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za

May/June 2014
Question 1
Briefly explain what is “Ubuntu” is and tell us what is it that you do in your culture that depicts “Ubuntu”
(10) SG Page 3
Ubuntu’s key concept is that is irrespective of race, colour or creed, ubuntu is about:
• peace
• working together
• forgiveness
• nation building
• respect
• Becoming a united people.
• The essence of being human.
• Speaks about humanness and gentleness.
• Embraces compassion and toughness
• Certain acts are attributes to the absence of ubuntu, e.g. violence, child and woman abuse, police
brutality,mob justice, etc
• Where there is ubuntu, there is life, peace, happiness, joy, education and general understanding
what is it that you do in your culture that depicts “Ubuntu”

• Ubuntu is to remain calm when receiving voluntary advice from someone and answer with something
like “Thank you for your opinion. I’ll think about it.” The goal is to be polite and not be defensive or
rude. It refers to the essence of being human.
• Caring for one another, without being bias, towards other human.
• To respect others and their values and to be generous and helpful to another’’.
• Ubuntu teaches us to forgive and forget. We all have tiffs amongst each other in everyday life, but the
golden key is to be able to forgive even when we do not receive an apology.
• To be generous and give the needy and share our wealth. To give others from what we have, even if
we have a real need for it.
• Teaches us not to be violent.
• It can be a simple good deed like smiling at someone and making their day or greeting someone in
their mother tongue language.

Question 2
Discuss the factors that led to the creation of our 11 official language (10)
• The medium of instruction was Afrikaans.
• Was inappropriate to African culture.
• Prevented Africans from attaining higher levels of education
• The change from apartheid to democracy brought about official recognition that South Africa is a
multilingual rather than a bilingual country.
• It had been assumed to be in the apartheid problem so they translated into a new multilingual
language policy, hence language democratization.
• The language policy gives us official language of eleven including Afrikaans and English.
• It Includes nine indigenous African language. (isiXhosa, isiZulu, Sesotho, Setswana, North Sotho,
Tshivenda, Xitsonga, siSwati and isiNdebele)
• The key objective of the new language policy is for understanding, redressing and the imbalances of
the past by promoting the previously marginalized language.
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• The objective in the language in education policy also allows parents to exercise the language choice
on behalf of the minor learner.
• Learners must choose their language and teaching upon admission to a school. Where a certain
language not available, learners can request the provincial education department to make provision
for instruction in the chosen language.
• School governing bodies must stipulate how the school will promote multilingualism through the use of
more than one language of learning and teaching or offering additional languages as fully fledged
subjects.
• Now in South Africa each person has the right to exercise their own culture and language of
preference, which was denied in the previous governments thanks to multilingualism South Africa can
grow to its full potential
Question 3
Explain the difference between a short story and a novel. Validate your answer by giving relevant
examples. Book 102 Pg 52 and Pg 42

Short story: under 7500 words Novel:consist of more than 40 000 words
(i) Is short, may be read in one sitting. (i) Is of considerable length.
(ii) Has only one plot. (ii) May have more than one plot.
(iii) Is too short to have chapters. (iii) Is divided into chapters.
(iv) Characterization is brief and to the point. (iv) Characterization is depicted through a
(v) The author usually limits his portrayal of events variety of techniques and are developed extensively.
to one placeonly. (v) The author often portrays the events of his novel
(vi) Events are limited and described briefly, may in a variety of places.
provide conflict in the short story. (vi) A series of events described in detail,
providing conflict in a novel.

1. Known as fictions:
The means the art form springs from
imagination.

Question 4
Explain with examples the relation between proverbs and metaphors: (10) Page 61 & pg36

Metaphor:
• A metaphor is a type of figure of speech in which two things are linked.
• It compares two objects by identifying one object and calling it with another name”. For example; “The
birds sing the flute.”
• It creates imaginative pictures that is intended to highlight.

Proverb:
A short, generally known sentence of the folk which contains wisdom, truth, morals, and traditional views in a
metaphorical, fixed, and memorizable form and which is handed down from generation to generation.
• expresses the truth
• its wording is compact and forceful
• it is figurative
• it enjoys general acceptance in the culture group

OCT/NOV 2014- AFL1502

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Question 1
a)“Through others I am someone” (English)
Briefly discuss UBUNTU as an act that binds people together (10)
May/June 2014 Q1 Oct/Nov 2014 Q1

b) Discuss the factors that led to the creation of 11 official languages in South Africa (15)
May/June 2014 Q2/ Oct/Nov 2014 Q2

Question 2
a)What do you understand by the terms Folklore and riddles (4) page 32/33
Folklore:
• Is defined as a form of art which is delivered by word of mouth from generation to generation and later
reproducted verbatim from memory.
• Definition is limited to the verbal aspect of folklore and excludes other elements such as non-verbal
aspects of a performance.
• Is in the performance that art is looked at as it is experienced and transmitted from various contexts
such as its social, educational and history functions.
• The audience is the most important and influential feature in the oral performance.
• Occasions when oral pieces can be composed include wedding, funerals, celebrations and lulling a
baby to sleep.
• A poet ca n compose a praise poem for a chief during the installation ceremony or lullaby for a child
who cries.
Riddle:
• A traditional verbal expression which contains one or more descriptive elements, a pair of which may
be in opposition; the referent of the elements is to be guessed.
• Performance and audience of riddles is normally children, and adults seldom engage in riddling.
• 4 groups of riddles:
• The simple riddle; The long riddle; The simple problem riddle; and The argumentative problem riddle.

b)Define and give an examples of the following folk narratives in your main African language (6) Pg 32
• Myth:
• Deals with the supernatural, such as gods, demigods, or culture heroes.
• They are sacred tales, told as truth and believed as fact, and have taken place a long time ago in a
different world.
• Characters are human beings and animals with supernatural powers.
• Eg. Human beings, the deity, chameleon and millipede.

• Legend:
• Contains a nucleus of historical fact that has been distorted.
• Legends are considered to by semi-mythical because they are historical facts that are elaborated by
elements derived from myths.
• Characters are human beings, which are usually heroes that possesses supernatural powers.
• Eg. A character whose historical existence is shrouded in mystery.

• Folktale:
• A fable is a fictitious or untrue story that features personified animals or natural objects as
characteristics.
• They always end up in an explicit moral message
• They are instructive tales that contain moral messages about human social behaviour
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• It is unspecific to time and space

• Eg. Human beings, reptiles, inanimate objects, ogres/monsters
• It consists of characters are that are human beings, non-human characters such as reptiles for
example snakes or crocodiles, as well as inanimate objects such as rives, trees and logs, and
monsters and ogres

c)Give 6 functions of Folk narratives in your main African Language(6)

• To educate and warn.
• To incultate the norms and values of society.
• To introduce the children to the philosophy of life of the African people at an early stage.
• Consists in the role it plays in validatity culture.
• Consists of maininting the stability of a culture
• Its serves as a form of amusement or entertainment.

d)Give three proverbs for each situation(i) –(iii), in your main African language. (9)
(i)When there is a death in the family:
• Death has no modesty.
• A nice plate is not long eaten off from.
• There is no hillside without a grave.

(ii)When you are warning someone:

• The wrong-headed fool, who refuses council, will come to grief
• A fly that doesn’t heed advise follows the corpse to the grave
• Go forth alone, you will soon find a stone on the road that you cannot pass

(iii)When you encourage a person:

• The bull is among the calves
• Every course of water has its source
• The way forward is to ask from those who have gone before you.

Question 3
Although both the novel and the drama fall under the category of literature known as fiction, they differ
with regard to:
Discuss these two genres with regard to (a), (b), (c) and (d) Page 42-63
a)Structure: (7)
Novel:
• Falls under the category known as fiction.
• Meaning the novel is an art form which springs from the imagination.
• It also means the fact that, it is a form or art that has something more to it than just a story.

Drama:
• Is a genre that is written to be performed.
• The medium which drama is performed for the audience gives range of different types of drama.
• From the modes of performance, we habe television, radio and stage dramas and films.

b)Types: (7)
Novel: There are several types of novels.
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There is historical, political and documentary.

Drama: It is vital that we leran about the different types of drama as we listen and watch dramas on many
occasions.
There is stage drama, a television drama or film and the radio drama.

c)Dialogue and : (6)

Novel: Is the most difficult novel elements to master.
If a dialogue fails so does the story.

Drama: Is the development of the action.

The setting and other contextual information are revealed in the dialogue.

d)Characterisation: (5)
Novel: Are not real people but are made to live like real people.
Since they are made to live like real people, whatever they do should have a motivation.
Motivation of charactrs, the working of conscience and consciousness.

Drama: Characters are responsible for carrying out the drama

Question 4
(a)Choose two animals that are used in slogans by sporting teams and explained why they are found
to be relevant by those teams concerned.(5)
1. The black leopards soccer team is called that because they use the characterization of the black
leopard thay see themselves as winners because you will be defeated like the black leopards in his
hunts, the black leopards show incredible strength and spped which they consider to have.
2. The Pharaohs is another soccer team they use the characterization of a pharaoh as to bend the other
team into losing, as they carry great power, they look down on teams just as a Pharaoh would, they
also seek to reign for a long period of time just like the charcter of a Pharaoh.

(b)Whenever the late former President Mandela appeared, people chanted a certain name.
(i) What was the name?(1)
• Viva Madiba, Viva and Amandla

(ii) What was the chant called and what were the reasons for chanting it? (4)
• Rallying cry power to the people.
• Amandla is a Xhosa and Zulu word meaning “power”
• The word is still associated with struggles against oppression.
• Apartheid ended, people have begun to use the rallying cry “Amanadla” to express their
grievances against current government policies including those of the ANC.
• Trade unions still use it at mass meetings and protests.
• The use of the term has also become popular again during recent service delivery protests and
among poor people’s movements.

(c)Explain briefly why people prefer to sing or chant slogans whenever they protest against the
government or big business/institutions. (5)
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• They help people see the bigger picture about their group’s mission.
• Slogans are chanted by both politicians and their supporters to encode the history and culture of the
group.

(d)In African communities, children have always been taught morality through proverbs, however,
today, they are scarce in homes and in literature. Choose any 2 proverbs pertaining to children
and explain how they are used to inculcuate values to children. (5)

1. If you do not listen you will perish – Isalakutshelwasibonangomopho

This teaches a child to listen to her elders if they do not listen they might die.

2. You will be eaten by vultures, undesirable behaviour towards parents will be visited by punishment.
Uyakutiyiwangamaxhalanga

(e)In the past elders spoke to marriage couples about their vows through marriage songs. In this
practice still relevant or has it become irrelevant? Choose a song and explain how is was/is used.
(5)
• There are special wedding songs and dances called “umBholoho” and form a structured ritual to
channel mutual antagonism between families of the bride and groom.
• Families take turns to outdo each other in beautiful dancing and song.
• Both indlamu and ingoma are performed at weddings; women perform the Ingoma and men
perform the Indlamu.

May/June 2015 – AFL1502

Question 1
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(a)Discuss the concept Ubuntu brielfly and state whether your own culture embraces Ubuntu or not
illustrate your answer with examples from everyday life. (10)
May/June 2014 Q1 & Oct/Nov 2014 Q1

b)Choose the extract from your chosen African language and then answer the questions that follow:
(i)Discuss any 5 consonants from your chosen extract above with regard to (10)
• The presence or absence of voice during articulation and
• Where I had a lot of sound in this passage.
• Like we got sound of agalakaclele
• A+ugxume
• Then Entabeni
• Name of a natural thing.
• We pronounce it differently.
• Place or articulation
• Z, as in the word za(come) written (z) in phonetic sound.
(ii)From the extract,in the underlined word, the process of voweal rasing took place. (5)
Explain why.
NEED ANSWER

Question 2
(a)With regard to the extract in your chosen African language in Question 1(b) above, answer the
following questions.
(i) Choose a word from the extract and use it in a brief discussion of the concept “morpheme” (3)
NEED ANSWER

(ii)Choose a noun from the extract and use it to explain the forming of nouns by using the root of a
verb (5)
NEED ANSWER

(iii)Choose a verb from the extract to illustracte how its meaning maybe changed by means of suffixes
(5)
NEED ANSWER

(iv)Show with words from the extract, the importance of the adjective to the noun (5)
NEED ANSWER

b) Discuss the basic structure of the sentence by using examples from the extract in your chosen
African language above (7)
NEED ANSWER

Question 3
(a)Discuss the concept of Traditional literature with regard to its nature and the role that the audience
plays in the performance of the tradional literature in the African Languages (7)Page 30 -102
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• Puts emphasis on fact that this form of literature comes from the past and was handed down from one
generation to another.
• Namely the perfomer, audience and the occasion.
• It is characterized with specific features which has to do with performance, transmission from various
context.
• It is in performance that the total art is looked at as it is experienced and transmitted from various
contexts such as its social, educational and historical functions.

(b) A drama usually consists of a plot which may be divided into 4 stages. Discuss these stages and
how the characters in a drama may help to develop the plot. (7) page 46/47
Exposition

• The exposition should be the first act.

• The main problem and characters are to be introduced in the scenes of first act.
• This is the part of play that provides all the necessary information on the action that is about to be
performed.
• Such information may include among others background information and course of the conflict
Rising action

• The rising action is the stage in which conflict is initiated and intensifies as the drama develops
• Events in this stage of the plot should contribute to the development of the theme of the drama.
Climax

• This part of the plot constitutes the climax of the conflict.

• Refers to the turning point of a story, whereby leads to a resolution.
• It is the point in the story where main characters are faced challenges and have to make important
decisions and/or resolutions.
• A climax can be a moment of joyous discovery, moments of disaster and moments of sober truth and
recognition previously unknown to the character.
• It is a moment of crisis
• NB = marks end of conflict

Denouement

• Refers to the final scene in a novel.

• The character will result in either failure or success.
• All misunderstandings are cleared up and the plot is finally revealed and clear .
• Some individuals refer to “denouement as the last outcome of the main complication in a story.
Resolution

▪ Include at this level pulling together the strings

▪ Instead of leaving drama at the climax it makes sense to create a neat conclusion
which gives information on how the problem has been resolved
▪ Dramatis doesn’t give every detail about ending
▪ Able to leave suspense – audience/ reader are free to fill in their own interpretation of the
ending
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(c) The short story and the novel are both associated with storytelling, yet they also differ in many
ways. Discuss this statement by comparing a short story and a novel that you have read (10)
May/June 2014 Q3 /

(d) Complete the following sentence. In poetry, imagery is creaed by using figures of speech such as
(1)page 61
Metaphor, simile, personification,symbolisim and others.

Question 4
(a)Descibe(10) Page 42/43
Of clan praise in the African language

(i)The nature and

• A clan is a section of a tribe, a group of families which share a common ancestor
• The founder of a clan is usually their king or chief, whose surname they share
• The surname is his personal name and can have a praise behind it
• Used to discourage members of the same lineage not to get intimate
• Used as a form of greeting
• Carry the history of the clan and also identify the heroes of the clan
• State the totem of the clan as well as their common behaviour patterns
(ii)The function
• Praise names are used by various people at various place and associations for various purposes.
• Their function therefore depend on the context in which they are used.
• Some functions are linguistics, social, historical or didactic.
• It is clear from the praise names that some words are found in their sister languages, and indicates
close affinity between such langugaes.
• Some praise names are used as proverbs and other abound in symbolism, for instance metaphors.
• These are based on striking characteristics found in wild animals, beasts and birds.

(b) The use of animals in slogans is common practice in the African languages. Discuss how in this
practice, the characteristics of the animals are related to some sport teams or sport clubs that you
know. (10) Page 79
Animals, both domestic and wild, have names with prasies behind them:
• Lion: Malazwivhisi! The one who devours uncooked food.
• Baboon: Wa ha nyamuntsangadavhi wa lombe! The one who climbs down swinging from one branch
to the other.
• Hare:Randevhe! Mr Hare or Sankambe; Ramahlale (The deceiver)
• Springboks
➢ Play in green & gold jerseys with white shorts= enables springboks & king Portea
• Sharks
➢ They are based in Durban and centred on the Sharks Union
➢ They draw all their players from all of Kwa-Zulu Natal Province
• Animals are associated with people in many ways be it domestic or wild.
• People have praises for all these animlas, whether they own them as domestic animals or in fact man-
eaters.
• Each group sees animlas differently.
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(c)Discuss the role advertisement may play in shaping the attitudes of people who see them or read
them by referring to any advertisement you may have come across. (5) Page 88

• The word “advertisement” comes from a Latin verb advertere, which means turns towards.
• Adverts make people turn towards the product.
• They are made to draw people towards their products.
• Adverts appear on billboards along main roads and places of entertainment, in the media, magazines,
newspaper, tv and radio.
• They are chanted, sung and spoken.
• They use participants amongst other things, such as a speaker and addresses, message or advert.
• The speaker relays the advertising agency’s message.
• Various famous personalities are used here, such as David Beckham, Nelson Mandla

Oct/Nov 2015 – AFL1502

Question 1
(a)Do you agree with the following sentence “Ubuntu” is a means of community building”? Motivate
your answer with examples from everyday life (10)
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• Yes, I agree as Ubuntu as explained in the only study guide for AFL1502 is about, peace, working
together, forgiveness, nation building, respect, becoming a united people.
• And these are the facets that add value to our lives.
• Some examples to support my answers are as follows:
• Ubuntu is to remain calm when receiving unsolicited advice from someone and answer with something
like “Thank you for your opinion. I’ll think about it.” The goal is to be polite and not be defensive or
rude.
• It is Ubuntu to work together as a couple. Working together requires that you have good
communication skills. Communication with one another is the key to being able to be with one another
24 hours a day. You also need to have respect for one another, and of course, trust.
• Ubuntu teaches us to forgive and forget. We all have tiffs amongst each other in everyday life, but the
golden key is to be able to forgive even when we don’t receive an apology.
• Share with others. To be generous and give the needy and share our wealth. To give others from what
we have, even if we have a real need for it. This is showing Ubuntu.
• No matter what color, race, standard or background you come from Ubuntu stresses that we live
together in harmony, peace and be trustworthy and faithful to each other.
• Ubuntu is against the idea of hatred for one another, revenge, jealousy, malice, lies, idleness,
selfishness, arrogance, careless, cunning, and deceitful.

(b) Write down (10) Page 22/23

(i) any 2 vowels from an African language
a,e,i,o,u

(ii)any 2 consonants from an African language

b ,t,s,and x

(iii)1 characters of each (i) and (ii)

(i) Vowels:
• They are the first series of sound
• Always voiced, moves relatively unhindered or unimpeded through the mouth.
• They always move out over the middle of the tongue (medially).

(ii) Consontant:
• The second series of sound
• Shows some sound having voice, while other do not
• They may be voiced or voiceless and the air stream used to form or articulate them is either totalally
cut off by means of speech organs or just hindered in some way.
• Consonants may be formed through the mouth, that is orally.

(c)Explain briefly what your understand by the term “sound changes” illustrate your answer by giving
an example from an Africa language. (5) Page 25/26/27
• In isiZulu a few definitions of sound changes are consolidation, elision, nasalisation and palatalization.
• Consolidation:
• This sound change occurs when 2 vowels next to each other and the constants w or y are formed.
• For example: Uthingo Lwenkoszana (the rainbow)
• Uthingo is in the u (lu)-/izin – class of noun, its possessive concord is lu- (subject concord) +-
(possessive morpheme) and becomes lwa-, forming w.

• Elision:
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• It is found when one or more sounds are omitted or elided.

• Elision occurs in isiZulu when some of the vowels of class prefixes are omitted.
• For example: Umfana instead of umufana (boy)
• The forming of possessive concords causes elision as well as vowels coalescence, for example:
• Uthingo Lwenkosazana: lwa + inkosazana > - Lwenkosazana

Question 2
(a)Choose the sentence from the African Language of your choice and then answer the question

isiZulu: Umama upheke uphuthu izolo ntambama (Mother cooked porridge yesterday evening)

(i)Write down the subject concord in the sentence and then briefly discuss the concord system in your
African Language.(7) page 29/31
• Subject: Umama (Pronoun)
• Subject concord: U
• The noun, as subject of the sentence (Umama), must in the African languages always be connected to
verbs by means of a subject concord. All subject concords are derived from the class prefix of the
noun.
• The subject concord system in the case of Isizulu, the Zulu noun class 1, (umu-) subject concord is -
u-, the Zulu noun class 2, (aba-) subject concord is -ba-, the noun class 1, (u-) subject concord is -u-
and the noun class 2a, (o-) has -ba- as subject concord, the same as the persons’ class’s plural
subject concord. The subject concord follows directly after the noun to which it refers.

(ii)Write down 2 nouns from the sentence in your Africa language above then discuss the structure
and . (7) page 22/27
Structure:
• The Zulu noun consists of two essential parts, the prefix and the stem. Nouns are grouped into noun
classes based on the prefix they have and mostly according to what they mean, with each class
having a number.
• For example:
(1) Umama falls into the Class 1a, 2a: u-/o- class (mainly proper names and relationship terms).
1a U-; content: relationship term – Umama (mother)

(2) Uphuthu falls into the Class 11, 10: U(lu)-/izin class (a variety of objects)
11 U(lu)-, content: A variety of objects - Uphuthu (thick porridge).

(iii)Write down the verb from the sentence in your African language above and write brief notes on its
structure.(5) page 36/38

Verb : upheke (cooked)

suffix : e
type of suffix : The perfect suffix – ile
• The suffix is like the feminine and augmentative ones that can be added to nouns for an additional
meaning.
• Different nouns which denote people or objects take on an augmentative meaning with the same form
of suffix and can also take on a derogatory meaning, which all depends on the attitude of the speaker.
• The use of the verb in this sentence is singular (‘U’mama) and is in the perfect past tense for due to its
suffix –ke. The extension shows that there are different forms a verb can take when its root is
extended.
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(iv)Write down the subject, predicate and object from the sentence in your African language above in
(a) and explain the term “Syntax). (6) page 123

isiZulu: Umama upheke uphuthu izolo ntambama (Mother cooked porridge yesterday evening)

Subject – Umama (mother)

Predicate – Upheke uphuthu izolo ntambama (cooked porridge yesterday evening)
Object – Uphuthu ( porridge)
• The study of syntax refers to a study of the positioning of words in a sentence and the set of rules that
govern it.
• Basically, it is a study of the word order in a grammatical sentence.
• A sentence in Isizulu must include a subject, a predicate and an object.

Question 3
(a)Write brief notes on the characteristics of animals appearing in the African folktakes.(6)page 32
• The animals that appear in folktales have characteristics of human beings.
• They talk like people, furthermore their actions, thinking and feelings reflect that of a human being.
• There are both big and small characters.
• The big ones like the lion and hyena, although strong are foiled in some weaknesses.
• The smaller ones like hare and weasel are wittier and defeat.
• They are strong but stupid.

(b) Name the 4 parts into which the plot of a novel may be divided and briefly discuss any 2 of
them.(8) May/June 2014 Q3 / May/June 2015 Q3c

(c)The characters are the focal point of most novels and short stories. Give brief discussion of any 2
techniques a writer may use to depict characters in 1 of these 2 genres. (8)page 48
• Characters are not real people, but are made to live a life like real people.
• One of the best things about being an author is introducing his/her characters to his/her
audience/readers.
1.Name Giving Technique :
• It is very important for an author to choose the name which is very appropriate.
• The name must also be age appropriate, it must have meaning, loaded names must be avoided.
• Characters names often have significance in the story.
• Choosing a name by meaning could reflect major personality traits, or the character’s role in the story.

2.Expository Technique:
• This is the technique that many authors use when depicting characters.
• Here, the author provides some background information about the character.
• Exposition is a type of oral or written discourse that is used to explain, describe, give information or
inform on what is being discussed.
• It tells the audience/readers about the information in the selection.

(d)Briefly discuss what constitutes poetic language in poetry.(3)page 61

• Poetic language is the language most often (but not exclusively) used in poetry.
• The key is that poetry is much more compressed than fiction (short stories or novels for instance).
• These techniques are called poetic devices and may include rhyming, metaphors, similes
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Question 4
(a)Write brief notes on the main aim of chaniting clan praises as well as the reason for the choosing of
totemic animals to include in the clan praise names.(10)page 69-73
• The main aim of chanting clan praises is to teach the clan their history, their culture, and their heritage
as well as Ubuntu.
• They chanted when people go to war, and return victorious.
• They chant when a long lost person comes home.
• When they rejoicing and therefore pledge solidarity.
• When they are encouraging on another.
• When a new baby arrives, or someone passes away.
• The praise is not confined to a person only, but other things associated with them such as their
animals, wild and domestic.
• All African families have names or codes praises in them, as these name are associated with totemic
animals.
• Most clans are associated with animals such as lions, tigers, crocodiles cattle, etcetera.
• These are the animals that are venerate.

(b)Explain briefly why people prefer to sing or chant slogans whenever they protest against the
government or big business/institutions. (5) Oct/Nov 2014 Q4c

(c)Answer the following questions on advertisements Page 88 or Page82 in 102

(i)Where do you always see advertisements? (3)
• Adverts appear on billboards along main roads and places of entertainment
• in the media, magazines, newspaper,
• electronic devices such as television and radio.

(ii)Explain why you think they are placed there(5) Googled some
• Adverts make people turn towards the product.
• They are made to draw people towards their products.
• Advertising helps to keep the consumers informed about whatever new products or services are
available in the market at their disposal.
• It helps to spread awareness about products or services that are of some use to consumer and
potential buyers.
• The main aim of advertising, many believe is to sell.

(iii)Who are the targets of these advertisements and why?(2)

• Everyone is the targets.
• For advertisements and to sell products, to announce sports activities
• To display political slogans and promote political parties especially before election time

May/June 2016 – AFL1502

(a)Briefly explain what is “Ubuntu” is and tell us what is that you do in your culture that depicts
“Ubuntu”(10)May/June 2014 /2015

(b) Explain the relationship between language and culture (5) page 19
 www.studynotesunisa.co.za

• Language and culture are interwoven.

• Through terminology of a language that cultural interests and concerns are reflected.
• Through vocabulary and sentence construction that important aspects of a particular culture are
revealed, such as social standing, educations and beliefs.
• Language can be viewed as a verbal expression of culture.
• It is to maintain and convey culture and cultural ties.
• Language and culture perfectly blends together.
• Humans from birth learn their culture through language through what they observe their parents and
caretakers do, eventually they are to transmit this to culture through language that use.

(c) Name the 2 major divisions of sound distinguished in Phonetics and then describe 4 differences
between these 2 division of sounds(10)Pg 22/23

(iii) Vowels:
• Is with a,e,i,o,u
• They are the first series of sound
• All the sounds of the first sense are pronounced with the accompaniment of the voice.
• Vowels are always articulated with a free and open air stream
• They are always voiced.

(iv) Consontant:
• Is with b,t,s and x
• The second series of sound
• Shows some sound having voice, while other do not
• They may be voiced or voiceless.
• The air stream used to form or articulate them is either totalally cut off or impaired

Question 2
(a)What is meant by the “noun class system”? Provide examples from your chosen African
Langugage (8) Page 92
Noun class system: They are grammactial system that some languages use to catergories nouns.
• According to this structure every person, thing or object, real or abstract, is placed in a catergory or a
group in the African language.
• Orginally each class holds a specific demarcated content.
• But today most classes have a mixed content, although the basic contents of each noun class may be
distuiguised therefore:
• Each noun is placed in a separate class, mostly according to what is means.
• Example the following words indicate a person, things or objects that is nouns:
• um(u) – content for umuntu (person)
• umfana ( boy) - - abafana (boys)
• abafazi (women) – amazulu (zulu people)
• Mainly proper nouns and relationship terms:
• Relationship terms for example: ubaba (my fathers) amama (my mothers
• (a) u-(ugogo)
• Miscellaneous nouns:
umu – umuthi (tree, medicine) , umusi (smoke)
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(b)The forming nouns from the roots of verbs is a commom occurrence in the African languages.
Discuss the occurrence by using examples from your chosen African language(8) page 95
Personal deverbatives:
• Which usually occurs in the zu umu-/aba- class.
• The class prefix is placed infront of the verb root and the personal deverbative suffix at the book,
Eg; “ILI-AMA”
• When we look at the word “Umfundisi”, it is clear to recognise that it will fall under the “personal
deverbative” category and not the “non-personal deverbative category. This is because it contains a
class prefix placed in front of the verb-root and the personal deverbative suffix at the back.

Non-Personal deverbatives:
• This occurs in a lot of noun classes, for example, in one of the late sentences from
• Zu umthwalo (load)= um+thwal+o
• Umdlalo (play) um+dlal +o

(c) (i) Choose the sentence from your African language, indetify the word category in the underlined
part and explain its structure.(5)
isiZulu: Inkomo yendoda ilahlekile (The cow of the man is lost)

• isiZulu is a possessive stem that are derived from the absolute pronouns and from the noun class
prefixes to whivh the possessive concord is prefixed.
• Yendodoa, is a possessive noun, the Inkomo belongs to the man.
• Structure: prefix ye
• Root: ndoda

(ii)From the sentence in (i) above in your chosen African language, write down the verb in the
sentence and discuss its structure. (4)
• Verb: ilahlekile
• Ilahlekile is not a doing word

Question 3
(a)Explain the differences between a short story and a novel. Valiate your answer by giving relevant
examples (20) May/June 2014 Q3 / May/June 2015 Q3c

(b)Various factors can influence the creativity of an oral performer of folklore and can make the
narration more valid, interesting and convincing. Discuss for factors (5) Page 30
• Non-verbal resources of features such as facial expression:
• Which can illustrate different kind of modes like sadness, fear, happiness and anxiety.

• Body movement:
• Can be used to show behaviours of different characters in a activity or act.

• Physical gestures or physical appearance:

• Can portray ones behaviour.

• Musical instruments:
• can put on a radio tape.Can record the performance.

Question 4
 www.studynotesunisa.co.za

(a)What is the term for praise poem in your choosen African Language? Now discuss 4 funcrtions of
praise poems (5) page 39/40
• In isiZulu the term for praise poem is “izibongo” (sibonga in the singular)
4 functions of praise poems:
• As used as proverbs and others abound in symbolism for instance, in metaphors.
• Are chanted during special occasions to pledge solidarity, to encourage others, to praise and to
honour.
• Praise historical figures and their places of origin and also reflect on the philosophy of the people.
• Stimulate one’s mind, teach and delight.
(b)A drama usually consists of a plot which may be divided into 4 stages. Discuss these stages an
show how the characters in a drama may help to develop the plot. (10) May/June 2015 Q3b

(c)Slogans are used to empower, encourage or incite people. Write down 1 slogan that you know that
can elicit 1 of those responses and explain why it is able to do so (5)
• “Sleeping on a sealy is like sleeping on a cloud”
• A company that sells beds, the emphasis here is how soft and comfortable the bed is after a long day.
• People are tired and they need a good night sleep.
• Therefore they should choose “Sealy” for comfortable sleep that leads to a health body, which is what
target market is looking for.
• Target Market: People that work long hours and are deprived of sleep.

➢ Liverpool: You will never walk alone

➢ This slogan is probably representing a team.
➢ By stating that you will never walk alone, the owner of the Liverpool Club is reminding his playing and
their fans that there is unity in numbers and they will always have each other, therefore the support of
one another.

(d) Choose 2 animals that you used in clan praises or praises for a sport team and explain the
reasons for the choice of these animals. (5)
• Lion:
• They strong and powerful.
• They the king of the animals
• They are hunters

• Springbok:
• They are fast and agile

Oct/Nov 2016 – AFL1502

Question 1
a)“Through others I am someone” (English)
Briefly discuss UBUNTU as an act that binds people together (10)
 www.studynotesunisa.co.za

May/June 2014 Q1 Oct/Nov 2014 Q1

b) Discuss the factors that led to the creation of 11 official languages in South Africa (15)
May/June 2014 Q2/ Oct/Nov 2014

Question 2
a)What do you understand by the terms Folklore and riddles- Oct/Nov 2014
b)Define and give an examples of the following folk narratives in your main African language (6)
Oct/Nov 2014
c)Give 6 functions of Folk narratives in your main African Language(6) Oct/Nov 2014
d)Give three proverbs for each situation(i) –(iii), in your main African language. (9) Oct/Nov 2014
(i)When there is a death in the family:
(ii)When you are warning someone
(iii)When you encourage someone

Question 3 –Oct/Nov 2015 Q2

(a)Choose the sentence from the African Language of your choice and then answer the question
isiZulu: Umama upheke uphuthu izolo ntambama (Mother cooked porridge yesterday evening)

(i)Write down the subject concord in the sentence and then briefly discuss the concord system in your
African Language.(7)
(ii)Write down 2 nouns from the sentence in your Africa language above then discuss the structure
and function. (9)
(iii)Write down the verb from the sentence in your African language above and write brief notes on its
structure.(5)
(b) Write down (10) _-Oct/Nov 2015 Q1b
(i) any 2 vowels from an African language

(ii)any 2 consonants from an African language

(iii)1 character of each (i) and (ii)

(c)Explain briefly what your understand by the term “sound changes” illustrate your answer by giving
an example from an Africa language. (5)

Although both the novel and the drama fall under the category of literature known as fiction, they differ
with regard to:
Discuss these two genres with regard to (a), (b), (c) and (d) Oct/Nov 2014 Q3
a)Structure: (7)
b)Types: (7)
c)Dialogue and : (6)
d)Characterisation: (5)

Oct/Nov 2017– AFL1502

(REPEATED PAPER AS IS FROM May/June 2016)
(a)Briefly explain what is “Ubuntu” is and tell us what is that you do in your culture that depicts
“Ubuntu”(10)
 www.studynotesunisa.co.za

(b) Explain the relationship between language and culture (5)

(c) Name the 2 major divisions of sound distinguished in Phonetics and then describe 4 differences
between these 2 division of sounds(10)

Question 2
(a)What is meant by the “noun class system”? Provide examples from your chosen African
Langugage (8)

(b)The forming nouns from the roots of verbs is a commom occurrence in the African languages.
Discuss the occurrence by using examples from your chosen African language(8)

(c) (i) Choose the sentence from your African language, indetify the word category in the underlined
part and explain its structure.(5)
isiZulu: Inkomo yendodoa ilahlekile (The cow of the man is lost)

(ii)From the sentence in (i) above in your chosen African language, write down the verb in the
sentence and discuss its structure. (4)

Question 3
(a)Explain the differences between a short story and a novel. Valiate your answer by giving relevant
examples (20)

(b)Various factors can influence the creativity of an oral performer of folklore and can make the
narration more valid, interesting and convincing. Discuss for factors (5)

Question 4
(a)What is the term for praise poem in your choosen African Language? Now discuss 4 funcrtions of
praise poems (5)

(b)A drama usually consists of a plot which may be divided into 4 stages. Discuss these stages an
show how the characters in a drama may help to develop the plot. (10)

(c)Slogans are used to empower, encourage or incite people. Write down 1 slogan that you know that
can elicit 1 of those responses and explain why it is able to do so (5)

(d) Choose 2 animals that you used in clan praises or praises for a sport team and explain the
reasons for the choice of these animals. (5)