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1: Write a SQL Statement to Create a table.

id INT PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,

age INT CHECK (age > 0),

gender CHAR(1) CHECK (gender IN ('M', 'F')),

marks DECIMAL(5,2) CHECK (marks BETWEEN 0 AND 100)

);

OUTPUT:
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2: Write a SQL Statement for Describing the table.

 Using previous students table

DESCRIBE students;

OUTPUT:
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3: Write a SQL command for Inserting the values into table.

 To insert values in selective columns:

INSERT INTO students (id, name, marks) VALUES (1, 'Raj', 85.5);

 To insert values in selective columns:

INSERT INTO students VALUES (2, 'Priya', 18, 'F', 92.0);

 Inserting values

INSERT INTO students VALUES

(3, 'Shreya', 20, 'F', 99.0),

(4, 'Rahul', 18, 'M', 98.0);

OUTPUT:
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4: Write a SQL Statement to fetch the data from the table.

 Using previous students table

SELECT * FROM students;

OUTPUT:
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5: Write a SQL Statement Sorting the data.

 Sorting the Data by using order by

SELECT * FROM students ORDER BY marks DESC;

OUTPUT:
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6: Write a SQL Statement to rename the table.

 Rename the table students to Learners

ALTER TABLE students RENAME TO learners;

OUTPUT:
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7: Write a SQL Statement to delete a particular row.

 Inserting a dummy record :

INSERT INTO learners VALUES (5, 'Suresh', 22, 'M', 42.0);

SELECT * FROM learners;

OUTPUT:

 Delete a particular row:

DELETE FROM learners WHERE id = 5;

SELECT * FROM learners;

OUTPUT:
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8: Write a SQL Statement to delete all records from the table.

 Delete all records from the table:

DELETE FROM learners;

OUTPUT:
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9: Write a SQL Statement to drop the table.

 Drop the table from the database:

DROP TABLE learners;

OUTPUT:
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10: Write a SQL statement using Aggregate Functions(MIN, MAX, AVG,

 Assuming the table is recreated

CREATE TABLE students (

id INT PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,

age INT CHECK (age > 0),

gender CHAR(1) CHECK (gender IN ('M', 'F')),

marks DECIMAL(5,2) CHECK (marks BETWEEN 0 AND 100)

);

 Inserting values to the Table

INSERT INTO students VALUES

(1, 'Raj', 18, 'M', 93.0),

(2, 'Priya', 18, 'F', 92.0),

(3, 'Shreya', 20, 'F', 99.0),

(4, 'Rahul', 18, 'M', 98.0);

SELECT * FROM students;

OUTPUT:
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 Aggregate functions

-- Find the minimum, maximum, average, and total marks of all students
SELECT MIN(marks), MAX(marks), AVG(marks), SUM(marks) FROM students;

OUTPUT:

 Count function
-- Find the number of students who have marks above 80
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM students WHERE marks > 80;

OUTPUT:
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11: SQL operators.

CREATE TABLE employees (

id INT PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR(100),

salary DECIMAL(10, 2),

incentive DECIMAL(10, 2),

bonus DECIMAL(10, 2)

);

-- Insert some sample data

INSERT INTO employees (id, name, salary, incentive, bonus)

VALUES

(1, 'John', 50000.00, 2000.00, 500.00),

(2, 'Jane', 60000.00, 2500.00, 600.00),

(3, 'Alice', 55000.00, 2200.00, 550.00);

 Airthmatic Opertors(+,-,*,/,%)

-- Perform arithmetic operations and output the results

SELECT

id,

name,

salary,

incentive,

bonus,

salary + incentive + bonus AS total_pay, -- Total pay

salary * 0.1 AS ten_percent_of_salary, -- 10% of salary

salary - incentive AS net_salary, -- Net salary after deduction of incentive

salary * 0.05 AS five_percent_of_salary -- 5% of salary

FROM

employees;

OUTPUT:

 Compariosn Operators(=,<,>,<=,>=,<>)
SELECT
id,
name,
salary,
incentive,
bonus,
CASE
WHEN salary > 55000 THEN 'Above Average' -- Check if salary is above average
ELSE 'Below Average'
END AS salary_comparison,
CASE
WHEN incentive >= 2200 THEN 'Satisfactory' -- Check if incentive is satisfactory
ELSE 'Unsatisfactory'
END AS incentive_comparison,
CASE
WHEN bonus = 500 THEN 'Standard Bonus' -- Check if bonus is standard
ELSE 'Non-Standard Bonus'
END AS bonus_comparison
FROM
Employees;
OUTPUT:
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 Logical Operators(AND,OR,NOT,ALL,ANY,IN,BETWEEN,EXSITS,LIKE)

ALL Operator

SELECT ALL *FROM Employees WHERE salary >= 60000;

OUTPUT:
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12: Write a SQL statement using ALTER command with ADD, MODIFY
and DELETE keyword.
CREATE TABLE employees (

id INT PRIMARY KEY,

first_name VARCHAR(50),

last_name VARCHAR(50),

age INT,

department VARCHAR(50)

);

OUTPUT:

 ADD a new column named email of type VARCHAR(100):

OUTPUT:
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13: Integrity Constraints(Primary,Unique ,Not Null Keys)

CREATE TABLE Employees (

EmployeeID INT PRIMARY KEY,

FirstName VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,

LastName VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,

VoterID VARCHAR(10) UNIQUE,

Email VARCHAR(100)

);

INSERT INTO Employees (EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName,VoterID, Email)

VALUES

(1, 'John', 'Doe', 'DK7652','john@example.com'),

(2, 'Jane', 'Smith', 'PL786','jane@example.com'),

(3, 'Alice', 'Johnson','GJ874' ,NULL);

OUTPUT:
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14: Update Command.

 Taking Reference from Previous Employees Table.

UPDATE Employees
SET Email='Alice@gmai.com'
WHERE EmployeeID=3;

SELECT * FROM Employees;

OUTPUT:
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15: SQL Joins.

CREATE TABLE Employees (

EmployeeID INT,

Name VARCHAR(50),

DepartmentID INT

);

-- Insert data into Employees table

INSERT INTO Employees (EmployeeID, Name, DepartmentID)

VALUES

(1, 'John', 101),

(2, 'Alice', 102),

(3, 'Bob', 101),

(4, 'Sarah', 103);

-- Create Departments table

CREATE TABLE Departments (

DepartmentID INT,

DepartmentName VARCHAR(50)

);

-- Insert data into Departments table

INSERT INTO Departments (DepartmentID, DepartmentName)

VALUES

(101, 'IT'),

(102, 'HR'),
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(103, 'Marketing');

SELECT * FROM Employees;

SELECT * FROM Departments;

OUTPUT:

 Inner Join

SELECT Employees.EmployeeID, Employees.Name, Departments.DepartmentName

FROM Employees

INNER JOIN Departments ON Employees.DepartmentID = Departments.DepartmentID;

 Left Join
SELECT Employees.EmployeeID, Employees.Name, Departments.DepartmentName

FROM Employees

LEFT JOIN Departments ON Employees.DepartmentID = Departments.DepartmentID;

 Right Join

SELECT Employees.EmployeeID, Employees.Name, Departments.DepartmentName

FROM Employees

CROSS JOIN Departments ON Employees.DepartmentID = Departments.DepartmentID;