Light Printed Notes

LIGHT
1.The laws of reflection hold true for

(a) plane mirrors only
(b) concave mirrors only
(c) convex mirrors only
(d) all reflecting surface
Answer:
(d) The laws of reflection holds true for all reflecting surface.
2. List four characteristics of the images formed by plane mirrors.

Answer:
Characteristics of the image formed by a plane mirror are
(i) image distance is same as that of object distance
(ii) image formed is virtual and erect
(iii) image formed is of the same size as that of the object
(iv) image formed is laterally inverted (left appears right and right appears left).
3. State the two laws of reflection of light.

Answer:
Laws of reflection of light states that
(i) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
(ii) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the mirror at the point of incidence all lie in the
same plane.
4. When an object is kept within the focus of a concave mirror, an enlarged image is formed behind
the mirror. This image is
(a) real
(b) inverted
(c) virtual and inverted
(d) virtual and erect (2020)
Answer:
(d) When an object is placed between the principal focus and pole of a concave mirror, an enlarged virtual
and erect image is formed behind the mirror.
5. What is the magnification of the images formed by plane mirrors and why?
Answer:
Magnification of images formed by plane mirrors is unity because for plane mirrors, the size of the image
formed is equal to that of the object.
6. Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the path of the reflected ray corresponding to an incident
ray of light parallel to the principal axis of a convex mirror. Mark the angle of incidence and angle of
reflection on it.
Answer:
7. If the image formed by a spherical mirror for all positions of the object placed in front of it is
always erect and diminished, what type of mirror is it? Draw a labelled ray diagram to support your
answer.
Answer:
If the image formed by a spherical mirror is always erect and diminished then it is convex mirror.
8. An object is placed at a distance of 30 cm in front of a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Write
four characteristics of the image formed by the mirror.
Answer:
Four characteristics of the image formed by the given convex mirror are:
(i) Virtual
(ii) Erect
(iii) Diminished
(iv) Image is always formed behind the mirror between pole and focus.
9. An object is placed at a distance of 12 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 30

cm. List four characteristics of the image formed by the mirror.
Answer:
Radius of curvature (R) = 30 cm, object distance is 12 cm in front of the mirror. Thus we can say that object
is placed between focus and pole. Four characteristics of the image formed by die given concave mirror
when object is placed between pole and focus are:
(i) Virtual
(ii) Erect
(iii) Enlarged
(iv) Image is formed behind the mirror
10 .A ray of light is incident on a convex mirror as shown. Redraw the diagram and complete the
path of this ray after reflection from the mirror. Mark angle of incidence and angle of reflection on it.
11. Name the type of mirrors used in the design of solar furnaces. Explain how high temperature is
achieved by this device.
Answer:
Concave mirrors are used in the designing of solar furnaces.
When a solar furnace is placed at the focus of a large concave mirror, it focuses a parallel beam of light on
the furnace. Therefore, a high temperature is attained at the point after some time.
12. “The magnification produced by a spherical mirror is -3”. List four information you obtain from
this statement about the mirror/ image.
Answer:
Negative sign of magnification indicates that the image is real and inverted. Since the image is real and
inverted, the mirror is concave and magnification of -3 indicates that the image is magnified.
13. Define the principal focus of a concave mirror.

Answer-
Light rays that are parallel to the principal axis of a concave mirror converge at a specific point on its
principal axis after reflecting from the mirror. This point is called the principal focus of the concave mirror.
14. The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is 20 cm. What is its focal length?
Answer-
Radius of curvature (R) = 20 cm
Radius of curvature of the spherical mirror = 2 × Focal length (f)
R = 2f
f= R/2 = 20 / 2 = 10
Therefore, the focal length of the spherical mirror is 10 cm.
15. Name the mirror that can give an erect and enlarged image of an object.
Answer-
The mirror that can give an erect and enlarged image of an object is a Concave Mirror.
16. Why do we prefer a convex mirror as a rear-view mirror in vehicles?
Answer-
A convex mirror is preferred as a rear-view mirror in cars and vehicles as it gives a wider field of view,
which helps the driver, see most of the traffic behind him. Convex mirrors always form an erect, virtual, and
diminished image of the objects placed in front of it.
Page No: 171
17. Find the focal length of a convex mirror whose radius of curvature is 32 cm.
Answer-
Radius of curvature (R) = 32 cm
Radius of curvature = 2 × Focal length (f)
R= 2f
f = R/2 = 32/2 = 16
Therefore, the focal length of the given convex mirror is 16 cm.
18. A concave mirror produces three times magnified (enlarged) real image of an object placed at 10
cm in front of it. Where is the image located?
Answer-
Magnification produced by a spherical mirror:
Object distance (u) = – 10 cm

v = 3 × (- 10) = – 30 cm
Therefore, the negative sign indicates that an inverted image is formed in front of the given concave mirror
at a distance of 30 cm.
Page No: 176
19. A ray of light travelling in air enters obliquely into water. Does the light ray bend towards the
normal or away from the normal? Why?
Answer-
The light ray bends towards the normal. When a light ray enters from an optically rarer medium (which has
a low refractive index) to an optically denser medium (which has a high refractive index), its speed slows
down and bends towards the normal. As water is optically denser than air, a ray of light entering from air
into water will bend towards the normal.
20. Difference between Concave and Convex Mirror
Sl. Differentiating Concave Mirror Convex Mirror

No. Property
1 Meaning and  Concave means rounded or  Convex means rounded

Other Names hollowed like the interior of a or curved like the
circle or sphere exterior of a circle or
sphere.
 Also called a converging mirror.
 Also called a fish eye or
diverging mirror.
2 Mirror Shape
3 Structure  The mirror coating of the concave  The mirror coating of

mirror is on the outside of the the convex mirror is on
spherical surface. the inside of the
spherical surface.
 In concave mirrors, the centre of
curvature and the reflecting  In convex mirrors, the
surface fall on the same side of centre of curvature and
the mirror. the reflecting surface
fall on the opposite side
of the mirror.
4 Position of the  Focus lies in front of the mirror,  The focus lies behind
Focus i.e. focal length is negative. the mirror, i.e. focal
length is positive.
5 Image  The image formed by a concave  The image formed by a
Properties mirror is real, inverted and convex mirror is virtual,
enlarged (except when the object erect and diminished.
is between P (Pole) and F
(Focus), where the image is
virtual, erect and enlarged).
6 Image  An image can be projected on a  Images cannot be

Projection screen as if they are real. projected on a screen
as they are virtual.
7 Usage  They are used in reflecting  Convex mirrors are

telescopes, shaving mirrors, used as side view or
torchlight’s, etc., as they give a rear-view mirrors in
magnified image of the objects. vehicles as they cover a
wider area of view.
21. Difference between real and virtual image

Solution:
The following are the differences between a real image and virtual image:
A real image can be caught on a screen whereas a virtual image cannot be caught on a screen.
A real image is always inverted whereas a virtual image is always erect.
A real image is formed when the rays of light after reflection or refraction actually meet at some point
whereas a virtual image is formed when the rays of light after reflection or refraction appear to meet at a
point.
A real image is formed by the actual intersection of light rays whereas a virtual image is formed by the
imaginary intersection of light rays.
A real image can be formed in in a screen but a virtual image can be only seen in the mirror.
A real image is formed by only concave mirror however a virtual image can be formed by concave, convex
and plane mirror also.
22. for a plane mirror, if an object moves with a velocity 'v' towards the mirror, then the image moves with
a velocity 2v. How?
Solution:
We know that, for a plane mirror, the distance of image formed in the mirror is same as the distance of the
object from the mirror.
Distance of object = u
Distance of image = -u (as the image is formed on the other side)
Thus, distance between the object and its image = 2u
Now if the object is approaching the mirror with a speed v, distance travelled by it in a unit time = v units
The new distance between mirror and object = u - v

Distance between the object and its image = 2(u-v)
We see that in a unit time, the distance between the image and the object is reduced by 2v units.
Thus, the speed of image w.r.t object = 2v.
23. What is the definition of light?
Solution:
1. Light is a type of electromagnetic radiation that allows the human eye to see or makes objects
visible.
2. It is also defined as visible radiation to the human eye. Photons, which are tiny packets of energy,
are found in light.
3. Light always moves in a straight line.
4. Light travels at a faster rate than sound. The speed of light is 3×108ms.
5. Light is a transverse wave that travels without the use of a medium.
6. Light does not require a physical medium to travel. That is, it can also move through a vacuum.

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LIGHT

1.The laws of reflection hold true for

2. List four characteristics of the images formed by plane mirrors.

3. State the two laws of reflection of light.

9. An object is placed at a distance of 12 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 30

13. Define the principal focus of a concave mirror.

Object distance (u) = – 10 cm

20. Difference between Concave and Convex Mirror

Sl. Differentiating Concave Mirror Convex Mirror

1 Meaning and  Concave means rounded or  Convex means rounded

3 Structure  The mirror coating of the concave  The mirror coating of

6 Image  An image can be projected on a  Images cannot be

7 Usage  They are used in reflecting  Convex mirrors are

21. Difference between real and virtual image

A real image is always inverted whereas a virtual image is always erect.

Distance of image = -u (as the image is formed on the other side)

Thus, distance between the object and its image = 2u

The new distance between mirror and object = u - v

3. Light always moves in a straight line.

5. Light is a transverse wave that travels without the use of a medium.

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