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    Solas: Magnetic Compass

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    Berbaño, Jan Joshua
    The Four Pillars summarize four key international maritime conventions that establish standards for ship safety, pollution prevention, crew training, and seafarer working conditions. SOLAS sets construction and equipment standards for ship safety. MARPOL prevents pollution from ships. STCW establishes crew certification standards. MLC sets standards for seafarer working conditions. There are two main types of compasses: magnetic compasses use magnetic elements to point towards magnetic poles, while gyro compasses rapidly spinning wheels to point towards true poles. Navigation involves directing ship movements using dead reckoning, celestial navigation, and navigational equipment. Key equipment includes radar, ARPA, echo sounders, ECDIS, and AIS systems which help with

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    Solas: Magnetic Compass

    Uploaded by

    Berbaño, Jan Joshua
    69 views2 pages
    The Four Pillars summarize four key international maritime conventions that establish standards for ship safety, pollution prevention, crew training, and seafarer working conditions. SOLAS sets construction and equipment standards for ship safety. MARPOL prevents pollution from ships. STCW establishes crew certification standards. MLC sets standards for seafarer working conditions. There are two main types of compasses: magnetic compasses use magnetic elements to point towards magnetic poles, while gyro compasses rapidly spinning wheels to point towards true poles. Navigation involves directing ship movements using dead reckoning, celestial navigation, and navigational equipment. Key equipment includes radar, ARPA, echo sounders, ECDIS, and AIS systems which help with

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    The-Four-Pillars

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    The Four Pillars summarize four key international maritime conventions that establish standards for ship safety, pollution prevention, crew training, and seafarer working conditions. SOLAS sets construction and equipment standards for ship safety. MARPOL prevents pollution from ships. STCW establishes crew certification standards. MLC sets standards for seafarer working conditions. There are two main types of compasses: magnetic compasses use magnetic elements to point towards magnetic poles, while gyro compasses rapidly spinning wheels to point towards true poles. Navigation involves directing ship movements using dead reckoning, celestial navigation, and navigational equipment. Key equipment includes radar, ARPA, echo sounders, ECDIS, and AIS systems which help with

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    69 views2 pages

    Solas: Magnetic Compass

    Uploaded by

    Berbaño, Jan Joshua
    The Four Pillars summarize four key international maritime conventions that establish standards for ship safety, pollution prevention, crew training, and seafarer working conditions. SOLAS sets construction and equipment standards for ship safety. MARPOL prevents pollution from ships. STCW establishes crew certification standards. MLC sets standards for seafarer working conditions. There are two main types of compasses: magnetic compasses use magnetic elements to point towards magnetic poles, while gyro compasses rapidly spinning wheels to point towards true poles. Navigation involves directing ship movements using dead reckoning, celestial navigation, and navigational equipment. Key equipment includes radar, ARPA, echo sounders, ECDIS, and AIS systems which help with

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    The Four Pillars 

    SOLAS – Safety of Life at Sea-The international SOLAS Convention sets minimum safety
    requirements for the construction, equipment, and operation of merchant ships.

    MARPOL – The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships – is the
    main international maritime Convention covering the prevention of environmental pollution by
    ships. MARPOL covers pollution prevention from a routine operational and accidental
    perspective.

    STCW – Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping– Sets minimum qualification


    standards for personnel and crew of all levels on board a ship, including masters, officers and
    watch personnel. It creates internationally recognized standards for seafarer training and
    certification, guaranteeing that crew members are qualified and capable of performing their
    duties at sea.

    MLC – Maritime Labour Convention – Sets out minimum standards for seafarers working on a
    ship. The comprehensive Convention provides an internationally recognized, single source of
    regulation and guidance.

    2 TYPES of COMPASS
    Magnetic compass-has a magnetic element (needle or a card) that aligns itself with
    magnetic lines of Earth's magnetic field to point to the magnetic poles of the Earth. 

    Gyro compass- has a rapidly spinning wheel whose rotation interacts with the rotation of
    the earth until its axis of rotation is parallel with the Earth's and points to the Earth's rotational
    poles. This compass points to the true poles of the Earth.

    Navigation The process of directing the movements of watercraft from one point to another

    Dead reckoning is the process of calculating current position of some moving object by using
    a previously determined position, or fix, by using estimations of speed, heading direction and
    course over elapsed time.

    Celestial Navigation is the art and science of finding your way by the sun, moon, stars, and
    planets, and, in one form or another, is one of the oldest practices in human history.
    Navigational equipment’s

    Radio Detection and Ranging (radar)- a system for detecting the presence,
    direction, distance, and speed of aircraft, ships, and other objects, by sending out pulses of
    high-frequency electromagnetic waves that are reflected off the object back to the source.

    X-band is widely used because of the ability to utilize smaller antennas that fit on most boats
    and to provide better target resolution. S-band radars are often used for specialized
    applications, such as seeing through heavy weather or precipitation and for long-range bird
    detection. S-band antennas are larger.

    Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) displays the position of a ship and other
    vessels nearby. The radar displays the position of the ships in the vicinity and selects the course
    for the vessel by avoiding any kind of collision.

    Are essentially utilized to improve the standard of collision avoidance at sea. Primarily designed
    as anti-collision radar, the ARPA technology removed the chore of plotting targets manually on
    a reflection plotter or separate plotting aid.

    Echo Sounder It is used to measure the depth of the water below the ship’s bottom using
    sound waves which work on the principle of transmission of sound waves and an audio pulse
    which will bounce off a reflecting layer, returning as an echo to the source.

    Electronic Chart Display Information System-ECDIS is a


    development in the navigational chart system used in naval vessels and ships. With the use of
    the electronic navigation equipment, it has become easier for a ship’s navigating crew to
    pinpoint locations, and attaining directions are easier than before.

    To replace paper charts altogether and make them obsolete.

    Automatic Identification system AIS is also among the types of a navigation


    system which helps to pinpoint the location and other navigational statistics of ships. AIS uses
    VHF radio channels as transmitters and receivers to send and receive messages between ships
    which

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