Lesson 1 Diass

LESSON 1:
COUNSELING AS A
DISCIPLINE
ITS MEANING, GOALS, SCOPE, CORE VALUES, AND PRINCIPLES
Counseling is a field/ discipline of applied social sciences which provides
guidance, help and support to individuals who experience a diverse set of
problems in their lives .
GOALS OF COUNSELING
Detailed and expansive counseling goals have been identified by Gibson and
Mitchell (2003), which are as follows:
1. Development goals- assist in meeting or advancing the client’s human growth

and development including social, personal, emotional, cognitive, and physical
wellness.
2. Preventive goals- helps the client to avoid some undesired outcome.
3. Enhancement goals- enhanced special skills and abilities.
4. Remedial goals- assisting a client to overcome and treat an undesirable

development.
5. Exploratory goals- examining options, testing of skills, trying new and

different activities, etc.
6. Reinforcement goals- helps client in recognizing that what they are doing,
thinking and feeling is fine.
7. Cognitive goals- involves acquiring the basic foundation of
learning and cognitive skills.
8. Physiological goals- involves acquiring the basic understanding

and habits for good health.
9. Psychological goals- aids in developing good social interaction

skills, learning emotional control, and developing positive self-
concept.
• Mcleod (2003) also presented a list of counseling goals , some of
which are enhancement of the above goals.
1. Insight – Understanding of the origins and development of

emotional difficulties, leading to an increased capacity to take
rational control over feelings and actions
2. Relating with others- Becoming better able to form and maintain
meaningful and satisfying relationships with other people: for
example, within the family or workplace
3. Self-awareness- Becoming more aware of thoughts and feelings that had been
blocked off or denied, or developing a more accurate sense of how self is perceived
by others.
4. Self-acceptance- The development of a positive attitude toward self, marked by

an ability to acknowledge areas of experience that had been the subject of self-
criticism and rejection.
5. Self- actualization- Moving in the direction of fulfilling potential or achieving an

integration of previously conflicting parts of self.
6. Enlightenment- Assisting the client to arrive at a higher state of spiritual

awakening
7. Problem-solving- Finding a solution to a specific problem that the client had
not been able to resolve alone and acquiring a general competence in problem-
solving
8. Psychological education- Enabling the client to acquire ideas and techniques
with which to understand and control behavior
9. Acquisition of Social Skills- Learning and mastering social and interpersonal
skills such as maintenance of eye contact, turn-taking in conversations,
assertiveness, or anger control
10. Cognitive change- The modification or replacement of irrational beliefs or
maladaptive thought patterns associated with self destructive behavior
11. Behavior change- The modification or replacement of maladaptive or self
destructive patterns of behavior.
12. Systemic change- Introducing change into the way in that
social systems operate.
13. Empowerment- Working on skills, awareness, and knowledge
that will enable the client to take control of his or her own life.
14. Restitution- Helping the client to make amends for previous
destructive behavior
15. Generativity- Inspiring in the person a desire and capacity to
care for others and pass on knowledge and to contribute to the
collective good through political engagement and community
work.
ACTIVITY
IN WHAT WAY WILL COUNSELING EMPOWER ME?
John McLeod contends that: "Counseling aims to empower the client by

helping him/her make critical decisions in life, develop ability to cope,
enhance effectiveness, and improve quality of life.“
1. What do you think about this statement? Do you accept or support it?
2. How will it empower you? Explain your answer.

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LESSON 1:

1. Development goals- assist in meeting or advancing the client’s human growth

3. Enhancement goals- enhanced special skills and abilities.

4. Remedial goals- assisting a client to overcome and treat an undesirable

5. Exploratory goals- examining options, testing of skills, trying new and

8. Physiological goals- involves acquiring the basic understanding

9. Psychological goals- aids in developing good social interaction

1. Insight – Understanding of the origins and development of

4. Self-acceptance- The development of a positive attitude toward self, marked by

5. Self- actualization- Moving in the direction of fulfilling potential or achieving an

6. Enlightenment- Assisting the client to arrive at a higher state of spiritual

John McLeod contends that: "Counseling aims to empower the client by

2. How will it empower you? Explain your answer.

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