COMMUNICATION IN ORGANISATIONS

1. Need for Organizational communication.

2. Importance of communication in organizations.

3. Communication as a tool of enragement.

4. Effective communication principles.

5. Management functions - an organizational process.

6. Communication with employees

7. Management by communication.

8. Management roles.

9. Management and communication.

10. Purposes of organizational communication.

11. Causes for poor organizational communication.

12. Types of organizational communication relationships.

13. Cross culture communication.

14. Organizational image.

15. Techniques of impression management.

16. Motivation and communication.

17. Communication for interpersonal influence.

18. How communication influences activities.

19. Leadership styles and communication.

20. Essentials of effective leadership communication.

21. Managing and resolving interpersonal conflict.

(a) Levels of conflicts.

(b) Types of individual conflicts.

(c) Sow ices of interpersonal conflicts.

(d) Measures to avoid interpersonal conflicts (strange)

(e) Dynamics of interaction (JO Harry Window)

22. Crisis management and communication.

COMMUNICATION IN ORGANISATIONS NEED, FUNCTION AND

SCOPE

Need for Organisational Communication

An employees feeling that he can be recognized by others in best belt up by a

system of communication, participation and teamwork.

Communication is a two-way exchange of ideas between the labors and the

management.

Importance of Organizational communicational.

There can be no organization without communication. The importance of

communication in any organization is emphasized with reference to the amount of
time spent by members of the organization at various levels.
Oral communication accounts for at least 80% of executives tune of the working
day. About 75% of the day is spent in communications with ¾ th of that time
devoted to face to face engagements.

Communication as a tool of management Communication a transferor of messages.

As a tool of management, a system of communication should provide an
opportunity for communication within the organization between various levels.

Management needs to communicate with management and operating personnel in

carrying out managerial functions. An effective tool of communication provides
data for effective decision-making.

Principles of effective communication

1. Clear line of authority from top to bottom.

2. Everyone to know to whom he reports and who efforts to him. Not more
than one line authority in the organization.

3. Responsibility and authority to be clearly defined in writing.

4. Responsibility to be comp led with authority.

5. Responsibility of higher authority for acts of subordinates is absolute.

6. Authority to be delegated as for down the line as possible.

7. No of levels ;of authority to be kept minimum.

8. The work of every person in the organization to be confined as for as

possible to
the performance of a single leading function.

9. Wherever possible line function to be separated from staff function.

10. Adequate emphasis on important staff objections.

 11. Organisation to be flexible so as to be ab le to adjust to changing
conditions.

12. Organisation to be kept as sample as possible.

Communications in managerial functions

1. Planning - deciding in advance what is to be achieved.

Planning involves interviews, discussions and exchange of ideas to finalise a
plan. A good system of information exchange is essential for mutate a good plan.

2. Organising - arrangement of systems such as men material and

machine in an orderly fashion. Consists of formal, informal, upward downward,
internal and external communication channels.

3. Controlling- an examination of actual performance and comparison

to standards, No management task is more significant than communicating
success and failure measuring actual performance against set standards,
analyzing deviation and remedial actions all involve oral and written
communication. Feedback ensures effective control.

4. Directions- Direction involves and imparts instruction various

orders to support staff, communicates rules, objectives procedures and guidelines
by motivation and supervision. Direction function has a leadership role to which
communication applies by which a manager guides helps and influences the
work of his subordinates.

5. Co ordinations. In a business enterprise, there are a large number

of people working in different departments and sections with different types of
authorities and levels. In this, everyone has to contribute towards the
accomplishment of the common broad objectives of the business. It is
communication that helps to achieve coordination between various departments
and levels in an organization.

Area of communication in an Organization

 1. Recruitment - To persuade potential employees to work for the
organization and to inform prospective recruits about the enterprise.

2. Orientation - To impart a sense of familiarity and security in the

job, in making the new corners acquainted with keens , supervisors and
subordinates to make them understand procedures, policies and practices.

3. Operation - Employees do not work in vacuum , they need to

interact to acquire information. Employees have to respond well to direction
and supervision.

4. Individual appraisal - To know how employees perform

against set standards to apprise them of them shortcomings and to encourage
than talents.

5. Personal Safety - While working on a job adequate and timely

information on safety of employees on the job is a major responsibility of the
organizations. Such communications reduce the human cost of accidents, the
problem of compensation, insurance premium and other related problems.

6. Discipline- the function of communication in discipline is to

make employees know the rules and regulations of the organizations. The
management, with the help of effective internal communication and
appropriate channels and media makes employees acquainted with rules
regulations and unwritten codes of the enterprise.

Managerial roles

1. Interpersonal roles.

2. Informational roles.

3. Decisional roles
Interpersonal role - 45% with pers, people outside the company and with
superiors 10% Managers – figure head role – leader motivating and activating
subordinates, liaison role with contact ;or communication.

Information role - Obtaining information’s from subordinates, Pers, and other

concerned persons, collection of information from organizations and institution
outside.

Mintzberg - Monitor, disseminator spokesperson (Manager’s informational

roles).

Purposes of organizational communication

( Lee O Thanjer)

1. Becoming informed or informing others.

2. Evaluating ones own input or another’s output.

3. Directing others or being directed or instructed.

4. Influencing others or being influenced.

5. Incidental (neutral) functions like providing social contact within the

organization.

Causes of poor org.

1. Communication objectives not clearly defined.

2. Inadequate communication channels.

3. Neglecting informal communication.

4. Absence of unity of Command.

5. Activating.

6. Weak Control Mechanism.

7. Friction and conflict.

Types of Org Communication relations

1. Objectives not clearly defined.

2. Inadequate communication channels.

3. Neglecting informal communication.

4. Absence of unity of Command.

5. Activating.

6. Weak control Mechanism.

7. Friction and conflict

Types of Org Communication Relations.

1. Direct relationship.

2. Lateral relationships.

3. Functional relationships.

4. Personal staff relationship.

Culture and communications

1. Significance of culture.

2. Shared meaning held by members that helps identity/differentiate an

organization.

3. One of the characteristics of org culture is communication pattern- degree

to which org communication is restricted to formal authority or hierarchy
dominant culture refers to core value shared by members. Without
communication cross cultures create misunderstandings among employees
due to in perception, mis interpretation and misunderstanding/improving
cross culture: -

(a) Maintain similarity.

 (b) Emphasis description.

(c) Empathy.

(d) Treat interpretation as a hypothesis.

Communication for interpersonal influence methods to influence and behavior

1. Emulation.

2. Suggestion

3. Persuasion .

4. Coercion.

Managerial communication styles for influencing behaviors.

1. Directive style.

2. Supportive style.

3. Participative style

4. Achievement orated style

Communication factors that help influence positive relations between manager

and subordinates

1. Trusting.

2. Reducing defensiveness.

3. Listening.

4. Communication style.

5. Span of management.

6. Ability.
 7. Transactional.

Impression Management

Every organization is involved in the building of an image. Impression

management is a continuous management function like planning and organization.
Impression creates an idea or effect produced in someone’s mind by a person or
organization behavior. The practical way to project a clear and persuasive corporate
image is by forcing it on the corporation itself. Techniques of impression
management these basically center on verbal self-presentation behaviors that
individuals use to manipulate information about themselves. In addition there are
non verbal behavioral skills such as facial expressions gestures, body position tone
of voice ; examples of techniques are: -

1. Self-description.

2. Conformity - acceptable behavior agreeing with some one else’s

opinion in order gain approval.

2. Accountability – Justification of predicaments in order the minimize

the apparent Severity.

3. Apology- Admitting and accepting responsibility.

4. Acclaiming – Explanation of favorable events to maximize desirable

impactions.

5. Flattery.

6. Favours – A kind act adapted to get a favorable impression.