Super FINAL ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT Q2 Week13
Super FINAL ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT Q2 Week13
Super FINAL ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT Q2 Week13
ORGANIZATION
AND MANAGEMENT
Quarter 2 Week 13
Demonstrate Knowledge in Motivation,
Leadership, and Communication by Solving
Business cases
Republic Act 9293, section 178 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locale and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective owners. The publishers and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over
them.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.
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HOW TO USE THIS MODULE?
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you
while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy the
objectives of this kit. Have fun!
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances learning, that
is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the post-test and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!
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CHAPTER 6 Leading
Lesson 1
EXPECTATION
Good luck!
PRE-TEST
Directions: Read the following items carefully. Write the corresponding letter on your
answer of the space provided.
__ 1. It refers to a management function that involves inspiring and influencing people in the
organization to achieve a common goal.
a. Leading
b. Managing
c. Organizing
d. Planning
___ 2. It refers to a psychological process that arouse and direct goal-oriented behavior.
a. Motivation
b. Leadership
c. Staffing
d. Controlling
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___ 3. It means the process of working with and through others to achieve organizational
objectives efficiently and ethically amid constant change.
a. Managing
b. Leading
c. Controlling
d. Planning
LOOKING BACK
As we go further, let us try to recall our lesson about the compensation/wages and
performance evaluation.
Compensation/wages- all forms of pay given by employers to their employees for the
performance of their jobs
Performance evaluation- a process undertaken by the organization, usually done once a
year, designed to measure employee’s work performance
Types of Compensation
1. Direct compensation-includes workers’ salaries, incentives pays, bonuses, and
commissions.
2. Indirect compensation-includes benefits given by employers other than financial
remunerations; for example: travel, educational and health benefits.
3. Non-financial compensation- includes recognition programs, being assigned to do
rewarding jobs, or enjoying management support, ideal work environment, and convenient
work hours.
Employee relations applies to all phases of work activities in organizations, and managers,
to be effective, must be able to encourage good employee relations among all human
resources under his/her care.
Employee movement- series of actions initiated by employee groups toward an end or
specific goal
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Unionism- the principle of combination for unity of purpose and action
Reward- gifts, prize or recompense for merit, service or achievement, which may have a
motivating effect on the employee
Monetary reward- refers to money, finance or currency reward
Non-monetary reward- refers to intrinsic rewards which do not pertain to money or finance
ENJOY READING!!!
BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Definition of terms:
Leading- a management function that involves inspiring and influencing people in
the organization to achieve a common goal.
Managing- the process of working with and through others to achieve
organizational objectives efficiently and ethically amid constant change. It also
deals with planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling.
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5. Openness to experience- the degree to which someone is imaginative, artistically sensitive,
and intellectual.
Emotional intelligence (EI) pertains to the ability to manage oneself and interact with others
in a positive way.
Four key components of EI
1. Self-awareness means being aware of what you are feeling; being conscious of the
emotions within yourself.
2. Self-management means that team members need to balance their own moods so that
worry, anxiety, fear or anger do not get in the way of what needs to be done.
3. Social awareness means that you understand how to react to different social situations,
and effectively modify your interactions with other people so that you can achieve the best
results.
4. Relationship management is the ability to connect with others, build positive
relationships, respond to the emotions of others and influence others on the team. Managers
and Leaders must focus their leadership strategies on the following key work attitudes in
order to avoid distraction caused by varied reactions and behaviors.
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Lesson Motivation
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Motivation encourages individuals to work enthusiastically, often performing more work than
what is required.
Definition of terms:
Motivation- refers to psychologically processes that arouse and direct goal-directed
behavior
Theory- a body of fundamental principles verifiable by experiment or observation.
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McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y proposed by Douglas MCGregor.
Douglas McGregor (1906 –1964) was a famous management professor in the field of
personal development and motivational theory. He is best known for his development of the
Theory X and Theory Y, a leadership theory on two different leadership styles.
Theory x is a negative view of workers which assumes that workers have little ambition,
dislike work and avoid responsibilities; they need to be closely monitored or controlled in
order for them to work effectively.
Theory Y is a positive view of workers which assumes that employees enjoy work, seek out
and accept responsibility, and are self-directed.
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Modern Theories of Motivation are process theories that focus on the notion that motivation
is a function of employees’ perception, thoughts, and beliefs. Among these are.
1. Goal Setting Theory- a theory stating the specific goals motivate performance and that
more difficult goals, when accepted by employees result in greater motivation to perform
well, (set goals)
2. Reinforcement Theory- a theory which states that behavior is a function of its
consequences. (Positive reinforcement such as reward, and praises)
3. Job Design Theory- a theory which states that employees are motivated to work well by
combining tasks to form complete jobs. (Examples; job enlargement-expansion/, job
enrichment-empowering employees/, job characteristics model-motivated to perform
4. Equity Theory- a theory developed by J. Stacey Adams which states that employees assess
job outcomes in relation to what they put into it and then compare these with their co-workers
(fairness or equity in their company)
5. Expectancy Theory- states that an individual tends to act in a certain way, based on the
expectation that the act will be followed by an outcome which may be attractive or
unattractive to him or her. (link reward with the said goal)
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Lesson Leadership Styles and Theories
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Path-Goal Theory developed by Robert House which states that the leader’s task is to lead
his other follower or subordinates in achieving their goals by providing them direction
needed to ensure compatibility of these said goals with the amortization's goal.
Four leadership behaviors.
1. Directive leadership- the leader gives specific guidelines to followers so that task
accomplishment would be easier.
2. Supportive leadership- leader shows concern and friendliness to subordinates
3. Participative leadership- the leader asks for suggestions from followers before decision-
making and;
4. Achievement-oriented leadership- the leader sets the goals that subordinates must try to
achieve.
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Six Modern Leadership Views
1. Transactional leadership Theory- leaders guide their subordinates toward to achieve of
their organization’s goals by using social exchange or transaction and by offering rewards in
exchange for their productivity.
2. Transformational Leadership Theory- the leaders inspire follower to achieve extraordinary
outcomes
3. Charismatic leadership Theory- leaders are able to influence their subordinates to follow
them.
4. Visionary leadership Theory- leaders can make their subordinates follow because of their
ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, and attractive vision that may improve
present circumstances.
5. Team Leadership Theory- managers are trying to learn how to become affective team
leaders. The skills that they must learn are information sharing, trusting others, lessening their
authority by empowering subordinates, and proper timing mediation, among others.
6. Servant Leadership Theory- proposed by Robert Greenleaf 1970’s that servant leaders
must focus on increased service to others rather than to oneself, growth of people, building
community, stewardship of the material resources and the people they lead, their ability to
listen to what others seek o communicate.
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Lesson
Communication
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Communication applies to all management functions and its general purpose for the
organization to bring positive changes that influence activities leading to the firm’s welfare.
Definition of terms:
Communication-the exchange of information and understanding
Verbal Communication- refers to oral and written communication
Non-Verbal Communication- refers to communication through body movements,
gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, or body contact
Types of Communication
Verbal- oral and written words
Non-verbal- Through body movements, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, or body
contact
Formal- when the manager gives an assignment to a subordinate
Informal- when employees talk to their friends in the office about a weekend party or a
vacation which they plan to take.
Assistant Manager
Supervisor
Employees/workers
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Manager
Assistant Manager
Supervisor
Employees/workers
Assistant Manager
Supervisor
Employees/workers
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Communication Networks in Organization
Communication networks are varied patterns of combined horizontal and vertical flows of
organizational communication.
Barriers to Communication
Filtering the shaping of information communicated in order to make it look good or
advantageous to the receiver.
Emotions the interpretation of communications which may be influenced by extreme
emotions felt by the receiver.
Information overloads another barrier to good communication since there are too many
pieces of information received by an individual may have a negative effect on a person’s
processing capacity.
Defensiveness the act of self-protection when people are threatened by something or
someone.
Language could also hamper good communications because words used may have different
meanings to different people belongings to different age, educational background, or cultural
group.
National Culture just like language, the prevailing national culture may also cause problems
in communication among members of an organization
ACTIVITIES
Activity # 1
Directions: Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper
1. Enumerate Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Five Human Needs) on your own level
of needs
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Self-Level of needs
Self-actualization
Esteem needs
Social needs
Safety needs
Physical needs
Activity # 2
1. Search for a business owner and ask him of the following:
a. How many employees does he have?
b. What are the programs that he imposed to motivate his people?
Rubrics:
Criteria and Below Meets Excellent work Points
points expectations expectations (4) earned
assigned (1) (3)
Relevance Answer is Answer is brief Answer is
of answer to incomplete. with insufficient complete; sufficient
the question Excessive detail. detail provided to
discussion of Unrelated issues support assertions;
unrelated issues were introduced answer focuses
and/or and/or minor only on issues
significant errors errors in related to the
in content content. question; factually
correct
Thoroughne Serious gaps in Most of the Deals fully with the
ss of answer the basic details basic details are entire question
needed included but
some are
missing
Organizatio Weak Minor problems Clear and logical
n and logic organization; of organization presentation; good
of answer sentences or logic; Needs development of an
rambling; ideas work on argument;
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are repeated creating Transitions are
transitions made clearly and
between ideas smoothly
Total points (10
possible)
REMEMBER
Leading- a management function that involves inspiring and influencing people in the
organization to achieve a common goal.
Managing- the process of working with and through others to achieve organizational
objectives efficiently and ethically amid constant change. It is also deals with planning,
organizing, staffing, leading and controlling.
Personality pertains to the unique combination of physical and mental characteristics that
affect how individuals react to situations and interact with others, and if unhealthy or not
fully functioning could cause conflicts/problems among individuals.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Five Human Needs)
Physiological Needs refer to the human needs for food, water, shelter, and other physical
necessities.
Safety Needs refer to the human needs for security and protection from physical and
psychological harm.
Social Needs pertains to the human desire to be loved and to love, as well as the need for
affection and belongingness.
Esteem includes the human need for self-respect, self-fulfillment, and become the best
according to one’s capability.
Self-actualization Needs are the final needs in Maslow’s hierarchy.
McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y proposed by Douglas MCGregor.
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory proposed by Frederick Herzberg
McClelland’s Three Needs Theory proposed by David McClelland
Alderfer’s ERG Theory developed by Clayton Alderfer
Leadership then processes of inspiring and influencing a group of people to achieve a
common goal.
Communication-the exchange of information and understanding
Verbal Communication- refers to oral and written communication
Non-Verbal Communication- refers to communication through body movements,
gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, or body contact
Types of Communication Networks
Chain network- where communication flows according to the usual formal chain of
command, downward and upward
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Wheel Network- where communication flows between a leader and other member of their
group/team.
All-Channel Network- where communication flows freely among all members of a team.
POST-TEST
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on the space
provided.
____1. It refers to the degree to which someone is sociable, talkative, and assertive.
a. Agreeableness
b. conscientiousness
c. Emotional stability
d. Extraversion
___2. It refers to the process of working with and through others to achieve organizational
objectives
a. Leading
b. Planning
c. Managing
d. Personality
___3. It means the degree to which someone is good natured, cooperative, and trusting.
a. Openness to experience
b. Agreeableness
c. Extraversion
d. Emotional stability
___4. It refers to psychologically processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior
a. Motivation
b. Leadership
c. Leading
d. Communication
___5. It refers to the human needs for food, water, shelter, and other physical necessities.
a. Social needs
b. Esteem
c. Safety needs
d. Physiological needs
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___6. It refers to the human needs for security and protection from physical and
psychological harm.
a. Safety needs
b. Physiological needs
c. Esteem
d. social needs
___7. It means the degree by which performing job requirements results in the employees’
receipt of information about his or her performance effectiveness.
a. Task identity
b.Feedback
c. Autonomy
d.Communication
___9. It refers to the shaping of information communicated in order to make it look goo or
advantageous to the receiver.
a. National culture
b. Defensiveness
c. Language
d. Filtering
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10. A 5. D
9. D 4. C
8. C 3. B
7. B 2. A
6. A 1. D
Post test
5. Job
4. Development
3. Training
2. Recruitment
Answer may vary 1. Selection
Activity 1 & 2 Pretest
Key Answer
REFERENCES
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