1. A bag contains 10 discs;7 are black and 3 white. A disc is selected, and then replaced.

A second
disc is selected. Copy and complete the tree diagram showing all the probabilities and outcomes
Find the probability of the following:
(a) both discs are black,
(b) (b) both discs are white.

2. A bag contains 5 red balls and 3 green balls. A ball is drawn and then replaced before a ball is
draw a tree diagram to show all the possible outcomes. Find the probability that:
(a) two green balls are drawn, (b) the first ball is red and the second is green.
3. A bag contains 7 green discs and 3 blue discs. A disc is drawn and not replaced.
A second disc is drawn. Copy and complete the tree diagram. Find the probability that:
(a) Both discs are green,
(b) (b) both discs are blue,

4. A bag contains 5 red balls, 3 blue balls and 2 yellow balls. A ball is drawn and not replaced. A
second ball is drawn. Find the probability of drawing: (a) two red balls, (b) one blue ball and one
yellow ball, (c) two yellow balls, (d) two balls of the same color.
5. A bag contains 4 red balls, 2 green balls and 3 blue balls. A ball is drawn and not replaced. A
second ball is drawn. Find the probability of drawing: (a) two blue balls, (b) two red balls,
(c ) one red ball and one blue ball, (d) one green ball and one red ball.
6. A six- sided die is thrown three times. Draw a tree diagram, showing at each branch the two
events: ‘six’ and ‘not six’. What is the probability of throwing a total of: (a) three sixes?
(c) no sixes, (c) one six, (d) at last one six (use part (b)).
7. A bag contains 6 red marbles and 4 blue marbles. A marble is drawn at random and not
replaced. Two further draws are made, again without replacement. Find the probability of
drawing: (a) three red marbles, (b) three blue marbles, (c) no red marbles (d) at last one red
marble.
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8. When a cutting is taken from a geranium the probability that it grows is . Three cutting are
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taken. What is the probability that: (a) all three grow, (b) none of them grow?
9. A die has its six faces marked 0,1,1,1,6,6. Two of these dice are thrown together and the total
score is recorded. Draw a tree diagram. (a) How many different totals are possible?
(b ) What is the probability of obtaining a total of 7 ?
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10. A coin is biased so that probability of a ‘head’ is 4. Find the probability that, when tossed three
times, it shows: (a) three tails, (b) two heads and one tail, (c) one head and two tails, (d) no tails.

Write down the sum of the probabilities in (a), (b), (c) and (d).
11. A teacher decides to award exam grade A, B or C by a new method. Out of 20 children, three are
to receive A’s, five B’s and the rest C’s. She writes the letters A, B and C on 20 pieces of paper
and invites the pupils to draw their exam result, going through the class in alphabetical order.
Find the probability that: (a) the first three pupils all get grade ‘A’. (b) the first three pupils all
get grade ‘B’ , (c) the first three pupils all get different grades, (d) the first four pupils all get
grade B. (do not cancel down the fraction. )
 12. The probability that an amateur golfer actually hits the ball is (regrettable for all concerned) only
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10
. If four separate attempts are made, find the probability that the ball will be hit:
(a) Four times, (b) at last twice, (c) no at all.
13. A box contains x milk chocolate and y plain chocolates. Two chocolates are selected at random.
Find, in terms of x and y, the probability of choosing: (a) a milk chocolate on the first choice,
(b) Two milk chocolates, (c) one of each sort, (d) two plain chocolates.
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14. If a hedgehog crosses a certain road before 7.00a.m., the probability of being run over is 10
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After 7.00a.m., the corresponding probability is . The probability of the hedgehog waking up
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early enough to cross before 7.00a.m., is . What is the probability of the following events:
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(a) the hedgehog waking up too late to reach the road before 7.00a.m.,
(b) the hedgehog waking up early and crossing the road in safety,
(c) the hedgehog waking up late and crossing the road in safety,
(d) the hedgehog waking up early and being run over,
(e) the hedgehog crossing the road in safety.
15. Bag A contains 3 red ball and 3 blue balls. Bag B contains 1 red ball and 3 blue balls. A ball is
taken at random from bag A and placed in bag B.A ball is then chosen from bag B. what is the
probability that the ball taken from B is red?

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16. On a Monday or a Thursday, Mr. Gibson paints a ‘masterpiece’ with a probability of . On any
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other day, the probability of producing, a ‘masterpiece’ is 100. In common with other great
painters, Mr. Gibson never knows what day it is. Find the probability that on one day chosen at
random, he will in fact paint a masterpiece.
17. Two dice each four faces marked 1,2,3 and 4, are thrown together.
(a) What is the most likely total score on the faces pointing downwards?
(b) What is the probability of obtaining this score on three successive throws of the two dice?
18. In the Venn diagram, 𝜀 = {swimmers}, F= {pupils who believe in Father Christmas}. A pupil is
chosen at random. Find the probability that the pupil:
(a) Can swim, (b) is a girl swimmer, (c) is a boy swimmer who believes in Father Christmas.
Two pupils chosen at random. Find the probability that:
(d) both are boys,
(e) neither can swim,
(f) both are girl swimmers who believe in Father Christmas
19. A bag contains 3 red, 4 white and 5 green balls. Three balls are selected without replacement.
Find the probability that the three balls chosen are: (a) all red, (b) all green, (c) one of each
color. If the selection of three balls was carried out 1100 times, how often would you expect to
choose: (d) three red balls? (e) one of each color?
20. Three are 1000 components in a box of which 10 are know to be defective. Two components are
selected at random. What is the probability that: (a) both are defective, (b) neither are defective?
(c) just one is defective (do not simplify your answers)
21.Three are 10 boys and 15 girls in a class. Two children are chosen at random. What is the probability
that: (a) both are boys, (b) both are girls, (c) one is a boy and one is a girl?
22. Three are 500 ball bearings in a box of which 100 are known to be undersize. Three ball bearings are
selected at random. What is the probability that: (a) all three are undersize, (b) none are undersize?
Give your answers as decimals correct to three significant figures.
23. Three are 9 boys and 15 girls in a class. Three children are chosen at random. What is the probability that: (a)
all three are boys, (b) all three are girls, (c) one is a boy and two are girls? give yours answer as fraction.

24. A bag contains 20 discs of equal size of which 12 are red, x are blue and the rest are white.
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(a) If the probability of selecting a blue disc is 4 , find x. (b) A disc is drawn and then replaced. A second
disc is drawn. Find the probability that neither disc is red.
25. Three disc are thrown. What is the probability that none of them shows a 1 or a 6?
26. A coin is tossed four times. What is the probability of obtaining at last three ‘heads’?
27. A bag contains 8 balls of which 2 are red and 6 are white. A ball is selected and not replaced. A
second ball is selected. Find the probability of obtaining:
(a) two red balls, (b) two white balls, (c) one ball of each Color.
28. A bag contains x green disc and 5 blue disc. A disc is selected. A second disc is drawn. Find, in terms
of x, the probability of selecting:
(a) a green disc on the first draw, (b) a green disc on the first and second draws, if the first disc is
replaced, (c) a green disc on the first and second draws, if the first disc is not replaced.
29. In a group of 20 peplos, 5 cannot swim. If two people are selected at random, what is the probability
that neither of them can swim?
30. (a) What is the probability of winning the loss in five consecutive hockey matches?
(b) What is the probability of winning the toss in all the matches in the FA cup from the first round to the
final (i.e8 matches)?
31. Mr. and Mrs. Stringer have three children. What is the probability that:
(a) all the children are boys, (b) three are more girls than boys? (Assume that a boy is as likely as a girl)
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32. the probability that it will be wet today is 6
. If it is dry today, the probability that it will be wet
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tomorrow is 8
. What is the probability that both today and tomorrow will be dry?

33. Two dice are thrown. What is the probability that the product of the numbers on top is:
(a) 12, (b) 4, (c) 11?
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34. The probability of snow on January 1 St is . What is the probability that will fall on the next three
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January 1 St?
35. Give each of your answers to this question as a fraction. Peter has 10 geranium plants. He knows
that five will flower red, three pink and two white. (a) what is the probability that the first plant to
Flower is pink? (b) Copy the tree diagram. Write the correct probability on each branch.
(c) What is the probability that, of the first
Two plants to flower: (i) both are red,
(ii) one is red and the other is pink,
(iii) al least one is pink?
(d) What is the probability that the first
Three plants to flower are all white?
36. Give your answer to this question as fractions in their lowest terms. There are 21 students in a class.
12 are boys 9 are girls. The teacher chooses two students at random. (a) If the first student chosen is a
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boy, explain why the probability that the second student chosen is also a boy is .
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(b) Copy the tree diagram below. Write the correct probability on each branch.
(c) What is the probability That: (i) both students are boys,(ii) both students are girls, (iii) one is a boy
and one is a girl ? (d) The teacher chooses a third student at random. What is the probability that;
(I) all three students are boys,
(ii) al last one of the three students is a girl?

37. Mamoud tries to repair a broken toy. Each time he tries the probability that he succeeds is 0.8. Each
time he fails he tries again. (a) Copy and complete the tree diagram below.
(b) Find the probability that, to succeed, it takes: (i) exactly two tries (ii) one, two or three tries,
(iii) exactly five tries. (c) Write down a formula for the probability that he has not succeed after n tries.
1st try 2nd try 3rd try
 49 9 9 15 7 1 2 2 1 14
Answers: 1. (a) 100 (b) 100 2. (a) 64 (b) 64 3. (a) 15 (b) 15 4. (a) 9 (b) 15 (c) 45 (d) 45
1 1 1 2 1 125 25 91 1 1 1 29 27 1
5. (a) 12 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 9 6. (a) 216 (b) 216 (c) 72 (d) 216 7. (a) 6 (b) 30 (c) 30 (d) 30 8. (a) 64 (b) 64
1 1 27 9 27 3 2 1 1 1 4 1 1
9. (a) 6 (b) 10. (a) (b) (c) 64 (d) 64 ; sum = 1 11. (a) 20 x 19 x 18 (= 1140) (b) 4 x 19 x 16 (= 114 )
3 64 64

3 5 12 5 4 3 2 1 523 94
(c) ( 20 x 19 x 18 ) x 6 (d) 20 x 19 x 18 x 17 12. (a) 10000 (b) 10000 104
𝑥 𝑥(𝑥−1) 2𝑥𝑦 𝑥(𝑦−1) 1 18 1 2 77
13. (a) 𝑥+𝑦 (b) (𝑥+𝑦)(𝑥+𝑦−1) (c) (𝑥+𝑦)(𝑥+𝑦−1) (d) (𝑥+𝑦)(𝑥+𝑦−1) 14. (a) 5 (b) 25 (c) 20 (d) 25 (e) 100
3 9 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 3
15.= 10 16 = 140 17.(a)5(b) 6418.(a) 5 (b) 25 (c) 15(d) 21(e) 7 (f) 35 19.(a) 220 (b) 22 (c) 11 (d)5 (e) 300
10 × 9 990 × 989 2 ×10×990 3 7 1
20. (a) 1000 ×999 (b) 1000 ×999 (c) 1000 ×999 21. (a) 20 (b) 20 (c) 2 22. (a) 0.00781 (b) 0.511
21 455 945 4 8 5 1 15 3
23. (a) 506 (b) 2024 (c) 2024 24. (a) 5 (b) 25 25. 27 26. 16 27. (a) 28 (b) 28 (c) 7
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥(−1) 1 1 1 1 1 35
28. (a) 𝑥+5 (b) (𝑥+5)2; 𝑥+5 , (𝑥+5)(𝑥+4) 29. 19 30. (a) 32 (b) 256 31. (a) 8 (b) 2 32. 48
1 1 1 3 2 1 8 11 6 18 22
33. (a) 9 (b) 12 (c) 0 34. 203 35. (a) 10 (c) (i) 9 (ii) 3 (iii) 15 (d) 0 36. (c) (i) 35 (ii) 35 (iii) 35 (d) (i) 133
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(ii) 133 37. (b) (i) 0.16 (ii) 0.992 (iii) 0.00128 (c) (0.2) n