Soalan Set 3

9.0 Keseimbangan Redox

9.0 Redox Equilibrium

9.3 Sel Kimia

9.3 Voltaic Cell

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SOALAN OBJEKTIF
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Pernyataan manakah yang mendefinisikan pengoksidaan?

Which statement defines oxidation?

A Menerima elektron
Gain of electron

B Menerima hidrogen
Gain of hydrogen

C Loss of oxygen
Hilang oksigen
D Increases in oxidation number
Penambahan nombor pengoksidaan

2. Berapakah nombor pengoksidaan bagi unsur kromium dalam

kalium dikromat(VI), K2Cr2O7?
What is the oxidation number of the chromium element in potassium
dichromate(VI), K2Cr2O7?

A +2 C +5
B +3 D +6

3. Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kereaktifan suatu logam

dengan oksigen. Warna hasil yang terbentuk adalah kuning apabila panas dan putih
apabila sejuk.
Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up to study the reactivity of a metal with oxygen. The
colour of the product formed is yellow when hot and white when cold.

Diagram 1 Rajah 1
Apakah logam itu?
What is the metal?
A Ferum C Zink
Iron Zinc
B Plumbum D Kuprum
Lead Copper
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4. Apakah maksud penurunan?

What is the meaning of reduction?

A Menerima elektron C Hilang hidrogen

Gain of electron Loss of hydrogen

B menerima oksigen D Penambahan nombor

Gain of oxygen pengoksidaan
Increase in oxidation number
5. Bahan manakah adalah agen pengoksidaan?
Which substance is an oxidizing agent?

A Air bromin Bromine

water
B Serbuk magnesium
Magnesium powder
C Larutan ferum(II) klorida
Iron(II) chloride solution
D Larutan kalium iodida
Potassium iodide solution

6. Maklumat berikut menunjukkan susunan beberapa logam dalam siri kereaktifan.

The following information shows the arrangement of some metals in the
reactivity series.

potassium, sodium, R, magnesium, L, tin

kalium, natrium, R, magnesium, L, stanum

Reactivity decreases
Kereaktifan menurun
Apakah R dan L?

What are R and L?

R L
A Calcium Iron
Kalsium Besi
B Calcium Copper
Kalsium Kuprum
C Aluminium Copper
Aluminium Kuprum
D Aluminium Iron
Aluminium Besi

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7. Bahan manakah yang digunakan untuk menukarkan ion ferum(III) kepada ion
ferum(II)?
Which substance is used to change iron(III) ion to iron(II) ion?

A Bromine water
Air bromin
B Potassium iodide solution
Larutan kalium iodida
C Acidifired potassium dichromate(VI) solution
Larutan kalium dikromat(Vl) berasid
D Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution
Larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid

8 Rajah 3 menunjukkan formula kimia bagi satu sebatian.

Diagram 3 shows the chemical formula of a compound.

Cu2O

Diagram 3
Rajah 3

Apakah nama IUPAC dan nombor pengoksidaan bagi unsur kuprum dalam
sebatian itu?
What is the IUPAC name and oxidation number of copper element in the compound?

Name of compound Oxidation number of copper element

Nama sebatian Nombor pengoksidaan unsur kuprum
A Copper(I) oxide
+1
Kuprum(I) oksida
B Copper(I) oxide
+2
Kuprum(I) oksida
C Copper(II) oxide
+1
Kuprum(II) oksida
D Copper(II) oxide
+2
Kuprum(II) oksida

9. Antara sebatian berikut, yang manakah mengandungi unsur dengan nombor

pengoksidaan +6?
Which of the following compounds contains element with an oxidation number
of +6?

A SO2 C KMnO4
B NH3 D K2Cr2O7
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10. Rajah 5 menunjukkan satu sel kimia ringkas.

Diagram 5 shows a simple chemical cell.

Diagram 5
Rajah 5

Bahan manakah mengalami pengoksidaan dalam sel

kimia itu ?
Which substance undergoes oxidation in the chemical cell?

A Zinc
Zink
B Copper
Kuprum
C Copper(II) ions
Ion kuprum(II)
D Hydrogen ions
Ion hidrogen

11. Antara sebatian-sebatian berikut ,yang manakah mempunyai nombor

pengoksidaan yang tertinggi bagi nitrogen ?
In which of the following compounds is the oxidation number of nitrogen the
highest?

A KNO2 C N2O
B NH4Cl D HNO3

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12. Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji tindak balas redoks
dengan pemindahan elektron pada suatu jarak
Diagram 6 shows an apparatus set-up to investigate a redox reaction by transferring
electrons at a distance.
.

Diagram 6
Rajah 6
Dalam tindak balas ini, elektron mengalir daripada elektrod P ke elektrod Q. Yang mana
antara berikut adalah larutan yang betul untuk X dan Y?

In this reaction, electrons flow from electrode P to electrode Q. Which of the

following are the correct solutions for X and Y?

Larutan X Larutan Y
Solution X Solution Y
A Bromine water Iron(II) sulphate solution
Air bromin Larutan ferum(II) sulfat
B Bromine water Potassium iodide solution
Air bromin Larutan kalium iodida
C Acidified potassium
dichromate(VI) solution Potassium iodide solution
Larutan kalium dikromat(VI) Larutan kalium iodida
berasid
D Potassium iodide solution Acidified potassium
Larutan kalium iodida dichromate(VI) solution
Larutan kalium dikromat
(VI)
berasid

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13. Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan tindak balas redoks?

Which of the following is a redox reaction?

A Corrosion
Kakisan
B Neutralization
Peneutralan
C Halogenation
Penghalogenan
D Saponification
Saponifikasi

14. Antara persamaan berikut, yang manakah mewakili tindak balas

redoks?
Which of the following equations represent a redox reaction?

I CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O

II 2HCl + Zn → ZnCl2 + H2
III Ag+ + Cl- → AgCl
IV Cl2 + 2I- → 2Cl- + I2

A I and II
B II and IV
C I and III
D III and IV

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15. Rajah 9 di bawah menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji tindak balas antara kalium
manganat(VII) berasid dengan larutan ferum(II) sulfat.
Diagram 9 below shows the apparatus set-up used to investigate the reaction of acidified
potassium manganate(VII) with iron(II) sulphate solution.

Diagram 9
Rajah 9
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah perubahan warna bagi kedua-dua larutan itu?
Which of the following is the colour change of the two solutions?

Larutan ferum(II)sulfat Kalium manganat (VII) berasid

Iron(II)sulphate solution Acidified potassium manganate(VII)

A Green to brown Purple to colourless

Hijau kepada perang Ungu kepada tidak berwarna
B Brown to green Purple to colourless
Perang kepada hijau Ungu kepada tidak berwarna
C Brown to green Orange to green
Perang kepada hijau Jingga kepada hijau
D Green to brown Orange to green
Hijau kepada perang Jingga kepada hijau

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16. Antara yang berikut, yang manakah bukan tindak balas redoks?
Which of the following is not a redox reaction?

A 2Fe + 3Cl2 → 2FeC13

B 4FeO + O2 → 2Fe2O 3
C FeC12 + Mg → MgC12 + Fe
D FeSO4 + 2NaOH → Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4

17. Di manakah kedudukan hidrogen dalam siri kereaktifan logam?

What is the position of hydrogen in the reactivity series of metals?

A Between zinc and iron

Antara zink dan ferum
B Between iron and lead
Antara ferum dan plumbum
C Between lead and copper
Antara plumbum dan kuprum
D Between aluminium and zinc
Antara aluminium dan zink

18 Persamaan kimia berikut menujukkan tindak balas antara kuprum(II)

oksida dan karbon.
The following chemical equation shows the reaction between copper(II) oxide
and carbon.
2CuO + C → 2Cu + CO2

Bahan manakah yang bertindak sebagai agen penurunan?

Which substance acts as reducing agent?

A Karbon, C
Carbon, C
B Kuprum, Cu
Copper, Cu
C Karbon dioksida, CO2
Carbon dioxide, CO2
D Kuprum(II) oksida, CuO
Copper(II) oxide, CuO

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19 Persamaan ion berikut menunjukkan penukaran Fe2+ kepada Fe3+:

The following ionic equation shows the conversion of Fe2+ to Fe3+:

2Fe2+ + Br2 → 2Fe3+ + 2Br-

Bahan manakah yang boleh menggantikan air bromin, Br 2 bagi mendapatkan

hasil yang sama apabile bertindak balas dengan ion ferum(II), Fe2+?
Which of the following substance can replace bromine water, Br2 to give similar
product when react with iron(II) ion, Fe2+?

A Kalium iodida
Potassium iodide
B Sulfur dioksida
Sulphur dioxide
C Hidrogen peroksida
Hydrogen peroxide
D Serbuk magnesium
Magnesium powder

20. Notasi sel bagi sel kimia dengan menggunakan logam kuprum dan magnesiumsebagai
elektrod adalah seperti berikut:
Cell notation for a voltaic cell with copper and magnesium metal as
electrodes areas follows:
Mg | Mg2+ || Cu2+ | Cu

Berapakah nilai voltan sel?

What is cell voltage value?

Senarai keupayaan elektrod piawai terpilih

List of selected standard electrode potential

Mg2+ + 2e- ⇌ Mg E0 = - 2.38V

Cu2+ + 2e- ⇌ Cu E0 = + 0.34V

A +2.02V
B +2.72V
C -2.02V
D -2.72V
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REDOX EQUILIBRIUM – STRUCTURE

Soalan 1

Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji beza keupayaan antara
dua elektrod menggunakan elektrolit masing-masing dalam suatu tindak balas redoks.
Diagram 1 shows the arrangement of apparatus for an experiment to study the potential difference between
two electrodes using their respective electrolytes in a redox reaction.

Rajah 1
Diagram 1

(a) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan elektrolit?

What is meant by electrolyte?

.....................................................................................................................
[1 markah][1 mark]

(b) Senaraikan semua kation yang hadir dalam bikar Q

List all the cations present in beaker Q

.....................................................................................................................
[1 markah][1 mark]

(c) Jadual 1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Siri Keupayaan Elektrod Piawai.

Table 1 shows a part of Standard Electrode Potential Series.

Tindak balas sel setengah E, V (297K)

Half-cell reaction
Mg2+(aq) + 2e-  Mg(s) -2.38
Zn2+(aq) + 2e-  Zn(s) -0.76
Cu2+ (aq) + 2e-  Cu(s) +0.34
Ag+(aq) + e-  Ag(s) +0.80

Jadual 1/Table 1
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Berdasarkan Rajah 1 dan Jadual 1

Based on Diagram 1 and Table 1

(i) Tuliskan notasi sel untuk tindak balas itu

Write the cell notation for the reaction

.....................................................................................................................
[2 markah] [2 marks]

(ii) Kirakan nilai E°sei bagi tindak balas itu

Calculate the value of the E°sei for the reaction

[1 markah][1 mark]

(iii) Pilih pasangan logam yang akan menghasilkan nyalaan mentol yang paling terang.
Wajarkan pilihan anda.
Choose the pair of metals that will produce the brightest light of bulb. Justify your choice.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
[2 markah] [2 marks]

(iv) Berdasarkan jawapan anda di (c)(iii), tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi mewakili tindak
balas yang berlaku pada terminal negatif sel.
Based on your answer in (c)(iii), write a half equation to represent the reaction that occurs at the
negative terminal of the cell.

.....................................................................................................................
[1 markah][1 mark]

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(d) Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan untuk mengkaji hasil elektrolisis
larutan kuprum (II) klorida dengan menggunakan elektrod karbon.
Diagram 2 shows the arrangement of the apparatus used to study the results of electrolysis of
copper (II) chloride solution using carbon electrodes .

Rajah 2
Diagram 2

Diberi
Given

Tindak balas sel setengah E, V (297K)

Half-cell reaction
+
2H (aq) + 2e-  H2(g) 0.00
Cu2+ (aq) + 2e-  Cu(s) +0.34
O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e-  4OH-(aq) +0.40
Cl2(g) + 2e-  2Cl-(aq) +0.80

Terangkan perbezaan pemerhatian pada anod dalam kedua-dua sel elektrolisis yang
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.
Explain the difference observed at the anode in the two electrolysis cells shown in Diagram 2.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
[2 markah] [2 marks]

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Soalan 2
(a) Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji pemindahan elektron pada satu
jarak antara larutan ferum(II) nitrat dan larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid .
Diagram 3 shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the transfer of electrons at a distance
between iron(II) nitrate solution and acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution.

Electrode S
Electrode R Elektrod S
Elektrod R
Acidified potassium
manganate(VII) solution
Iron(II) nitrate solution Larutan kalium
Larutan ferum(II) nitrat manganat(VII) berasid

Dilute sulphuric acid

Asid sulfurik cair
Diagram 3
Rajah 3

(i) Nyatakan fungsi bagi asid sulfurik cair

State the function of dilute sulphuric acid.
.
……………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark][1
markah]

(ii) Merujuk kepada tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod R:

Referring to the reaction that takes place at electrode R:

Tulis persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas itu.

Write the half equation for the reaction.

………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark][1 markah]
Nyatakan satu pemerhatian yang berlaku.
State one observation that occurred.
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark][1 markah]

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Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk mengenal pasti kation yang terbentuk dalam

larutan pada elektrod R.

Describe briefly a chemical test to identify the cation formed in the solution at electrode R.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks][2 markah]

(iii) Merujuk kepada tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod S:

Referring to the reaction that takes place at electrode S:

Write the half equation for the reaction.

Tulis persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas itu .

…………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks][2 markah]

Apakah perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi mangan dalam tindak balas itu?

What is the change of oxidation number of manganese in the reaction?

…………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark][1 markah]

(iv) Tunjukkan arah pengaliran elektron dalam Rajah 6.1

Show the direction of the electron flow in Diagram 6.1.

[1 mark][1 markah]

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(b) Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji penyesaran halogen daripada

larutan halidanya. Air klorin ditambah ke dalam tabung uji yang mengandungi larutan

kalium iodida.

Diagram 4 shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the displacement of halogen from its halide

solution. Chlorine water was added to a test tube containing potassium iodide solution.

Chlorine water
Air klorin

Potassium
iodide solution
Larutan
kalium iodida

Diagram 4

Rajah 4

(i) Apakah fungsi air klorin?

What is the function of chlorine water?

……………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark][1 markah]

(ii) Nyatakan perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi iodin.

State the change of oxidation number of iodine.

……………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark][1 markah]

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REDOX EQUILIBRIUM – ESSAY

1 (a)Berikut adalah persamaan dua tindak balas:

The following are the equations of two reactions:

Tindak balas /Reaction I : NaOH + HCl  NaCl + H2 O

Tindak balas/ Reaction II : Mg + Zn(NO3)2  Mg(NO3)2 + Zn

Tentukan tindak balas yang manakah merupakan tindak balas redoks.

Terangkan jawapan anda dari segi nombor pengoksidaan. [4 markah]
Determine which reaction is a redox reaction.
Explain your answer in term of oxidation number. [4 marks]

(b) Rajah 1.0 menunjukkan perubahan yang melibatkan ferum, ion ferum(II) dan ion ferum(III).
Diagram 1.0 shows the changes involving iron, iron(II) ion and iron(III) ion.

Dengan merujuk kepada Rajah 1.0, cadangkan bahan kimia yang sesuai untuk menjalankan
perubahan dalam Langkah I dan Langkah II. Jawapan anda hendaklah mengandungi sebarang
pemerhatian yang terlibat.
By referring to Diagram 1.0, suggest a suitable chemical substance to carry out the changes in Step I
and Step II. Your answer should include any observations involved. [4 marks]

(c) Pernyataan berikut adalah tentang tindak balas redoks.

Dengan menggunakan larutan kalium iodida, asid sulfurik cair dan air bromin, huraikan satu
eksperimen untuk mengesahkan pernyataan di atas dengan pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak.
Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi:
 Gambar rajah berlabel
 Prosedur
 Pemerhatian [10 markah]

(c)The following statement is about a redox reaction.

By using potassium iodide solution, dilute sulphuric acid and bromine water, describe one
experiment to verify the statement above by the transfer of electron at a distance. Your description
should include:
 Labelled diagram
 Procedure
 Observations [10 marks

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