of navigational aids, equipment and hazards
IV.MATERIALS NEEDED:
Whiteboard, marker, TV cellphone videos, pictures and any materials that can contribute learning.
V. GEAR UP YOUR MIND:
BRIDGE WATCHKEEPING
Navigational Aids

Lighthouse- : a structure (such as a tower) with a powerful light that gives a continuous or intermittent signal to
navigators. It is a tower with a bright light at the top, located at an important or dangerous place Regarding navigation
(travel over water). The two main purposes of a lighthouse are to serve as a navigational aid and to warn boats of
dangerous areas
Buoy - an anchored float serving as a navigation mark, to show reefs or other hazards, or for mooring.
Beacon - a light or other visible object serving as a signal, warning, or guide at sea, on an airfield,
Navigational Equipment
Herein, we have enlisted types of navigational equipment, both old and new, which are present on all merchant
ships.

1. Gyro Compass
It is used for finding the right direction. Unlike magnetic compass, gyro compass is not
hampered by an external magnetic field. It is used to find the correct North Position,
which is also the earth’s rotational axis to provide a stable directional source. Its repeater
system must be present in the steering platform for emergency steering

2. Radar
The seagoing vessels depend on S-band and X-band frequency radar system for
navigation as it can detect targets and display the information on the screen such as
the distance of the ship from land, any floating objects (an island, rocks, iceberg etc.),
other vessels, and obstacles to avoid a collision. It is a rotating antenna which
discovers the surrounding area of the ship.

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 Southwestern College of Maritime, Business and Technology, Inc.
Quezon Drive, Calero, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro
www.scmbt.edu.ph / slmifnav.official@gmail.com / slmifnav@yahoo.com.ph

3. Magnetic Compass
The magnetic compass work in conjunction with the magnetic field of
the earth and is the essential means of the direction indicating device. It
is used to get a planned course for the voyage. This ship navigation
equipment is usually fitted at the center line of the ship on the monkey
island. A transmitting magnetic type compass is fitted so that the output
can be displayed in the bridge panel.

4. Auto Pilot
The ship bridge layout is filled with equipment and tools used for navigation.
The autopilot is considered to be one of the most effective bridge
navigational equipment as it assists the human operator in controlling the
ship by keeping the steering in autopilot, which allows them to concentrate
on broad aspects of the operation.It is a combination of hydraulic,
mechanical, and electrical system and is used to control the ship’s steering
system from a remote location (Navigation bridge).

5. Arpa
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid
displays the position of a ship and other
vessels nearby. The radar displays the
position of the ships in the vicinity and
selects the course for the vessel by avoiding
any kind of collision.
This bridge navigational equipment constantly monitors the ship’s
surrounding and automatically acquires the number of targets, in this
case; ships, boats, stationary or floating objects etc., and plot their
speeds and courses respectively. It also presents them as vectors on
the display screen and constantly update the parameters with each
turn of the antenna by calculating their nearest points of approach to own ship and also the time before this will occur.

6. Echo Sounder
There are many modern ship navigation tools present on ship and echo sounder is
one of the instruments which has been in the play from almost 100 years now. It
is used to measure the depth of the water below the ship’s bottom using sound
waves which work on the principle of transmission of sound waves and an audio
pulse which will bounce off a reflecting layer, returning as an echo to the source.

7. ECDIS
Is a development in the navigational chart system used in naval vessels and ships. With
the use of the electronic navigation equipment, it has become easier for a ship’s
navigating crew to pinpoint locations, and attaining directions are easier than before.

8. Automatic Identification System

AIS is also among the types of a navigation system which helps to pinpoint the
location and other navigational statistics of ships. AIS uses VHF radio channels as
transmitters and receivers to send and receive messages between ships
which endeavors to fulfill a lot of responsibilities.

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 Southwestern College of Maritime, Business and Technology, Inc.
Quezon Drive, Calero, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro
www.scmbt.edu.ph / slmifnav.official@gmail.com / slmifnav@yahoo.com.ph

As per the regulation enforced by The International Maritime Organization (IMO), all passengers’ vessels and
commercial ships over 299 Gross Tonnage (GT) sailing in the international to carry a Class A AIS transponder.

9.Rudder Angle Indicator

Rudder angle indicator, as the name indicates, provides the angle of the rudder. The
display is provided on the navigation bridge equipment console so that the ship navigation
officer can control the rate of turn and rudder angle of the ship. The indication is also
provided in the bridge wing and engine control room.

10. Voyage Data Recorder

A VDR or voyage data recorder is a crucial instrument among the ship navigation
equipment list which is installed on a ship to continuously record vital information
related to the operation of a vessel. It contains a voice recording system for a period
of at least the last 12 hours. This recording is recovered and made use of for
investigation in events of accidents. The importance of VDR is similar to a “black box”
installed on an airplane.

11. Rate of turn indicator

This navigational tool indicates how fast the ship is turning at a steady rate (useful
during pilotage and manoeuvring), normally shown as a number of degrees
turned. The rate a ship is turning is measured in degrees per minute. This essential
tool assists a coxswain in steering a course safely.

12. GPS Receiver

A Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver is a display system used to show
the ship’s location with the help of Global positioning satellite in the earth’s
orbit.With the record of the ship’s positions, the speed, course, and the time is
taken to cover the distance between “two marked positions” can be calculated.

13. Sound Reception System

This acoustic system is required for a ship with a fully enclosed type bridge. It enables the
navigating officer inside the cabin to listen to the sound signals (such as fog or ship’s
horn) from other ships in the vicinity. This is fitted in ships bridge equipment console and
helps the navigating officer to conduct the look-out duty as per the International
Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.

14. Navigational Lights

All ships/boats– whether big or small are required to have night lights as a part
of the navigation systems. This system was introduced in the year 1838 by the
United States and then was followed by the United Kingdom in 1849. In the
year 1889, the International Maritime Conference was established by the
United States to establish proper guidelines to prevent marine accidents. In
the year 1897, these rules were officially adopted internationally. The
navigation lights are one of the most critical navigation equipment needed for
sailing in high seas as it enables self vessel being clearly visible to other ships
in the vicinity.

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 Southwestern College of Maritime, Business and Technology, Inc.
Quezon Drive, Calero, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro
www.scmbt.edu.ph / slmifnav.official@gmail.com / slmifnav@yahoo.com.ph

15. Ship Whistle

A ship’s horn is known as a whistle and it is generally provided in duplicate. One is
driven by air and the other is electrically operated. The whistle should be both manually
and electrically operational from the bridge. Among different instruments used in difficult
navigation such as bad weather, fog, poor visibility, high traffic etc., the ship’s whistle or
horn helps in alerting the nearby vessels. During an emergency, the horn is used to
notify and alert the ship’s crew and other vessels nearby.

16. Daylight Signalling Lamp/Aldis Lamp

They are light-signalling devices used for emergency signalling in the day time (and can also
be used during the night). Like other emergency ship instruments, the energy source for the
lamp is not solely dependent on the ship’s main power supply. Also, the lamp
enclosure should be weather and seawater- proof material.

17. Pilot Card

It is an informative booklet provided to the ship’s pilot. It consists of the dimension,
draught, turning circle, manoeuvring, propulsion equipment and other navigation
tools and instruments list of the vessel for safe manoeuvring.

18. Voyage Plan

A voyage Plan must be present onboard for referring past voyage plans or planning
a future voyage. Among the different aids to navigation carried on a ship, a voyage
plan is a tool for the deck officer to ensure the safety of the ship from a commercial
and legal perspective too. It is prepared by gathering different information such as
weather, meteorological, ship’s current and future cargo data, other navigational
data etc.

19. Forecastle Bell

It is used to mark the presence of the ship in fog or bad weather and sound the case of
an emergency, along with the ship’s main horn or whistle.

20. Maneuvering Booklet

In this booklet, the performance of the propulsion plant and the ship during maneuvering in
different weathers and situations is recorded for quick reference. The important content of the
maneuvering booklet are:
 Ships General description
 Maneuvering characteristics in deep water
 Stopping and speed control characteristics in deep water
 Maneuvering characteristics in shallow water
 Maneuvering characteristics in wind
 Maneuvering characteristics at low speed
 Additional information

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Quezon Drive, Calero, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro
www.scmbt.edu.ph / slmifnav.official@gmail.com / slmifnav@yahoo.com.ph

21. Black Ball Shape

It is a day time signalling shape used to determine the characteristics of the vessel with a different
arrangement of ball shapes. For e.g. a vessel at anchor will show a black ball at the foremost end
of the forecastle and a ship not under command shows two black balls in a vertical line on her
highest mast.

22. Record of Navigation Activities

All the navigational activities which are performed by the ship’s officers and crew
using different navigation equipment on the bridge must be recorded and kept on
board for ready reference. This is mandatory and the most important log book.

23. Wheelhouse Posters

Present in the Navigation bridge, it displays detailed information of manoeuvring
characteristics of the ship including turning circle, stopping and manoeuvring
characteristics of the vessel.

24. Black Diamond Shape

When the ship is being towed or when a vessel is unable to manoeuvres on itself, a black
diamond shape is shown during the day time.

25. Ship Flags

Various types of ship flags with different colours and signs are used to indicate
a navigation ship’s position. Signal flags are they are commonly known, have been used
since the ancient times and are still used on all vessels.

26. Navtex
NAVTEX (NAVigational TEleX), sometimes styled Navtex or NavTex,[1] is an international
automated medium frequency direct-printing service for delivery of navigational and meteorological
warnings and forecasts, as well as urgent maritime safety information (MSI) to ships.

27.VTS
Vessel traffic services - VTS - are shore-side systems which range from the
provision of simple information messages to ships, such as position of other traffic or
meteorological hazard warnings, to extensive management of traffic within a port or
waterway.

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 Southwestern College of Maritime, Business and Technology, Inc.
Quezon Drive, Calero, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro
www.scmbt.edu.ph / slmifnav.official@gmail.com / slmifnav@yahoo.com.ph

28. Updating Charts

It's pretty common to want to update charts after they've been created. When the chart
data or options are changed, Chart.js will animate to the new data values and options.

29. Master’s Standing Orders

The standing orders are a set of guidelines to ensure safe ship navigation and
operations whether at sea or at port. These set of guidelines by the Master
encompass a very wide array of aspects of navigation and rules of conduct for the
officers. Standing orders are to be followed at all times by the officer on duty and is
duly signed by every officer on board, making them liable to adhere to the orders.
That is to say that the standing orders are in-force and applicable at all times the
ship is at sea, at port or at anchor.

Master’s Night Orders The night orders are a supplement to the standing orders that come into force as the Master
proceeds to take rest during the night. The standing orders are in force at all times whereas the night orders add
specific points to the withstanding standing orders. The Master writes the night orders every night, with specific
regard pertaining to the existing state of the weather, sea and traffic. These are generally handwritten and again, duly
signed by every OOW. One should read these orders carefully because the Master uses his experience and
expertise to determine safe navigation in is absence and therefore lays down instructions as to the plotting intervals,
temperature/pressure reading intervals and so on and so forth. The captain is liable for the entire ship and putting
that trust onto the officers is a very big deal.

III.NAVIGATIONAL HAZARD

Weather Condition Traffic density U

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 Southwestern College of Maritime, Business and Technology, Inc.
Quezon Drive, Calero, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro
www.scmbt.edu.ph / slmifnav.official@gmail.com / slmifnav@yahoo.com.ph

VI. BOOST UP YOUR LEARNING

NAME: MODULE #:4 and 5 Nav Watch 2

SECTION: TEACHER: MICHAEL R. SEMILLA

A.TITLE OF THE ACTIVITY: Activity No. 1.IDENTICATION

B.LEARNING COMPETENCY Explain the importance of navigational aids, equipment and hazards

C.Directions: Read and analyze the activity

________________________1. It can detect targets and display the information on the screen such as the distance of the
ship from land, any floating objects (an island, rocks, iceberg etc.), other vessels, and obstacles to avoid a collision
_______________________2 Shown during the day time.when the ship is being towed or when a vessel is unable to
manoeuvres on itself,
_______________________3.These are a supplement to the standing orders that come into force as the Master
proceeds to take rest during the night.
_______________________4.It is an international automated medium frequency direct-printing service for delivery of
navigational and meteorological warnings and forecasts, as well as urgent maritime safety information (MSI) to ships.
_________________________5. It is a day time signalling shape used to determine the characteristics of the vessel
with a different arrangement of ball shapes.
_______________________6. A kind of booklet that the performance of the propulsion plant and the ship during
maneuvering in different weathers and situations is recorded for quick reference.
_______________________7.It is prepared by gathering different information such as weather, meteorological,
ship’s current and future cargo data, other navigational data etc.
_______________________8. are one of the most critical navigation equipment needed for sailing in high seas as it
enables self vessel being clearly visible to other ships in the vicinity.
_______________________9. It contains a voice recording system for a period of at least the last 12 hours.
_______________________10. IIt helps in alerting the nearby vessels. During an emergency, the horn is used to
notify and alert the ship’s crew and other vessels nearby.
_______________________11. It is used to mark the presence of the ship in fog or bad weather and sound the case
of an emergency, along with the ship’s main horn or whistle.
______________________12. They are light-signalling devices used for emergency signalling in the day time (and
can also be used during the night).
_________________________13. an anchored float serving as a navigation mark, to show reefs or other hazards, or
for mooring
.______________________14. a light or other visible object serving as a signal, warning, or guide at sea, on an
airfield,
______________________15.: A structure (such as a tower) with a powerful light that gives a continuous or
intermittent signal to navigators. REMINDER: Activities must be submitted after One (1) week on the date when the
module received .Late submission is automatically INVALID
VII. LEVEL UP YOUR LEARNING:
NAME: MODULE #: 4 and 5 Nav Watch 2
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 Southwestern College of Maritime, Business and Technology, Inc.
Quezon Drive, Calero, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro
www.scmbt.edu.ph / slmifnav.official@gmail.com / slmifnav@yahoo.com.ph

SECTION: TEACHER:MICHAEL R. SEMILLA

A.TITLE OF THE ACTIVITY : Activity No. 2 Identify the picture
B.LEARNING COMPETENCY: Explain the importance of navigational aids, equipment and hazards
C. Directions: Read and analyze the activity.

1._______________________ 2. _______________________ 3. _______________________

4._______________________ 5. _______________________ 6. _______________________

7._______________________ 8. _______________________ 9. _______________________

10._______________________ 11. _______________________ 12. _______________________

13._______________________ 14. _______________________ 15. _______________________

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