Sheet 6 Transformer

IAEMS Fall 2021/2022
Faculty of Engineering Dr/ Shady Mamdouh

Electrical Power & Machines Dept. Eng/ waseem
Principle of Elec. Eng. (ELP111)
SHEET (5)
"Tranformers"
1. (Book2.1) A single-phase power system consists of a 450-V 60-Hz generator supplying a

load Zload= 4 + j3 Ω through a transmission line of impedance ZTL = 0.18 + j0.24 Ω.
(a) If the power system is exactly as described in (Fig.1a), what will the voltage at the load be?
What will the transmission line losses be?
(b) Suppose a 1: 10 step-up transformer is placed at the generator end of the transmission line
and a 10: 1 step-down transformer is placed at the load end of the line (Fig.1b). What will the
load voltage be now? What will the transmission line losses be now?
(c) What is the system efficiency and voltage drop in both cases (a) & (b)?
(d) According to the results of this problem, why transformers are used in power systems?
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2. (Solved2.14) A 13.2-kV single-phase generator supplies power to a load through a

transmission line. The load’s impedance is Zload = 500∠36.87° Ω, and the transmission line’s
impedance is line Z = 60∠53.1° Ω.
(a) If the generator is directly connected to the load (Fig. 2a), what is the ratio of the load
voltage to the generated voltage? What are the transmission losses of the system?
(b) If a 1:10 step-up transformer is placed at the output of the generator and a 10:1
transformer is placed at the load end of the transmission line (Fig.2b), what is the new
ratio of the load voltage to the generated voltage? What are the transmission losses of the
system now? (Note: The transformers may be assumed to be ideal).
(c) What is the system efficiency and voltage drop in both cases (a) & (b)?
(d) According to the results of this problem, why transformers are used in power systems?
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(c)
In case (A)
11.83∗23.66∗cos(−1.73+38.6)
∗100=91.74 %
13.2∗23.66∗cos (0+38.6)
In case (B)
13.185∗26.37∗cos (−0.02+36.89)
∗100=99.91 %
13.2∗26.37∗cos (0+36.89)
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voltage drop in both cases (a) & (b)
In case (A)
vd=Vsource−Vload=13.2−11.83=1.37 kv
In case (B)
vd=Vsource−Vload=13.2−13.185=0.015 kv
(d) Power transformers are used in power systems for several reasons:
1. Voltage Regulation: Power transformers are used to regulate voltage levels in power systems.
They can step up or step down the voltage to match the requirements of the load. This is
important for efficient power transmission and distribution, and to prevent damage to electrical
equipment.
2. Power Transmission: Power transformers are used to transmit electrical power over long
distances. They help to reduce energy losses due to resistance in the power lines by stepping up
the voltage and reducing the current. This allows for efficient power transmission and
distribution.
3. System Protection: Power transformers can provide electrical isolation between two circuits,
which is important for system protection and safety. They can help to prevent electrical shocks
and protect equipment from damage due to electrical surges.
Overall, power transformers play a critical role in power systems by facilitating efficient power
transmission and distribution, as well as providing electrical isolation and system protection.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. (Solved2.4) a single-phase power system is shown in (Fig.3). The power source feeds a 100
kVA 14/2.4 kV transformer through a feeder impedance of 40.0 + j150 Ω. The transformer’s
equivalent series impedance referred to its low-voltage side is 0.12 + j0.5Ω. The load on the
transformer is 90 kW at 0.80 PF lagging and 2300 V.
(a) What is the voltage at the power source of the system?
(b) What is the voltage regulation of the transformer?
(c) How efficient is the overall power system?
(d) What is the efficiency of the transformer?
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IAEMS Fall 2021/2022

Faculty of Engineering Dr/ Shady Mamdouh

1. (Book2.1) A single-phase power system consists of a 450-V 60-Hz generator supplying a

2. (Solved2.14) A 13.2-kV single-phase generator supplies power to a load through a

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