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computer fundation lab -3TGHGTHYT

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DBMS Dipanshu LabFileE

computer fundation lab -3TGHGTHYT

Uploaded by

YOGENDRA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

SHRI RAMSWAROOP

MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(UCS 3201)
LAB FILE
SESSION: 2024-2025

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:


MRS. SWETA SINGH NAME: Dipanshu Jha
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ROLL NO.: 202310101310036
GROUP: BCA-3A
INDEX

FACULTY
S.NO NAME OF ACTIVITY DATE REMARKS
SIGNATURE

Queries for DDL and


1
DML commands
SQL Queries Using
2
Logical Operators
SQL Queries Using SQL
3
Operators
SQL Queries Using
4 Character, Number, Date,
and Group Functions
SQL Queries For
5
Relational Algebra
SQL Queries For
6 Extracting Data From
More Than One Table
SQL Queries For Sub
7
Queries, Nested Queries
Write Program Of
8
PL/SQL
Concepts for Rollback,
9 Commit, Savepoints &
Checkpoints
Create VIEWS,
10 CURSORS And
TRIGGERS
Lab Activity 1
 Write the queries for Data Definition and Data
Manipulation Language

1. Data Definition Language (DDL) Queries

 CREATE TABLE
Syntax:

CREATE TABLE table_name (


column1 datatype constraint,
column2 datatype constraint,
...
);

Example Query:

CREATE TABLE Employees (


EmployeeID INT PRIMARY KEY,
FirstName VARCHAR(50),
LastName VARCHAR(50),
Department VARCHAR(50),
Salary DECIMAL(10, 2)
);

CREATE TABLE Departments (


DepartmentID INT PRIMARY KEY,
DepartmentName VARCHAR(50)
);

EMPLOYEE TABLE:-

DEPARTMENT TABLE:-

 ALTER TABLE
Syntax:

ALTER TABLE table_name


ADD (column_name datatype constraint);
Example Query:

ALTER TABLE Employees


ADD Email VARCHAR(100);

OUTPUT:-

 TRUNCATE TABLE
Syntax:

TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

Example Query:

TRUNCATE TABLE Employees;

OUTPUT:-

 DROP TABLE
Syntax:

DROP TABLE table_name;

Example Query:

DROP TABLE Employees;

2. Data Manipulation Language (DML) Queries

 INSERT INTO
Syntax:

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ...)


VALUES (value1, value2, ...);

Example Query:

INSERT INTO Employees (EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, Department, Salary,


Email)
VALUES
(1, 'Nikhil', 'Kapoor', 'HR', 51500.00, 'nikhil.kapoor@example.com'),
(2, 'Sneha', 'Joshi', 'IT', 64500.00, 'sneha.joshi@example.com'),
(3, 'Aryan', 'Mehta', 'Finance', 70500.00, 'aryan.mehta@example.com'),
(4, 'Zoya', 'Ali', 'Marketing', 53500.00, 'zoya.ali@example.com'),
(5, 'Raj', 'Malhotra', 'Sales', 61500.00, 'raj.malhotra@example.com'),
(6, 'Tara', 'Chopra', 'HR', 52500.00, 'tara.chopra@example.com'),
(7, 'Karan', 'Bhatia', 'IT', 67500.00, 'karan.bhatia@example.com'),
(8, 'Ishita', 'Reddy', 'Finance', 73500.00, 'ishita.reddy@example.com'),
(9, 'Ravi', 'Shah', 'Marketing', 55500.00, 'ravi.shah@example.com'),
(10, 'Neha', 'Bhatt', 'Sales', 60500.00, 'neha.bhatt@example.com');

INSERT INTO Departments (DepartmentID, DepartmentName)


VALUES
(10, 'HR'),
(20, 'Finance'),
(30, 'Engineering');

OUTPUT:-

EMPLOYEES TABLE

DEPARTMENT TABLE

 UPDATE
Syntax:

UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...
WHERE condition;

Example Query:

UPDATE Employees
SET Salary = 55000
WHERE EmployeeID = 1;

OUTPUT:-
 DELETE
Syntax:

DELETE FROM table_name


WHERE condition;

Example Query:

DELETE FROM Employees


WHERE EmployeeID = 10;

OUTPUT:-
Lab Activity 2
 Write SQL Queries Using Logical Operators
 AND Operator
Syntax:

SELECT column1, column2, ...


FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 AND condition2;

Example Query:

SELECT FirstName, LastName


FROM Employees
WHERE Salary > 50000 AND Department = "IT";

OUTPUT:-

 OR Operator
Syntax:

SELECT column1, column2, ...


FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 OR condition2;

Example Query:

SELECT FirstName, LastName


FROM Employees
WHERE Department = "IT" OR Department = "Marketing";

OUTPUT:-

 NOT Operator
Syntax:

SELECT column1, column2, ...


FROM table_name
WHERE NOT condition;

Example Query:

SELECT FirstName, LastName


FROM Employees
WHERE NOT Department = "IT";

OUTPUT:-
Lab Activity 3
 Write SQL Queries Using SQL Operators
 Comparison Operators
Syntax:

SELECT column1, column2, ...


FROM table_name
WHERE column1 operator value;

Example Query:

SELECT FirstName, LastName


FROM Employees
WHERE Salary > 50000;

OUTPUT:-

 Arithmetic Operators
Syntax:

SELECT column1 + column2 AS result


FROM table_name;

Example Query:

SELECT FirstName, Salary, Salary * 0.1 AS Bonus


FROM Employees;

OUTPUT:-
 String Operators
Syntax:

SELECT CONCAT(coulmn1, ' ', column2) AS concatenated_column


FROM table_name;

Example Query:

SELECT CONCAT(FirstName, ' ', LastName) AS FullName


FROM Employees;

OUTPUT:-
Lab Activity 4
 Write SQL Queries Using Character, Number, Date, and
Group Functions

1. Character Functions

 UPPER and LOWER


Syntax:

UPPER(string)
LOWER(string)

Example Query:

SELECT UPPER(FirstName) AS UpperFirstName, LOWER(LastName) AS LowerLastName


FROM Employees;

OUTPUT:-

2. Number Functions

 ROUND
Syntax:

ROUND(number, decimal_places)

Example Query:

SELECT Salary, ROUND(Salary, -3) AS RoundedSalary


FROM Employees;

OUTPUT:-
3. Group Functions

 AVERAGE
Syntax:

SELECT AVG(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

Example Query:

SELECT Department, AVG(Salary) AS AvgSalary


FROM Employees
GROUP BY Department;

OUTPUT:-

 SUM
Syntax:

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

Example Query:

-- Sum of all employee salaries


SELECT Department, SUM(Salary) AS TotalSalaries
FROM Employees
GROUP BY Department;

OUTPUT:-
 COUNT
Syntax:

SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

Example Query:

-- Count the total number of employees


SELECT Department, COUNT(EmployeeID) AS TotalEmployees
FROM Employees
GROUP BY Department;

OUTPUT:-

 MIN
Syntax:

SELECT MIN(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

Example Query:

-- Minimum salary among employees


SELECT Department, MIN(Salary) AS MinimumSalary
FROM Employees
GROUP BY Department;

OUTPUT:-
 MAX
Syntax:

SELECT MAX(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

Example Query:

-- Maximum salary among employees


SELECT Department, MAX(Salary) AS MaximumSalary
FROM Employees
GROUP BY Department;

OUTPUT:-

 FIRST Element By Using LIMIT


Syntax:

SELECT column1, column2, ...


FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name ASC
LIMIT 1;

Example Query:

-- First employee by EmployeeID


SELECT FirstName, LastName
FROM Employees
ORDER BY EmployeeID ASC
LIMIT 1;

OUTPUT:-

 LAST Element By Using LIMIT


Syntax:

SELECT column1, column2, ...


FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name DESC
LIMIT 1;
Example Query:

-- First employee by EmployeeID


SELECT FirstName, LastName
FROM Employees
ORDER BY EmployeeID DESC
LIMIT 1;

OUTPUT:-

 GROUP_CONCAT
Syntax:

SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(column_name SEPARATOR 'separator')


FROM table_name
GROUP BY column_name;

Example Query:

-- List all employees in each department


SELECT Department, GROUP_CONCAT(FirstName SEPARATOR ', ') AS Employees
FROM Employees
GROUP BY Department;

OUTPUT:-

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