IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Acid base Concepts

1. Which of the following is the strongest acid?

(1) H3PO4 (2) H2SO4 (3) HNO2 (4) CH3COOH

2. According to Bronsted and Lowrry concept, water is a/an:

(1) Base (2) Acid (3) Amphoteric (4) Salt

3. An acid with molelcular formula C7H6O3 forms three types of sodium salts. i.e., C7H5O3Na,
C7H4O3Na2 and C7H3O3Na3. The basicity of the acid is:
(1) One (2) Two (3) Three (4) Four

4.Consider various species generated when H3PO4 dissolved in water. Among these, the conjugate
acid of HPO42– is :
(1) H3PO4 (2) H2PO4– (3) PO43+ (4) H3O+
5. In the equilibrium
CH3COOH + HF CH3COOH2+ + F –
[BHU 1987]
(1) F is the conjugate acid of CH3COOH
–

(2) F– is the conjugate base of HF

(3) CH3COOH is the conjugate acid of CH3 COOH2+
(4) CH3 COOH2+ is the conjugate base of CH3COOH

6. Which of the following can act both as Bronsted acid and Bronsted base ?

(1) Cl– (2) HCO3– (3) H3O+ (4) OH–

7. Which of the following is the strongest conjugate base?

(1) Cl– (2) CH3COO– (3) SO4– – (4) NO2–

8. The conjugate base of [AI(H2O)3(OH)3] is :

(1) [AI(H2O)3(OH)2]+ (2) [AI(H2O)3(OH)2O]– (3) [AI(H2O)3(OH)3]– (4) [AI(H2O)2(OH)4]–

Ostwald dilution law, Property of water, pH scale, Relation between Ka and Kb

for conjugated acid and base
9. The degree of dissociation in a weak electrolyte increases :
(1) On increasing dilution (2) On increasing pressure
(3) On decreasing dilution (4) None of these

10. Ostwald's dilution law gives satisfactory results with the solution of which electrolyte ?

(1) HCl (2) HNO3 (3) CH3COOH (4) NaOH

11. pH of human blood is 7.4. Then H+ concentration will be:

(1) 4× 10–8 (2) 2 × 10–8 (3) 4 ×10–4 (4) 2 ×10–4

12. pH of pure water is 7 at 298K. If the solution is heated to 320K, which of the following
statement is true?
(1) pH will decrease (2) pOH will increase
(3) pH will increase (4) pH will decrease and pOH will increase

13. Aniline is a very weak base. Which of the given aniline solution will have highest degree of
dissociation?
(1) 1M aniline (2) 0.1 M aniline (3*) 0.01 M aniline (4) 0.02 M aniline

14. The values of dissociation constants of some acids (at 25°C ) are as follows. Indicate which is
the strongest acid in water ?
(1) 1.4 × 10–2 (2) 1.6 × 10–4 (3) 4.4 × 10–10 (4) 4.3 × 10–7

15. Select the correct statement :

1
(1) If [H+] = y 10–x M then pH = x – log y (2) If [H+] = 10–x M then pH = x + log y
y

(3) At 25°C, pH of a solution = 14 + log [OH–] (4) All of the above

16. The values of dissociation constants of some acids (at 25°C ) are as follows. Indicate which is
the strongest acid in water ?
(1) 1.4 × 10–2 (2) 1.6 × 10–4 (3) 4.4 × 10–10 (4) 4.3 × 10–7

17. For two acids A and B, pKa = 1.2, pKb = 2.8 respectively in value, then which is true ?

(1) A and B both are equally acidic (2) A is stronger than B

(3) B is stronger than A (4) Neither A nor B is strong

18. For an acid solution, at 25°C the [OH–] is:

(1) > 10–7 M (2) < 10–7 M (3) 10–14 M (4) 10–7 M

19. In pure HCOOH liquid, concentration of HCOO – = 10–3 M at 27ºC. What is the self ionisation
constant at 27ºC (K = [HCOOH2+] [HCOO–]) ?

(1) 10–3 (2) 103 (3) 106 (4) 10–6

pH Calculations : Solutions of Strong Acid, Strong Base and their mixture

20. The pH of M/10 HCl is :

[AFMC-2001]
(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 2 (4) 1

21. The pH value of 10–4 M NaOH solution is :

(1) 4 (2*) 10 (3) 6 (4) between 6-7
22. Which one has pH =12 ?

(1) 0.01 M KOH (2) 1 M KOH (3) 1 M NaOH (4) 0.5 M Ca(OH)2

M
23. On adding 0.04 g solid NaOH to a 100 mL, Ba(OH)2 solution, determine change in pH :
200
M
100 mL, Ba(OH)2
200
(1) 0 (2) +0.3 (3) –0.3 (4) +0.7

24. The pH of 10–7 M NaOH is

(1) 7 (2) Between 7 and 8 (3) Between 9 and 10 (4) Greater than 10

25. The pH value of 1.0 × 10–8 M HCl solution is less than 8 because
(1) HCl is completely ionised at this concentration
(2) The ionization of water is negligible
(3) The ionization of water cannot be assumed negligible in comparison with this low
concentration of HCl
(4) The pH cannot be calculated at such a low concentration of HCl

26. Which of the following solutions are not correctly matches with its pH :

(1) 0.001 M HNO3 ; (pH = 3) (2) 0.005 M H2SO4 ; (pH = 2)

(3) 10–8 M NaOH ; (pH = 7.02) (4) 0.0008 M Ba(OH)2 ; (pH = 11)

27. Which solution has pH exactly equal to 6 at 25ºC ?

(1) 10–6 M CH3COOH solution (2) 10–8 M NaOH solution
(3) 10–6 M H+ solution (4) 5 × 10–7 M H2CO3 solution
. The pH of 1L NaOH solution can be changed from 13 to 12 by :
(1) Diluting it to 10L (2) Adding 0.1 mole of NaOH
(3) Removing 0.9 mole of OH – (4) Removing 0.01 mole of OH–

29. Which would decrease the pH of 25cm 3 of a 0.01M solution of hydrochloric acid
(1) The addition of 25cm 3 of 0.005 M hydrochloric acid
(2) The addition of 25 cm3 of 0.02 M hydrochloric acid
(3) The addition of magnesium metal
(4) None of these

30. 10–6 M HCI is diluted to 100 times. Its pH is :

(1) 6.0 (2) 8.0 (3) 6.95 (4) 9.5

10−6
Sol. New concentration of; HCI = = 10–8 M
100
pH Calculations : Weak Acid, Weak Base, Polyprotic acid
31. The pH of 0.1M CH3COOH (dissociation constant of acetic acid is 1.80 × 10–5 at 25ºC) will be

(1) 5 (2) 2.873 (3) 1 (4) 0.18

32. Pure water is kept in a vessel and it remains exposed to atmospheric CO2 which is absorbed.
Then its pH will be :
(1) Greater than 7 (2) Less than 7
(3) 7 (4) Depends on ionic product of water

33. The pH of a 0.1 M aqueous solution of a weak acid (HA) is 3. What is its degree of
dissociation ?

(1*) 1% (2) 10% (3) 50% (4) 25%

34. 0.02 M monobasic acid dissociates 2%. Hence, pH of the solution is :

(1) 0.3979 (2) 1.3979 (3) 1.699 (4) 3.3979

35. Concentration of CH3COO– is 0.001 M, when 0.1 moles of CH 3COOH were dissolved in 1L
water. Ka of CH3COOH is :

(1) 2 × 10–5 (2) 10–5 (3) 10– 6 (4) 2 × 10–4

36. For two weak acis A and B, the ratio of their percent ionization is 4 : 9. The ratio of their K a
would be :

(1) 4 : 9 (2) 2 : 3 (3) 16 : 81 (4) 3 : 2

37. What will be the pH of a 0.01 M H 3PO4 solution having [PO43–] = 10–5 M ?
K a1 = 10 −4 ,K a2 = 10 −6 ,K a3 = 10 −8

(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 5 (4) 6

38. The hydrogen ion concentration of 0.1 M solution of CH3COOH, which is 30% dissociated, is

(1) 0.03 (2) 3.0 (3) 0.3 (4) 30.0

39. Equal volumes of 0.1 M aniline solution (Kb = 10–10) is mixed with 0.1M NH3 solution (Kb = 10–
6). Then, which of the following is correct ?

(1) aniline > NH3 (2) aniline = NH3

(3) NH3 > aniline (4) Can’t be predicted from the given information.
40. The dissociation constant of two acids HA1 and HA2 are 3.14 × 10–4 and 1.96 × 10–5
respectively. The relative strength of the acids will be approximately :

(1) 1 : 4 (2) 4 : 1 (3) 1 : 16 (4) 16 : 1

Salt Hydrolysis
41. The reverse process of neutralisation is :
(1) Hydrolysis (2) Decomposition (3) Dehydration (4) Synthesis

42. When a salt ‘X’ is dissolved in water at pH = 7, the resulting solution becomes alkaline in
nature. Salt ‘X’ is made up of :

(1) strong acid and strong base (2) weak acid and weak base
(3) weak acid and strong base (4) strong acid and weak base

43. The salt that when added to water will not change its pH is :

(1) Na2CO3 (2) NaCI (3) KCN (4) NH4CI

44. The most acidic aqueous solution is :

(1) CH3COONa (2) Na2CO3 (3) NH4CI (4) Na2HPO4

45. Which of the following salts undergo anionic hydrolysis ?

(1) Na3PO4 (2) NaCl (3) NH4Cl (4) FeSO4

46. The aqueous solution of which of the following salt has the lowest pH ?

(1) NaClO (2) NaClO2 (3) NaClO3 (4) NaClO4

47. What is the pH of an aqueous solution of ammonium acetate (Ka = Kb = 1.8 10–5) ?
(1) > 7 (2*) 7.0 (3) < 7.0 (4) Zero

48. The hydrolysis constant of 0.5 M ammonium benzoate is 6.25 × 10 –6. The percentage
hydrolysis of the salt is :

(1) 0.25 (2) 0.177 (3) 0.125 (4) 0.50

49. The pH of 0.01 M sodium acetate solution is : [Ka(CH3COOH)] = 2 10–5

(1) 7.25 (2) 6.5 (3) 8.05 (4) 8.35

Buffer Solutions
50. Which of the following does not act as a buffer solution ?
(NSEC-2001)
(1) Sodium acetate and acetic acid (2) Boric acid and borax
(3) NH4OH and NH4Cl (4) Sodium acetate and sodium hydroxide
51. Buffer solutions have constant acidity and alkalinity because :

(1) these give unionised acid or base on reaction with added acid or alkali.
(2) acids and alkalies in these solution are shielded from attack by other ions.
(3) they have large excess of H+ or OH– ions.
(4) they have fixed value of pH.

52. Which may be added to one litre of water to act a buffer:

(1) One mole of CH3COOH and one mole of HCI (2) One mole of NH4OH and one mole of
NaOH
(3) One mole of NH4CI and one mole of HCI (4) One mole of CH3COOH and 0.5 mole of
NaOH

53. Calculate the pH of a solution made by mixing 150 cm3 of 0.10 M CH3 COONa and 250 cm3 of
0.10 M CH3COOH. [Ka of CH3COOH = 1.8 x 10–5]

(1) 237 (2) 4.52 (3) 4.74 (4) 4.97

54. A buffer solution is prepared by mixing 0.050 moles of a weak acid HA and 0.20 moles of NaA
in sufficient amount of water to give 500 mL of solution (K a for HA is 4.5 × 10-4). The pH of this
solution is :

(1) 1.97 (2) 2.17 (3) 2.74 (4) 3.95

55. Kb of aniline is 10–10 . A solution containing equal moles of aniline and anilinium chloride will
be :
(1) basic (2) neutral (3) acidic (4) can’t be
predicted

56. In a mixing of acetic acid and sodium acetate the ratio of concentration of the salts to the acid
is increased ten times. Then the pH of the solution :

(1) Increases by one (2) Decreases by one (3) Decrease ten fold (4) Increase ten fold
57. Which of the following solutions cannot act as a buffer ?
(1) HCN + NaCN (2) CH3COOH + CH3COONa
(3) HCl + NH4Cl (4) H3PO4 +Na2HPO

58. Which of the following will produce a buffer solution when mixed in equal volumes?
(1) 0.1 mol dm–3 NH4OH and 0.1 mol dm–3 HCl
(2) 0.05 mol dm–3 NH4OH and 0.1 mol dm–3 HCl
(3) 0.1 mol dm–3 NH4OH and 0.05 mol dm–3 HCl
(4) 0.1 mol dm–3 CH4COONa and 0.1 mol dm–3 NaOH

59. A solution contain equal moles of CH3COOH and CH3COONa. The pH will change
significantly if :
(1) small amount of CH3 COONa is added without changing volume.
(2) small amount of CH3COOH is added without changing volume.
(3) the solution is diluted
(4) moles of CH3COOH equal to moles of CH3COONa are added.
Sol. Buffer action of above solution will vary when moles of HCl added to the solution one equal to
moles of CH3COONa.
CH3COONa + HCl ⎯⎯
→ CH3COOH + NaCl
t=0 a a 0 0
after reaciton 0 0 a a

Acid base Titration and Indicator

60. The pH indicators are :
(1) Salts of strong acids and strong bases (2) Salts of weak acids and weak bases
(3) Either weak acids or weak bases (4) Either strong acids or strong bases

61. The pH range of methyl red indicator is :

(1) 4.2 to 6.3 (2) 8.3 to 10.0 (3) 8.0 to 9.6 (4) 6.8 to 8.4

62. What is the pH of the solution at half neutralization in the titration of 0.1 M CH 3COOH and 0.1
M KOH :
(Ka = 1.8 10–5)
(1) 4.75 (2) 1 (3) 13 (4) Zero

63. 0.1 dm3 of 0.1 M acetic acid is titrated against 0.1 M NaOH. When 50 cm 3 of 0.1 M NaOH are
added, the pH of the solution will be : (pKa = 4.74)

(1) 2.37 (2) 4.74 (3) 1.34 (4) 5.74

64. Why are strong acids generally used as standard solutions in acid-base titrations
(1) The pH at the equivalence point will always be 7
(2) They can be used to titrate both strong and weak bases
(3) Strong acids form more stable solutions than weak acids
(4) The salts of strong acids do not hydrolysed

65. The total number of different kind of buffers obtained during the titration of H3PO4 with NaOH
are:
(1) 3 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) Zero

66. A 50 ml sample of weak monobasic acid HA requires 100 ml of 0.25 M NaOH for complete
neutralization. If the pH = 5 when 100 ml of same NaOH is added to 100 ml of original sample
of HA., then pKa of HA is :
(1) 5 (2) 5.5 (3) 6 (4) 9

67. Which indicator will be suitable for the titration of acetic acid vs NaOH ?
(1) methyl orange [pKin = 3.7] (2) bromocresol green [pKIn = 4.7]
(3) chlorophenol red [pKIn = 6.1] (4) phenolphthalein [pKIn = 9.6]
Solubility product and solubility calculation
68. Which is the correct representation of the solubility product constant of Ag 2CrO4 ?

+ 2 −2 + −2 + −2 + 2 −2
(1) [ Ag ] [CrO 4 ] (2) [ Ag ] [CrO 4 ] (3) [2 Ag ] [CrO 4 ] (4) [2 Ag ] [CrO 4 ]

69. The solubility of PbCl2 is :

3 K sp
3
(1) K sp (2) K sp (3) 4 (4) 8K sp

70. The solubility product of Ag2CrO4 is 32×10–12 . What is the concentration of CrO2–
4 ions in that
solution
Ag2CrO4
(1) 2 × 10–4 M (2) 16 × 10–4 M (3) 8×10–4 M (4) 8×10–8 M

71. Solubility of BaF2 in a solution of Ba(NO3)2 will be represented by the concentration term:
Ba(NO3)2 BaF2

(1) [Ba2+] (2) [F–] (3) 1/2[F–] (4) 2[ NO3− ]

72. Ksp of AgCl is 1 10–10. Its solubility in 0.1 M KNO3 will be :

(1) 10–5 moles/litre (2) > 10–5 moles/litre (3) < 10–5 moles/litre (4) None of these

73. The necessary condition for saturated solution is :

(1) Product of ionic concentrations raised to power their number produced from one formula
unit = Solubility product
(2) Products of ionic concentrations raised to power their number produced from one formula
unit < solubility products
(3) Product of ionic concentrations raised to power their number produced from one formula
unit > solubility product
(4) None of the above

74. If each of the following salts has Ksp =1 × 10–9, which of them is the least soluble in water ?

(1) XY (2) XY2 (3) X2Y (4) X3Y

75. If Ksp (AgCl) is 10–10 , then which of the solution are saturated with AgCl ?
(1) [Ag+] = 10–10 , [Cl–] = 1M (2) [Ag+] = 10–11, [Cl–] = 1M
(3) [Ag+] = 10–6 M [Cl–] = 10–5 M (4) [Ag+] = 10–2M, [Cl–] = 10–8.5M

76. Ksp of AgBr is 5 × 10–13 . Precipitation of AgBr will take place in a solution having :
(1) 0.1 M AgNO3 and 5 × 10–12 M NaBr (2) 5 × 10–12 M AgNO3 and 0.1 M NaBr
(3) 2 × 10–6 M AgNO3 and 4 × 10–8 M NaBr (4) 2 × 10–6 M AgNO3 and 4 × 10–6 M NaBr
77. The solubility Fe(OH)3 will be maximum in :

(1) 0.1 M Ca(OH)2 (2) 0.2 M HCl (3) 0.2M NaOH (4*) 0.2 M H2SO4

78. The solubility product of Ag2CO3 and FeCO3 in water at 25ºC are 4 × 10–12 and 2.5 × 10–11
respectively. If S1 and S2 are their solubilities in water respectively when dissolved separately,
then S1/S2 is :

(1) 2 : 1 (2) 20 : 1 (3) 1 : 2 (4) 1 : 20

79. How many millimoles of NaOH should be added to 1L of 0.1M FeCl 3 solution to just start the
precipitation of Fe(OH)3 ? Ksp [Fe(OH)3] = 8 × 10–13.

(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 0.2 (4) 0.4

80. The solubility product of AgCl is 1.8 × 10 –10. Precipitation of AgCl will occur only when equal
volumes of
solutions of :
(1) 10–4M Ag+ and 10–4 M Cl– are mixed (2) 10–7 M Ag+ and 10–7 M Cl– are mixed
(3) 10–5 M Ag+ and 10–5 M Cl– are mixed (4) 2 × 10–5 M Ag+ and 2 × 10–5 M Cl– are
mixed.
SOLUTIONS

1.
Sol. H2SO4 is a mineral acid.
2.
Sol. Because it gain and also lose the proton
–
H2 O + H 2 O H3O+ + OH
3.
Sol. The molecule shows that three H atoms are replaceable, i.e., basicity of acid.

4.
SOL (2)

5.
Sol. CH3COOH + HF CH3COOH2+ + F–.
HF gives H+ to the CH3COOH & forms F–. So it is a conjugate base of HF.
HF, CH3COOH H+ HF

6.
Sol. Those substance which accept the proton are called Bronsted base and which donate the
proton are called Bronsted acid.

HCO3– + H+ H2CO3 (as Bronsted base)

–
HCO 3 H+ + CO3– – (as Bronsted acid)

7.
Sol. Because it is conjugate base of weak acid.

8.
+ +
−H +H
Sol. Acid ⎯⎯⎯ → Conjugate base, ⎯⎯⎯ → Base Conjugate acid

9.
K
Sol. (1) In weak electrolyte, the degree of dissociation, = . So it increases with increasing
C
dilution.
10.
Sol. Ostwald's dilution law is valid for weak electrolytes.

11.
Sol. pH = –log[H+] ; 7.4 = –log[H+] ; [H+] = 4 × 10–8 M

12. SOL (1)

13.
1
Sol. .
c

T [H+] pH
.14.
Sol. More is Ka , lesser is pKa (pKa = – log Ka), more is acidic strength.

15.
Sol. (1) [H+] = y × 10–x
pH = – log[H+] – log [y × 10–x] – log y – log10–x
xlog1010 – log y x – log y.
1
(2) [H+] = × 10–x
y
1 1
pH = – log 10− x x – log x + log y.
y y
(3) [H+] [OH–] = –14
– log[H+] [OH–] = – log10–14 – log H+ – log OH– = 14
pH = 14 + log[OH–].

16.
Sol. More is Ka , lesser is pKa (pKa = – log Ka), more is acidic strength.

17. SOL(2)

18.
Sol. For an acid solution pH < 7, pOH > 7, OH – < 10–7.

19.
Sol. K = [HCOOH2+] [HCOO–] = 10–3 × 10–3 = 10–6

20.
Sol. pH = – log[H+] = 1.

21.
Sol. pOH = 4 pH = 14 – 4 = 10.
22.
Sol. [OH–] = 10–2 M ; pOH = 2
pH + pOH = 14 ; pH = 14 – pOH
pH = 14 – 2 = 12
23.
2
Sol. Initial [OH–] = = 10–2 M pH = 12
200
0.04
Final ( ) [OH–] = 10–2 + = 2 × 10–2 pH = 12.3
40 0.1
So, change = 12.3 – 12 = +0.3
24.
Sol. 10–7 M NaOH means [OH–]= 10–7 + 10–7 (from water, approximately)
pOH = 7–log 2 = 6.7 pH = 7.3
25.
Sol. As the solution is acidic, pH < 7. This is because [H+] from H2O cannot be neglected in
comparison to
10–8 M.

26.
Sol. (i) 0.001 M HNO3 : HNO3 ⎯⎯→ H+ + NO3–
t=0 10 M
–3 0 0
t=eq ( ) 0 10–3 10–3
pH = – log10 = 3.
–3

(ii) 0.005 M H2SO4 : H2SO4 ⎯⎯→ SO42– + 2H+

t=0 0.005 M 0 0
t=eq ( ) 0 0.005 10–2
pH = – log(10–2) = 2.
(iii) 10 M NaOH :
–8 NaOH ⎯⎯→ Na+ + OH–
t=0 10 M
–8 0 0
t=eq ( ) 0 10–8 10–8.
t=eq ( ) H2O ⎯⎯→ H + OH
+ –

x x
So, in solution, [OH–] = (10–8 + x) M and [H+] = x
, [OH–] = (10–8 + x) M [H+] = x
Kw = 10–14 = [H+] [OH–] x(10–8 + x) = 10–14
x = 9.5 × 10–8 = [H+] pH = 7.022
(iv) 0.0008 M Ba(OH)2 : Ba(OH)2 ⎯⎯
→ Ba2+ + 2OH–
t=0 8 × 10–4 M 0 0
t=eq ( ) 0 8 × 10–4 2 × 8 × 10–4.
[OH–] = 16 × 10–4 M.
pOH = 2.8.
pH = 11.2.

27. SOL(3)

28.
Sol. By changing concentration 10 times, pH change by 1 unit.

29. SOL (2)

30.
10−6
Sol. New concentration of; HCI = = 10–8 M
100

31. SOL (2)

32.
Sol. CO2 is acidic oxide, which on dissolution in water develops acidic nature.
33. SOL(1)
34.
2
Sol. [H+]= .C = × .02 ; [H+] = 4 × 10–4 M
100
pH = –log [H+] = 4 – log 4 ; pH = 3.3979

35.
Sol. CH3COOH CH3COO– + H+
t=0 0.1 0 0
t=teq 0.1–0.001 0.1 0.001 0.001
[CH3 COO– ][H+ ] (0.001)(0.001)
Ka = = Ka = 10–5.
[CH3 COOH] (0.1)

36.
2
Sol. Ka
2
K a1 4 16
= =
K a2 9 81

37.
Sol. Ka = 10–4 × 10–6 × 10–8 = 10–18
[H+ ]3 PO3–
4
or, 10–18 = [H+] = 10–5 pH = 5
[H3PO4 ]
38.
30
Sol. (1) [H+] = c × = 0.1 × = 0.03 M
100

39.
Kb
Sol. = (C is same for both) ( C )
C

40.
1
K a1 3 . 14 10 −4
Sol. = = = 4 :1
2 K a2 1 .6 10 −5

41.
Sol. H+ + OH— → H2O.

42. SOL(3)

43. SOL(2)

44. SOL(3)

45.
Sol. Anion of weak acid will undergo hydrolysis. So, PO43–.
46.
Sol. NaClO4 is a salt of strong acid HClO4.

47.
1 1
Sol. pH = 7 + (pKa – pKb) = 7 + [0]
2 2
pH = 7.
48.
Sol. Salt is of WAWB

h
Kh =
1– h
h
6.25 10−6 =
1– h
h
25 × 10–4 =
1– h
%h = 25 × 10–2 = 0.25

49.
1 1
Sol. pH = [pKw + pKa + log10C] = [14 + 5 – log2 + log1010–2] = 8.35.
2 2

50. SOL(4)

51.
Sol. On adding small amount of acid (H+) and base (OH–), weak acid or weak base will form
respectively.
52.
Sol. HC2H3O2 + NaOH → C2H3O2Na + H2O
1 0.5 0 0
0.5 0 0.5 0.5
This solution contains weak acid + its salt with strong base.
and thus acts as buffer.

53. SOL(2)

54.
[HA] [0.20] [500]
Sol. pH = pKa + log = 3.346 + log = 3.95
[NaA] 500 [0.05]

55. SOL(3)

56. SOL(1)

57.
Sol. (3) A strong acid is not used to make a buffer.

58.
Sol. (3)
59.
Sol. Buffer action of above solution will vary when moles of HCl added to the solution one equal to
moles of CH3COONa.
CH3COONa + HCl ⎯⎯
→ CH3COOH + NaCl
t=0 a a 0 0
after reaciton 0 0 a a

60.
Sol. Fact.

61. SOL(1)

62.
Sol. pH = pKa = 4.75

63.
Sol. CH3COOH + NaOH ⎯→ CH3COONa + H2O
10 milimol 5 mili mol
5 0 5 –
5
PH = 4.74 +log = 4.74
5
64.
Sol. Strong acid can be used titrate both strong and weak base.

65.
Sol. NaH2PO4 + H3PO4; NaH2PO4 + Na2HPO4 ; Na2HPO4 + Na3PO4 .

66. SOL(1)

67. SOL(4)

68.
Sol. Ag2CrO4 [2Ag+] + CrO4– –

Hence Ksp = [Ag+]2 CrO4– –

69.
Pb 2 + + 2 Cl −
PbCl 2 S S
Sol.
2
K sp of PbCl 2 = [Pb 2 + ] [Cl − ] 2 ; K sp = S (2 S )
K sp K sp
K sp = S 4S 2 ; S3 = ; S =3
4 4
70.
––
Sol. AgCrO4 → 2 Ag+ + Cr O4
2S S

Ksp = (2S)2S = 4S3

1 1
K sp 3 32 10 −12 3
S = = = 2 10 −4 M.
4 4
71.
Sol. Let S is the solubility of BaF2 in a solution of Ba(NO3)2.
Then KSP = [Ba2+] [F–]2.
Then [F–] = 2S;
1 –
Then [F ] = S
2

72.
Sol. AgCl Ag+ + Cl–
S S
Ksp = S2 = S = K sp S= 10−10 = 10–5.
73. SOL(1)

74. SOL(1)

75.
Sol. Ki = Ksp

76.
Sol. Ionic product of AgBr
(1) Ki(AgBr) = 0.1 × 5 × 10–12 = 5 × 10–13
(2) Ki(AgBr) = 5 × 10–12 × 0.1 = 5 × 10–13
(3) Ki(AgBr) = 2 × 10–6 × 4 × 10–8 = 8 × 10–14
(4) Ki(AgBr) = 2 × 10–6 × 4 × 10–6 = 8 × 10–12
77.
Sol. Order will be 4 > 2 > 1 = 3.
OH– combine with H+ from acid to increase solubility of Fe(OH) 3.

78.
Sol. Ag2CO3
Ksp = (2s1)2(s1) = 4s13 = 4 × 10–12 s1 = 10–4
FeCO3
Ksp = (s2) (s2) = s22 = 2.5 × 10–11 = 5 × 10–6
s1 10 −4 100
= −6
= = 20 : 1.
s2 5 10 5

79. SOL(3)

80.
Sol. Ksp = 1.8 × 10–10
Precipitation of AgCI will occur only where
KIP (AgCI) > Ksp
10−4 10−4
KIP = × = 2.5 × 10–9 KIP > KSP PPt is formed.
2 2