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7 Porcelin Construction Shams

This document discusses the types, composition, properties and construction of dental porcelain and acrylic jacket crowns. It describes the main ingredients that make up dental porcelain including kaolin, quartz, feldspar and pigments. The properties of dental porcelain that make it suitable for dental restorations are also outlined. The stages of construction for a porcelain jacket crown using a platinum foil matrix are detailed, including mixing, application, condensation, firing and finishing. The advantages and disadvantages of acrylic resin temporary crowns are also noted.

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Kamal Ahmed
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38 views73 pages

7 Porcelin Construction Shams

This document discusses the types, composition, properties and construction of dental porcelain and acrylic jacket crowns. It describes the main ingredients that make up dental porcelain including kaolin, quartz, feldspar and pigments. The properties of dental porcelain that make it suitable for dental restorations are also outlined. The stages of construction for a porcelain jacket crown using a platinum foil matrix are detailed, including mixing, application, condensation, firing and finishing. The advantages and disadvantages of acrylic resin temporary crowns are also noted.

Uploaded by

Kamal Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JACKET CROWN CONSTRUCTION

BY
Shams Waaz Amgad Aly
 Types of Dental Porcelain.
 Composition of Dental Porcelain

 Properties of Dental Porcelain

 Construction of Porcelain Jacket


Crown.

 Construction of Acrylic Jacket


Crown.
The word ceramic is derived from the Greek word
‫ ﻣﻮاد‬/‫ أﺷﻴﺎء‬/‫ﻓﺨﺎر‬
Keramos which means "burnt stuff" meaning a
material produced by burning or firing.
‫ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻂ‬/‫ﻳﻤﺘﺰج‬
•It consists mainly of kaolin which blends with other
minerals such as silica, and feldspar to produce the
translucency and extra strength required for dental
restoration
•A material containing these additional important
ingredients was given the name porcelain.
 High Fusion (1300 º C )

 Medium Fusion (1101 º C-1300 º C )

 Low Fusion (850 º C- 1100 º C )

 Ultra –Low Fusion (< 850 º C )


 High Fusion (Denture Teeth )

 Medium Fusion (Porcelain Jacket Crown)


veneered & full veneered due to
metal
 Low Fusion (Veneering of CMR)

 Ultra –Low Fusion (Veneering of


due to titanium low fusion
Titanium alloys) ‫اﻧﺎﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺳﺖ ال ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮا ﻣﯿﺘﺎل وﺑﺼﺐ ﺟﻮاه‬
‫اﻟﺒﻮرﺳﺎﻟﯿﻦ ﻓﻮ اﻟﺒﻮرﺳﺎﻟﯿﻦ ﻋﺎﻳﺰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮاره ﻋﺎﻟﯿﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﺪن ھﯿﺴﯿﺢ‬
Basic Requirements Of Dental
Porcelain

High esthetics and translucency high flow cannot be controlled

1. Low fusion temperature & High viscosity.


2. Resistance to pyroplastic flow,( slumping )
sharp mesial

i.e. it is required to retain its form during firing.


without expansion

3. Resistance to devitrification.
Devitrification

When porcelain is fired too many times, it 

may devitrify (is the change of porcelain

from a vitreous to a crystalline form) thus


‫ھﯿﻨﺸﻒ‬
become milky and difficult to glaze.
Dental Porcelain Composition

Koalin

Quartz feldspar

Quartz

Feldspar koalin

pigments
 Main ingredient are mixtures of potassium alumino
silicate .(K2O.Al2O3.6SiO2)

Role:
- On heating it undergoes fusion forming
translucent glassy matrix that gives the porcelain its
translucency.
•Acts as matrix (holds other ingredients(a
skeleton)
- It prevent pyroplastic flow .
2. Quartz: SiO2: (11-18%)
Silica

• Strengthener as it is the crystalline phase.


• It remains unchanged during firing
temperatures and serves to stabilize the mass
shape
at high temperatures.
3. Kaolin( 4%)

Hydrated aluminum silicate. Clay (1-10%)


 When mixed with water, it becomes sticky and aid
in forming a workable mass of porcelain during
molding.
 Increase opacity.
Acts as a binder
“to increase the moldability of unfired porcelain”.
4. Special types of porcelains:
(coloring pigments) strength and aesthetics

a. Opaque porcelains:
Contains large amounts of metal oxides such as
zirconium and tin, added to mask the underlying
metal.
b. Color frits:
These are produced by fusing metallic oxides, ex iron
oxide crown, cobalt (Blue) to obtain various shades
needed to simulate natural teeth.
c. Stains:
Lower fusing glasses used as surface colorants.
d. Glaze:
1. Add on glaze. Low fusing ceramic powders painted on die
surface of the restoration fired at temperatures less than
the maturing temperatures of the restoration to produce a
glossy transparent layer on the surface.

2. Auto glaze, Self-glazing (auto): Following final contouring


additional firing in air is done without adding any glaze
material and maintained for a time before cooling.
The characteristic properties of porcelain are;
Superior esthetic and translucency.

Insolubility in oral environment.

Extremely biocompatible. no irritation no allergy

Resistance to thermal and chemical attack.

Its thermal conductivity & the coefficient of


thermal expansion are similar to those of enamel
and dentine, so, a good marginal seal,
Metal-ceramic crown showing the dark shadow of metal
substrate when illuminated by a fiber-optic light.
Jacket crown showing high light transmission
when illuminated with a fiber–optic light.
,

BUT ,,,,
 It is a brittle material .
Glasses are extremely
sensitive to the presence of
surface micro cracks .
 The traditional P.J.C.is constructed using a platinum
foil, which is adapted on a die onto which porcelain is
built up in layers to the desired shape and contour

Platinum foil Properties:


1. Pt foil is 0,025mm,or 0.001" thick.

2. It is inert during firing .

3. Its melting point is higher than the firing


temperature of porcelain.

4. It can be easily adapted to the die.


Mixing

Application & Condensation

Firing

Shaping ,Cleansing & Glazing


1-Mixing

Dental ceramics are often supplied in the form of


different shaded powders and a liquid binder.

The binder may be distilled water , water-based


glycerin containing liquid or Propylene glycol.

The powder of selected shade is mixed with the


liquid to form a creamy mix.
Porcelain is picked up as a bead from the
edge of the mix
Platinum foil Function:
1. It acts as a tray & provides support
for porcelain during its firing.

2. It facilitates even radiation of heat


during firing .

3. It compensates of shrinkage during


firing.

4. It provides space for cement.


Platinum foil cut out from paper pattern
Platinum foil applied to side of the die and held
firmly in position by the index finger and thumb
Foil adapted tightly around the die
Foil trimmed at the incisal and proximal
edges
Cutting the axio-incisal corners to allow
maximum width of incisal joint; mesial and
distal cut.
Making the cervical
V-cut to avoid
excessive thickness of
platinum at shoulder
joint.
The incisal and cervical V-cuts for forming the
tinner's joint.
Trimming
platinum foil skirt
to leave an
extension of 1½
mm.
2-Application

Porcelain build up;


The creamy mix is built up on the die by a brush
or spatula.

Building is done in successive layers until


optimum shape and contour is reached
Transferring
bead of core
porcelain to
platinum matrix.
3-Condensation
Dense packing and water removal of the working
mass after it was molded to the desired shape.

Purpose of condensation:
a) Excess water is removed to decrease firing
shrinkage.
b) The paste is adapted to the required form.
c) Closely packed particles increase strength
of porcelain
d) Porosity is decreased.
Methods of Condensation

Vibration

Spatulation

Gravitation

Brush or capillary attraction


Application of gingival dentine porcelain.
Vibrating core porcelain with serrated end of
Le Cron carver
Completed dentine porcelain build-up.
Preheating procedure
The condensed porcelain mass is placed
‫ﻓﺮن ﺧﻔﺖ‬
in front of or below the muffle of a
preheated furnace at approximately 650°
C for low-fusing porcelain. WHY?????

To dissipate the remaining water


vapor
What happens if ???????
Placement of the condensed mass
directly into even a moderately
warm

It results in a rapid production of


steam, thereby introducing voids or
fracturing large sections of the mass.
‫ﺗﻠﺒﯿﺪ‬
SINTER???????????
It is done in a furnace to fuse the
powder particles together, a process
called sintering.

•Sintering is the process responsible


for the flow and formation of glass
bridges between un-fused particles till
the formation of continuous mass.
Heat

Cohesive object
Particulate mass
(strength limited by defects)
‫اﻟﻔﺨﺎر‬
4-Firing stages
Low bisque stage: Porcelain begins to fuse,
continuity is only achieved at point of contact
between particles.
Medium bisque stage: More fusion takes place as
the molten glass flows between the particles.
(Large contraction occurs during this phase 20%).
High bisque stage: Maximum fusion with no
further shrinkage.
Porcelain
furnace
Foil is finally twisted and removed in one piece.
The process involves the flow of glass at the
surface of the ceramic.

It may be;
a) The flow of the ceramic on the final bake
(self-glaze or autoglaze technique)
b) The addition of a low fusing glass to the
surface (add on or overglaze).
 Acrylic resin is used for temporary jacket crown
construction

Advantages:
1) Easy construction.
2) Inexpensive,
3) used for young age patients

Disadvantages:
1) Low wear resistance.
2) Low abrasion resistance.
3) Discoloration
 It is the process of converting the wax pattern
to acrylic resin crown ready for cementation.

 It is constructed from ivory wax, to avoid


contamination of the acrylic crown by the
dark color of blue wax.
 It consists of :

Flasking.

Wax elimination.

Packing ( Wet & Dry )

Curing
Wet Pack Technique

 3 shades of acrylic resin (gingival, body and

incisal) are mixed in 3 dappen dishes.

 When the resin reaches the dough stage gingival

colour resin is packed and the flask is closed after

putting a wet cellophane paper over it and pressed.


The flask is then opened and excess is removed
with an incline to allow gradual colour change.
 The above step is repeated for body and incisal
colour.
 Finally the cellophane paper is removed and the
flask is closed for processing.
Dry Pack Technique

 Gingival resin powder is applied cervically, then


saturated with monomer and the flask is bench
tapped (vibrated).
Wet cellophane paper is applied, then excess is
removed.
Body and incisal resin are applied and adapted
then the flask is finally closed for processing.
Which is more accurate
Dry or Wet PACKING
?????
Acrylic resin Processing
Flask is closed and pressed then placed in a
hot water bath.
Temperature is gradually brought to boiling in
30 minutes.
Flask is left for 30 minutes then bench cooled
to room temperature.
Deflasking, finishing and polishing.
Labial view of the restoration
The finished restoration
Thank you

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